eventespresso / event-espresso-core

core/db_classes/EE_Base_Class.class.php

Doc Comments +11 added lines, -10 removed lines

@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ 
      *
      * @param \EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
      * @param bool $pretty
-     * @param null $date_or_time
+     * @param string|null $date_or_time
      * @return void
      * @throws InvalidArgumentException
      * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ 
      *
      * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
      * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+     * @param string  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
      *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
      * @return array|EE_Base_Class
      * @throws EE_Error
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ 
      *
      * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
      * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
+     * @param string  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
      *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
      * @return array|EE_Base_Class
      * @throws EE_Error
@@ -1104,7 +1104,7 @@ 
      * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
      *
      * @param  string $field_name A valid fieldname
-     * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
+     * @return integer|null              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
      * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
      */
     public function get_raw($field_name)
@@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ 
      * used for fields corresponding to EE_Money_Fields, and it will always return a money object,
      * or else it will throw an exception.
      *
-     * @param $field_name
+     * @param string $field_name
      * @return Money
      * @throws InvalidEntityException
      * @throws EE_Error
@@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ 
      * sets the time on a datetime property
      *
      * @access protected
-     * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
+     * @param string $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
      * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
      * @throws EE_Error
      */
@@ -1454,7 +1454,7 @@ 
      * sets the date on a datetime property
      *
      * @access protected
-     * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
+     * @param string $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
      * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
      * @throws EE_Error
      */
@@ -1518,6 +1518,7 @@ 
      * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
      * @param string $prepend You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
      * @param string $append You can include something to append on the timestamp
+     * @param string $args
      * @throws InvalidArgumentException
      * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
      * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
@@ -1922,7 +1923,7 @@ 
      *
      * @param  array  $props_n_values   incoming array of properties and their values
      * @param  string $classname        the classname of the child class
-     * @param null    $timezone
+     * @param string|null    $timezone
      * @param array   $date_formats     incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
      *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
      * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
@@ -2000,7 +2001,7 @@ 
      * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
      *
      * @param string $model_classname
-     * @param null $timezone
+     * @param string|null $timezone
      * @return EEM_Base
      * @throws \ReflectionException
      * @throws InvalidArgumentException
@@ -2506,7 +2507,7 @@ 
      *
      * @param string $meta_key
      * @param mixed $meta_value
-     * @param mixed $previous_value
+     * @param boolean $previous_value
      * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
      * @throws InvalidArgumentException
      * @throws InvalidInterfaceException

Indentation +2843 added lines, -2843 removed lines

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ 
 use EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\LoaderFactory;
 
 if ( ! defined('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION')) {
-    exit('No direct script access allowed');
+	exit('No direct script access allowed');
 }
 do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, ' FILE LOADED', '');
 
