eventespresso / event-espresso-core

admin_pages/events/Events_Admin_Page.core.php

Indentation +2921 added lines, -2921 removed lines

@@ -16,2928 +16,2928 @@
  */
 class Events_Admin_Page extends EE_Admin_Page_CPT
 {
-    /**
-     * This will hold the event object for event_details screen.
+	/**
+	 * This will hold the event object for event_details screen.
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Event $_event
+	 */
+	protected $_event;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will hold the category object for category_details screen.
+	 *
+	 * @var stdClass $_category
+	 */
+	protected $_category;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will hold the event model instance
+	 *
+	 * @var EEM_Event $_event_model
+	 */
+	protected $_event_model;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Event
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_model_obj = false;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @var NodeGroupDao
+	 */
+	protected $model_obj_node_group_persister;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var AdvancedEditorAdminFormSection
+	 */
+	protected $advanced_editor_admin_form;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Initialize page props for this admin page group.
+	 */
+	protected function _init_page_props()
+	{
+		$this->page_slug        = EVENTS_PG_SLUG;
+		$this->page_label       = EVENTS_LABEL;
+		$this->_admin_base_url  = EVENTS_ADMIN_URL;
+		$this->_admin_base_path = EVENTS_ADMIN;
+		$this->_cpt_model_names = [
+			'create_new' => 'EEM_Event',
+			'edit'       => 'EEM_Event',
+		];
+		$this->_cpt_edit_routes = [
+			'espresso_events' => 'edit',
+		];
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__set_model_object__after_set_object',
+			[$this, 'verify_event_edit'],
+			10,
+			2
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the ajax hooks used for this admin page group.
+	 */
+	protected function _ajax_hooks()
+	{
+		add_action('wp_ajax_ee_save_timezone_setting', [$this, 'saveTimezoneString']);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the page properties for this admin page group.
+	 */
+	protected function _define_page_props()
+	{
+		$this->_admin_page_title = EVENTS_LABEL;
+		$this->_labels           = [
+			'buttons'      => [
+				'add'             => esc_html__('Add New Event', 'event_espresso'),
+				'edit'            => esc_html__('Edit Event', 'event_espresso'),
+				'delete'          => esc_html__('Delete Event', 'event_espresso'),
+				'add_category'    => esc_html__('Add New Category', 'event_espresso'),
+				'edit_category'   => esc_html__('Edit Category', 'event_espresso'),
+				'delete_category' => esc_html__('Delete Category', 'event_espresso'),
+			],
+			'editor_title' => [
+				'espresso_events' => esc_html__('Enter event title here', 'event_espresso'),
+			],
+			'publishbox'   => [
+				'create_new'        => esc_html__('Save New Event', 'event_espresso'),
+				'edit'              => esc_html__('Update Event', 'event_espresso'),
+				'add_category'      => esc_html__('Save New Category', 'event_espresso'),
+				'edit_category'     => esc_html__('Update Category', 'event_espresso'),
+				'template_settings' => esc_html__('Update Settings', 'event_espresso'),
+			],
+		];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the page routes property for this admin page group.
+	 */
+	protected function _set_page_routes()
+	{
+		// load formatter helper
+		// load field generator helper
+		// is there a evt_id in the request?
+		$EVT_ID = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_ID', 0, 'int');
+		$EVT_ID = $this->request->getRequestParam('post', $EVT_ID, 'int');
+
+		$this->_page_routes = [
+			'default'                       => [
+				'func'       => '_events_overview_list_table',
+				'capability' => 'ee_read_events',
+			],
+			'create_new'                    => [
+				'func'       => '_create_new_cpt_item',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_events',
+			],
+			'edit'                          => [
+				'func'       => '_edit_cpt_item',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_event',
+				'obj_id'     => $EVT_ID,
+			],
+			'copy_event'                    => [
+				'func'       => '_copy_events',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_event',
+				'obj_id'     => $EVT_ID,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'trash_event'                   => [
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_event',
+				'args'       => ['event_status' => 'trash'],
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_event',
+				'obj_id'     => $EVT_ID,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'trash_events'                  => [
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_events',
+				'args'       => ['event_status' => 'trash'],
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_events',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'restore_event'                 => [
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_event',
+				'args'       => ['event_status' => 'draft'],
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_event',
+				'obj_id'     => $EVT_ID,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'restore_events'                => [
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_events',
+				'args'       => ['event_status' => 'draft'],
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_events',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'delete_event'                  => [
+				'func'       => '_delete_event',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_event',
+				'obj_id'     => $EVT_ID,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'delete_events'                 => [
+				'func'       => '_delete_events',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_events',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'view_report'                   => [
+				'func'       => '_view_report',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_events',
+			],
+			'default_event_settings'        => [
+				'func'       => '_default_event_settings',
+				'capability' => 'manage_options',
+			],
+			'update_default_event_settings' => [
+				'func'       => '_update_default_event_settings',
+				'capability' => 'manage_options',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'template_settings'             => [
+				'func'       => '_template_settings',
+				'capability' => 'manage_options',
+			],
+			// event category tab related
+			'add_category'                  => [
+				'func'       => '_category_details',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_event_category',
+				'args'       => ['add'],
+			],
+			'edit_category'                 => [
+				'func'       => '_category_details',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_event_category',
+				'args'       => ['edit'],
+			],
+			'delete_categories'             => [
+				'func'       => '_delete_categories',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_event_category',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'delete_category'               => [
+				'func'       => '_delete_categories',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_event_category',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'insert_category'               => [
+				'func'       => '_insert_or_update_category',
+				'args'       => ['new_category' => true],
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_event_category',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'update_category'               => [
+				'func'       => '_insert_or_update_category',
+				'args'       => ['new_category' => false],
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_event_category',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+			'category_list'                 => [
+				'func'       => '_category_list_table',
+				'capability' => 'ee_manage_event_categories',
+			],
+			'preview_deletion'              => [
+				'func'       => 'previewDeletion',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_events',
+			],
+			'confirm_deletion'              => [
+				'func'       => 'confirmDeletion',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_events',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			],
+		];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set the _page_config property for this admin page group.
+	 */
+	protected function _set_page_config()
+	{
+		$post_id            = $this->request->getRequestParam('post', 0, 'int');
+		$EVT_CAT_ID         = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_CAT_ID', 0, 'int');
+		$this->_page_config = [
+			'default'                => [
+				'nav'           => [
+					'label' => esc_html__('Overview', 'event_espresso'),
+					'icon' => 'dashicons-list-view',
+					'order' => 10,
+				],
+				'list_table'    => 'Events_Admin_List_Table',
+				'help_tabs'     => [
+					'events_overview_help_tab'                       => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Events Overview', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_overview',
+					],
+					'events_overview_table_column_headings_help_tab' => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Events Overview Table Column Headings', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_overview_table_column_headings',
+					],
+					'events_overview_filters_help_tab'               => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Events Overview Filters', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_overview_filters',
+					],
+					'events_overview_view_help_tab'                  => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Events Overview Views', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_overview_views',
+					],
+					'events_overview_other_help_tab'                 => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Events Overview Other', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_overview_other',
+					],
+				],
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			],
+			'create_new'             => [
+				'nav'           => [
+					'label'      => esc_html__('Add New Event', 'event_espresso'),
+					'icon' => 'dashicons-plus-alt',
+					'order'      => 15,
+					'persistent' => false,
+				],
+				'metaboxes'     => ['_register_event_editor_meta_boxes'],
+				'help_tabs'     => [
+					'event_editor_help_tab'                            => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Editor', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor',
+					],
+					'event_editor_title_richtexteditor_help_tab'       => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Title & Rich Text Editor', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_title_richtexteditor',
+					],
+					'event_editor_venue_details_help_tab'              => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Venue Details', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_venue_details',
+					],
+					'event_editor_event_datetimes_help_tab'            => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Datetimes', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_event_datetimes',
+					],
+					'event_editor_event_tickets_help_tab'              => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Tickets', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_event_tickets',
+					],
+					'event_editor_event_registration_options_help_tab' => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Registration Options', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_event_registration_options',
+					],
+					'event_editor_tags_categories_help_tab'            => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Tags & Categories', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_tags_categories',
+					],
+					'event_editor_questions_registrants_help_tab'      => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Questions for Registrants', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_questions_registrants',
+					],
+					'event_editor_save_new_event_help_tab'             => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Save New Event', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_save_new_event',
+					],
+					'event_editor_other_help_tab'                      => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Other', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_other',
+					],
+				],
+				'qtips'         => ['EE_Event_Editor_Decaf_Tips'],
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			],
+			'edit'                   => [
+				'nav'           => [
+					'label'      => esc_html__('Edit Event', 'event_espresso'),
+					'icon' => 'dashicons-edit',
+					'order'      => 15,
+					'persistent' => false,
+					'url'        => $post_id
+						? EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+							['post' => $post_id, 'action' => 'edit'],
+							$this->_current_page_view_url
+						)
+						: $this->_admin_base_url,
+				],
+				'metaboxes'     => ['_register_event_editor_meta_boxes'],
+				'help_tabs'     => [
+					'event_editor_help_tab'                            => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Editor', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor',
+					],
+					'event_editor_title_richtexteditor_help_tab'       => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Title & Rich Text Editor', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_title_richtexteditor',
+					],
+					'event_editor_venue_details_help_tab'              => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Venue Details', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_venue_details',
+					],
+					'event_editor_event_datetimes_help_tab'            => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Datetimes', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_event_datetimes',
+					],
+					'event_editor_event_tickets_help_tab'              => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Tickets', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_event_tickets',
+					],
+					'event_editor_event_registration_options_help_tab' => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Registration Options', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_event_registration_options',
+					],
+					'event_editor_tags_categories_help_tab'            => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Tags & Categories', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_tags_categories',
+					],
+					'event_editor_questions_registrants_help_tab'      => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Questions for Registrants', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_questions_registrants',
+					],
+					'event_editor_save_new_event_help_tab'             => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Save New Event', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_save_new_event',
+					],
+					'event_editor_other_help_tab'                      => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Other', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'event_editor_other',
+					],
+				],
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			],
+			'default_event_settings' => [
+				'nav'           => [
+					'label' => esc_html__('Default Settings', 'event_espresso'),
+					'icon' => 'dashicons-admin-generic',
+					'order' => 40,
+				],
+				'metaboxes'     => array_merge(['_publish_post_box'], $this->_default_espresso_metaboxes),
+				'labels'        => [
+					'publishbox' => esc_html__('Update Settings', 'event_espresso'),
+				],
+				'help_tabs'     => [
+					'default_settings_help_tab'        => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Default Event Settings', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_default_settings',
+					],
+					'default_settings_status_help_tab' => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Default Registration Status', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_default_settings_status',
+					],
+					'default_maximum_tickets_help_tab' => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Default Maximum Tickets Per Order', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_default_settings_max_tickets',
+					],
+				],
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			],
+			// template settings
+			'template_settings'      => [
+				'nav'           => [
+					'label' => esc_html__('Templates', 'event_espresso'),
+					'icon' => 'dashicons-layout',
+					'order' => 30,
+				],
+				'metaboxes'     => $this->_default_espresso_metaboxes,
+				'help_tabs'     => [
+					'general_settings_templates_help_tab' => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Templates', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'general_settings_templates',
+					],
+				],
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			],
+			// event category stuff
+			'add_category'           => [
+				'nav'           => [
+					'label'      => esc_html__('Add Category', 'event_espresso'),
+					'icon' => 'dashicons-plus-alt',
+					'order'      => 25,
+					'persistent' => false,
+				],
+				'help_tabs'     => [
+					'add_category_help_tab' => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Add New Event Category', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_add_category',
+					],
+				],
+				'metaboxes'     => ['_publish_post_box'],
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			],
+			'edit_category'          => [
+				'nav'           => [
+					'label'      => esc_html__('Edit Category', 'event_espresso'),
+					'icon' => 'dashicons-edit',
+					'order'      => 25,
+					'persistent' => false,
+					'url'        => $EVT_CAT_ID
+						? add_query_arg(
+							['EVT_CAT_ID' => $EVT_CAT_ID],
+							$this->_current_page_view_url
+						)
+						: $this->_admin_base_url,
+				],
+				'help_tabs'     => [
+					'edit_category_help_tab' => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Edit Event Category', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_edit_category',
+					],
+				],
+				'metaboxes'     => ['_publish_post_box'],
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			],
+			'category_list'          => [
+				'nav'           => [
+					'label' => esc_html__('Categories', 'event_espresso'),
+					'icon' => 'dashicons-networking',
+					'order' => 20,
+				],
+				'list_table'    => 'Event_Categories_Admin_List_Table',
+				'help_tabs'     => [
+					'events_categories_help_tab'                       => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Categories', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_categories',
+					],
+					'events_categories_table_column_headings_help_tab' => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Categories Table Column Headings', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_categories_table_column_headings',
+					],
+					'events_categories_view_help_tab'                  => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Categories Views', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_categories_views',
+					],
+					'events_categories_other_help_tab'                 => [
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Event Categories Other', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'events_categories_other',
+					],
+				],
+				'metaboxes'     => $this->_default_espresso_metaboxes,
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			],
+			'preview_deletion'       => [
+				'nav'           => [
+					'label'      => esc_html__('Preview Deletion', 'event_espresso'),
+					'icon' => 'dashicons-remove',
+					'order'      => 15,
+					'persistent' => false,
+					'url'        => '',
+				],
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			],
+		];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used to register any global screen options if necessary for every route in this admin page group.
+	 */
+	protected function _add_screen_options()
+	{
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementing the screen options for the 'default' route.
+	 *
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	protected function _add_screen_options_default()
+	{
+		$this->_per_page_screen_option();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementing screen options for the category list route.
+	 *
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	protected function _add_screen_options_category_list()
+	{
+		$page_title              = $this->_admin_page_title;
+		$this->_admin_page_title = esc_html__('Categories', 'event_espresso');
+		$this->_per_page_screen_option();
+		$this->_admin_page_title = $page_title;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used to register any global feature pointers for the admin page group.
+	 */
+	protected function _add_feature_pointers()
+	{
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Registers and enqueues any global scripts and styles for the entire admin page group.
+	 */
+	public function load_scripts_styles()
+	{
+		wp_register_style(
+			'events-admin-css',
+			EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'events-admin-page.css',
+			[],
+			EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
+		);
+		wp_register_style(
+			'ee-cat-admin',
+			EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'ee-cat-admin.css',
+			[],
+			EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
+		);
+		wp_enqueue_style('events-admin-css');
+		wp_enqueue_style('ee-cat-admin');
+		// scripts
+		wp_register_script(
+			'event_editor_js',
+			EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'event_editor.js',
+			['ee_admin_js', 'jquery-ui-slider', 'jquery-ui-timepicker-addon'],
+			EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
+			true
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Enqueuing scripts and styles specific to this view
+	 */
+	public function load_scripts_styles_create_new()
+	{
+		$this->load_scripts_styles_edit();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Enqueuing scripts and styles specific to this view
+	 */
+	public function load_scripts_styles_edit()
+	{
+		// styles
+		wp_enqueue_style('espresso-ui-theme');
+		wp_register_style(
+			'event-editor-css',
+			EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'event-editor.css',
+			['ee-admin-css'],
+			EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
+		);
+		wp_enqueue_style('event-editor-css');
+		// scripts
+		if (! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor()) {
+			wp_register_script(
+				'event-datetime-metabox',
+				EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'event-datetime-metabox.js',
+				['event_editor_js', 'ee-datepicker'],
+				EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
+			);
+			wp_enqueue_script('event-datetime-metabox');
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Populating the _views property for the category list table view.
+	 */
+	protected function _set_list_table_views_category_list()
+	{
+		$this->_views = [
+			'all' => [
+				'slug'        => 'all',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('All', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => 0,
+				'bulk_action' => [
+					'delete_categories' => esc_html__('Delete Permanently', 'event_espresso'),
+				],
+			],
+		];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For adding anything that fires on the admin_init hook for any route within this admin page group.
+	 */
+	public function admin_init()
+	{
+		EE_Registry::$i18n_js_strings['image_confirm'] = esc_html__(
+			'Do you really want to delete this image? Please remember to update your event to complete the removal.',
+			'event_espresso'
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For adding anything that should be triggered on the admin_notices hook for any route within this admin page
+	 * group.
+	 */
+	public function admin_notices()
+	{
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For adding anything that should be triggered on the `admin_print_footer_scripts` hook for any route within
+	 * this admin page group.
+	 */
+	public function admin_footer_scripts()
+	{
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Call this function to verify if an event is public and has tickets for sale.  If it does, then we need to show a
+	 * warning (via EE_Error::add_error());
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Event $event Event object
+	 * @param string   $req_type
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function verify_event_edit($event = null, $req_type = '')
+	{
+		// don't need to do this when processing
+		if (! empty($req_type)) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// no event?
+		if (! $event instanceof EE_Event) {
+			$event = $this->_cpt_model_obj;
+		}
+		// STILL no event?
+		if (! $event instanceof EE_Event) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$orig_status = $event->status();
+		// first check if event is active.
+		if (
+			$orig_status === EEM_Event::cancelled
+			|| $orig_status === EEM_Event::postponed
+			|| $event->is_expired()
+			|| $event->is_inactive()
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// made it here so it IS active... next check that any of the tickets are sold.
+		if ($event->is_sold_out(true)) {
+			if ($orig_status !== EEM_Event::sold_out && $event->status() !== $orig_status) {
+				EE_Error::add_attention(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Please note that the Event Status has automatically been changed to %s because there are no more spaces available for this event.  However, this change is not permanent until you update the event.  You can change the status back to something else before updating if you wish.',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						EEH_Template::pretty_status(EEM_Event::sold_out, false, 'sentence')
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+		if ($orig_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
+			EE_Error::add_attention(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'Please note that the Event Status has automatically been changed to %s because more spaces have become available for this event, most likely due to abandoned transactions freeing up reserved tickets.  However, this change is not permanent until you update the event. If you wish, you can change the status back to something else before updating.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					EEH_Template::pretty_status($event->status(), false, 'sentence')
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// now we need to determine if the event has any tickets on sale.  If not then we dont' show the error
+		if (! $event->tickets_on_sale()) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// made it here so show warning
+		$this->_edit_event_warning();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is the text used for when an event is being edited that is public and has tickets for sale.
+	 * When needed, hook this into a EE_Error::add_error() notice.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _edit_event_warning()
+	{
+		// we don't want to add warnings during these requests
+		if ($this->request->getRequestParam('action') === 'editpost') {
+			return;
+		}
+		EE_Error::add_attention(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'Your event is open for registration. Making changes may disrupt any transactions in progress. %sLearn more%s',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				'<a class="espresso-help-tab-lnk ee-help-tab-link">',
+				'</a>'
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * When a user is creating a new event, notify them if they haven't set their timezone.
+	 * Otherwise, do the normal logic
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	protected function _create_new_cpt_item()
+	{
+		$has_timezone_string = get_option('timezone_string');
+		// only nag them about setting their timezone if it's their first event, and they haven't already done it
+		if (! $has_timezone_string && ! EEM_Event::instance()->exists([])) {
+			EE_Error::add_attention(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'Your website\'s timezone is currently set to a UTC offset. We recommend updating your timezone to a city or region near you before you create an event. Change your timezone now:%1$s%2$s%3$sChange Timezone%4$s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					'<br>',
+					'<select id="timezone_string" name="timezone_string" aria-describedby="timezone-description">'
+					. EEH_DTT_Helper::wp_timezone_choice('', EEH_DTT_Helper::get_user_locale())
+					. '</select>',
+					'<button class="button button--secondary timezone-submit">',
+					'</button><span class="spinner"></span>'
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+		}
+		parent::_create_new_cpt_item();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the _views property for the default route in this admin page group.
+	 */
+	protected function _set_list_table_views_default()
+	{
+		$this->_views = [
+			'all'   => [
+				'slug'        => 'all',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('View All Events', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => 0,
+				'bulk_action' => [
+					'trash_events' => esc_html__('Move to Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+				],
+			],
+			'draft' => [
+				'slug'        => 'draft',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('Draft', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => 0,
+				'bulk_action' => [
+					'trash_events' => esc_html__('Move to Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+				],
+			],
+		];
+		if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_delete_events', 'espresso_events_trash_events')) {
+			$this->_views['trash'] = [
+				'slug'        => 'trash',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => 0,
+				'bulk_action' => [
+					'restore_events' => esc_html__('Restore From Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+					'delete_events'  => esc_html__('Delete Permanently', 'event_espresso'),
+				],
+			];
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Provides the legend item array for the default list table view.
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _event_legend_items()
+	{
+		$items    = [
+			'view_details'   => [
+				'class' => 'dashicons dashicons-visibility',
+				'desc'  => esc_html__('View Event', 'event_espresso'),
+			],
+			'edit_event'     => [
+				'class' => 'dashicons dashicons-calendar-alt',
+				'desc'  => esc_html__('Edit Event Details', 'event_espresso'),
+			],
+			'view_attendees' => [
+				'class' => 'dashicons dashicons-groups',
+				'desc'  => esc_html__('View Registrations for Event', 'event_espresso'),
+			],
+		];
+		$items    = apply_filters('FHEE__Events_Admin_Page___event_legend_items__items', $items);
+		$statuses = [
+			'sold_out_status'  => [
+				'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::sold_out,
+				'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::sold_out, false, 'sentence'),
+			],
+			'active_status'    => [
+				'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::active,
+				'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::active, false, 'sentence'),
+			],
+			'upcoming_status'  => [
+				'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::upcoming,
+				'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::upcoming, false, 'sentence'),
+			],
+			'postponed_status' => [
+				'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::postponed,
+				'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::postponed, false, 'sentence'),
+			],
+			'cancelled_status' => [
+				'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::cancelled,
+				'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::cancelled, false, 'sentence'),
+			],
+			'expired_status'   => [
+				'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::expired,
+				'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::expired, false, 'sentence'),
+			],
+			'inactive_status'  => [
+				'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::inactive,
+				'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::inactive, false, 'sentence'),
+			],
+		];
+		$statuses = apply_filters('FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__event_legend_items__statuses', $statuses);
+		return array_merge($items, $statuses);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EEM_Event
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _event_model()
+	{
+		if (! $this->_event_model instanceof EEM_Event) {
+			$this->_event_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Event');
+		}
+		return $this->_event_model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds extra buttons to the WP CPT permalink field row.
+	 * Method is called from parent and is hooked into the wp 'get_sample_permalink_html' filter.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $return    the current html
+	 * @param int    $id        the post id for the page
+	 * @param string $new_title What the title is
+	 * @param string $new_slug  what the slug is
+	 * @return string            The new html string for the permalink area
+	 */
+	public function extra_permalink_field_buttons($return, $id, $new_title, $new_slug)
+	{
+		// make sure this is only when editing
+		if (! empty($id)) {
+			$post = get_post($id);
+			$return .= '<a class="button button--small button--secondary" onclick="prompt(\'Shortcode:\', jQuery(\'#shortcode\').val()); return false;" href="#"  tabindex="-1">'
+					   . esc_html__('Shortcode', 'event_espresso')
+					   . '</a> ';
+			$return .= '<input id="shortcode" type="hidden" value="[ESPRESSO_TICKET_SELECTOR event_id='
+					   . $post->ID
+					   . ']">';
+		}
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _events_overview_list_table
+	 * This contains the logic for showing the events_overview list
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	protected function _events_overview_list_table()
+	{
+		$after_list_table                           = [];
+		$links_html = EEH_HTML::div('', '', 'ee-admin-section ee-layout-stack');
+		$links_html .= EEH_HTML::h3(esc_html__('Links', 'event_espresso'));
+		$links_html .= EEH_HTML::div(
+			EEH_Template::get_button_or_link(
+				get_post_type_archive_link('espresso_events'),
+				esc_html__('View Event Archive Page', 'event_espresso'),
+				'button button--small button--secondary'
+			),
+			'',
+			'ee-admin-button-row ee-admin-button-row--align-start'
+		);
+		$links_html .= EEH_HTML::divx();
+
+		$after_list_table['view_event_list_button'] = $links_html;
+
+		$after_list_table['legend'] = $this->_display_legend($this->_event_legend_items());
+		$this->_admin_page_title                    .= ' ' . $this->get_action_link_or_button(
+			'create_new',
+			'add',
+			[],
+			'add-new-h2'
+		);
+
+		$this->_template_args['after_list_table']   = array_merge(
+			(array) $this->_template_args['after_list_table'],
+			$after_list_table
+		);
+		$this->display_admin_list_table_page_with_no_sidebar();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * this allows for extra misc actions in the default WP publish box
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function extra_misc_actions_publish_box()
+	{
+		$this->_generate_publish_box_extra_content();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('save_post') hook and runs after the custom post type has been
+	 * saved.
+	 * Typically you would use this to save any additional data.
+	 * Keep in mind also that "save_post" runs on EVERY post update to the database.
+	 * ALSO very important.  When a post transitions from scheduled to published,
+	 * the save_post action is fired but you will NOT have any _POST data containing any extra info you may have from
+	 * other meta saves. So MAKE sure that you handle this accordingly.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @abstract
+	 * @param string $post_id The ID of the cpt that was saved (so you can link relationally)
+	 * @param WP_Post $post    The post object of the cpt that was saved.
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _insert_update_cpt_item($post_id, $post)
+	{
+		if ($post instanceof WP_Post && $post->post_type !== 'espresso_events') {
+			// get out we're not processing an event save.
+			return;
+		}
+		$event_values = [
+			'EVT_member_only'     => $this->request->getRequestParam('member_only', false, 'bool'),
+			'EVT_allow_overflow'  => $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_allow_overflow', false, 'bool'),
+			'EVT_timezone_string' => $this->request->getRequestParam('timezone_string'),
+		];
+		// check if the new EDTR reg options meta box is being used, and if so, don't run updates for legacy version
+		if (! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor() || ! $this->feature->allowed('use_reg_options_meta_box')) {
+			$event_values['EVT_display_ticket_selector']     = $this->request->getRequestParam(
+				'display_ticket_selector',
+				false,
+				'bool'
+			);
+			$event_values['EVT_additional_limit']            = min(
+				apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Events_Admin__insert_update_cpt_item__EVT_additional_limit_max', 255),
+				$this->request->getRequestParam(
+					'additional_limit',
+					EEM_Event::get_default_additional_limit(),
+					'int'
+				)
+			);
+			$event_values['EVT_default_registration_status'] = $this->request->getRequestParam(
+				'EVT_default_registration_status',
+				EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->default_STS_ID
+			);
+
+			$event_values['EVT_external_URL'] = $this->request->getRequestParam('externalURL');
+			$event_values['EVT_phone']        = $this->request->getRequestParam('event_phone');
+			$event_values['EVT_display_desc'] = $this->request->getRequestParam('display_desc', false, 'bool');
+		}
+		// update event
+		$success = $this->_event_model()->update_by_ID($event_values, $post_id);
+		// get event_object for other metaboxes...
+		// though it would seem to make sense to just use $this->_event_model()->get_one_by_ID( $post_id )..
+		// i have to setup where conditions to override the filters in the model
+		// that filter out auto-draft and inherit statuses so we GET the inherit id!
+		/** @var EE_Event $event */
+		$event = $this->_event_model()->get_one(
+			[
+				[
+					$this->_event_model()->primary_key_name() => $post_id,
+					'OR'                                      => [
+						'status'   => $post->post_status,
+						// if trying to "Publish" a sold out event, it's status will get switched back to "sold_out" in the db,
+						// but the returned object here has a status of "publish", so use the original post status as well
+						'status*1' => $this->request->getRequestParam('original_post_status'),
+					],
+				],
+			]
+		);
+
+		// the following are default callbacks for event attachment updates
+		// that can be overridden by caffeinated functionality and/or addons.
+		$event_update_callbacks = [];
+		if (! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor()) {
+			$event_update_callbacks['_default_venue_update']   = [$this, '_default_venue_update'];
+			$event_update_callbacks['_default_tickets_update'] = [$this, '_default_tickets_update'];
+		}
+		$event_update_callbacks = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page___insert_update_cpt_item__event_update_callbacks',
+			$event_update_callbacks
+		);
+
+		$att_success = true;
+		foreach ($event_update_callbacks as $e_callback) {
+			$_success = is_callable($e_callback)
+				? $e_callback($event, $this->request->requestParams())
+				: false;
+			// if ANY of these updates fail then we want the appropriate global error message
+			$att_success = $_success !== false ? $att_success : false;
+		}
+		// any errors?
+		if ($success && $att_success === false) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__(
+					'Event Details saved successfully but something went wrong with saving attachments.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+		} elseif ($success === false) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__('Event Details did not save successfully.', 'event_espresso'),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $post_id
+	 * @param int $revision_id
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see parent::restore_item()
+	 */
+	protected function _restore_cpt_item($post_id, $revision_id)
+	{
+		// copy existing event meta to new post
+		$post_evt = $this->_event_model()->get_one_by_ID($post_id);
+		if ($post_evt instanceof EE_Event) {
+			// meta revision restore
+			$post_evt->restore_revision($revision_id);
+			// related objs restore
+			$post_evt->restore_revision($revision_id, ['Venue', 'Datetime', 'Price']);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Attach the venue to the Event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Event $event Event Object to add the venue to
+	 * @param array    $data  The request data from the form
+	 * @return bool           Success or fail.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _default_venue_update(EE_Event $event, $data)
+	{
+		require_once(EE_MODELS . 'EEM_Venue.model.php');
+		$venue_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Venue');
+		$venue_id    = ! empty($data['venue_id']) ? $data['venue_id'] : null;
+		// very important.  If we don't have a venue name...
+		// then we'll get out because not necessary to create empty venue
+		if (empty($data['venue_title'])) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$venue_array = [
+			'VNU_wp_user'         => $event->get('EVT_wp_user'),
+			'VNU_name'            => ! empty($data['venue_title']) ? $data['venue_title'] : null,
+			'VNU_desc'            => ! empty($data['venue_description']) ? $data['venue_description'] : null,
+			'VNU_identifier'      => ! empty($data['venue_identifier']) ? $data['venue_identifier'] : null,
+			'VNU_short_desc'      => ! empty($data['venue_short_description'])
+				? $data['venue_short_description']
+				: null,
+			'VNU_address'         => ! empty($data['address']) ? $data['address'] : null,
+			'VNU_address2'        => ! empty($data['address2']) ? $data['address2'] : null,
+			'VNU_city'            => ! empty($data['city']) ? $data['city'] : null,
+			'STA_ID'              => ! empty($data['state']) ? $data['state'] : null,
+			'CNT_ISO'             => ! empty($data['countries']) ? $data['countries'] : null,
+			'VNU_zip'             => ! empty($data['zip']) ? $data['zip'] : null,
+			'VNU_phone'           => ! empty($data['venue_phone']) ? $data['venue_phone'] : null,
+			'VNU_capacity'        => ! empty($data['venue_capacity']) ? $data['venue_capacity'] : null,
+			'VNU_url'             => ! empty($data['venue_url']) ? $data['venue_url'] : null,
+			'VNU_virtual_phone'   => ! empty($data['virtual_phone']) ? $data['virtual_phone'] : null,
+			'VNU_virtual_url'     => ! empty($data['virtual_url']) ? $data['virtual_url'] : null,
+			'VNU_enable_for_gmap' => isset($data['enable_for_gmap']) ? 1 : 0,
+			'status'              => 'publish',
+		];
+		// if we've got the venue_id then we're just updating the existing venue so let's do that and then get out.
+		if (! empty($venue_id)) {
+			$update_where  = [$venue_model->primary_key_name() => $venue_id];
+			$rows_affected = $venue_model->update($venue_array, [$update_where]);
+			// we've gotta make sure that the venue is always attached to a revision..
+			// add_relation_to should take care of making sure that the relation is already present.
+			$event->_add_relation_to($venue_id, 'Venue');
+			return $rows_affected > 0;
+		}
+		// we insert the venue
+		$venue_id = $venue_model->insert($venue_array);
+		$event->_add_relation_to($venue_id, 'Venue');
+		return ! empty($venue_id);
+		// when we have the ancestor come in it's already been handled by the revision save.
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Handles saving everything related to Tickets (datetimes, tickets, prices)
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Event $event The Event object we're attaching data to
+	 * @param array    $data  The request data from the form
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	protected function _default_tickets_update(EE_Event $event, $data)
+	{
+		if ($this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor()) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		$datetime       = null;
+		$saved_tickets  = [];
+		$event_timezone = $event->get_timezone();
+		$date_formats   = ['Y-m-d', 'h:i a'];
+		foreach ($data['edit_event_datetimes'] as $row => $datetime_data) {
+			// trim all values to ensure any excess whitespace is removed.
+			$datetime_data                = array_map('trim', $datetime_data);
+			$datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end'] =
+				isset($datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end']) && ! empty($datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end'])
+					? $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end']
+					: $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_start'];
+			$datetime_values              = [
+				'DTT_ID'        => ! empty($datetime_data['DTT_ID']) ? $datetime_data['DTT_ID'] : null,
+				'DTT_EVT_start' => $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_start'],
+				'DTT_EVT_end'   => $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end'],
+				'DTT_reg_limit' => empty($datetime_data['DTT_reg_limit']) ? EE_INF : $datetime_data['DTT_reg_limit'],
+				'DTT_order'     => $row,
+			];
+			// if we have an id then let's get existing object first and then set the new values.
+			//  Otherwise we instantiate a new object for save.
+			if (! empty($datetime_data['DTT_ID'])) {
+				$datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance($event_timezone)->get_one_by_ID($datetime_data['DTT_ID']);
+				if (! $datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+					throw new RuntimeException(
+						sprintf(
+							esc_html__(
+								'Something went wrong! A valid Datetime could not be retrieved from the database using the supplied ID: %1$d',
+								'event_espresso'
+							),
+							$datetime_data['DTT_ID']
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				$datetime->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
+				$datetime->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
+				foreach ($datetime_values as $field => $value) {
+					$datetime->set($field, $value);
+				}
+			} else {
+				$datetime = EE_Datetime::new_instance($datetime_values, $event_timezone, $date_formats);
+			}
+			if (! $datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Something went wrong! A valid Datetime could not be generated or retrieved using the supplied data: %1$s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						print_r($datetime_values, true)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			// before going any further make sure our dates are setup correctly
+			// so that the end date is always equal or greater than the start date.
+			if ($datetime->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') > $datetime->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end')) {
+				$datetime->set('DTT_EVT_end', $datetime->get('DTT_EVT_start'));
+				$datetime = EEH_DTT_Helper::date_time_add($datetime, 'DTT_EVT_end', 'days');
+			}
+			$datetime->save();
+			$event->_add_relation_to($datetime, 'Datetime');
+		}
+		// no datetimes get deleted so we don't do any of that logic here.
+		// update tickets next
+		$old_tickets = isset($data['ticket_IDs']) ? explode(',', $data['ticket_IDs']) : [];
+
+		// set up some default start and end dates in case those are not present in the incoming data
+		$default_start_date = new DateTime('now', new DateTimeZone($event->get_timezone()));
+		$default_start_date = $default_start_date->format($date_formats[0] . ' ' . $date_formats[1]);
+		// use the start date of the first datetime for the end date
+		$first_datetime   = $event->first_datetime();
+		$default_end_date = $first_datetime->start_date_and_time($date_formats[0], $date_formats[1]);
+
+		// now process the incoming data
+		foreach ($data['edit_tickets'] as $row => $ticket_data) {
+			$update_prices = false;
+			$ticket_price  = isset($data['edit_prices'][ $row ][1]['PRC_amount'])
+				? $data['edit_prices'][ $row ][1]['PRC_amount']
+				: 0;
+			// trim inputs to ensure any excess whitespace is removed.
+			$ticket_data   = array_map('trim', $ticket_data);
+			$ticket_values = [
+				'TKT_ID'          => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_ID']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_ID'] : null,
+				'TTM_ID'          => ! empty($ticket_data['TTM_ID']) ? $ticket_data['TTM_ID'] : 0,
+				'TKT_name'        => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_name']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_name'] : '',
+				'TKT_description' => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_description']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_description'] : '',
+				'TKT_start_date'  => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_start_date'])
+					? $ticket_data['TKT_start_date']
+					: $default_start_date,
+				'TKT_end_date'    => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_end_date'])
+					? $ticket_data['TKT_end_date']
+					: $default_end_date,
+				'TKT_qty'         => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_qty'])
+									 || (isset($ticket_data['TKT_qty']) && (int) $ticket_data['TKT_qty'] === 0)
+					? $ticket_data['TKT_qty']
+					: EE_INF,
+				'TKT_uses'        => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_uses'])
+									 || (isset($ticket_data['TKT_uses']) && (int) $ticket_data['TKT_uses'] === 0)
+					? $ticket_data['TKT_uses']
+					: EE_INF,
+				'TKT_min'         => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_min']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_min'] : 0,
+				'TKT_max'         => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_max']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_max'] : EE_INF,
+				'TKT_order'       => isset($ticket_data['TKT_order']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_order'] : $row,
+				'TKT_price'       => $ticket_price,
+				'TKT_row'         => $row,
+			];
+			// if this is a default ticket, then we need to set the TKT_ID to 0 and update accordingly,
+			// which means in turn that the prices will become new prices as well.
+			if (isset($ticket_data['TKT_is_default']) && $ticket_data['TKT_is_default']) {
+				$ticket_values['TKT_ID']         = 0;
+				$ticket_values['TKT_is_default'] = 0;
+				$update_prices                   = true;
+			}
+			// if we have a TKT_ID then we need to get that existing TKT_obj and update it
+			// we actually do our saves ahead of adding any relations because its entirely possible that this
+			// ticket didn't get removed or added to any datetime in the session but DID have it's items modified.
+			// keep in mind that if the ticket has been sold (and we have changed pricing information),
+			// then we won't be updating the tkt but instead a new tkt will be created and the old one archived.
+			if (! empty($ticket_data['TKT_ID'])) {
+				$existing_ticket = EEM_Ticket::instance($event_timezone)->get_one_by_ID($ticket_data['TKT_ID']);
+				if (! $existing_ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
+					throw new RuntimeException(
+						sprintf(
+							esc_html__(
+								'Something went wrong! A valid Ticket could not be retrieved from the database using the supplied ID: %1$d',
+								'event_espresso'
+							),
+							$ticket_data['TKT_ID']
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				$ticket_sold = $existing_ticket->count_related(
+					'Registration',
+					[
+							[
+								'STS_ID' => [
+									'NOT IN',
+									[EEM_Registration::status_id_incomplete],
+								],
+							],
+						]
+				) > 0;
+				// let's just check the total price for the existing ticket and determine if it matches the new total price.
+				// if they are different then we create a new ticket (if $ticket_sold)
+				// if they aren't different then we go ahead and modify existing ticket.
+				$create_new_ticket = $ticket_sold
+									 && $ticket_price !== $existing_ticket->price()
+									 && ! $existing_ticket->deleted();
+				$existing_ticket->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
+				$existing_ticket->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
+				// set new values
+				foreach ($ticket_values as $field => $value) {
+					if ($field == 'TKT_qty') {
+						$existing_ticket->set_qty($value);
+					} elseif ($field == 'TKT_price') {
+						$existing_ticket->set('TKT_price', $ticket_price);
+					} else {
+						$existing_ticket->set($field, $value);
+					}
+				}
+				$ticket = $existing_ticket;
+				// if $create_new_ticket is false then we can safely update the existing ticket.
+				//  Otherwise we have to create a new ticket.
+				if ($create_new_ticket) {
+					// archive the old ticket first
+					$existing_ticket->set('TKT_deleted', 1);
+					$existing_ticket->save();
+					// make sure this ticket is still recorded in our $saved_tickets
+					// so we don't run it through the regular trash routine.
+					$saved_tickets[ $existing_ticket->ID() ] = $existing_ticket;
+					// create new ticket that's a copy of the existing except,
+					// (a new id of course and not archived) AND has the new TKT_price associated with it.
+					$new_ticket = clone $existing_ticket;
+					$new_ticket->set('TKT_ID', 0);
+					$new_ticket->set('TKT_deleted', 0);
+					$new_ticket->set('TKT_sold', 0);
+					// now we need to make sure that $new prices are created as well and attached to new ticket.
+					$update_prices = true;
+					$ticket        = $new_ticket;
+				}
+			} else {
+				// no TKT_id so a new ticket
+				$ticket_values['TKT_price'] = $ticket_price;
+				$ticket                     = EE_Ticket::new_instance($ticket_values, $event_timezone, $date_formats);
+				$update_prices              = true;
+			}
+			if (! $ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Something went wrong! A valid Ticket could not be generated or retrieved using the supplied data: %1$s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						print_r($ticket_values, true)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			// cap ticket qty by datetime reg limits
+			$ticket->set_qty(min($ticket->qty(), $ticket->qty('reg_limit')));
+			// update ticket.
+			$ticket->save();
+			// before going any further make sure our dates are setup correctly
+			// so that the end date is always equal or greater than the start date.
+			if ($ticket->get_raw('TKT_start_date') > $ticket->get_raw('TKT_end_date')) {
+				$ticket->set('TKT_end_date', $ticket->get('TKT_start_date'));
+				$ticket = EEH_DTT_Helper::date_time_add($ticket, 'TKT_end_date', 'days');
+				$ticket->save();
+			}
+			// initially let's add the ticket to the datetime
+			$datetime->_add_relation_to($ticket, 'Ticket');
+			$saved_tickets[ $ticket->ID() ] = $ticket;
+			// add prices to ticket
+			$prices_data = isset($data['edit_prices'][ $row ]) && is_array($data['edit_prices'][ $row ])
+				? $data['edit_prices'][ $row ]
+				: [];
+			$this->_add_prices_to_ticket($prices_data, $ticket, $update_prices);
+		}
+		// however now we need to handle permanently deleting tickets via the ui.
+		// Keep in mind that the ui does not allow deleting/archiving tickets that have ticket sold.
+		// However, it does allow for deleting tickets that have no tickets sold,
+		// in which case we want to get rid of permanently because there is no need to save in db.
+		$old_tickets     = isset($old_tickets[0]) && $old_tickets[0] === '' ? [] : $old_tickets;
+		$tickets_removed = array_diff($old_tickets, array_keys($saved_tickets));
+		foreach ($tickets_removed as $id) {
+			$id = absint($id);
+			// get the ticket for this id
+			$ticket_to_remove = EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_one_by_ID($id);
+			if (! $ticket_to_remove instanceof EE_Ticket) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			// need to get all the related datetimes on this ticket and remove from every single one of them
+			// (remember this process can ONLY kick off if there are NO tickets sold)
+			$related_datetimes = $ticket_to_remove->get_many_related('Datetime');
+			foreach ($related_datetimes as $related_datetime) {
+				$ticket_to_remove->_remove_relation_to($related_datetime, 'Datetime');
+			}
+			// need to do the same for prices (except these prices can also be deleted because again,
+			// tickets can only be trashed if they don't have any TKTs sold (otherwise they are just archived))
+			$ticket_to_remove->delete_related_permanently('Price');
+			// finally let's delete this ticket
+			// (which should not be blocked at this point b/c we've removed all our relationships)
+			$ticket_to_remove->delete_permanently();
+		}
+		return [$datetime, $saved_tickets];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This attaches a list of given prices to a ticket.
+	 * Note we dont' have to worry about ever removing relationships (or archiving prices)
+	 * because if there is a change in price information on a ticket, a new ticket is created anyways
+	 * so the archived ticket will retain the old price info and prices are automatically "archived" via the ticket.
+	 *
+	 * @access  private
+	 * @param array     $prices_data Array of prices from the form.
+	 * @param EE_Ticket $ticket      EE_Ticket object that prices are being attached to.
+	 * @param bool      $new_prices  Whether attach existing incoming prices or create new ones.
+	 * @return  void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _add_prices_to_ticket($prices_data, EE_Ticket $ticket, $new_prices = false)
+	{
+		$timezone = $ticket->get_timezone();
+		foreach ($prices_data as $row => $price_data) {
+			$price_values = [
+				'PRC_ID'         => ! empty($price_data['PRC_ID']) ? $price_data['PRC_ID'] : null,
+				'PRT_ID'         => ! empty($price_data['PRT_ID']) ? $price_data['PRT_ID'] : null,
+				'PRC_amount'     => ! empty($price_data['PRC_amount']) ? $price_data['PRC_amount'] : 0,
+				'PRC_name'       => ! empty($price_data['PRC_name']) ? $price_data['PRC_name'] : '',
+				'PRC_desc'       => ! empty($price_data['PRC_desc']) ? $price_data['PRC_desc'] : '',
+				'PRC_is_default' => 0, // make sure prices are NOT set as default from this context
+				'PRC_order'      => $row,
+			];
+			if ($new_prices || empty($price_values['PRC_ID'])) {
+				$price_values['PRC_ID'] = 0;
+				$price                  = EE_Price::new_instance($price_values, $timezone);
+			} else {
+				$price = EEM_Price::instance($timezone)->get_one_by_ID($price_data['PRC_ID']);
+				// update this price with new values
+				foreach ($price_values as $field => $new_price) {
+					$price->set($field, $new_price);
+				}
+			}
+			if (! $price instanceof EE_Price) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Something went wrong! A valid Price could not be generated or retrieved using the supplied data: %1$s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						print_r($price_values, true)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$price->save();
+			$ticket->_add_relation_to($price, 'Price');
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Add in our autosave ajax handlers
+	 *
+	 */
+	protected function _ee_autosave_create_new()
+	{
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * More autosave handlers.
+	 */
+	protected function _ee_autosave_edit()
+	{
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _generate_publish_box_extra_content()
+	{
+		// load formatter helper
+		// args for getting related registrations
+		$approved_query_args        = [
+			[
+				'REG_deleted' => 0,
+				'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
+			],
+		];
+		$not_approved_query_args    = [
+			[
+				'REG_deleted' => 0,
+				'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_not_approved,
+			],
+		];
+		$pending_payment_query_args = [
+			[
+				'REG_deleted' => 0,
+				'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_pending_payment,
+			],
+		];
+		// publish box
+		$publish_box_extra_args = [
+			'view_approved_reg_url'        => add_query_arg(
+				[
+					'action'      => 'default',
+					'event_id'    => $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID(),
+					'_reg_status' => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
+				],
+				REG_ADMIN_URL
+			),
+			'view_not_approved_reg_url'    => add_query_arg(
+				[
+					'action'      => 'default',
+					'event_id'    => $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID(),
+					'_reg_status' => EEM_Registration::status_id_not_approved,
+				],
+				REG_ADMIN_URL
+			),
+			'view_pending_payment_reg_url' => add_query_arg(
+				[
+					'action'      => 'default',
+					'event_id'    => $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID(),
+					'_reg_status' => EEM_Registration::status_id_pending_payment,
+				],
+				REG_ADMIN_URL
+			),
+			'approved_regs'                => $this->_cpt_model_obj->count_related(
+				'Registration',
+				$approved_query_args
+			),
+			'not_approved_regs'            => $this->_cpt_model_obj->count_related(
+				'Registration',
+				$not_approved_query_args
+			),
+			'pending_payment_regs'         => $this->_cpt_model_obj->count_related(
+				'Registration',
+				$pending_payment_query_args
+			),
+			'misc_pub_section_class'       => apply_filters(
+				'FHEE_Events_Admin_Page___generate_publish_box_extra_content__misc_pub_section_class',
+				'misc-pub-section'
+			),
+		];
+		ob_start();
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__Events_Admin_Page___generate_publish_box_extra_content__event_editor_overview_add',
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj
+		);
+		$publish_box_extra_args['event_editor_overview_add'] = ob_get_clean();
+		// load template
+		EEH_Template::display_template(
+			EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_publish_box_extras.template.php',
+			$publish_box_extra_args
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EE_Event
+	 */
+	public function get_event_object()
+	{
+		return $this->_cpt_model_obj;
+	}
+
+
+
+
+	/** METABOXES * */
+	/**
+	 * _register_event_editor_meta_boxes
+	 * add all metaboxes related to the event_editor
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _register_event_editor_meta_boxes()
+	{
+		$this->verify_cpt_object();
+		$use_advanced_editor = $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor();
+		// check if the new EDTR reg options meta box is being used, and if so, don't load the legacy version
+		if (! $use_advanced_editor || ! $this->feature->allowed('use_reg_options_meta_box')) {
+			$this->addMetaBox(
+				'espresso_event_editor_event_options',
+				esc_html__('Event Registration Options', 'event_espresso'),
+				[$this, 'registration_options_meta_box'],
+				$this->page_slug,
+				'side'
+			);
+		}
+		if (! $use_advanced_editor) {
+			$this->addMetaBox(
+				'espresso_event_editor_tickets',
+				esc_html__('Event Datetime & Ticket', 'event_espresso'),
+				[$this, 'ticket_metabox'],
+				$this->page_slug,
+				'normal',
+				'high'
+			);
+		} elseif ($this->feature->allowed('use_reg_options_meta_box')) {
+			add_action(
+				'add_meta_boxes_espresso_events',
+				function () {
+					global $current_screen;
+					remove_meta_box('authordiv', $current_screen, 'normal');
+				},
+				99
+			);
+		}
+		// NOTE: if you're looking for other metaboxes in here,
+		// where a metabox has a related management page in the admin
+		// you will find it setup in the related management page's "_Hooks" file.
+		// i.e. messages metabox is found in "espresso_events_Messages_Hooks.class.php".
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function ticket_metabox()
+	{
+		$existing_datetime_ids = $existing_ticket_ids = [];
+		// defaults for template args
+		$template_args = [
+			'existing_datetime_ids'    => '',
+			'event_datetime_help_link' => '',
+			'ticket_options_help_link' => '',
+			'time'                     => null,
+			'ticket_rows'              => '',
+			'existing_ticket_ids'      => '',
+			'total_ticket_rows'        => 1,
+			'ticket_js_structure'      => '',
+			'trash_icon'               => 'dashicons dashicons-lock',
+			'disabled'                 => '',
+		];
+		$event_id      = is_object($this->_cpt_model_obj) ? $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() : null;
+		/**
+		 * 1. Start with retrieving Datetimes
+		 * 2. Fore each datetime get related tickets
+		 * 3. For each ticket get related prices
+		 */
+		/** @var EEM_Datetime $datetime_model */
+		$datetime_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Datetime');
+		/** @var EEM_Ticket $datetime_model */
+		$ticket_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket');
+		$times        = $datetime_model->get_all_event_dates($event_id);
+		/** @type EE_Datetime $first_datetime */
+		$first_datetime = reset($times);
+		// do we get related tickets?
+		if (
+			$first_datetime instanceof EE_Datetime
+			&& $first_datetime->ID() !== 0
+		) {
+			$existing_datetime_ids[] = $first_datetime->get('DTT_ID');
+			$template_args['time']   = $first_datetime;
+			$related_tickets         = $first_datetime->tickets(
+				[
+					['OR' => ['TKT_deleted' => 1, 'TKT_deleted*' => 0]],
+					'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
+				]
+			);
+			if (! empty($related_tickets)) {
+				$template_args['total_ticket_rows'] = count($related_tickets);
+				$row                                = 0;
+				foreach ($related_tickets as $ticket) {
+					$existing_ticket_ids[]        = $ticket->get('TKT_ID');
+					$template_args['ticket_rows'] .= $this->_get_ticket_row($ticket, false, $row);
+					$row++;
+				}
+			} else {
+				$template_args['total_ticket_rows'] = 1;
+				/** @type EE_Ticket $ticket */
+				$ticket                       = $ticket_model->create_default_object();
+				$template_args['ticket_rows'] .= $this->_get_ticket_row($ticket);
+			}
+		} else {
+			$template_args['time'] = $times[0];
+			/** @type EE_Ticket[] $tickets */
+			$tickets                      = $ticket_model->get_all_default_tickets();
+			$template_args['ticket_rows'] .= $this->_get_ticket_row($tickets[1]);
+			// NOTE: we're just sending the first default row
+			// (decaf can't manage default tickets so this should be sufficient);
+		}
+		$template_args['event_datetime_help_link'] = $this->_get_help_tab_link(
+			'event_editor_event_datetimes_help_tab'
+		);
+		$template_args['ticket_options_help_link'] = $this->_get_help_tab_link('ticket_options_info');
+		$template_args['existing_datetime_ids']    = implode(',', $existing_datetime_ids);
+		$template_args['existing_ticket_ids']      = implode(',', $existing_ticket_ids);
+		$template_args['ticket_js_structure']      = $this->_get_ticket_row(
+			$ticket_model->create_default_object(),
+			true
+		);
+		$template                                  = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__ticket_metabox__template',
+			EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_tickets_metabox_main.template.php'
+		);
+		EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Setup an individual ticket form for the decaf event editor page
+	 *
+	 * @access private
+	 * @param EE_Ticket $ticket   the ticket object
+	 * @param boolean   $skeleton whether we're generating a skeleton for js manipulation
+	 * @param int       $row
+	 * @return string generated html for the ticket row.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _get_ticket_row($ticket, $skeleton = false, $row = 0)
+	{
+		$template_args = [
+			'tkt_status_class'    => ' tkt-status-' . $ticket->ticket_status(),
+			'tkt_archive_class'   => $ticket->ticket_status() === EE_Ticket::archived && ! $skeleton ? ' tkt-archived'
+				: '',
+			'ticketrow'           => $skeleton ? 'TICKETNUM' : $row,
+			'TKT_ID'              => $ticket->get('TKT_ID'),
+			'TKT_name'            => $ticket->get('TKT_name'),
+			'TKT_start_date'      => $skeleton ? '' : $ticket->get_date('TKT_start_date', 'Y-m-d h:i a'),
+			'TKT_end_date'        => $skeleton ? '' : $ticket->get_date('TKT_end_date', 'Y-m-d h:i a'),
+			'TKT_is_default'      => $ticket->get('TKT_is_default'),
+			'TKT_qty'             => $ticket->get_pretty('TKT_qty', 'input'),
+			'edit_ticketrow_name' => $skeleton ? 'TICKETNAMEATTR' : 'edit_tickets',
+			'TKT_sold'            => $skeleton ? 0 : $ticket->get('TKT_sold'),
+			'trash_icon'          => ($skeleton || (! empty($ticket) && ! $ticket->get('TKT_deleted')))
+									 && (! empty($ticket) && $ticket->get('TKT_sold') === 0)
+				? 'trash-icon dashicons dashicons-post-trash clickable' : 'dashicons dashicons-lock',
+			'disabled'            => $skeleton || (! empty($ticket) && ! $ticket->get('TKT_deleted')) ? ''
+				: ' disabled=disabled',
+		];
+		$price         = $ticket->ID() !== 0
+			? $ticket->get_first_related('Price', ['default_where_conditions' => 'none'])
+			: null;
+		$price         = $price instanceof EE_Price
+			? $price
+			: EEM_Price::instance()->create_default_object();
+		$price_args    = [
+			'price_currency_symbol' => EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->currency->sign,
+			'PRC_amount'            => $price->get('PRC_amount'),
+			'PRT_ID'                => $price->get('PRT_ID'),
+			'PRC_ID'                => $price->get('PRC_ID'),
+			'PRC_is_default'        => $price->get('PRC_is_default'),
+		];
+		// make sure we have default start and end dates if skeleton
+		// handle rows that should NOT be empty
+		if (empty($template_args['TKT_start_date'])) {
+			// if empty then the start date will be now.
+			$template_args['TKT_start_date'] = date('Y-m-d h:i a', current_time('timestamp'));
+		}
+		if (empty($template_args['TKT_end_date'])) {
+			// get the earliest datetime (if present);
+			$earliest_datetime             = $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() > 0
+				? $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_first_related(
+					'Datetime',
+					['order_by' => ['DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC']]
+				)
+				: null;
+			$template_args['TKT_end_date'] = $earliest_datetime instanceof EE_Datetime
+				? $earliest_datetime->get_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', 'Y-m-d', 'h:i a')
+				: date('Y-m-d h:i a', mktime(0, 0, 0, date('m'), date('d') + 7, date('Y')));
+		}
+		$template_args = array_merge($template_args, $price_args);
+		$template      = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__get_ticket_row__template',
+			EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_tickets_metabox_ticket_row.template.php',
+			$ticket
+		);
+		return EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function registration_options_meta_box()
+	{
+		$yes_no_values             = [
+			['id' => true, 'text' => esc_html__('Yes', 'event_espresso')],
+			['id' => false, 'text' => esc_html__('No', 'event_espresso')],
+		];
+		$default_reg_status_values = EEM_Registration::reg_status_array(
+			[
+				EEM_Registration::status_id_cancelled,
+				EEM_Registration::status_id_declined,
+				EEM_Registration::status_id_incomplete,
+			],
+			true
+		);
+		// $template_args['is_active_select'] = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input('is_active', $yes_no_values, $this->_cpt_model_obj->is_active());
+		$template_args['_event']                          = $this->_cpt_model_obj;
+		$template_args['event']                           = $this->_cpt_model_obj;
+		$template_args['active_status']                   = $this->_cpt_model_obj->pretty_active_status(false);
+		$template_args['additional_limit']                = $this->_cpt_model_obj->additional_limit();
+		$template_args['default_registration_status']     = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
+			'default_reg_status',
+			$default_reg_status_values,
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj->default_registration_status()
+		);
+		$template_args['display_description']             = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
+			'display_desc',
+			$yes_no_values,
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj->display_description()
+		);
+		$template_args['display_ticket_selector']         = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
+			'display_ticket_selector',
+			$yes_no_values,
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj->display_ticket_selector(),
+			'',
+			'',
+			false
+		);
+		$template_args['additional_registration_options'] = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__registration_options_meta_box__additional_registration_options',
+			'',
+			$template_args,
+			$yes_no_values,
+			$default_reg_status_values
+		);
+		EEH_Template::display_template(
+			EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_registration_options.template.php',
+			$template_args
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _get_events()
+	 * This method simply returns all the events (for the given _view and paging)
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param int  $per_page     count of items per page (20 default);
+	 * @param int  $current_page what is the current page being viewed.
+	 * @param bool $count        if TRUE then we just return a count of ALL events matching the given _view.
+	 *                           If FALSE then we return an array of event objects
+	 *                           that match the given _view and paging parameters.
+	 * @return array|int         an array of event objects or a count of them.
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function get_events($per_page = 10, $current_page = 1, $count = false)
+	{
+		$EEM_Event   = $this->_event_model();
+		$offset      = ($current_page - 1) * $per_page;
+		$limit       = $count ? null : $offset . ',' . $per_page;
+		$orderby     = $this->request->getRequestParam('orderby', 'EVT_ID');
+		$order       = $this->request->getRequestParam('order', 'DESC');
+		$month_range = $this->request->getRequestParam('month_range');
+		if ($month_range) {
+			$pieces = explode(' ', $month_range, 3);
+			// simulate the FIRST day of the month, that fixes issues for months like February
+			// where PHP doesn't know what to assume for date.
+			// @see https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/10437
+			$month_r = ! empty($pieces[0]) ? date('m', EEH_DTT_Helper::first_of_month_timestamp($pieces[0])) : '';
+			$year_r  = ! empty($pieces[1]) ? $pieces[1] : '';
+		}
+		$where  = [];
+		$status = $this->request->getRequestParam('status');
+		// determine what post_status our condition will have for the query.
+		switch ($status) {
+			case 'month':
+			case 'today':
+			case null:
+			case 'all':
+				break;
+			case 'draft':
+				$where['status'] = ['IN', ['draft', 'auto-draft']];
+				break;
+			default:
+				$where['status'] = $status;
+		}
+		// categories? The default for all categories is -1
+		$category = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_CAT', -1, 'int');
+		if ($category !== -1) {
+			$where['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy'] = EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY;
+			$where['Term_Taxonomy.term_id']  = $category;
+		}
+		// date where conditions
+		$start_formats = EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_formats_for('DTT_EVT_start');
+		if ($month_range) {
+			$DateTime = new DateTime(
+				$year_r . '-' . $month_r . '-01 00:00:00',
+				new DateTimeZone('UTC')
+			);
+			$start    = $DateTime->getTimestamp();
+			// set the datetime to be the end of the month
+			$DateTime->setDate(
+				$year_r,
+				$month_r,
+				$DateTime->format('t')
+			)->setTime(23, 59, 59);
+			$end                             = $DateTime->getTimestamp();
+			$where['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = ['BETWEEN', [$start, $end]];
+		} elseif ($status === 'today') {
+			$DateTime                        =
+				new DateTime('now', new DateTimeZone(EEM_Event::instance()->get_timezone()));
+			$start                           = $DateTime->setTime(0, 0)->format(implode(' ', $start_formats));
+			$end                             = $DateTime->setTime(23, 59, 59)->format(implode(' ', $start_formats));
+			$where['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = ['BETWEEN', [$start, $end]];
+		} elseif ($status === 'month') {
+			$now                             = date('Y-m-01');
+			$DateTime                        =
