Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like LUDecomposition often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use LUDecomposition, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php declare(strict_types=1);  | 
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| 31 | class LUDecomposition  | 
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| 32 | { | 
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| 33 | /**  | 
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| 34 | * Decomposition storage  | 
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| 35 | * @var array  | 
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| 36 | */  | 
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| 37 | private $LU = [];  | 
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| 38 | |||
| 39 | /**  | 
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| 40 | * Row dimension.  | 
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| 41 | * @var int  | 
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| 42 | */  | 
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| 43 | private $m;  | 
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| 44 | |||
| 45 | /**  | 
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| 46 | * Column dimension.  | 
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| 47 | * @var int  | 
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| 48 | */  | 
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| 49 | private $n;  | 
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| 50 | |||
| 51 | /**  | 
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| 52 | * Pivot sign.  | 
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| 53 | * @var int  | 
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| 54 | */  | 
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| 55 | private $pivsign;  | 
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| 56 | |||
| 57 | /**  | 
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| 58 | * Internal storage of pivot vector.  | 
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| 59 | * @var array  | 
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| 60 | */  | 
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| 61 | private $piv = [];  | 
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| 62 | |||
| 63 | |||
| 64 | /**  | 
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| 65 | * LU Decomposition constructor.  | 
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| 66 | *  | 
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| 67 | * @param $A Rectangular matrix  | 
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| 68 | * @return Structure to access L, U and piv.  | 
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| 69 | */  | 
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| 70 | public function __construct(Matrix $A)  | 
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| 129 | |||
| 130 | |||
| 131 | /**  | 
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| 132 | * Get lower triangular factor.  | 
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| 133 | *  | 
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| 134 | * @return array Lower triangular factor  | 
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| 135 | */  | 
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| 136 | public function getL()  | 
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| 152 | |||
| 153 | |||
| 154 | /**  | 
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| 155 | * Get upper triangular factor.  | 
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| 156 | *  | 
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| 157 | * @return array Upper triangular factor  | 
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| 158 | */  | 
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| 159 | public function getU()  | 
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| 173 | |||
| 174 | |||
| 175 | /**  | 
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| 176 | * Return pivot permutation vector.  | 
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| 177 | *  | 
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| 178 | * @return array Pivot vector  | 
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| 179 | */  | 
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| 180 | public function getPivot()  | 
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| 184 | |||
| 185 | |||
| 186 | /**  | 
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| 187 | * Alias for getPivot  | 
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| 188 | *  | 
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| 189 | * @see getPivot  | 
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| 190 | */  | 
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| 191 | public function getDoublePivot()  | 
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| 195 | |||
| 196 | |||
| 197 | /**  | 
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| 198 | * Is the matrix nonsingular?  | 
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| 199 | *  | 
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| 200 | * @return true if U, and hence A, is nonsingular.  | 
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| 201 | */  | 
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| 202 | public function isNonsingular()  | 
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| 211 | |||
| 212 | |||
| 213 | /**  | 
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| 214 | * Count determinants  | 
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| 215 | *  | 
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| 216 | * @return array d matrix deterninat  | 
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| 217 | */  | 
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| 218 | public function det()  | 
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| 230 | |||
| 231 | |||
| 232 | /**  | 
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| 233 | * Solve A*X = B  | 
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| 234 | *  | 
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| 235 | * @param Matrix $B A Matrix with as many rows as A and any number of columns.  | 
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| 236 | *  | 
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| 237 | * @return array X so that L*U*X = B(piv,:)  | 
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| 238 | *  | 
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| 239 | * @throws MatrixException  | 
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| 240 | */  | 
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| 241 | public function solve(Matrix $B)  | 
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| 275 | |||
| 276 | /**  | 
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| 277 | * @param Matrix $matrix  | 
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| 278 | * @param int $j0  | 
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| 279 | * @param int $jF  | 
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| 280 | *  | 
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| 281 | * @return array  | 
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| 282 | */  | 
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| 283 | protected function getSubMatrix(array $matrix, array $RL, int $j0, int $jF)  | 
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| 297 | } // class LUDecomposition  | 
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| 298 | 
Adding a
@returnannotation to a constructor is not recommended, since a constructor does not have a meaningful return value.Please refer to the PHP core documentation on constructors.