@@ -36,2848 +36,2848 @@ 
 abstract class EE_Base_Class
 {
 
-    /**
-     * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
-     * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
-     * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
-     * which values to override and which to not override.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor;
-
-    /**
-     * Timezone
-     * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
-     * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
-     * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
-     * access to it.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_timezone;
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * date format
-     * pattern or format for displaying dates
-     *
-     * @var string $_dt_frmt
-     */
-    protected $_dt_frmt;
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * time format
-     * pattern or format for displaying time
-     *
-     * @var string $_tm_frmt
-     */
-    protected $_tm_frmt;
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
-     * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
-     * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
-     * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cached_properties = array();
-
-    /**
-     * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
-     * single
-     * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
-     * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
-     * all others have an array)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_model_relations = array();
-
-    /**
-     * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
-     * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_fields = array();
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
-     * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
-     * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
-     * it would be a bug.
-     */
-    protected $_allow_persist = true;
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
-     */
-    protected $_has_changes = false;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EEM_Base
-     */
-    protected $_model;
-
-    /**
-     * @var MoneyFactory
-     */
-    protected $money_factory;
-
-
-    /**
-     * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
-     * play nice
-     *
-     * @param array $fieldValues where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
-     *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
-     *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
-     * @param boolean $bydb a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
-     *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
-     * @param string $timezone indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
-     *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
-     * @param array $date_formats An array of date formats to set on construct where first
-     *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
-     *                                                         format.
-     * @param MoneyFactory|null $money_factory
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function __construct(
-        $fieldValues = array(),
-        $bydb = false,
-        $timezone = '',
-        $date_formats = array(),
-        MoneyFactory $money_factory = null
-    ) {
-        if (! $money_factory instanceof MoneyFactory) {
-            $money_factory = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\currency\MoneyFactory');
-        }
-        $this->money_factory = $money_factory;
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $model_fields = $model->field_settings(false);
-        // ensure $fieldValues is an array
-        $fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : array($fieldValues);
-        // EEH_Debug_Tools::printr( $fieldValues, '$fieldValues  <br /><span style="font-size:10px;font-weight:normal;">' . __FILE__ . '<br />line no: ' . __LINE__ . '</span>', 'auto' );
-        // verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
-        foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
-            if ( ! isset($model_fields[$field_name])) {
-                throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s",
-                    "event_espresso"), $field_name, get_class($this), implode(", ", array_keys($model_fields))));
-            }
-        }
-        // EEH_Debug_Tools::printr( $model_fields, '$model_fields  <br /><span style="font-size:10px;font-weight:normal;">' . __FILE__ . '<br />line no: ' . __LINE__ . '</span>', 'auto' );
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        if ( ! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-            list($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt) = $date_formats;
-        } else {
-            //set default formats for date and time
-            $this->_dt_frmt = (string)get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
-            $this->_tm_frmt = (string)get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
-        }
-        //if db model is instantiating
-        if ($bydb) {
-            //client code has indicated these field values are from the database
-            foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
-                $this->set_from_db($fieldName, isset($fieldValues[$fieldName]) ? $fieldValues[$fieldName] : null);
-            }
-        } else {
-            //we're constructing a brand
-            //new instance of the model object. Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
-            foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
-                $this->set($fieldName, isset($fieldValues[$fieldName]) ? $fieldValues[$fieldName] : null, true);
-            }
-        }
-        //remember what values were passed to this constructor
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
-        //remember in entity mapper
-        if ( ! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
-            $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-        }
-        //setup all the relations
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = null;
-            } else {
-                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = array();
-            }
-        }
-        /**
-         * Action done at the end of each model object construction
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function allow_persist()
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
-     * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
-     * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
-     *
-     * @param boolean $allow_persist
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
-     * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return mixed|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_original($field_name)
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[$field_name])
-            && $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
-        ) {
-            return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[$field_name]);
-        } else {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_class($obj)
-    {
-        return get_class($obj);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param    string $field_name
-     * @param    mixed $field_value
-     * @param bool $use_default
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
-    {
-        // if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
-        // then don't do anything
-        if (
-            ! $use_default
-            && $this->_fields[$field_name] === $field_value
-            && $this->ID()
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $this->_has_changes = true;
-        $field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            //			if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                $field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-                $field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-            }
-            $holder_of_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_value);
-            //should the value be null?
-            if (($field_value === null || $holder_of_value === null || $holder_of_value === '') && $use_default) {
-                $this->_fields[$field_name] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-                /**
-                 * To save having to refactor all the models, if a default value is used for a
-                 * EE_Datetime_Field, and that value is not null nor is it a DateTime
-                 * object.  Then let's do a set again to ensure that it becomes a DateTime
-                 * object.
-                 *
-                 * @since 4.6.10+
-                 */
-                if (
-                    $field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field
-                    && $this->_fields[$field_name] !== null
-                    && ! $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime
-                ) {
-                    empty($this->_fields[$field_name])
-                        ? $this->set($field_name, time())
-                        : $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[$field_name]);
-                }
-            } else {
-                $this->_fields[$field_name] = $holder_of_value;
-            }
-            //if we're not in the constructor...
-            //now check if what we set was a primary key
-            if (
-                //note: props_n_values_provided_in_constructor is only set at the END of the constructor
-                $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-                && $field_value
-                && $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
-            ) {
-                //if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
-                //what we've explicitly set on this model
-                //or what we have in the db
-                // echo "setting primary key!";
-                $fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
-                $obj_in_db = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
-                foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
-                    if ( ! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
-                         && $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
-                    ) {
-                        $this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
-                    }
-                }
-                //oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
-                $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-            }
-            //let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
-            $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s",
-                "event_espresso"), $field_name));
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
-     * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
-     *
-     * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
-     * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
-     * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
-     * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $this->set($field_name, $field_value);
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            //ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
-            $this->save();
-            return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
-     * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
-     * Example Usage:
-     * Via EE_Message child class:
-     * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
-     * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
-     * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
-     * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
-     * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
-     * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $column_value = $this->get($field_name);
-        } else {
-            //This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
-            $column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
-        }
-        return $column_value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
-     * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
-     * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
-     * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
-    {
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        //make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-        //make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
-        $model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                if (isset($this->_fields[$field_name]) && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime) {
-                    $this->_fields[$field_name]->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string timezone string
-     */
-    public function get_timezone()
-    {
-        return $this->_timezone;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
-     * internally instead of wp set date format options
-     *
-     * @since 4.6
-     * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     */
-    public function set_date_format($format)
-    {
-        $this->_dt_frmt = $format;
-        //clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
-     * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
-     *
-     * @since 4.6
-     * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     */
-    public function set_time_format($format)
-    {
-        $this->_tm_frmt = $format;
-        //clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
-     *
-     * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
-     *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
-     * @return mixed string|array
-     */
-    public function get_format($full = true)
-    {
-        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * cache
-     * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
-     * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
-     *
-     * @param string        $relationName    one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
-     *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
-     *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
-     * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
-     *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
-     *                  related thing, no array)
-     */
-    public function cache($relationName = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
-    {
-        // its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
-        if ( ! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
-        if ( ! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
-                $relationName, get_class($this)));
-        }
-        // how many things are related ?
-        if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            // if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object  eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
-            // so for these model objects just set it to be cached
-            $this->_model_relations[$relationName] = $object_to_cache;
-            $return = true;
-        } else {
-            // otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship, so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
-            // eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event, so we cache the registrations in an array
-            if ( ! is_array($this->_model_relations[$relationName])) {
-                // if for some reason, the cached item is a model object, then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
-                $this->_model_relations[$relationName] = $this->_model_relations[$relationName] instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                    ? array($this->_model_relations[$relationName]) : array();
-            }
-            // first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
-            if ( ! empty($cache_id)) {
-                // if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
-                $this->_model_relations[$relationName][$cache_id] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return = $cache_id;
-            } elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
-                // OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
-                $this->_model_relations[$relationName][$object_to_cache->ID()] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return = $object_to_cache->ID();
-            } else {
-                // OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
-                $this->_model_relations[$relationName][] = $object_to_cache;
-                // move the internal pointer to the end of the array
-                end($this->_model_relations[$relationName]);
-                // and grab the key so that we can return it
-                $return = key($this->_model_relations[$relationName]);
-            }
-        }
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
-     * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
-     * @param string|null $cache_type
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
-    {
-        //first make sure this property exists
-        $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
-        $this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type] = $value;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
-     * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
-     * @param bool   $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
-     *                                 to define how to output the property.
-     *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
-     * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        //verify the field exists
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
-        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type])) {
-            return $this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type];
-        }
-        $value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        $this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
-     * @param string $fieldname
-     * @param bool $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        // If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            $this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        }
-        if ( ! isset($this->_fields[$fieldname])) {
-            $this->_fields[$fieldname] = null;
-        }
-        $value = $pretty
-            ? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[$fieldname], $extra_cache_ref)
-            : $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[$fieldname]);
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
-     * @param bool $pretty
-     * @param null $date_or_time
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
-        EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
-        $pretty = false,
-        $date_or_time = null
-    ) {
-        $datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
-        $datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
-        //set the output returned
-        switch ($date_or_time) {
-            case 'D' :
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
-                break;
-            case 'T' :
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
-                break;
-            default :
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_properties()
-    {
-        $this->_cached_properties = array();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
-     *
-     * @param  string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[$property_name])) {
-            unset($this->_cached_properties[$property_name]);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
-     * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
-    {
-        $other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
-            self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
-            $this->_timezone
-        );
-        return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
-     * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
-     * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
-     * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName                         one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
-     *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
-     * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
-     *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
-     *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
-     * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
-     *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
-     *                       relation from all
-     */
-    public function clear_cache($relationName, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
-    {
-        $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
-        $index_in_cache = '';
-        if ( ! $relationship_to_model) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __("There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache", 'event_espresso'),
-                    $relationName,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if ($clear_all) {
-            $obj_removed = true;
-            $this->_model_relations[$relationName] = null;
-        } elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[$relationName];
-            $this->_model_relations[$relationName] = null;
-        } else {
-            if ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                && $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-            ) {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
-                if (is_array($this->_model_relations[$relationName])
-                    && ! isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache])
-                ) {
-                    $index_found_at = null;
-                    //find this object in the array even though it has a different key
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[$relationName] as $index => $obj) {
-                        if (
-                            $obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                            && (
-                                $obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
-                                || $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-                            )
-                        ) {
-                            $index_found_at = $index;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if ($index_found_at) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
-                    } else {
-                        //it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
-                        //if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
-                        return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-                    }
-                }
-            } elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                //so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
-                    if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-            }
-            //supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
-            //provided a bad index/object
-            if (
-            isset(
-                $this->_model_relations[$relationName],
-                $this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache]
-            )
-            ) {
-                $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache];
-                unset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache]);
-            } else {
-                //that thing was never cached anyways.
-                $obj_removed = null;
-            }
-        }
-        return $obj_removed;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * update_cache_after_object_save
-     * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
-     * obtained after being saved to the db
-     *
-     * @param string         $relationName       - the type of object that is cached
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
-     * @param string         $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
-     * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update_cache_after_object_save(
-        $relationName,
-        EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
-        $current_cache_id = ''
-    ) {
-        // verify that incoming object is of the correct type
-        $obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
-        if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
-            /* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
-            // now get the type of relation
-            $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
-            // if this is a 1:1 relationship
-            if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                // then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
-                $this->_model_relations[$relationName] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-                // or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
-            } elseif (is_array($this->_model_relations[$relationName])
-                      && isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$current_cache_id])
-            ) {
-                // then remove the current cached item
-                unset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$current_cache_id]);
-                // and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
-                $this->_model_relations[$relationName][$newly_saved_object->ID()] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     */
-    public function get_one_from_cache($relationName)
-    {
-        $cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName]) ? $this->_model_relations[$relationName]
-            : null;
-        if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
-            return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
-        } else {
-            return $cached_array_or_object;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @throws \ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
-     */
-    public function get_all_from_cache($relationName)
-    {
-        $objects = isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName]) ? $this->_model_relations[$relationName] : array();
-        // if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
-        $objects = is_array($objects) ? $objects : array($objects);
-        //bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
-        //basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
-        //already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
-        //otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
-        // EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relationName )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relationName);
-        foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
-            if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                //ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
-                if ($model_object->ID()) {
-                    $model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
-                }
-            } else {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $relationName,
-                        gettype($model_object)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $objects;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous_x(
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = array(),
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_from_db($field_name, $field_value_from_db)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            //you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
-            //eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
-            //entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
-            //are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
-            if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
-                if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
-                    //if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
-                    $field_value = null;
-                } else {
-                    $field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-                }
-            } else {
-                $field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
-            }
-            $this->_fields[$field_name] = $field_value;
-            $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name A valid fieldname
-     * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
-     * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
-     */
-    public function get_raw($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        switch(true){
-            case $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime:
-                $value = $this->_fields[$field_name]->format('U');
-                break;
-            case $field_settings instanceof EE_Money_Field && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof Money:
-                $value = $this->_fields[$field_name]->floatAmount();
-                break;
-            default:
-                $value = $this->_fields[$field_name];
-        }
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
-     * EE_Datetime_Field.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
-     * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     *                                         an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
-     *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
-     *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
-     *                                         this field is nullable).
-     */
-    public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ( ! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        return $this->_fields[$field_name];
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a Money object for the specified field. Please note that this should only be
-     * used for fields corresponding to EE_Money_Fields, and it will always return a money object,
-     * or else it will throw an exception.
-     *
-     * @param $field_name
-     * @return Money
-     * @throws InvalidEntityException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function getMoneyObject($field_name)
-    {
-        $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        $value = isset($this->_fields[$field_name]) ? $this->_fields[$field_name] : null;
-        if (! $field instanceof EE_Money_Field
-            || ! $value instanceof Money) {
-            throw new InvalidEntityException(
-                get_class($value),
-                'Money',
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                        'Tried to retrieve money value from %1$s with ID %2$s from field %3$s but no money object present.',
-                        // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    get_class($this),
-                    $this->ID(),
-                    $field_name
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
-     * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        echo $this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
-     * can be easily used as the value of form input.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function f($field_name)
-    {
-        $this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_f($field_name)
-    {
-        return (string)$this->get_pretty($field_name,'form_input');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
-     * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
-     * to see what options are available.
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
-     * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
-     * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
-     *
-     * @access   protected
-     * @param string   $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
-     * @param string   $dt_frmt      valid datetime format used for date
-     *                               (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
-     *                               if NULL we use the last-used format)
-     * @param string   $tm_frmt      Same as above except this is for time format
-     * @param string   $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
-     * @param  boolean $echo         Whether the dtt is echoing using pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
-     * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
-     *                               if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '', $date_or_time = '', $echo = false)
-    {
-        // clear cached property
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        //reset format properties because they are used in get()
-        $this->_dt_frmt = $dt_frmt !== '' ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
-        $this->_tm_frmt = $tm_frmt !== '' ? $tm_frmt : $this->_tm_frmt;
-        if ($echo) {
-            $this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
-            return '';
-        }
-        return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @return string            datetime value formatted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param      $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param      $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
-     * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $dt_frmt    format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @param  string $tm_frmt    format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt, null, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @see date_i18n function.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for the date being retrieved.
-     * @param string $format PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
-     *                           on the object will be used.
-     * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     *                           field name.
-     */
-    public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
-        return date_i18n(
-            $format,
-            EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset($this->get_raw($field_name), $this->_timezone)
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
-     * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
-     * thrown.
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name The field name being checked
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Datetime_Field
-     */
-    protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
-    {
-        $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        //check if field is dtt
-        if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            return $field;
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
-                'event_espresso'), $field_name, self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))));
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
-     * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
-     * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
-     * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
-     * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
-     */
-    /**
-     * sets the time on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets the date on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
-     * verifies that the given fieldname matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string $what "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
-     * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string $fieldname the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
-     *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_time($what = 'T', $datetime_value, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($fieldname);
-        $field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-        $field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-        switch ($what) {
-            case 'T' :
-                $this->_fields[$fieldname] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[$fieldname]
-                );
-                break;
-            case 'D' :
-                $this->_fields[$fieldname] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[$fieldname]
-                );
-                break;
-            case 'B' :
-                $this->_fields[$fieldname] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
-                break;
-        }
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
-     * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
-     * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
-     * that could lead to some unexpected results!
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $field_name This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
-     *                                         value being returned.
-     * @param string $callback must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
-     * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
-     * @param string $prepend You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
-     * @param string $append You can include something to append on the timestamp
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string timestamp
-     */
-    public function display_in_my_timezone(
-        $field_name,
-        $callback = 'get_datetime',
-        $args = null,
-        $prepend = '',
-        $append = ''
-    ) {
-        $timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
-        if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
-            return '';
-        }
-        $original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
-        $this->set_timezone($timezone);
-        $fn = (array)$field_name;
-        $args = array_merge($fn, (array)$args);
-        if ( ! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $callback
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $args = (array)$args;
-        $return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
-        $this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object.
-     * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
-     * override
-     * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
-     *
-     * @return boolean | int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note: `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.  For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
-        $result = $this->_delete();
-        /**
-         * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note: `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.  For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
-     * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
-     * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
-     * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
-     *
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _delete()
-    {
-        return $this->delete_permanently();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object permanently from db (but keep in mind related models my block the delete and return an
-     * error)
-     *
-     * @return bool | int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_permanently()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
-        $this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
-        /**
-         * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
-     * related model objects
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ( ! empty($this->_model_relations[$relation_name])) {
-                $related_objects = $this->_model_relations[$relation_name];
-                if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    //this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
-                    //but let's make it consistent
-                    $related_objects = array($related_objects);
-                }
-                foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
-                    //only refresh their cache if they're in memory
-                    if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                        $related_object->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
-     * object just before saving.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param array $set_cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values,
-     *                                 if provided during the save() method (often client code will change the fields'
-     *                                 values before calling save)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return int , 1 on a successful update, the ID of the new entry on insert; 0 on failure or if the model object
-     *                                 isn't allowed to persist (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
-     */
-    public function save($set_cols_n_values = array())
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        /**
-         * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
-         *
-         * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
-         */
-        $set_cols_n_values = (array)apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values', $set_cols_n_values,
-            $this);
-        //set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
-        foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
-            $this->set($column, $value);
-        }
-        // no changes ? then don't do anything
-        if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        /**
-         * Saving a model object.
-         * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
-        if ( ! $this->allow_persist()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        //now get current attribute values
-        $save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
-        //if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
-        //also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object. They have been
-        $old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
-                                                            ->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
-        $model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
-        //does this model have an autoincrement PK?
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-                //ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
-                if ( ! empty($save_cols_n_values[$model->primary_key_name()])) {
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    unset($save_cols_n_values[$model->primary_key_name()]);
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    if ($results) {
-                        //if successful, set the primary key
-                        //but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
-                        //an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
-                        //will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
-                        //will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
-                        //but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
-                        $pk_field_name = $model->primary_key_name();
-                        $this->_fields[$pk_field_name] = $results;
-                        $this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
-                        $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-                        $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {//PK is NOT auto-increment
-                //so check if one like it already exists in the db
-                if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
-                    if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
-                        throw new EE_Error(
-                            sprintf(
-                                __('Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
-                                    'event_espresso'),
-                                get_class($this),
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
-                                '<br />'
-                            )
-                        );
-                    }
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {//there is NO primary key
-            $already_in_db = false;
-            foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
-                $uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
-                if ($model->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
-                    $already_in_db = true;
-                }
-            }
-            if ($already_in_db) {
-                $combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values,
-                    $model->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
-                $results = $model->update($save_cols_n_values, $combined_pk_fields_n_values);
-            } else {
-                $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-            }
-        }
-        //restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
-        $model
-             ->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object($old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation);
-        /**
-         * After saving the model object this action is called
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
-         * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
-         *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
-        $this->_has_changes = false;
-        return $results;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
-     * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
-     * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
-     * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
-     * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
-     * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
-     * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
-                    $fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
-                        $model->get_this_model_name()
-                    );
-                    $related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
-                    if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
-                        $related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
-     * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
-     * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
-     * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
-     * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
-     * and this object and properly setup
-     *
-     * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
-    {
-        //make sure this has been saved
-        if ( ! $this->ID()) {
-            $id = $this->save();
-        } else {
-            $id = $this->ID();
-        }
-        //now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
-        foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relationName => $relationObj) {
-            if ($this->_model_relations[$relationName]) {
-                //is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
-                //or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