+				new DateTime($now, new DateTimeZone(EEM_Event::instance()->get_timezone()));
+			$start                           = $DateTime->setTime(0, 0)->format(implode(' ', $start_formats));
+			$end                             = $DateTime->setDate(date('Y'), date('m'), $DateTime->format('t'))
+														->setTime(23, 59, 59)
+														->format(implode(' ', $start_formats));
+			$where['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = ['BETWEEN', [$start, $end]];
+		}
+		if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_others_events', 'get_events')) {
+			$where['EVT_wp_user'] = get_current_user_id();
+		} else {
+			if (! isset($where['status'])) {
+				if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_private_events', 'get_events')) {
+					$where['OR'] = [
+						'status*restrict_private' => ['!=', 'private'],
+						'AND'                     => [
+							'status*inclusive' => ['=', 'private'],
+							'EVT_wp_user'      => get_current_user_id(),
+						],
+					];
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		$wp_user = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_wp_user', 0, 'int');
+		if (
+			$wp_user
+			&& $wp_user !== get_current_user_id()
+			&& EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_others_events', 'get_events')
+		) {
+			$where['EVT_wp_user'] = $wp_user;
+		}
+		// search query handling
+		$search_term = $this->request->getRequestParam('s');
+		if ($search_term) {
+			$search_term = '%' . $search_term . '%';
+			$where['OR'] = [
+				'EVT_name'       => ['LIKE', $search_term],
+				'EVT_desc'       => ['LIKE', $search_term],
+				'EVT_short_desc' => ['LIKE', $search_term],
+			];
+		}
+		// filter events by venue.
+		$venue = $this->request->getRequestParam('venue', 0, 'int');
+		if ($venue) {
+			$where['Venue.VNU_ID'] = $venue;
+		}
+		$request_params = $this->request->requestParams();
+		$where          = apply_filters('FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__get_events__where', $where, $request_params);
+		$query_params   = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__get_events__query_params',
+			[
+				$where,
+				'limit'    => $limit,
+				'order_by' => $orderby,
+				'order'    => $order,
+				'group_by' => 'EVT_ID',
+			],
+			$request_params
+		);
+
+		// let's first check if we have special requests coming in.
+		$active_status = $this->request->getRequestParam('active_status');
+		if ($active_status) {
+			switch ($active_status) {
+				case 'upcoming':
+					return $EEM_Event->get_upcoming_events($query_params, $count);
+				case 'expired':
+					return $EEM_Event->get_expired_events($query_params, $count);
+				case 'active':
+					return $EEM_Event->get_active_events($query_params, $count);
+				case 'inactive':
+					return $EEM_Event->get_inactive_events($query_params, $count);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return $count ? $EEM_Event->count([$where], 'EVT_ID', true) : $EEM_Event->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * handling for WordPress CPT actions (trash, restore, delete)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $post_id
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function trash_cpt_item($post_id)
+	{
+		$this->request->setRequestParam('EVT_ID', $post_id);
+		$this->_trash_or_restore_event('trash', false);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $post_id
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function restore_cpt_item($post_id)
+	{
+		$this->request->setRequestParam('EVT_ID', $post_id);
+		$this->_trash_or_restore_event('draft', false);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $post_id
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_cpt_item($post_id)
+	{
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			esc_html__(
+				'Please contact Event Espresso support with the details of the steps taken to produce this error.',
+				'event_espresso'
+			)
+		);
+		// $this->request->setRequestParam('EVT_ID', $post_id);
+		// $this->_delete_event();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _trash_or_restore_event
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string $event_status
+	 * @param bool   $redirect_after
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _trash_or_restore_event($event_status = 'trash', $redirect_after = true)
+	{
+		// determine the event id and set to array.
+		$EVT_ID = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_ID', 0, 'int');
+		// loop thru events
+		if ($EVT_ID) {
+			// clean status
+			$event_status = sanitize_key($event_status);
+			// grab status
+			if (! empty($event_status)) {
+				$success = $this->_change_event_status($EVT_ID, $event_status);
+			} else {
+				$success = false;
+				$msg     = esc_html__(
+					'An error occurred. The event could not be moved to the trash because a valid event status was not not supplied.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				);
+				EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			}
+		} else {
+			$success = false;
+			$msg     = esc_html__(
+				'An error occurred. The event could not be moved to the trash because a valid event ID was not not supplied.',
+				'event_espresso'
+			);
+			EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+		}
+		$action = $event_status === 'trash' ? 'moved to the trash' : 'restored from the trash';
+		if ($redirect_after) {
+			$this->_redirect_after_action($success, 'Event', $action, ['action' => 'default']);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _trash_or_restore_events
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string $event_status
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _trash_or_restore_events($event_status = 'trash')
+	{
+		// clean status
+		$event_status = sanitize_key($event_status);
+		// grab status
+		if (! empty($event_status)) {
+			$success = true;
+			// determine the event id and set to array.
+			$EVT_IDs = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_IDs', [], 'int', true);
+			// loop thru events
+			foreach ($EVT_IDs as $EVT_ID) {
+				if ($EVT_ID = absint($EVT_ID)) {
+					$results = $this->_change_event_status($EVT_ID, $event_status);
+					$success = $results !== false ? $success : false;
+				} else {
+					$msg = sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'An error occurred. Event #%d could not be moved to the trash because a valid event ID was not not supplied.',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$EVT_ID
+					);
+					EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+					$success = false;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$success = false;
+			$msg     = esc_html__(
+				'An error occurred. The event could not be moved to the trash because a valid event status was not not supplied.',
+				'event_espresso'
+			);
+			EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+		}
+		// in order to force a pluralized result message we need to send back a success status greater than 1
+		$success = $success ? 2 : false;
+		$action  = $event_status === 'trash' ? 'moved to the trash' : 'restored from the trash';
+		$this->_redirect_after_action($success, 'Events', $action, ['action' => 'default']);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int    $EVT_ID
+	 * @param string $event_status
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _change_event_status($EVT_ID = 0, $event_status = '')
+	{
+		// grab event id
+		if (! $EVT_ID) {
+			$msg = esc_html__(
+				'An error occurred. No Event ID or an invalid Event ID was received.',
+				'event_espresso'
+			);
+			EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return false;
+		}
+		$this->_cpt_model_obj = EEM_Event::instance()->get_one_by_ID($EVT_ID);
+		// clean status
+		$event_status = sanitize_key($event_status);
+		// grab status
+		if (empty($event_status)) {
+			$msg = esc_html__(
+				'An error occurred. No Event Status or an invalid Event Status was received.',
+				'event_espresso'
+			);
+			EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return false;
+		}
+		// was event trashed or restored ?
+		switch ($event_status) {
+			case 'draft':
+				$action = 'restored from the trash';
+				$hook   = 'AHEE_event_restored_from_trash';
+				break;
+			case 'trash':
+				$action = 'moved to the trash';
+				$hook   = 'AHEE_event_moved_to_trash';
+				break;
+			default:
+				$action = 'updated';
+				$hook   = false;
+		}
+		// use class to change status
+		$this->_cpt_model_obj->set_status($event_status);
+		$success = $this->_cpt_model_obj->save();
+		if (! $success) {
+			$msg = sprintf(esc_html__('An error occurred. The event could not be %s.', 'event_espresso'), $action);
+			EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return false;
+		}
+		if ($hook) {
+			do_action($hook);
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array $event_ids
+	 * @return array
+	 * @since   4.10.23.p
+	 */
+	private function cleanEventIds(array $event_ids)
+	{
+		return array_map('absint', $event_ids);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return array
+	 * @since   4.10.23.p
+	 */
+	private function getEventIdsFromRequest()
+	{
+		if ($this->request->requestParamIsSet('EVT_IDs')) {
+			return $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_IDs', [], 'int', true);
+		} else {
+			return $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_ID', [], 'int', true);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $preview_delete
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _delete_event($preview_delete = true)
+	{
+		$this->_delete_events($preview_delete);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the tree traversal batch persister.
+	 *
+	 * @return NodeGroupDao
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @since 4.10.12.p
+	 */
+	protected function getModelObjNodeGroupPersister()
+	{
+		if (! $this->model_obj_node_group_persister instanceof NodeGroupDao) {
+			$this->model_obj_node_group_persister =
+				$this->getLoader()->load('\EventEspresso\core\services\orm\tree_traversal\NodeGroupDao');
+		}
+		return $this->model_obj_node_group_persister;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $preview_delete
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _delete_events($preview_delete = true)
+	{
+		$event_ids = $this->getEventIdsFromRequest();
+		if ($preview_delete) {
+			$this->generateDeletionPreview($event_ids);
+		} else {
+			EEM_Event::instance()->delete_permanently([['EVT_ID' => ['IN', $event_ids]]]);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array $event_ids
+	 */
+	protected function generateDeletionPreview(array $event_ids)
+	{
+		$event_ids = $this->cleanEventIds($event_ids);
+		// Set a code we can use to reference this deletion task in the batch jobs and preview page.
+		$deletion_job_code = $this->getModelObjNodeGroupPersister()->generateGroupCode();
+		$return_url        = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			[
+				'action'            => 'preview_deletion',
+				'deletion_job_code' => $deletion_job_code,
+			],
+			$this->_admin_base_url
+		);
+		EEH_URL::safeRedirectAndExit(
+			EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+				[
+					'page'              => EED_Batch::PAGE_SLUG,
+					'batch'             => EED_Batch::batch_job,
+					'EVT_IDs'           => $event_ids,
+					'deletion_job_code' => $deletion_job_code,
+					'job_handler'       => urlencode('EventEspressoBatchRequest\JobHandlers\PreviewEventDeletion'),
+					'return_url'        => urlencode($return_url),
+				],
+				admin_url()
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks for a POST submission
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.10.12.p
+	 */
+	protected function confirmDeletion()
+	{
+		$deletion_redirect_logic =
+			$this->getLoader()->getShared('\EventEspresso\core\domain\services\admin\events\data\ConfirmDeletion');
+		$deletion_redirect_logic->handle($this->get_request_data(), $this->admin_base_url());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * A page for users to preview what exactly will be deleted, and confirm they want to delete it.
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @since 4.10.12.p
+	 */
+	protected function previewDeletion()
+	{
+		$preview_deletion_logic =
+			$this->getLoader()->getShared('\EventEspresso\core\domain\services\admin\events\data\PreviewDeletion');
+		$this->set_template_args($preview_deletion_logic->handle($this->get_request_data(), $this->admin_base_url()));
+		$this->display_admin_page_with_no_sidebar();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get total number of events
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function total_events()
+	{
+		return EEM_Event::instance()->count(
+			['caps' => 'read_admin'],
+			'EVT_ID',
+			true
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get total number of draft events
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function total_events_draft()
+	{
+		return EEM_Event::instance()->count(
+			[
+				['status' => ['IN', ['draft', 'auto-draft']]],
+				'caps' => 'read_admin',
+			],
+			'EVT_ID',
+			true
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get total number of trashed events
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function total_trashed_events()
+	{
+		return EEM_Event::instance()->count(
+			[
+				['status' => 'trash'],
+				'caps' => 'read_admin',
+			],
+			'EVT_ID',
+			true
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    _default_event_settings
+	 *    This generates the Default Settings Tab
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	protected function _default_event_settings()
+	{
+		$this->_set_add_edit_form_tags('update_default_event_settings');
+		$this->_set_publish_post_box_vars(null, false, false, null, false);
+		$this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = EEH_HTML::div(
+			$this->_default_event_settings_form()->get_html(),
+			'',
+			'padding'
+		);
+		$this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the form for event settings.
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _default_event_settings_form()
+	{
+		$registration_config              = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration;
+		$registration_stati_for_selection = EEM_Registration::reg_status_array(
+		// exclude
+			[
+				EEM_Registration::status_id_cancelled,
+				EEM_Registration::status_id_declined,
+				EEM_Registration::status_id_incomplete,
+				EEM_Registration::status_id_wait_list,
+			],
+			true
+		);
+		// setup Advanced Editor ???
+		if (
+			$this->raw_req_action === 'default_event_settings'
+			|| $this->raw_req_action === 'update_default_event_settings'
+		) {
+			$this->advanced_editor_admin_form = $this->loader->getShared(AdvancedEditorAdminFormSection::class);
+		}
+		return new EE_Form_Section_Proper(
+			[
+				'name'            => 'update_default_event_settings',
+				'html_id'         => 'update_default_event_settings',
+				'html_class'      => 'form-table',
+				'layout_strategy' => new EE_Admin_Two_Column_Layout(),
+				'subsections'     => apply_filters(
+					'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page___default_event_settings_form__form_subsections',
+					[
+						'defaults_section_header' => new EE_Form_Section_HTML(
+							EEH_HTML::h2(
+								esc_html__('Default Settings', 'event_espresso'),
+								'',
+								'ee-admin-settings-hdr'
+							)
+						),
+						'default_reg_status'  => new EE_Select_Input(
+							$registration_stati_for_selection,
+							[
+								'default'         => isset($registration_config->default_STS_ID)
+													 && array_key_exists(
+														 $registration_config->default_STS_ID,
+														 $registration_stati_for_selection
+													 )
+									? sanitize_text_field($registration_config->default_STS_ID)
+									: EEM_Registration::status_id_pending_payment,
+								'html_label_text' => esc_html__('Default Registration Status', 'event_espresso')
+													 . EEH_Template::get_help_tab_link(
+														 'default_settings_status_help_tab'
+													 ),
+								'html_help_text'  => esc_html__(
+									'This setting allows you to preselect what the default registration status setting is when creating an event.  Note that changing this setting does NOT retroactively apply it to existing events.',
+									'event_espresso'
+								),
+							]
+						),
+						'default_max_tickets' => new EE_Integer_Input(
+							[
+								'default'         => isset($registration_config->default_maximum_number_of_tickets)
+									? $registration_config->default_maximum_number_of_tickets
+									: EEM_Event::get_default_additional_limit(),
+								'html_label_text' => esc_html__(
+									'Default Maximum Tickets Allowed Per Order:',
+									'event_espresso'
+								)
+													 . EEH_Template::get_help_tab_link(
+														 'default_maximum_tickets_help_tab"'
+													 ),
+								'html_help_text'  => esc_html__(
+									'This setting allows you to indicate what will be the default for the maximum number of tickets per order when creating new events.',
+									'event_espresso'
+								),
+							]
+						),
+					]
+				),
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	protected function _update_default_event_settings()
+	{
+		$form = $this->_default_event_settings_form();
+		if ($form->was_submitted()) {
+			$form->receive_form_submission();
+			if ($form->is_valid()) {
+				$registration_config = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration;
+				$valid_data          = $form->valid_data();
+				if (isset($valid_data['default_reg_status'])) {
+					$registration_config->default_STS_ID = $valid_data['default_reg_status'];
+				}
+				if (isset($valid_data['default_max_tickets'])) {
+					$registration_config->default_maximum_number_of_tickets = $valid_data['default_max_tickets'];
+				}
+				do_action(
+					'AHEE__Events_Admin_Page___update_default_event_settings',
+					$valid_data,
+					EE_Registry::instance()->CFG,
+					$this
+				);
+				// update because data was valid!
+				EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->update_espresso_config();
+				EE_Error::overwrite_success();
+				EE_Error::add_success(
+					esc_html__('Default Event Settings were updated', 'event_espresso')
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_redirect_after_action(0, '', '', ['action' => 'default_event_settings'], true);
+	}
+
+
+	/*************        Templates        *************
      *
-     * @var EE_Event $_event
-     */
-    protected $_event;
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will hold the category object for category_details screen.
-     *
-     * @var stdClass $_category
-     */
-    protected $_category;
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will hold the event model instance
-     *
-     * @var EEM_Event $_event_model
-     */
-    protected $_event_model;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Event
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_model_obj = false;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @var NodeGroupDao
-     */
-    protected $model_obj_node_group_persister;
-
-    /**
-     * @var AdvancedEditorAdminFormSection
-     */
-    protected $advanced_editor_admin_form;
-
-
-    /**
-     * Initialize page props for this admin page group.
-     */
-    protected function _init_page_props()
-    {
-        $this->page_slug        = EVENTS_PG_SLUG;
-        $this->page_label       = EVENTS_LABEL;
-        $this->_admin_base_url  = EVENTS_ADMIN_URL;
-        $this->_admin_base_path = EVENTS_ADMIN;
-        $this->_cpt_model_names = [
-            'create_new' => 'EEM_Event',
-            'edit'       => 'EEM_Event',
-        ];
-        $this->_cpt_edit_routes = [
-            'espresso_events' => 'edit',
-        ];
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__set_model_object__after_set_object',
-            [$this, 'verify_event_edit'],
-            10,
-            2
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the ajax hooks used for this admin page group.
-     */
-    protected function _ajax_hooks()
-    {
-        add_action('wp_ajax_ee_save_timezone_setting', [$this, 'saveTimezoneString']);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the page properties for this admin page group.
-     */
-    protected function _define_page_props()
-    {
-        $this->_admin_page_title = EVENTS_LABEL;
-        $this->_labels           = [
-            'buttons'      => [
-                'add'             => esc_html__('Add New Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                'edit'            => esc_html__('Edit Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                'delete'          => esc_html__('Delete Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                'add_category'    => esc_html__('Add New Category', 'event_espresso'),
-                'edit_category'   => esc_html__('Edit Category', 'event_espresso'),
-                'delete_category' => esc_html__('Delete Category', 'event_espresso'),
-            ],
-            'editor_title' => [
-                'espresso_events' => esc_html__('Enter event title here', 'event_espresso'),
-            ],
-            'publishbox'   => [
-                'create_new'        => esc_html__('Save New Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                'edit'              => esc_html__('Update Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                'add_category'      => esc_html__('Save New Category', 'event_espresso'),
-                'edit_category'     => esc_html__('Update Category', 'event_espresso'),
-                'template_settings' => esc_html__('Update Settings', 'event_espresso'),
-            ],
-        ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the page routes property for this admin page group.
-     */
-    protected function _set_page_routes()
-    {
-        // load formatter helper
-        // load field generator helper
-        // is there a evt_id in the request?
-        $EVT_ID = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_ID', 0, 'int');
-        $EVT_ID = $this->request->getRequestParam('post', $EVT_ID, 'int');
-
-        $this->_page_routes = [
-            'default'                       => [
-                'func'       => '_events_overview_list_table',
-                'capability' => 'ee_read_events',
-            ],
-            'create_new'                    => [
-                'func'       => '_create_new_cpt_item',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_events',
-            ],
-            'edit'                          => [
-                'func'       => '_edit_cpt_item',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_event',
-                'obj_id'     => $EVT_ID,
-            ],
-            'copy_event'                    => [
-                'func'       => '_copy_events',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_event',
-                'obj_id'     => $EVT_ID,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'trash_event'                   => [
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_event',
-                'args'       => ['event_status' => 'trash'],
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_event',
-                'obj_id'     => $EVT_ID,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'trash_events'                  => [
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_events',
-                'args'       => ['event_status' => 'trash'],
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_events',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'restore_event'                 => [
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_event',
-                'args'       => ['event_status' => 'draft'],
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_event',
-                'obj_id'     => $EVT_ID,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'restore_events'                => [
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_events',
-                'args'       => ['event_status' => 'draft'],
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_events',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'delete_event'                  => [
-                'func'       => '_delete_event',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_event',
-                'obj_id'     => $EVT_ID,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'delete_events'                 => [
-                'func'       => '_delete_events',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_events',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'view_report'                   => [
-                'func'       => '_view_report',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_events',
-            ],
-            'default_event_settings'        => [
-                'func'       => '_default_event_settings',
-                'capability' => 'manage_options',
-            ],
-            'update_default_event_settings' => [
-                'func'       => '_update_default_event_settings',
-                'capability' => 'manage_options',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'template_settings'             => [
-                'func'       => '_template_settings',
-                'capability' => 'manage_options',
-            ],
-            // event category tab related
-            'add_category'                  => [
-                'func'       => '_category_details',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_event_category',
-                'args'       => ['add'],
-            ],
-            'edit_category'                 => [
-                'func'       => '_category_details',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_event_category',
-                'args'       => ['edit'],
-            ],
-            'delete_categories'             => [
-                'func'       => '_delete_categories',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_event_category',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'delete_category'               => [
-                'func'       => '_delete_categories',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_event_category',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'insert_category'               => [
-                'func'       => '_insert_or_update_category',
-                'args'       => ['new_category' => true],
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_event_category',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'update_category'               => [
-                'func'       => '_insert_or_update_category',
-                'args'       => ['new_category' => false],
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_event_category',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-            'category_list'                 => [
-                'func'       => '_category_list_table',
-                'capability' => 'ee_manage_event_categories',
-            ],
-            'preview_deletion'              => [
-                'func'       => 'previewDeletion',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_events',
-            ],
-            'confirm_deletion'              => [
-                'func'       => 'confirmDeletion',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_events',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ],
-        ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set the _page_config property for this admin page group.
-     */
-    protected function _set_page_config()
-    {
-        $post_id            = $this->request->getRequestParam('post', 0, 'int');
-        $EVT_CAT_ID         = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_CAT_ID', 0, 'int');
-        $this->_page_config = [
-            'default'                => [
-                'nav'           => [
-                    'label' => esc_html__('Overview', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'icon' => 'dashicons-list-view',
-                    'order' => 10,
-                ],
-                'list_table'    => 'Events_Admin_List_Table',
-                'help_tabs'     => [
-                    'events_overview_help_tab'                       => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Events Overview', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_overview',
-                    ],
-                    'events_overview_table_column_headings_help_tab' => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Events Overview Table Column Headings', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_overview_table_column_headings',
-                    ],
-                    'events_overview_filters_help_tab'               => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Events Overview Filters', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_overview_filters',
-                    ],
-                    'events_overview_view_help_tab'                  => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Events Overview Views', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_overview_views',
-                    ],
-                    'events_overview_other_help_tab'                 => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Events Overview Other', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_overview_other',
-                    ],
-                ],
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ],
-            'create_new'             => [
-                'nav'           => [
-                    'label'      => esc_html__('Add New Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'icon' => 'dashicons-plus-alt',
-                    'order'      => 15,
-                    'persistent' => false,
-                ],
-                'metaboxes'     => ['_register_event_editor_meta_boxes'],
-                'help_tabs'     => [
-                    'event_editor_help_tab'                            => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Editor', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_title_richtexteditor_help_tab'       => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Title & Rich Text Editor', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_title_richtexteditor',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_venue_details_help_tab'              => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Venue Details', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_venue_details',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_event_datetimes_help_tab'            => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Datetimes', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_event_datetimes',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_event_tickets_help_tab'              => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Tickets', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_event_tickets',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_event_registration_options_help_tab' => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Registration Options', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_event_registration_options',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_tags_categories_help_tab'            => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Tags & Categories', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_tags_categories',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_questions_registrants_help_tab'      => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Questions for Registrants', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_questions_registrants',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_save_new_event_help_tab'             => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Save New Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_save_new_event',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_other_help_tab'                      => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Other', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_other',
-                    ],
-                ],
-                'qtips'         => ['EE_Event_Editor_Decaf_Tips'],
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ],
-            'edit'                   => [
-                'nav'           => [
-                    'label'      => esc_html__('Edit Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'icon' => 'dashicons-edit',
-                    'order'      => 15,
-                    'persistent' => false,
-                    'url'        => $post_id
-                        ? EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-                            ['post' => $post_id, 'action' => 'edit'],
-                            $this->_current_page_view_url
-                        )
-                        : $this->_admin_base_url,
-                ],
-                'metaboxes'     => ['_register_event_editor_meta_boxes'],
-                'help_tabs'     => [
-                    'event_editor_help_tab'                            => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Editor', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_title_richtexteditor_help_tab'       => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Title & Rich Text Editor', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_title_richtexteditor',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_venue_details_help_tab'              => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Venue Details', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_venue_details',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_event_datetimes_help_tab'            => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Datetimes', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_event_datetimes',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_event_tickets_help_tab'              => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Tickets', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_event_tickets',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_event_registration_options_help_tab' => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Registration Options', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_event_registration_options',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_tags_categories_help_tab'            => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Tags & Categories', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_tags_categories',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_questions_registrants_help_tab'      => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Questions for Registrants', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_questions_registrants',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_save_new_event_help_tab'             => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Save New Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_save_new_event',
-                    ],
-                    'event_editor_other_help_tab'                      => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Other', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'event_editor_other',
-                    ],
-                ],
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ],
-            'default_event_settings' => [
-                'nav'           => [
-                    'label' => esc_html__('Default Settings', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'icon' => 'dashicons-admin-generic',
-                    'order' => 40,
-                ],
-                'metaboxes'     => array_merge(['_publish_post_box'], $this->_default_espresso_metaboxes),
-                'labels'        => [
-                    'publishbox' => esc_html__('Update Settings', 'event_espresso'),
-                ],
-                'help_tabs'     => [
-                    'default_settings_help_tab'        => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Default Event Settings', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_default_settings',
-                    ],
-                    'default_settings_status_help_tab' => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Default Registration Status', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_default_settings_status',
-                    ],
-                    'default_maximum_tickets_help_tab' => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Default Maximum Tickets Per Order', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_default_settings_max_tickets',
-                    ],
-                ],
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ],
-            // template settings
-            'template_settings'      => [
-                'nav'           => [
-                    'label' => esc_html__('Templates', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'icon' => 'dashicons-layout',
-                    'order' => 30,
-                ],
-                'metaboxes'     => $this->_default_espresso_metaboxes,
-                'help_tabs'     => [
-                    'general_settings_templates_help_tab' => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Templates', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'general_settings_templates',
-                    ],
-                ],
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ],
-            // event category stuff
-            'add_category'           => [
-                'nav'           => [
-                    'label'      => esc_html__('Add Category', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'icon' => 'dashicons-plus-alt',
-                    'order'      => 25,
-                    'persistent' => false,
-                ],
-                'help_tabs'     => [
-                    'add_category_help_tab' => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Add New Event Category', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_add_category',
-                    ],
-                ],
-                'metaboxes'     => ['_publish_post_box'],
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ],
-            'edit_category'          => [
-                'nav'           => [
-                    'label'      => esc_html__('Edit Category', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'icon' => 'dashicons-edit',
-                    'order'      => 25,
-                    'persistent' => false,
-                    'url'        => $EVT_CAT_ID
-                        ? add_query_arg(
-                            ['EVT_CAT_ID' => $EVT_CAT_ID],
-                            $this->_current_page_view_url
-                        )
-                        : $this->_admin_base_url,
-                ],
-                'help_tabs'     => [
-                    'edit_category_help_tab' => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Edit Event Category', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_edit_category',
-                    ],
-                ],
-                'metaboxes'     => ['_publish_post_box'],
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ],
-            'category_list'          => [
-                'nav'           => [
-                    'label' => esc_html__('Categories', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'icon' => 'dashicons-networking',
-                    'order' => 20,
-                ],
-                'list_table'    => 'Event_Categories_Admin_List_Table',
-                'help_tabs'     => [
-                    'events_categories_help_tab'                       => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Categories', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_categories',
-                    ],
-                    'events_categories_table_column_headings_help_tab' => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Categories Table Column Headings', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_categories_table_column_headings',
-                    ],
-                    'events_categories_view_help_tab'                  => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Categories Views', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_categories_views',
-                    ],
-                    'events_categories_other_help_tab'                 => [
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Event Categories Other', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'events_categories_other',
-                    ],
-                ],
-                'metaboxes'     => $this->_default_espresso_metaboxes,
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ],
-            'preview_deletion'       => [
-                'nav'           => [
-                    'label'      => esc_html__('Preview Deletion', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'icon' => 'dashicons-remove',
-                    'order'      => 15,
-                    'persistent' => false,
-                    'url'        => '',
-                ],
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ],
-        ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used to register any global screen options if necessary for every route in this admin page group.
-     */
-    protected function _add_screen_options()
-    {
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementing the screen options for the 'default' route.
-     *
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    protected function _add_screen_options_default()
-    {
-        $this->_per_page_screen_option();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementing screen options for the category list route.
-     *
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    protected function _add_screen_options_category_list()
-    {
-        $page_title              = $this->_admin_page_title;
-        $this->_admin_page_title = esc_html__('Categories', 'event_espresso');
-        $this->_per_page_screen_option();
-        $this->_admin_page_title = $page_title;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used to register any global feature pointers for the admin page group.
-     */
-    protected function _add_feature_pointers()
-    {
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Registers and enqueues any global scripts and styles for the entire admin page group.
-     */
-    public function load_scripts_styles()
-    {
-        wp_register_style(
-            'events-admin-css',
-            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'events-admin-page.css',
-            [],
-            EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
-        );
-        wp_register_style(
-            'ee-cat-admin',
-            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'ee-cat-admin.css',
-            [],
-            EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
-        );
-        wp_enqueue_style('events-admin-css');
-        wp_enqueue_style('ee-cat-admin');
-        // scripts
-        wp_register_script(
-            'event_editor_js',
-            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'event_editor.js',
-            ['ee_admin_js', 'jquery-ui-slider', 'jquery-ui-timepicker-addon'],
-            EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
-            true
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Enqueuing scripts and styles specific to this view
-     */
-    public function load_scripts_styles_create_new()
-    {
-        $this->load_scripts_styles_edit();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Enqueuing scripts and styles specific to this view
-     */
-    public function load_scripts_styles_edit()
-    {
-        // styles
-        wp_enqueue_style('espresso-ui-theme');
-        wp_register_style(
-            'event-editor-css',
-            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'event-editor.css',
-            ['ee-admin-css'],
-            EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
-        );
-        wp_enqueue_style('event-editor-css');
-        // scripts
-        if (! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor()) {
-            wp_register_script(
-                'event-datetime-metabox',
-                EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'event-datetime-metabox.js',
-                ['event_editor_js', 'ee-datepicker'],
-                EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
-            );
-            wp_enqueue_script('event-datetime-metabox');
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Populating the _views property for the category list table view.
-     */
-    protected function _set_list_table_views_category_list()
-    {
-        $this->_views = [
-            'all' => [
-                'slug'        => 'all',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('All', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => 0,
-                'bulk_action' => [
-                    'delete_categories' => esc_html__('Delete Permanently', 'event_espresso'),
-                ],
-            ],
-        ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For adding anything that fires on the admin_init hook for any route within this admin page group.
-     */
-    public function admin_init()
-    {
-        EE_Registry::$i18n_js_strings['image_confirm'] = esc_html__(
-            'Do you really want to delete this image? Please remember to update your event to complete the removal.',
-            'event_espresso'
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For adding anything that should be triggered on the admin_notices hook for any route within this admin page
-     * group.
-     */
-    public function admin_notices()
-    {
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For adding anything that should be triggered on the `admin_print_footer_scripts` hook for any route within
-     * this admin page group.
-     */
-    public function admin_footer_scripts()
-    {
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Call this function to verify if an event is public and has tickets for sale.  If it does, then we need to show a
-     * warning (via EE_Error::add_error());
-     *
-     * @param EE_Event $event Event object
-     * @param string   $req_type
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function verify_event_edit($event = null, $req_type = '')
-    {
-        // don't need to do this when processing
-        if (! empty($req_type)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // no event?
-        if (! $event instanceof EE_Event) {
-            $event = $this->_cpt_model_obj;
-        }
-        // STILL no event?
-        if (! $event instanceof EE_Event) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $orig_status = $event->status();
-        // first check if event is active.
-        if (
-            $orig_status === EEM_Event::cancelled
-            || $orig_status === EEM_Event::postponed
-            || $event->is_expired()
-            || $event->is_inactive()
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // made it here so it IS active... next check that any of the tickets are sold.
-        if ($event->is_sold_out(true)) {
-            if ($orig_status !== EEM_Event::sold_out && $event->status() !== $orig_status) {
-                EE_Error::add_attention(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Please note that the Event Status has automatically been changed to %s because there are no more spaces available for this event.  However, this change is not permanent until you update the event.  You can change the status back to something else before updating if you wish.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        EEH_Template::pretty_status(EEM_Event::sold_out, false, 'sentence')
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-        if ($orig_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
-            EE_Error::add_attention(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'Please note that the Event Status has automatically been changed to %s because more spaces have become available for this event, most likely due to abandoned transactions freeing up reserved tickets.  However, this change is not permanent until you update the event. If you wish, you can change the status back to something else before updating.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    EEH_Template::pretty_status($event->status(), false, 'sentence')
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // now we need to determine if the event has any tickets on sale.  If not then we dont' show the error
-        if (! $event->tickets_on_sale()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // made it here so show warning
-        $this->_edit_event_warning();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is the text used for when an event is being edited that is public and has tickets for sale.
-     * When needed, hook this into a EE_Error::add_error() notice.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _edit_event_warning()
-    {
-        // we don't want to add warnings during these requests
-        if ($this->request->getRequestParam('action') === 'editpost') {
-            return;
-        }
-        EE_Error::add_attention(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'Your event is open for registration. Making changes may disrupt any transactions in progress. %sLearn more%s',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                '<a class="espresso-help-tab-lnk ee-help-tab-link">',
-                '</a>'
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * When a user is creating a new event, notify them if they haven't set their timezone.
-     * Otherwise, do the normal logic
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    protected function _create_new_cpt_item()
-    {
-        $has_timezone_string = get_option('timezone_string');
-        // only nag them about setting their timezone if it's their first event, and they haven't already done it
-        if (! $has_timezone_string && ! EEM_Event::instance()->exists([])) {
-            EE_Error::add_attention(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'Your website\'s timezone is currently set to a UTC offset. We recommend updating your timezone to a city or region near you before you create an event. Change your timezone now:%1$s%2$s%3$sChange Timezone%4$s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    '<br>',
-                    '<select id="timezone_string" name="timezone_string" aria-describedby="timezone-description">'
-                    . EEH_DTT_Helper::wp_timezone_choice('', EEH_DTT_Helper::get_user_locale())
-                    . '</select>',
-                    '<button class="button button--secondary timezone-submit">',
-                    '</button><span class="spinner"></span>'
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-        }
-        parent::_create_new_cpt_item();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the _views property for the default route in this admin page group.
-     */
-    protected function _set_list_table_views_default()
-    {
-        $this->_views = [
-            'all'   => [
-                'slug'        => 'all',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('View All Events', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => 0,
-                'bulk_action' => [
-                    'trash_events' => esc_html__('Move to Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                ],
-            ],
-            'draft' => [
-                'slug'        => 'draft',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('Draft', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => 0,
-                'bulk_action' => [
-                    'trash_events' => esc_html__('Move to Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                ],
-            ],
-        ];
-        if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_delete_events', 'espresso_events_trash_events')) {
-            $this->_views['trash'] = [
-                'slug'        => 'trash',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => 0,
-                'bulk_action' => [
-                    'restore_events' => esc_html__('Restore From Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'delete_events'  => esc_html__('Delete Permanently', 'event_espresso'),
-                ],
-            ];
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Provides the legend item array for the default list table view.
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _event_legend_items()
-    {
-        $items    = [
-            'view_details'   => [
-                'class' => 'dashicons dashicons-visibility',
-                'desc'  => esc_html__('View Event', 'event_espresso'),
-            ],
-            'edit_event'     => [
-                'class' => 'dashicons dashicons-calendar-alt',
-                'desc'  => esc_html__('Edit Event Details', 'event_espresso'),
-            ],
-            'view_attendees' => [
-                'class' => 'dashicons dashicons-groups',
-                'desc'  => esc_html__('View Registrations for Event', 'event_espresso'),
-            ],
-        ];
-        $items    = apply_filters('FHEE__Events_Admin_Page___event_legend_items__items', $items);
-        $statuses = [
-            'sold_out_status'  => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::sold_out,
-                'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::sold_out, false, 'sentence'),
-            ],
-            'active_status'    => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::active,
-                'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::active, false, 'sentence'),
-            ],
-            'upcoming_status'  => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::upcoming,
-                'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::upcoming, false, 'sentence'),
-            ],
-            'postponed_status' => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::postponed,
-                'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::postponed, false, 'sentence'),
-            ],
-            'cancelled_status' => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::cancelled,
-                'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::cancelled, false, 'sentence'),
-            ],
-            'expired_status'   => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::expired,
-                'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::expired, false, 'sentence'),
-            ],
-            'inactive_status'  => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::inactive,
-                'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::inactive, false, 'sentence'),
-            ],
-        ];
-        $statuses = apply_filters('FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__event_legend_items__statuses', $statuses);
-        return array_merge($items, $statuses);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EEM_Event
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _event_model()
-    {
-        if (! $this->_event_model instanceof EEM_Event) {
-            $this->_event_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Event');
-        }
-        return $this->_event_model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds extra buttons to the WP CPT permalink field row.
-     * Method is called from parent and is hooked into the wp 'get_sample_permalink_html' filter.
-     *
-     * @param string $return    the current html
-     * @param int    $id        the post id for the page
-     * @param string $new_title What the title is
-     * @param string $new_slug  what the slug is
-     * @return string            The new html string for the permalink area
-     */
-    public function extra_permalink_field_buttons($return, $id, $new_title, $new_slug)
-    {
-        // make sure this is only when editing
-        if (! empty($id)) {
-            $post = get_post($id);
-            $return .= '<a class="button button--small button--secondary" onclick="prompt(\'Shortcode:\', jQuery(\'#shortcode\').val()); return false;" href="#"  tabindex="-1">'
-                       . esc_html__('Shortcode', 'event_espresso')
-                       . '</a> ';
-            $return .= '<input id="shortcode" type="hidden" value="[ESPRESSO_TICKET_SELECTOR event_id='
-                       . $post->ID
-                       . ']">';
-        }
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _events_overview_list_table
-     * This contains the logic for showing the events_overview list
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @return void
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    protected function _events_overview_list_table()
-    {
-        $after_list_table                           = [];
-        $links_html = EEH_HTML::div('', '', 'ee-admin-section ee-layout-stack');
-        $links_html .= EEH_HTML::h3(esc_html__('Links', 'event_espresso'));
-        $links_html .= EEH_HTML::div(
-            EEH_Template::get_button_or_link(
-                get_post_type_archive_link('espresso_events'),
-                esc_html__('View Event Archive Page', 'event_espresso'),
-                'button button--small button--secondary'
-            ),
-            '',
-            'ee-admin-button-row ee-admin-button-row--align-start'
-        );
-        $links_html .= EEH_HTML::divx();
-
-        $after_list_table['view_event_list_button'] = $links_html;
-
-        $after_list_table['legend'] = $this->_display_legend($this->_event_legend_items());
-        $this->_admin_page_title                    .= ' ' . $this->get_action_link_or_button(
-            'create_new',
-            'add',
-            [],
-            'add-new-h2'
-        );
-
-        $this->_template_args['after_list_table']   = array_merge(
-            (array) $this->_template_args['after_list_table'],
-            $after_list_table
-        );
-        $this->display_admin_list_table_page_with_no_sidebar();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * this allows for extra misc actions in the default WP publish box
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function extra_misc_actions_publish_box()
-    {
-        $this->_generate_publish_box_extra_content();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('save_post') hook and runs after the custom post type has been
-     * saved.
-     * Typically you would use this to save any additional data.
-     * Keep in mind also that "save_post" runs on EVERY post update to the database.
-     * ALSO very important.  When a post transitions from scheduled to published,
-     * the save_post action is fired but you will NOT have any _POST data containing any extra info you may have from
-     * other meta saves. So MAKE sure that you handle this accordingly.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @abstract
-     * @param string $post_id The ID of the cpt that was saved (so you can link relationally)
-     * @param WP_Post $post    The post object of the cpt that was saved.
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _insert_update_cpt_item($post_id, $post)
-    {
-        if ($post instanceof WP_Post && $post->post_type !== 'espresso_events') {
-            // get out we're not processing an event save.
-            return;
-        }
-        $event_values = [
-            'EVT_member_only'     => $this->request->getRequestParam('member_only', false, 'bool'),
-            'EVT_allow_overflow'  => $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_allow_overflow', false, 'bool'),
-            'EVT_timezone_string' => $this->request->getRequestParam('timezone_string'),
-        ];
-        // check if the new EDTR reg options meta box is being used, and if so, don't run updates for legacy version
-        if (! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor() || ! $this->feature->allowed('use_reg_options_meta_box')) {
-            $event_values['EVT_display_ticket_selector']     = $this->request->getRequestParam(
-                'display_ticket_selector',
-                false,
-                'bool'
-            );
-            $event_values['EVT_additional_limit']            = min(
-                apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Events_Admin__insert_update_cpt_item__EVT_additional_limit_max', 255),
-                $this->request->getRequestParam(
-                    'additional_limit',
-                    EEM_Event::get_default_additional_limit(),
-                    'int'
-                )
-            );
-            $event_values['EVT_default_registration_status'] = $this->request->getRequestParam(
-                'EVT_default_registration_status',
-                EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->default_STS_ID
-            );
-
-            $event_values['EVT_external_URL'] = $this->request->getRequestParam('externalURL');
-            $event_values['EVT_phone']        = $this->request->getRequestParam('event_phone');
-            $event_values['EVT_display_desc'] = $this->request->getRequestParam('display_desc', false, 'bool');
-        }
-        // update event
-        $success = $this->_event_model()->update_by_ID($event_values, $post_id);
-        // get event_object for other metaboxes...
-        // though it would seem to make sense to just use $this->_event_model()->get_one_by_ID( $post_id )..
-        // i have to setup where conditions to override the filters in the model
-        // that filter out auto-draft and inherit statuses so we GET the inherit id!
-        /** @var EE_Event $event */
-        $event = $this->_event_model()->get_one(
-            [
-                [
-                    $this->_event_model()->primary_key_name() => $post_id,
-                    'OR'                                      => [
-                        'status'   => $post->post_status,
-                        // if trying to "Publish" a sold out event, it's status will get switched back to "sold_out" in the db,
-                        // but the returned object here has a status of "publish", so use the original post status as well
-                        'status*1' => $this->request->getRequestParam('original_post_status'),
-                    ],
-                ],
-            ]
-        );
-
-        // the following are default callbacks for event attachment updates
-        // that can be overridden by caffeinated functionality and/or addons.
-        $event_update_callbacks = [];
-        if (! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor()) {
-            $event_update_callbacks['_default_venue_update']   = [$this, '_default_venue_update'];
-            $event_update_callbacks['_default_tickets_update'] = [$this, '_default_tickets_update'];
-        }
-        $event_update_callbacks = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page___insert_update_cpt_item__event_update_callbacks',
-            $event_update_callbacks
-        );
-
-        $att_success = true;
-        foreach ($event_update_callbacks as $e_callback) {
-            $_success = is_callable($e_callback)
-                ? $e_callback($event, $this->request->requestParams())
-                : false;
-            // if ANY of these updates fail then we want the appropriate global error message
-            $att_success = $_success !== false ? $att_success : false;
-        }
-        // any errors?
-        if ($success && $att_success === false) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'Event Details saved successfully but something went wrong with saving attachments.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-        } elseif ($success === false) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__('Event Details did not save successfully.', 'event_espresso'),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $post_id
-     * @param int $revision_id
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see parent::restore_item()
-     */
-    protected function _restore_cpt_item($post_id, $revision_id)
-    {
-        // copy existing event meta to new post
-        $post_evt = $this->_event_model()->get_one_by_ID($post_id);
-        if ($post_evt instanceof EE_Event) {
-            // meta revision restore
-            $post_evt->restore_revision($revision_id);
-            // related objs restore
-            $post_evt->restore_revision($revision_id, ['Venue', 'Datetime', 'Price']);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Attach the venue to the Event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Event $event Event Object to add the venue to
-     * @param array    $data  The request data from the form
-     * @return bool           Success or fail.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _default_venue_update(EE_Event $event, $data)
-    {
-        require_once(EE_MODELS . 'EEM_Venue.model.php');
-        $venue_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Venue');
-        $venue_id    = ! empty($data['venue_id']) ? $data['venue_id'] : null;
-        // very important.  If we don't have a venue name...
-        // then we'll get out because not necessary to create empty venue
-        if (empty($data['venue_title'])) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        $venue_array = [
-            'VNU_wp_user'         => $event->get('EVT_wp_user'),
-            'VNU_name'            => ! empty($data['venue_title']) ? $data['venue_title'] : null,
-            'VNU_desc'            => ! empty($data['venue_description']) ? $data['venue_description'] : null,
-            'VNU_identifier'      => ! empty($data['venue_identifier']) ? $data['venue_identifier'] : null,
-            'VNU_short_desc'      => ! empty($data['venue_short_description'])
-                ? $data['venue_short_description']
-                : null,
-            'VNU_address'         => ! empty($data['address']) ? $data['address'] : null,
-            'VNU_address2'        => ! empty($data['address2']) ? $data['address2'] : null,
-            'VNU_city'            => ! empty($data['city']) ? $data['city'] : null,
-            'STA_ID'              => ! empty($data['state']) ? $data['state'] : null,
-            'CNT_ISO'             => ! empty($data['countries']) ? $data['countries'] : null,
-            'VNU_zip'             => ! empty($data['zip']) ? $data['zip'] : null,
-            'VNU_phone'           => ! empty($data['venue_phone']) ? $data['venue_phone'] : null,
-            'VNU_capacity'        => ! empty($data['venue_capacity']) ? $data['venue_capacity'] : null,
-            'VNU_url'             => ! empty($data['venue_url']) ? $data['venue_url'] : null,
-            'VNU_virtual_phone'   => ! empty($data['virtual_phone']) ? $data['virtual_phone'] : null,
-            'VNU_virtual_url'     => ! empty($data['virtual_url']) ? $data['virtual_url'] : null,
-            'VNU_enable_for_gmap' => isset($data['enable_for_gmap']) ? 1 : 0,
-            'status'              => 'publish',
-        ];
-        // if we've got the venue_id then we're just updating the existing venue so let's do that and then get out.
-        if (! empty($venue_id)) {
-            $update_where  = [$venue_model->primary_key_name() => $venue_id];
-            $rows_affected = $venue_model->update($venue_array, [$update_where]);
-            // we've gotta make sure that the venue is always attached to a revision..
-            // add_relation_to should take care of making sure that the relation is already present.
-            $event->_add_relation_to($venue_id, 'Venue');
-            return $rows_affected > 0;
-        }
-        // we insert the venue
-        $venue_id = $venue_model->insert($venue_array);
-        $event->_add_relation_to($venue_id, 'Venue');
-        return ! empty($venue_id);
-        // when we have the ancestor come in it's already been handled by the revision save.
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Handles saving everything related to Tickets (datetimes, tickets, prices)
-     *
-     * @param EE_Event $event The Event object we're attaching data to
-     * @param array    $data  The request data from the form
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    protected function _default_tickets_update(EE_Event $event, $data)
-    {
-        if ($this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor()) {
-            return [];
-        }
-        $datetime       = null;
-        $saved_tickets  = [];
-        $event_timezone = $event->get_timezone();
-        $date_formats   = ['Y-m-d', 'h:i a'];
-        foreach ($data['edit_event_datetimes'] as $row => $datetime_data) {
-            // trim all values to ensure any excess whitespace is removed.
-            $datetime_data                = array_map('trim', $datetime_data);
-            $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end'] =
-                isset($datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end']) && ! empty($datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end'])
-                    ? $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end']
-                    : $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_start'];
-            $datetime_values              = [
-                'DTT_ID'        => ! empty($datetime_data['DTT_ID']) ? $datetime_data['DTT_ID'] : null,
-                'DTT_EVT_start' => $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_start'],
-                'DTT_EVT_end'   => $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end'],
-                'DTT_reg_limit' => empty($datetime_data['DTT_reg_limit']) ? EE_INF : $datetime_data['DTT_reg_limit'],
-                'DTT_order'     => $row,
-            ];
-            // if we have an id then let's get existing object first and then set the new values.
-            //  Otherwise we instantiate a new object for save.
-            if (! empty($datetime_data['DTT_ID'])) {
-                $datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance($event_timezone)->get_one_by_ID($datetime_data['DTT_ID']);
-                if (! $datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                    throw new RuntimeException(
-                        sprintf(
-                            esc_html__(
-                                'Something went wrong! A valid Datetime could not be retrieved from the database using the supplied ID: %1$d',
-                                'event_espresso'
-                            ),
-                            $datetime_data['DTT_ID']
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                $datetime->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
-                $datetime->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
-                foreach ($datetime_values as $field => $value) {
-                    $datetime->set($field, $value);
-                }
-            } else {
-                $datetime = EE_Datetime::new_instance($datetime_values, $event_timezone, $date_formats);
-            }
-            if (! $datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Something went wrong! A valid Datetime could not be generated or retrieved using the supplied data: %1$s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        print_r($datetime_values, true)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            // before going any further make sure our dates are setup correctly
-            // so that the end date is always equal or greater than the start date.
-            if ($datetime->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') > $datetime->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end')) {
-                $datetime->set('DTT_EVT_end', $datetime->get('DTT_EVT_start'));
-                $datetime = EEH_DTT_Helper::date_time_add($datetime, 'DTT_EVT_end', 'days');
-            }
-            $datetime->save();
-            $event->_add_relation_to($datetime, 'Datetime');
-        }
-        // no datetimes get deleted so we don't do any of that logic here.
-        // update tickets next
-        $old_tickets = isset($data['ticket_IDs']) ? explode(',', $data['ticket_IDs']) : [];
-
-        // set up some default start and end dates in case those are not present in the incoming data
-        $default_start_date = new DateTime('now', new DateTimeZone($event->get_timezone()));
-        $default_start_date = $default_start_date->format($date_formats[0] . ' ' . $date_formats[1]);
-        // use the start date of the first datetime for the end date
-        $first_datetime   = $event->first_datetime();
-        $default_end_date = $first_datetime->start_date_and_time($date_formats[0], $date_formats[1]);
-
-        // now process the incoming data
-        foreach ($data['edit_tickets'] as $row => $ticket_data) {
-            $update_prices = false;
-            $ticket_price  = isset($data['edit_prices'][ $row ][1]['PRC_amount'])
-                ? $data['edit_prices'][ $row ][1]['PRC_amount']
-                : 0;
-            // trim inputs to ensure any excess whitespace is removed.
-            $ticket_data   = array_map('trim', $ticket_data);
-            $ticket_values = [
-                'TKT_ID'          => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_ID']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_ID'] : null,
-                'TTM_ID'          => ! empty($ticket_data['TTM_ID']) ? $ticket_data['TTM_ID'] : 0,
-                'TKT_name'        => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_name']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_name'] : '',
-                'TKT_description' => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_description']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_description'] : '',
-                'TKT_start_date'  => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_start_date'])
-                    ? $ticket_data['TKT_start_date']
-                    : $default_start_date,
-                'TKT_end_date'    => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_end_date'])
-                    ? $ticket_data['TKT_end_date']
-                    : $default_end_date,
-                'TKT_qty'         => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_qty'])
-                                     || (isset($ticket_data['TKT_qty']) && (int) $ticket_data['TKT_qty'] === 0)
-                    ? $ticket_data['TKT_qty']
-                    : EE_INF,
-                'TKT_uses'        => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_uses'])
-                                     || (isset($ticket_data['TKT_uses']) && (int) $ticket_data['TKT_uses'] === 0)
-                    ? $ticket_data['TKT_uses']
-                    : EE_INF,
-                'TKT_min'         => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_min']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_min'] : 0,
-                'TKT_max'         => ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_max']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_max'] : EE_INF,
-                'TKT_order'       => isset($ticket_data['TKT_order']) ? $ticket_data['TKT_order'] : $row,
-                'TKT_price'       => $ticket_price,
-                'TKT_row'         => $row,
-            ];
-            // if this is a default ticket, then we need to set the TKT_ID to 0 and update accordingly,
-            // which means in turn that the prices will become new prices as well.
-            if (isset($ticket_data['TKT_is_default']) && $ticket_data['TKT_is_default']) {
-                $ticket_values['TKT_ID']         = 0;
-                $ticket_values['TKT_is_default'] = 0;
-                $update_prices                   = true;
-            }
-            // if we have a TKT_ID then we need to get that existing TKT_obj and update it
-            // we actually do our saves ahead of adding any relations because its entirely possible that this
-            // ticket didn't get removed or added to any datetime in the session but DID have it's items modified.
-            // keep in mind that if the ticket has been sold (and we have changed pricing information),