-                if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    //add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                    //but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                    /* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
-                    $related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[$relationName];
-                    //					if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                    $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
-                    $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                    //					}
-                } else {
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[$relationName] as $related_model_obj) {
-                        //add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                        //but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                        //						if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                        $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
-                        $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                        //						}
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $id;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * for getting a model while instantiated.
-     *
-     * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
-     */
-    public function get_model()
-    {
-        if( ! $this->_model){
-            $modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
-            $this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
-        } else {
-            $this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        }
-
-        return $this->_model;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $props_n_values
-     * @param $classname
-     * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
-    {
-        //TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
-        $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-        if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values) && ! empty($props_n_values[$primary_id_ref])) {
-            $id = $props_n_values[$primary_id_ref];
-            return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
-     * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
-     * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
-     * we return false.
-     *
-     * @param  array  $props_n_values   incoming array of properties and their values
-     * @param  string $classname        the classname of the child class
-     * @param null    $timezone
-     * @param array   $date_formats     incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $existing = null;
-        $model = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-            if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-                && ! empty($props_n_values[$primary_id_ref])
-            ) {
-                $existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
-                    $props_n_values[$primary_id_ref]
-                );
-            }
-        } elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
-            //no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
-            $existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
-                self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
-            );
-        }
-        if ($existing) {
-            //set date formats if present before setting values
-            if ( ! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-                $existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
-                $existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
-            } else {
-                //set default formats for date and time
-                $existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
-                $existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
-            }
-            foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
-                $existing->set($property, $field_value);
-            }
-            return $existing;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
-     *
-     * @access public now, as this is more convenient
-     * @param      $classname
-     * @param null $timezone
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = null)
-    {
-        //find model for this class
-        if ( ! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        "What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name",
-                        "event_espresso"
-                    ),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
-        return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
-     *
-     * @param string $model_classname
-     * @param null $timezone
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     * @throws \ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = null)
-    {
-        $model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
-        $model->set_timezone($timezone);
-        return $model;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
-     * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
-     *
-     * @param null $model_name
-     * @return string like EEM_Attendee
-     */
-    private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = null)
-    {
-        if (strpos($model_name, "EE_") === 0) {
-            $model_classname = str_replace("EE_", "EEM_", $model_name);
-        } else {
-            $model_classname = "EEM_" . $model_name;
-        }
-        return $model_classname;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns the name of the primary key attribute
-     *
-     * @param null $classname
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
-    {
-        if ( ! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __("What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)", "event_espresso"),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the value of the primary key.
-     * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
-     * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
-     * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
-     *
-     * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ID()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        //now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            return $this->_fields[$model->primary_key_name()];
-        } else {
-            return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
-     * @param string $relationName                     eg 'Events','Question',etc.
-     *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
-     *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
-     *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
-     * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
-     *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
-     *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
-     *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
-     *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
-     *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
-     *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
-     * @param null   $cache_id
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
-     */
-    public function _add_relation_to(
-        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-        $relationName,
-        $extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array(),
-        $cache_id = null
-    ) {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        //if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $otherObject = $model
-                                ->add_relationship_to($this, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName,
-                                    $extra_join_model_fields_n_values);
-            //clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject, true);
-            if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        } else {
-            //this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
-            if ( ! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                throw new EE_Error(sprintf(
-                    __('Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
-                        'event_espresso'),
-                    $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                    get_class($this)
-                ));
-            } else {
-                $otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
-            }
-            $this->cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            //fix the reciprocal relation too
-            if ($otherObject->ID()) {
-                //its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
-                //clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
-                $otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), null, true);
-            } else {
-                //it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
-                $otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
-     * from the cache
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-     *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
-     *                to the DB yet
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query
-     *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
-     *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
-     *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
-     *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a NEW row is
-     *                created in the join table.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            //if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObject = $this->get_model()
-                                ->remove_relationship_to($this, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName,
-                                    $where_query);
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject);
-        } else {
-            //this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObject = $this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID);
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $otherObject->clear_cache($this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] (where conditions)
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            //if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations($this, $relationName, $where_query_params);
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        } else {
-            //this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObjects = $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        }
-        if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
-            foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache($this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObjects;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
-     * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
-     * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
-     * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[] Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary keys
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     *                             or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these results if
-     *                             you want IDs
-     */
-    public function get_many_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            //this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
-            //if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
-            if ($query_params) {
-                $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
-            } else {
-                //did we already cache the result of this query?
-                $cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
-                if ( ! $cached_results) {
-                    $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
-                    //if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
-                    //for that relation. We can cache them then.
-                    foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
-                        $this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_objects = $cached_results;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            //this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
-            $related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
-        }
-        return $related_model_objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
-     * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
-     * @param bool $distinct if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
-     *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->count_related($this, $relation_name, $query_params, $field_to_count, $distinct);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
-     * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @param string $field_to_sum name of field to count by.
-     *                              By default, uses primary key (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably
-     *                              change it)
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_sum = null)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->sum_related($this, $relation_name, $query_params, $field_to_sum);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @return EE_Base_Class (not an array, a single object)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_first_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        if ($this->ID()) {//this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
-            //if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
-            //also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
-            //on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
-            if ($query_params
-                || ! $model->related_settings_for($relationName)
-                     instanceof
-                     EE_Belongs_To_Relation
-            ) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
-            } else {
-                //first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
-                $cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
-                if ( ! $cached_result) {
-                    $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
-                    $this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_object = $cached_result;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $related_model_object = null;
-            //this doesn't exist in the Db, but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
-            if ($model->related_settings_for($relationName) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
-            }
-            //this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either, just get what's cached on this object
-            if ( ! $related_model_object) {
-                $related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
-            }
-        }
-        return $related_model_object;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
-     * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
-     * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @return int how many deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $count = $this->get_model()->delete_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
-        } else {
-            $count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        }
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
-     * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
-     * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related_permanently($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $count = $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently($this, $relationName, $query_params);
-        } else {
-            $count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
-        }
-        $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * is_set
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
-     *
-     * @access  public
-     * @param  string $field_name property to check
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
-     */
-    public function is_set($field_name)
-    {
-        return isset($this->_fields[$field_name]);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
-     * EE_Error exception if they don't
-     *
-     * @param  mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
-     */
-    protected function _property_exists($properties)
-    {
-        foreach ((array)$properties as $property_name) {
-            //first make sure this property exists
-            if ( ! $this->_fields[$property_name]) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $property_name
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function model_field_array()
-    {
-        $fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        $properties = array();
-        //remove prepended underscore
-        foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
-            $properties[$field_name] = $this->get($field_name);
-        }
-        return $properties;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
-     * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
-     * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments. Instead of
-     * requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that
-     * happen?) they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}' (eg,
-     * filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function) and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function
-     * was called, and an array of the original arguments passed to the function. Whatever their callback function
-     * returns will be returned by this function. Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
-     * add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3); function
-     * my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
-     * $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
-     *        return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
-     * }
-     * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
-     * $answer= EE_Answer::new_instance(array('REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'));
-     * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
-     * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
-     *
-     * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
-     * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
-     */
-    public function __call($methodName, $args)
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        $tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if ( ! has_filter($tagName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        "Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
-                        "event_espresso"
-                    ),
-                    $methodName,
-                    $className,
-                    $tagName
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
-     * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed $meta_value
-     * @param mixed $previous_value
-     * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
-     */
-    public function update_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ),
-        );
-        if ($previous_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        $existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-        if ( ! $existing_rows_like_that) {
-            return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
-        }
-        foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
-            $existing_row->save(array('EXM_value' => $meta_value));
-        }
-        return count($existing_rows_like_that);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
-     * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
-     * extra meta row was entered, false if not
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed $meta_value
-     * @param boolean $unique
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false)
-    {
-        if ($unique) {
-            $existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
-                array(
-                    array(
-                        'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                        'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                        'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    ),
-                )
-            );
-            if ($existing_extra_meta) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        $new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
-                'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
-                'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            )
-        );
-        $new_extra_meta->save();
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
-     * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed $meta_value
-     * @return int number of extra meta rows deleted
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ),
-        );
-        if ($meta_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
-     * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
-     * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
-     *
-     * @param string  $meta_key
-     * @param boolean $single
-     * @param mixed   $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
-     * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_extra_meta($meta_key, $single = false, $default = null)
-    {
-        if ($single) {
-            $result = $this->get_first_related('Extra_Meta', array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key)));
-            if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                return $result->value();
-            }
-        } else {
-            $results = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key)));
-            if ($results) {
-                $values = array();
-                foreach ($results as $result) {
-                    if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                        $values[$result->ID()] = $result->value();
-                    }
-                }
-                return $values;
-            }
-        }
-        //if nothing discovered yet return default.
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
-            $default,
-            $meta_key,
-            $single,
-            $this
-            );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
-     * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
-     * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
-     * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
-     * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
-     * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
-     * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
-     * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
-     *
-     * @param boolean $one_of_each_key
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function all_extra_meta_array($one_of_each_key = true)
-    {
-        $return_array = array();
-        if ($one_of_each_key) {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', array('group_by' => 'EXM_key'));
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    $return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    if ( ! isset($return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()])) {
-                        $return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()] = array();
-                    }
-                    $return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()][$extra_meta_obj->ID()] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $return_array;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        //find a field that's not a text field
-        $field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
-        if ($field_we_can_use) {
-            return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
-        } else {
-            $first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
-            $first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
-            $name_parts = array();
-            foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
-                $name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
-            }
-            return implode(",", $name_parts);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * in_entity_map
-     * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function in_entity_map()
-    {
-        if ($this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this) {
-            //well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * refresh_from_db
-     * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
-     * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
-     */
-    public function refresh_from_db()
-    {
-        if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
-            $this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
-        } else {
-            //if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
-            //if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
-            //that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
-            //absolutely nothing in it for this ID
-            if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __('Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
-                            'event_espresso'),
-                        $this->ID(),
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the money field's amount in subunits (and if the currency has no subunits, gets it in the main units)
-     * @param string $money_field_name
-     * @return int
-     * @throws InvalidEntityException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function moneyInSubunits($money_field_name)
-    {
-        return $this->getMoneyObject($money_field_name)->amountInSubunits();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the money field's amount based on the incoming monetary subunits (eg pennies). If the currency has no subunits,
-     * the amount is actually assumed to be in the currency's main units
-     * @param string $money_field_name
-     * @param int $amount_in_subunits
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function setMoneySubunits($money_field_name,$amount_in_subunits)
-    {
-        $money = $this->money_factory->createFromSubUnits(
-            $amount_in_subunits,
-            EE_Config::instance()->currency->code
-        );
-        $this->set($money_field_name, $money);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
-     * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function __toString()
-    {
-        try {
-            return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return '';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
-     * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
-     * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
-     * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
-     * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
-     * Eg, the following won't work:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $reg->attendee()->save();
-     * And would need to be replace with:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $att->save();
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __sleep()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
-                if (
-                    $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
-                    && $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
-                ) {
-                    $this->clear_cache($relation_name, $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = array();
-        $properties_to_serialize = get_object_vars($this);
-        //don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
-        unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
-        return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-     * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
-     * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
-     * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
-     */
-    public function __wakeup()
-    {
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
+	 * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
+	 * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
+	 * which values to override and which to not override.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor;
+
+	/**
+	 * Timezone
+	 * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
+	 * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
+	 * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
+	 * access to it.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_timezone;
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * date format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying dates
+	 *
+	 * @var string $_dt_frmt
+	 */
+	protected $_dt_frmt;
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * time format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying time
+	 *
+	 * @var string $_tm_frmt
+	 */
+	protected $_tm_frmt;
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
+	 * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
+	 * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
+	 * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cached_properties = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
+	 * single
+	 * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
+	 * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
+	 * all others have an array)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_model_relations = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
+	 * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_fields = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
+	 * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
+	 * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
+	 * it would be a bug.
+	 */
+	protected $_allow_persist = true;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
+	 */
+	protected $_has_changes = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EEM_Base
+	 */
+	protected $_model;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var MoneyFactory
+	 */
+	protected $money_factory;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
+	 * play nice
+	 *
+	 * @param array $fieldValues where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
+	 *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
+	 *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
+	 * @param boolean $bydb a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
+	 *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
+	 * @param string $timezone indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
+	 *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
+	 * @param array $date_formats An array of date formats to set on construct where first
+	 *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
+	 *                                                         format.
+	 * @param MoneyFactory|null $money_factory
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function __construct(
+		$fieldValues = array(),
+		$bydb = false,
+		$timezone = '',
+		$date_formats = array(),
+		MoneyFactory $money_factory = null
+	) {
+		if (! $money_factory instanceof MoneyFactory) {
+			$money_factory = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\currency\MoneyFactory');
+		}
+		$this->money_factory = $money_factory;
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$model_fields = $model->field_settings(false);
+		// ensure $fieldValues is an array
+		$fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : array($fieldValues);
+		// EEH_Debug_Tools::printr( $fieldValues, '$fieldValues  <br /><span style="font-size:10px;font-weight:normal;">' . __FILE__ . '<br />line no: ' . __LINE__ . '</span>', 'auto' );
+		// verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
+		foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
+			if ( ! isset($model_fields[$field_name])) {
+				throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s",
+					"event_espresso"), $field_name, get_class($this), implode(", ", array_keys($model_fields))));
+			}
+		}
+		// EEH_Debug_Tools::printr( $model_fields, '$model_fields  <br /><span style="font-size:10px;font-weight:normal;">' . __FILE__ . '<br />line no: ' . __LINE__ . '</span>', 'auto' );
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		if ( ! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+			list($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt) = $date_formats;
+		} else {
+			//set default formats for date and time
+			$this->_dt_frmt = (string)get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
+			$this->_tm_frmt = (string)get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
+		}
+		//if db model is instantiating
+		if ($bydb) {
+			//client code has indicated these field values are from the database
+			foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
+				$this->set_from_db($fieldName, isset($fieldValues[$fieldName]) ? $fieldValues[$fieldName] : null);
+			}
+		} else {
+			//we're constructing a brand
+			//new instance of the model object. Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
+			foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
+				$this->set($fieldName, isset($fieldValues[$fieldName]) ? $fieldValues[$fieldName] : null, true);
+			}
+		}
+		//remember what values were passed to this constructor
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
+		//remember in entity mapper
+		if ( ! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
+			$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+		}
+		//setup all the relations
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = null;
+			} else {
+				$this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = array();
+			}
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Action done at the end of each model object construction
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function allow_persist()
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
+	 * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
+	 * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $allow_persist
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
+	 * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return mixed|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_original($field_name)
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[$field_name])
+			&& $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
+		) {
+			return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[$field_name]);
+		} else {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_class($obj)
+	{
+		return get_class($obj);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param    string $field_name
+	 * @param    mixed $field_value
+	 * @param bool $use_default
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
+	{
+		// if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
+		// then don't do anything
+		if (
+			! $use_default
+			&& $this->_fields[$field_name] === $field_value
+			&& $this->ID()
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$this->_has_changes = true;
+		$field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			//			if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+				$field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+				$field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+			}
+			$holder_of_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_value);
+			//should the value be null?
+			if (($field_value === null || $holder_of_value === null || $holder_of_value === '') && $use_default) {
+				$this->_fields[$field_name] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+				/**
+				 * To save having to refactor all the models, if a default value is used for a
+				 * EE_Datetime_Field, and that value is not null nor is it a DateTime
+				 * object.  Then let's do a set again to ensure that it becomes a DateTime
+				 * object.
+				 *
+				 * @since 4.6.10+
+				 */
+				if (
+					$field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field
+					&& $this->_fields[$field_name] !== null
+					&& ! $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime
+				) {
+					empty($this->_fields[$field_name])
+						? $this->set($field_name, time())
+						: $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[$field_name]);
+				}
+			} else {
+				$this->_fields[$field_name] = $holder_of_value;
+			}
+			//if we're not in the constructor...
+			//now check if what we set was a primary key
+			if (
+				//note: props_n_values_provided_in_constructor is only set at the END of the constructor
+				$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+				&& $field_value
+				&& $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
+			) {
+				//if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
+				//what we've explicitly set on this model
+				//or what we have in the db
+				// echo "setting primary key!";
+				$fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
+				$obj_in_db = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
+				foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
+					if ( ! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
+						 && $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
+					) {
+						$this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
+					}
+				}
+				//oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
+				$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+			}
+			//let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
+			$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s",
+				"event_espresso"), $field_name));
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
+	 * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
+	 *
+	 * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
+	 * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
+	 * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$this->set($field_name, $field_value);
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			//ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
+			$this->save();
+			return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
+	 * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
+	 * Example Usage:
+	 * Via EE_Message child class:
+	 * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
+	 * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
+	 * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
+	 * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
+	 * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
+	 * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$column_value = $this->get($field_name);
+		} else {
+			//This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
+			$column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
+		}
+		return $column_value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
+	 * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
+	 * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
+	 * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
+	{
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		//make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+		//make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
+		$model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+				if (isset($this->_fields[$field_name]) && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime) {
+					$this->_fields[$field_name]->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string timezone string
+	 */
+	public function get_timezone()
+	{
+		return $this->_timezone;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
+	 * internally instead of wp set date format options
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 */
+	public function set_date_format($format)
+	{
+		$this->_dt_frmt = $format;
+		//clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
+	 * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 */
+	public function set_time_format($format)
+	{
+		$this->_tm_frmt = $format;
+		//clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
+	 *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
+	 * @return mixed string|array
+	 */
+	public function get_format($full = true)
+	{
+		return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * cache
+	 * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
+	 * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
+	 *
+	 * @param string        $relationName    one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
+	 *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
+	 *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
+	 * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
+	 *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
+	 *                  related thing, no array)
+	 */
+	public function cache($relationName = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
+	{
+		// its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
+		if ( ! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
+		if ( ! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
+				$relationName, get_class($this)));
+		}
+		// how many things are related ?
+		if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			// if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object  eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
+			// so for these model objects just set it to be cached
+			$this->_model_relations[$relationName] = $object_to_cache;
+			$return = true;
+		} else {
+			// otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship, so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
+			// eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event, so we cache the registrations in an array
+			if ( ! is_array($this->_model_relations[$relationName])) {
+				// if for some reason, the cached item is a model object, then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
+				$this->_model_relations[$relationName] = $this->_model_relations[$relationName] instanceof EE_Base_Class
+					? array($this->_model_relations[$relationName]) : array();
+			}
+			// first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
+			if ( ! empty($cache_id)) {
+				// if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
+				$this->_model_relations[$relationName][$cache_id] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return = $cache_id;
+			} elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
+				// OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
+				$this->_model_relations[$relationName][$object_to_cache->ID()] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return = $object_to_cache->ID();
+			} else {
+				// OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
+				$this->_model_relations[$relationName][] = $object_to_cache;
+				// move the internal pointer to the end of the array
+				end($this->_model_relations[$relationName]);
+				// and grab the key so that we can return it
+				$return = key($this->_model_relations[$relationName]);
+			}
+		}
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
+	 * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
+	 * @param string|null $cache_type
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
+	{
+		//first make sure this property exists
+		$this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
+		$this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type] = $value;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
+	 * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
+	 * @param bool   $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
+	 *                                 to define how to output the property.
+	 *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
+	 * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		//verify the field exists
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
+		$cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type])) {
+			return $this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type];
+		}
+		$value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		$this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
+	 * @param string $fieldname
+	 * @param bool $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		// If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			$this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		}
+		if ( ! isset($this->_fields[$fieldname])) {
+			$this->_fields[$fieldname] = null;
+		}
+		$value = $pretty
+			? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[$fieldname], $extra_cache_ref)
+			: $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[$fieldname]);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
+	 * @param bool $pretty
+	 * @param null $date_or_time
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
+		EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
+		$pretty = false,
+		$date_or_time = null
+	) {
+		$datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
+		$datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
+		//set the output returned
+		switch ($date_or_time) {
+			case 'D' :
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
+				break;
+			case 'T' :
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
+				break;
+			default :
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_properties()
+	{
+		$this->_cached_properties = array();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[$property_name])) {
+			unset($this->_cached_properties[$property_name]);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
+	 * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
+	{
+		$other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
+			self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
+			$this->_timezone
+		);
+		return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
+	 * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
+	 * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
+	 * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName                         one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
+	 *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
+	 * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
+	 *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
+	 *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
+	 * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
+	 *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
+	 *                       relation from all
+	 */
+	public function clear_cache($relationName, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
+	{
+		$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
+		$index_in_cache = '';
+		if ( ! $relationship_to_model) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__("There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache", 'event_espresso'),
+					$relationName,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($clear_all) {
+			$obj_removed = true;
+			$this->_model_relations[$relationName] = null;
+		} elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			$obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[$relationName];
+			$this->_model_relations[$relationName] = null;
+		} else {
+			if ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
+				&& $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+			) {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
+				if (is_array($this->_model_relations[$relationName])
+					&& ! isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache])
+				) {
+					$index_found_at = null;
+					//find this object in the array even though it has a different key
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[$relationName] as $index => $obj) {
+						if (
+							$obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
+							&& (
+								$obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
+								|| $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+							)
+						) {
+							$index_found_at = $index;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+					if ($index_found_at) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
+					} else {
+						//it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
+						//if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
+						return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+					}
+				}
+			} elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				//so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
+					if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index;
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+			}
+			//supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
+			//provided a bad index/object
+			if (
+			isset(
+				$this->_model_relations[$relationName],
+				$this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache]
+			)
+			) {
+				$obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache];
+				unset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache]);
+			} else {
+				//that thing was never cached anyways.
+				$obj_removed = null;
+			}
+		}
+		return $obj_removed;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * update_cache_after_object_save
+	 * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
+	 * obtained after being saved to the db
+	 *
+	 * @param string         $relationName       - the type of object that is cached
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
+	 * @param string         $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
+	 * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update_cache_after_object_save(
+		$relationName,
+		EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
+		$current_cache_id = ''
+	) {
+		// verify that incoming object is of the correct type
+		$obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
+		if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
+			/* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
+			// now get the type of relation
+			$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
+			// if this is a 1:1 relationship
+			if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				// then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
+				$this->_model_relations[$relationName] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+				// or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
+			} elseif (is_array($this->_model_relations[$relationName])
+					  && isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$current_cache_id])
+			) {
+				// then remove the current cached item
+				unset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$current_cache_id]);
+				// and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
+				$this->_model_relations[$relationName][$newly_saved_object->ID()] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 */
+	public function get_one_from_cache($relationName)
+	{
+		$cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName]) ? $this->_model_relations[$relationName]
+			: null;
+		if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
+			return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
+		} else {
+			return $cached_array_or_object;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @throws \ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
+	 */
+	public function get_all_from_cache($relationName)
+	{
+		$objects = isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName]) ? $this->_model_relations[$relationName] : array();
+		// if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
+		$objects = is_array($objects) ? $objects : array($objects);
+		//bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
+		//basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
+		//already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
+		//otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
+		// EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relationName )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relationName);
+		foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
+			if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				//ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
+				if ($model_object->ID()) {
+					$model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
+				}
+			} else {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						__(
+							'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$relationName,
+						gettype($model_object)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $objects;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous_x(
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = array(),
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_from_db($field_name, $field_value_from_db)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			//you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
+			//eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
+			//entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
+			//are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
+			if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
+				if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
+					//if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
+					$field_value = null;
+				} else {
+					$field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+				}
+			} else {
+				$field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
+			}
+			$this->_fields[$field_name] = $field_value;
+			$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name A valid fieldname
+	 * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
+	 * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
+	 */
+	public function get_raw($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		switch(true){
+			case $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime:
+				$value = $this->_fields[$field_name]->format('U');
+				break;
+			case $field_settings instanceof EE_Money_Field && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof Money:
+				$value = $this->_fields[$field_name]->floatAmount();
+				break;
+			default:
+				$value = $this->_fields[$field_name];
+		}
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
+	 * EE_Datetime_Field.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
+	 * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 *                                         an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
+	 *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
+	 *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
+	 *                                         this field is nullable).
+	 */
+	public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ( ! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return $this->_fields[$field_name];
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a Money object for the specified field. Please note that this should only be
+	 * used for fields corresponding to EE_Money_Fields, and it will always return a money object,
+	 * or else it will throw an exception.
+	 *
+	 * @param $field_name
+	 * @return Money
+	 * @throws InvalidEntityException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function getMoneyObject($field_name)
+	{
+		$field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		$value = isset($this->_fields[$field_name]) ? $this->_fields[$field_name] : null;
+		if (! $field instanceof EE_Money_Field
+			|| ! $value instanceof Money) {
+			throw new InvalidEntityException(
+				get_class($value),
+				'Money',
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+						'Tried to retrieve money value from %1$s with ID %2$s from field %3$s but no money object present.',
+						// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					get_class($this),
+					$this->ID(),
+					$field_name
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
+	 * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		echo $this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
+	 * can be easily used as the value of form input.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function f($field_name)
+	{
+		$this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_f($field_name)
+	{
+		return (string)$this->get_pretty($field_name,'form_input');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
+	 * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
+	 * to see what options are available.
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
+	 * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
+	 * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
+	 *
+	 * @access   protected
+	 * @param string   $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
+	 * @param string   $dt_frmt      valid datetime format used for date
+	 *                               (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
+	 *                               if NULL we use the last-used format)
+	 * @param string   $tm_frmt      Same as above except this is for time format
+	 * @param string   $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
+	 * @param  boolean $echo         Whether the dtt is echoing using pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
+	 * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
+	 *                               if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '', $date_or_time = '', $echo = false)
+	{
+		// clear cached property
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		//reset format properties because they are used in get()
+		$this->_dt_frmt = $dt_frmt !== '' ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
+		$this->_tm_frmt = $tm_frmt !== '' ? $tm_frmt : $this->_tm_frmt;
+		if ($echo) {
+			$this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
+			return '';
+		}
+		return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @return string            datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param      $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param      $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
+	 * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $dt_frmt    format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @param  string $tm_frmt    format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt, null, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @see date_i18n function.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for the date being retrieved.
+	 * @param string $format PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
+	 *                           on the object will be used.
+	 * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 *                           field name.
+	 */
+	public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
+		return date_i18n(
+			$format,
+			EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset($this->get_raw($field_name), $this->_timezone)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
+	 * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
+	 * thrown.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name The field name being checked
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Datetime_Field
+	 */
+	protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
+	{
+		$field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		//check if field is dtt
+		if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			return $field;
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
+				'event_espresso'), $field_name, self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))));
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
+	 * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
+	 * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
+	 * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
+	 * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
+	 */
+	/**
+	 * sets the time on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets the date on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
+	 * verifies that the given fieldname matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string $what "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
+	 * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string $fieldname the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
+	 *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_time($what = 'T', $datetime_value, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($fieldname);
+		$field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+		$field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+		switch ($what) {
+			case 'T' :
+				$this->_fields[$fieldname] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[$fieldname]
+				);
+				break;
+			case 'D' :
+				$this->_fields[$fieldname] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[$fieldname]
+				);
+				break;
+			case 'B' :
+				$this->_fields[$fieldname] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
+				break;
+		}
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
+	 * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
+	 * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
+	 * that could lead to some unexpected results!
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $field_name This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
+	 *                                         value being returned.
+	 * @param string $callback must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
+	 * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
+	 * @param string $prepend You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
+	 * @param string $append You can include something to append on the timestamp
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string timestamp
+	 */
+	public function display_in_my_timezone(
+		$field_name,
+		$callback = 'get_datetime',
+		$args = null,
+		$prepend = '',
+		$append = ''
+	) {
+		$timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
+		if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		$original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
+		$this->set_timezone($timezone);
+		$fn = (array)$field_name;
+		$args = array_merge($fn, (array)$args);
+		if ( ! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$callback
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$args = (array)$args;
+		$return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
+		$this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object.
+	 * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
+	 * override
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean | int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note: `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.  For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
+		$result = $this->_delete();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note: `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.  For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
+	 * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
+	 * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
+	 *
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _delete()
+	{
+		return $this->delete_permanently();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object permanently from db (but keep in mind related models my block the delete and return an
+	 * error)
+	 *
+	 * @return bool | int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_permanently()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
+		$this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
+	 * related model objects
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ( ! empty($this->_model_relations[$relation_name])) {
+				$related_objects = $this->_model_relations[$relation_name];
+				if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					//this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
+					//but let's make it consistent
+					$related_objects = array($related_objects);
+				}
+				foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
+					//only refresh their cache if they're in memory
+					if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+						$related_object->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
+	 * object just before saving.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param array $set_cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values,
+	 *                                 if provided during the save() method (often client code will change the fields'
+	 *                                 values before calling save)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return int , 1 on a successful update, the ID of the new entry on insert; 0 on failure or if the model object
+	 *                                 isn't allowed to persist (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
+	 */
+	public function save($set_cols_n_values = array())
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		/**
+		 * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
+		 *
+		 * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
+		 */
+		$set_cols_n_values = (array)apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values', $set_cols_n_values,
+			$this);
+		//set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
+		foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
+			$this->set($column, $value);
+		}
+		// no changes ? then don't do anything
+		if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Saving a model object.
+		 * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
+		if ( ! $this->allow_persist()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		//now get current attribute values
+		$save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
+		//if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
+		//also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object. They have been
+		$old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
+															->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
+		$model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
+		//does this model have an autoincrement PK?
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+				//ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
+				if ( ! empty($save_cols_n_values[$model->primary_key_name()])) {
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					unset($save_cols_n_values[$model->primary_key_name()]);
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					if ($results) {
+						//if successful, set the primary key
+						//but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
+						//an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
+						//will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
+						//will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
+						//but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
+						$pk_field_name = $model->primary_key_name();
+						$this->_fields[$pk_field_name] = $results;
+						$this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
+						$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+						$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+					}
+				}
+			} else {//PK is NOT auto-increment
+				//so check if one like it already exists in the db
+				if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
+					if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
+						throw new EE_Error(
+							sprintf(
+								__('Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
+									'event_espresso'),
+								get_class($this),
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
+								'<br />'
+							)
+						);
+					}
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {//there is NO primary key
+			$already_in_db = false;
+			foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
+				$uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
+				if ($model->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
+					$already_in_db = true;
+				}
+			}
+			if ($already_in_db) {
+				$combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values,
+					$model->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
+				$results = $model->update($save_cols_n_values, $combined_pk_fields_n_values);
+			} else {
+				$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+			}
+		}
+		//restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
+		$model
+			 ->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object($old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation);
+		/**
+		 * After saving the model object this action is called
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
+		 * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
+		 *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
+		$this->_has_changes = false;
+		return $results;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
+	 * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
+	 * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
+	 * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
+	 * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
+	 * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
+	 * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
+					$fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
+						$model->get_this_model_name()
+					);
+					$related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
+					if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
+						$related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
+	 * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
+	 * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
+	 * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
+	 * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
+	 * and this object and properly setup
+	 *
+	 * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
+	{
+		//make sure this has been saved
+		if ( ! $this->ID()) {
+			$id = $this->save();
+		} else {
+			$id = $this->ID();
+		}
+		//now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
+		foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relationName => $relationObj) {
+			if ($this->_model_relations[$relationName]) {
+				//is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
+				//or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
+				if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					//add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+					//but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+					/* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
+					$related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[$relationName];
+					//					if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+					$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
+					$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+					//					}
+				} else {
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[$relationName] as $related_model_obj) {
+						//add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+						//but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+						//						if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+						$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
+						$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+						//						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $id;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * for getting a model while instantiated.
+	 *
+	 * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
+	 */
+	public function get_model()
+	{
+		if( ! $this->_model){
+			$modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
+			$this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
+		} else {
+			$this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		}
+
+		return $this->_model;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $props_n_values
+	 * @param $classname
+	 * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
+	{
+		//TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
+		$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+		if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values) && ! empty($props_n_values[$primary_id_ref])) {
+			$id = $props_n_values[$primary_id_ref];
+			return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
+	 * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
+	 * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
+	 * we return false.
+	 *
+	 * @param  array  $props_n_values   incoming array of properties and their values
+	 * @param  string $classname        the classname of the child class
+	 * @param null    $timezone
+	 * @param array   $date_formats     incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$existing = null;
+		$model = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+			if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
+				&& ! empty($props_n_values[$primary_id_ref])
+			) {
+				$existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
+					$props_n_values[$primary_id_ref]
+				);
+			}
+		} elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
+			//no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
+			$existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
+				self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($existing) {
+			//set date formats if present before setting values
+			if ( ! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+				$existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
+				$existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
+			} else {
+				//set default formats for date and time
+				$existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
+				$existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
+			}
+			foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
+				$existing->set($property, $field_value);
+			}
+			return $existing;
+		} else {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
+	 *
+	 * @access public now, as this is more convenient
+	 * @param      $classname
+	 * @param null $timezone
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = null)
+	{
+		//find model for this class
+		if ( ! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						"What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name",
+						"event_espresso"
+					),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
+		return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_classname
+	 * @param null $timezone
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 * @throws \ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = null)
+	{
+		$model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
+		$model->set_timezone($timezone);
+		return $model;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
+	 * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
+	 *
+	 * @param null $model_name
+	 * @return string like EEM_Attendee
+	 */
+	private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = null)
+	{
+		if (strpos($model_name, "EE_") === 0) {
+			$model_classname = str_replace("EE_", "EEM_", $model_name);
+		} else {
+			$model_classname = "EEM_" . $model_name;
+		}
+		return $model_classname;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns the name of the primary key attribute
+	 *
+	 * @param null $classname
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
+	{
+		if ( ! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__("What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)", "event_espresso"),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the value of the primary key.
+	 * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
+	 * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
+	 * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ID()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		//now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			return $this->_fields[$model->primary_key_name()];
+		} else {
+			return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
+	 * @param string $relationName                     eg 'Events','Question',etc.
+	 *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
+	 *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
+	 *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
+	 * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
+	 *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
+	 *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
+	 *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
+	 *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
+	 *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
+	 *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
+	 * @param null   $cache_id
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
+	 */
+	public function _add_relation_to(
+		$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+		$relationName,
+		$extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array(),
+		$cache_id = null
+	) {
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		//if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$otherObject = $model
+								->add_relationship_to($this, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName,
+									$extra_join_model_fields_n_values);
+			//clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject, true);
+			if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		} else {
+			//this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
+			if ( ! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				throw new EE_Error(sprintf(
+					__('Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
+						'event_espresso'),
+					$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+					get_class($this)
+				));
+			} else {
+				$otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
+			}
+			$this->cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			//fix the reciprocal relation too
+			if ($otherObject->ID()) {
+				//its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
+				//clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
+				$otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), null, true);
+			} else {
+				//it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
+				$otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
+	 * from the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+	 *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
+	 *                to the DB yet
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query
+	 *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
+	 *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
+	 *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
+	 *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a NEW row is
+	 *                created in the join table.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			//if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObject = $this->get_model()
+								->remove_relationship_to($this, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName,
+									$where_query);
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject);
+		} else {
+			//this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObject = $this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$otherObject->clear_cache($this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] (where conditions)
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			//if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations($this, $relationName, $where_query_params);
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		} else {
+			//this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObjects = $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		}
+		if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
+			foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache($this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObjects;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
+	 * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
+	 * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
+	 * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[] Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary keys
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 *                             or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these results if
+	 *                             you want IDs
+	 */
+	public function get_many_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			//this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
+			//if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
+			if ($query_params) {
+				$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
+			} else {
+				//did we already cache the result of this query?
+				$cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
+				if ( ! $cached_results) {
+					$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
+					//if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
+					//for that relation. We can cache them then.
+					foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
+						$this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
+					}
+				} else {
+					$related_model_objects = $cached_results;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			//this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
+			$related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
+		}
+		return $related_model_objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
+	 * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
+	 * @param bool $distinct if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
+	 *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->count_related($this, $relation_name, $query_params, $field_to_count, $distinct);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
+	 * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @param string $field_to_sum name of field to count by.
+	 *                              By default, uses primary key (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably
+	 *                              change it)
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_sum = null)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->sum_related($this, $relation_name, $query_params, $field_to_sum);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class (not an array, a single object)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_first_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		if ($this->ID()) {//this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
+			//if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
+			//also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
+			//on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
+			if ($query_params
+				|| ! $model->related_settings_for($relationName)
+					 instanceof
+					 EE_Belongs_To_Relation
+			) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
+			} else {
+				//first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
+				$cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
+				if ( ! $cached_result) {
+					$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
+					$this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
+				} else {
+					$related_model_object = $cached_result;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$related_model_object = null;
+			//this doesn't exist in the Db, but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
+			if ($model->related_settings_for($relationName) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
+			}
+			//this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either, just get what's cached on this object
+			if ( ! $related_model_object) {
+				$related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
+			}
+		}
+		return $related_model_object;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
+	 * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
+	 * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @return int how many deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$count = $this->get_model()->delete_related($this, $relationName, $query_params);
+		} else {
+			$count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		}
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
+	 * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
+	 * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related_permanently($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$count = $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently($this, $relationName, $query_params);
+		} else {
+			$count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
+		}
+		$this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * is_set
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
+	 *
+	 * @access  public
+	 * @param  string $field_name property to check
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
+	 */
+	public function is_set($field_name)
+	{
+		return isset($this->_fields[$field_name]);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
+	 * EE_Error exception if they don't
+	 *
+	 * @param  mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
+	 */
+	protected function _property_exists($properties)
+	{
+		foreach ((array)$properties as $property_name) {
+			//first make sure this property exists
+			if ( ! $this->_fields[$property_name]) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						__(
+							'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$property_name
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function model_field_array()
+	{
+		$fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		$properties = array();
+		//remove prepended underscore
+		foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
+			$properties[$field_name] = $this->get($field_name);
+		}
+		return $properties;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
+	 * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
+	 * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments. Instead of
+	 * requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that
+	 * happen?) they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}' (eg,
+	 * filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function) and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function
+	 * was called, and an array of the original arguments passed to the function. Whatever their callback function
+	 * returns will be returned by this function. Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
+	 * add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3); function
+	 * my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
+	 * $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
+	 *        return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
+	 * }
+	 * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
+	 * $answer= EE_Answer::new_instance(array('REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'));
+	 * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
+	 * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
+	 *
+	 * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
+	 * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
+	 */
+	public function __call($methodName, $args)
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		$tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
+		if ( ! has_filter($tagName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						"Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
+						"event_espresso"
+					),
+					$methodName,
+					$className,
+					$tagName
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
+	 * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed $meta_value
+	 * @param mixed $previous_value
+	 * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
+	 */
+	public function update_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			),
+		);
+		if ($previous_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		$existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+		if ( ! $existing_rows_like_that) {
+			return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
+		}
+		foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
+			$existing_row->save(array('EXM_value' => $meta_value));
+		}
+		return count($existing_rows_like_that);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
+	 * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
+	 * extra meta row was entered, false if not
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed $meta_value
+	 * @param boolean $unique
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false)
+	{
+		if ($unique) {
+			$existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
+				array(
+					array(
+						'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+						'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+						'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					),
+				)
+			);
+			if ($existing_extra_meta) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		$new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
+				'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
+				'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			)
+		);
+		$new_extra_meta->save();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
+	 * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed $meta_value
+	 * @return int number of extra meta rows deleted
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			),
+		);
+		if ($meta_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
+	 * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
+	 * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $meta_key
+	 * @param boolean $single
+	 * @param mixed   $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
+	 * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_extra_meta($meta_key, $single = false, $default = null)
+	{
+		if ($single) {
+			$result = $this->get_first_related('Extra_Meta', array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key)));
+			if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+				return $result->value();
+			}
+		} else {
+			$results = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key)));
+			if ($results) {
+				$values = array();
+				foreach ($results as $result) {
+					if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+						$values[$result->ID()] = $result->value();
+					}
+				}
+				return $values;
+			}
+		}
+		//if nothing discovered yet return default.
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
+			$default,
+			$meta_key,
+			$single,
+			$this
+			);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
+	 * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
+	 * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
+	 * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
+	 * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
+	 * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $one_of_each_key
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function all_extra_meta_array($one_of_each_key = true)
+	{
+		$return_array = array();
+		if ($one_of_each_key) {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', array('group_by' => 'EXM_key'));
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					$return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					if ( ! isset($return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()])) {
+						$return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()] = array();
+					}
+					$return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()][$extra_meta_obj->ID()] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $return_array;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		//find a field that's not a text field
+		$field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
+		if ($field_we_can_use) {
+			return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
+		} else {
+			$first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
+			$first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
+			$name_parts = array();
+			foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
+				$name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
+			}
+			return implode(",", $name_parts);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * in_entity_map
+	 * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function in_entity_map()
+	{
+		if ($this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this) {
+			//well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * refresh_from_db
+	 * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
+	 * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
+	 */
+	public function refresh_from_db()
+	{
+		if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
+			$this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
+		} else {
+			//if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
+			//if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
+			//that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
+			//absolutely nothing in it for this ID
+			if (WP_DEBUG) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						__('Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
+							'event_espresso'),
+						$this->ID(),
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the money field's amount in subunits (and if the currency has no subunits, gets it in the main units)
+	 * @param string $money_field_name
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws InvalidEntityException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function moneyInSubunits($money_field_name)
+	{
+		return $this->getMoneyObject($money_field_name)->amountInSubunits();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the money field's amount based on the incoming monetary subunits (eg pennies). If the currency has no subunits,
+	 * the amount is actually assumed to be in the currency's main units
+	 * @param string $money_field_name
+	 * @param int $amount_in_subunits
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function setMoneySubunits($money_field_name,$amount_in_subunits)
+	{
+		$money = $this->money_factory->createFromSubUnits(
+			$amount_in_subunits,
+			EE_Config::instance()->currency->code
+		);
+		$this->set($money_field_name, $money);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
+	 * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function __toString()
+	{
+		try {
+			return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
+	 * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
+	 * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
+	 * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
+	 * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
+	 * Eg, the following won't work:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $reg->attendee()->save();
+	 * And would need to be replace with:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $att->save();
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __sleep()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
+				if (
+					$this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
+					&& $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
+				) {
+					$this->clear_cache($relation_name, $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID());
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = array();
+		$properties_to_serialize = get_object_vars($this);
+		//don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
+		unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
+		return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+	 * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
+	 * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
+	 * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
+	 */
+	public function __wakeup()
+	{
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
+	}
 