-            // then we won't be updating the tkt but instead a new tkt will be created and the old one archived.
-            if (! empty($ticket_data['TKT_ID'])) {
-                $existing_ticket = EEM_Ticket::instance($event_timezone)->get_one_by_ID($ticket_data['TKT_ID']);
-                if (! $existing_ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
-                    throw new RuntimeException(
-                        sprintf(
-                            esc_html__(
-                                'Something went wrong! A valid Ticket could not be retrieved from the database using the supplied ID: %1$d',
-                                'event_espresso'
-                            ),
-                            $ticket_data['TKT_ID']
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                $ticket_sold = $existing_ticket->count_related(
-                    'Registration',
-                    [
-                            [
-                                'STS_ID' => [
-                                    'NOT IN',
-                                    [EEM_Registration::status_id_incomplete],
-                                ],
-                            ],
-                        ]
-                ) > 0;
-                // let's just check the total price for the existing ticket and determine if it matches the new total price.
-                // if they are different then we create a new ticket (if $ticket_sold)
-                // if they aren't different then we go ahead and modify existing ticket.
-                $create_new_ticket = $ticket_sold
-                                     && $ticket_price !== $existing_ticket->price()
-                                     && ! $existing_ticket->deleted();
-                $existing_ticket->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
-                $existing_ticket->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
-                // set new values
-                foreach ($ticket_values as $field => $value) {
-                    if ($field == 'TKT_qty') {
-                        $existing_ticket->set_qty($value);
-                    } elseif ($field == 'TKT_price') {
-                        $existing_ticket->set('TKT_price', $ticket_price);
-                    } else {
-                        $existing_ticket->set($field, $value);
-                    }
-                }
-                $ticket = $existing_ticket;
-                // if $create_new_ticket is false then we can safely update the existing ticket.
-                //  Otherwise we have to create a new ticket.
-                if ($create_new_ticket) {
-                    // archive the old ticket first
-                    $existing_ticket->set('TKT_deleted', 1);
-                    $existing_ticket->save();
-                    // make sure this ticket is still recorded in our $saved_tickets
-                    // so we don't run it through the regular trash routine.
-                    $saved_tickets[ $existing_ticket->ID() ] = $existing_ticket;
-                    // create new ticket that's a copy of the existing except,
-                    // (a new id of course and not archived) AND has the new TKT_price associated with it.
-                    $new_ticket = clone $existing_ticket;
-                    $new_ticket->set('TKT_ID', 0);
-                    $new_ticket->set('TKT_deleted', 0);
-                    $new_ticket->set('TKT_sold', 0);
-                    // now we need to make sure that $new prices are created as well and attached to new ticket.
-                    $update_prices = true;
-                    $ticket        = $new_ticket;
-                }
-            } else {
-                // no TKT_id so a new ticket
-                $ticket_values['TKT_price'] = $ticket_price;
-                $ticket                     = EE_Ticket::new_instance($ticket_values, $event_timezone, $date_formats);
-                $update_prices              = true;
-            }
-            if (! $ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Something went wrong! A valid Ticket could not be generated or retrieved using the supplied data: %1$s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        print_r($ticket_values, true)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            // cap ticket qty by datetime reg limits
-            $ticket->set_qty(min($ticket->qty(), $ticket->qty('reg_limit')));
-            // update ticket.
-            $ticket->save();
-            // before going any further make sure our dates are setup correctly
-            // so that the end date is always equal or greater than the start date.
-            if ($ticket->get_raw('TKT_start_date') > $ticket->get_raw('TKT_end_date')) {
-                $ticket->set('TKT_end_date', $ticket->get('TKT_start_date'));
-                $ticket = EEH_DTT_Helper::date_time_add($ticket, 'TKT_end_date', 'days');
-                $ticket->save();
-            }
-            // initially let's add the ticket to the datetime
-            $datetime->_add_relation_to($ticket, 'Ticket');
-            $saved_tickets[ $ticket->ID() ] = $ticket;
-            // add prices to ticket
-            $prices_data = isset($data['edit_prices'][ $row ]) && is_array($data['edit_prices'][ $row ])
-                ? $data['edit_prices'][ $row ]
-                : [];
-            $this->_add_prices_to_ticket($prices_data, $ticket, $update_prices);
-        }
-        // however now we need to handle permanently deleting tickets via the ui.
-        // Keep in mind that the ui does not allow deleting/archiving tickets that have ticket sold.
-        // However, it does allow for deleting tickets that have no tickets sold,
-        // in which case we want to get rid of permanently because there is no need to save in db.
-        $old_tickets     = isset($old_tickets[0]) && $old_tickets[0] === '' ? [] : $old_tickets;
-        $tickets_removed = array_diff($old_tickets, array_keys($saved_tickets));
-        foreach ($tickets_removed as $id) {
-            $id = absint($id);
-            // get the ticket for this id
-            $ticket_to_remove = EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_one_by_ID($id);
-            if (! $ticket_to_remove instanceof EE_Ticket) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // need to get all the related datetimes on this ticket and remove from every single one of them
-            // (remember this process can ONLY kick off if there are NO tickets sold)
-            $related_datetimes = $ticket_to_remove->get_many_related('Datetime');
-            foreach ($related_datetimes as $related_datetime) {
-                $ticket_to_remove->_remove_relation_to($related_datetime, 'Datetime');
-            }
-            // need to do the same for prices (except these prices can also be deleted because again,
-            // tickets can only be trashed if they don't have any TKTs sold (otherwise they are just archived))
-            $ticket_to_remove->delete_related_permanently('Price');
-            // finally let's delete this ticket
-            // (which should not be blocked at this point b/c we've removed all our relationships)
-            $ticket_to_remove->delete_permanently();
-        }
-        return [$datetime, $saved_tickets];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This attaches a list of given prices to a ticket.
-     * Note we dont' have to worry about ever removing relationships (or archiving prices)
-     * because if there is a change in price information on a ticket, a new ticket is created anyways
-     * so the archived ticket will retain the old price info and prices are automatically "archived" via the ticket.
-     *
-     * @access  private
-     * @param array     $prices_data Array of prices from the form.
-     * @param EE_Ticket $ticket      EE_Ticket object that prices are being attached to.
-     * @param bool      $new_prices  Whether attach existing incoming prices or create new ones.
-     * @return  void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _add_prices_to_ticket($prices_data, EE_Ticket $ticket, $new_prices = false)
-    {
-        $timezone = $ticket->get_timezone();
-        foreach ($prices_data as $row => $price_data) {
-            $price_values = [
-                'PRC_ID'         => ! empty($price_data['PRC_ID']) ? $price_data['PRC_ID'] : null,
-                'PRT_ID'         => ! empty($price_data['PRT_ID']) ? $price_data['PRT_ID'] : null,
-                'PRC_amount'     => ! empty($price_data['PRC_amount']) ? $price_data['PRC_amount'] : 0,
-                'PRC_name'       => ! empty($price_data['PRC_name']) ? $price_data['PRC_name'] : '',
-                'PRC_desc'       => ! empty($price_data['PRC_desc']) ? $price_data['PRC_desc'] : '',
-                'PRC_is_default' => 0, // make sure prices are NOT set as default from this context
-                'PRC_order'      => $row,
-            ];
-            if ($new_prices || empty($price_values['PRC_ID'])) {
-                $price_values['PRC_ID'] = 0;
-                $price                  = EE_Price::new_instance($price_values, $timezone);
-            } else {
-                $price = EEM_Price::instance($timezone)->get_one_by_ID($price_data['PRC_ID']);
-                // update this price with new values
-                foreach ($price_values as $field => $new_price) {
-                    $price->set($field, $new_price);
-                }
-            }
-            if (! $price instanceof EE_Price) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Something went wrong! A valid Price could not be generated or retrieved using the supplied data: %1$s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        print_r($price_values, true)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $price->save();
-            $ticket->_add_relation_to($price, 'Price');
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Add in our autosave ajax handlers
-     *
-     */
-    protected function _ee_autosave_create_new()
-    {
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * More autosave handlers.
-     */
-    protected function _ee_autosave_edit()
-    {
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _generate_publish_box_extra_content()
-    {
-        // load formatter helper
-        // args for getting related registrations
-        $approved_query_args        = [
-            [
-                'REG_deleted' => 0,
-                'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
-            ],
-        ];
-        $not_approved_query_args    = [
-            [
-                'REG_deleted' => 0,
-                'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_not_approved,
-            ],
-        ];
-        $pending_payment_query_args = [
-            [
-                'REG_deleted' => 0,
-                'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_pending_payment,
-            ],
-        ];
-        // publish box
-        $publish_box_extra_args = [
-            'view_approved_reg_url'        => add_query_arg(
-                [
-                    'action'      => 'default',
-                    'event_id'    => $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID(),
-                    '_reg_status' => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
-                ],
-                REG_ADMIN_URL
-            ),
-            'view_not_approved_reg_url'    => add_query_arg(
-                [
-                    'action'      => 'default',
-                    'event_id'    => $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID(),
-                    '_reg_status' => EEM_Registration::status_id_not_approved,
-                ],
-                REG_ADMIN_URL
-            ),
-            'view_pending_payment_reg_url' => add_query_arg(
-                [
-                    'action'      => 'default',
-                    'event_id'    => $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID(),
-                    '_reg_status' => EEM_Registration::status_id_pending_payment,
-                ],
-                REG_ADMIN_URL
-            ),
-            'approved_regs'                => $this->_cpt_model_obj->count_related(
-                'Registration',
-                $approved_query_args
-            ),
-            'not_approved_regs'            => $this->_cpt_model_obj->count_related(
-                'Registration',
-                $not_approved_query_args
-            ),
-            'pending_payment_regs'         => $this->_cpt_model_obj->count_related(
-                'Registration',
-                $pending_payment_query_args
-            ),
-            'misc_pub_section_class'       => apply_filters(
-                'FHEE_Events_Admin_Page___generate_publish_box_extra_content__misc_pub_section_class',
-                'misc-pub-section'
-            ),
-        ];
-        ob_start();
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__Events_Admin_Page___generate_publish_box_extra_content__event_editor_overview_add',
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj
-        );
-        $publish_box_extra_args['event_editor_overview_add'] = ob_get_clean();
-        // load template
-        EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_publish_box_extras.template.php',
-            $publish_box_extra_args
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EE_Event
-     */
-    public function get_event_object()
-    {
-        return $this->_cpt_model_obj;
-    }
-
-
-
-
-    /** METABOXES * */
-    /**
-     * _register_event_editor_meta_boxes
-     * add all metaboxes related to the event_editor
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _register_event_editor_meta_boxes()
-    {
-        $this->verify_cpt_object();
-        $use_advanced_editor = $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor();
-        // check if the new EDTR reg options meta box is being used, and if so, don't load the legacy version
-        if (! $use_advanced_editor || ! $this->feature->allowed('use_reg_options_meta_box')) {
-            $this->addMetaBox(
-                'espresso_event_editor_event_options',
-                esc_html__('Event Registration Options', 'event_espresso'),
-                [$this, 'registration_options_meta_box'],
-                $this->page_slug,
-                'side'
-            );
-        }
-        if (! $use_advanced_editor) {
-            $this->addMetaBox(
-                'espresso_event_editor_tickets',
-                esc_html__('Event Datetime & Ticket', 'event_espresso'),
-                [$this, 'ticket_metabox'],
-                $this->page_slug,
-                'normal',
-                'high'
-            );
-        } elseif ($this->feature->allowed('use_reg_options_meta_box')) {
-            add_action(
-                'add_meta_boxes_espresso_events',
-                function () {
-                    global $current_screen;
-                    remove_meta_box('authordiv', $current_screen, 'normal');
-                },
-                99
-            );
-        }
-        // NOTE: if you're looking for other metaboxes in here,
-        // where a metabox has a related management page in the admin
-        // you will find it setup in the related management page's "_Hooks" file.
-        // i.e. messages metabox is found in "espresso_events_Messages_Hooks.class.php".
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function ticket_metabox()
-    {
-        $existing_datetime_ids = $existing_ticket_ids = [];
-        // defaults for template args
-        $template_args = [
-            'existing_datetime_ids'    => '',
-            'event_datetime_help_link' => '',
-            'ticket_options_help_link' => '',
-            'time'                     => null,
-            'ticket_rows'              => '',
-            'existing_ticket_ids'      => '',
-            'total_ticket_rows'        => 1,
-            'ticket_js_structure'      => '',
-            'trash_icon'               => 'dashicons dashicons-lock',
-            'disabled'                 => '',
-        ];
-        $event_id      = is_object($this->_cpt_model_obj) ? $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() : null;
-        /**
-         * 1. Start with retrieving Datetimes
-         * 2. Fore each datetime get related tickets
-         * 3. For each ticket get related prices
-         */
-        /** @var EEM_Datetime $datetime_model */
-        $datetime_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Datetime');
-        /** @var EEM_Ticket $datetime_model */
-        $ticket_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket');
-        $times        = $datetime_model->get_all_event_dates($event_id);
-        /** @type EE_Datetime $first_datetime */
-        $first_datetime = reset($times);
-        // do we get related tickets?
-        if (
-            $first_datetime instanceof EE_Datetime
-            && $first_datetime->ID() !== 0
-        ) {
-            $existing_datetime_ids[] = $first_datetime->get('DTT_ID');
-            $template_args['time']   = $first_datetime;
-            $related_tickets         = $first_datetime->tickets(
-                [
-                    ['OR' => ['TKT_deleted' => 1, 'TKT_deleted*' => 0]],
-                    'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
-                ]
-            );
-            if (! empty($related_tickets)) {
-                $template_args['total_ticket_rows'] = count($related_tickets);
-                $row                                = 0;
-                foreach ($related_tickets as $ticket) {
-                    $existing_ticket_ids[]        = $ticket->get('TKT_ID');
-                    $template_args['ticket_rows'] .= $this->_get_ticket_row($ticket, false, $row);
-                    $row++;
-                }
-            } else {
-                $template_args['total_ticket_rows'] = 1;
-                /** @type EE_Ticket $ticket */
-                $ticket                       = $ticket_model->create_default_object();
-                $template_args['ticket_rows'] .= $this->_get_ticket_row($ticket);
-            }
-        } else {
-            $template_args['time'] = $times[0];
-            /** @type EE_Ticket[] $tickets */
-            $tickets                      = $ticket_model->get_all_default_tickets();
-            $template_args['ticket_rows'] .= $this->_get_ticket_row($tickets[1]);
-            // NOTE: we're just sending the first default row
-            // (decaf can't manage default tickets so this should be sufficient);
-        }
-        $template_args['event_datetime_help_link'] = $this->_get_help_tab_link(
-            'event_editor_event_datetimes_help_tab'
-        );
-        $template_args['ticket_options_help_link'] = $this->_get_help_tab_link('ticket_options_info');
-        $template_args['existing_datetime_ids']    = implode(',', $existing_datetime_ids);
-        $template_args['existing_ticket_ids']      = implode(',', $existing_ticket_ids);
-        $template_args['ticket_js_structure']      = $this->_get_ticket_row(
-            $ticket_model->create_default_object(),
-            true
-        );
-        $template                                  = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__ticket_metabox__template',
-            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_tickets_metabox_main.template.php'
-        );
-        EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Setup an individual ticket form for the decaf event editor page
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param EE_Ticket $ticket   the ticket object
-     * @param boolean   $skeleton whether we're generating a skeleton for js manipulation
-     * @param int       $row
-     * @return string generated html for the ticket row.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _get_ticket_row($ticket, $skeleton = false, $row = 0)
-    {
-        $template_args = [
-            'tkt_status_class'    => ' tkt-status-' . $ticket->ticket_status(),
-            'tkt_archive_class'   => $ticket->ticket_status() === EE_Ticket::archived && ! $skeleton ? ' tkt-archived'
-                : '',
-            'ticketrow'           => $skeleton ? 'TICKETNUM' : $row,
-            'TKT_ID'              => $ticket->get('TKT_ID'),
-            'TKT_name'            => $ticket->get('TKT_name'),
-            'TKT_start_date'      => $skeleton ? '' : $ticket->get_date('TKT_start_date', 'Y-m-d h:i a'),
-            'TKT_end_date'        => $skeleton ? '' : $ticket->get_date('TKT_end_date', 'Y-m-d h:i a'),
-            'TKT_is_default'      => $ticket->get('TKT_is_default'),
-            'TKT_qty'             => $ticket->get_pretty('TKT_qty', 'input'),
-            'edit_ticketrow_name' => $skeleton ? 'TICKETNAMEATTR' : 'edit_tickets',
-            'TKT_sold'            => $skeleton ? 0 : $ticket->get('TKT_sold'),
-            'trash_icon'          => ($skeleton || (! empty($ticket) && ! $ticket->get('TKT_deleted')))
-                                     && (! empty($ticket) && $ticket->get('TKT_sold') === 0)
-                ? 'trash-icon dashicons dashicons-post-trash clickable' : 'dashicons dashicons-lock',
-            'disabled'            => $skeleton || (! empty($ticket) && ! $ticket->get('TKT_deleted')) ? ''
-                : ' disabled=disabled',
-        ];
-        $price         = $ticket->ID() !== 0
-            ? $ticket->get_first_related('Price', ['default_where_conditions' => 'none'])
-            : null;
-        $price         = $price instanceof EE_Price
-            ? $price
-            : EEM_Price::instance()->create_default_object();
-        $price_args    = [
-            'price_currency_symbol' => EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->currency->sign,
-            'PRC_amount'            => $price->get('PRC_amount'),
-            'PRT_ID'                => $price->get('PRT_ID'),
-            'PRC_ID'                => $price->get('PRC_ID'),
-            'PRC_is_default'        => $price->get('PRC_is_default'),
-        ];
-        // make sure we have default start and end dates if skeleton
-        // handle rows that should NOT be empty
-        if (empty($template_args['TKT_start_date'])) {
-            // if empty then the start date will be now.
-            $template_args['TKT_start_date'] = date('Y-m-d h:i a', current_time('timestamp'));
-        }
-        if (empty($template_args['TKT_end_date'])) {
-            // get the earliest datetime (if present);
-            $earliest_datetime             = $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() > 0
-                ? $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_first_related(
-                    'Datetime',
-                    ['order_by' => ['DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC']]
-                )
-                : null;
-            $template_args['TKT_end_date'] = $earliest_datetime instanceof EE_Datetime
-                ? $earliest_datetime->get_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', 'Y-m-d', 'h:i a')
-                : date('Y-m-d h:i a', mktime(0, 0, 0, date('m'), date('d') + 7, date('Y')));
-        }
-        $template_args = array_merge($template_args, $price_args);
-        $template      = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__get_ticket_row__template',
-            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_tickets_metabox_ticket_row.template.php',
-            $ticket
-        );
-        return EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function registration_options_meta_box()
-    {
-        $yes_no_values             = [
-            ['id' => true, 'text' => esc_html__('Yes', 'event_espresso')],
-            ['id' => false, 'text' => esc_html__('No', 'event_espresso')],
-        ];
-        $default_reg_status_values = EEM_Registration::reg_status_array(
-            [
-                EEM_Registration::status_id_cancelled,
-                EEM_Registration::status_id_declined,
-                EEM_Registration::status_id_incomplete,
-            ],
-            true
-        );
-        // $template_args['is_active_select'] = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input('is_active', $yes_no_values, $this->_cpt_model_obj->is_active());
-        $template_args['_event']                          = $this->_cpt_model_obj;
-        $template_args['event']                           = $this->_cpt_model_obj;
-        $template_args['active_status']                   = $this->_cpt_model_obj->pretty_active_status(false);
-        $template_args['additional_limit']                = $this->_cpt_model_obj->additional_limit();
-        $template_args['default_registration_status']     = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
-            'default_reg_status',
-            $default_reg_status_values,
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj->default_registration_status()
-        );
-        $template_args['display_description']             = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
-            'display_desc',
-            $yes_no_values,
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj->display_description()
-        );
-        $template_args['display_ticket_selector']         = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
-            'display_ticket_selector',
-            $yes_no_values,
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj->display_ticket_selector(),
-            '',
-            '',
-            false
-        );
-        $template_args['additional_registration_options'] = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__registration_options_meta_box__additional_registration_options',
-            '',
-            $template_args,
-            $yes_no_values,
-            $default_reg_status_values
-        );
-        EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_registration_options.template.php',
-            $template_args
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _get_events()
-     * This method simply returns all the events (for the given _view and paging)
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param int  $per_page     count of items per page (20 default);
-     * @param int  $current_page what is the current page being viewed.
-     * @param bool $count        if TRUE then we just return a count of ALL events matching the given _view.
-     *                           If FALSE then we return an array of event objects
-     *                           that match the given _view and paging parameters.
-     * @return array|int         an array of event objects or a count of them.
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function get_events($per_page = 10, $current_page = 1, $count = false)
-    {
-        $EEM_Event   = $this->_event_model();
-        $offset      = ($current_page - 1) * $per_page;
-        $limit       = $count ? null : $offset . ',' . $per_page;
-        $orderby     = $this->request->getRequestParam('orderby', 'EVT_ID');
-        $order       = $this->request->getRequestParam('order', 'DESC');
-        $month_range = $this->request->getRequestParam('month_range');
-        if ($month_range) {
-            $pieces = explode(' ', $month_range, 3);
-            // simulate the FIRST day of the month, that fixes issues for months like February
-            // where PHP doesn't know what to assume for date.
-            // @see https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/10437
-            $month_r = ! empty($pieces[0]) ? date('m', EEH_DTT_Helper::first_of_month_timestamp($pieces[0])) : '';
-            $year_r  = ! empty($pieces[1]) ? $pieces[1] : '';
-        }
-        $where  = [];
-        $status = $this->request->getRequestParam('status');
-        // determine what post_status our condition will have for the query.
-        switch ($status) {
-            case 'month':
-            case 'today':
-            case null:
-            case 'all':
-                break;
-            case 'draft':
-                $where['status'] = ['IN', ['draft', 'auto-draft']];
-                break;
-            default:
-                $where['status'] = $status;
-        }
-        // categories? The default for all categories is -1
-        $category = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_CAT', -1, 'int');
-        if ($category !== -1) {
-            $where['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy'] = EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY;
-            $where['Term_Taxonomy.term_id']  = $category;
-        }
-        // date where conditions
-        $start_formats = EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_formats_for('DTT_EVT_start');
-        if ($month_range) {
-            $DateTime = new DateTime(
-                $year_r . '-' . $month_r . '-01 00:00:00',
-                new DateTimeZone('UTC')
-            );
-            $start    = $DateTime->getTimestamp();
-            // set the datetime to be the end of the month
-            $DateTime->setDate(
-                $year_r,
-                $month_r,
-                $DateTime->format('t')
-            )->setTime(23, 59, 59);
-            $end                             = $DateTime->getTimestamp();
-            $where['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = ['BETWEEN', [$start, $end]];
-        } elseif ($status === 'today') {
-            $DateTime                        =
-                new DateTime('now', new DateTimeZone(EEM_Event::instance()->get_timezone()));
-            $start                           = $DateTime->setTime(0, 0)->format(implode(' ', $start_formats));
-            $end                             = $DateTime->setTime(23, 59, 59)->format(implode(' ', $start_formats));
-            $where['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = ['BETWEEN', [$start, $end]];
-        } elseif ($status === 'month') {
-            $now                             = date('Y-m-01');
-            $DateTime                        =
-                new DateTime($now, new DateTimeZone(EEM_Event::instance()->get_timezone()));
-            $start                           = $DateTime->setTime(0, 0)->format(implode(' ', $start_formats));
-            $end                             = $DateTime->setDate(date('Y'), date('m'), $DateTime->format('t'))
-                                                        ->setTime(23, 59, 59)
-                                                        ->format(implode(' ', $start_formats));
-            $where['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = ['BETWEEN', [$start, $end]];
-        }
-        if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_others_events', 'get_events')) {
-            $where['EVT_wp_user'] = get_current_user_id();
-        } else {
-            if (! isset($where['status'])) {
-                if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_private_events', 'get_events')) {
-                    $where['OR'] = [
-                        'status*restrict_private' => ['!=', 'private'],
-                        'AND'                     => [
-                            'status*inclusive' => ['=', 'private'],
-                            'EVT_wp_user'      => get_current_user_id(),
-                        ],
-                    ];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        $wp_user = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_wp_user', 0, 'int');
-        if (
-            $wp_user
-            && $wp_user !== get_current_user_id()
-            && EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_others_events', 'get_events')
-        ) {
-            $where['EVT_wp_user'] = $wp_user;
-        }
-        // search query handling
-        $search_term = $this->request->getRequestParam('s');
-        if ($search_term) {
-            $search_term = '%' . $search_term . '%';
-            $where['OR'] = [
-                'EVT_name'       => ['LIKE', $search_term],
-                'EVT_desc'       => ['LIKE', $search_term],
-                'EVT_short_desc' => ['LIKE', $search_term],
-            ];
-        }
-        // filter events by venue.
-        $venue = $this->request->getRequestParam('venue', 0, 'int');
-        if ($venue) {
-            $where['Venue.VNU_ID'] = $venue;
-        }
-        $request_params = $this->request->requestParams();
-        $where          = apply_filters('FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__get_events__where', $where, $request_params);
-        $query_params   = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__get_events__query_params',
-            [
-                $where,
-                'limit'    => $limit,
-                'order_by' => $orderby,
-                'order'    => $order,
-                'group_by' => 'EVT_ID',
-            ],
-            $request_params
-        );
-
-        // let's first check if we have special requests coming in.
-        $active_status = $this->request->getRequestParam('active_status');
-        if ($active_status) {
-            switch ($active_status) {
-                case 'upcoming':
-                    return $EEM_Event->get_upcoming_events($query_params, $count);
-                case 'expired':
-                    return $EEM_Event->get_expired_events($query_params, $count);
-                case 'active':
-                    return $EEM_Event->get_active_events($query_params, $count);
-                case 'inactive':
-                    return $EEM_Event->get_inactive_events($query_params, $count);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return $count ? $EEM_Event->count([$where], 'EVT_ID', true) : $EEM_Event->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * handling for WordPress CPT actions (trash, restore, delete)
-     *
-     * @param string $post_id
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function trash_cpt_item($post_id)
-    {
-        $this->request->setRequestParam('EVT_ID', $post_id);
-        $this->_trash_or_restore_event('trash', false);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $post_id
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function restore_cpt_item($post_id)
-    {
-        $this->request->setRequestParam('EVT_ID', $post_id);
-        $this->_trash_or_restore_event('draft', false);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $post_id
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_cpt_item($post_id)
-    {
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            esc_html__(
-                'Please contact Event Espresso support with the details of the steps taken to produce this error.',
-                'event_espresso'
-            )
-        );
-        // $this->request->setRequestParam('EVT_ID', $post_id);
-        // $this->_delete_event();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _trash_or_restore_event
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string $event_status
-     * @param bool   $redirect_after
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _trash_or_restore_event($event_status = 'trash', $redirect_after = true)
-    {
-        // determine the event id and set to array.
-        $EVT_ID = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_ID', 0, 'int');
-        // loop thru events
-        if ($EVT_ID) {
-            // clean status
-            $event_status = sanitize_key($event_status);
-            // grab status
-            if (! empty($event_status)) {
-                $success = $this->_change_event_status($EVT_ID, $event_status);
-            } else {
-                $success = false;
-                $msg     = esc_html__(
-                    'An error occurred. The event could not be moved to the trash because a valid event status was not not supplied.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                );
-                EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            }
-        } else {
-            $success = false;
-            $msg     = esc_html__(
-                'An error occurred. The event could not be moved to the trash because a valid event ID was not not supplied.',
-                'event_espresso'
-            );
-            EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-        }
-        $action = $event_status === 'trash' ? 'moved to the trash' : 'restored from the trash';
-        if ($redirect_after) {
-            $this->_redirect_after_action($success, 'Event', $action, ['action' => 'default']);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _trash_or_restore_events
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string $event_status
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _trash_or_restore_events($event_status = 'trash')
-    {
-        // clean status
-        $event_status = sanitize_key($event_status);
-        // grab status
-        if (! empty($event_status)) {
-            $success = true;
-            // determine the event id and set to array.
-            $EVT_IDs = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_IDs', [], 'int', true);
-            // loop thru events
-            foreach ($EVT_IDs as $EVT_ID) {
-                if ($EVT_ID = absint($EVT_ID)) {
-                    $results = $this->_change_event_status($EVT_ID, $event_status);
-                    $success = $results !== false ? $success : false;
-                } else {
-                    $msg = sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'An error occurred. Event #%d could not be moved to the trash because a valid event ID was not not supplied.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $EVT_ID
-                    );
-                    EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-                    $success = false;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $success = false;
-            $msg     = esc_html__(
-                'An error occurred. The event could not be moved to the trash because a valid event status was not not supplied.',
-                'event_espresso'
-            );
-            EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-        }
-        // in order to force a pluralized result message we need to send back a success status greater than 1
-        $success = $success ? 2 : false;
-        $action  = $event_status === 'trash' ? 'moved to the trash' : 'restored from the trash';
-        $this->_redirect_after_action($success, 'Events', $action, ['action' => 'default']);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int    $EVT_ID
-     * @param string $event_status
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _change_event_status($EVT_ID = 0, $event_status = '')
-    {
-        // grab event id
-        if (! $EVT_ID) {
-            $msg = esc_html__(
-                'An error occurred. No Event ID or an invalid Event ID was received.',
-                'event_espresso'
-            );
-            EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return false;
-        }
-        $this->_cpt_model_obj = EEM_Event::instance()->get_one_by_ID($EVT_ID);
-        // clean status
-        $event_status = sanitize_key($event_status);
-        // grab status
-        if (empty($event_status)) {
-            $msg = esc_html__(
-                'An error occurred. No Event Status or an invalid Event Status was received.',
-                'event_espresso'
-            );
-            EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return false;
-        }
-        // was event trashed or restored ?
-        switch ($event_status) {
-            case 'draft':
-                $action = 'restored from the trash';
-                $hook   = 'AHEE_event_restored_from_trash';
-                break;
-            case 'trash':
-                $action = 'moved to the trash';
-                $hook   = 'AHEE_event_moved_to_trash';
-                break;
-            default:
-                $action = 'updated';
-                $hook   = false;
-        }
-        // use class to change status
-        $this->_cpt_model_obj->set_status($event_status);
-        $success = $this->_cpt_model_obj->save();
-        if (! $success) {
-            $msg = sprintf(esc_html__('An error occurred. The event could not be %s.', 'event_espresso'), $action);
-            EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return false;
-        }
-        if ($hook) {
-            do_action($hook);
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array $event_ids
-     * @return array
-     * @since   4.10.23.p
-     */
-    private function cleanEventIds(array $event_ids)
-    {
-        return array_map('absint', $event_ids);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return array
-     * @since   4.10.23.p
-     */
-    private function getEventIdsFromRequest()
-    {
-        if ($this->request->requestParamIsSet('EVT_IDs')) {
-            return $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_IDs', [], 'int', true);
-        } else {
-            return $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_ID', [], 'int', true);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $preview_delete
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _delete_event($preview_delete = true)
-    {
-        $this->_delete_events($preview_delete);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the tree traversal batch persister.
-     *
-     * @return NodeGroupDao
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @since 4.10.12.p
-     */
-    protected function getModelObjNodeGroupPersister()
-    {
-        if (! $this->model_obj_node_group_persister instanceof NodeGroupDao) {
-            $this->model_obj_node_group_persister =
-                $this->getLoader()->load('\EventEspresso\core\services\orm\tree_traversal\NodeGroupDao');
-        }
-        return $this->model_obj_node_group_persister;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $preview_delete
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _delete_events($preview_delete = true)
-    {
-        $event_ids = $this->getEventIdsFromRequest();
-        if ($preview_delete) {
-            $this->generateDeletionPreview($event_ids);
-        } else {
-            EEM_Event::instance()->delete_permanently([['EVT_ID' => ['IN', $event_ids]]]);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array $event_ids
-     */
-    protected function generateDeletionPreview(array $event_ids)
-    {
-        $event_ids = $this->cleanEventIds($event_ids);
-        // Set a code we can use to reference this deletion task in the batch jobs and preview page.
-        $deletion_job_code = $this->getModelObjNodeGroupPersister()->generateGroupCode();
-        $return_url        = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            [
-                'action'            => 'preview_deletion',
-                'deletion_job_code' => $deletion_job_code,
-            ],
-            $this->_admin_base_url
-        );
-        EEH_URL::safeRedirectAndExit(
-            EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-                [
-                    'page'              => EED_Batch::PAGE_SLUG,
-                    'batch'             => EED_Batch::batch_job,
-                    'EVT_IDs'           => $event_ids,
-                    'deletion_job_code' => $deletion_job_code,
-                    'job_handler'       => urlencode('EventEspressoBatchRequest\JobHandlers\PreviewEventDeletion'),
-                    'return_url'        => urlencode($return_url),
-                ],
-                admin_url()
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks for a POST submission
-     *
-     * @since 4.10.12.p
-     */
-    protected function confirmDeletion()
-    {
-        $deletion_redirect_logic =
-            $this->getLoader()->getShared('\EventEspresso\core\domain\services\admin\events\data\ConfirmDeletion');
-        $deletion_redirect_logic->handle($this->get_request_data(), $this->admin_base_url());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * A page for users to preview what exactly will be deleted, and confirm they want to delete it.
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @since 4.10.12.p
-     */
-    protected function previewDeletion()
-    {
-        $preview_deletion_logic =
-            $this->getLoader()->getShared('\EventEspresso\core\domain\services\admin\events\data\PreviewDeletion');
-        $this->set_template_args($preview_deletion_logic->handle($this->get_request_data(), $this->admin_base_url()));
-        $this->display_admin_page_with_no_sidebar();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get total number of events
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function total_events()
-    {
-        return EEM_Event::instance()->count(
-            ['caps' => 'read_admin'],
-            'EVT_ID',
-            true
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get total number of draft events
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function total_events_draft()
-    {
-        return EEM_Event::instance()->count(
-            [
-                ['status' => ['IN', ['draft', 'auto-draft']]],
-                'caps' => 'read_admin',
-            ],
-            'EVT_ID',
-            true
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get total number of trashed events
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function total_trashed_events()
-    {
-        return EEM_Event::instance()->count(
-            [
-                ['status' => 'trash'],
-                'caps' => 'read_admin',
-            ],
-            'EVT_ID',
-            true
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    _default_event_settings
-     *    This generates the Default Settings Tab
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    protected function _default_event_settings()
-    {
-        $this->_set_add_edit_form_tags('update_default_event_settings');
-        $this->_set_publish_post_box_vars(null, false, false, null, false);
-        $this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = EEH_HTML::div(
-            $this->_default_event_settings_form()->get_html(),
-            '',
-            'padding'
-        );
-        $this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Return the form for event settings.
-     *
-     * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _default_event_settings_form()
-    {
-        $registration_config              = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration;
-        $registration_stati_for_selection = EEM_Registration::reg_status_array(
-        // exclude
-            [
-                EEM_Registration::status_id_cancelled,
-                EEM_Registration::status_id_declined,
-                EEM_Registration::status_id_incomplete,
-                EEM_Registration::status_id_wait_list,
-            ],
-            true
-        );
-        // setup Advanced Editor ???
-        if (
-            $this->raw_req_action === 'default_event_settings'
-            || $this->raw_req_action === 'update_default_event_settings'
-        ) {
-            $this->advanced_editor_admin_form = $this->loader->getShared(AdvancedEditorAdminFormSection::class);
-        }
-        return new EE_Form_Section_Proper(
-            [
-                'name'            => 'update_default_event_settings',
-                'html_id'         => 'update_default_event_settings',
-                'html_class'      => 'form-table',
-                'layout_strategy' => new EE_Admin_Two_Column_Layout(),
-                'subsections'     => apply_filters(
-                    'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page___default_event_settings_form__form_subsections',
-                    [
-                        'defaults_section_header' => new EE_Form_Section_HTML(
-                            EEH_HTML::h2(
-                                esc_html__('Default Settings', 'event_espresso'),
-                                '',
-                                'ee-admin-settings-hdr'
-                            )
-                        ),
-                        'default_reg_status'  => new EE_Select_Input(
-                            $registration_stati_for_selection,
-                            [
-                                'default'         => isset($registration_config->default_STS_ID)
-                                                     && array_key_exists(
-                                                         $registration_config->default_STS_ID,
-                                                         $registration_stati_for_selection
-                                                     )
-                                    ? sanitize_text_field($registration_config->default_STS_ID)
-                                    : EEM_Registration::status_id_pending_payment,
-                                'html_label_text' => esc_html__('Default Registration Status', 'event_espresso')
-                                                     . EEH_Template::get_help_tab_link(
-                                                         'default_settings_status_help_tab'
-                                                     ),
-                                'html_help_text'  => esc_html__(
-                                    'This setting allows you to preselect what the default registration status setting is when creating an event.  Note that changing this setting does NOT retroactively apply it to existing events.',
-                                    'event_espresso'
-                                ),
-                            ]
-                        ),
-                        'default_max_tickets' => new EE_Integer_Input(
-                            [
-                                'default'         => isset($registration_config->default_maximum_number_of_tickets)
-                                    ? $registration_config->default_maximum_number_of_tickets
-                                    : EEM_Event::get_default_additional_limit(),
-                                'html_label_text' => esc_html__(
-                                    'Default Maximum Tickets Allowed Per Order:',
-                                    'event_espresso'
-                                )
-                                                     . EEH_Template::get_help_tab_link(
-                                                         'default_maximum_tickets_help_tab"'
-                                                     ),
-                                'html_help_text'  => esc_html__(
-                                    'This setting allows you to indicate what will be the default for the maximum number of tickets per order when creating new events.',
-                                    'event_espresso'
-                                ),
-                            ]
-                        ),
-                    ]
-                ),
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    protected function _update_default_event_settings()
-    {
-        $form = $this->_default_event_settings_form();
-        if ($form->was_submitted()) {
-            $form->receive_form_submission();
-            if ($form->is_valid()) {
-                $registration_config = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration;
-                $valid_data          = $form->valid_data();
-                if (isset($valid_data['default_reg_status'])) {
-                    $registration_config->default_STS_ID = $valid_data['default_reg_status'];
-                }
-                if (isset($valid_data['default_max_tickets'])) {
-                    $registration_config->default_maximum_number_of_tickets = $valid_data['default_max_tickets'];
-                }
-                do_action(
-                    'AHEE__Events_Admin_Page___update_default_event_settings',
-                    $valid_data,
-                    EE_Registry::instance()->CFG,
-                    $this
-                );
-                // update because data was valid!
-                EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->update_espresso_config();
-                EE_Error::overwrite_success();
-                EE_Error::add_success(
-                    esc_html__('Default Event Settings were updated', 'event_espresso')
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_redirect_after_action(0, '', '', ['action' => 'default_event_settings'], true);
-    }
-
-
-    /*************        Templates        *************
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _template_settings()
-    {
-        $this->_admin_page_title              = esc_html__('Template Settings (Preview)', 'event_espresso');
-        $this->_template_args['preview_img']  = '<img src="'
-                                                . EVENTS_ASSETS_URL
-                                                . '/images/'
-                                                . 'caffeinated_template_features.jpg" alt="'
-                                                . esc_attr__('Template Settings Preview screenshot', 'event_espresso')
-                                                . '" />';
-        $this->_template_args['preview_text'] = '<strong>'
-                                                . esc_html__(
-                                                    'Template Settings is a feature that is only available in the premium version of Event Espresso 4 which is available with a support license purchase on EventEspresso.com. Template Settings allow you to configure some of the appearance options for both the Event List and Event Details pages.',
-                                                    'event_espresso'
-                                                ) . '</strong>';
-        $this->display_admin_caf_preview_page('template_settings_tab');
-    }
-
-
-    /** Event Category Stuff **/
-    /**
-     * set the _category property with the category object for the loaded page.
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function _set_category_object()
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_category->id) && ! empty($this->_category->id)) {
-            return;
-        } //already have the category object so get out.
-        // set default category object
-        $this->_set_empty_category_object();
-        // only set if we've got an id
-        $category_ID = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_CAT_ID', 0, 'int');
-        if (! $category_ID) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $term = get_term($category_ID, EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY);
-        if (! empty($term)) {
-            $this->_category->category_name       = $term->name;
-            $this->_category->category_identifier = $term->slug;
-            $this->_category->category_desc       = $term->description;
-            $this->_category->id                  = $term->term_id;
-            $this->_category->parent              = $term->parent;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Clears out category properties.
-     */
-    private function _set_empty_category_object()
-    {
-        $this->_category                = new stdClass();
-        $this->_category->category_name = $this->_category->category_identifier = $this->_category->category_desc = '';
-        $this->_category->id            = $this->_category->parent = 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    protected function _category_list_table()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
-        $this->_search_btn_label = esc_html__('Categories', 'event_espresso');
-        $this->_admin_page_title .= ' ';
-        $this->_admin_page_title .= $this->get_action_link_or_button(
-            'add_category',
-            'add_category',
-            [],
-            'add-new-h2'
-        );
-        $this->display_admin_list_table_page_with_sidebar();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Output category details view.
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _category_details($view)
-    {
-        // load formatter helper
-        // load field generator helper
-        $route = $view === 'edit' ? 'update_category' : 'insert_category';
-        $this->_set_add_edit_form_tags($route);
-        $this->_set_category_object();
-        $id            = ! empty($this->_category->id) ? $this->_category->id : '';
-        $delete_action = 'delete_category';
-        // custom redirect
-        $redirect = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            ['action' => 'category_list'],
-            $this->_admin_base_url
-        );
-        $this->_set_publish_post_box_vars('EVT_CAT_ID', $id, $delete_action, $redirect);
-        // take care of contents
-        $this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = $this->_category_details_content();
-        $this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Output category details content.
-     *
-     * @throws DomainException
-     */
-    protected function _category_details_content()
-    {
-        $editor_args['category_desc'] = [
-            'type'          => 'wp_editor',
-            'value'         => EEH_Formatter::admin_format_content($this->_category->category_desc),
-            'class'         => 'my_editor_custom',
-            'wpeditor_args' => ['media_buttons' => false],
-        ];
-        $_wp_editor                   = $this->_generate_admin_form_fields($editor_args, 'array');
-        $all_terms                    = get_terms(
-            [EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY],
-            ['hide_empty' => 0, 'exclude' => [$this->_category->id]]
-        );
-        // setup category select for term parents.
-        $category_select_values[] = [
-            'text' => esc_html__('No Parent', 'event_espresso'),
-            'id'   => 0,
-        ];
-        foreach ($all_terms as $term) {
-            $category_select_values[] = [
-                'text' => $term->name,
-                'id'   => $term->term_id,
-            ];
-        }
-        $category_select = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
-            'category_parent',
-            $category_select_values,
-            $this->_category->parent
-        );
-        $template_args   = [
-            'category'                 => $this->_category,
-            'category_select'          => $category_select,
-            'unique_id_info_help_link' => $this->_get_help_tab_link('unique_id_info'),
-            'category_desc_editor'     => $_wp_editor['category_desc']['field'],
-            'disable'                  => '',
-            'disabled_message'         => false,
-        ];
-        $template        = EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_category_details.template.php';
-        return EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Handles deleting categories.
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _delete_categories()
-    {
-        $category_IDs = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_CAT_ID', 0, 'int', true);
-        foreach ($category_IDs as $category_ID) {
-            $this->_delete_category($category_ID);
-        }
-        // doesn't matter what page we're coming from... we're going to the same place after delete.
-        $query_args = [
-            'action' => 'category_list',
-        ];
-        $this->_redirect_after_action(0, '', '', $query_args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Handles deleting specific category.
-     *
-     * @param int $cat_id
-     */
-    protected function _delete_category($cat_id)
-    {
-        $cat_id = absint($cat_id);
-        wp_delete_term($cat_id, EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Handles triggering the update or insertion of a new category.
-     *
-     * @param bool $new_category true means we're triggering the insert of a new category.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _insert_or_update_category($new_category)
-    {
-        $cat_id  = $new_category ? $this->_insert_category() : $this->_insert_category(true);
-        $success = 0; // we already have a success message so lets not send another.
-        if ($cat_id) {
-            $query_args = [
-                'action'     => 'edit_category',
-                'EVT_CAT_ID' => $cat_id,
-            ];
-        } else {
-            $query_args = ['action' => 'add_category'];
-        }
-        $this->_redirect_after_action($success, '', '', $query_args, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Inserts or updates category
-     *
-     * @param bool $update (true indicates we're updating a category).
-     * @return bool|mixed|string
-     */
-    private function _insert_category($update = false)
-    {
-        $category_ID         = $update ? $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_CAT_ID', 0, 'int') : 0;
-        $category_name       = $this->request->getRequestParam('category_name', '');
-        $category_desc       = $this->request->getRequestParam('category_desc', '');
-        $category_parent     = $this->request->getRequestParam('category_parent', 0, 'int');
-        $category_identifier = $this->request->getRequestParam('category_identifier', '');
-
-        if (empty($category_name)) {
-            $msg = esc_html__('You must add a name for the category.', 'event_espresso');
-            EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return false;
-        }
-        $term_args = [
-            'name'        => $category_name,
-            'description' => $category_desc,
-            'parent'      => $category_parent,
-        ];
-        // was the category_identifier input disabled?
-        if ($category_identifier) {
-            $term_args['slug'] = $category_identifier;
-        }
-        $insert_ids = $update
-            ? wp_update_term($category_ID, EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY, $term_args)
-            : wp_insert_term($category_name, EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY, $term_args);
-        if (! is_array($insert_ids)) {
-            $msg = esc_html__(
-                'An error occurred and the category has not been saved to the database.',
-                'event_espresso'
-            );
-            EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-        } else {
-            $category_ID = $insert_ids['term_id'];
-            $msg         = sprintf(
-                esc_html__('The category %s was successfully saved', 'event_espresso'),
-                $category_name
-            );
-            EE_Error::add_success($msg);
-        }
-        return $category_ID;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets categories or count of categories matching the arguments in the request.
-     *
-     * @param int  $per_page
-     * @param int  $current_page
-     * @param bool $count
-     * @return EE_Term_Taxonomy[]|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_categories($per_page = 10, $current_page = 1, $count = false)
-    {
-        // testing term stuff
-        $orderby     = $this->request->getRequestParam('orderby', 'Term.term_id');
-        $order       = $this->request->getRequestParam('order', 'DESC');
-        $limit       = ($current_page - 1) * $per_page;
-        $where       = ['taxonomy' => EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY];
-        $search_term = $this->request->getRequestParam('s');
-        if ($search_term) {
-            $search_term = '%' . $search_term . '%';
-            $where['OR'] = [
-                'Term.name'   => ['LIKE', $search_term],
-                'description' => ['LIKE', $search_term],
-            ];
-        }
-        $query_params = [
-            $where,
-            'order_by'   => [$orderby => $order],
-            'limit'      => $limit . ',' . $per_page,
-            'force_join' => ['Term'],
-        ];
-        return $count
-            ? EEM_Term_Taxonomy::instance()->count($query_params, 'term_id')
-            : EEM_Term_Taxonomy::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-    /* end category stuff */
-
-
-    /**************/
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for the `ee_save_timezone_setting` ajax action.
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function saveTimezoneString()
-    {
-        $timezone_string = $this->request->getRequestParam('timezone_selected');
-        if (empty($timezone_string) || ! EEH_DTT_Helper::validate_timezone($timezone_string, false)) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__('An invalid timezone string submitted.', 'event_espresso'),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            $this->_template_args['error'] = true;
-            $this->_return_json();
-        }
-
-        update_option('timezone_string', $timezone_string);
-        EE_Error::add_success(
-            esc_html__('Your timezone string was updated.', 'event_espresso')
-        );
-        $this->_template_args['success'] = true;
-        $this->_return_json(true, ['action' => 'create_new']);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
      * @throws EE_Error
-     * @deprecated 4.10.25.p
      */
-    public function save_timezonestring_setting()
-    {
-        $this->saveTimezoneString();
-    }
+	protected function _template_settings()
+	{
+		$this->_admin_page_title              = esc_html__('Template Settings (Preview)', 'event_espresso');
+		$this->_template_args['preview_img']  = '<img src="'
+												. EVENTS_ASSETS_URL
+												. '/images/'
+												. 'caffeinated_template_features.jpg" alt="'
+												. esc_attr__('Template Settings Preview screenshot', 'event_espresso')
+												. '" />';
+		$this->_template_args['preview_text'] = '<strong>'
+												. esc_html__(
+													'Template Settings is a feature that is only available in the premium version of Event Espresso 4 which is available with a support license purchase on EventEspresso.com. Template Settings allow you to configure some of the appearance options for both the Event List and Event Details pages.',
+													'event_espresso'
+												) . '</strong>';
+		$this->display_admin_caf_preview_page('template_settings_tab');
+	}
+
+
+	/** Event Category Stuff **/
+	/**
+	 * set the _category property with the category object for the loaded page.
+	 *
+	 * @access private
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	private function _set_category_object()
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_category->id) && ! empty($this->_category->id)) {
+			return;
+		} //already have the category object so get out.
+		// set default category object
+		$this->_set_empty_category_object();
+		// only set if we've got an id
+		$category_ID = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_CAT_ID', 0, 'int');
+		if (! $category_ID) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$term = get_term($category_ID, EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY);
+		if (! empty($term)) {
+			$this->_category->category_name       = $term->name;
+			$this->_category->category_identifier = $term->slug;
+			$this->_category->category_desc       = $term->description;
+			$this->_category->id                  = $term->term_id;
+			$this->_category->parent              = $term->parent;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Clears out category properties.
+	 */
+	private function _set_empty_category_object()
+	{
+		$this->_category                = new stdClass();
+		$this->_category->category_name = $this->_category->category_identifier = $this->_category->category_desc = '';
+		$this->_category->id            = $this->_category->parent = 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	protected function _category_list_table()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
+		$this->_search_btn_label = esc_html__('Categories', 'event_espresso');
+		$this->_admin_page_title .= ' ';
+		$this->_admin_page_title .= $this->get_action_link_or_button(
+			'add_category',
+			'add_category',
+			[],
+			'add-new-h2'
+		);
+		$this->display_admin_list_table_page_with_sidebar();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Output category details view.
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _category_details($view)
+	{
+		// load formatter helper
+		// load field generator helper
+		$route = $view === 'edit' ? 'update_category' : 'insert_category';
+		$this->_set_add_edit_form_tags($route);
+		$this->_set_category_object();
+		$id            = ! empty($this->_category->id) ? $this->_category->id : '';
+		$delete_action = 'delete_category';
+		// custom redirect
+		$redirect = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			['action' => 'category_list'],
+			$this->_admin_base_url
+		);
+		$this->_set_publish_post_box_vars('EVT_CAT_ID', $id, $delete_action, $redirect);
+		// take care of contents
+		$this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = $this->_category_details_content();
+		$this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Output category details content.
+	 *
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 */
+	protected function _category_details_content()
+	{
+		$editor_args['category_desc'] = [
+			'type'          => 'wp_editor',
+			'value'         => EEH_Formatter::admin_format_content($this->_category->category_desc),
+			'class'         => 'my_editor_custom',
+			'wpeditor_args' => ['media_buttons' => false],
+		];
+		$_wp_editor                   = $this->_generate_admin_form_fields($editor_args, 'array');
+		$all_terms                    = get_terms(
+			[EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY],
+			['hide_empty' => 0, 'exclude' => [$this->_category->id]]
+		);
+		// setup category select for term parents.
+		$category_select_values[] = [
+			'text' => esc_html__('No Parent', 'event_espresso'),
+			'id'   => 0,
+		];
+		foreach ($all_terms as $term) {
+			$category_select_values[] = [
+				'text' => $term->name,
+				'id'   => $term->term_id,
+			];
+		}
+		$category_select = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
+			'category_parent',
+			$category_select_values,
+			$this->_category->parent
+		);
+		$template_args   = [
+			'category'                 => $this->_category,
+			'category_select'          => $category_select,
+			'unique_id_info_help_link' => $this->_get_help_tab_link('unique_id_info'),
+			'category_desc_editor'     => $_wp_editor['category_desc']['field'],
+			'disable'                  => '',
+			'disabled_message'         => false,
+		];
+		$template        = EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_category_details.template.php';
+		return EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Handles deleting categories.
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _delete_categories()
+	{
+		$category_IDs = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_CAT_ID', 0, 'int', true);
+		foreach ($category_IDs as $category_ID) {
+			$this->_delete_category($category_ID);
+		}
+		// doesn't matter what page we're coming from... we're going to the same place after delete.
+		$query_args = [
+			'action' => 'category_list',
+		];
+		$this->_redirect_after_action(0, '', '', $query_args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Handles deleting specific category.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $cat_id
+	 */
+	protected function _delete_category($cat_id)
+	{
+		$cat_id = absint($cat_id);
+		wp_delete_term($cat_id, EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Handles triggering the update or insertion of a new category.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $new_category true means we're triggering the insert of a new category.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _insert_or_update_category($new_category)
+	{
+		$cat_id  = $new_category ? $this->_insert_category() : $this->_insert_category(true);
+		$success = 0; // we already have a success message so lets not send another.
+		if ($cat_id) {
+			$query_args = [
+				'action'     => 'edit_category',
+				'EVT_CAT_ID' => $cat_id,
+			];
+		} else {
+			$query_args = ['action' => 'add_category'];
+		}
+		$this->_redirect_after_action($success, '', '', $query_args, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Inserts or updates category
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $update (true indicates we're updating a category).
+	 * @return bool|mixed|string
+	 */
+	private function _insert_category($update = false)
+	{
+		$category_ID         = $update ? $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_CAT_ID', 0, 'int') : 0;
+		$category_name       = $this->request->getRequestParam('category_name', '');
+		$category_desc       = $this->request->getRequestParam('category_desc', '');
+		$category_parent     = $this->request->getRequestParam('category_parent', 0, 'int');
+		$category_identifier = $this->request->getRequestParam('category_identifier', '');
+
+		if (empty($category_name)) {
+			$msg = esc_html__('You must add a name for the category.', 'event_espresso');
+			EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return false;
+		}
+		$term_args = [
+			'name'        => $category_name,
+			'description' => $category_desc,
+			'parent'      => $category_parent,
+		];
+		// was the category_identifier input disabled?
+		if ($category_identifier) {
+			$term_args['slug'] = $category_identifier;
+		}
+		$insert_ids = $update
+			? wp_update_term($category_ID, EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY, $term_args)
+			: wp_insert_term($category_name, EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY, $term_args);
+		if (! is_array($insert_ids)) {
+			$msg = esc_html__(
+				'An error occurred and the category has not been saved to the database.',
+				'event_espresso'
+			);
+			EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+		} else {
+			$category_ID = $insert_ids['term_id'];
+			$msg         = sprintf(
+				esc_html__('The category %s was successfully saved', 'event_espresso'),
+				$category_name
+			);
+			EE_Error::add_success($msg);
+		}
+		return $category_ID;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets categories or count of categories matching the arguments in the request.
+	 *
+	 * @param int  $per_page
+	 * @param int  $current_page
+	 * @param bool $count
+	 * @return EE_Term_Taxonomy[]|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_categories($per_page = 10, $current_page = 1, $count = false)
+	{
+		// testing term stuff
+		$orderby     = $this->request->getRequestParam('orderby', 'Term.term_id');
+		$order       = $this->request->getRequestParam('order', 'DESC');
+		$limit       = ($current_page - 1) * $per_page;
+		$where       = ['taxonomy' => EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY];
+		$search_term = $this->request->getRequestParam('s');
+		if ($search_term) {
+			$search_term = '%' . $search_term . '%';
+			$where['OR'] = [
+				'Term.name'   => ['LIKE', $search_term],
+				'description' => ['LIKE', $search_term],
+			];
+		}
+		$query_params = [
+			$where,
+			'order_by'   => [$orderby => $order],
+			'limit'      => $limit . ',' . $per_page,
+			'force_join' => ['Term'],
+		];
+		return $count
+			? EEM_Term_Taxonomy::instance()->count($query_params, 'term_id')
+			: EEM_Term_Taxonomy::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+	/* end category stuff */
+
+
+	/**************/
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for the `ee_save_timezone_setting` ajax action.
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function saveTimezoneString()
+	{
+		$timezone_string = $this->request->getRequestParam('timezone_selected');
+		if (empty($timezone_string) || ! EEH_DTT_Helper::validate_timezone($timezone_string, false)) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__('An invalid timezone string submitted.', 'event_espresso'),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			$this->_template_args['error'] = true;
+			$this->_return_json();
+		}
+
+		update_option('timezone_string', $timezone_string);
+		EE_Error::add_success(
+			esc_html__('Your timezone string was updated.', 'event_espresso')
+		);
+		$this->_template_args['success'] = true;
+		$this->_return_json(true, ['action' => 'create_new']);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @deprecated 4.10.25.p
+	 */
+	public function save_timezonestring_setting()
+	{
+		$this->saveTimezoneString();
+	}
 }

Spacing +89 added lines, -89 removed lines

@@ -580,13 +580,13 @@ 
     {
         wp_register_style(
             'events-admin-css',
-            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'events-admin-page.css',
+            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL.'events-admin-page.css',
             [],
             EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
         );
         wp_register_style(
             'ee-cat-admin',
-            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'ee-cat-admin.css',
+            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL.'ee-cat-admin.css',
             [],
             EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
         );
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ 
         // scripts
         wp_register_script(
             'event_editor_js',
-            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'event_editor.js',
+            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL.'event_editor.js',
             ['ee_admin_js', 'jquery-ui-slider', 'jquery-ui-timepicker-addon'],
             EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
             true
@@ -621,16 +621,16 @@ 
         wp_enqueue_style('espresso-ui-theme');
         wp_register_style(
             'event-editor-css',
-            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'event-editor.css',
+            EVENTS_ASSETS_URL.'event-editor.css',
             ['ee-admin-css'],
             EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
         );
         wp_enqueue_style('event-editor-css');
         // scripts
-        if (! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor()) {
+        if ( ! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor()) {
             wp_register_script(
                 'event-datetime-metabox',
-                EVENTS_ASSETS_URL . 'event-datetime-metabox.js',
+                EVENTS_ASSETS_URL.'event-datetime-metabox.js',
                 ['event_editor_js', 'ee-datepicker'],
                 EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
             );
@@ -700,15 +700,15 @@ 
     public function verify_event_edit($event = null, $req_type = '')
     {
         // don't need to do this when processing
-        if (! empty($req_type)) {
+        if ( ! empty($req_type)) {
             return;
         }
         // no event?
-        if (! $event instanceof EE_Event) {
+        if ( ! $event instanceof EE_Event) {
             $event = $this->_cpt_model_obj;
         }
         // STILL no event?
-        if (! $event instanceof EE_Event) {
+        if ( ! $event instanceof EE_Event) {
             return;
         }
         $orig_status = $event->status();
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ 
             );
         }
         // now we need to determine if the event has any tickets on sale.  If not then we dont' show the error
-        if (! $event->tickets_on_sale()) {
+        if ( ! $event->tickets_on_sale()) {
             return;
         }
         // made it here so show warning
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ 
     {
         $has_timezone_string = get_option('timezone_string');
         // only nag them about setting their timezone if it's their first event, and they haven't already done it
-        if (! $has_timezone_string && ! EEM_Event::instance()->exists([])) {
+        if ( ! $has_timezone_string && ! EEM_Event::instance()->exists([])) {
             EE_Error::add_attention(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ 
      */
     protected function _event_legend_items()
     {
-        $items    = [
+        $items = [
             'view_details'   => [
                 'class' => 'dashicons dashicons-visibility',
                 'desc'  => esc_html__('View Event', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -882,31 +882,31 @@ 
         $items    = apply_filters('FHEE__Events_Admin_Page___event_legend_items__items', $items);
         $statuses = [
             'sold_out_status'  => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::sold_out,
+                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--'.EE_Datetime::sold_out,
                 'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::sold_out, false, 'sentence'),
             ],
             'active_status'    => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::active,
+                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--'.EE_Datetime::active,
                 'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::active, false, 'sentence'),
             ],
             'upcoming_status'  => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::upcoming,
+                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--'.EE_Datetime::upcoming,
                 'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::upcoming, false, 'sentence'),
             ],
             'postponed_status' => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::postponed,
+                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--'.EE_Datetime::postponed,
                 'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::postponed, false, 'sentence'),
             ],
             'cancelled_status' => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::cancelled,
+                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--'.EE_Datetime::cancelled,
                 'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::cancelled, false, 'sentence'),
             ],
             'expired_status'   => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::expired,
+                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--'.EE_Datetime::expired,
                 'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::expired, false, 'sentence'),
             ],
             'inactive_status'  => [
-                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--' . EE_Datetime::inactive,
+                'class' => 'ee-status-legend ee-status-bg--'.EE_Datetime::inactive,
                 'desc'  => EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Datetime::inactive, false, 'sentence'),
             ],
         ];
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ 
      */
     private function _event_model()
     {
-        if (! $this->_event_model instanceof EEM_Event) {
+        if ( ! $this->_event_model instanceof EEM_Event) {
             $this->_event_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Event');
         }
         return $this->_event_model;
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ 
     public function extra_permalink_field_buttons($return, $id, $new_title, $new_slug)
     {
         // make sure this is only when editing
-        if (! empty($id)) {
+        if ( ! empty($id)) {
             $post = get_post($id);
             $return .= '<a class="button button--small button--secondary" onclick="prompt(\'Shortcode:\', jQuery(\'#shortcode\').val()); return false;" href="#"  tabindex="-1">'
                        . esc_html__('Shortcode', 'event_espresso')
@@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ 
      */
     protected function _events_overview_list_table()
     {
-        $after_list_table                           = [];
+        $after_list_table = [];
         $links_html = EEH_HTML::div('', '', 'ee-admin-section ee-layout-stack');
         $links_html .= EEH_HTML::h3(esc_html__('Links', 'event_espresso'));
         $links_html .= EEH_HTML::div(
@@ -989,14 +989,14 @@ 
         $after_list_table['view_event_list_button'] = $links_html;
 
         $after_list_table['legend'] = $this->_display_legend($this->_event_legend_items());
-        $this->_admin_page_title                    .= ' ' . $this->get_action_link_or_button(
+        $this->_admin_page_title .= ' '.$this->get_action_link_or_button(
             'create_new',
             'add',
             [],
             'add-new-h2'
         );
 
-        $this->_template_args['after_list_table']   = array_merge(
+        $this->_template_args['after_list_table'] = array_merge(
             (array) $this->_template_args['after_list_table'],
             $after_list_table
         );
@@ -1053,13 +1053,13 @@ 
             'EVT_timezone_string' => $this->request->getRequestParam('timezone_string'),
         ];
         // check if the new EDTR reg options meta box is being used, and if so, don't run updates for legacy version
-        if (! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor() || ! $this->feature->allowed('use_reg_options_meta_box')) {
-            $event_values['EVT_display_ticket_selector']     = $this->request->getRequestParam(
+        if ( ! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor() || ! $this->feature->allowed('use_reg_options_meta_box')) {
+            $event_values['EVT_display_ticket_selector'] = $this->request->getRequestParam(
                 'display_ticket_selector',
                 false,
                 'bool'
             );
-            $event_values['EVT_additional_limit']            = min(
+            $event_values['EVT_additional_limit'] = min(
                 apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Events_Admin__insert_update_cpt_item__EVT_additional_limit_max', 255),
                 $this->request->getRequestParam(
                     'additional_limit',
@@ -1100,7 +1100,7 @@ 
         // the following are default callbacks for event attachment updates
         // that can be overridden by caffeinated functionality and/or addons.
         $event_update_callbacks = [];
-        if (! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor()) {
+        if ( ! $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor()) {
             $event_update_callbacks['_default_venue_update']   = [$this, '_default_venue_update'];
             $event_update_callbacks['_default_tickets_update'] = [$this, '_default_tickets_update'];
         }
@@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ 
      */
     protected function _default_venue_update(EE_Event $event, $data)
     {
-        require_once(EE_MODELS . 'EEM_Venue.model.php');
+        require_once(EE_MODELS.'EEM_Venue.model.php');
         $venue_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Venue');
         $venue_id    = ! empty($data['venue_id']) ? $data['venue_id'] : null;
         // very important.  If we don't have a venue name...
@@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ 
             'status'              => 'publish',
         ];
         // if we've got the venue_id then we're just updating the existing venue so let's do that and then get out.
-        if (! empty($venue_id)) {
+        if ( ! empty($venue_id)) {
             $update_where  = [$venue_model->primary_key_name() => $venue_id];
             $rows_affected = $venue_model->update($venue_array, [$update_where]);
             // we've gotta make sure that the venue is always attached to a revision..
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ 
                 isset($datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end']) && ! empty($datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end'])
                     ? $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end']
                     : $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_start'];
-            $datetime_values              = [
+            $datetime_values = [
                 'DTT_ID'        => ! empty($datetime_data['DTT_ID']) ? $datetime_data['DTT_ID'] : null,
                 'DTT_EVT_start' => $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_start'],
                 'DTT_EVT_end'   => $datetime_data['DTT_EVT_end'],
@@ -1253,9 +1253,9 @@ 
             ];
             // if we have an id then let's get existing object first and then set the new values.
             //  Otherwise we instantiate a new object for save.
-            if (! empty($datetime_data['DTT_ID'])) {
+            if ( ! empty($datetime_data['DTT_ID'])) {
                 $datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance($event_timezone)->get_one_by_ID($datetime_data['DTT_ID']);
-                if (! $datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+                if ( ! $datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
                     throw new RuntimeException(
                         sprintf(
                             esc_html__(
@@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ 
             } else {
                 $datetime = EE_Datetime::new_instance($datetime_values, $event_timezone, $date_formats);
             }
-            if (! $datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+            if ( ! $datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
                 throw new RuntimeException(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@ 
 
         // set up some default start and end dates in case those are not present in the incoming data
         $default_start_date = new DateTime('now', new DateTimeZone($event->get_timezone()));
-        $default_start_date = $default_start_date->format($date_formats[0] . ' ' . $date_formats[1]);
+        $default_start_date = $default_start_date->format($date_formats[0].' '.$date_formats[1]);
         // use the start date of the first datetime for the end date
         $first_datetime   = $event->first_datetime();
         $default_end_date = $first_datetime->start_date_and_time($date_formats[0], $date_formats[1]);
@@ -1308,8 +1308,8 @@ 
         // now process the incoming data
         foreach ($data['edit_tickets'] as $row => $ticket_data) {
             $update_prices = false;
-            $ticket_price  = isset($data['edit_prices'][ $row ][1]['PRC_amount'])
-                ? $data['edit_prices'][ $row ][1]['PRC_amount']
+            $ticket_price  = isset($data['edit_prices'][$row][1]['PRC_amount'])
+                ? $data['edit_prices'][$row][1]['PRC_amount']
                 : 0;
             // trim inputs to ensure any excess whitespace is removed.
             $ticket_data   = array_map('trim', $ticket_data);
@@ -1350,9 +1350,9 @@ 
             // ticket didn't get removed or added to any datetime in the session but DID have it's items modified.
             // keep in mind that if the ticket has been sold (and we have changed pricing information),
             // then we won't be updating the tkt but instead a new tkt will be created and the old one archived.
-            if (! empty($ticket_data['TKT_ID'])) {
+            if ( ! empty($ticket_data['TKT_ID'])) {
                 $existing_ticket = EEM_Ticket::instance($event_timezone)->get_one_by_ID($ticket_data['TKT_ID']);
-                if (! $existing_ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
+                if ( ! $existing_ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
                     throw new RuntimeException(
                         sprintf(
                             esc_html__(
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ 
                     $existing_ticket->save();
                     // make sure this ticket is still recorded in our $saved_tickets
                     // so we don't run it through the regular trash routine.
-                    $saved_tickets[ $existing_ticket->ID() ] = $existing_ticket;
+                    $saved_tickets[$existing_ticket->ID()] = $existing_ticket;
                     // create new ticket that's a copy of the existing except,
                     // (a new id of course and not archived) AND has the new TKT_price associated with it.
                     $new_ticket = clone $existing_ticket;
@@ -1418,7 +1418,7 @@ 
                 $ticket                     = EE_Ticket::new_instance($ticket_values, $event_timezone, $date_formats);
                 $update_prices              = true;
             }
-            if (! $ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
+            if ( ! $ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
                 throw new RuntimeException(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -1442,10 +1442,10 @@ 
             }
             // initially let's add the ticket to the datetime
             $datetime->_add_relation_to($ticket, 'Ticket');
-            $saved_tickets[ $ticket->ID() ] = $ticket;
+            $saved_tickets[$ticket->ID()] = $ticket;
             // add prices to ticket
-            $prices_data = isset($data['edit_prices'][ $row ]) && is_array($data['edit_prices'][ $row ])
-                ? $data['edit_prices'][ $row ]
+            $prices_data = isset($data['edit_prices'][$row]) && is_array($data['edit_prices'][$row])
+                ? $data['edit_prices'][$row]
                 : [];
             $this->_add_prices_to_ticket($prices_data, $ticket, $update_prices);
         }
@@ -1459,7 +1459,7 @@ 
             $id = absint($id);
             // get the ticket for this id
             $ticket_to_remove = EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_one_by_ID($id);
-            if (! $ticket_to_remove instanceof EE_Ticket) {
+            if ( ! $ticket_to_remove instanceof EE_Ticket) {
                 continue;
             }
             // need to get all the related datetimes on this ticket and remove from every single one of them
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ 
                     $price->set($field, $new_price);
                 }
             }
-            if (! $price instanceof EE_Price) {
+            if ( ! $price instanceof EE_Price) {
                 throw new RuntimeException(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -1558,13 +1558,13 @@ 
     {
         // load formatter helper
         // args for getting related registrations
-        $approved_query_args        = [
+        $approved_query_args = [
             [
                 'REG_deleted' => 0,
                 'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
             ],
         ];
-        $not_approved_query_args    = [
+        $not_approved_query_args = [
             [
                 'REG_deleted' => 0,
                 'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_not_approved,
@@ -1627,7 +1627,7 @@ 
         $publish_box_extra_args['event_editor_overview_add'] = ob_get_clean();
         // load template
         EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_publish_box_extras.template.php',
+            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH.'event_publish_box_extras.template.php',
             $publish_box_extra_args
         );
     }
@@ -1658,7 +1658,7 @@ 
         $this->verify_cpt_object();
         $use_advanced_editor = $this->admin_config->useAdvancedEditor();
         // check if the new EDTR reg options meta box is being used, and if so, don't load the legacy version
-        if (! $use_advanced_editor || ! $this->feature->allowed('use_reg_options_meta_box')) {
+        if ( ! $use_advanced_editor || ! $this->feature->allowed('use_reg_options_meta_box')) {
             $this->addMetaBox(
                 'espresso_event_editor_event_options',
                 esc_html__('Event Registration Options', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -1667,7 +1667,7 @@ 
                 'side'
             );
         }
-        if (! $use_advanced_editor) {
+        if ( ! $use_advanced_editor) {
             $this->addMetaBox(
                 'espresso_event_editor_tickets',
                 esc_html__('Event Datetime & Ticket', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -1679,7 +1679,7 @@ 
         } elseif ($this->feature->allowed('use_reg_options_meta_box')) {
             add_action(
                 'add_meta_boxes_espresso_events',
-                function () {
+                function() {
                     global $current_screen;
                     remove_meta_box('authordiv', $current_screen, 'normal');
                 },
@@ -1714,7 +1714,7 @@ 
             'trash_icon'               => 'dashicons dashicons-lock',
             'disabled'                 => '',
         ];
-        $event_id      = is_object($this->_cpt_model_obj) ? $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() : null;
+        $event_id = is_object($this->_cpt_model_obj) ? $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() : null;
         /**
          * 1. Start with retrieving Datetimes
          * 2. Fore each datetime get related tickets
@@ -1740,24 +1740,24 @@ 
                     'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
                 ]
             );
-            if (! empty($related_tickets)) {
+            if ( ! empty($related_tickets)) {
                 $template_args['total_ticket_rows'] = count($related_tickets);
                 $row                                = 0;
                 foreach ($related_tickets as $ticket) {
-                    $existing_ticket_ids[]        = $ticket->get('TKT_ID');
+                    $existing_ticket_ids[] = $ticket->get('TKT_ID');
                     $template_args['ticket_rows'] .= $this->_get_ticket_row($ticket, false, $row);
                     $row++;
                 }
             } else {
                 $template_args['total_ticket_rows'] = 1;
                 /** @type EE_Ticket $ticket */
-                $ticket                       = $ticket_model->create_default_object();
+                $ticket = $ticket_model->create_default_object();
                 $template_args['ticket_rows'] .= $this->_get_ticket_row($ticket);
             }
         } else {
             $template_args['time'] = $times[0];
             /** @type EE_Ticket[] $tickets */
-            $tickets                      = $ticket_model->get_all_default_tickets();
+            $tickets = $ticket_model->get_all_default_tickets();
             $template_args['ticket_rows'] .= $this->_get_ticket_row($tickets[1]);
             // NOTE: we're just sending the first default row
             // (decaf can't manage default tickets so this should be sufficient);
@@ -1772,9 +1772,9 @@ 
             $ticket_model->create_default_object(),
             true
         );
-        $template                                  = apply_filters(
+        $template = apply_filters(
             'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__ticket_metabox__template',
-            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_tickets_metabox_main.template.php'
+            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH.'event_tickets_metabox_main.template.php'
         );
         EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args);
     }
@@ -1794,7 +1794,7 @@ 
     private function _get_ticket_row($ticket, $skeleton = false, $row = 0)
     {
         $template_args = [
-            'tkt_status_class'    => ' tkt-status-' . $ticket->ticket_status(),
+            'tkt_status_class'    => ' tkt-status-'.$ticket->ticket_status(),
             'tkt_archive_class'   => $ticket->ticket_status() === EE_Ticket::archived && ! $skeleton ? ' tkt-archived'
                 : '',
             'ticketrow'           => $skeleton ? 'TICKETNUM' : $row,
@@ -1806,10 +1806,10 @@ 
             'TKT_qty'             => $ticket->get_pretty('TKT_qty', 'input'),
             'edit_ticketrow_name' => $skeleton ? 'TICKETNAMEATTR' : 'edit_tickets',
             'TKT_sold'            => $skeleton ? 0 : $ticket->get('TKT_sold'),
-            'trash_icon'          => ($skeleton || (! empty($ticket) && ! $ticket->get('TKT_deleted')))
-                                     && (! empty($ticket) && $ticket->get('TKT_sold') === 0)
+            'trash_icon'          => ($skeleton || ( ! empty($ticket) && ! $ticket->get('TKT_deleted')))
+                                     && ( ! empty($ticket) && $ticket->get('TKT_sold') === 0)
                 ? 'trash-icon dashicons dashicons-post-trash clickable' : 'dashicons dashicons-lock',
-            'disabled'            => $skeleton || (! empty($ticket) && ! $ticket->get('TKT_deleted')) ? ''
+            'disabled'            => $skeleton || ( ! empty($ticket) && ! $ticket->get('TKT_deleted')) ? ''
                 : ' disabled=disabled',
         ];
         $price         = $ticket->ID() !== 0
@@ -1833,7 +1833,7 @@ 
         }
         if (empty($template_args['TKT_end_date'])) {
             // get the earliest datetime (if present);
-            $earliest_datetime             = $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() > 0
+            $earliest_datetime = $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() > 0
                 ? $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_first_related(
                     'Datetime',
                     ['order_by' => ['DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC']]
@@ -1846,7 +1846,7 @@ 
         $template_args = array_merge($template_args, $price_args);
         $template      = apply_filters(
             'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__get_ticket_row__template',
-            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_tickets_metabox_ticket_row.template.php',
+            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH.'event_tickets_metabox_ticket_row.template.php',
             $ticket
         );
         return EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args, true);
@@ -1859,7 +1859,7 @@ 
      */
     public function registration_options_meta_box()
     {
-        $yes_no_values             = [
+        $yes_no_values = [
             ['id' => true, 'text' => esc_html__('Yes', 'event_espresso')],
             ['id' => false, 'text' => esc_html__('No', 'event_espresso')],
         ];
@@ -1881,12 +1881,12 @@ 
             $default_reg_status_values,
             $this->_cpt_model_obj->default_registration_status()
         );
-        $template_args['display_description']             = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
+        $template_args['display_description'] = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
             'display_desc',
             $yes_no_values,
             $this->_cpt_model_obj->display_description()
         );
-        $template_args['display_ticket_selector']         = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
+        $template_args['display_ticket_selector'] = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
             'display_ticket_selector',
             $yes_no_values,
             $this->_cpt_model_obj->display_ticket_selector(),
@@ -1902,7 +1902,7 @@ 
             $default_reg_status_values
         );
         EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_registration_options.template.php',
+            EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH.'event_registration_options.template.php',
             $template_args
         );
     }
@@ -1925,7 +1925,7 @@ 
     {
         $EEM_Event   = $this->_event_model();
         $offset      = ($current_page - 1) * $per_page;
-        $limit       = $count ? null : $offset . ',' . $per_page;
+        $limit       = $count ? null : $offset.','.$per_page;
         $orderby     = $this->request->getRequestParam('orderby', 'EVT_ID');
         $order       = $this->request->getRequestParam('order', 'DESC');
         $month_range = $this->request->getRequestParam('month_range');
@@ -1962,10 +1962,10 @@ 
         $start_formats = EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_formats_for('DTT_EVT_start');
         if ($month_range) {
             $DateTime = new DateTime(
-                $year_r . '-' . $month_r . '-01 00:00:00',
+                $year_r.'-'.$month_r.'-01 00:00:00',
                 new DateTimeZone('UTC')
             );
-            $start    = $DateTime->getTimestamp();
+            $start = $DateTime->getTimestamp();
             // set the datetime to be the end of the month
             $DateTime->setDate(
                 $year_r,
@@ -1990,11 +1990,11 @@ 
                                                         ->format(implode(' ', $start_formats));
             $where['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = ['BETWEEN', [$start, $end]];
         }
-        if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_others_events', 'get_events')) {
+        if ( ! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_others_events', 'get_events')) {
             $where['EVT_wp_user'] = get_current_user_id();
         } else {
-            if (! isset($where['status'])) {
-                if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_private_events', 'get_events')) {
+            if ( ! isset($where['status'])) {
+                if ( ! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_private_events', 'get_events')) {
                     $where['OR'] = [
                         'status*restrict_private' => ['!=', 'private'],
                         'AND'                     => [
@@ -2016,7 +2016,7 @@ 
         // search query handling
         $search_term = $this->request->getRequestParam('s');
         if ($search_term) {
-            $search_term = '%' . $search_term . '%';
+            $search_term = '%'.$search_term.'%';
             $where['OR'] = [
                 'EVT_name'       => ['LIKE', $search_term],
                 'EVT_desc'       => ['LIKE', $search_term],
@@ -2124,7 +2124,7 @@ 
             // clean status
             $event_status = sanitize_key($event_status);
             // grab status
-            if (! empty($event_status)) {
+            if ( ! empty($event_status)) {
                 $success = $this->_change_event_status($EVT_ID, $event_status);
             } else {
                 $success = false;
@@ -2164,7 +2164,7 @@ 
         // clean status
         $event_status = sanitize_key($event_status);
         // grab status
-        if (! empty($event_status)) {
+        if ( ! empty($event_status)) {
             $success = true;
             // determine the event id and set to array.
             $EVT_IDs = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_IDs', [], 'int', true);
@@ -2210,7 +2210,7 @@ 
     private function _change_event_status($EVT_ID = 0, $event_status = '')
     {
         // grab event id
-        if (! $EVT_ID) {
+        if ( ! $EVT_ID) {
             $msg = esc_html__(
                 'An error occurred. No Event ID or an invalid Event ID was received.',
                 'event_espresso'
@@ -2247,7 +2247,7 @@ 
         // use class to change status
         $this->_cpt_model_obj->set_status($event_status);
         $success = $this->_cpt_model_obj->save();
-        if (! $success) {
+        if ( ! $success) {
             $msg = sprintf(esc_html__('An error occurred. The event could not be %s.', 'event_espresso'), $action);
             EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
             return false;
@@ -2305,7 +2305,7 @@ 
      */
     protected function getModelObjNodeGroupPersister()
     {
-        if (! $this->model_obj_node_group_persister instanceof NodeGroupDao) {
+        if ( ! $this->model_obj_node_group_persister instanceof NodeGroupDao) {
             $this->model_obj_node_group_persister =
                 $this->getLoader()->load('\EventEspresso\core\services\orm\tree_traversal\NodeGroupDao');
         }
@@ -2615,7 +2615,7 @@ 
                                                 . esc_html__(
                                                     'Template Settings is a feature that is only available in the premium version of Event Espresso 4 which is available with a support license purchase on EventEspresso.com. Template Settings allow you to configure some of the appearance options for both the Event List and Event Details pages.',
                                                     'event_espresso'
-                                                ) . '</strong>';
+                                                ).'</strong>';
         $this->display_admin_caf_preview_page('template_settings_tab');
     }
 