 
 

Spacing +25 added lines, -25 removed lines

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ 
         $date_formats = array(),
         MoneyFactory $money_factory = null
     ) {
-        if (! $money_factory instanceof MoneyFactory) {
+        if ( ! $money_factory instanceof MoneyFactory) {
             $money_factory = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\currency\MoneyFactory');
         }
         $this->money_factory = $money_factory;
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ 
             list($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt) = $date_formats;
         } else {
             //set default formats for date and time
-            $this->_dt_frmt = (string)get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
-            $this->_tm_frmt = (string)get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
+            $this->_dt_frmt = (string) get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
+            $this->_tm_frmt = (string) get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
         }
         //if db model is instantiating
         if ($bydb) {
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_format($full = true)
     {
-        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
+        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt.' '.$this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
     }
 
 
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ 
         $model = $this->get_model();
         $model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
         $cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
-        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
+        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_'.$extra_cache_ref : '';
         if (isset($this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type])) {
             return $this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type];
         }
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ 
         $current_cache_id = ''
     ) {
         // verify that incoming object is of the correct type
-        $obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
+        $obj_class = 'EE_'.$relationName;
         if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
             /* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
             // now get the type of relation
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ 
     public function get_raw($field_name)
     {
         $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        switch(true){
+        switch (true) {
             case $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime:
                 $value = $this->_fields[$field_name]->format('U');
                 break;
@@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ 
     {
         $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
         $value = isset($this->_fields[$field_name]) ? $this->_fields[$field_name] : null;
-        if (! $field instanceof EE_Money_Field
+        if ( ! $field instanceof EE_Money_Field
             || ! $value instanceof Money) {
             throw new InvalidEntityException(
                 get_class($value),
@@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_f($field_name)
     {
-        return (string)$this->get_pretty($field_name,'form_input');
+        return (string) $this->get_pretty($field_name, 'form_input');
     }
 
 
@@ -1395,7 +1395,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
     {
-        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
+        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt.' '.$this->_tm_frmt : $format;
         return date_i18n(
             $format,
             EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset($this->get_raw($field_name), $this->_timezone)
@@ -1537,8 +1537,8 @@ 
         }
         $original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
         $this->set_timezone($timezone);
-        $fn = (array)$field_name;
-        $args = array_merge($fn, (array)$args);
+        $fn = (array) $field_name;
+        $args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
         if ( ! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
@@ -1550,8 +1550,8 @@ 
                 )
             );
         }
-        $args = (array)$args;
-        $return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
+        $args = (array) $args;
+        $return = $prepend.call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args).$append;
         $this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
         return $return;
     }
@@ -1690,14 +1690,14 @@ 
          * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
          * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
          */
-        $set_cols_n_values = (array)apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values', $set_cols_n_values,
+        $set_cols_n_values = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values', $set_cols_n_values,
             $this);
         //set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
         foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
             $this->set($column, $value);
         }
         // no changes ? then don't do anything
-        if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+        if ( ! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
             return 0;
         }
         /**
@@ -1749,8 +1749,8 @@ 
                                 __('Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
                                     'event_espresso'),
                                 get_class($this),
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
+                                get_class($model).'::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+                                get_class($model).'::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
                                 '<br />'
                             )
                         );
@@ -1883,7 +1883,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_model()
     {
-        if( ! $this->_model){
+        if ( ! $this->_model) {
             $modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
             $this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
         } else {
@@ -2030,7 +2030,7 @@ 
         if (strpos($model_name, "EE_") === 0) {
             $model_classname = str_replace("EE_", "EEM_", $model_name);
         } else {
-            $model_classname = "EEM_" . $model_name;
+            $model_classname = "EEM_".$model_name;
         }
         return $model_classname;
     }
@@ -2417,7 +2417,7 @@ 
      */
     protected function _property_exists($properties)
     {
-        foreach ((array)$properties as $property_name) {
+        foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
             //first make sure this property exists
             if ( ! $this->_fields[$property_name]) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
@@ -2757,8 +2757,8 @@ 
                         __('Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
                             'event_espresso'),
                         $this->ID(),
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
+                        get_class($this->get_model()).'::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+                        get_class($this->get_model()).'::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
                     )
                 );
             }
@@ -2788,7 +2788,7 @@ 
      * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
      * @throws EE_Error
      */
-    public function setMoneySubunits($money_field_name,$amount_in_subunits)
+    public function setMoneySubunits($money_field_name, $amount_in_subunits)
     {
         $money = $this->money_factory->createFromSubUnits(
             $amount_in_subunits,
@@ -2850,7 +2850,7 @@ 
         $model = $this->get_model();
         foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
             if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
+                $classname = 'EE_'.$model->get_this_model_name();
                 if (
                     $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
                     && $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()

core/db_classes/EE_Payment.class.php

Doc Comments +3 added lines, -3 removed lines

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ 
 	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
 	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
 	 *                                        used.)
-	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 * @param string[]  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
 	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
 	 * @return EE_Payment
 	 * @throws EE_Error
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ 
 	 * Gets all the extra meta info on this payment
 	 *
 	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-	 * @return EE_Extra_Meta
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function extra_meta( $query_params = array() ) {
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ 
 
     /**
      * Returns the payment's transaction's primary registration
-     * @return EE_Registration|null
+     * @return EE_Base_Class|null
      * @throws EE_Error
      */
     public function get_primary_registration()

Indentation +100 added lines, -100 removed lines

@@ -449,16 +449,16 @@ 
 	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * returns a pretty version of the status, good for displaying to users
-     *
-     * @param bool $show_icons
-     * @return string
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
+	/**
+	 * returns a pretty version of the status, good for displaying to users
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $show_icons
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
 	public function pretty_status( $show_icons = false ) {
 		$status = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(
 			array( $this->STS_ID() => __( 'unknown', 'event_espresso' ) ),
@@ -667,11 +667,11 @@ 
 				$redirect_url = str_replace( '?' . $querystring, '', $redirect_url );
 			}
 			$form = EEH_HTML::nl( 1 )
-			        . '<form method="'
-			        . $method
-			        . '" name="gateway_form" action="'
-			        . $redirect_url
-			        . '">';
+					. '<form method="'
+					. $method
+					. '" name="gateway_form" action="'
+					. $redirect_url
+					. '">';
 			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl( 1 ) . $this->redirect_args_as_inputs();
 			$form .= $inside_form_html;
 			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl( -1 ) . '</form>' . EEH_HTML::nl( -1 );
@@ -708,11 +708,11 @@ 
 		if ( $args !== null && is_array( $args ) ) {
 			foreach ( $args as $name => $value ) {
 				$html .= EEH_HTML::nl( 0 )
-				         . '<input type="hidden" name="'
-				         . $name
-				         . '" value="'
-				         . esc_attr( $value )
-				         . '"/>';
+						 . '<input type="hidden" name="'
+						 . $name
+						 . '" value="'
+						 . esc_attr( $value )
+						 . '"/>';
 			}
 		}
 		return $html;
@@ -811,86 +811,86 @@ 
 	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the first event for this payment (it's possible that it could be for multiple)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Event|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_first_event()
-    {
-        $transaction = $this->transaction();
-        if ($transaction instanceof EE_Transaction) {
-            $primary_registrant = $transaction->primary_registration();
-            if ($primary_registrant instanceof EE_Registration) {
-                return $primary_registrant->event_obj();
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the name of the first event for which is being paid
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_first_event_name()
-    {
-        $event = $this->get_first_event();
-        return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : __('Event', 'event_espresso');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the payment's transaction's primary registration
-     * @return EE_Registration|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_primary_registration()
-    {
-        if ($this->transaction() instanceof EE_Transaction) {
-            return $this->transaction()->primary_registration();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the payment's transaction's primary registration's attendee, or null
-     * @return EE_Attendee|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_primary_attendee()
-    {
-        $primary_reg = $this->get_primary_registration();
-        if( $primary_reg instanceof EE_Registration) {
-            return $primary_reg->attendee();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the payment's amount in subunits (if the currency has subunits; otherwise this will actually be
-     * in the currency's main units)
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public function amountInSubunits()
-    {
-        return $this->moneyInSubunits('PAY_amount');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the payment's amount based on the incoming monetary subunits (eg pennies). If the currency has no subunits,
-     * the amount is actually assumed to be in the currency's main units
-     * @param int $amount_in_subunits
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function setAmountInSubunits($amount_in_subunits)
-    {
-        $this->setMoneySubunits('PAY_amount', $amount_in_subunits);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first event for this payment (it's possible that it could be for multiple)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Event|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_first_event()
+	{
+		$transaction = $this->transaction();
+		if ($transaction instanceof EE_Transaction) {
+			$primary_registrant = $transaction->primary_registration();
+			if ($primary_registrant instanceof EE_Registration) {
+				return $primary_registrant->event_obj();
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the name of the first event for which is being paid
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_first_event_name()
+	{
+		$event = $this->get_first_event();
+		return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : __('Event', 'event_espresso');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the payment's transaction's primary registration
+	 * @return EE_Registration|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_primary_registration()
+	{
+		if ($this->transaction() instanceof EE_Transaction) {
+			return $this->transaction()->primary_registration();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the payment's transaction's primary registration's attendee, or null
+	 * @return EE_Attendee|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_primary_attendee()
+	{
+		$primary_reg = $this->get_primary_registration();
+		if( $primary_reg instanceof EE_Registration) {
+			return $primary_reg->attendee();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the payment's amount in subunits (if the currency has subunits; otherwise this will actually be
+	 * in the currency's main units)
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public function amountInSubunits()
+	{
+		return $this->moneyInSubunits('PAY_amount');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the payment's amount based on the incoming monetary subunits (eg pennies). If the currency has no subunits,
+	 * the amount is actually assumed to be in the currency's main units
+	 * @param int $amount_in_subunits
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function setAmountInSubunits($amount_in_subunits)
+	{
+		$this->setMoneySubunits('PAY_amount', $amount_in_subunits);
+	}
 }
 /* End of file EE_Payment.class.php */
 /* Location: /includes/classes/EE_Payment.class.php */

Spacing +104 added lines, -104 removed lines

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ 
 use EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidDataTypeException;
 use EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidInterfaceException;
 
-if ( ! defined( 'EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION' ) ) {
-	exit( 'No direct script access allowed' );
+if ( ! defined('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION')) {
+	exit('No direct script access allowed');
 }
 
 /**
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ 
 	 * @return EE_Payment
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public static function new_instance( $props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array() ) {
-		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object( $props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats );
-		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self( $props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats );
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array()) {
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
 	}
 
 
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ 
 	 * @return EE_Payment
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public static function new_instance_from_db( $props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null ) {
-		return new self( $props_n_values, true, $timezone );
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null) {
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
 	}
 
 
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ 
 	 * @param int $TXN_ID
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_transaction_id( $TXN_ID = 0 ) {
-		$this->set( 'TXN_ID', $TXN_ID );
+	public function set_transaction_id($TXN_ID = 0) {
+		$this->set('TXN_ID', $TXN_ID);
 	}
 
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function transaction() {
-		return $this->get_first_related( 'Transaction' );
+		return $this->get_first_related('Transaction');
 	}
 
 
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ 
 	 * @param string $STS_ID
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_status( $STS_ID = '' ) {
-		$this->set( 'STS_ID', $STS_ID );
+	public function set_status($STS_ID = '') {
+		$this->set('STS_ID', $STS_ID);
 	}
 
 
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ 
 	 * @param int $timestamp
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_timestamp( $timestamp = 0 ) {
-		$this->set( 'PAY_timestamp', $timestamp );
+	public function set_timestamp($timestamp = 0) {
+		$this->set('PAY_timestamp', $timestamp);
 	}
 
 
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ 
 	 * @param string $PAY_source
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_source( $PAY_source = '' ) {
-		$this->set( 'PAY_source', $PAY_source );
+	public function set_source($PAY_source = '') {
+		$this->set('PAY_source', $PAY_source);
 	}
 
 
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ 
 	 * @param float $amount
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_amount( $amount = 0.00 ) {
-		$this->set( 'PAY_amount', (float)$amount );
+	public function set_amount($amount = 0.00) {
+		$this->set('PAY_amount', (float) $amount);
 	}
 
 
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ 
 	 * @param string $gateway_response
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_gateway_response( $gateway_response = '' ) {
-		$this->set( 'PAY_gateway_response', $gateway_response );
+	public function set_gateway_response($gateway_response = '') {
+		$this->set('PAY_gateway_response', $gateway_response);
 	}
 
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ 
 			),
 			'4.6.0'
 		);
-		return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : __( 'Unknown', 'event_espresso' );
+		return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : __('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
 	}
 
 
@@ -164,8 +164,8 @@ 
 	 * @param string $txn_id_chq_nmbr
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_txn_id_chq_nmbr( $txn_id_chq_nmbr = '' ) {
-		$this->set( 'PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr', $txn_id_chq_nmbr );
+	public function set_txn_id_chq_nmbr($txn_id_chq_nmbr = '') {
+		$this->set('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr', $txn_id_chq_nmbr);
 	}
 
 
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ 
 	 * @param string $po_number
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_po_number( $po_number = '' ) {
-		$this->set( 'PAY_po_number', $po_number );
+	public function set_po_number($po_number = '') {
+		$this->set('PAY_po_number', $po_number);
 	}
 
 
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ 
 	 * @param string $extra_accntng
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_extra_accntng( $extra_accntng = '' ) {
-		$this->set( 'PAY_extra_accntng', $extra_accntng );
+	public function set_extra_accntng($extra_accntng = '') {
+		$this->set('PAY_extra_accntng', $extra_accntng);
 	}
 
 
@@ -203,11 +203,11 @@ 
 	 * @param bool $via_admin
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_payment_made_via_admin( $via_admin = false ) {
-		if ( $via_admin ) {
-			$this->set( 'PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin );
+	public function set_payment_made_via_admin($via_admin = false) {
+		if ($via_admin) {
+			$this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
 		} else {
-			$this->set( 'PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart );
+			$this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -220,13 +220,13 @@ 
 	 * @param string|array $details
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_details( $details = '' ) {
-		if ( is_array( $details ) ) {
-			array_walk_recursive( $details, array( $this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array' ) );
+	public function set_details($details = '') {
+		if (is_array($details)) {
+			array_walk_recursive($details, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
 		} else {
-			$details = wp_strip_all_tags( $details );
+			$details = wp_strip_all_tags($details);
 		}
-		$this->set( 'PAY_details', $details );
+		$this->set('PAY_details', $details);
 	}
 
 
@@ -237,8 +237,8 @@ 
 	 * @param string $redirect_url
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_redirect_url( $redirect_url ) {
-		$this->set( 'PAY_redirect_url', $redirect_url );
+	public function set_redirect_url($redirect_url) {
+		$this->set('PAY_redirect_url', $redirect_url);
 	}
 