@@ -2636,11 +2636,11 @@ 
         $this->_set_empty_category_object();
         // only set if we've got an id
         $category_ID = $this->request->getRequestParam('EVT_CAT_ID', 0, 'int');
-        if (! $category_ID) {
+        if ( ! $category_ID) {
             return;
         }
         $term = get_term($category_ID, EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY);
-        if (! empty($term)) {
+        if ( ! empty($term)) {
             $this->_category->category_name       = $term->name;
             $this->_category->category_identifier = $term->slug;
             $this->_category->category_desc       = $term->description;
@@ -2744,7 +2744,7 @@ 
             $category_select_values,
             $this->_category->parent
         );
-        $template_args   = [
+        $template_args = [
             'category'                 => $this->_category,
             'category_select'          => $category_select,
             'unique_id_info_help_link' => $this->_get_help_tab_link('unique_id_info'),
@@ -2752,7 +2752,7 @@ 
             'disable'                  => '',
             'disabled_message'         => false,
         ];
-        $template        = EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_category_details.template.php';
+        $template = EVENTS_TEMPLATE_PATH.'event_category_details.template.php';
         return EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args, true);
     }
 
@@ -2842,7 +2842,7 @@ 
         $insert_ids = $update
             ? wp_update_term($category_ID, EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY, $term_args)
             : wp_insert_term($category_name, EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY, $term_args);
-        if (! is_array($insert_ids)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($insert_ids)) {
             $msg = esc_html__(
                 'An error occurred and the category has not been saved to the database.',
                 'event_espresso'
@@ -2878,7 +2878,7 @@ 
         $where       = ['taxonomy' => EEM_CPT_Base::EVENT_CATEGORY_TAXONOMY];
         $search_term = $this->request->getRequestParam('s');
         if ($search_term) {
-            $search_term = '%' . $search_term . '%';
+            $search_term = '%'.$search_term.'%';
             $where['OR'] = [
                 'Term.name'   => ['LIKE', $search_term],
                 'description' => ['LIKE', $search_term],
@@ -2887,7 +2887,7 @@ 
         $query_params = [
             $where,
             'order_by'   => [$orderby => $order],
-            'limit'      => $limit . ',' . $per_page,
+            'limit'      => $limit.','.$per_page,
             'force_join' => ['Term'],
         ];
         return $count

core/admin/EE_Admin_Page_CPT.core.php

Indentation +1453 added lines, -1453 removed lines

@@ -27,476 +27,476 @@ 
  */
 abstract class EE_Admin_Page_CPT extends EE_Admin_Page
 {
-    /**
-     * This gets set in _setup_cpt
-     * It will contain the object for the custom post type.
-     *
-     * @var EE_CPT_Base
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_object;
-
-
-    /**
-     * a boolean flag to set whether the current route is a cpt route or not.
-     *
-     * @var bool
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_route = false;
-
-
-    /**
-     * This property allows cpt classes to define multiple routes as cpt routes.
-     * //in this array we define what the custom post type for this route is.
-     * array(
-     * 'route_name' => 'custom_post_type_slug'
-     * )
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_routes = [];
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply defines what the corresponding routes WP will be redirected to after completing a post save/update.
-     * in this format:
-     * array(
-     * 'post_type_slug' => 'edit_route'
-     * )
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_edit_routes = [];
-
-
-    /**
-     * If child classes set the name of their main model via the $_cpt_obj_models property, EE_Admin_Page_CPT will
-     * attempt to retrieve the related object model for the edit pages and assign it to _cpt_page_object. the
-     * _cpt_model_names property should be in the following format: array(
-     * 'route_defined_by_action_param' => 'Model_Name')
-     *
-     * @var array $_cpt_model_names
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_model_names = [];
-
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_CPT_Base
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_model_obj = false;
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will hold an array of autosave containers that will be used to obtain input values and hook into the WP
-     * autosave so we can save our inputs on the save_post hook!  Children classes should add to this array by using
-     * the _register_autosave_containers() method so that we don't override any other containers already registered.
-     * Registration of containers should be done before load_page_dependencies() is run.
-     *
-     * @var array()
-     */
-    protected $_autosave_containers = [];
-
-    protected $_autosave_fields     = [];
-
-    /**
-     * Array mapping from admin actions to their equivalent wp core pages for custom post types. So when a user visits
-     * a page for an action, it will appear as if they were visiting the wp core page for that custom post type
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_pagenow_map;
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('save_post') hook and runs after the custom post type has been
-     * saved.  Child classes are required to declare this method.  Typically you would use this to save any additional
-     * data. Keep in mind also that "save_post" runs on EVERY post update to the database. ALSO very important.  When a
-     * post transitions from scheduled to published, the save_post action is fired but you will NOT have any _POST data
-     * containing any extra info you may have from other meta saves.  So MAKE sure that you handle this accordingly.
-     *
-     * @abstract
-     * @param string      $post_id The ID of the cpt that was saved (so you can link relationally)
-     * @param WP_Post     $post    The post object of the cpt that was saved.
-     * @return void
-     */
-    abstract protected function _insert_update_cpt_item($post_id, $post);
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('trashed_post') hook and runs after a cpt has been trashed.
-     *
-     * @abstract
-     * @param string $post_id The ID of the cpt that was trashed
-     * @return void
-     */
-    abstract public function trash_cpt_item($post_id);
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('untrashed_post') hook and runs after a cpt has been untrashed
-     *
-     * @param string $post_id theID of the cpt that was untrashed
-     * @return void
-     */
-    abstract public function restore_cpt_item($post_id);
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('delete_cpt_item') hook and runs after a cpt has been fully deleted
-     * from the db
-     *
-     * @param string $post_id the ID of the cpt that was deleted
-     * @return void
-     */
-    abstract public function delete_cpt_item($post_id);
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return LoaderInterface
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    protected function getLoader()
-    {
-        if (! $this->loader instanceof LoaderInterface) {
-            $this->loader = LoaderFactory::getLoader();
-        }
-        return $this->loader;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just utilizing the method EE_Admin exposes for doing things before page setup.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _before_page_setup()
-    {
-        $this->raw_req_action = $this->request->getRequestParam('action');
-        $this->raw_req_page = $this->request->getRequestParam('page');
-        $this->_cpt_routes = array_merge(
-            [
-                'create_new' => $this->page_slug,
-                'edit'       => $this->page_slug,
-                'trash'      => $this->page_slug,
-            ],
-            $this->_cpt_routes
-        );
-        $cpt_route_action  = isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->raw_req_action ])
-            ? $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->raw_req_action ]
-            : null;
-        // let's see if the current route has a value for cpt_object_slug. if it does, we use that instead of the page
-        $page              = $this->raw_req_page ?: $this->page_slug;
-        $page              = $cpt_route_action ?: $page;
-        $this->_cpt_object = get_post_type_object($page);
-        // tweak pagenow for page loading.
-        if (! $this->_pagenow_map) {
-            $this->_pagenow_map = [
-                'create_new' => 'post-new.php',
-                'edit'       => 'post.php',
-                'trash'      => 'post.php',
-            ];
-        }
-        add_action('current_screen', [$this, 'modify_pagenow']);
-        // TODO the below will need to be reworked to account for the cpt routes that are NOT based off of page but action param.
-        // get current page from autosave
-        $current_page        = $this->request->getRequestParam('ee_autosave_data[ee-cpt-hidden-inputs][current_page]');
-        $this->_current_page = $this->request->getRequestParam('current_page', $current_page);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Simply ensure that we simulate the correct post route for cpt screens
-     *
-     * @param WP_Screen $current_screen
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function modify_pagenow($current_screen)
-    {
-        // possibly reset pagenow.
-        if (
-            $this->page_slug === $this->raw_req_page
-            && isset($this->_pagenow_map[ $this->raw_req_action ])
-        ) {
-            global $pagenow, $hook_suffix;
-            $pagenow     = $this->_pagenow_map[ $this->raw_req_action ];
-            $hook_suffix = $pagenow;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method is used to register additional autosave containers to the _autosave_containers property.
-     *
-     * @param array $ids  an array of ids for containers that hold form inputs we want autosave to pickup.  Typically
-     *                    you would send along the id of a metabox container.
-     * @return void
-     * @todo We should automate this at some point by creating a wrapper for add_post_metabox and in our wrapper we
-     *                    automatically register the id for the post metabox as a container.
-     */
-    protected function _register_autosave_containers($ids)
-    {
-        $this->_autosave_containers = array_merge($this->_autosave_fields, (array) $ids);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Something nifty.  We're going to loop through all the registered metaboxes and if the CALLBACK is an instance of
-     * EE_Admin_Page OR EE_Admin_Hooks, then we'll add the id to our _autosave_containers array.
-     */
-    protected function _set_autosave_containers()
-    {
-        global $wp_meta_boxes;
-        $containers = [];
-        if (empty($wp_meta_boxes)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $current_metaboxes = isset($wp_meta_boxes[ $this->page_slug ]) ? $wp_meta_boxes[ $this->page_slug ] : [];
-        foreach ($current_metaboxes as $box_context) {
-            foreach ($box_context as $box_details) {
-                foreach ($box_details as $box) {
-                    if (
-                        is_array($box) && is_array($box['callback'])
-                        && (
-                            $box['callback'][0] instanceof EE_Admin_Page
-                            || $box['callback'][0] instanceof EE_Admin_Hooks
-                        )
-                    ) {
-                        $containers[] = $box['id'];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_autosave_containers = array_merge($this->_autosave_containers, $containers);
-        // add hidden inputs container
-        $this->_autosave_containers[] = 'ee-cpt-hidden-inputs';
-    }
-
-
-    protected function _load_autosave_scripts_styles()
-    {
-        /*wp_register_script('cpt-autosave', EE_ADMIN_URL . 'assets/ee-cpt-autosave.js', array('ee-serialize-full-array', 'event_editor_js'), EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION, TRUE );
+	/**
+	 * This gets set in _setup_cpt
+	 * It will contain the object for the custom post type.
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_CPT_Base
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_object;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * a boolean flag to set whether the current route is a cpt route or not.
+	 *
+	 * @var bool
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_route = false;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This property allows cpt classes to define multiple routes as cpt routes.
+	 * //in this array we define what the custom post type for this route is.
+	 * array(
+	 * 'route_name' => 'custom_post_type_slug'
+	 * )
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_routes = [];
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply defines what the corresponding routes WP will be redirected to after completing a post save/update.
+	 * in this format:
+	 * array(
+	 * 'post_type_slug' => 'edit_route'
+	 * )
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_edit_routes = [];
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If child classes set the name of their main model via the $_cpt_obj_models property, EE_Admin_Page_CPT will
+	 * attempt to retrieve the related object model for the edit pages and assign it to _cpt_page_object. the
+	 * _cpt_model_names property should be in the following format: array(
+	 * 'route_defined_by_action_param' => 'Model_Name')
+	 *
+	 * @var array $_cpt_model_names
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_model_names = [];
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_CPT_Base
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_model_obj = false;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will hold an array of autosave containers that will be used to obtain input values and hook into the WP
+	 * autosave so we can save our inputs on the save_post hook!  Children classes should add to this array by using
+	 * the _register_autosave_containers() method so that we don't override any other containers already registered.
+	 * Registration of containers should be done before load_page_dependencies() is run.
+	 *
+	 * @var array()
+	 */
+	protected $_autosave_containers = [];
+
+	protected $_autosave_fields     = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * Array mapping from admin actions to their equivalent wp core pages for custom post types. So when a user visits
+	 * a page for an action, it will appear as if they were visiting the wp core page for that custom post type
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_pagenow_map;
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('save_post') hook and runs after the custom post type has been
+	 * saved.  Child classes are required to declare this method.  Typically you would use this to save any additional
+	 * data. Keep in mind also that "save_post" runs on EVERY post update to the database. ALSO very important.  When a
+	 * post transitions from scheduled to published, the save_post action is fired but you will NOT have any _POST data
+	 * containing any extra info you may have from other meta saves.  So MAKE sure that you handle this accordingly.
+	 *
+	 * @abstract
+	 * @param string      $post_id The ID of the cpt that was saved (so you can link relationally)
+	 * @param WP_Post     $post    The post object of the cpt that was saved.
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	abstract protected function _insert_update_cpt_item($post_id, $post);
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('trashed_post') hook and runs after a cpt has been trashed.
+	 *
+	 * @abstract
+	 * @param string $post_id The ID of the cpt that was trashed
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	abstract public function trash_cpt_item($post_id);
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('untrashed_post') hook and runs after a cpt has been untrashed
+	 *
+	 * @param string $post_id theID of the cpt that was untrashed
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	abstract public function restore_cpt_item($post_id);
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('delete_cpt_item') hook and runs after a cpt has been fully deleted
+	 * from the db
+	 *
+	 * @param string $post_id the ID of the cpt that was deleted
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	abstract public function delete_cpt_item($post_id);
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return LoaderInterface
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	protected function getLoader()
+	{
+		if (! $this->loader instanceof LoaderInterface) {
+			$this->loader = LoaderFactory::getLoader();
+		}
+		return $this->loader;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just utilizing the method EE_Admin exposes for doing things before page setup.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _before_page_setup()
+	{
+		$this->raw_req_action = $this->request->getRequestParam('action');
+		$this->raw_req_page = $this->request->getRequestParam('page');
+		$this->_cpt_routes = array_merge(
+			[
+				'create_new' => $this->page_slug,
+				'edit'       => $this->page_slug,
+				'trash'      => $this->page_slug,
+			],
+			$this->_cpt_routes
+		);
+		$cpt_route_action  = isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->raw_req_action ])
+			? $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->raw_req_action ]
+			: null;
+		// let's see if the current route has a value for cpt_object_slug. if it does, we use that instead of the page
+		$page              = $this->raw_req_page ?: $this->page_slug;
+		$page              = $cpt_route_action ?: $page;
+		$this->_cpt_object = get_post_type_object($page);
+		// tweak pagenow for page loading.
+		if (! $this->_pagenow_map) {
+			$this->_pagenow_map = [
+				'create_new' => 'post-new.php',
+				'edit'       => 'post.php',
+				'trash'      => 'post.php',
+			];
+		}
+		add_action('current_screen', [$this, 'modify_pagenow']);
+		// TODO the below will need to be reworked to account for the cpt routes that are NOT based off of page but action param.
+		// get current page from autosave
+		$current_page        = $this->request->getRequestParam('ee_autosave_data[ee-cpt-hidden-inputs][current_page]');
+		$this->_current_page = $this->request->getRequestParam('current_page', $current_page);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Simply ensure that we simulate the correct post route for cpt screens
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_Screen $current_screen
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function modify_pagenow($current_screen)
+	{
+		// possibly reset pagenow.
+		if (
+			$this->page_slug === $this->raw_req_page
+			&& isset($this->_pagenow_map[ $this->raw_req_action ])
+		) {
+			global $pagenow, $hook_suffix;
+			$pagenow     = $this->_pagenow_map[ $this->raw_req_action ];
+			$hook_suffix = $pagenow;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method is used to register additional autosave containers to the _autosave_containers property.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $ids  an array of ids for containers that hold form inputs we want autosave to pickup.  Typically
+	 *                    you would send along the id of a metabox container.
+	 * @return void
+	 * @todo We should automate this at some point by creating a wrapper for add_post_metabox and in our wrapper we
+	 *                    automatically register the id for the post metabox as a container.
+	 */
+	protected function _register_autosave_containers($ids)
+	{
+		$this->_autosave_containers = array_merge($this->_autosave_fields, (array) $ids);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Something nifty.  We're going to loop through all the registered metaboxes and if the CALLBACK is an instance of
+	 * EE_Admin_Page OR EE_Admin_Hooks, then we'll add the id to our _autosave_containers array.
+	 */
+	protected function _set_autosave_containers()
+	{
+		global $wp_meta_boxes;
+		$containers = [];
+		if (empty($wp_meta_boxes)) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$current_metaboxes = isset($wp_meta_boxes[ $this->page_slug ]) ? $wp_meta_boxes[ $this->page_slug ] : [];
+		foreach ($current_metaboxes as $box_context) {
+			foreach ($box_context as $box_details) {
+				foreach ($box_details as $box) {
+					if (
+						is_array($box) && is_array($box['callback'])
+						&& (
+							$box['callback'][0] instanceof EE_Admin_Page
+							|| $box['callback'][0] instanceof EE_Admin_Hooks
+						)
+					) {
+						$containers[] = $box['id'];
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_autosave_containers = array_merge($this->_autosave_containers, $containers);
+		// add hidden inputs container
+		$this->_autosave_containers[] = 'ee-cpt-hidden-inputs';
+	}
+
+
+	protected function _load_autosave_scripts_styles()
+	{
+		/*wp_register_script('cpt-autosave', EE_ADMIN_URL . 'assets/ee-cpt-autosave.js', array('ee-serialize-full-array', 'event_editor_js'), EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION, TRUE );
         wp_enqueue_script('cpt-autosave');/**/ // todo re-enable when we start doing autosave again in 4.2
 
-        // filter _autosave_containers
-        $containers = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
-            $this->_autosave_containers,
-            $this
-        );
-        $containers = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__' . get_class($this) . '___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
-            $containers,
-            $this
-        );
-
-        wp_localize_script(
-            'event_editor_js',
-            'EE_AUTOSAVE_IDS',
-            $containers
-        ); // todo once we enable autosaves, this needs to be switched to localize with "cpt-autosave"
-
-        $unsaved_data_msg = [
-            'eventmsg'     => sprintf(
-                wp_strip_all_tags(
-                    __(
-                        "The changes you made to this %s will be lost if you navigate away from this page.",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    )
-                ),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name
-            ),
-            'inputChanged' => 0,
-        ];
-        wp_localize_script('event_editor_js', 'UNSAVED_DATA_MSG', $unsaved_data_msg);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * overloading the EE_Admin_Page parent load_page_dependencies so we can get the cpt stuff added in appropriately
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _load_page_dependencies()
-    {
-        // we only add stuff if this is a cpt_route!
-        if (! $this->_cpt_route) {
-            parent::_load_page_dependencies();
-            return;
-        }
-        // now let's do some automatic filters into the wp_system
-        // and we'll check to make sure the CHILD class
-        // automatically has the required methods in place.
-        // the following filters are for setting all the redirects
-        // on DEFAULT WP custom post type actions
-        // let's add a hidden input to the post-edit form
-        // so we know when we have to trigger our custom redirects!
-        // Otherwise the redirects will happen on ALL post saves which wouldn't be good of course!
-        add_action('edit_form_after_title', [$this, 'cpt_post_form_hidden_input']);
-        // inject our Admin page nav tabs...
-        // let's make sure the nav tabs are set if they aren't already
-        // if ( empty( $this->_nav_tabs ) ) $this->_set_nav_tabs();
-        add_action('edit_form_top', [$this, 'inject_nav_tabs']);
-        // modify the post_updated messages array
-        add_action('post_updated_messages', [$this, 'post_update_messages'], 10);
-        // add shortlink button to cpt edit screens.  We can do this as a universal thing BECAUSE,
-        // cpts use the same format for shortlinks as posts!
-        add_filter('pre_get_shortlink', [$this, 'add_shortlink_button_to_editor'], 10, 4);
-        // This basically allows us to change the title of the "publish" metabox area
-        // on CPT pages by setting a 'publishbox' value in the $_labels property array in the child class.
-        if (! empty($this->_labels['publishbox'])) {
-            $box_label = is_array($this->_labels['publishbox'])
-                         && isset($this->_labels['publishbox'][ $this->_req_action ])
-                ? $this->_labels['publishbox'][ $this->_req_action ]
-                : $this->_labels['publishbox'];
-            $this->addMetaBox(
-                'submitdiv',
-                $box_label,
-                'post_submit_meta_box',
-                $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ],
-                'side',
-                'core'
-            );
-        }
-        // let's add page_templates metabox if this cpt added support for it.
-        if ($this->_supports_page_templates($this->_cpt_object->name)) {
-            $this->addMetaBox(
-                'page_templates',
-                esc_html__('Page Template', 'event_espresso'),
-                [$this, 'page_template_meta_box'],
-                $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ],
-                'side',
-                'default'
-            );
-        }
-        // this is a filter that allows the addition of extra html after the permalink field on the wp post edit-form
-        if (method_exists($this, 'extra_permalink_field_buttons')) {
-            add_filter('get_sample_permalink_html', [$this, 'extra_permalink_field_buttons'], 10, 4);
-        }
-        // add preview button
-        add_filter('get_sample_permalink_html', [$this, 'preview_button_html'], 5, 4);
-        // insert our own post_stati dropdown
-        add_action('post_submitbox_misc_actions', [$this, 'custom_post_stati_dropdown'], 10);
-        // This allows adding additional information to the publish post submitbox on the wp post edit form
-        if (method_exists($this, 'extra_misc_actions_publish_box')) {
-            add_action('post_submitbox_misc_actions', [$this, 'extra_misc_actions_publish_box'], 10);
-        }
-        // This allows for adding additional stuff after the title field on the wp post edit form.
-        // This is also before the wp_editor for post description field.
-        if (method_exists($this, 'edit_form_after_title')) {
-            add_action('edit_form_after_title', [$this, 'edit_form_after_title'], 10);
-        }
-        /**
-         * Filtering WP's esc_url to capture urls pointing to core wp routes so they point to our route.
-         */
-        add_filter('clean_url', [$this, 'switch_core_wp_urls_with_ours'], 10, 3);
-        parent::_load_page_dependencies();
-        // notice we are ALSO going to load the pagenow hook set for this route
-        // (see _before_page_setup for the reset of the pagenow global ).
-        // This is for any plugins that are doing things properly
-        // and hooking into the load page hook for core wp cpt routes.
-        global $pagenow;
-        add_action('load-' . $pagenow, [$this, 'modify_current_screen'], 20);
-        do_action('load-' . $pagenow);
-        add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', [$this, 'setup_autosave_hooks'], 30);
-        // we route REALLY early.
-        try {
-            $this->_route_admin_request();
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            $e->get_error();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Since we don't want users going to default core wp routes, this will check any wp urls run through the
-     * esc_url() method and if we see a url matching a pattern for our routes, we'll modify it to point to OUR
-     * route instead.
-     *
-     * @param string $good_protocol_url The escaped url.
-     * @param string $original_url      The original url.
-     * @param string $_context          The context sent to the esc_url method.
-     * @return string possibly a new url for our route.
-     */
-    public function switch_core_wp_urls_with_ours($good_protocol_url, $original_url, $_context)
-    {
-        $routes_to_match = [
-            0 => [
-                'edit.php?post_type=espresso_attendees',
-                'admin.php?page=espresso_registrations&action=contact_list',
-            ],
-            1 => [
-                'edit.php?post_type=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
-                'admin.php?page=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
-            ],
-        ];
-        foreach ($routes_to_match as $route_matches) {
-            if (strpos($good_protocol_url, $route_matches[0]) !== false) {
-                return str_replace($route_matches[0], $route_matches[1], $good_protocol_url);
-            }
-        }
-        return $good_protocol_url;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Determine whether the current cpt supports page templates or not.
-     *
-     * @param string $cpt_name The cpt slug we're checking on.
-     * @return bool True supported, false not.
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @since %VER%
-     */
-    private function _supports_page_templates($cpt_name)
-    {
-        /** @var EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions $custom_post_types */
-        $custom_post_types = $this->loader->getShared(
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions'
-        );
-        $cpt_args          = $custom_post_types->getDefinitions();
-        $cpt_args          = isset($cpt_args[ $cpt_name ]) ? $cpt_args[ $cpt_name ]['args'] : [];
-        $cpt_has_support   = ! empty($cpt_args['page_templates']);
-
-        // if the installed version of WP is > 4.7 we do some additional checks.
-        if (RecommendedVersions::compareWordPressVersion('4.7', '>=')) {
-            $post_templates = wp_get_theme()->get_post_templates();
-            // if there are $post_templates for this cpt, then we return false for this method because
-            // that means we aren't going to load our page template manager and leave that up to the native
-            // cpt template manager.
-            $cpt_has_support = ! isset($post_templates[ $cpt_name ]) ? $cpt_has_support : false;
-        }
-
-        return $cpt_has_support;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for the page_templates metabox selector.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @since %VER%
-     */
-    public function page_template_meta_box()
-    {
-        global $post;
-        $template = '';
-
-        if (RecommendedVersions::compareWordPressVersion('4.7', '>=')) {
-            $page_template_count = count(get_page_templates());
-        } else {
-            $page_template_count = count(get_page_templates($post));
-        }
-
-        if ($page_template_count) {
-            $page_template = get_post_meta($post->ID, '_wp_page_template', true);
-            $template      = ! empty($page_template) ? $page_template : '';
-        }
-        ?>
+		// filter _autosave_containers
+		$containers = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
+			$this->_autosave_containers,
+			$this
+		);
+		$containers = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__' . get_class($this) . '___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
+			$containers,
+			$this
+		);
+
+		wp_localize_script(
+			'event_editor_js',
+			'EE_AUTOSAVE_IDS',
+			$containers
+		); // todo once we enable autosaves, this needs to be switched to localize with "cpt-autosave"
+
+		$unsaved_data_msg = [
+			'eventmsg'     => sprintf(
+				wp_strip_all_tags(
+					__(
+						"The changes you made to this %s will be lost if you navigate away from this page.",
+						'event_espresso'
+					)
+				),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name
+			),
+			'inputChanged' => 0,
+		];
+		wp_localize_script('event_editor_js', 'UNSAVED_DATA_MSG', $unsaved_data_msg);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * overloading the EE_Admin_Page parent load_page_dependencies so we can get the cpt stuff added in appropriately
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _load_page_dependencies()
+	{
+		// we only add stuff if this is a cpt_route!
+		if (! $this->_cpt_route) {
+			parent::_load_page_dependencies();
+			return;
+		}
+		// now let's do some automatic filters into the wp_system
+		// and we'll check to make sure the CHILD class
+		// automatically has the required methods in place.
+		// the following filters are for setting all the redirects
+		// on DEFAULT WP custom post type actions
+		// let's add a hidden input to the post-edit form
+		// so we know when we have to trigger our custom redirects!
+		// Otherwise the redirects will happen on ALL post saves which wouldn't be good of course!
+		add_action('edit_form_after_title', [$this, 'cpt_post_form_hidden_input']);
+		// inject our Admin page nav tabs...
+		// let's make sure the nav tabs are set if they aren't already
+		// if ( empty( $this->_nav_tabs ) ) $this->_set_nav_tabs();
+		add_action('edit_form_top', [$this, 'inject_nav_tabs']);
+		// modify the post_updated messages array
+		add_action('post_updated_messages', [$this, 'post_update_messages'], 10);
+		// add shortlink button to cpt edit screens.  We can do this as a universal thing BECAUSE,
+		// cpts use the same format for shortlinks as posts!
+		add_filter('pre_get_shortlink', [$this, 'add_shortlink_button_to_editor'], 10, 4);
+		// This basically allows us to change the title of the "publish" metabox area
+		// on CPT pages by setting a 'publishbox' value in the $_labels property array in the child class.
+		if (! empty($this->_labels['publishbox'])) {
+			$box_label = is_array($this->_labels['publishbox'])
+						 && isset($this->_labels['publishbox'][ $this->_req_action ])
+				? $this->_labels['publishbox'][ $this->_req_action ]
+				: $this->_labels['publishbox'];
+			$this->addMetaBox(
+				'submitdiv',
+				$box_label,
+				'post_submit_meta_box',
+				$this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ],
+				'side',
+				'core'
+			);
+		}
+		// let's add page_templates metabox if this cpt added support for it.
+		if ($this->_supports_page_templates($this->_cpt_object->name)) {
+			$this->addMetaBox(
+				'page_templates',
+				esc_html__('Page Template', 'event_espresso'),
+				[$this, 'page_template_meta_box'],
+				$this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ],
+				'side',
+				'default'
+			);
+		}
+		// this is a filter that allows the addition of extra html after the permalink field on the wp post edit-form
+		if (method_exists($this, 'extra_permalink_field_buttons')) {
+			add_filter('get_sample_permalink_html', [$this, 'extra_permalink_field_buttons'], 10, 4);
+		}
+		// add preview button
+		add_filter('get_sample_permalink_html', [$this, 'preview_button_html'], 5, 4);
+		// insert our own post_stati dropdown
+		add_action('post_submitbox_misc_actions', [$this, 'custom_post_stati_dropdown'], 10);
+		// This allows adding additional information to the publish post submitbox on the wp post edit form
+		if (method_exists($this, 'extra_misc_actions_publish_box')) {
+			add_action('post_submitbox_misc_actions', [$this, 'extra_misc_actions_publish_box'], 10);
+		}
+		// This allows for adding additional stuff after the title field on the wp post edit form.
+		// This is also before the wp_editor for post description field.
+		if (method_exists($this, 'edit_form_after_title')) {
+			add_action('edit_form_after_title', [$this, 'edit_form_after_title'], 10);
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Filtering WP's esc_url to capture urls pointing to core wp routes so they point to our route.
+		 */
+		add_filter('clean_url', [$this, 'switch_core_wp_urls_with_ours'], 10, 3);
+		parent::_load_page_dependencies();
+		// notice we are ALSO going to load the pagenow hook set for this route
+		// (see _before_page_setup for the reset of the pagenow global ).
+		// This is for any plugins that are doing things properly
+		// and hooking into the load page hook for core wp cpt routes.
+		global $pagenow;
+		add_action('load-' . $pagenow, [$this, 'modify_current_screen'], 20);
+		do_action('load-' . $pagenow);
+		add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', [$this, 'setup_autosave_hooks'], 30);
+		// we route REALLY early.
+		try {
+			$this->_route_admin_request();
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			$e->get_error();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Since we don't want users going to default core wp routes, this will check any wp urls run through the
+	 * esc_url() method and if we see a url matching a pattern for our routes, we'll modify it to point to OUR
+	 * route instead.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $good_protocol_url The escaped url.
+	 * @param string $original_url      The original url.
+	 * @param string $_context          The context sent to the esc_url method.
+	 * @return string possibly a new url for our route.
+	 */
+	public function switch_core_wp_urls_with_ours($good_protocol_url, $original_url, $_context)
+	{
+		$routes_to_match = [
+			0 => [
+				'edit.php?post_type=espresso_attendees',
+				'admin.php?page=espresso_registrations&action=contact_list',
+			],
+			1 => [
+				'edit.php?post_type=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
+				'admin.php?page=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
+			],
+		];
+		foreach ($routes_to_match as $route_matches) {
+			if (strpos($good_protocol_url, $route_matches[0]) !== false) {
+				return str_replace($route_matches[0], $route_matches[1], $good_protocol_url);
+			}
+		}
+		return $good_protocol_url;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine whether the current cpt supports page templates or not.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $cpt_name The cpt slug we're checking on.
+	 * @return bool True supported, false not.
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @since %VER%
+	 */
+	private function _supports_page_templates($cpt_name)
+	{
+		/** @var EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions $custom_post_types */
+		$custom_post_types = $this->loader->getShared(
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions'
+		);
+		$cpt_args          = $custom_post_types->getDefinitions();
+		$cpt_args          = isset($cpt_args[ $cpt_name ]) ? $cpt_args[ $cpt_name ]['args'] : [];
+		$cpt_has_support   = ! empty($cpt_args['page_templates']);
+
+		// if the installed version of WP is > 4.7 we do some additional checks.
+		if (RecommendedVersions::compareWordPressVersion('4.7', '>=')) {
+			$post_templates = wp_get_theme()->get_post_templates();
+			// if there are $post_templates for this cpt, then we return false for this method because
+			// that means we aren't going to load our page template manager and leave that up to the native
+			// cpt template manager.
+			$cpt_has_support = ! isset($post_templates[ $cpt_name ]) ? $cpt_has_support : false;
+		}
+
+		return $cpt_has_support;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for the page_templates metabox selector.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @since %VER%
+	 */
+	public function page_template_meta_box()
+	{
+		global $post;
+		$template = '';
+
+		if (RecommendedVersions::compareWordPressVersion('4.7', '>=')) {
+			$page_template_count = count(get_page_templates());
+		} else {
+			$page_template_count = count(get_page_templates($post));
+		}
+
+		if ($page_template_count) {
+			$page_template = get_post_meta($post->ID, '_wp_page_template', true);
+			$template      = ! empty($page_template) ? $page_template : '';
+		}
+		?>
         <p><strong><?php esc_html_e('Template', 'event_espresso') ?></strong></p>
         <label class="screen-reader-text" for="page_template">
             <?php esc_html_e('Page Template', 'event_espresso') ?>
@@ -506,475 +506,475 @@ 
             <?php page_template_dropdown($template); ?>
         </select>
         <?php
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * if this post is a draft or scheduled post then we provide a preview button for user to click
-     * Method is called from parent and is hooked into the wp 'get_sample_permalink_html' filter.
-     *
-     * @param string $return    the current html
-     * @param int    $id        the post id for the page
-     * @param string $new_title What the title is
-     * @param string $new_slug  what the slug is
-     * @return string            The new html string for the permalink area
-     */
-    public function preview_button_html($return, $id, $new_title, $new_slug)
-    {
-        $post = get_post($id);
-        if ('publish' !== get_post_status($post)) {
-            $return .= '
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * if this post is a draft or scheduled post then we provide a preview button for user to click
+	 * Method is called from parent and is hooked into the wp 'get_sample_permalink_html' filter.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $return    the current html
+	 * @param int    $id        the post id for the page
+	 * @param string $new_title What the title is
+	 * @param string $new_slug  what the slug is
+	 * @return string            The new html string for the permalink area
+	 */
+	public function preview_button_html($return, $id, $new_title, $new_slug)
+	{
+		$post = get_post($id);
+		if ('publish' !== get_post_status($post)) {
+			$return .= '
             <span id="view-post-btn">
                 <a target="_blank" href="' . get_preview_post_link($id) . '" class="button button--secondary">
                     ' . esc_html__('Preview', 'event_espresso') . '
                 </a>
             </span>
             ';
-        }
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * add our custom post status dropdown on the wp post page for this cpt
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function custom_post_stati_dropdown()
-    {
-
-        $statuses         = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_custom_post_statuses();
-        $cur_status_label = array_key_exists($this->_cpt_model_obj->status(), $statuses)
-            ? $statuses[ $this->_cpt_model_obj->status() ]
-            : '';
-        $template_args    = [
-            'cur_status'            => $this->_cpt_model_obj->status(),
-            'statuses'              => $statuses,
-            'cur_status_label'      => $cur_status_label,
-            'localized_status_save' => sprintf(esc_html__('Save %s', 'event_espresso'), $cur_status_label),
-        ];
-        // we'll add a trash post status (WP doesn't add one for some reason)
-        if ($this->_cpt_model_obj->status() === 'trash') {
-            $template_args['cur_status_label'] = esc_html__('Trashed', 'event_espresso');
-            $statuses['trash']                 = esc_html__('Trashed', 'event_espresso');
-            $template_args['statuses']         = $statuses;
-        }
-
-        $template = EE_ADMIN_TEMPLATE . 'status_dropdown.template.php';
-        EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args);
-    }
-
-
-    public function setup_autosave_hooks()
-    {
-        $this->_set_autosave_containers();
-        $this->_load_autosave_scripts_styles();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is run on all WordPress autosaves AFTER the autosave is complete and sends along a post object (available
-     * in $this->_req_data) containing: post_ID of the saved post autosavenonce for the saved post We'll do the check
-     * for the nonce in here, but then this method looks for two things:
-     * 1. Execute a method (if exists) matching 'ee_autosave_' and appended with the given route. OR
-     * 2. do_actions() for global or class specific actions that have been registered (for plugins/addons not in an
-     * EE_Admin_Page class. PLEASE NOTE: Data will be returned using the _return_json() object and so the
-     * $_template_args property should be used to hold the $data array.  We're expecting the following things set in
-     * template args.
-     *    1. $template_args['error'] = IF there is an error you can add the message in here.
-     *    2. $template_args['data']['items'] = an array of items that are setup in key index pairs of 'where_values_go'
-     *    => 'values_to_add'.  In other words, for the datetime metabox we'll have something like
-     *    $this->_template_args['data']['items'] = array(
-     *        'event-datetime-ids' => '1,2,3';
-     *    );
-     *    Keep in mind the following things:
-     *    - "where" index is for the input with the id as that string.
-     *    - "what" index is what will be used for the value of that input.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function do_extra_autosave_stuff()
-    {
-        // next let's check for the autosave nonce (we'll use _verify_nonce )
-        $nonce = $this->request->getRequestParam('autosavenonce');
-        $this->_verify_nonce($nonce, 'autosave');
-        // make sure we define doing autosave (cause WP isn't triggering this we want to make sure we define it)
-        if (! defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE')) {
-            define('DOING_AUTOSAVE', true);
-        }
-        // if we made it here then the nonce checked out.  Let's run our methods and actions
-        $autosave = "_ee_autosave_{$this->_current_view}";
-        if (method_exists($this, $autosave)) {
-            $this->$autosave();
-        } else {
-            $this->_template_args['success'] = true;
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__global_after', $this);
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__after_' . get_class($this), $this);
-        // now let's return json
-        $this->_return_json();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This takes care of setting up default routes and pages that utilize the core WP admin pages.
-     * Child classes can override the defaults (in cases for adding metaboxes etc.)
-     * but take care that you include the defaults here otherwise your core WP admin pages for the cpt won't work!
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _extend_page_config_for_cpt()
-    {
-        // before doing anything we need to make sure this runs ONLY when the loaded page matches the set page_slug
-        if ($this->raw_req_page !== $this->page_slug) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // set page routes and page config but ONLY if we're not viewing a custom setup cpt route as defined in _cpt_routes
-        if (! empty($this->_cpt_object)) {
-            $this->_page_routes = array_merge(
-                [
-                    'create_new' => '_create_new_cpt_item',
-                    'edit'       => '_edit_cpt_item',
-                ],
-                $this->_page_routes
-            );
-            $this->_page_config = array_merge(
-                [
-                    'create_new' => [
-                        'nav'           => [
-                            'label' => $this->_cpt_object->labels->add_new_item,
-                            'order' => 5,
-                        ],
-                        'require_nonce' => false,
-                    ],
-                    'edit'       => [
-                        'nav'           => [
-                            'label'      => $this->_cpt_object->labels->edit_item,
-                            'order'      => 5,
-                            'persistent' => false,
-                            'url'        => '',
-                        ],
-                        'require_nonce' => false,
-                    ],
-                ],
-                $this->_page_config
-            );
-        }
-        // load the next section only if this is a matching cpt route as set in the cpt routes array.
-        if (! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ])) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->_cpt_route = true;
-        // $this->_cpt_route = isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ]);
-        // add_action('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page___load_page_dependencies__after_load', array( $this, 'modify_current_screen') );
-        if (empty($this->_cpt_object)) {
-            $msg = sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'This page has been set as being related to a registered custom post type, however, the custom post type object could not be retrieved. There are two possible reasons for this:  1. The "%s" does not match a registered post type. or 2. The custom post type is not registered for the "%s" action as indexed in the "$_cpt_routes" property on this class (%s).',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                $this->page_slug,
-                $this->_req_action,
-                get_class($this)
-            );
-            throw new EE_Error($msg);
-        }
-        $this->_set_model_object($this->request->getRequestParam('post'));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the _cpt_model_object property using what has been set for the _cpt_model_name and a given id.
-     *
-     * @param int    $id       The id to retrieve the model object for. If empty we set a default object.
-     * @param bool   $ignore_route_check
-     * @param string $req_type whether the current route is for inserting, updating, or deleting the CPT
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _set_model_object($id = null, $ignore_route_check = false, $req_type = '')
-    {
-        $model = null;
-        if (
-            empty($this->_cpt_model_names)
-            || (
-                ! $ignore_route_check
-                && ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ])
-            )
-            || (
-                $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base
-                && $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() === $id
-            )
-        ) {
-            // get out cuz we either don't have a model name OR the object has already been set and it has the same id as what has been sent.
-            return;
-        }
-        // if ignore_route_check is true, then get the model name via CustomPostTypeDefinitions
-        if ($ignore_route_check) {
-            $post_type = get_post_type($id);
-            /** @var EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions $custom_post_types */
-            $custom_post_types = $this->loader->getShared(
-                'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions'
-            );
-            $model_names       = $custom_post_types->getCustomPostTypeModelNames($post_type);
-            if (isset($model_names[ $post_type ])) {
-                $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_names[ $post_type ]);
-            }
-        } else {
-            $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($this->_cpt_model_names[ $this->_req_action ]);
-        }
-        if ($model instanceof EEM_Base) {
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj = ! empty($id) ? $model->get_one_by_ID($id) : $model->create_default_object();
-        }
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__set_model_object__after_set_object',
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj,
-            $req_type
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * admin_init_global
-     * This runs all the code that we want executed within the WP admin_init hook.
-     * This method executes for ALL EE Admin pages.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function admin_init_global()
-    {
-        $post = $this->request->getRequestParam('post');
-        // its possible this is a new save so let's catch that instead
-        $post           = isset($this->_req_data['post_ID']) ? get_post($this->_req_data['post_ID']) : $post;
-        $post_type      = $post instanceof WP_Post ? $post->post_type : false;
-        $current_route  = isset($this->_req_data['current_route'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['current_route']
-            : 'shouldneverwork';
-        $route_to_check = $post_type && isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $current_route ])
-            ? $this->_cpt_routes[ $current_route ]
-            : '';
-        add_filter('get_delete_post_link', [$this, 'modify_delete_post_link'], 10, 3);
-        add_filter('get_edit_post_link', [$this, 'modify_edit_post_link'], 10, 3);
-        if ($post_type === $route_to_check) {
-            add_filter('redirect_post_location', [$this, 'cpt_post_location_redirect'], 10, 2);
-        }
-        // now let's filter redirect if we're on a revision page and the revision is for an event CPT.
-        $revision = isset($this->_req_data['revision']) ? $this->_req_data['revision'] : null;
-        if (! empty($revision)) {
-            $action = isset($this->_req_data['action']) ? $this->_req_data['action'] : null;
-            // doing a restore?
-            if (! empty($action) && $action === 'restore') {
-                // get post for revision
-                $rev_post   = get_post($revision);
-                $rev_parent = get_post($rev_post->post_parent);
-                // only do our redirect filter AND our restore revision action if the post_type for the parent is one of our cpts.
-                if ($rev_parent && $rev_parent->post_type === $this->page_slug) {
-                    add_filter('wp_redirect', [$this, 'revision_redirect'], 10, 2);
-                    // restores of revisions
-                    add_action('wp_restore_post_revision', [$this, 'restore_revision'], 10, 2);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        // NOTE we ONLY want to run these hooks if we're on the right class for the given post type.  Otherwise we could see some really freaky things happen!
-        if ($post_type && $post_type === $route_to_check) {
-            // $post_id, $post
-            add_action('save_post', [$this, 'insert_update'], 10, 3);
-            // $post_id
-            add_action('trashed_post', [$this, 'before_trash_cpt_item'], 10);
-            add_action('trashed_post', [$this, 'dont_permanently_delete_ee_cpts'], 10);
-            add_action('untrashed_post', [$this, 'before_restore_cpt_item'], 10);
-            add_action('after_delete_post', [$this, 'before_delete_cpt_item'], 10);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for the WordPress trashed_post hook.
-     * Execute some basic checks before calling the trash_cpt_item declared in the child class.
-     *
-     * @param int $post_id
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function before_trash_cpt_item($post_id)
-    {
-        $this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'trash');
-        // if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->trash_cpt_item($post_id);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for the WordPress untrashed_post hook.
-     * Execute some basic checks before calling the restore_cpt_method in the child class.
-     *
-     * @param $post_id
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function before_restore_cpt_item($post_id)
-    {
-        $this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'restore');
-        // if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->restore_cpt_item($post_id);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for the WordPress after_delete_post hook.
-     * Execute some basic checks before calling the delete_cpt_item method in the child class.
-     *
-     * @param $post_id
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function before_delete_cpt_item($post_id)
-    {
-        $this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'delete');
-        // if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->delete_cpt_item($post_id);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply verifies if the cpt_model_object is instantiated for the given page and throws an error message
-     * accordingly.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function verify_cpt_object()
-    {
-        $label = ! empty($this->_cpt_object) ? $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name : $this->page_label;
-        // verify event object
-        if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'Something has gone wrong with the page load because we are unable to set up the object for the %1$s.  This usually happens when the given id for the page route is NOT for the correct custom post type for this page',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $label
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // if auto-draft then throw an error
-        if ($this->_cpt_model_obj->get('status') === 'auto-draft') {
-            EE_Error::overwrite_errors();
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'This %1$s was saved without a title, description, or excerpt which means that none of the extra details you added were saved properly.  All autodrafts will show up in the "draft" view of your event list table.  You can delete them from there. Please click the "Add %1$s" button to refresh and restart.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $label
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * admin_footer_scripts_global
-     * Anything triggered by the 'admin_print_footer_scripts' WP hook should be put in here. This particular method
-     * will apply on ALL EE_Admin pages.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function admin_footer_scripts_global()
-    {
-        $this->_add_admin_page_ajax_loading_img();
-        $this->_add_admin_page_overlay();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * add in any global scripts for cpt routes
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function load_global_scripts_styles()
-    {
-        parent::load_global_scripts_styles();
-        if ($this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
-            // setup custom post status object for localize script but only if we've got a cpt object
-            $statuses = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_custom_post_statuses();
-            if (! empty($statuses)) {
-                // get ALL statuses!
-                $statuses = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_all_post_statuses();
-                // setup object
-                $ee_cpt_statuses = [];
-                foreach ($statuses as $status => $label) {
-                    $ee_cpt_statuses[ $status ] = [
-                        'label'      => $label,
-                        'save_label' => sprintf(
-                            wp_strip_all_tags(__('Save as %s', 'event_espresso')),
-                            $label
-                        ),
-                    ];
-                }
-                wp_localize_script('ee_admin_js', 'eeCPTstatuses', $ee_cpt_statuses);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is a wrapper for the insert/update routes for cpt items so we can add things that are common to ALL
-     * insert/updates
-     *
-     * @param int     $post_id ID of post being updated
-     * @param WP_Post $post    Post object from WP
-     * @param bool    $update  Whether this is an update or a new save.
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function insert_update($post_id, $post, $update)
-    {
-        // make sure that if this is a revision OR trash action that we don't do any updates!
-        if (
-            isset($this->_req_data['action'])
-            && (
-                $this->_req_data['action'] === 'restore'
-                || $this->_req_data['action'] === 'trash'
-            )
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'insert_update');
-        // if our cpt object is not instantiated and its NOT the same post_id as what is triggering this callback, then exit.
-        if (
-            $update
-            && (
-                ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base
-                || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id
-            )
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // check for autosave and update our req_data property accordingly.
-        /*if ( defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE') && DOING_AUTOSAVE && isset( $this->_req_data['ee_autosave_data'] ) ) {
+		}
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * add our custom post status dropdown on the wp post page for this cpt
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function custom_post_stati_dropdown()
+	{
+
+		$statuses         = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_custom_post_statuses();
+		$cur_status_label = array_key_exists($this->_cpt_model_obj->status(), $statuses)
+			? $statuses[ $this->_cpt_model_obj->status() ]
+			: '';
+		$template_args    = [
+			'cur_status'            => $this->_cpt_model_obj->status(),
+			'statuses'              => $statuses,
+			'cur_status_label'      => $cur_status_label,
+			'localized_status_save' => sprintf(esc_html__('Save %s', 'event_espresso'), $cur_status_label),
+		];
+		// we'll add a trash post status (WP doesn't add one for some reason)
+		if ($this->_cpt_model_obj->status() === 'trash') {
+			$template_args['cur_status_label'] = esc_html__('Trashed', 'event_espresso');
+			$statuses['trash']                 = esc_html__('Trashed', 'event_espresso');
+			$template_args['statuses']         = $statuses;
+		}
+
+		$template = EE_ADMIN_TEMPLATE . 'status_dropdown.template.php';
+		EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args);
+	}
+
+
+	public function setup_autosave_hooks()
+	{
+		$this->_set_autosave_containers();
+		$this->_load_autosave_scripts_styles();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is run on all WordPress autosaves AFTER the autosave is complete and sends along a post object (available
+	 * in $this->_req_data) containing: post_ID of the saved post autosavenonce for the saved post We'll do the check
+	 * for the nonce in here, but then this method looks for two things:
+	 * 1. Execute a method (if exists) matching 'ee_autosave_' and appended with the given route. OR
+	 * 2. do_actions() for global or class specific actions that have been registered (for plugins/addons not in an
+	 * EE_Admin_Page class. PLEASE NOTE: Data will be returned using the _return_json() object and so the
+	 * $_template_args property should be used to hold the $data array.  We're expecting the following things set in
+	 * template args.
+	 *    1. $template_args['error'] = IF there is an error you can add the message in here.
+	 *    2. $template_args['data']['items'] = an array of items that are setup in key index pairs of 'where_values_go'
+	 *    => 'values_to_add'.  In other words, for the datetime metabox we'll have something like
+	 *    $this->_template_args['data']['items'] = array(
+	 *        'event-datetime-ids' => '1,2,3';
+	 *    );
+	 *    Keep in mind the following things:
+	 *    - "where" index is for the input with the id as that string.
+	 *    - "what" index is what will be used for the value of that input.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function do_extra_autosave_stuff()
+	{
+		// next let's check for the autosave nonce (we'll use _verify_nonce )
+		$nonce = $this->request->getRequestParam('autosavenonce');
+		$this->_verify_nonce($nonce, 'autosave');
+		// make sure we define doing autosave (cause WP isn't triggering this we want to make sure we define it)
+		if (! defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE')) {
+			define('DOING_AUTOSAVE', true);
+		}
+		// if we made it here then the nonce checked out.  Let's run our methods and actions
+		$autosave = "_ee_autosave_{$this->_current_view}";
+		if (method_exists($this, $autosave)) {
+			$this->$autosave();
+		} else {
+			$this->_template_args['success'] = true;
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__global_after', $this);
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__after_' . get_class($this), $this);
+		// now let's return json
+		$this->_return_json();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This takes care of setting up default routes and pages that utilize the core WP admin pages.
+	 * Child classes can override the defaults (in cases for adding metaboxes etc.)
+	 * but take care that you include the defaults here otherwise your core WP admin pages for the cpt won't work!
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _extend_page_config_for_cpt()
+	{
+		// before doing anything we need to make sure this runs ONLY when the loaded page matches the set page_slug
+		if ($this->raw_req_page !== $this->page_slug) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// set page routes and page config but ONLY if we're not viewing a custom setup cpt route as defined in _cpt_routes
+		if (! empty($this->_cpt_object)) {
+			$this->_page_routes = array_merge(
+				[
+					'create_new' => '_create_new_cpt_item',
+					'edit'       => '_edit_cpt_item',
+				],
+				$this->_page_routes
+			);
+			$this->_page_config = array_merge(
+				[
+					'create_new' => [
+						'nav'           => [
+							'label' => $this->_cpt_object->labels->add_new_item,
+							'order' => 5,
+						],
+						'require_nonce' => false,
+					],
+					'edit'       => [
+						'nav'           => [
+							'label'      => $this->_cpt_object->labels->edit_item,
+							'order'      => 5,
+							'persistent' => false,
+							'url'        => '',
+						],
+						'require_nonce' => false,
+					],
+				],
+				$this->_page_config
+			);
+		}
+		// load the next section only if this is a matching cpt route as set in the cpt routes array.
+		if (! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ])) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$this->_cpt_route = true;
+		// $this->_cpt_route = isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ]);
+		// add_action('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page___load_page_dependencies__after_load', array( $this, 'modify_current_screen') );
+		if (empty($this->_cpt_object)) {
+			$msg = sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'This page has been set as being related to a registered custom post type, however, the custom post type object could not be retrieved. There are two possible reasons for this:  1. The "%s" does not match a registered post type. or 2. The custom post type is not registered for the "%s" action as indexed in the "$_cpt_routes" property on this class (%s).',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				$this->page_slug,
+				$this->_req_action,
+				get_class($this)
+			);
+			throw new EE_Error($msg);
+		}
+		$this->_set_model_object($this->request->getRequestParam('post'));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the _cpt_model_object property using what has been set for the _cpt_model_name and a given id.
+	 *
+	 * @param int    $id       The id to retrieve the model object for. If empty we set a default object.
+	 * @param bool   $ignore_route_check
+	 * @param string $req_type whether the current route is for inserting, updating, or deleting the CPT
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _set_model_object($id = null, $ignore_route_check = false, $req_type = '')
+	{
+		$model = null;
+		if (
+			empty($this->_cpt_model_names)
+			|| (
+				! $ignore_route_check
+				&& ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ])
+			)
+			|| (
+				$this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base
+				&& $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() === $id
+			)
+		) {
+			// get out cuz we either don't have a model name OR the object has already been set and it has the same id as what has been sent.
+			return;
+		}
+		// if ignore_route_check is true, then get the model name via CustomPostTypeDefinitions
+		if ($ignore_route_check) {
+			$post_type = get_post_type($id);
+			/** @var EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions $custom_post_types */
+			$custom_post_types = $this->loader->getShared(
+				'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions'
+			);
+			$model_names       = $custom_post_types->getCustomPostTypeModelNames($post_type);
+			if (isset($model_names[ $post_type ])) {
+				$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_names[ $post_type ]);
+			}
+		} else {
+			$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($this->_cpt_model_names[ $this->_req_action ]);
+		}
+		if ($model instanceof EEM_Base) {
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj = ! empty($id) ? $model->get_one_by_ID($id) : $model->create_default_object();
+		}
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__set_model_object__after_set_object',
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj,
+			$req_type
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * admin_init_global
+	 * This runs all the code that we want executed within the WP admin_init hook.
+	 * This method executes for ALL EE Admin pages.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function admin_init_global()
+	{
+		$post = $this->request->getRequestParam('post');
+		// its possible this is a new save so let's catch that instead
+		$post           = isset($this->_req_data['post_ID']) ? get_post($this->_req_data['post_ID']) : $post;
+		$post_type      = $post instanceof WP_Post ? $post->post_type : false;
+		$current_route  = isset($this->_req_data['current_route'])
+			? $this->_req_data['current_route']
+			: 'shouldneverwork';
+		$route_to_check = $post_type && isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $current_route ])
+			? $this->_cpt_routes[ $current_route ]
+			: '';
+		add_filter('get_delete_post_link', [$this, 'modify_delete_post_link'], 10, 3);
+		add_filter('get_edit_post_link', [$this, 'modify_edit_post_link'], 10, 3);
+		if ($post_type === $route_to_check) {
+			add_filter('redirect_post_location', [$this, 'cpt_post_location_redirect'], 10, 2);
+		}
+		// now let's filter redirect if we're on a revision page and the revision is for an event CPT.
+		$revision = isset($this->_req_data['revision']) ? $this->_req_data['revision'] : null;
+		if (! empty($revision)) {
+			$action = isset($this->_req_data['action']) ? $this->_req_data['action'] : null;
+			// doing a restore?
+			if (! empty($action) && $action === 'restore') {
+				// get post for revision
+				$rev_post   = get_post($revision);
+				$rev_parent = get_post($rev_post->post_parent);
+				// only do our redirect filter AND our restore revision action if the post_type for the parent is one of our cpts.
+				if ($rev_parent && $rev_parent->post_type === $this->page_slug) {
+					add_filter('wp_redirect', [$this, 'revision_redirect'], 10, 2);
+					// restores of revisions
+					add_action('wp_restore_post_revision', [$this, 'restore_revision'], 10, 2);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// NOTE we ONLY want to run these hooks if we're on the right class for the given post type.  Otherwise we could see some really freaky things happen!
+		if ($post_type && $post_type === $route_to_check) {
+			// $post_id, $post
+			add_action('save_post', [$this, 'insert_update'], 10, 3);
+			// $post_id
+			add_action('trashed_post', [$this, 'before_trash_cpt_item'], 10);
+			add_action('trashed_post', [$this, 'dont_permanently_delete_ee_cpts'], 10);
+			add_action('untrashed_post', [$this, 'before_restore_cpt_item'], 10);
+			add_action('after_delete_post', [$this, 'before_delete_cpt_item'], 10);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for the WordPress trashed_post hook.
+	 * Execute some basic checks before calling the trash_cpt_item declared in the child class.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $post_id
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function before_trash_cpt_item($post_id)
+	{
+		$this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'trash');
+		// if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
+		if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$this->trash_cpt_item($post_id);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for the WordPress untrashed_post hook.
+	 * Execute some basic checks before calling the restore_cpt_method in the child class.
+	 *
+	 * @param $post_id
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function before_restore_cpt_item($post_id)
+	{
+		$this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'restore');
+		// if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
+		if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$this->restore_cpt_item($post_id);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for the WordPress after_delete_post hook.
+	 * Execute some basic checks before calling the delete_cpt_item method in the child class.
+	 *
+	 * @param $post_id
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function before_delete_cpt_item($post_id)
+	{
+		$this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'delete');
+		// if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
+		if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$this->delete_cpt_item($post_id);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply verifies if the cpt_model_object is instantiated for the given page and throws an error message
+	 * accordingly.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function verify_cpt_object()
+	{
+		$label = ! empty($this->_cpt_object) ? $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name : $this->page_label;
+		// verify event object
+		if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'Something has gone wrong with the page load because we are unable to set up the object for the %1$s.  This usually happens when the given id for the page route is NOT for the correct custom post type for this page',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$label
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// if auto-draft then throw an error
+		if ($this->_cpt_model_obj->get('status') === 'auto-draft') {
+			EE_Error::overwrite_errors();
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'This %1$s was saved without a title, description, or excerpt which means that none of the extra details you added were saved properly.  All autodrafts will show up in the "draft" view of your event list table.  You can delete them from there. Please click the "Add %1$s" button to refresh and restart.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$label
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * admin_footer_scripts_global
+	 * Anything triggered by the 'admin_print_footer_scripts' WP hook should be put in here. This particular method
+	 * will apply on ALL EE_Admin pages.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function admin_footer_scripts_global()
+	{
+		$this->_add_admin_page_ajax_loading_img();
+		$this->_add_admin_page_overlay();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * add in any global scripts for cpt routes
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function load_global_scripts_styles()
+	{
+		parent::load_global_scripts_styles();
+		if ($this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
+			// setup custom post status object for localize script but only if we've got a cpt object
+			$statuses = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_custom_post_statuses();
+			if (! empty($statuses)) {
+				// get ALL statuses!
+				$statuses = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_all_post_statuses();
+				// setup object
+				$ee_cpt_statuses = [];
+				foreach ($statuses as $status => $label) {
+					$ee_cpt_statuses[ $status ] = [
+						'label'      => $label,
+						'save_label' => sprintf(
+							wp_strip_all_tags(__('Save as %s', 'event_espresso')),
+							$label
+						),
+					];
+				}
+				wp_localize_script('ee_admin_js', 'eeCPTstatuses', $ee_cpt_statuses);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a wrapper for the insert/update routes for cpt items so we can add things that are common to ALL
+	 * insert/updates
+	 *
+	 * @param int     $post_id ID of post being updated
+	 * @param WP_Post $post    Post object from WP
+	 * @param bool    $update  Whether this is an update or a new save.
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function insert_update($post_id, $post, $update)
+	{
+		// make sure that if this is a revision OR trash action that we don't do any updates!
+		if (
+			isset($this->_req_data['action'])
+			&& (
+				$this->_req_data['action'] === 'restore'
+				|| $this->_req_data['action'] === 'trash'
+			)
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'insert_update');
+		// if our cpt object is not instantiated and its NOT the same post_id as what is triggering this callback, then exit.
+		if (
+			$update
+			&& (
+				! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base
+				|| $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id
+			)
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// check for autosave and update our req_data property accordingly.
+		/*if ( defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE') && DOING_AUTOSAVE && isset( $this->_req_data['ee_autosave_data'] ) ) {
             foreach( (array) $this->_req_data['ee_autosave_data'] as $id => $values ) {
 
                 foreach ( (array) $values as $key => $value ) {
@@ -984,539 +984,539 @@ 
 
         }/**/ // TODO reactivate after autosave is implemented in 4.2
 
-        // take care of updating any selected page_template IF this cpt supports it.
-        if ($this->_supports_page_templates($post->post_type) && ! empty($this->_req_data['page_template'])) {
-            // wp version aware.
-            if (RecommendedVersions::compareWordPressVersion('4.7', '>=')) {
-                $page_templates = wp_get_theme()->get_page_templates();
-            } else {
-                $post->page_template = $this->_req_data['page_template'];
-                $page_templates      = wp_get_theme()->get_page_templates($post);
-            }
-            if (
-                'default' != $this->_req_data['page_template']
-                && ! isset($page_templates[ $this->_req_data['page_template'] ])
-            ) {
-                EE_Error::add_error(
-                    esc_html__('Invalid Page Template.', 'event_espresso'),
-                    __FILE__,
-                    __FUNCTION__,
-                    __LINE__
-                );
-            } else {
-                update_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_page_template', $this->_req_data['page_template']);
-            }
-        }
-        if (defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE') && DOING_AUTOSAVE) {
-            return;
-        } //TODO we'll remove this after reimplementing autosave in 4.2
-        $this->_insert_update_cpt_item($post_id, $post);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This hooks into the wp_trash_post() function and removes the `_wp_trash_meta_status` and `_wp_trash_meta_time`
-     * post meta IF the trashed post is one of our CPT's - note this method should only be called with our cpt routes
-     * so we don't have to check for our CPT.
-     *
-     * @param int $post_id ID of the post
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function dont_permanently_delete_ee_cpts($post_id)
-    {
-        // only do this if we're actually processing one of our CPTs
-        // if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
-            return;
-        }
-        delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_status');
-        delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_time');
-        // our cpts may have comments so let's take care of that too
-        delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_comments_status');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is a wrapper for the restore_cpt_revision route for cpt items so we can make sure that when a revision is
-     * triggered that we restore related items.  In order to work cpt classes MUST have a restore_cpt_revision method
-     * in them. We also have our OWN action in here so addons can hook into the restore process easily.
-     *
-     * @param int $post_id     ID of cpt item
-     * @param int $revision_id ID of revision being restored
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function restore_revision($post_id, $revision_id)
-    {
-        $this->_restore_cpt_item($post_id, $revision_id);
-        // global action
-        do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
-        // class specific action so you can limit hooking into a specific page.
-        do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT_' . get_class($this) . '__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $post_id     ID of cpt item
-     * @param int $revision_id ID of revision for item
-     * @return void
-     * @see restore_revision() for details
-     */
-    abstract protected function _restore_cpt_item($post_id, $revision_id);
-
-
-    /**
-     * Execution of this method is added to the end of the load_page_dependencies method in the parent
-     * so that we can fix a bug where default core metaboxes were not being called in the sidebar.
-     * To fix we have to reset the current_screen using the page_slug
-     * (which is identical - or should be - to our registered_post_type id.)
-     * Also, since the core WP file loads the admin_header.php for WP
-     * (and there are a bunch of other things edit-form-advanced.php loads that need to happen really early)
-     * we need to load it NOW, hence our _route_admin_request in here. (Otherwise screen options won't be set).
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function modify_current_screen()
-    {
-        // ONLY do this if the current page_route IS a cpt route
-        if (! $this->_cpt_route) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // routing things REALLY early b/c this is a cpt admin page
-        set_current_screen($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ]);
-        $this->_current_screen       = get_current_screen();
-        $this->_current_screen->base = 'event-espresso';
-        $this->_add_help_tabs(); // we make sure we add any help tabs back in!
-        /*try {
+		// take care of updating any selected page_template IF this cpt supports it.
+		if ($this->_supports_page_templates($post->post_type) && ! empty($this->_req_data['page_template'])) {
+			// wp version aware.
+			if (RecommendedVersions::compareWordPressVersion('4.7', '>=')) {
+				$page_templates = wp_get_theme()->get_page_templates();
+			} else {
+				$post->page_template = $this->_req_data['page_template'];
+				$page_templates      = wp_get_theme()->get_page_templates($post);
+			}
+			if (
+				'default' != $this->_req_data['page_template']
+				&& ! isset($page_templates[ $this->_req_data['page_template'] ])
+			) {
+				EE_Error::add_error(
+					esc_html__('Invalid Page Template.', 'event_espresso'),
+					__FILE__,
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					__LINE__
+				);
+			} else {
+				update_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_page_template', $this->_req_data['page_template']);
+			}
+		}
+		if (defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE') && DOING_AUTOSAVE) {
+			return;
+		} //TODO we'll remove this after reimplementing autosave in 4.2
+		$this->_insert_update_cpt_item($post_id, $post);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This hooks into the wp_trash_post() function and removes the `_wp_trash_meta_status` and `_wp_trash_meta_time`
+	 * post meta IF the trashed post is one of our CPT's - note this method should only be called with our cpt routes
+	 * so we don't have to check for our CPT.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $post_id ID of the post
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function dont_permanently_delete_ee_cpts($post_id)
+	{
+		// only do this if we're actually processing one of our CPTs
+		// if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
+		if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
+			return;
+		}
+		delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_status');
+		delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_time');
+		// our cpts may have comments so let's take care of that too
+		delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_comments_status');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a wrapper for the restore_cpt_revision route for cpt items so we can make sure that when a revision is
+	 * triggered that we restore related items.  In order to work cpt classes MUST have a restore_cpt_revision method
+	 * in them. We also have our OWN action in here so addons can hook into the restore process easily.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $post_id     ID of cpt item
+	 * @param int $revision_id ID of revision being restored
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function restore_revision($post_id, $revision_id)
+	{
+		$this->_restore_cpt_item($post_id, $revision_id);
+		// global action
+		do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
+		// class specific action so you can limit hooking into a specific page.
+		do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT_' . get_class($this) . '__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $post_id     ID of cpt item
+	 * @param int $revision_id ID of revision for item
+	 * @return void
+	 * @see restore_revision() for details
+	 */
+	abstract protected function _restore_cpt_item($post_id, $revision_id);
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Execution of this method is added to the end of the load_page_dependencies method in the parent
+	 * so that we can fix a bug where default core metaboxes were not being called in the sidebar.
+	 * To fix we have to reset the current_screen using the page_slug
+	 * (which is identical - or should be - to our registered_post_type id.)
+	 * Also, since the core WP file loads the admin_header.php for WP
+	 * (and there are a bunch of other things edit-form-advanced.php loads that need to happen really early)
+	 * we need to load it NOW, hence our _route_admin_request in here. (Otherwise screen options won't be set).
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function modify_current_screen()
+	{
+		// ONLY do this if the current page_route IS a cpt route
+		if (! $this->_cpt_route) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// routing things REALLY early b/c this is a cpt admin page
+		set_current_screen($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ]);
+		$this->_current_screen       = get_current_screen();
+		$this->_current_screen->base = 'event-espresso';
+		$this->_add_help_tabs(); // we make sure we add any help tabs back in!
+		/*try {
             $this->_route_admin_request();
         } catch ( EE_Error $e ) {
             $e->get_error();
         }/**/
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This allows child classes to modify the default editor title that appears when people add a new or edit an
-     * existing CPT item.     * This uses the _labels property set by the child class via _define_page_props. Just make
-     * sure you have a key in _labels property that equals 'editor_title' and the value can be whatever you want the
-     * default to be.
-     *
-     * @param string $title The new title (or existing if there is no editor_title defined)
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function add_custom_editor_default_title($title)
-    {
-        return $this->_labels['editor_title'][ $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ] ] ?? $title;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * hooks into the wp_get_shortlink button and makes sure that the shortlink gets generated
-     *
-     * @param string $shortlink   The already generated shortlink
-     * @param int    $id          Post ID for this item
-     * @param string $context     The context for the link
-     * @param bool   $allow_slugs Whether to allow post slugs in the shortlink.
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function add_shortlink_button_to_editor($shortlink, $id, $context, $allow_slugs)
-    {
-        if (! empty($id) && get_option('permalink_structure') !== '') {
-            $post = get_post($id);
-            if (isset($post->post_type) && $this->page_slug === $post->post_type) {
-                $shortlink = home_url('?p=' . $post->ID);
-            }
-        }
-        return $shortlink;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * overriding the parent route_admin_request method so we DON'T run the route twice on cpt core page loads (it's
-     * already run in modify_current_screen())
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function route_admin_request()
-    {
-        if ($this->_cpt_route) {
-            return;
-        }
-        try {
-            $this->_route_admin_request();
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            $e->get_error();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Add a hidden form input to cpt core pages so that we know to do redirects to our routes on saves
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function cpt_post_form_hidden_input()
-    {
-        // we're also going to add the route value and the current page so we can direct autosave parsing correctly
-        echo '
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This allows child classes to modify the default editor title that appears when people add a new or edit an
+	 * existing CPT item.     * This uses the _labels property set by the child class via _define_page_props. Just make
+	 * sure you have a key in _labels property that equals 'editor_title' and the value can be whatever you want the
+	 * default to be.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $title The new title (or existing if there is no editor_title defined)
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function add_custom_editor_default_title($title)
+	{
+		return $this->_labels['editor_title'][ $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ] ] ?? $title;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * hooks into the wp_get_shortlink button and makes sure that the shortlink gets generated
+	 *
+	 * @param string $shortlink   The already generated shortlink
+	 * @param int    $id          Post ID for this item
+	 * @param string $context     The context for the link
+	 * @param bool   $allow_slugs Whether to allow post slugs in the shortlink.
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function add_shortlink_button_to_editor($shortlink, $id, $context, $allow_slugs)
+	{
+		if (! empty($id) && get_option('permalink_structure') !== '') {
+			$post = get_post($id);
+			if (isset($post->post_type) && $this->page_slug === $post->post_type) {
+				$shortlink = home_url('?p=' . $post->ID);
+			}
+		}
+		return $shortlink;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * overriding the parent route_admin_request method so we DON'T run the route twice on cpt core page loads (it's
+	 * already run in modify_current_screen())
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function route_admin_request()
+	{
+		if ($this->_cpt_route) {
+			return;
+		}
+		try {
+			$this->_route_admin_request();
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			$e->get_error();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Add a hidden form input to cpt core pages so that we know to do redirects to our routes on saves
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function cpt_post_form_hidden_input()
+	{
+		// we're also going to add the route value and the current page so we can direct autosave parsing correctly
+		echo '
         <input type="hidden" name="ee_cpt_item_redirect_url" value="' . esc_url_raw($this->_admin_base_url) . '"/>
         <div id="ee-cpt-hidden-inputs">
             <input type="hidden" id="current_route" name="current_route" value="' . esc_attr($this->_current_view) . '"/>
             <input type="hidden" id="current_page" name="current_page" value="' . esc_attr($this->page_slug) . '"/>
         </div>';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This allows us to redirect the location of revision restores when they happen so it goes to our CPT routes.
-     *
-     * @param string $location Original location url
-     * @param int    $status   Status for http header
-     * @return string           new (or original) url to redirect to.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function revision_redirect($location, $status)
-    {
-        // get revision
-        $rev_id = $this->_req_data['revision'] ?? null;
-        // can't do anything without revision so let's get out if not present
-        if (empty($rev_id)) {
-            return $location;
-        }
-        // get rev_post_data
-        $rev        = get_post($rev_id);
-        $admin_url  = $this->_admin_base_url;
-        $query_args = [
-            'action'   => 'edit',
-            'post'     => $rev->post_parent,
-            'revision' => $rev_id,
-            'message'  => 5,
-        ];
-        $this->_process_notices($query_args, true);
-        return EE_Admin_Page_CPT::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $admin_url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Modify the edit post link generated by wp core function so that EE CPTs get setup differently.
-     *
-     * @param string $link    the original generated link
-     * @param int    $id      post id
-     * @param string $context optional, defaults to display.  How to write the '&'
-     * @return string          the link
-     */
-    public function modify_edit_post_link($link, $id, $context)
-    {
-        $post = get_post($id);
-        if (
-            ! isset($this->_req_data['action'])
-            || ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
-            || $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ]
-        ) {
-            return $link;
-        }
-        $query_args = [
-            'action' => $this->_cpt_edit_routes[ $post->post_type ] ?? 'edit',
-            'post'   => $id,
-        ];
-        return EE_Admin_Page_CPT::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $this->_admin_base_url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Modify the trash link on our cpt edit pages so it has the required query var for triggering redirect properly on
-     * our routes.
-     *
-     * @param string $delete_link  original delete link
-     * @param int    $post_id      id of cpt object
-     * @param bool   $force_delete whether this is forcing a hard delete instead of trash
-     * @return string new delete link
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function modify_delete_post_link($delete_link, $post_id, $force_delete)
-    {
-        $post = get_post($post_id);
-
-        if (
-            empty($this->_req_data['action'])
-            || ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
-            || ! $post instanceof WP_Post
-            || $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ]
-        ) {
-            return $delete_link;
-        }
-        $this->_set_model_object($post->ID, true);
-
-        // returns something like `trash_event` or `trash_attendee` or `trash_venue`
-        $action = 'trash_' . str_replace('ee_', '', strtolower(get_class($this->_cpt_model_obj)));
-
-        return EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            [
-                'page'   => $this->_req_data['page'],
-                'action' => $action,
-                $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_model()->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-                         => $post->ID,
-            ],
-            admin_url()
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is the callback for the 'redirect_post_location' filter in wp-admin/post.php
-     * so that we can hijack the default redirect locations for wp custom post types
-     * that WE'RE using and send back to OUR routes.  This should only be hooked in on the right route.
-     *
-     * @param string $location This is the incoming currently set redirect location
-     * @param string $post_id  This is the 'ID' value of the wp_posts table
-     * @return string           the new location to redirect to
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function cpt_post_location_redirect($location, $post_id)
-    {
-        // we DO have a match so let's setup the url
-        // we have to get the post to determine our route
-        $post       = get_post($post_id);
-        $edit_route = $this->_cpt_edit_routes[ $post->post_type ];
-        // shared query_args
-        $query_args = ['action' => $edit_route, 'post' => $post_id];
-        $admin_url  = $this->_admin_base_url;
-        if (isset($this->_req_data['save']) || isset($this->_req_data['publish'])) {
-            $status = get_post_status($post_id);
-            if (isset($this->_req_data['publish'])) {
-                switch ($status) {
-                    case 'pending':
-                        $message = 8;
-                        break;
-                    case 'future':
-                        $message = 9;
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        $message = 6;
-                }
-            } else {
-                $message = 'draft' === $status ? 10 : 1;
-            }
-        } elseif (isset($this->_req_data['addmeta']) && $this->_req_data['addmeta']) {
-            $message = 2;
-        } elseif (isset($this->_req_data['deletemeta']) && $this->_req_data['deletemeta']) {
-            $message = 3;
-        } elseif ($this->_req_data['action'] === 'post-quickpress-save-cont') {
-            $message = 7;
-        } else {
-            $message = 4;
-        }
-        // change the message if the post type is not viewable on the frontend
-        $this->_cpt_object = get_post_type_object($post->post_type);
-        $message           = $message === 1 && ! $this->_cpt_object->publicly_queryable ? 4 : $message;
-        $query_args        = array_merge(['message' => $message], $query_args);
-        $this->_process_notices($query_args, true);
-        return EE_Admin_Page_CPT::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $admin_url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method is called to inject nav tabs on core WP cpt pages
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function inject_nav_tabs()
-    {
-        echo wp_kses($this->_get_main_nav_tabs(), AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just sets up the post update messages when an update form is loaded
-     *
-     * @param array $messages the original messages array
-     * @return array           the new messages array
-     */
-    public function post_update_messages($messages)
-    {
-        global $post;
-        $id       = $this->request->getRequestParam('post');
-        $id       = empty($id) && is_object($post) ? $post->ID : null;
-        $revision = $this->request->getRequestParam('revision', 0, 'int');
-
-        $messages[ $post->post_type ] = [
-            0  => '', // Unused. Messages start at index 1.
-            1  => sprintf(
-                esc_html__('%1$s updated. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
-                '</a>'
-            ),
-            2  => esc_html__('Custom field updated', 'event_espresso'),
-            3  => esc_html__('Custom field deleted.', 'event_espresso'),
-            4  => sprintf(esc_html__('%1$s updated.', 'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
-            5  => $revision
-                ? sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('%s restored to revision from %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                    wp_post_revision_title($revision, false)
-                )
-                : false,
-            6  => sprintf(
-                esc_html__('%1$s published. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
-                '</a>'
-            ),
-            7  => sprintf(esc_html__('%1$s saved.', 'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
-            8  => sprintf(
-                esc_html__('%1$s submitted. %2$sPreview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))) . '">',
-                '</a>'
-            ),
-            9  => sprintf(
-                esc_html__('%1$s scheduled for: %2$s. %3$s">Preview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<strong>' . date_i18n('M j, Y @ G:i', strtotime($post->post_date)) . '</strong>',
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)),
-                '</a>'
-            ),
-            10 => sprintf(
-                esc_html__('%1$s draft updated. %2$s">Preview page%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))),
-                '</a>'
-            ),
-        ];
-        return $messages;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * default method for the 'create_new' route for cpt admin pages.
-     * For reference what to include in here, see wp-admin/post-new.php
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _create_new_cpt_item()
-    {
-        // gather template vars for WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php'
-        global $post, $title, $is_IE, $post_type, $post_type_object;
-        $post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ];
-        $post_type_object = $this->_cpt_object;
-        $title            = $post_type_object->labels->add_new_item;
-        $post             = $post = get_default_post_to_edit($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ], true);
-        add_action('admin_print_styles', [$this, 'add_new_admin_page_global']);
-        // modify the default editor title field with default title.
-        add_filter('enter_title_here', [$this, 'add_custom_editor_default_title'], 10);
-        $this->loadEditorTemplate(true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Enqueues auto-save and loads the editor template
-     *
-     * @param bool $creating
-     */
-    private function loadEditorTemplate($creating = true)
-    {
-        global $post, $title, $is_IE, $post_type, $post_type_object;
-        // these vars are used by the template
-        $editing = true;
-        $post_ID = $post->ID;
-        if (apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___create_new_cpt_item__replace_editor', false, $post) === false) {
-            // only enqueue autosave when creating event (necessary to get permalink/url generated)
-            // otherwise EE doesn't support autosave fully, so to prevent user confusion we disable it in edit context.
-            if ($creating) {
-                wp_enqueue_script('autosave');
-            } elseif (
-                isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
-                && ! isset($this->_labels['hide_add_button_on_cpt_route'][ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
-            ) {
-                $create_new_action = apply_filters(
-                    'FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___edit_cpt_item__create_new_action',
-                    'create_new',
-                    $this
-                );
-                $post_new_file = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-                    array(
-                        'action' => $create_new_action,
-                        'page'   => $this->page_slug,
-                    ),
-                    'admin.php'
-                );
-            }
-            include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    public function add_new_admin_page_global()
-    {
-        $admin_page = ! empty($this->_req_data['post']) ? 'post-php' : 'post-new-php';
-        ?>
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This allows us to redirect the location of revision restores when they happen so it goes to our CPT routes.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $location Original location url
+	 * @param int    $status   Status for http header
+	 * @return string           new (or original) url to redirect to.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function revision_redirect($location, $status)
+	{
+		// get revision
+		$rev_id = $this->_req_data['revision'] ?? null;
+		// can't do anything without revision so let's get out if not present
+		if (empty($rev_id)) {
+			return $location;
+		}
+		// get rev_post_data
+		$rev        = get_post($rev_id);
+		$admin_url  = $this->_admin_base_url;
+		$query_args = [
+			'action'   => 'edit',
+			'post'     => $rev->post_parent,
+			'revision' => $rev_id,
+			'message'  => 5,
+		];
+		$this->_process_notices($query_args, true);
+		return EE_Admin_Page_CPT::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $admin_url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Modify the edit post link generated by wp core function so that EE CPTs get setup differently.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $link    the original generated link
+	 * @param int    $id      post id
+	 * @param string $context optional, defaults to display.  How to write the '&'
+	 * @return string          the link
+	 */
+	public function modify_edit_post_link($link, $id, $context)
+	{
+		$post = get_post($id);
+		if (
+			! isset($this->_req_data['action'])
+			|| ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
+			|| $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ]
+		) {
+			return $link;
+		}
+		$query_args = [
+			'action' => $this->_cpt_edit_routes[ $post->post_type ] ?? 'edit',
+			'post'   => $id,
+		];
+		return EE_Admin_Page_CPT::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $this->_admin_base_url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Modify the trash link on our cpt edit pages so it has the required query var for triggering redirect properly on
+	 * our routes.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $delete_link  original delete link
+	 * @param int    $post_id      id of cpt object
+	 * @param bool   $force_delete whether this is forcing a hard delete instead of trash
+	 * @return string new delete link
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function modify_delete_post_link($delete_link, $post_id, $force_delete)
+	{
+		$post = get_post($post_id);
+
+		if (
+			empty($this->_req_data['action'])
+			|| ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
+			|| ! $post instanceof WP_Post
+			|| $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ]
+		) {
+			return $delete_link;
+		}
+		$this->_set_model_object($post->ID, true);
+
+		// returns something like `trash_event` or `trash_attendee` or `trash_venue`
+		$action = 'trash_' . str_replace('ee_', '', strtolower(get_class($this->_cpt_model_obj)));
+
+		return EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			[
+				'page'   => $this->_req_data['page'],
+				'action' => $action,
+				$this->_cpt_model_obj->get_model()->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+						 => $post->ID,
+			],
+			admin_url()
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is the callback for the 'redirect_post_location' filter in wp-admin/post.php
+	 * so that we can hijack the default redirect locations for wp custom post types
+	 * that WE'RE using and send back to OUR routes.  This should only be hooked in on the right route.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $location This is the incoming currently set redirect location
+	 * @param string $post_id  This is the 'ID' value of the wp_posts table
+	 * @return string           the new location to redirect to
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function cpt_post_location_redirect($location, $post_id)
+	{
+		// we DO have a match so let's setup the url
+		// we have to get the post to determine our route
+		$post       = get_post($post_id);
+		$edit_route = $this->_cpt_edit_routes[ $post->post_type ];
+		// shared query_args
+		$query_args = ['action' => $edit_route, 'post' => $post_id];
+		$admin_url  = $this->_admin_base_url;
+		if (isset($this->_req_data['save']) || isset($this->_req_data['publish'])) {
+			$status = get_post_status($post_id);
+			if (isset($this->_req_data['publish'])) {
+				switch ($status) {
+					case 'pending':
+						$message = 8;
+						break;
+					case 'future':
+						$message = 9;
+						break;
+					default:
+						$message = 6;
+				}
+			} else {
+				$message = 'draft' === $status ? 10 : 1;
+			}
+		} elseif (isset($this->_req_data['addmeta']) && $this->_req_data['addmeta']) {
+			$message = 2;
+		} elseif (isset($this->_req_data['deletemeta']) && $this->_req_data['deletemeta']) {
+			$message = 3;
+		} elseif ($this->_req_data['action'] === 'post-quickpress-save-cont') {
+			$message = 7;
+		} else {
+			$message = 4;
+		}
+		// change the message if the post type is not viewable on the frontend
+		$this->_cpt_object = get_post_type_object($post->post_type);
+		$message           = $message === 1 && ! $this->_cpt_object->publicly_queryable ? 4 : $message;
+		$query_args        = array_merge(['message' => $message], $query_args);
+		$this->_process_notices($query_args, true);
+		return EE_Admin_Page_CPT::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $admin_url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method is called to inject nav tabs on core WP cpt pages
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function inject_nav_tabs()
+	{
+		echo wp_kses($this->_get_main_nav_tabs(), AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just sets up the post update messages when an update form is loaded
+	 *
+	 * @param array $messages the original messages array
+	 * @return array           the new messages array
+	 */
+	public function post_update_messages($messages)
+	{
+		global $post;
+		$id       = $this->request->getRequestParam('post');
+		$id       = empty($id) && is_object($post) ? $post->ID : null;
+		$revision = $this->request->getRequestParam('revision', 0, 'int');
+
+		$messages[ $post->post_type ] = [
+			0  => '', // Unused. Messages start at index 1.
+			1  => sprintf(
+				esc_html__('%1$s updated. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
+				'<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
+				'</a>'
+			),
+			2  => esc_html__('Custom field updated', 'event_espresso'),
+			3  => esc_html__('Custom field deleted.', 'event_espresso'),
+			4  => sprintf(esc_html__('%1$s updated.', 'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
+			5  => $revision
+				? sprintf(
+					esc_html__('%s restored to revision from %s', 'event_espresso'),
+					$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
+					wp_post_revision_title($revision, false)
+				)
+				: false,
+			6  => sprintf(
+				esc_html__('%1$s published. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
+				'<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
+				'</a>'
+			),
+			7  => sprintf(esc_html__('%1$s saved.', 'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
+			8  => sprintf(
+				esc_html__('%1$s submitted. %2$sPreview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
+				'<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))) . '">',
+				'</a>'
+			),
+			9  => sprintf(
+				esc_html__('%1$s scheduled for: %2$s. %3$s">Preview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
+				'<strong>' . date_i18n('M j, Y @ G:i', strtotime($post->post_date)) . '</strong>',
+				'<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)),
+				'</a>'
+			),
+			10 => sprintf(
+				esc_html__('%1$s draft updated. %2$s">Preview page%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
+				'<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))),
+				'</a>'
+			),
+		];
+		return $messages;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * default method for the 'create_new' route for cpt admin pages.
+	 * For reference what to include in here, see wp-admin/post-new.php
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _create_new_cpt_item()
+	{
+		// gather template vars for WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php'
+		global $post, $title, $is_IE, $post_type, $post_type_object;
+		$post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ];
+		$post_type_object = $this->_cpt_object;
+		$title            = $post_type_object->labels->add_new_item;
+		$post             = $post = get_default_post_to_edit($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ], true);
+		add_action('admin_print_styles', [$this, 'add_new_admin_page_global']);
+		// modify the default editor title field with default title.
+		add_filter('enter_title_here', [$this, 'add_custom_editor_default_title'], 10);
+		$this->loadEditorTemplate(true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Enqueues auto-save and loads the editor template
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $creating
+	 */
+	private function loadEditorTemplate($creating = true)
+	{
+		global $post, $title, $is_IE, $post_type, $post_type_object;
+		// these vars are used by the template
+		$editing = true;
+		$post_ID = $post->ID;
+		if (apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___create_new_cpt_item__replace_editor', false, $post) === false) {
+			// only enqueue autosave when creating event (necessary to get permalink/url generated)
+			// otherwise EE doesn't support autosave fully, so to prevent user confusion we disable it in edit context.
+			if ($creating) {
+				wp_enqueue_script('autosave');
+			} elseif (
+				isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
+				&& ! isset($this->_labels['hide_add_button_on_cpt_route'][ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
+			) {
+				$create_new_action = apply_filters(
+					'FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___edit_cpt_item__create_new_action',
+					'create_new',
+					$this
+				);
+				$post_new_file = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+					array(
+						'action' => $create_new_action,
+						'page'   => $this->page_slug,
+					),
+					'admin.php'
+				);
+			}
+			include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	public function add_new_admin_page_global()
+	{
+		$admin_page = ! empty($this->_req_data['post']) ? 'post-php' : 'post-new-php';
+		?>
         <script type="text/javascript">
             adminpage = '<?php echo esc_js($admin_page); ?>';
         </script>
         <?php
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * default method for the 'edit' route for cpt admin pages
-     * For reference on what to put in here, refer to wp-admin/post.php
-     *
-     * @return string   template for edit cpt form
-     */
-    protected function _edit_cpt_item()
-    {
-        global $post, $title, $is_IE, $post_type, $post_type_object;
-        $post_id = isset($this->_req_data['post']) ? $this->_req_data['post'] : null;
-        $post    = ! empty($post_id) ? get_post($post_id, OBJECT, 'edit') : null;
-        if (empty($post)) {
-            wp_die(esc_html__(
-                'You attempted to edit an item that doesn&#8217;t exist. Perhaps it was deleted?',
-                'event_espresso'
-            ));
-        }
-
-        $post_lock = $this->request->getRequestParam('get-post-lock');
-        if ($post_lock) {
-            wp_set_post_lock($post_id);
-            wp_redirect(get_edit_post_link($post_id, 'url'));
-            exit();
-        }
-
-        // template vars for WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php'
-        $post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ];
-        $post_type_object = $this->_cpt_object;
-
-        if (! wp_check_post_lock($post->ID)) {
-            wp_set_post_lock($post->ID);
-        }
-        add_action('admin_footer', '_admin_notice_post_locked');
-        if (post_type_supports($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ], 'comments')) {
-            wp_enqueue_script('admin-comments');
-            enqueue_comment_hotkeys_js();
-        }
-        add_action('admin_print_styles', [$this, 'add_new_admin_page_global']);
-        // modify the default editor title field with default title.
-        add_filter('enter_title_here', [$this, 'add_custom_editor_default_title'], 10);
-        $this->loadEditorTemplate(false);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * some getters
-     */
-    /**
-     * This returns the protected _cpt_model_obj property
-     *
-     * @return EE_CPT_Base
-     */
-    public function get_cpt_model_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->_cpt_model_obj;
-    }
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * default method for the 'edit' route for cpt admin pages
+	 * For reference on what to put in here, refer to wp-admin/post.php
+	 *
+	 * @return string   template for edit cpt form
+	 */
+	protected function _edit_cpt_item()
+	{
+		global $post, $title, $is_IE, $post_type, $post_type_object;
+		$post_id = isset($this->_req_data['post']) ? $this->_req_data['post'] : null;
+		$post    = ! empty($post_id) ? get_post($post_id, OBJECT, 'edit') : null;
+		if (empty($post)) {
+			wp_die(esc_html__(
+				'You attempted to edit an item that doesn&#8217;t exist. Perhaps it was deleted?',
+				'event_espresso'
+			));
+		}
+
+		$post_lock = $this->request->getRequestParam('get-post-lock');
+		if ($post_lock) {
+			wp_set_post_lock($post_id);
+			wp_redirect(get_edit_post_link($post_id, 'url'));
+			exit();
+		}
+
+		// template vars for WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php'
+		$post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ];
+		$post_type_object = $this->_cpt_object;
+
+		if (! wp_check_post_lock($post->ID)) {
+			wp_set_post_lock($post->ID);
+		}
+		add_action('admin_footer', '_admin_notice_post_locked');
+		if (post_type_supports($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ], 'comments')) {
+			wp_enqueue_script('admin-comments');
+			enqueue_comment_hotkeys_js();
+		}
+		add_action('admin_print_styles', [$this, 'add_new_admin_page_global']);
+		// modify the default editor title field with default title.
+		add_filter('enter_title_here', [$this, 'add_custom_editor_default_title'], 10);
+		$this->loadEditorTemplate(false);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * some getters
+	 */
+	/**
+	 * This returns the protected _cpt_model_obj property
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_CPT_Base
+	 */
+	public function get_cpt_model_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->_cpt_model_obj;
+	}
 }