 
@@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ 
 	 * @param array $redirect_args
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function set_redirect_args( $redirect_args ) {
-		$this->set( 'PAY_redirect_args', $redirect_args );
+	public function set_redirect_args($redirect_args) {
+		$this->set('PAY_redirect_args', $redirect_args);
 	}
 
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function TXN_ID() {
-		return $this->get( 'TXN_ID' );
+		return $this->get('TXN_ID');
 	}
 
 
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function status() {
-		return $this->get( 'STS_ID' );
+		return $this->get('STS_ID');
 	}
 
 
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function STS_ID() {
-		return $this->get( 'STS_ID' );
+		return $this->get('STS_ID');
 	}
 
 
@@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ 
 	 * @return string
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function timestamp( $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '' ) {
-		return $this->get_i18n_datetime( 'PAY_timestamp', trim( $dt_frmt . ' ' . $tm_frmt) );
+	public function timestamp($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '') {
+		return $this->get_i18n_datetime('PAY_timestamp', trim($dt_frmt.' '.$tm_frmt));
 	}
 
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function source() {
-		return $this->get( 'PAY_source' );
+		return $this->get('PAY_source');
 	}
 
 
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function amount() {
-		return (float)$this->get( 'PAY_amount' );
+		return (float) $this->get('PAY_amount');
 	}
 
 
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function amount_no_code() {
-		return $this->get_pretty( 'PAY_amount', 'no_currency_code' );
+		return $this->get_pretty('PAY_amount', 'no_currency_code');
 	}
 
 
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function gateway_response() {
-		return $this->get( 'PAY_gateway_response' );
+		return $this->get('PAY_gateway_response');
 	}
 
 
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function txn_id_chq_nmbr() {
-		return $this->get( 'PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr' );
+		return $this->get('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr');
 	}
 
 
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function po_number() {
-		return $this->get( 'PAY_po_number' );
+		return $this->get('PAY_po_number');
 	}
 
 
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function extra_accntng() {
-		return $this->get( 'PAY_extra_accntng' );
+		return $this->get('PAY_extra_accntng');
 	}
 
 
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function payment_made_via_admin() {
-		return ( $this->get( 'PAY_source' ) === EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin );
+		return ($this->get('PAY_source') === EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
 	}
 
 
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function details() {
-		return $this->get( 'PAY_details' );
+		return $this->get('PAY_details');
 	}
 
 
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function redirect_url() {
-		return $this->get( 'PAY_redirect_url' );
+		return $this->get('PAY_redirect_url');
 	}
 
 
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function redirect_args() {
-		return $this->get( 'PAY_redirect_args' );
+		return $this->get('PAY_redirect_args');
 	}
 
 
@@ -444,8 +444,8 @@ 
 	 * @return void
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function e_pretty_status( $show_icons = false ) {
-		echo $this->pretty_status( $show_icons );
+	public function e_pretty_status($show_icons = false) {
+		echo $this->pretty_status($show_icons);
 	}
 
 
@@ -459,14 +459,14 @@ 
      * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
      * @throws EE_Error
      */
-	public function pretty_status( $show_icons = false ) {
+	public function pretty_status($show_icons = false) {
 		$status = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(
-			array( $this->STS_ID() => __( 'unknown', 'event_espresso' ) ),
+			array($this->STS_ID() => __('unknown', 'event_espresso')),
 			false,
 			'sentence'
 		);
 		$icon = '';
-		switch ( $this->STS_ID() ) {
+		switch ($this->STS_ID()) {
 			case EEM_Payment::status_id_approved:
 				$icon = $show_icons
 					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-yes ee-icon-size-24 green-text"></span>'
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ 
 					: '';
 				break;
 		}
-		return $icon . $status[ $this->STS_ID() ];
+		return $icon.$status[$this->STS_ID()];
 	}
 
 
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function is_approved() {
-		return $this->status_is( EEM_Payment::status_id_approved );
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_approved);
 	}
 
 
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ 
 	 * @return boolean whether the status of this payment equals the status id
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	protected function status_is( $STS_ID ) {
+	protected function status_is($STS_ID) {
 		return $STS_ID === $this->STS_ID() ? true : false;
 	}
 
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function is_pending() {
-		return $this->status_is( EEM_Payment::status_id_pending );
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_pending);
 	}
 
 
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function is_cancelled() {
-		return $this->status_is( EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled );
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled);
 	}
 
 
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function is_declined() {
-		return $this->status_is( EEM_Payment::status_id_declined );
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_declined);
 	}
 
 
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function is_failed() {
-		return $this->status_is( EEM_Payment::status_id_failed );
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_failed);
 	}
 
 
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function status_obj() {
-		return $this->get_first_related( 'Status' );
+		return $this->get_first_related('Status');
 	}
 
 
@@ -599,8 +599,8 @@ 
 	 * @return EE_Extra_Meta
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function extra_meta( $query_params = array() ) {
-		return $this->get_many_related( 'Extra_Meta', $query_params );
+	public function extra_meta($query_params = array()) {
+		return $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
 	}
 
 
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function payment_method() {
-		return $this->get_first_related( 'Payment_Method' );
+		return $this->get_first_related('Payment_Method');
 	}
 
 
@@ -632,18 +632,18 @@ 
 	 * @return string html
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function redirect_form( $inside_form_html = null ) {
+	public function redirect_form($inside_form_html = null) {
 		$redirect_url = $this->redirect_url();
-		if ( ! empty( $redirect_url ) ) {
+		if ( ! empty($redirect_url)) {
 			// what ? no inner form content?
-			if ( $inside_form_html === null ) {
+			if ($inside_form_html === null) {
 				$inside_form_html = EEH_HTML::p(
 					sprintf(
 						__(
 							'If you are not automatically redirected to the payment website within 10 seconds... %1$s %2$s Click Here %3$s',
 							'event_espresso'
 						),
-						EEH_HTML::br( 2 ),
+						EEH_HTML::br(2),
 						'<input type="submit" value="',
 						'">'
 					),
@@ -659,22 +659,22 @@ 
 			);
 			//if it's a GET request, we need to remove all the GET params in the querystring
 			//and put them into the form instead
-			if ( $method === 'GET' ) {
-				$querystring = parse_url( $redirect_url, PHP_URL_QUERY );
+			if ($method === 'GET') {
+				$querystring = parse_url($redirect_url, PHP_URL_QUERY);
 				$get_params = null;
-				parse_str( $querystring, $get_params );
-				$inside_form_html .= $this->_args_as_inputs( $get_params );
-				$redirect_url = str_replace( '?' . $querystring, '', $redirect_url );
+				parse_str($querystring, $get_params);
+				$inside_form_html .= $this->_args_as_inputs($get_params);
+				$redirect_url = str_replace('?'.$querystring, '', $redirect_url);
 			}
-			$form = EEH_HTML::nl( 1 )
+			$form = EEH_HTML::nl(1)
 			        . '<form method="'
 			        . $method
 			        . '" name="gateway_form" action="'
 			        . $redirect_url
 			        . '">';
-			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl( 1 ) . $this->redirect_args_as_inputs();
+			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl(1).$this->redirect_args_as_inputs();
 			$form .= $inside_form_html;
-			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl( -1 ) . '</form>' . EEH_HTML::nl( -1 );
+			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl( -1 ).'</form>'.EEH_HTML::nl( -1 );
 			return $form;
 		} else {
 			return null;
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ 
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
 	public function redirect_args_as_inputs() {
-		return $this->_args_as_inputs( $this->redirect_args() );
+		return $this->_args_as_inputs($this->redirect_args());
 	}
 
 
@@ -703,15 +703,15 @@ 
 	 * @param array $args key-value pairs
 	 * @return string
 	 */
-	protected function _args_as_inputs( $args ) {
+	protected function _args_as_inputs($args) {
 		$html = '';
-		if ( $args !== null && is_array( $args ) ) {
-			foreach ( $args as $name => $value ) {
-				$html .= EEH_HTML::nl( 0 )
+		if ($args !== null && is_array($args)) {
+			foreach ($args as $name => $value) {
+				$html .= EEH_HTML::nl(0)
 				         . '<input type="hidden" name="'
 				         . $name
 				         . '" value="'
-				         . esc_attr( $value )
+				         . esc_attr($value)
 				         . '"/>';
 			}
 		}
@@ -740,14 +740,14 @@ 
 	 * @access private
 	 * @param mixed $item
 	 */
-	private function _strip_all_tags_within_array( &$item ) {
-		if ( is_object( $item ) ) {
-			$item = (array)$item;
+	private function _strip_all_tags_within_array(&$item) {
+		if (is_object($item)) {
+			$item = (array) $item;
 		}
-		if ( is_array( $item ) ) {
-			array_walk_recursive( $item, array( $this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array' ) );
+		if (is_array($item)) {
+			array_walk_recursive($item, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
 		} else {
-			$item = wp_strip_all_tags( $item );
+			$item = wp_strip_all_tags($item);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ 
 		$original_status = EEH_Array::is_set(
 			$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor,
 			'STS_ID',
-			$this->get_model()->field_settings_for( 'STS_ID' )->get_default_value()
+			$this->get_model()->field_settings_for('STS_ID')->get_default_value()
 		);
 		$current_status = $this->status();
 		if (
@@ -790,11 +790,11 @@ 
 	 * @return mixed
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function get_pretty( $field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null ) {
-		if ( $field_name === 'PAY_gateway' ) {
-			return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : __( 'Unknown', 'event_espresso' );
+	public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null) {
+		if ($field_name === 'PAY_gateway') {
+			return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : __('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
 		}
-		return $this->_get_cached_property( $field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref );
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
 	}
 
 
@@ -806,8 +806,8 @@ 
 	 * @return EE_Registration_Payment[]
 	 * @throws EE_Error
 	 */
-	public function registration_payments( $query_params = array() ) {
-		return $this->get_many_related( 'Registration_Payment', $query_params );
+	public function registration_payments($query_params = array()) {
+		return $this->get_many_related('Registration_Payment', $query_params);
 	}
 
 
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ 
     public function get_primary_attendee()
     {
         $primary_reg = $this->get_primary_registration();
-        if( $primary_reg instanceof EE_Registration) {
+        if ($primary_reg instanceof EE_Registration) {
             return $primary_reg->attendee();
         }
         return null;