Spacing +75 added lines, -75 removed lines

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ 
      */
     protected function getLoader()
     {
-        if (! $this->loader instanceof LoaderInterface) {
+        if ( ! $this->loader instanceof LoaderInterface) {
             $this->loader = LoaderFactory::getLoader();
         }
         return $this->loader;
@@ -183,15 +183,15 @@ 
             ],
             $this->_cpt_routes
         );
-        $cpt_route_action  = isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->raw_req_action ])
-            ? $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->raw_req_action ]
+        $cpt_route_action = isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->raw_req_action])
+            ? $this->_cpt_routes[$this->raw_req_action]
             : null;
         // let's see if the current route has a value for cpt_object_slug. if it does, we use that instead of the page
         $page              = $this->raw_req_page ?: $this->page_slug;
         $page              = $cpt_route_action ?: $page;
         $this->_cpt_object = get_post_type_object($page);
         // tweak pagenow for page loading.
-        if (! $this->_pagenow_map) {
+        if ( ! $this->_pagenow_map) {
             $this->_pagenow_map = [
                 'create_new' => 'post-new.php',
                 'edit'       => 'post.php',
@@ -217,10 +217,10 @@ 
         // possibly reset pagenow.
         if (
             $this->page_slug === $this->raw_req_page
-            && isset($this->_pagenow_map[ $this->raw_req_action ])
+            && isset($this->_pagenow_map[$this->raw_req_action])
         ) {
             global $pagenow, $hook_suffix;
-            $pagenow     = $this->_pagenow_map[ $this->raw_req_action ];
+            $pagenow     = $this->_pagenow_map[$this->raw_req_action];
             $hook_suffix = $pagenow;
         }
     }
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ 
         if (empty($wp_meta_boxes)) {
             return;
         }
-        $current_metaboxes = isset($wp_meta_boxes[ $this->page_slug ]) ? $wp_meta_boxes[ $this->page_slug ] : [];
+        $current_metaboxes = isset($wp_meta_boxes[$this->page_slug]) ? $wp_meta_boxes[$this->page_slug] : [];
         foreach ($current_metaboxes as $box_context) {
             foreach ($box_context as $box_details) {
                 foreach ($box_details as $box) {
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ 
             $this
         );
         $containers = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__' . get_class($this) . '___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
+            'FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__'.get_class($this).'___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
             $containers,
             $this
         );
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ 
     protected function _load_page_dependencies()
     {
         // we only add stuff if this is a cpt_route!
-        if (! $this->_cpt_route) {
+        if ( ! $this->_cpt_route) {
             parent::_load_page_dependencies();
             return;
         }
@@ -347,16 +347,16 @@ 
         add_filter('pre_get_shortlink', [$this, 'add_shortlink_button_to_editor'], 10, 4);
         // This basically allows us to change the title of the "publish" metabox area
         // on CPT pages by setting a 'publishbox' value in the $_labels property array in the child class.
-        if (! empty($this->_labels['publishbox'])) {
+        if ( ! empty($this->_labels['publishbox'])) {
             $box_label = is_array($this->_labels['publishbox'])
-                         && isset($this->_labels['publishbox'][ $this->_req_action ])
-                ? $this->_labels['publishbox'][ $this->_req_action ]
+                         && isset($this->_labels['publishbox'][$this->_req_action])
+                ? $this->_labels['publishbox'][$this->_req_action]
                 : $this->_labels['publishbox'];
             $this->addMetaBox(
                 'submitdiv',
                 $box_label,
                 'post_submit_meta_box',
-                $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ],
+                $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action],
                 'side',
                 'core'
             );
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ 
                 'page_templates',
                 esc_html__('Page Template', 'event_espresso'),
                 [$this, 'page_template_meta_box'],
-                $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ],
+                $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action],
                 'side',
                 'default'
             );
@@ -399,8 +399,8 @@ 
         // This is for any plugins that are doing things properly
         // and hooking into the load page hook for core wp cpt routes.
         global $pagenow;
-        add_action('load-' . $pagenow, [$this, 'modify_current_screen'], 20);
-        do_action('load-' . $pagenow);
+        add_action('load-'.$pagenow, [$this, 'modify_current_screen'], 20);
+        do_action('load-'.$pagenow);
         add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', [$this, 'setup_autosave_hooks'], 30);
         // we route REALLY early.
         try {
@@ -429,8 +429,8 @@ 
                 'admin.php?page=espresso_registrations&action=contact_list',
             ],
             1 => [
-                'edit.php?post_type=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
-                'admin.php?page=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
+                'edit.php?post_type='.$this->_cpt_object->name,
+                'admin.php?page='.$this->_cpt_object->name,
             ],
         ];
         foreach ($routes_to_match as $route_matches) {
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ 
             'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions'
         );
         $cpt_args          = $custom_post_types->getDefinitions();
-        $cpt_args          = isset($cpt_args[ $cpt_name ]) ? $cpt_args[ $cpt_name ]['args'] : [];
+        $cpt_args          = isset($cpt_args[$cpt_name]) ? $cpt_args[$cpt_name]['args'] : [];
         $cpt_has_support   = ! empty($cpt_args['page_templates']);
 
         // if the installed version of WP is > 4.7 we do some additional checks.
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ 
             // if there are $post_templates for this cpt, then we return false for this method because
             // that means we aren't going to load our page template manager and leave that up to the native
             // cpt template manager.
-            $cpt_has_support = ! isset($post_templates[ $cpt_name ]) ? $cpt_has_support : false;
+            $cpt_has_support = ! isset($post_templates[$cpt_name]) ? $cpt_has_support : false;
         }
 
         return $cpt_has_support;
@@ -525,8 +525,8 @@ 
         if ('publish' !== get_post_status($post)) {
             $return .= '
             <span id="view-post-btn">
-                <a target="_blank" href="' . get_preview_post_link($id) . '" class="button button--secondary">
-                    ' . esc_html__('Preview', 'event_espresso') . '
+                <a target="_blank" href="' . get_preview_post_link($id).'" class="button button--secondary">
+                    ' . esc_html__('Preview', 'event_espresso').'
                 </a>
             </span>
             ';
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ 
 
         $statuses         = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_custom_post_statuses();
         $cur_status_label = array_key_exists($this->_cpt_model_obj->status(), $statuses)
-            ? $statuses[ $this->_cpt_model_obj->status() ]
+            ? $statuses[$this->_cpt_model_obj->status()]
             : '';
         $template_args    = [
             'cur_status'            => $this->_cpt_model_obj->status(),
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ 
             $template_args['statuses']         = $statuses;
         }
 
-        $template = EE_ADMIN_TEMPLATE . 'status_dropdown.template.php';
+        $template = EE_ADMIN_TEMPLATE.'status_dropdown.template.php';
         EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args);
     }
 
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ 
         $nonce = $this->request->getRequestParam('autosavenonce');
         $this->_verify_nonce($nonce, 'autosave');
         // make sure we define doing autosave (cause WP isn't triggering this we want to make sure we define it)
-        if (! defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE')) {
+        if ( ! defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE')) {
             define('DOING_AUTOSAVE', true);
         }
         // if we made it here then the nonce checked out.  Let's run our methods and actions
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ 
             $this->_template_args['success'] = true;
         }
         do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__global_after', $this);
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__after_' . get_class($this), $this);
+        do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__after_'.get_class($this), $this);
         // now let's return json
         $this->_return_json();
     }
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ 
             return;
         }
         // set page routes and page config but ONLY if we're not viewing a custom setup cpt route as defined in _cpt_routes
-        if (! empty($this->_cpt_object)) {
+        if ( ! empty($this->_cpt_object)) {
             $this->_page_routes = array_merge(
                 [
                     'create_new' => '_create_new_cpt_item',
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ 
             );
         }
         // load the next section only if this is a matching cpt route as set in the cpt routes array.
-        if (! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ])) {
+        if ( ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action])) {
             return;
         }
         $this->_cpt_route = true;
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ 
             empty($this->_cpt_model_names)
             || (
                 ! $ignore_route_check
-                && ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ])
+                && ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action])
             )
             || (
                 $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base
@@ -723,11 +723,11 @@ 
                 'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions'
             );
             $model_names       = $custom_post_types->getCustomPostTypeModelNames($post_type);
-            if (isset($model_names[ $post_type ])) {
-                $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_names[ $post_type ]);
+            if (isset($model_names[$post_type])) {
+                $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_names[$post_type]);
             }
         } else {
-            $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($this->_cpt_model_names[ $this->_req_action ]);
+            $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($this->_cpt_model_names[$this->_req_action]);
         }
         if ($model instanceof EEM_Base) {
             $this->_cpt_model_obj = ! empty($id) ? $model->get_one_by_ID($id) : $model->create_default_object();
@@ -756,8 +756,8 @@ 
         $current_route  = isset($this->_req_data['current_route'])
             ? $this->_req_data['current_route']
             : 'shouldneverwork';
-        $route_to_check = $post_type && isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $current_route ])
-            ? $this->_cpt_routes[ $current_route ]
+        $route_to_check = $post_type && isset($this->_cpt_routes[$current_route])
+            ? $this->_cpt_routes[$current_route]
             : '';
         add_filter('get_delete_post_link', [$this, 'modify_delete_post_link'], 10, 3);
         add_filter('get_edit_post_link', [$this, 'modify_edit_post_link'], 10, 3);
@@ -766,10 +766,10 @@ 
         }
         // now let's filter redirect if we're on a revision page and the revision is for an event CPT.
         $revision = isset($this->_req_data['revision']) ? $this->_req_data['revision'] : null;
-        if (! empty($revision)) {
+        if ( ! empty($revision)) {
             $action = isset($this->_req_data['action']) ? $this->_req_data['action'] : null;
             // doing a restore?
-            if (! empty($action) && $action === 'restore') {
+            if ( ! empty($action) && $action === 'restore') {
                 // get post for revision
                 $rev_post   = get_post($revision);
                 $rev_parent = get_post($rev_post->post_parent);
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ 
     {
         $this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'trash');
         // if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
+        if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
             return;
         }
         $this->trash_cpt_item($post_id);
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ 
     {
         $this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'restore');
         // if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
+        if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
             return;
         }
         $this->restore_cpt_item($post_id);
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ 
     {
         $this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'delete');
         // if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
+        if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
             return;
         }
         $this->delete_cpt_item($post_id);
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ 
     {
         $label = ! empty($this->_cpt_object) ? $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name : $this->page_label;
         // verify event object
-        if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
+        if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -919,13 +919,13 @@ 
         if ($this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
             // setup custom post status object for localize script but only if we've got a cpt object
             $statuses = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_custom_post_statuses();
-            if (! empty($statuses)) {
+            if ( ! empty($statuses)) {
                 // get ALL statuses!
                 $statuses = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_all_post_statuses();
                 // setup object
                 $ee_cpt_statuses = [];
                 foreach ($statuses as $status => $label) {
-                    $ee_cpt_statuses[ $status ] = [
+                    $ee_cpt_statuses[$status] = [
                         'label'      => $label,
                         'save_label' => sprintf(
                             wp_strip_all_tags(__('Save as %s', 'event_espresso')),
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ 
             }
             if (
                 'default' != $this->_req_data['page_template']
-                && ! isset($page_templates[ $this->_req_data['page_template'] ])
+                && ! isset($page_templates[$this->_req_data['page_template']])
             ) {
                 EE_Error::add_error(
                     esc_html__('Invalid Page Template.', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ 
     {
         // only do this if we're actually processing one of our CPTs
         // if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if (! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
+        if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
             return;
         }
         delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_status');
@@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ 
         // global action
         do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
         // class specific action so you can limit hooking into a specific page.
-        do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT_' . get_class($this) . '__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
+        do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT_'.get_class($this).'__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
     }
 
 
@@ -1079,11 +1079,11 @@ 
     public function modify_current_screen()
     {
         // ONLY do this if the current page_route IS a cpt route
-        if (! $this->_cpt_route) {
+        if ( ! $this->_cpt_route) {
             return;
         }
         // routing things REALLY early b/c this is a cpt admin page
-        set_current_screen($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ]);
+        set_current_screen($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action]);
         $this->_current_screen       = get_current_screen();
         $this->_current_screen->base = 'event-espresso';
         $this->_add_help_tabs(); // we make sure we add any help tabs back in!
@@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ 
      */
     public function add_custom_editor_default_title($title)
     {
-        return $this->_labels['editor_title'][ $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ] ] ?? $title;
+        return $this->_labels['editor_title'][$this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action]] ?? $title;
     }
 
 
@@ -1121,10 +1121,10 @@ 
      */
     public function add_shortlink_button_to_editor($shortlink, $id, $context, $allow_slugs)
     {
-        if (! empty($id) && get_option('permalink_structure') !== '') {
+        if ( ! empty($id) && get_option('permalink_structure') !== '') {
             $post = get_post($id);
             if (isset($post->post_type) && $this->page_slug === $post->post_type) {
-                $shortlink = home_url('?p=' . $post->ID);
+                $shortlink = home_url('?p='.$post->ID);
             }
         }
         return $shortlink;
@@ -1161,10 +1161,10 @@ 
     {
         // we're also going to add the route value and the current page so we can direct autosave parsing correctly
         echo '
-        <input type="hidden" name="ee_cpt_item_redirect_url" value="' . esc_url_raw($this->_admin_base_url) . '"/>
+        <input type="hidden" name="ee_cpt_item_redirect_url" value="' . esc_url_raw($this->_admin_base_url).'"/>
         <div id="ee-cpt-hidden-inputs">
-            <input type="hidden" id="current_route" name="current_route" value="' . esc_attr($this->_current_view) . '"/>
-            <input type="hidden" id="current_page" name="current_page" value="' . esc_attr($this->page_slug) . '"/>
+            <input type="hidden" id="current_route" name="current_route" value="' . esc_attr($this->_current_view).'"/>
+            <input type="hidden" id="current_page" name="current_page" value="' . esc_attr($this->page_slug).'"/>
         </div>';
     }
 
@@ -1212,13 +1212,13 @@ 
         $post = get_post($id);
         if (
             ! isset($this->_req_data['action'])
-            || ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
-            || $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ]
+            || ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
+            || $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']]
         ) {
             return $link;
         }
         $query_args = [
-            'action' => $this->_cpt_edit_routes[ $post->post_type ] ?? 'edit',
+            'action' => $this->_cpt_edit_routes[$post->post_type] ?? 'edit',
             'post'   => $id,
         ];
         return EE_Admin_Page_CPT::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $this->_admin_base_url);
@@ -1242,16 +1242,16 @@ 
 
         if (
             empty($this->_req_data['action'])
-            || ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
+            || ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
             || ! $post instanceof WP_Post
-            || $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ]
+            || $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']]
         ) {
             return $delete_link;
         }
         $this->_set_model_object($post->ID, true);
 
         // returns something like `trash_event` or `trash_attendee` or `trash_venue`
-        $action = 'trash_' . str_replace('ee_', '', strtolower(get_class($this->_cpt_model_obj)));
+        $action = 'trash_'.str_replace('ee_', '', strtolower(get_class($this->_cpt_model_obj)));
 
         return EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
             [
@@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ 
         // we DO have a match so let's setup the url
         // we have to get the post to determine our route
         $post       = get_post($post_id);
-        $edit_route = $this->_cpt_edit_routes[ $post->post_type ];
+        $edit_route = $this->_cpt_edit_routes[$post->post_type];
         // shared query_args
         $query_args = ['action' => $edit_route, 'post' => $post_id];
         $admin_url  = $this->_admin_base_url;
@@ -1343,12 +1343,12 @@ 
         $id       = empty($id) && is_object($post) ? $post->ID : null;
         $revision = $this->request->getRequestParam('revision', 0, 'int');
 
-        $messages[ $post->post_type ] = [
+        $messages[$post->post_type] = [
             0  => '', // Unused. Messages start at index 1.
             1  => sprintf(
                 esc_html__('%1$s updated. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
                 $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
+                '<a href="'.esc_url(get_permalink($id)).'">',
                 '</a>'
             ),
             2  => esc_html__('Custom field updated', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -1364,27 +1364,27 @@ 
             6  => sprintf(
                 esc_html__('%1$s published. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
                 $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
+                '<a href="'.esc_url(get_permalink($id)).'">',
                 '</a>'
             ),
             7  => sprintf(esc_html__('%1$s saved.', 'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
             8  => sprintf(
                 esc_html__('%1$s submitted. %2$sPreview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
                 $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))) . '">',
+                '<a target="_blank" href="'.esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))).'">',
                 '</a>'
             ),
             9  => sprintf(
                 esc_html__('%1$s scheduled for: %2$s. %3$s">Preview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
                 $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<strong>' . date_i18n('M j, Y @ G:i', strtotime($post->post_date)) . '</strong>',
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)),
+                '<strong>'.date_i18n('M j, Y @ G:i', strtotime($post->post_date)).'</strong>',
+                '<a target="_blank" href="'.esc_url(get_permalink($id)),
                 '</a>'
             ),
             10 => sprintf(
                 esc_html__('%1$s draft updated. %2$s">Preview page%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
                 $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))),
+                '<a target="_blank" href="'.esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))),
                 '</a>'
             ),
         ];
@@ -1402,10 +1402,10 @@ 
     {
         // gather template vars for WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php'
         global $post, $title, $is_IE, $post_type, $post_type_object;
-        $post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ];
+        $post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action];
         $post_type_object = $this->_cpt_object;
         $title            = $post_type_object->labels->add_new_item;
-        $post             = $post = get_default_post_to_edit($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ], true);
+        $post             = $post = get_default_post_to_edit($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action], true);
         add_action('admin_print_styles', [$this, 'add_new_admin_page_global']);
         // modify the default editor title field with default title.
         add_filter('enter_title_here', [$this, 'add_custom_editor_default_title'], 10);
@@ -1430,8 +1430,8 @@ 
             if ($creating) {
                 wp_enqueue_script('autosave');
             } elseif (
-                isset($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
-                && ! isset($this->_labels['hide_add_button_on_cpt_route'][ $this->_req_data['action'] ])
+                isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
+                && ! isset($this->_labels['hide_add_button_on_cpt_route'][$this->_req_data['action']])
             ) {
                 $create_new_action = apply_filters(
                     'FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___edit_cpt_item__create_new_action',
@@ -1446,7 +1446,7 @@ 
                     'admin.php'
                 );
             }
-            include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php';
+            include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH.'edit-form-advanced.php';
         }
     }
 
@@ -1488,14 +1488,14 @@ 
         }
 
         // template vars for WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php'
-        $post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ];
+        $post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action];
         $post_type_object = $this->_cpt_object;
 
-        if (! wp_check_post_lock($post->ID)) {
+        if ( ! wp_check_post_lock($post->ID)) {
             wp_set_post_lock($post->ID);
         }
         add_action('admin_footer', '_admin_notice_post_locked');
-        if (post_type_supports($this->_cpt_routes[ $this->_req_action ], 'comments')) {
+        if (post_type_supports($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action], 'comments')) {
             wp_enqueue_script('admin-comments');
             enqueue_comment_hotkeys_js();
         }

core/domain/services/graphql/types/Event.php

Indentation +217 added lines, -217 removed lines

@@ -24,225 +24,225 @@
  */
 class Event extends TypeBase
 {
-    /**
-     * Event constructor.
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Event $event_model
-     */
-    public function __construct(EEM_Event $event_model)
-    {
-        $this->setName($this->namespace . 'Event');
-        $this->setIsCustomPostType(true);
-        parent::__construct($event_model);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Event constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Event $event_model
+	 */
+	public function __construct(EEM_Event $event_model)
+	{
+		$this->setName($this->namespace . 'Event');
+		$this->setIsCustomPostType(true);
+		parent::__construct($event_model);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * @return GraphQLFieldInterface[]
-     */
-    public function getFields(): array
-    {
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EventEspresso_core_domain_services_graphql_types__event_fields',
-            [
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'allowDonations',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'donations',
-                    esc_html__('Accept Donations?', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'allowOverflow',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'allow_overflow',
-                    esc_html__('Enable Wait List for Event', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'altRegPage',
-                    'String',
-                    'external_url',
-                    esc_html__('URL of Event Page if hosted elsewhere', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLOutputField(
-                    'cacheId',
-                    ['non_null' => 'String'],
-                    null,
-                    esc_html__('The cache ID of the object.', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'created',
-                    'String',
-                    'created',
-                    esc_html__('Date/Time Event Created', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLOutputField(
-                    'dbId',
-                    ['non_null' => 'Int'],
-                    'ID',
-                    esc_html__('The event ID.', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'defaultRegStatus',
-                    $this->namespace . 'RegistrationStatusEnum',
-                    'default_registration_status',
-                    esc_html__('Default Event Registration Status', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'description',
-                    'String',
-                    'description',
-                    esc_html__('Event Description', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'displayDescription',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'display_description',
-                    esc_html__('Display Description Flag', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'displayTicketSelector',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'display_ticket_selector',
-                    esc_html__('Display Ticket Selector Flag', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLOutputField(
-                    'isActive',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'is_active',
-                    esc_html__('Flag indicating event is active', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLOutputField(
-                    'isCancelled',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'is_cancelled',
-                    esc_html__('Flag indicating whether the event is marked as cancelled', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLOutputField(
-                    'isExpired',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'is_expired',
-                    esc_html__('Flag indicating event is expired or not', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLOutputField(
-                    'isInactive',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'is_inactive',
-                    esc_html__('Flag indicating event is inactive', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLOutputField(
-                    'isPostponed',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'is_postponed',
-                    esc_html__('Flag indicating whether the event is marked as postponed', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLOutputField(
-                    'isSoldOut',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'is_sold_out',
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'Flag indicating whether the tickets sold for the event, met or exceed the registration limit',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    )
-                ),
-                new GraphQLOutputField(
-                    'isUpcoming',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'is_upcoming',
-                    esc_html__('Whether the event is upcoming', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLInputField(
-                    'manager',
-                    'String',
-                    null,
-                    esc_html__('Globally unique event ID for the event manager', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLOutputField(
-                    'manager',
-                    'User',
-                    null,
-                    esc_html__('Event Manager', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'maxRegistrations',
-                    'Int',
-                    'additional_limit',
-                    esc_html__('Limit of Additional Registrations on Same Transaction', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'memberOnly',
-                    'Boolean',
-                    'member_only',
-                    esc_html__('Member-Only Event Flag', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'name',
-                    'String',
-                    'name',
-                    esc_html__('Event Name', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'order',
-                    'Int',
-                    'order',
-                    esc_html__('Event Menu Order', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'phoneNumber',
-                    'String',
-                    'phone',
-                    esc_html__('Event Phone Number', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'shortDescription',
-                    'String',
-                    'short_description',
-                    esc_html__('Event Short Description', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'timezoneString',
-                    'String',
-                    'timezone_string',
-                    esc_html__('Timezone (name) for Event times', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'visibleOn',
-                    'String',
-                    'visible_on',
-                    esc_html__('Event Visible Date', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                new GraphQLField(
-                    'venue',
-                    'String',
-                    null,
-                    esc_html__('Event venue ID', 'event_espresso'),
-                    null,
-                    function (EE_Event $source) {
-                        $venue_ID = $source->venue_ID();
-                        return $venue_ID
-                            // Since venue is a CPT, $type will be 'post'
-                            ? Relay::toGlobalId('post', $venue_ID)
-                            : null;
-                    }
-                ),
-            ],
-            $this->name,
-            $this->model
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @return GraphQLFieldInterface[]
+	 */
+	public function getFields(): array
+	{
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EventEspresso_core_domain_services_graphql_types__event_fields',
+			[
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'allowDonations',
+					'Boolean',
+					'donations',
+					esc_html__('Accept Donations?', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'allowOverflow',
+					'Boolean',
+					'allow_overflow',
+					esc_html__('Enable Wait List for Event', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'altRegPage',
+					'String',
+					'external_url',
+					esc_html__('URL of Event Page if hosted elsewhere', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLOutputField(
+					'cacheId',
+					['non_null' => 'String'],
+					null,
+					esc_html__('The cache ID of the object.', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'created',
+					'String',
+					'created',
+					esc_html__('Date/Time Event Created', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLOutputField(
+					'dbId',
+					['non_null' => 'Int'],
+					'ID',
+					esc_html__('The event ID.', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'defaultRegStatus',
+					$this->namespace . 'RegistrationStatusEnum',
+					'default_registration_status',
+					esc_html__('Default Event Registration Status', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'description',
+					'String',
+					'description',
+					esc_html__('Event Description', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'displayDescription',
+					'Boolean',
+					'display_description',
+					esc_html__('Display Description Flag', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'displayTicketSelector',
+					'Boolean',
+					'display_ticket_selector',
+					esc_html__('Display Ticket Selector Flag', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLOutputField(
+					'isActive',
+					'Boolean',
+					'is_active',
+					esc_html__('Flag indicating event is active', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLOutputField(
+					'isCancelled',
+					'Boolean',
+					'is_cancelled',
+					esc_html__('Flag indicating whether the event is marked as cancelled', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLOutputField(
+					'isExpired',
+					'Boolean',
+					'is_expired',
+					esc_html__('Flag indicating event is expired or not', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLOutputField(
+					'isInactive',
+					'Boolean',
+					'is_inactive',
+					esc_html__('Flag indicating event is inactive', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLOutputField(
+					'isPostponed',
+					'Boolean',
+					'is_postponed',
+					esc_html__('Flag indicating whether the event is marked as postponed', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLOutputField(
+					'isSoldOut',
+					'Boolean',
+					'is_sold_out',
+					esc_html__(
+						'Flag indicating whether the tickets sold for the event, met or exceed the registration limit',
+						'event_espresso'
+					)
+				),
+				new GraphQLOutputField(
+					'isUpcoming',
+					'Boolean',
+					'is_upcoming',
+					esc_html__('Whether the event is upcoming', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLInputField(
+					'manager',
+					'String',
+					null,
+					esc_html__('Globally unique event ID for the event manager', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLOutputField(
+					'manager',
+					'User',
+					null,
+					esc_html__('Event Manager', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'maxRegistrations',
+					'Int',
+					'additional_limit',
+					esc_html__('Limit of Additional Registrations on Same Transaction', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'memberOnly',
+					'Boolean',
+					'member_only',
+					esc_html__('Member-Only Event Flag', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'name',
+					'String',
+					'name',
+					esc_html__('Event Name', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'order',
+					'Int',
+					'order',
+					esc_html__('Event Menu Order', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'phoneNumber',
+					'String',
+					'phone',
+					esc_html__('Event Phone Number', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'shortDescription',
+					'String',
+					'short_description',
+					esc_html__('Event Short Description', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'timezoneString',
+					'String',
+					'timezone_string',
+					esc_html__('Timezone (name) for Event times', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'visibleOn',
+					'String',
+					'visible_on',
+					esc_html__('Event Visible Date', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				new GraphQLField(
+					'venue',
+					'String',
+					null,
+					esc_html__('Event venue ID', 'event_espresso'),
+					null,
+					function (EE_Event $source) {
+						$venue_ID = $source->venue_ID();
+						return $venue_ID
+							// Since venue is a CPT, $type will be 'post'
+							? Relay::toGlobalId('post', $venue_ID)
+							: null;
+					}
+				),
+			],
+			$this->name,
+			$this->model
+		);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Extends the existing WP GraphQL mutations.
-     *
-     * @since $VID:$
-     */
-    public function extendMutations()
-    {
-        add_action(
-            'graphql_post_object_mutation_update_additional_data',
-            EventUpdate::mutateFields($this->model, $this),
-            10,
-            6
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Extends the existing WP GraphQL mutations.
+	 *
+	 * @since $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function extendMutations()
+	{
+		add_action(
+			'graphql_post_object_mutation_update_additional_data',
+			EventUpdate::mutateFields($this->model, $this),
+			10,
+			6
+		);
+	}
 }

Spacing +3 added lines, -3 removed lines

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ 
      */
     public function __construct(EEM_Event $event_model)
     {
-        $this->setName($this->namespace . 'Event');
+        $this->setName($this->namespace.'Event');
         $this->setIsCustomPostType(true);
         parent::__construct($event_model);
     }
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ 
                 ),
                 new GraphQLField(
                     'defaultRegStatus',
-                    $this->namespace . 'RegistrationStatusEnum',
+                    $this->namespace.'RegistrationStatusEnum',
                     'default_registration_status',
                     esc_html__('Default Event Registration Status', 'event_espresso')
                 ),
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ 
                     null,
                     esc_html__('Event venue ID', 'event_espresso'),
                     null,
-                    function (EE_Event $source) {
+                    function(EE_Event $source) {
                         $venue_ID = $source->venue_ID();
                         return $venue_ID
                             // Since venue is a CPT, $type will be 'post'

core/domain/services/event/EventSpacesCalculator.php

Indentation +729 added lines, -729 removed lines

@@ -27,733 +27,733 @@
  */
 class EventSpacesCalculator
 {
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Event $event
-     */
-    private $event;
-
-    /**
-     * @var array $datetime_query_params
-     */
-    private $datetime_query_params;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Ticket[] $active_tickets
-     */
-    private $active_tickets = [];
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Datetime[] $datetimes
-     */
-    private $datetimes = [];
-
-    /**
-     * Array of Ticket IDs grouped by Datetime
-     *
-     * @var array $datetimes
-     */
-    private $datetime_tickets = [];
-
-    /**
-     * Max spaces for each Datetime (reg limit - previous sold)
-     *
-     * @var array $datetime_spaces
-     */
-    private $datetime_spaces = [];
-
-    /**
-     * Array of Datetime IDs grouped by Ticket
-     *
-     * @var array[] $ticket_datetimes
-     */
-    private $ticket_datetimes = [];
-
-    /**
-     * maximum ticket quantities for each ticket (adjusted for reg limit)
-     *
-     * @var array $ticket_quantities
-     */
-    private $ticket_quantities = [];
-
-    /**
-     * total quantity of sold and reserved for each ticket
-     *
-     * @var array $tickets_sold
-     */
-    private $tickets_sold = [];
-
-    /**
-     * total spaces available across all datetimes
-     *
-     * @var array $total_spaces
-     */
-    private $total_spaces = [];
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean $debug
-     */
-    private $debug = false; // true false
-
-    /**
-     * @var int|float|null $spaces_remaining
-     */
-    private $spaces_remaining;
-
-    /**
-     * @var int|float|null $total_spaces_available
-     */
-    private $total_spaces_available;
-
-
-    /**
-     * EventSpacesCalculator constructor.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Event $event
-     * @param array    $datetime_query_params
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function __construct(EE_Event $event, array $datetime_query_params = [])
-    {
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 1);
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr((string) $event->ID(), 'For event', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-        }
-        $this->event                 = $event;
-        $this->datetime_query_params = $datetime_query_params + ['order_by' => ['DTT_reg_limit' => 'ASC']];
-        $this->setHooks();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function setHooks()
-    {
-        add_action('AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_sold', [$this, 'clearResults']);
-        add_action('AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_sold', [$this, 'clearResults']);
-        add_action('AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_sold', [$this, 'clearResults']);
-        add_action('AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_sold', [$this, 'clearResults']);
-        add_action('AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_reserved', [$this, 'clearResults']);
-        add_action('AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_reserved', [$this, 'clearResults']);
-        add_action('AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_reserved', [$this, 'clearResults']);
-        add_action('AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_reserved', [$this, 'clearResults']);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function clearResults()
-    {
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 1);
-        }
-        $this->spaces_remaining       = null;
-        $this->total_spaces_available = null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function getActiveTickets(): array
-    {
-        if (empty($this->active_tickets)) {
-            $this->active_tickets = $this->event->tickets(
-                [
-                    ['TKT_deleted' => false],
-                    'order_by' => ['TKT_qty' => 'ASC'],
-                ]
-            );
-        }
-        return $this->active_tickets;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Ticket[] $active_tickets
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function setActiveTickets(array $active_tickets = [])
-    {
-        if (! empty($active_tickets)) {
-            foreach ($active_tickets as $active_ticket) {
-                $this->validateTicket($active_ticket);
-            }
-            // sort incoming array by ticket quantity (asc)
-            usort(
-                $active_tickets,
-                function (EE_Ticket $a, EE_Ticket $b) {
-                    if ($a->qty() === $b->qty()) {
-                        return 0;
-                    }
-                    return ($a->qty() < $b->qty())
-                        ? -1
-                        : 1;
-                }
-            );
-        }
-        $this->active_tickets = $active_tickets;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $ticket
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function validateTicket($ticket)
-    {
-        if (! $ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
-            throw new DomainException(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'Invalid Ticket. Only EE_Ticket objects can be used to calculate event space availability.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if ($ticket->get_event_ID() !== $this->event->ID()) {
-            throw new DomainException(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'An EE_Ticket for Event %1$d was supplied while calculating event space availability for Event %2$d.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $ticket->get_event_ID(),
-                    $this->event->ID()
-                )
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EE_Datetime[]
-     */
-    public function getDatetimes(): array
-    {
-        return $this->datetimes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Datetime $datetime
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function setDatetime(EE_Datetime $datetime)
-    {
-        if ($datetime->event()->ID() !== $this->event->ID()) {
-            throw new DomainException(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'An EE_Datetime for Event %1$d was supplied while calculating event space availability for Event %2$d.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $datetime->event()->ID(),
-                    $this->event->ID()
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $this->datetimes[ $datetime->ID() ] = $datetime;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * calculate spaces remaining based on "saleable" tickets
-     *
-     * @return int|float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function spacesRemaining()
-    {
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 2);
-        }
-        if ($this->spaces_remaining === null) {
-            $this->initialize();
-            $this->spaces_remaining = $this->calculate();
-        }
-        return $this->spaces_remaining;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * calculates total available spaces for an event with no regard for sold tickets
-     *
-     * @return int|float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function totalSpacesAvailable()
-    {
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 2);
-        }
-        if ($this->total_spaces_available === null) {
-            $this->initialize();
-            $this->total_spaces_available = $this->calculate(false);
-        }
-        return $this->total_spaces_available;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Loops through the active tickets for the event
-     * and builds a series of data arrays that will be used for calculating
-     * the total maximum available spaces, as well as the spaces remaining.
-     * Because ticket quantities affect datetime spaces and vice versa,
-     * we need to be constantly updating these data arrays as things change,
-     * which is the entire reason for their existence.
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function initialize()
-    {
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 2);
-        }
-        $this->datetime_tickets  = [];
-        $this->datetime_spaces   = [];
-        $this->ticket_datetimes  = [];
-        $this->ticket_quantities = [];
-        $this->tickets_sold      = [];
-        $this->total_spaces      = [];
-        $active_tickets          = $this->getActiveTickets();
-        if (! empty($active_tickets)) {
-            foreach ($active_tickets as $ticket) {
-                $this->validateTicket($ticket);
-                // we need to index our data arrays using strings for the purpose of sorting,
-                // but we also need them to be unique, so  we'll just prepend a letter T to the ID
-                $ticket_identifier = "T{$ticket->ID()}";
-                // to start, we'll just consider the raw qty to be the maximum availability for this ticket,
-                // unless the ticket is past its "sell until" date, in which case the qty will be 0
-                $max_tickets = $ticket->is_expired() ? 0 : $ticket->qty();
-                // but we'll adjust that after looping over each datetime for the ticket and checking reg limits
-                $ticket_datetimes = $ticket->datetimes($this->datetime_query_params);
-                foreach ($ticket_datetimes as $datetime) {
-                    // save all datetimes
-                    $this->setDatetime($datetime);
-                    $datetime_identifier = "D{$datetime->ID()}";
-                    $reg_limit           = $datetime->reg_limit();
-                    // ticket quantity can not exceed datetime reg limit
-                    $max_tickets = min($max_tickets, $reg_limit);
-                    // as described earlier, because we need to be able to constantly adjust numbers for things,
-                    // we are going to move all of our data into the following arrays:
-                    // datetime spaces initially represents the reg limit for each datetime,
-                    // but this will get adjusted as tickets are accounted for
-                    $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] = $reg_limit;
-                    // just an array of ticket IDs grouped by datetime
-                    $this->datetime_tickets[ $datetime_identifier ][] = $ticket_identifier;
-                    // and an array of datetime IDs grouped by ticket
-                    $this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ][] = $datetime_identifier;
-                }
-                // total quantity of sold and reserved for each ticket
-                $this->tickets_sold[ $ticket_identifier ] = $ticket->sold() + $ticket->reserved();
-                // and the maximum ticket quantities for each ticket (adjusted for reg limit)
-                $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] = $max_tickets;
-            }
-        }
-        // sort datetime spaces by reg limit, but maintain our string indexes
-        asort($this->datetime_spaces, SORT_NUMERIC);
-        // datetime tickets need to be sorted in the SAME order as the above array...
-        // so we'll just use array_merge() to take the structure of datetime_spaces
-        // but overwrite all of the data with that from datetime_tickets
-        $this->datetime_tickets = array_merge(
-            $this->datetime_spaces,
-            $this->datetime_tickets
-        );
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->datetime_spaces, 'datetime_spaces', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->datetime_tickets, 'datetime_tickets', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->ticket_quantities, 'ticket_quantities', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * performs calculations on initialized data
-     *
-     * @param bool $consider_sold
-     * @return int|float
-     */
-    private function calculate(bool $consider_sold = true)
-    {
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 2);
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($consider_sold, '$consider_sold', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-        }
-        if ($consider_sold) {
-            // subtract amounts sold from all ticket quantities and datetime spaces
-            $this->adjustTicketQuantitiesDueToSales();
-        }
-        foreach ($this->datetime_tickets as $datetime_identifier => $tickets) {
-            $this->trackAvailableSpacesForDatetimes($datetime_identifier, $tickets);
-        }
-        // total spaces available is just the sum of the spaces available for each datetime
-        $spaces_remaining = array_sum($this->total_spaces);
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->total_spaces, '$this->total_spaces', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->tickets_sold, '$this->tickets_sold', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($spaces_remaining, '$spaces_remaining', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-        }
-        return $spaces_remaining;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * subtracts amount of  tickets sold from ticket quantities and datetime spaces
-     */
-    private function adjustTicketQuantitiesDueToSales()
-    {
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 2);
-        }
-        foreach ($this->tickets_sold as $ticket_identifier => $tickets_sold) {
-            if (isset($this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ])) {
-                $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] -= $tickets_sold;
-                // don't let values go below zero
-                $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] = max(
-                    $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ],
-                    0
-                );
-                if ($this->debug) {
-                    EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                        "$tickets_sold sales for ticket $ticket_identifier ",
-                        'subtracting',
-                        __FILE__,
-                        __LINE__
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-            if (
-                isset($this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ])
-                && is_array($this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ])
-            ) {
-                foreach ($this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ] as $ticket_datetime) {
-                    if (isset($this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ])) {
-                        $this->datetime_spaces[ $ticket_datetime ] -= $tickets_sold;
-                        // don't let values go below zero
-                        $this->datetime_spaces[ $ticket_datetime ] = max(
-                            $this->datetime_spaces[ $ticket_datetime ],
-                            0
-                        );
-                        if ($this->debug) {
-                            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                                "$tickets_sold sales for datetime $ticket_datetime ",
-                                'subtracting',
-                                __FILE__,
-                                __LINE__
-                            );
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $datetime_identifier
-     * @param array  $tickets
-     */
-    private function trackAvailableSpacesForDatetimes(string $datetime_identifier, array $tickets)
-    {
-        // make sure a reg limit is set for the datetime
-        $reg_limit = $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] ?? 0;
-        // and bail if it is not
-        if (! $reg_limit) {
-            if ($this->debug) {
-                EEH_Debug_Tools::printr('AT CAPACITY', " . $datetime_identifier", __FILE__, __LINE__);
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($datetime_identifier, '* $datetime_identifier', __FILE__, __LINE__, 1);
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                "$reg_limit",
-                'REG LIMIT',
-                __FILE__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-        }
-        // number of allocated spaces always starts at zero
-        $spaces_allocated                           = 0;
-        $this->total_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] = 0;
-        foreach ($tickets as $ticket_identifier) {
-            $spaces_allocated = $this->calculateAvailableSpacesForTicket(
-                $datetime_identifier,
-                $reg_limit,
-                $ticket_identifier,
-                $spaces_allocated
-            );
-        }
-        // spaces can't be negative
-        $spaces_allocated = max($spaces_allocated, 0);
-        if ($spaces_allocated) {
-            // track any non-zero values
-            $this->total_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] += $spaces_allocated;
-            if ($this->debug) {
-                EEH_Debug_Tools::printr((string) $spaces_allocated, ' . $spaces_allocated: ', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-            }
-        } else {
-            if ($this->debug) {
-                EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(' ', ' . NO TICKETS AVAILABLE FOR DATETIME', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-            }
-        }
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                $this->total_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ],
-                '$total_spaces',
-                __FILE__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->ticket_quantities, '$ticket_quantities', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->datetime_spaces, 'datetime_spaces', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $datetime_identifier
-     * @param int|float $reg_limit
-     * @param string $ticket_identifier
-     * @param int|float $spaces_allocated
-     * @return int|float
-     */
-    private function calculateAvailableSpacesForTicket(
-        string $datetime_identifier,
-        $reg_limit,
-        string $ticket_identifier,
-        $spaces_allocated
-    ) {
-        // make sure ticket quantity is set
-        $ticket_quantity = $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] ?? 0;
-        if ($this->debug) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr("$spaces_allocated", '$spaces_allocated', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                "$ticket_quantity",
-                "ticket $ticket_identifier quantity: ",
-                __FILE__,
-                __LINE__,
-                2
-            );
-        }
-        if ($ticket_quantity) {
-            if ($this->debug) {
-                EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                    ($spaces_allocated <= $reg_limit)
-                        ? 'true'
-                        : 'false',
-                    ' . spaces_allocated <= reg_limit = ',
-                    __FILE__,
-                    __LINE__
-                );
-            }
-            // if the datetime is NOT at full capacity yet
-            if ($spaces_allocated <= $reg_limit) {
-                // then the maximum ticket quantity we can allocate is the lowest value of either:
-                //  the number of remaining spaces for the datetime, which is the limit - spaces already taken
-                //  or the maximum ticket quantity
-                $ticket_quantity = min($reg_limit - $spaces_allocated, $ticket_quantity);
-                // adjust the available quantity in our tracking array
-                $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] -= $ticket_quantity;
-                // and increment spaces allocated for this datetime
-                $spaces_allocated += $ticket_quantity;
-                $at_capacity      = $spaces_allocated >= $reg_limit;
-                if ($this->debug) {
-                    EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                        "$ticket_quantity $ticket_identifier tickets",
-                        ' > > allocate ',
-                        __FILE__,
-                        __LINE__,
-                        3
-                    );
-                    if ($at_capacity) {
-                        EEH_Debug_Tools::printr('AT CAPACITY', " . $datetime_identifier", __FILE__, __LINE__, 3);
-                    }
-                }
-                // now adjust all other datetimes that allow access to this ticket
-                $this->adjustDatetimes(
-                    $datetime_identifier,
-                    $ticket_identifier,
-                    $ticket_quantity,
-                    $at_capacity
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $spaces_allocated;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * subtracts ticket amounts from all datetime reg limits
-     * that allow access to the ticket specified,
-     * because that ticket could be used
-     * to attend any of the datetimes it has access to
-     *
-     * @param string $datetime_identifier
-     * @param string $ticket_identifier
-     * @param bool   $at_capacity
-     * @param int|float $ticket_quantity
-     */
-    private function adjustDatetimes(
-        string $datetime_identifier,
-        string $ticket_identifier,
-        $ticket_quantity,
-        bool $at_capacity
-    ) {
-        /** @var array $datetime_tickets */
-        foreach ($this->datetime_tickets as $datetime_ID => $datetime_tickets) {
-            if ($datetime_ID !== $datetime_identifier || ! is_array($datetime_tickets)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            $adjusted = $this->adjustDatetimeSpaces(
-                $datetime_ID,
-                $ticket_identifier,
-                $ticket_quantity
-            );
-            // skip to next ticket if nothing changed
-            if (! ($adjusted || $at_capacity)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // then all of it's tickets are now unavailable
-            foreach ($datetime_tickets as $datetime_ticket) {
-                if (
-                    ($ticket_identifier === $datetime_ticket || $at_capacity)
-                    && isset($this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ])
-                    && $this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ] > 0
-                ) {
-                    if ($this->debug) {
-                        EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                            $datetime_ticket,
-                            ' . . . adjust ticket quantities for',
-                            __FILE__,
-                            __LINE__
-                        );
-                    }
-                    // if this datetime is at full capacity, set any tracked available quantities to zero
-                    // otherwise just subtract the ticket quantity
-                    $new_quantity = $at_capacity
-                        ? 0
-                        : $this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ] - $ticket_quantity;
-                    // don't let ticket quantity go below zero
-                    $this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ] = max($new_quantity, 0);
-                    if ($this->debug) {
-                        EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                            $at_capacity
-                                ? "0 because Datetime $datetime_identifier is at capacity"
-                                : "{$this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ]}",
-                            " . . . . $datetime_ticket quantity set to ",
-                            __FILE__,
-                            __LINE__
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-                // but we also need to adjust spaces for any other datetimes this ticket has access to
-                if ($datetime_ticket === $ticket_identifier) {
-                    if (
-                        isset($this->ticket_datetimes[ $datetime_ticket ])
-                        && is_array($this->ticket_datetimes[ $datetime_ticket ])
-                    ) {
-                        if ($this->debug) {
-                            EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                                $datetime_ticket,
-                                ' . . adjust other Datetimes for',
-                                __FILE__,
-                                __LINE__
-                            );
-                        }
-                        foreach ($this->ticket_datetimes[ $datetime_ticket ] as $datetime) {
-                            // don't adjust the current datetime twice
-                            if ($datetime !== $datetime_identifier) {
-                                $this->adjustDatetimeSpaces(
-                                    $datetime,
-                                    $datetime_ticket,
-                                    $ticket_quantity
-                                );
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $datetime_identifier
-     * @param string $ticket_identifier
-     * @param int|float $ticket_quantity
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    private function adjustDatetimeSpaces(
-        string $datetime_identifier,
-        string $ticket_identifier,
-        $ticket_quantity = 0
-    ): bool {
-        // does datetime have spaces available?
-        // and does the supplied ticket have access to this datetime ?
-        if (
-            $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] > 0
-            && isset($this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ], $this->datetime_tickets[ $datetime_identifier ])
-            && in_array($ticket_identifier, $this->datetime_tickets[ $datetime_identifier ], true)
-        ) {
-            if ($this->debug) {
-                EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($datetime_identifier, ' . . adjust Datetime Spaces for', __FILE__, __LINE__);
-                EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                    "{$this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ]}",
-                    " . . current  $datetime_identifier spaces available",
-                    __FILE__,
-                    __LINE__
-                );
-            }
-            // then decrement the available spaces for the datetime
-            $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] -= $ticket_quantity;
-            // but don't let quantities go below zero
-            $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] = max(
-                $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ],
-                0
-            );
-            if ($this->debug) {
-                EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                    "$ticket_quantity",
-                    " . . . $datetime_identifier capacity reduced by",
-                    __FILE__,
-                    __LINE__
-                );
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Event $event
+	 */
+	private $event;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var array $datetime_query_params
+	 */
+	private $datetime_query_params;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Ticket[] $active_tickets
+	 */
+	private $active_tickets = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Datetime[] $datetimes
+	 */
+	private $datetimes = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * Array of Ticket IDs grouped by Datetime
+	 *
+	 * @var array $datetimes
+	 */
+	private $datetime_tickets = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * Max spaces for each Datetime (reg limit - previous sold)
+	 *
+	 * @var array $datetime_spaces
+	 */
+	private $datetime_spaces = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * Array of Datetime IDs grouped by Ticket
+	 *
+	 * @var array[] $ticket_datetimes
+	 */
+	private $ticket_datetimes = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * maximum ticket quantities for each ticket (adjusted for reg limit)
+	 *
+	 * @var array $ticket_quantities
+	 */
+	private $ticket_quantities = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * total quantity of sold and reserved for each ticket
+	 *
+	 * @var array $tickets_sold
+	 */
+	private $tickets_sold = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * total spaces available across all datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @var array $total_spaces
+	 */
+	private $total_spaces = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean $debug
+	 */
+	private $debug = false; // true false
+
+	/**
+	 * @var int|float|null $spaces_remaining
+	 */
+	private $spaces_remaining;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var int|float|null $total_spaces_available
+	 */
+	private $total_spaces_available;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * EventSpacesCalculator constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Event $event
+	 * @param array    $datetime_query_params
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function __construct(EE_Event $event, array $datetime_query_params = [])
+	{
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 1);
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr((string) $event->ID(), 'For event', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+		}
+		$this->event                 = $event;
+		$this->datetime_query_params = $datetime_query_params + ['order_by' => ['DTT_reg_limit' => 'ASC']];
+		$this->setHooks();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	private function setHooks()
+	{
+		add_action('AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_sold', [$this, 'clearResults']);
+		add_action('AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_sold', [$this, 'clearResults']);
+		add_action('AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_sold', [$this, 'clearResults']);
+		add_action('AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_sold', [$this, 'clearResults']);
+		add_action('AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_reserved', [$this, 'clearResults']);
+		add_action('AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_reserved', [$this, 'clearResults']);
+		add_action('AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_reserved', [$this, 'clearResults']);
+		add_action('AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_reserved', [$this, 'clearResults']);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function clearResults()
+	{
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 1);
+		}
+		$this->spaces_remaining       = null;
+		$this->total_spaces_available = null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function getActiveTickets(): array
+	{
+		if (empty($this->active_tickets)) {
+			$this->active_tickets = $this->event->tickets(
+				[
+					['TKT_deleted' => false],
+					'order_by' => ['TKT_qty' => 'ASC'],
+				]
+			);
+		}
+		return $this->active_tickets;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Ticket[] $active_tickets
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function setActiveTickets(array $active_tickets = [])
+	{
+		if (! empty($active_tickets)) {
+			foreach ($active_tickets as $active_ticket) {
+				$this->validateTicket($active_ticket);
+			}
+			// sort incoming array by ticket quantity (asc)
+			usort(
+				$active_tickets,
+				function (EE_Ticket $a, EE_Ticket $b) {
+					if ($a->qty() === $b->qty()) {
+						return 0;
+					}
+					return ($a->qty() < $b->qty())
+						? -1
+						: 1;
+				}
+			);
+		}
+		$this->active_tickets = $active_tickets;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $ticket
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function validateTicket($ticket)
+	{
+		if (! $ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
+			throw new DomainException(
+				esc_html__(
+					'Invalid Ticket. Only EE_Ticket objects can be used to calculate event space availability.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($ticket->get_event_ID() !== $this->event->ID()) {
+			throw new DomainException(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'An EE_Ticket for Event %1$d was supplied while calculating event space availability for Event %2$d.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$ticket->get_event_ID(),
+					$this->event->ID()
+				)
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EE_Datetime[]
+	 */
+	public function getDatetimes(): array
+	{
+		return $this->datetimes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Datetime $datetime
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function setDatetime(EE_Datetime $datetime)
+	{
+		if ($datetime->event()->ID() !== $this->event->ID()) {
+			throw new DomainException(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'An EE_Datetime for Event %1$d was supplied while calculating event space availability for Event %2$d.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$datetime->event()->ID(),
+					$this->event->ID()
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$this->datetimes[ $datetime->ID() ] = $datetime;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * calculate spaces remaining based on "saleable" tickets
+	 *
+	 * @return int|float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function spacesRemaining()
+	{
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 2);
+		}
+		if ($this->spaces_remaining === null) {
+			$this->initialize();
+			$this->spaces_remaining = $this->calculate();
+		}
+		return $this->spaces_remaining;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * calculates total available spaces for an event with no regard for sold tickets
+	 *
+	 * @return int|float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function totalSpacesAvailable()
+	{
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 2);
+		}
+		if ($this->total_spaces_available === null) {
+			$this->initialize();
+			$this->total_spaces_available = $this->calculate(false);
+		}
+		return $this->total_spaces_available;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Loops through the active tickets for the event
+	 * and builds a series of data arrays that will be used for calculating
+	 * the total maximum available spaces, as well as the spaces remaining.
+	 * Because ticket quantities affect datetime spaces and vice versa,
+	 * we need to be constantly updating these data arrays as things change,
+	 * which is the entire reason for their existence.
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function initialize()
+	{
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 2);
+		}
+		$this->datetime_tickets  = [];
+		$this->datetime_spaces   = [];
+		$this->ticket_datetimes  = [];
+		$this->ticket_quantities = [];
+		$this->tickets_sold      = [];
+		$this->total_spaces      = [];
+		$active_tickets          = $this->getActiveTickets();
+		if (! empty($active_tickets)) {
+			foreach ($active_tickets as $ticket) {
+				$this->validateTicket($ticket);
+				// we need to index our data arrays using strings for the purpose of sorting,
+				// but we also need them to be unique, so  we'll just prepend a letter T to the ID
+				$ticket_identifier = "T{$ticket->ID()}";
+				// to start, we'll just consider the raw qty to be the maximum availability for this ticket,
+				// unless the ticket is past its "sell until" date, in which case the qty will be 0
+				$max_tickets = $ticket->is_expired() ? 0 : $ticket->qty();
+				// but we'll adjust that after looping over each datetime for the ticket and checking reg limits
+				$ticket_datetimes = $ticket->datetimes($this->datetime_query_params);
+				foreach ($ticket_datetimes as $datetime) {
+					// save all datetimes
+					$this->setDatetime($datetime);
+					$datetime_identifier = "D{$datetime->ID()}";
+					$reg_limit           = $datetime->reg_limit();
+					// ticket quantity can not exceed datetime reg limit
+					$max_tickets = min($max_tickets, $reg_limit);
+					// as described earlier, because we need to be able to constantly adjust numbers for things,
+					// we are going to move all of our data into the following arrays:
+					// datetime spaces initially represents the reg limit for each datetime,
+					// but this will get adjusted as tickets are accounted for
+					$this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] = $reg_limit;
+					// just an array of ticket IDs grouped by datetime
+					$this->datetime_tickets[ $datetime_identifier ][] = $ticket_identifier;
+					// and an array of datetime IDs grouped by ticket
+					$this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ][] = $datetime_identifier;
+				}
+				// total quantity of sold and reserved for each ticket
+				$this->tickets_sold[ $ticket_identifier ] = $ticket->sold() + $ticket->reserved();
+				// and the maximum ticket quantities for each ticket (adjusted for reg limit)
+				$this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] = $max_tickets;
+			}
+		}
+		// sort datetime spaces by reg limit, but maintain our string indexes
+		asort($this->datetime_spaces, SORT_NUMERIC);
+		// datetime tickets need to be sorted in the SAME order as the above array...
+		// so we'll just use array_merge() to take the structure of datetime_spaces
+		// but overwrite all of the data with that from datetime_tickets
+		$this->datetime_tickets = array_merge(
+			$this->datetime_spaces,
+			$this->datetime_tickets
+		);
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->datetime_spaces, 'datetime_spaces', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->datetime_tickets, 'datetime_tickets', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->ticket_quantities, 'ticket_quantities', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * performs calculations on initialized data
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $consider_sold
+	 * @return int|float
+	 */
+	private function calculate(bool $consider_sold = true)
+	{
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 2);
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($consider_sold, '$consider_sold', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+		}
+		if ($consider_sold) {
+			// subtract amounts sold from all ticket quantities and datetime spaces
+			$this->adjustTicketQuantitiesDueToSales();
+		}
+		foreach ($this->datetime_tickets as $datetime_identifier => $tickets) {
+			$this->trackAvailableSpacesForDatetimes($datetime_identifier, $tickets);
+		}
+		// total spaces available is just the sum of the spaces available for each datetime
+		$spaces_remaining = array_sum($this->total_spaces);
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->total_spaces, '$this->total_spaces', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->tickets_sold, '$this->tickets_sold', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($spaces_remaining, '$spaces_remaining', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+		}
+		return $spaces_remaining;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * subtracts amount of  tickets sold from ticket quantities and datetime spaces
+	 */
+	private function adjustTicketQuantitiesDueToSales()
+	{
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 2);
+		}
+		foreach ($this->tickets_sold as $ticket_identifier => $tickets_sold) {
+			if (isset($this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ])) {
+				$this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] -= $tickets_sold;
+				// don't let values go below zero
+				$this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] = max(
+					$this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ],
+					0
+				);
+				if ($this->debug) {
+					EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+						"$tickets_sold sales for ticket $ticket_identifier ",
+						'subtracting',
+						__FILE__,
+						__LINE__
+					);
+				}
+			}
+			if (
+				isset($this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ])
+				&& is_array($this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ])
+			) {
+				foreach ($this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ] as $ticket_datetime) {
+					if (isset($this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ])) {
+						$this->datetime_spaces[ $ticket_datetime ] -= $tickets_sold;
+						// don't let values go below zero
+						$this->datetime_spaces[ $ticket_datetime ] = max(
+							$this->datetime_spaces[ $ticket_datetime ],
+							0
+						);
+						if ($this->debug) {
+							EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+								"$tickets_sold sales for datetime $ticket_datetime ",
+								'subtracting',
+								__FILE__,
+								__LINE__
+							);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $datetime_identifier
+	 * @param array  $tickets
+	 */
+	private function trackAvailableSpacesForDatetimes(string $datetime_identifier, array $tickets)
+	{
+		// make sure a reg limit is set for the datetime
+		$reg_limit = $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] ?? 0;
+		// and bail if it is not
+		if (! $reg_limit) {
+			if ($this->debug) {
+				EEH_Debug_Tools::printr('AT CAPACITY', " . $datetime_identifier", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($datetime_identifier, '* $datetime_identifier', __FILE__, __LINE__, 1);
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+				"$reg_limit",
+				'REG LIMIT',
+				__FILE__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+		}
+		// number of allocated spaces always starts at zero
+		$spaces_allocated                           = 0;
+		$this->total_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] = 0;
+		foreach ($tickets as $ticket_identifier) {
+			$spaces_allocated = $this->calculateAvailableSpacesForTicket(
+				$datetime_identifier,
+				$reg_limit,
+				$ticket_identifier,
+				$spaces_allocated
+			);
+		}
+		// spaces can't be negative
+		$spaces_allocated = max($spaces_allocated, 0);
+		if ($spaces_allocated) {
+			// track any non-zero values
+			$this->total_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] += $spaces_allocated;
+			if ($this->debug) {
+				EEH_Debug_Tools::printr((string) $spaces_allocated, ' . $spaces_allocated: ', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+			}
+		} else {
+			if ($this->debug) {
+				EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(' ', ' . NO TICKETS AVAILABLE FOR DATETIME', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+			}
+		}
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+				$this->total_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ],
+				'$total_spaces',
+				__FILE__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->ticket_quantities, '$ticket_quantities', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($this->datetime_spaces, 'datetime_spaces', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $datetime_identifier
+	 * @param int|float $reg_limit
+	 * @param string $ticket_identifier
+	 * @param int|float $spaces_allocated
+	 * @return int|float
+	 */
+	private function calculateAvailableSpacesForTicket(
+		string $datetime_identifier,
+		$reg_limit,
+		string $ticket_identifier,
+		$spaces_allocated
+	) {
+		// make sure ticket quantity is set
+		$ticket_quantity = $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] ?? 0;
+		if ($this->debug) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr("$spaces_allocated", '$spaces_allocated', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+				"$ticket_quantity",
+				"ticket $ticket_identifier quantity: ",
+				__FILE__,
+				__LINE__,
+				2
+			);
+		}
+		if ($ticket_quantity) {
+			if ($this->debug) {
+				EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+					($spaces_allocated <= $reg_limit)
+						? 'true'
+						: 'false',
+					' . spaces_allocated <= reg_limit = ',
+					__FILE__,
+					__LINE__
+				);
+			}
+			// if the datetime is NOT at full capacity yet
+			if ($spaces_allocated <= $reg_limit) {
+				// then the maximum ticket quantity we can allocate is the lowest value of either:
+				//  the number of remaining spaces for the datetime, which is the limit - spaces already taken
+				//  or the maximum ticket quantity
+				$ticket_quantity = min($reg_limit - $spaces_allocated, $ticket_quantity);
+				// adjust the available quantity in our tracking array
+				$this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] -= $ticket_quantity;
+				// and increment spaces allocated for this datetime
+				$spaces_allocated += $ticket_quantity;
+				$at_capacity      = $spaces_allocated >= $reg_limit;
+				if ($this->debug) {
+					EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+						"$ticket_quantity $ticket_identifier tickets",
+						' > > allocate ',
+						__FILE__,
+						__LINE__,
+						3
+					);
+					if ($at_capacity) {
+						EEH_Debug_Tools::printr('AT CAPACITY', " . $datetime_identifier", __FILE__, __LINE__, 3);
+					}
+				}
+				// now adjust all other datetimes that allow access to this ticket
+				$this->adjustDatetimes(
+					$datetime_identifier,
+					$ticket_identifier,
+					$ticket_quantity,
+					$at_capacity
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $spaces_allocated;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * subtracts ticket amounts from all datetime reg limits
+	 * that allow access to the ticket specified,
+	 * because that ticket could be used
+	 * to attend any of the datetimes it has access to
+	 *
+	 * @param string $datetime_identifier
+	 * @param string $ticket_identifier
+	 * @param bool   $at_capacity
+	 * @param int|float $ticket_quantity
+	 */
+	private function adjustDatetimes(
+		string $datetime_identifier,
+		string $ticket_identifier,
+		$ticket_quantity,
+		bool $at_capacity
+	) {
+		/** @var array $datetime_tickets */
+		foreach ($this->datetime_tickets as $datetime_ID => $datetime_tickets) {
+			if ($datetime_ID !== $datetime_identifier || ! is_array($datetime_tickets)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$adjusted = $this->adjustDatetimeSpaces(
+				$datetime_ID,
+				$ticket_identifier,
+				$ticket_quantity
+			);
+			// skip to next ticket if nothing changed
+			if (! ($adjusted || $at_capacity)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			// then all of it's tickets are now unavailable
+			foreach ($datetime_tickets as $datetime_ticket) {
+				if (
+					($ticket_identifier === $datetime_ticket || $at_capacity)
+					&& isset($this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ])
+					&& $this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ] > 0
+				) {
+					if ($this->debug) {
+						EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+							$datetime_ticket,
+							' . . . adjust ticket quantities for',
+							__FILE__,
+							__LINE__
+						);
+					}
+					// if this datetime is at full capacity, set any tracked available quantities to zero
+					// otherwise just subtract the ticket quantity
+					$new_quantity = $at_capacity
+						? 0
+						: $this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ] - $ticket_quantity;
+					// don't let ticket quantity go below zero
+					$this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ] = max($new_quantity, 0);
+					if ($this->debug) {
+						EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+							$at_capacity
+								? "0 because Datetime $datetime_identifier is at capacity"
+								: "{$this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ]}",
+							" . . . . $datetime_ticket quantity set to ",
+							__FILE__,
+							__LINE__
+						);
+					}
+				}
+				// but we also need to adjust spaces for any other datetimes this ticket has access to
+				if ($datetime_ticket === $ticket_identifier) {
+					if (
+						isset($this->ticket_datetimes[ $datetime_ticket ])
+						&& is_array($this->ticket_datetimes[ $datetime_ticket ])
+					) {
+						if ($this->debug) {
+							EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+								$datetime_ticket,
+								' . . adjust other Datetimes for',
+								__FILE__,
+								__LINE__
+							);
+						}
+						foreach ($this->ticket_datetimes[ $datetime_ticket ] as $datetime) {
+							// don't adjust the current datetime twice
+							if ($datetime !== $datetime_identifier) {
+								$this->adjustDatetimeSpaces(
+									$datetime,
+									$datetime_ticket,
+									$ticket_quantity
+								);
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $datetime_identifier
+	 * @param string $ticket_identifier
+	 * @param int|float $ticket_quantity
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	private function adjustDatetimeSpaces(
+		string $datetime_identifier,
+		string $ticket_identifier,
+		$ticket_quantity = 0
+	): bool {
+		// does datetime have spaces available?
+		// and does the supplied ticket have access to this datetime ?
+		if (
+			$this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] > 0
+			&& isset($this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ], $this->datetime_tickets[ $datetime_identifier ])
+			&& in_array($ticket_identifier, $this->datetime_tickets[ $datetime_identifier ], true)
+		) {
+			if ($this->debug) {
+				EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($datetime_identifier, ' . . adjust Datetime Spaces for', __FILE__, __LINE__);
+				EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+					"{$this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ]}",
+					" . . current  $datetime_identifier spaces available",
+					__FILE__,
+					__LINE__
+				);
+			}
+			// then decrement the available spaces for the datetime
+			$this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] -= $ticket_quantity;
+			// but don't let quantities go below zero
+			$this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] = max(
+				$this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ],
+				0
+			);
+			if ($this->debug) {
+				EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
+					"$ticket_quantity",
+					" . . . $datetime_identifier capacity reduced by",
+					__FILE__,
+					__LINE__
+				);
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
 }