core/libraries/payment_methods/EE_PMT_Base.lib.php

Indentation +757 added lines, -757 removed lines

@@ -29,763 +29,763 @@
 abstract class EE_PMT_Base
 {
 
-    const onsite = 'on-site';
-    const offsite = 'off-site';
-    const offline = 'off-line';
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Payment_Method
-     */
-    protected $_pm_instance = NULL;
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean
-     */
-    protected $_requires_https = FALSE;
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean
-     */
-    protected $_has_billing_form;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Gateway
-     */
-    protected $_gateway = NULL;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Payment_Method_Form
-     */
-    protected $_settings_form = NULL;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Form_Section_Proper
-     */
-    protected $_billing_form = NULL;
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean
-     */
-    protected $_cache_billing_form = TRUE;
-
-    /**
-     * String of the absolute path to the folder containing this file, with a trailing slash.
-     * eg '/public_html/wp-site/wp-content/plugins/event-espresso/payment_methods/Invoice/'
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_file_folder = NULL;
-
-    /**
-     * String to the absolute URL to this file (useful for getting its web-accessible resources
-     * like images, js, or css)
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_file_url = NULL;
-
-    /**
-     * Pretty name for the payment method
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_pretty_name = NULL;
-
-    /**
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_default_button_url = NULL;
-
-    /**
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_default_description = NULL;
-
-    /**
-     * @var MoneyFactory
-     */
-    protected $money_factory;
-
-    /**
-     * @var CurrencyFactory
-     */
-    protected $currency_factory;
-
-
-    /**
-     *
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method $pm_instance
-     * @param MoneyFactory|null $money_factory
-     * @param CurrencyFactory $currency_factory
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidEntityException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __construct(
-        $pm_instance = NULL,
-        MoneyFactory $money_factory = null,
-        CurrencyFactory $currency_factory = null
-    ) {
-        if (! $money_factory instanceof  MoneyFactory) {
-            $money_factory = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\currency\MoneyFactory');
-        }
-        if (! $currency_factory instanceof  CurrencyFactory) {
-            $currency_factory = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\currency\CurrencyFactory');
-        }
-        $this->currency_factory = $currency_factory;
-        $this->money_factory = $money_factory;
-        if ($pm_instance instanceof EE_Payment_Method) {
-            $this->set_instance($pm_instance);
-        }
-        if ($this->_gateway) {
-            $this->_gateway->set_payment_model(EEM_Payment::instance());
-            $this->_gateway->set_payment_log(EEM_Change_Log::instance());
-            $this->_gateway->set_template_helper(new EEH_Template());
-            $this->_gateway->set_line_item_helper(new EEH_Line_Item());
-            $this->_gateway->set_money_helper(new EEH_Money());
-            $this->_gateway->set_gateway_data_formatter(new GatewayDataFormatter());
-            $this->_gateway->set_unsupported_character_remover(new AsciiOnly());
-            do_action('AHEE__EE_PMT_Base___construct__done_initializing_gateway_class', $this, $this->_gateway);
-        }
-        if (!isset($this->_has_billing_form)) {
-            // by default, On Site gateways have a billing form
-            if ($this->payment_occurs() == EE_PMT_Base::onsite) {
-                $this->set_has_billing_form(true);
-            } else {
-                $this->set_has_billing_form(false);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!$this->_pretty_name) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You must set the pretty name for the Payment Method Type in the constructor (_pretty_name), and please make it internationalized", "event_espresso")));
-        }
-        //if the child didn't specify a default button, use the credit card one
-        if ($this->_default_button_url === NULL) {
-            $this->_default_button_url = EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'payment_methods' . DS . 'pay-by-credit-card.png';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param boolean $has_billing_form
-     */
-    public function set_has_billing_form($has_billing_form)
-    {
-        $this->_has_billing_form = filter_var($has_billing_form, FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets the file_folder property
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _set_file_folder()
-    {
-        $reflector = new ReflectionClass(get_class($this));
-        $fn = $reflector->getFileName();
-        $this->_file_folder = dirname($fn) . DS;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets the file URL with a trailing slash for this PMT
-     */
-    protected function _set_file_url()
-    {
-        $plugins_dir_fixed = str_replace('\\', DS, WP_PLUGIN_DIR);
-        $file_folder_fixed = str_replace('\\', DS, $this->file_folder());
-        $file_path = str_replace($plugins_dir_fixed, WP_PLUGIN_URL, $file_folder_fixed);
-        $this->_file_url = $file_path;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the default description on all payment methods of this type
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function default_description()
-    {
-        return $this->_default_description;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the folder containing the PMT child class, with a trailing slash
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function file_folder()
-    {
-        if (!$this->_file_folder) {
-            $this->_set_file_folder();
-        }
-        return $this->_file_folder;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function file_url()
-    {
-        if (!$this->_file_url) {
-            $this->_set_file_url();
-        }
-        return $this->_file_url;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the payment method instance this payment method type is for.
-     * Its important teh payment method instance is set before
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method_instance
-     */
-    function set_instance($payment_method_instance)
-    {
-        $this->_pm_instance = $payment_method_instance;
-        //if they have already requested the settings form, make sure its
-        //data matches this model object
-        if ($this->_settings_form) {
-            $this->settings_form()->populate_model_obj($payment_method_instance);
-        }
-        if ($this->_gateway && $this->_gateway instanceof EE_Gateway) {
-            $this->_gateway->set_settings($payment_method_instance->settings_array());
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets teh form for displaying to admins where they setup the payment method
-     * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    function settings_form()
-    {
-        if (!$this->_settings_form) {
-            $this->_settings_form = $this->generate_new_settings_form();
-            $this->_settings_form->set_payment_method_type($this);
-            //if we have already assigned a model object to this pmt, make
-            //sure its reflected in teh form we just generated
-            if ($this->_pm_instance) {
-                $this->_settings_form->populate_model_obj($this->_pm_instance);
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_settings_form;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the form for all the settings related to this payment method type
-     * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
-     */
-    abstract function generate_new_settings_form();
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the form for settings. This may be useful if we have already received
-     * a form submission and have form data it in, and want to use it anytime we're showing
-     * this payment method type's settings form later in the request
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method_Form $form
-     */
-    public function set_settings_form($form)
-    {
-        $this->_settings_form = $form;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function has_billing_form()
-    {
-        return $this->_has_billing_form;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the form for displaying to attendees where they can enter their billing info
-     * which will be sent to teh gateway (can be null)
-     *
-     * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
-     * @param array $extra_args
-     * @return EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form|EE_Billing_Info_Form|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = NULL, $extra_args = array())
-    {
-        // has billing form already been regenerated ? or overwrite cache?
-        if (!$this->_billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Info_Form || !$this->_cache_billing_form) {
-            $this->_billing_form = $this->generate_new_billing_form($transaction, $extra_args);
-        }
-        //if we know who the attendee is, and this is a billing form
-        //that uses attendee info, populate it
-        if (
-        apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__populate_billing_form_fields_from_attendee',
-            (
-                $this->_billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form
-                && $transaction instanceof EE_Transaction
-                && $transaction->primary_registration() instanceof EE_Registration
-                && $transaction->primary_registration()->attendee() instanceof EE_Attendee
-            ),
-            $this->_billing_form,
-            $transaction
-        )
-        ) {
-            $this->_billing_form->populate_from_attendee($transaction->primary_registration()->attendee());
-        }
-        return $this->_billing_form;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Creates the billing form for this payment method type
-     * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
-     * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form
-     */
-    abstract function generate_new_billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = NULL);
-
-
-    /**
-     * apply_billing_form_debug_settings
-     * applies debug data to the form
-     *
-     * @param EE_Billing_Info_Form $billing_form
-     * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form
-     */
-    public function apply_billing_form_debug_settings(EE_Billing_Info_Form $billing_form)
-    {
-        return $billing_form;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the billing form for this payment method type. You may want to use this
-     * if you have form
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method $form
-     */
-    public function set_billing_form($form)
-    {
-        $this->_billing_form = $form;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether or not this payment method requires HTTPS to be used
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    function requires_https()
-    {
-        return $this->_requires_https;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *
-     * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
-     * @param float $amount
-     * @param EE_Billing_Info_Form $billing_info
-     * @param string $return_url
-     * @param string $fail_url
-     * @param string $method
-     * @param bool $by_admin
-     * @return EE_Payment
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    function process_payment(EE_Transaction $transaction, $amount = null, $billing_info = null, $return_url = null, $fail_url = '', $method = 'CART', $by_admin = false)
-    {
-        // @todo: add surcharge for the payment method, if any
-        if ($this->_gateway) {
-            //there is a gateway, so we're going to make a payment object
-            //but wait! do they already have a payment in progress that we thought was failed?
-            $duplicate_properties = array(
-                'STS_ID' => EEM_Payment::status_id_failed,
-                'TXN_ID' => $transaction->ID(),
-                'PMD_ID' => $this->_pm_instance->ID(),
-                'PAY_source' => $method,
-                'PAY_amount' => $amount !== null ? $amount : $transaction->remaining(),
-                'PAY_gateway_response' => null,
-            );
-            $payment = EEM_Payment::instance()->get_one(array($duplicate_properties));
-            //if we didn't already have a payment in progress for the same thing,
-            //then we actually want to make a new payment
-            if (!$payment instanceof EE_Payment) {
-                $payment = EE_Payment::new_instance(
-                    array_merge(
-                        $duplicate_properties,
-                        array(
-                            'PAY_timestamp' => time(),
-                            'PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr' => null,
-                            'PAY_po_number' => null,
-                            'PAY_extra_accntng' => null,
-                            'PAY_details' => null,
-                        )
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            //make sure the payment has been saved to show we started it, and so it has an ID should the gateway try to log it
-            $payment->save();
-            $billing_values = $this->_get_billing_values_from_form($billing_info);
-
-            //  Offsite Gateway
-            if ($this->_gateway instanceof EE_Offsite_Gateway) {
-
-                $payment = $this->_gateway->set_redirection_info(
-                    $payment,
-                    $billing_values,
-                    $return_url,
-                    EE_Config::instance()->core->txn_page_url(
-                        array(
-                            'e_reg_url_link' => $transaction->primary_registration()->reg_url_link(),
-                            'ee_payment_method' => $this->_pm_instance->slug()
-                        )
-                    ),
-                    $fail_url
-                );
-                $payment->save();
-                //  Onsite Gateway
-            } elseif ($this->_gateway instanceof EE_Onsite_Gateway) {
-
-                $payment = $this->_gateway->do_direct_payment($payment, $billing_values);
-                $payment->save();
-
-            } else {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __('Gateway for payment method type "%s" is "%s", not a subclass of either EE_Offsite_Gateway or EE_Onsite_Gateway, or null (to indicate NO gateway)', 'event_espresso'),
-                        get_class($this),
-                        gettype($this->_gateway)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-
-        } else {
-            // no gateway provided
-            // there is no payment. Must be an offline gateway
-            // create a payment object anyways, but dont save it
-            $payment = EE_Payment::new_instance(
-                array(
-                    'STS_ID' => EEM_Payment::status_id_pending,
-                    'TXN_ID' => $transaction->ID(),
-                    'PMD_ID' => $transaction->payment_method_ID(),
-                    'PAY_amount' => 0.00,
-                    'PAY_timestamp' => time(),
-                )
-            );
-
-        }
-
-        // if there is billing info, clean it and save it now
-        if ($billing_info instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form) {
-            $this->_save_billing_info_to_attendee($billing_info, $transaction);
-        }
-
-        return $payment;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the values we want to pass onto the gateway. Normally these
-     * are just the 'pretty' values, but there may be times the data may need
-     * a  little massaging. Proper subsections will become arrays of inputs
-     * @param EE_Billing_Info_Form $billing_form
-     * @return array
-     */
-    protected function _get_billing_values_from_form($billing_form)
-    {
-        if ($billing_form instanceof EE_Form_Section_Proper) {
-            return $billing_form->input_pretty_values(true);
-        } else {
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Handles an instant payment notification when the transaction is known (by default).
-     * @param array $req_data
-     * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
-     * @return EE_Payment
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function handle_ipn($req_data, $transaction)
-    {
-        $transaction = EEM_Transaction::instance()->ensure_is_obj($transaction);
-        if (!$this->_gateway instanceof EE_Offsite_Gateway) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Could not handle IPN because '%s' is not an offsite gateway", "event_espresso"), print_r($this->_gateway, TRUE)));
-
-        }
-        $payment = $this->_gateway->handle_payment_update($req_data, $transaction);
-        return $payment;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Saves the billing info onto the attendee of the primary registrant on this transaction, and
-     * cleans it first.
-     * @param EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form $billing_form
-     * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
-     * @return boolean success
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _save_billing_info_to_attendee($billing_form, $transaction)
-    {
-        if (!$transaction || !$transaction instanceof EE_Transaction) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(__("Cannot save billing info because no transaction was specified", "event_espresso"), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return false;
-        }
-        $primary_reg = $transaction->primary_registration();
-        if (!$primary_reg) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(__("Cannot save billing info because the transaction has no primary registration", "event_espresso"), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return false;
-        }
-        $attendee = $primary_reg->attendee();
-        if (!$attendee) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(__("Cannot save billing info because the transaction's primary registration has no attendee!", "event_espresso"), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return false;
-        }
-        return $attendee->save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method($billing_form, $transaction->payment_method());
-
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the payment this IPN is for. Children may often want to
-     * override this to inspect the request
-     * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
-     * @param array $req_data
-     * @return EE_Payment
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function find_payment_for_ipn(EE_Transaction $transaction, $req_data = array())
-    {
-        return $transaction->last_payment();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * In case generic code cannot provide the payment processor with a specific payment method
-     * and transaction, it will try calling this method on each activate payment method.
-     * If the payment method is able to identify the request as being for it, it should fetch
-     * the payment its for and return it. If not, it should throw an EE_Error to indicate it cannot
-     * handle the IPN
-     * @param array $req_data
-     * @return EE_Payment only if this payment method can find the info its needs from $req_data
-     * and identifies the IPN as being for this payment method (not just fo ra payment method of this type)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function handle_unclaimed_ipn($req_data = array())
-    {
-        throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Payment Method '%s' cannot handle unclaimed IPNs", "event_espresso"), get_class($this)));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Logic to be accomplished when the payment attempt is complete.
-     * Most payment methods don't need to do anything at this point; but some, like Mijireh, do.
-     * (Mijireh is an offsite gateway which doesn't send an IPN. So when the user returns to EE from
-     * mijireh, this method needs to be called so the Mijireh PM can ping Mijireh to know the status
-     * of the payment). Fed a transaction because it's always assumed to be the last payment that
-     * we're dealing with. Returns that last payment (if there is one)
-     *
-     * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
-     * @return EE_Payment
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function finalize_payment_for($transaction)
-    {
-        return $transaction->last_payment();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Whether or not this payment method's gateway supports sending refund requests
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function supports_sending_refunds()
-    {
-        if ($this->_gateway && $this->_gateway instanceof EE_Gateway) {
-            return $this->_gateway->supports_sending_refunds();
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *
-     * @param EE_Payment $payment
-     * @param array $refund_info
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Payment
-     */
-    public function process_refund(EE_Payment $payment, $refund_info = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->_gateway && $this->_gateway instanceof EE_Gateway) {
-            return $this->_gateway->do_direct_refund($payment, $refund_info);
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __('Payment Method Type "%s" does not support sending refund requests', 'event_espresso'),
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns one the class's constants onsite,offsite, or offline, depending on this
-     * payment method's gateway.
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function payment_occurs()
-    {
-        if (!$this->_gateway) {
-            return EE_PMT_Base::offline;
-        } elseif ($this->_gateway instanceof EE_Onsite_Gateway) {
-            return EE_PMT_Base::onsite;
-        } elseif ($this->_gateway instanceof EE_Offsite_Gateway) {
-            return EE_PMT_Base::offsite;
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Payment method type '%s's gateway isn't an instance of EE_Onsite_Gateway, EE_Offsite_Gateway, or null. It must be one of those", "event_espresso"), get_class($this)));
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For adding any html output ab ove the payment overview.
-     * Many gateways won't want ot display anything, so this function just returns an empty string.
-     * Other gateways may want to override this, such as offline gateways.
-     * @param EE_Payment $payment
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \DomainException
-     */
-    public function payment_overview_content(EE_Payment $payment)
-    {
-        return EEH_Template::display_template(EE_LIBRARIES . 'payment_methods' . DS . 'templates' . DS . 'payment_details_content.template.php', array('payment_method' => $this->_pm_instance, 'payment' => $payment), true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return array where keys are the help tab name,
-     * values are: array {
-     * @type string $title i18n name for the help tab
-     * @type string $filename name of the file located in ./help_tabs/ (ie, in a folder next to this file)
-     * @type array $template_args any arguments you want passed to the template file while rendering.
-     *                Keys will be variable names and values with be their values.
-     */
-    public function help_tabs_config()
-    {
-        return array();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * The system name for this PMT (eg AIM, Paypal_Pro, Invoice... what gets put into
-     * the payment method's table's PMT_type column)
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function system_name()
-    {
-        $classname = get_class($this);
-        return str_replace("EE_PMT_", '', $classname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * A pretty i18n version of the PMT name
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function pretty_name()
-    {
-        return $this->_pretty_name;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the default absolute URL to the payment method type's button
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function default_button_url()
-    {
-        return $this->_default_button_url;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the gateway used by this payment method (if any)
-     * @return EE_Gateway
-     */
-    public function get_gateway()
-    {
-        return $this->_gateway;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string html for the link to a help tab
-     */
-    public function get_help_tab_link()
-    {
-        return EEH_Template::get_help_tab_link($this->get_help_tab_name());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the name of the help tab for this PMT
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_help_tab_name()
-    {
-        return 'ee_' . strtolower($this->system_name()) . '_help_tab';
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * The name of the wp capability that should be associated with the usage of
-     * this PMT by an admin
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function cap_name()
-    {
-        return 'ee_payment_method_' . strtolower($this->system_name());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Called by client code to tell the gateway that if it wants to change
-     * the transaction or line items or registrations related to teh payment it already
-     * processed (we think, but possibly not) that now's the time to do it.
-     * It is expected that gateways will store any info they need for this on the PAY_details,
-     * or maybe an extra meta value
-     * @param EE_Payment $payment
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function update_txn_based_on_payment($payment)
-    {
-        if ($this->_gateway instanceof EE_Gateway) {
-            $this->_gateway->update_txn_based_on_payment($payment);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a string of HTML describing this payment method type for an admin,
-     * primarily intended for them to read before activating it.
-     * The easiest way to set this is to create a folder 'templates' alongside
-     * your EE_PMT_{System_Name} file, and in it create a file named "{system_name}_intro.template.php".
-     * Eg, if your payment method file is named "EE_PMT_Foo_Bar.pm.php",
-     * then you'd create a file named "templates" in the same folder as it, and name the file
-     * "foo_bar_intro.template.php", and its content will be returned by this method
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function introductory_html()
-    {
-        return EEH_Template::locate_template($this->file_folder() . 'templates' . DS . strtolower($this->system_name()) . '_intro.template.php', array('pmt_obj' => $this, 'pm_instance' => $this->_pm_instance));
-    }
+	const onsite = 'on-site';
+	const offsite = 'off-site';
+	const offline = 'off-line';
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Payment_Method
+	 */
+	protected $_pm_instance = NULL;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	protected $_requires_https = FALSE;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	protected $_has_billing_form;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Gateway
+	 */
+	protected $_gateway = NULL;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Payment_Method_Form
+	 */
+	protected $_settings_form = NULL;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Form_Section_Proper
+	 */
+	protected $_billing_form = NULL;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	protected $_cache_billing_form = TRUE;
+
+	/**
+	 * String of the absolute path to the folder containing this file, with a trailing slash.
+	 * eg '/public_html/wp-site/wp-content/plugins/event-espresso/payment_methods/Invoice/'
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_file_folder = NULL;
+
+	/**
+	 * String to the absolute URL to this file (useful for getting its web-accessible resources
+	 * like images, js, or css)
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_file_url = NULL;
+
+	/**
+	 * Pretty name for the payment method
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_pretty_name = NULL;
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_default_button_url = NULL;
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_default_description = NULL;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var MoneyFactory
+	 */
+	protected $money_factory;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var CurrencyFactory
+	 */
+	protected $currency_factory;
+
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method $pm_instance
+	 * @param MoneyFactory|null $money_factory
+	 * @param CurrencyFactory $currency_factory
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidEntityException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __construct(
+		$pm_instance = NULL,
+		MoneyFactory $money_factory = null,
+		CurrencyFactory $currency_factory = null
+	) {
+		if (! $money_factory instanceof  MoneyFactory) {
+			$money_factory = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\currency\MoneyFactory');
+		}
+		if (! $currency_factory instanceof  CurrencyFactory) {
+			$currency_factory = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\currency\CurrencyFactory');
+		}
+		$this->currency_factory = $currency_factory;
+		$this->money_factory = $money_factory;
+		if ($pm_instance instanceof EE_Payment_Method) {
+			$this->set_instance($pm_instance);
+		}
+		if ($this->_gateway) {
+			$this->_gateway->set_payment_model(EEM_Payment::instance());
+			$this->_gateway->set_payment_log(EEM_Change_Log::instance());
+			$this->_gateway->set_template_helper(new EEH_Template());
+			$this->_gateway->set_line_item_helper(new EEH_Line_Item());
+			$this->_gateway->set_money_helper(new EEH_Money());
+			$this->_gateway->set_gateway_data_formatter(new GatewayDataFormatter());
+			$this->_gateway->set_unsupported_character_remover(new AsciiOnly());
+			do_action('AHEE__EE_PMT_Base___construct__done_initializing_gateway_class', $this, $this->_gateway);
+		}
+		if (!isset($this->_has_billing_form)) {
+			// by default, On Site gateways have a billing form
+			if ($this->payment_occurs() == EE_PMT_Base::onsite) {
+				$this->set_has_billing_form(true);
+			} else {
+				$this->set_has_billing_form(false);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!$this->_pretty_name) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You must set the pretty name for the Payment Method Type in the constructor (_pretty_name), and please make it internationalized", "event_espresso")));
+		}
+		//if the child didn't specify a default button, use the credit card one
+		if ($this->_default_button_url === NULL) {
+			$this->_default_button_url = EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'payment_methods' . DS . 'pay-by-credit-card.png';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param boolean $has_billing_form
+	 */
+	public function set_has_billing_form($has_billing_form)
+	{
+		$this->_has_billing_form = filter_var($has_billing_form, FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets the file_folder property
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _set_file_folder()
+	{
+		$reflector = new ReflectionClass(get_class($this));
+		$fn = $reflector->getFileName();
+		$this->_file_folder = dirname($fn) . DS;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets the file URL with a trailing slash for this PMT
+	 */
+	protected function _set_file_url()
+	{
+		$plugins_dir_fixed = str_replace('\\', DS, WP_PLUGIN_DIR);
+		$file_folder_fixed = str_replace('\\', DS, $this->file_folder());
+		$file_path = str_replace($plugins_dir_fixed, WP_PLUGIN_URL, $file_folder_fixed);
+		$this->_file_url = $file_path;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the default description on all payment methods of this type
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function default_description()
+	{
+		return $this->_default_description;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the folder containing the PMT child class, with a trailing slash
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function file_folder()
+	{
+		if (!$this->_file_folder) {
+			$this->_set_file_folder();
+		}
+		return $this->_file_folder;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function file_url()
+	{
+		if (!$this->_file_url) {
+			$this->_set_file_url();
+		}
+		return $this->_file_url;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the payment method instance this payment method type is for.
+	 * Its important teh payment method instance is set before
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method_instance
+	 */
+	function set_instance($payment_method_instance)
+	{
+		$this->_pm_instance = $payment_method_instance;
+		//if they have already requested the settings form, make sure its
+		//data matches this model object
+		if ($this->_settings_form) {
+			$this->settings_form()->populate_model_obj($payment_method_instance);
+		}
+		if ($this->_gateway && $this->_gateway instanceof EE_Gateway) {
+			$this->_gateway->set_settings($payment_method_instance->settings_array());
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets teh form for displaying to admins where they setup the payment method
+	 * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	function settings_form()
+	{
+		if (!$this->_settings_form) {
+			$this->_settings_form = $this->generate_new_settings_form();
+			$this->_settings_form->set_payment_method_type($this);
+			//if we have already assigned a model object to this pmt, make
+			//sure its reflected in teh form we just generated
+			if ($this->_pm_instance) {
+				$this->_settings_form->populate_model_obj($this->_pm_instance);
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_settings_form;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the form for all the settings related to this payment method type
+	 * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
+	 */
+	abstract function generate_new_settings_form();
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the form for settings. This may be useful if we have already received
+	 * a form submission and have form data it in, and want to use it anytime we're showing
+	 * this payment method type's settings form later in the request
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method_Form $form
+	 */
+	public function set_settings_form($form)
+	{
+		$this->_settings_form = $form;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function has_billing_form()
+	{
+		return $this->_has_billing_form;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the form for displaying to attendees where they can enter their billing info
+	 * which will be sent to teh gateway (can be null)
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
+	 * @param array $extra_args
+	 * @return EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form|EE_Billing_Info_Form|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = NULL, $extra_args = array())
+	{
+		// has billing form already been regenerated ? or overwrite cache?
+		if (!$this->_billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Info_Form || !$this->_cache_billing_form) {
+			$this->_billing_form = $this->generate_new_billing_form($transaction, $extra_args);
+		}
+		//if we know who the attendee is, and this is a billing form
+		//that uses attendee info, populate it
+		if (
+		apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__populate_billing_form_fields_from_attendee',
+			(
+				$this->_billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form
+				&& $transaction instanceof EE_Transaction
+				&& $transaction->primary_registration() instanceof EE_Registration
+				&& $transaction->primary_registration()->attendee() instanceof EE_Attendee
+			),
+			$this->_billing_form,
+			$transaction
+		)
+		) {
+			$this->_billing_form->populate_from_attendee($transaction->primary_registration()->attendee());
+		}
+		return $this->_billing_form;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates the billing form for this payment method type
+	 * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
+	 * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form
+	 */
+	abstract function generate_new_billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = NULL);
+
+
+	/**
+	 * apply_billing_form_debug_settings
+	 * applies debug data to the form
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Billing_Info_Form $billing_form
+	 * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form
+	 */
+	public function apply_billing_form_debug_settings(EE_Billing_Info_Form $billing_form)
+	{
+		return $billing_form;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the billing form for this payment method type. You may want to use this
+	 * if you have form
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method $form
+	 */
+	public function set_billing_form($form)
+	{
+		$this->_billing_form = $form;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether or not this payment method requires HTTPS to be used
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	function requires_https()
+	{
+		return $this->_requires_https;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
+	 * @param float $amount
+	 * @param EE_Billing_Info_Form $billing_info
+	 * @param string $return_url
+	 * @param string $fail_url
+	 * @param string $method
+	 * @param bool $by_admin
+	 * @return EE_Payment
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	function process_payment(EE_Transaction $transaction, $amount = null, $billing_info = null, $return_url = null, $fail_url = '', $method = 'CART', $by_admin = false)
+	{
+		// @todo: add surcharge for the payment method, if any
+		if ($this->_gateway) {
+			//there is a gateway, so we're going to make a payment object
+			//but wait! do they already have a payment in progress that we thought was failed?
+			$duplicate_properties = array(
+				'STS_ID' => EEM_Payment::status_id_failed,
+				'TXN_ID' => $transaction->ID(),
+				'PMD_ID' => $this->_pm_instance->ID(),
+				'PAY_source' => $method,
+				'PAY_amount' => $amount !== null ? $amount : $transaction->remaining(),
+				'PAY_gateway_response' => null,
+			);
+			$payment = EEM_Payment::instance()->get_one(array($duplicate_properties));
+			//if we didn't already have a payment in progress for the same thing,
+			//then we actually want to make a new payment
+			if (!$payment instanceof EE_Payment) {
+				$payment = EE_Payment::new_instance(
+					array_merge(
+						$duplicate_properties,
+						array(
+							'PAY_timestamp' => time(),
+							'PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr' => null,
+							'PAY_po_number' => null,
+							'PAY_extra_accntng' => null,
+							'PAY_details' => null,
+						)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			//make sure the payment has been saved to show we started it, and so it has an ID should the gateway try to log it
+			$payment->save();
+			$billing_values = $this->_get_billing_values_from_form($billing_info);
+
+			//  Offsite Gateway
+			if ($this->_gateway instanceof EE_Offsite_Gateway) {
+
+				$payment = $this->_gateway->set_redirection_info(
+					$payment,
+					$billing_values,
+					$return_url,
+					EE_Config::instance()->core->txn_page_url(
+						array(
+							'e_reg_url_link' => $transaction->primary_registration()->reg_url_link(),
+							'ee_payment_method' => $this->_pm_instance->slug()
+						)
+					),
+					$fail_url
+				);
+				$payment->save();
+				//  Onsite Gateway
+			} elseif ($this->_gateway instanceof EE_Onsite_Gateway) {
+
+				$payment = $this->_gateway->do_direct_payment($payment, $billing_values);
+				$payment->save();
+
+			} else {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						__('Gateway for payment method type "%s" is "%s", not a subclass of either EE_Offsite_Gateway or EE_Onsite_Gateway, or null (to indicate NO gateway)', 'event_espresso'),
+						get_class($this),
+						gettype($this->_gateway)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			// no gateway provided
+			// there is no payment. Must be an offline gateway
+			// create a payment object anyways, but dont save it
+			$payment = EE_Payment::new_instance(
+				array(
+					'STS_ID' => EEM_Payment::status_id_pending,
+					'TXN_ID' => $transaction->ID(),
+					'PMD_ID' => $transaction->payment_method_ID(),
+					'PAY_amount' => 0.00,
+					'PAY_timestamp' => time(),
+				)
+			);
+
+		}
+
+		// if there is billing info, clean it and save it now
+		if ($billing_info instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form) {
+			$this->_save_billing_info_to_attendee($billing_info, $transaction);
+		}
+
+		return $payment;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the values we want to pass onto the gateway. Normally these
+	 * are just the 'pretty' values, but there may be times the data may need
+	 * a  little massaging. Proper subsections will become arrays of inputs
+	 * @param EE_Billing_Info_Form $billing_form
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	protected function _get_billing_values_from_form($billing_form)
+	{
+		if ($billing_form instanceof EE_Form_Section_Proper) {
+			return $billing_form->input_pretty_values(true);
+		} else {
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Handles an instant payment notification when the transaction is known (by default).
+	 * @param array $req_data
+	 * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
+	 * @return EE_Payment
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function handle_ipn($req_data, $transaction)
+	{
+		$transaction = EEM_Transaction::instance()->ensure_is_obj($transaction);
+		if (!$this->_gateway instanceof EE_Offsite_Gateway) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Could not handle IPN because '%s' is not an offsite gateway", "event_espresso"), print_r($this->_gateway, TRUE)));
+
+		}
+		$payment = $this->_gateway->handle_payment_update($req_data, $transaction);
+		return $payment;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Saves the billing info onto the attendee of the primary registrant on this transaction, and
+	 * cleans it first.
+	 * @param EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form $billing_form
+	 * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
+	 * @return boolean success
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _save_billing_info_to_attendee($billing_form, $transaction)
+	{
+		if (!$transaction || !$transaction instanceof EE_Transaction) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(__("Cannot save billing info because no transaction was specified", "event_espresso"), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return false;
+		}
+		$primary_reg = $transaction->primary_registration();
+		if (!$primary_reg) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(__("Cannot save billing info because the transaction has no primary registration", "event_espresso"), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return false;
+		}
+		$attendee = $primary_reg->attendee();
+		if (!$attendee) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(__("Cannot save billing info because the transaction's primary registration has no attendee!", "event_espresso"), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return $attendee->save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method($billing_form, $transaction->payment_method());
+
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the payment this IPN is for. Children may often want to
+	 * override this to inspect the request
+	 * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
+	 * @param array $req_data
+	 * @return EE_Payment
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function find_payment_for_ipn(EE_Transaction $transaction, $req_data = array())
+	{
+		return $transaction->last_payment();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * In case generic code cannot provide the payment processor with a specific payment method
+	 * and transaction, it will try calling this method on each activate payment method.
+	 * If the payment method is able to identify the request as being for it, it should fetch
+	 * the payment its for and return it. If not, it should throw an EE_Error to indicate it cannot
+	 * handle the IPN
+	 * @param array $req_data
+	 * @return EE_Payment only if this payment method can find the info its needs from $req_data
+	 * and identifies the IPN as being for this payment method (not just fo ra payment method of this type)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function handle_unclaimed_ipn($req_data = array())
+	{
+		throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Payment Method '%s' cannot handle unclaimed IPNs", "event_espresso"), get_class($this)));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Logic to be accomplished when the payment attempt is complete.
+	 * Most payment methods don't need to do anything at this point; but some, like Mijireh, do.
+	 * (Mijireh is an offsite gateway which doesn't send an IPN. So when the user returns to EE from
+	 * mijireh, this method needs to be called so the Mijireh PM can ping Mijireh to know the status
+	 * of the payment). Fed a transaction because it's always assumed to be the last payment that
+	 * we're dealing with. Returns that last payment (if there is one)
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Transaction $transaction
+	 * @return EE_Payment
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function finalize_payment_for($transaction)
+	{
+		return $transaction->last_payment();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Whether or not this payment method's gateway supports sending refund requests
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function supports_sending_refunds()
+	{
+		if ($this->_gateway && $this->_gateway instanceof EE_Gateway) {
+			return $this->_gateway->supports_sending_refunds();
+		} else {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Payment $payment
+	 * @param array $refund_info
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Payment
+	 */
+	public function process_refund(EE_Payment $payment, $refund_info = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->_gateway && $this->_gateway instanceof EE_Gateway) {
+			return $this->_gateway->do_direct_refund($payment, $refund_info);
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__('Payment Method Type "%s" does not support sending refund requests', 'event_espresso'),
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns one the class's constants onsite,offsite, or offline, depending on this
+	 * payment method's gateway.
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function payment_occurs()
+	{
+		if (!$this->_gateway) {
+			return EE_PMT_Base::offline;
+		} elseif ($this->_gateway instanceof EE_Onsite_Gateway) {
+			return EE_PMT_Base::onsite;
+		} elseif ($this->_gateway instanceof EE_Offsite_Gateway) {
+			return EE_PMT_Base::offsite;
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Payment method type '%s's gateway isn't an instance of EE_Onsite_Gateway, EE_Offsite_Gateway, or null. It must be one of those", "event_espresso"), get_class($this)));
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For adding any html output ab ove the payment overview.
+	 * Many gateways won't want ot display anything, so this function just returns an empty string.
+	 * Other gateways may want to override this, such as offline gateways.
+	 * @param EE_Payment $payment
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \DomainException
+	 */
+	public function payment_overview_content(EE_Payment $payment)
+	{
+		return EEH_Template::display_template(EE_LIBRARIES . 'payment_methods' . DS . 'templates' . DS . 'payment_details_content.template.php', array('payment_method' => $this->_pm_instance, 'payment' => $payment), true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return array where keys are the help tab name,
+	 * values are: array {
+	 * @type string $title i18n name for the help tab
+	 * @type string $filename name of the file located in ./help_tabs/ (ie, in a folder next to this file)
+	 * @type array $template_args any arguments you want passed to the template file while rendering.
+	 *                Keys will be variable names and values with be their values.
+	 */
+	public function help_tabs_config()
+	{
+		return array();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * The system name for this PMT (eg AIM, Paypal_Pro, Invoice... what gets put into
+	 * the payment method's table's PMT_type column)
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function system_name()
+	{
+		$classname = get_class($this);
+		return str_replace("EE_PMT_", '', $classname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * A pretty i18n version of the PMT name
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function pretty_name()
+	{
+		return $this->_pretty_name;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the default absolute URL to the payment method type's button
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function default_button_url()
+	{
+		return $this->_default_button_url;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the gateway used by this payment method (if any)
+	 * @return EE_Gateway
+	 */
+	public function get_gateway()
+	{
+		return $this->_gateway;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string html for the link to a help tab
+	 */
+	public function get_help_tab_link()
+	{
+		return EEH_Template::get_help_tab_link($this->get_help_tab_name());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the name of the help tab for this PMT
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_help_tab_name()
+	{
+		return 'ee_' . strtolower($this->system_name()) . '_help_tab';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The name of the wp capability that should be associated with the usage of
+	 * this PMT by an admin
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function cap_name()
+	{
+		return 'ee_payment_method_' . strtolower($this->system_name());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Called by client code to tell the gateway that if it wants to change
+	 * the transaction or line items or registrations related to teh payment it already
+	 * processed (we think, but possibly not) that now's the time to do it.
+	 * It is expected that gateways will store any info they need for this on the PAY_details,
+	 * or maybe an extra meta value
+	 * @param EE_Payment $payment
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function update_txn_based_on_payment($payment)
+	{
+		if ($this->_gateway instanceof EE_Gateway) {
+			$this->_gateway->update_txn_based_on_payment($payment);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a string of HTML describing this payment method type for an admin,
+	 * primarily intended for them to read before activating it.
+	 * The easiest way to set this is to create a folder 'templates' alongside
+	 * your EE_PMT_{System_Name} file, and in it create a file named "{system_name}_intro.template.php".
+	 * Eg, if your payment method file is named "EE_PMT_Foo_Bar.pm.php",
+	 * then you'd create a file named "templates" in the same folder as it, and name the file
+	 * "foo_bar_intro.template.php", and its content will be returned by this method
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function introductory_html()
+	{
+		return EEH_Template::locate_template($this->file_folder() . 'templates' . DS . strtolower($this->system_name()) . '_intro.template.php', array('pmt_obj' => $this, 'pm_instance' => $this->_pm_instance));
+	}
 
 
 }