Spacing +45 added lines, -45 removed lines

@@ -185,14 +185,14 @@ 
      */
     public function setActiveTickets(array $active_tickets = [])
     {
-        if (! empty($active_tickets)) {
+        if ( ! empty($active_tickets)) {
             foreach ($active_tickets as $active_ticket) {
                 $this->validateTicket($active_ticket);
             }
             // sort incoming array by ticket quantity (asc)
             usort(
                 $active_tickets,
-                function (EE_Ticket $a, EE_Ticket $b) {
+                function(EE_Ticket $a, EE_Ticket $b) {
                     if ($a->qty() === $b->qty()) {
                         return 0;
                     }
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ 
      */
     private function validateTicket($ticket)
     {
-        if (! $ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
+        if ( ! $ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
             throw new DomainException(
                 esc_html__(
                     'Invalid Ticket. Only EE_Ticket objects can be used to calculate event space availability.',
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ 
                 )
             );
         }
-        $this->datetimes[ $datetime->ID() ] = $datetime;
+        $this->datetimes[$datetime->ID()] = $datetime;
     }
 
 
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ 
         $this->tickets_sold      = [];
         $this->total_spaces      = [];
         $active_tickets          = $this->getActiveTickets();
-        if (! empty($active_tickets)) {
+        if ( ! empty($active_tickets)) {
             foreach ($active_tickets as $ticket) {
                 $this->validateTicket($ticket);
                 // we need to index our data arrays using strings for the purpose of sorting,
@@ -371,16 +371,16 @@ 
                     // we are going to move all of our data into the following arrays:
                     // datetime spaces initially represents the reg limit for each datetime,
                     // but this will get adjusted as tickets are accounted for
-                    $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] = $reg_limit;
+                    $this->datetime_spaces[$datetime_identifier] = $reg_limit;
                     // just an array of ticket IDs grouped by datetime
-                    $this->datetime_tickets[ $datetime_identifier ][] = $ticket_identifier;
+                    $this->datetime_tickets[$datetime_identifier][] = $ticket_identifier;
                     // and an array of datetime IDs grouped by ticket
-                    $this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ][] = $datetime_identifier;
+                    $this->ticket_datetimes[$ticket_identifier][] = $datetime_identifier;
                 }
                 // total quantity of sold and reserved for each ticket
-                $this->tickets_sold[ $ticket_identifier ] = $ticket->sold() + $ticket->reserved();
+                $this->tickets_sold[$ticket_identifier] = $ticket->sold() + $ticket->reserved();
                 // and the maximum ticket quantities for each ticket (adjusted for reg limit)
-                $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] = $max_tickets;
+                $this->ticket_quantities[$ticket_identifier] = $max_tickets;
             }
         }
         // sort datetime spaces by reg limit, but maintain our string indexes
@@ -439,11 +439,11 @@ 
             EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(__FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __FILE__, __LINE__, 2);
         }
         foreach ($this->tickets_sold as $ticket_identifier => $tickets_sold) {
-            if (isset($this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ])) {
-                $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] -= $tickets_sold;
+            if (isset($this->ticket_quantities[$ticket_identifier])) {
+                $this->ticket_quantities[$ticket_identifier] -= $tickets_sold;
                 // don't let values go below zero
-                $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] = max(
-                    $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ],
+                $this->ticket_quantities[$ticket_identifier] = max(
+                    $this->ticket_quantities[$ticket_identifier],
                     0
                 );
                 if ($this->debug) {
@@ -456,15 +456,15 @@ 
                 }
             }
             if (
-                isset($this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ])
-                && is_array($this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ])
+                isset($this->ticket_datetimes[$ticket_identifier])
+                && is_array($this->ticket_datetimes[$ticket_identifier])
             ) {
-                foreach ($this->ticket_datetimes[ $ticket_identifier ] as $ticket_datetime) {
-                    if (isset($this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ])) {
-                        $this->datetime_spaces[ $ticket_datetime ] -= $tickets_sold;
+                foreach ($this->ticket_datetimes[$ticket_identifier] as $ticket_datetime) {
+                    if (isset($this->ticket_quantities[$ticket_identifier])) {
+                        $this->datetime_spaces[$ticket_datetime] -= $tickets_sold;
                         // don't let values go below zero
-                        $this->datetime_spaces[ $ticket_datetime ] = max(
-                            $this->datetime_spaces[ $ticket_datetime ],
+                        $this->datetime_spaces[$ticket_datetime] = max(
+                            $this->datetime_spaces[$ticket_datetime],
                             0
                         );
                         if ($this->debug) {
@@ -489,9 +489,9 @@ 
     private function trackAvailableSpacesForDatetimes(string $datetime_identifier, array $tickets)
     {
         // make sure a reg limit is set for the datetime
-        $reg_limit = $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] ?? 0;
+        $reg_limit = $this->datetime_spaces[$datetime_identifier] ?? 0;
         // and bail if it is not
-        if (! $reg_limit) {
+        if ( ! $reg_limit) {
             if ($this->debug) {
                 EEH_Debug_Tools::printr('AT CAPACITY', " . $datetime_identifier", __FILE__, __LINE__);
             }
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ 
         }
         // number of allocated spaces always starts at zero
         $spaces_allocated                           = 0;
-        $this->total_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] = 0;
+        $this->total_spaces[$datetime_identifier] = 0;
         foreach ($tickets as $ticket_identifier) {
             $spaces_allocated = $this->calculateAvailableSpacesForTicket(
                 $datetime_identifier,
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ 
         $spaces_allocated = max($spaces_allocated, 0);
         if ($spaces_allocated) {
             // track any non-zero values
-            $this->total_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] += $spaces_allocated;
+            $this->total_spaces[$datetime_identifier] += $spaces_allocated;
             if ($this->debug) {
                 EEH_Debug_Tools::printr((string) $spaces_allocated, ' . $spaces_allocated: ', __FILE__, __LINE__);
             }
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ 
         }
         if ($this->debug) {
             EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                $this->total_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ],
+                $this->total_spaces[$datetime_identifier],
                 '$total_spaces',
                 __FILE__,
                 __LINE__
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ 
         $spaces_allocated
     ) {
         // make sure ticket quantity is set
-        $ticket_quantity = $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] ?? 0;
+        $ticket_quantity = $this->ticket_quantities[$ticket_identifier] ?? 0;
         if ($this->debug) {
             EEH_Debug_Tools::printr("$spaces_allocated", '$spaces_allocated', __FILE__, __LINE__);
             EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
@@ -586,10 +586,10 @@ 
                 //  or the maximum ticket quantity
                 $ticket_quantity = min($reg_limit - $spaces_allocated, $ticket_quantity);
                 // adjust the available quantity in our tracking array
-                $this->ticket_quantities[ $ticket_identifier ] -= $ticket_quantity;
+                $this->ticket_quantities[$ticket_identifier] -= $ticket_quantity;
                 // and increment spaces allocated for this datetime
                 $spaces_allocated += $ticket_quantity;
-                $at_capacity      = $spaces_allocated >= $reg_limit;
+                $at_capacity = $spaces_allocated >= $reg_limit;
                 if ($this->debug) {
                     EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
                         "$ticket_quantity $ticket_identifier tickets",
@@ -643,15 +643,15 @@ 
                 $ticket_quantity
             );
             // skip to next ticket if nothing changed
-            if (! ($adjusted || $at_capacity)) {
+            if ( ! ($adjusted || $at_capacity)) {
                 continue;
             }
             // then all of it's tickets are now unavailable
             foreach ($datetime_tickets as $datetime_ticket) {
                 if (
                     ($ticket_identifier === $datetime_ticket || $at_capacity)
-                    && isset($this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ])
-                    && $this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ] > 0
+                    && isset($this->ticket_quantities[$datetime_ticket])
+                    && $this->ticket_quantities[$datetime_ticket] > 0
                 ) {
                     if ($this->debug) {
                         EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
@@ -665,14 +665,14 @@ 
                     // otherwise just subtract the ticket quantity
                     $new_quantity = $at_capacity
                         ? 0
-                        : $this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ] - $ticket_quantity;
+                        : $this->ticket_quantities[$datetime_ticket] - $ticket_quantity;
                     // don't let ticket quantity go below zero
-                    $this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ] = max($new_quantity, 0);
+                    $this->ticket_quantities[$datetime_ticket] = max($new_quantity, 0);
                     if ($this->debug) {
                         EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
                             $at_capacity
                                 ? "0 because Datetime $datetime_identifier is at capacity"
-                                : "{$this->ticket_quantities[ $datetime_ticket ]}",
+                                : "{$this->ticket_quantities[$datetime_ticket]}",
                             " . . . . $datetime_ticket quantity set to ",
                             __FILE__,
                             __LINE__
@@ -682,8 +682,8 @@ 
                 // but we also need to adjust spaces for any other datetimes this ticket has access to
                 if ($datetime_ticket === $ticket_identifier) {
                     if (
-                        isset($this->ticket_datetimes[ $datetime_ticket ])
-                        && is_array($this->ticket_datetimes[ $datetime_ticket ])
+                        isset($this->ticket_datetimes[$datetime_ticket])
+                        && is_array($this->ticket_datetimes[$datetime_ticket])
                     ) {
                         if ($this->debug) {
                             EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ 
                                 __LINE__
                             );
                         }
-                        foreach ($this->ticket_datetimes[ $datetime_ticket ] as $datetime) {
+                        foreach ($this->ticket_datetimes[$datetime_ticket] as $datetime) {
                             // don't adjust the current datetime twice
                             if ($datetime !== $datetime_identifier) {
                                 $this->adjustDatetimeSpaces(
@@ -724,24 +724,24 @@ 
         // does datetime have spaces available?
         // and does the supplied ticket have access to this datetime ?
         if (
-            $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] > 0
-            && isset($this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ], $this->datetime_tickets[ $datetime_identifier ])
-            && in_array($ticket_identifier, $this->datetime_tickets[ $datetime_identifier ], true)
+            $this->datetime_spaces[$datetime_identifier] > 0
+            && isset($this->datetime_spaces[$datetime_identifier], $this->datetime_tickets[$datetime_identifier])
+            && in_array($ticket_identifier, $this->datetime_tickets[$datetime_identifier], true)
         ) {
             if ($this->debug) {
                 EEH_Debug_Tools::printr($datetime_identifier, ' . . adjust Datetime Spaces for', __FILE__, __LINE__);
                 EEH_Debug_Tools::printr(
-                    "{$this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ]}",
+                    "{$this->datetime_spaces[$datetime_identifier]}",
                     " . . current  $datetime_identifier spaces available",
                     __FILE__,
                     __LINE__
                 );
             }
             // then decrement the available spaces for the datetime
-            $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] -= $ticket_quantity;
+            $this->datetime_spaces[$datetime_identifier] -= $ticket_quantity;
             // but don't let quantities go below zero
-            $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ] = max(
-                $this->datetime_spaces[ $datetime_identifier ],
+            $this->datetime_spaces[$datetime_identifier] = max(
+                $this->datetime_spaces[$datetime_identifier],
                 0
             );
             if ($this->debug) {

core/db_models/EEM_Event.model.php

Indentation +964 added lines, -964 removed lines

@@ -13,968 +13,968 @@
  */
 class EEM_Event extends EEM_CPT_Base
 {
-    /**
-     * constant used by status(), indicating that no more tickets can be purchased for any of the datetimes for the
-     * event
-     */
-    const sold_out = 'sold_out';
-
-    /**
-     * constant used by status(), indicating that upcoming event dates have been postponed (may be pushed to a later
-     * date)
-     */
-    const postponed = 'postponed';
-
-    /**
-     * constant used by status(), indicating that the event will no longer occur
-     */
-    const cancelled = 'cancelled';
-
-
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected static $_default_reg_status;
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is the default for the additional limit field.
-     * @var int
-     */
-    protected static $_default_additional_limit = 10;
-
-
-    /**
-     * private instance of the Event object
-     *
-     * @var EEM_Event
-     */
-    protected static $_instance;
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a relationship to Term_Taxonomy for each CPT_Base
-     *
-     * @param string $timezone
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function __construct($timezone = null)
-    {
-        EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Registration');
-        $this->singular_item = esc_html__('Event', 'event_espresso');
-        $this->plural_item = esc_html__('Events', 'event_espresso');
-        // to remove Cancelled events from the frontend, copy the following filter to your functions.php file
-        // add_filter( 'AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__cancelled__Public', '__return_false' );
-        // to remove Postponed events from the frontend, copy the following filter to your functions.php file
-        // add_filter( 'AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__postponed__Public', '__return_false' );
-        // to remove Sold Out events from the frontend, copy the following filter to your functions.php file
-        //  add_filter( 'AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__sold_out__Public', '__return_false' );
-        $this->_custom_stati = apply_filters(
-            'AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati',
-            array(
-                EEM_Event::cancelled => array(
-                    'label'  => esc_html__('Cancelled', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'public' => apply_filters('AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__cancelled__Public', true),
-                ),
-                EEM_Event::postponed => array(
-                    'label'  => esc_html__('Postponed', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'public' => apply_filters('AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__postponed__Public', true),
-                ),
-                EEM_Event::sold_out  => array(
-                    'label'  => esc_html__('Sold Out', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'public' => apply_filters('AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__sold_out__Public', true),
-                ),
-            )
-        );
-        self::$_default_reg_status = empty(self::$_default_reg_status)
-            ? EEM_Registration::status_id_pending_payment
-            : self::$_default_reg_status;
-        $this->_tables = array(
-            'Event_CPT'  => new EE_Primary_Table('posts', 'ID'),
-            'Event_Meta' => new EE_Secondary_Table('esp_event_meta', 'EVTM_ID', 'EVT_ID'),
-        );
-        $this->_fields = array(
-            'Event_CPT'  => array(
-                'EVT_ID'         => new EE_Primary_Key_Int_Field(
-                    'ID',
-                    esc_html__('Post ID for Event', 'event_espresso')
-                ),
-                'EVT_name'       => new EE_Plain_Text_Field(
-                    'post_title',
-                    esc_html__('Event Name', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    ''
-                ),
-                'EVT_desc'       => new EE_Post_Content_Field(
-                    'post_content',
-                    esc_html__('Event Description', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    ''
-                ),
-                'EVT_slug'       => new EE_Slug_Field(
-                    'post_name',
-                    esc_html__('Event Slug', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    ''
-                ),
-                'EVT_created'    => new EE_Datetime_Field(
-                    'post_date',
-                    esc_html__('Date/Time Event Created', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    EE_Datetime_Field::now
-                ),
-                'EVT_short_desc' => new EE_Simple_HTML_Field(
-                    'post_excerpt',
-                    esc_html__('Event Short Description', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    ''
-                ),
-                'EVT_modified'   => new EE_Datetime_Field(
-                    'post_modified',
-                    esc_html__('Date/Time Event Modified', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    EE_Datetime_Field::now
-                ),
-                'EVT_wp_user'    => new EE_WP_User_Field(
-                    'post_author',
-                    esc_html__('Event Creator ID', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false
-                ),
-                'parent'         => new EE_Integer_Field(
-                    'post_parent',
-                    esc_html__('Event Parent ID', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    0
-                ),
-                'EVT_order'      => new EE_Integer_Field(
-                    'menu_order',
-                    esc_html__('Event Menu Order', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    1
-                ),
-                'post_type'      => new EE_WP_Post_Type_Field('espresso_events'),
-                // EE_Plain_Text_Field( 'post_type', esc_html__( 'Event Post Type', 'event_espresso' ), FALSE, 'espresso_events' ),
-                'status'         => new EE_WP_Post_Status_Field(
-                    'post_status',
-                    esc_html__('Event Status', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    'draft',
-                    $this->_custom_stati
-                ),
-                'password' => new EE_Password_Field(
-                    'post_password',
-                    esc_html__('Password', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    '',
-                    array(
-                        'EVT_desc',
-                        'EVT_short_desc',
-                        'EVT_display_desc',
-                        'EVT_display_ticket_selector',
-                        'EVT_visible_on',
-                        'EVT_additional_limit',
-                        'EVT_default_registration_status',
-                        'EVT_member_only',
-                        'EVT_phone',
-                        'EVT_allow_overflow',
-                        'EVT_timezone_string',
-                        'EVT_external_URL',
-                        'EVT_donations'
-                    )
-                )
-            ),
-            'Event_Meta' => array(
-                'EVTM_ID'                         => new EE_DB_Only_Float_Field(
-                    'EVTM_ID',
-                    esc_html__('Event Meta Row ID', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false
-                ),
-                'EVT_ID_fk'                       => new EE_DB_Only_Int_Field(
-                    'EVT_ID',
-                    esc_html__('Foreign key to Event ID from Event Meta table', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false
-                ),
-                'VNU_ID' => new EE_Foreign_Key_Int_Field(
-                    'VNU_ID',
-                    __('Venue ID', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    0,
-                    'Venue'
-                ),
-                'EVT_display_desc'                => new EE_Boolean_Field(
-                    'EVT_display_desc',
-                    esc_html__('Display Description Flag', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    true
-                ),
-                'EVT_display_ticket_selector'     => new EE_Boolean_Field(
-                    'EVT_display_ticket_selector',
-                    esc_html__('Display Ticket Selector Flag', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    true
-                ),
-                'EVT_visible_on'                  => new EE_Datetime_Field(
-                    'EVT_visible_on',
-                    esc_html__('Event Visible Date', 'event_espresso'),
-                    true,
-                    EE_Datetime_Field::now
-                ),
-                'EVT_additional_limit'            => new EE_Integer_Field(
-                    'EVT_additional_limit',
-                    esc_html__('Limit of Additional Registrations on Same Transaction', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    self::$_default_additional_limit
-                ),
-                'EVT_default_registration_status' => new EE_Enum_Text_Field(
-                    'EVT_default_registration_status',
-                    esc_html__('Default Registration Status on this Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    EEM_Event::$_default_reg_status,
-                    EEM_Registration::reg_status_array()
-                ),
-                'EVT_member_only'                 => new EE_Boolean_Field(
-                    'EVT_member_only',
-                    esc_html__('Member-Only Event Flag', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    false
-                ),
-                'EVT_phone'                       => new EE_Plain_Text_Field(
-                    'EVT_phone',
-                    esc_html__('Event Phone Number', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    ''
-                ),
-                'EVT_allow_overflow'              => new EE_Boolean_Field(
-                    'EVT_allow_overflow',
-                    esc_html__('Allow Overflow on Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    false
-                ),
-                'EVT_timezone_string'             => new EE_Plain_Text_Field(
-                    'EVT_timezone_string',
-                    esc_html__('Timezone (name) for Event times', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    ''
-                ),
-                'EVT_external_URL'                => new EE_Plain_Text_Field(
-                    'EVT_external_URL',
-                    esc_html__('URL of Event Page if hosted elsewhere', 'event_espresso'),
-                    true
-                ),
-                'EVT_donations'                   => new EE_Boolean_Field(
-                    'EVT_donations',
-                    esc_html__('Accept Donations?', 'event_espresso'),
-                    false,
-                    false
-                ),
-                'FSC_UUID'                        => new EE_Foreign_Key_String_Field(
-                    'FSC_UUID',
-                    esc_html__('Registration Form UUID (universally unique identifier)', 'event_espresso'),
-                    true,
-                    null,
-                    'Form_Section',
-                    false
-                ),
-            ),
-        );
-        $this->_model_relations = array(
-            'Attendee'               => new EE_HABTM_Relation('Registration'),
-            'Datetime'               => new EE_Has_Many_Relation(),
-            'Event_Question_Group'   => new EE_Has_Many_Relation(),
-            'Form_Section'           => new EE_Belongs_To_Relation(),
-            'Message_Template_Group' => new EE_HABTM_Relation('Event_Message_Template'),
-            'Question_Group'         => new EE_HABTM_Relation('Event_Question_Group'),
-            'Registration'           => new EE_Has_Many_Relation(),
-            'Term_Relationship'      => new EE_Has_Many_Relation(),
-            'Term_Taxonomy'          => new EE_HABTM_Relation('Term_Relationship'),
-            'Venue'                  => new EE_Belongs_To_Relation(),
-            'WP_User'                => new EE_Belongs_To_Relation(),
-        );
-        // this model is generally available for reading
-        $this->_cap_restriction_generators[ EEM_Base::caps_read ] = new EE_Restriction_Generator_Public();
-        $this->model_chain_to_password = '';
-        parent::__construct($timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $default_reg_status
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function set_default_reg_status($default_reg_status)
-    {
-        self::$_default_reg_status = $default_reg_status;
-        // if EEM_Event has already been instantiated,
-        // then we need to reset the `EVT_default_reg_status` field to use the new default.
-        if (self::$_instance instanceof EEM_Event) {
-            $default_reg_status = new EE_Enum_Text_Field(
-                'EVT_default_registration_status',
-                esc_html__('Default Registration Status on this Event', 'event_espresso'),
-                false,
-                $default_reg_status,
-                EEM_Registration::reg_status_array()
-            );
-            $default_reg_status->_construct_finalize(
-                'Event_Meta',
-                'EVT_default_registration_status',
-                'EEM_Event'
-            );
-            self::$_instance->_fields['Event_Meta']['EVT_default_registration_status'] = $default_reg_status;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used to override the default for the additional limit field.
-     * @param $additional_limit
-     */
-    public static function set_default_additional_limit($additional_limit)
-    {
-        self::$_default_additional_limit = (int) $additional_limit;
-        if (self::$_instance instanceof EEM_Event) {
-            self::$_instance->_fields['Event_Meta']['EVT_additional_limit'] = new EE_Integer_Field(
-                'EVT_additional_limit',
-                esc_html__('Limit of Additional Registrations on Same Transaction', 'event_espresso'),
-                false,
-                self::$_default_additional_limit
-            );
-            self::$_instance->_fields['Event_Meta']['EVT_additional_limit']->_construct_finalize(
-                'Event_Meta',
-                'EVT_additional_limit',
-                'EEM_Event'
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Return what is currently set as the default additional limit for the event.
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public static function get_default_additional_limit()
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Event__get_default_additional_limit', self::$_default_additional_limit);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get_question_groups
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_all_question_groups()
-    {
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Question_Group')->get_all(
-            array(
-                array('QSG_deleted' => false),
-                'order_by' => array('QSG_order' => 'ASC'),
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get_question_groups
-     *
-     * @param int $EVT_ID
-     * @return array|bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_all_event_question_groups($EVT_ID = 0)
-    {
-        if (! isset($EVT_ID) || ! absint($EVT_ID)) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'An error occurred. No Event Question Groups could be retrieved because an Event ID was not received.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Event_Question_Group')->get_all(
-            array(
-                array('EVT_ID' => $EVT_ID),
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get_question_groups
-     *
-     * @param int $EVT_ID
-     * @param boolean $for_primary_attendee
-     * @return array|bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function get_event_question_groups($EVT_ID = 0, $for_primary_attendee = true)
-    {
-        if (! isset($EVT_ID) || ! absint($EVT_ID)) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__(
-                    // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                    'An error occurred. No Event Question Groups could be retrieved because an Event ID was not received.',
-                    // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        $query_params = [
-            [
-                'EVT_ID' => $EVT_ID,
-                EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary_attendee) => true
-            ]
-        ];
-        if ($for_primary_attendee) {
-            $query_params[0]['EQG_primary'] = true;
-        } else {
-            $query_params[0]['EQG_additional'] = true;
-        }
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Event_Question_Group')->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get_question_groups
-     *
-     * @param int $EVT_ID
-     * @param EE_Registration $registration
-     * @return array|bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_question_groups_for_event($EVT_ID = 0, EE_Registration $registration)
-    {
-        if (! isset($EVT_ID) || ! absint($EVT_ID)) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'An error occurred. No Question Groups could be retrieved because an Event ID was not received.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Question_Group')->get_all(
-            [
-                [
-                    'Event_Question_Group.EVT_ID'      => $EVT_ID,
-                    'Event_Question_Group.'
-                        . EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext(
-                            $registration->is_primary_registrant()
-                        ) => true
-                ],
-                'order_by' => ['QSG_order' => 'ASC'],
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get_question_target_db_column
-     *
-     * @param string $QSG_IDs csv list of $QSG IDs
-     * @return array|bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_questions_in_groups($QSG_IDs = '')
-    {
-        if (empty($QSG_IDs)) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__('An error occurred. No Question Group IDs were received.', 'event_espresso'),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Question')->get_all(
-            array(
-                array(
-                    'Question_Group.QSG_ID' => array('IN', $QSG_IDs),
-                    'QST_deleted'           => false,
-                    'QST_admin_only'        => is_admin(),
-                ),
-                'order_by' => 'QST_order',
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get_options_for_question
-     *
-     * @param string $QST_IDs csv list of $QST IDs
-     * @return array|bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_options_for_question($QST_IDs)
-    {
-        if (empty($QST_IDs)) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__('An error occurred. No Question IDs were received.', 'event_espresso'),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Question_Option')->get_all(
-            array(
-                array(
-                    'Question.QST_ID' => array('IN', $QST_IDs),
-                    'QSO_deleted'     => false,
-                ),
-                'order_by' => 'QSO_ID',
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all events that are published
-     * and have event start time earlier than now and an event end time later than now
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params  An array of query params to further filter on
-     *                             (note that status and DTT_EVT_start and DTT_EVT_end will be overridden)
-     * @param bool  $count         whether to return the count or not (default FALSE)
-     * @return EE_Event[]|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_active_events($query_params, $count = false)
-    {
-        if (array_key_exists(0, $query_params)) {
-            $where_params = $query_params[0];
-            unset($query_params[0]);
-        } else {
-            $where_params = array();
-        }
-        // if we have count make sure we don't include group by
-        if ($count && isset($query_params['group_by'])) {
-            unset($query_params['group_by']);
-        }
-        // let's add specific query_params for active_events
-        // keep in mind this will override any sent status in the query AND any date queries.
-        $where_params['status'] = array('IN', array('publish', EEM_Event::sold_out));
-        // if already have where params for DTT_EVT_start or DTT_EVT_end then append these conditions
-        if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'])) {
-            $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start******'] = array(
-                '<',
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_start'),
-            );
-        } else {
-            $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = array(
-                '<',
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_start'),
-            );
-        }
-        if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'])) {
-            $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end*****'] = array(
-                '>',
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end'),
-            );
-        } else {
-            $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'] = array(
-                '>',
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end'),
-            );
-        }
-        $query_params[0] = $where_params;
-        // don't use $query_params with count()
-        // because we don't want to include additional query clauses like "GROUP BY"
-        return $count
-            ? $this->count(array($where_params), 'EVT_ID', true)
-            : $this->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get all events that are published and have an event start time later than now
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params  An array of query params to further filter on
-     *                             (Note that status and DTT_EVT_start will be overridden)
-     * @param bool  $count         whether to return the count or not (default FALSE)
-     * @return EE_Event[]|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_upcoming_events($query_params, $count = false)
-    {
-        if (array_key_exists(0, $query_params)) {
-            $where_params = $query_params[0];
-            unset($query_params[0]);
-        } else {
-            $where_params = array();
-        }
-        // if we have count make sure we don't include group by
-        if ($count && isset($query_params['group_by'])) {
-            unset($query_params['group_by']);
-        }
-        // let's add specific query_params for active_events
-        // keep in mind this will override any sent status in the query AND any date queries.
-        // we need to pull events with a status of publish and sold_out
-        $event_status = array('publish', EEM_Event::sold_out);
-        // check if the user can read private events and if so add the 'private status to the were params'
-        if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_private_events', 'get_upcoming_events')) {
-            $event_status[] = 'private';
-        }
-        $where_params['status'] = array('IN', $event_status);
-        // if there are already query_params matching DTT_EVT_start then we need to modify that to add them.
-        if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'])) {
-            $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start*****'] = array(
-                '>',
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_start'),
-            );
-        } else {
-            $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = array(
-                '>',
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_start'),
-            );
-        }
-        $query_params[0] = $where_params;
-        // don't use $query_params with count()
-        // because we don't want to include additional query clauses like "GROUP BY"
-        return $count
-            ? $this->count(array($where_params), 'EVT_ID', true)
-            : $this->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all events that are published
-     * and have an event end time later than now
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params  An array of query params to further filter on
-     *                             (note that status and DTT_EVT_end will be overridden)
-     * @param bool  $count         whether to return the count or not (default FALSE)
-     * @return EE_Event[]|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_active_and_upcoming_events($query_params, $count = false)
-    {
-        if (array_key_exists(0, $query_params)) {
-            $where_params = $query_params[0];
-            unset($query_params[0]);
-        } else {
-            $where_params = array();
-        }
-        // if we have count make sure we don't include group by
-        if ($count && isset($query_params['group_by'])) {
-            unset($query_params['group_by']);
-        }
-        // let's add specific query_params for active_events
-        // keep in mind this will override any sent status in the query AND any date queries.
-        $where_params['status'] = array('IN', array('publish', EEM_Event::sold_out));
-        // add where params for DTT_EVT_end
-        if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'])) {
-            $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end*****'] = array(
-                '>',
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end'),
-            );
-        } else {
-            $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'] = array(
-                '>',
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end'),
-            );
-        }
-        $query_params[0] = $where_params;
-        // don't use $query_params with count()
-        // because we don't want to include additional query clauses like "GROUP BY"
-        return $count
-            ? $this->count(array($where_params), 'EVT_ID', true)
-            : $this->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This only returns events that are expired.
-     * They may still be published but all their datetimes have expired.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params  An array of query params to further filter on
-     *                             (note that status and DTT_EVT_end will be overridden)
-     * @param bool  $count         whether to return the count or not (default FALSE)
-     * @return EE_Event[]|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_expired_events($query_params, $count = false)
-    {
-        $where_params = isset($query_params[0]) ? $query_params[0] : array();
-        // if we have count make sure we don't include group by
-        if ($count && isset($query_params['group_by'])) {
-            unset($query_params['group_by']);
-        }
-        // let's add specific query_params for active_events
-        // keep in mind this will override any sent status in the query AND any date queries.
-        if (isset($where_params['status'])) {
-            unset($where_params['status']);
-        }
-        $exclude_query = $query_params;
-        if (isset($exclude_query[0])) {
-            unset($exclude_query[0]);
-        }
-        $exclude_query[0] = array(
-            'Datetime.DTT_EVT_end' => array(
-                '>',
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end'),
-            ),
-        );
-        // first get all events that have datetimes where its not expired.
-        $event_ids = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($exclude_query, OBJECT_K, 'Event_CPT.ID');
-        $event_ids = array_keys($event_ids);
-        // if we have any additional query_params, let's add them to the 'AND' condition
-        $and_condition = array(
-            'Datetime.DTT_EVT_end' => array('<', EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end')),
-            'EVT_ID'               => array('NOT IN', $event_ids),
-        );
-        if (isset($where_params['OR'])) {
-            $and_condition['OR'] = $where_params['OR'];
-            unset($where_params['OR']);
-        }
-        if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'])) {
-            $and_condition['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end****'] = $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'];
-            unset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end']);
-        }
-        if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'])) {
-            $and_condition['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'];
-            unset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start']);
-        }
-        // merge remaining $where params with the and conditions.
-        $where_params['AND'] = array_merge($and_condition, $where_params);
-        $query_params[0] = $where_params;
-        // don't use $query_params with count()
-        // because we don't want to include additional query clauses like "GROUP BY"
-        return $count
-            ? $this->count(array($where_params), 'EVT_ID', true)
-            : $this->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This basically just returns the events that do not have the publish status.
-     *
-     * @param  array   $query_params An array of query params to further filter on
-     *                               (note that status will be overwritten)
-     * @param  boolean $count        whether to return the count or not (default FALSE)
-     * @return EE_Event[]|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_inactive_events($query_params, $count = false)
-    {
-        $where_params = isset($query_params[0]) ? $query_params[0] : array();
-        // let's add in specific query_params for inactive events.
-        if (isset($where_params['status'])) {
-            unset($where_params['status']);
-        }
-        // if we have count make sure we don't include group by
-        if ($count && isset($query_params['group_by'])) {
-            unset($query_params['group_by']);
-        }
-        // if we have any additional query_params, let's add them to the 'AND' condition
-        $where_params['AND']['status'] = array('!=', 'publish');
-        if (isset($where_params['OR'])) {
-            $where_params['AND']['OR'] = $where_params['OR'];
-            unset($where_params['OR']);
-        }
-        if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'])) {
-            $where_params['AND']['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end****'] = $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'];
-            unset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end']);
-        }
-        if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'])) {
-            $where_params['AND']['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'];
-            unset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start']);
-        }
-        $query_params[0] = $where_params;
-        // don't use $query_params with count()
-        // because we don't want to include additional query clauses like "GROUP BY"
-        return $count
-            ? $this->count(array($where_params), 'EVT_ID', true)
-            : $this->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is just injecting into the parent add_relationship_to so we do special handling on price relationships
-     * because we don't want to override any existing global default prices but instead insert NEW prices that get
-     * attached to the event. See parent for param descriptions
-     *
-     * @param        $id_or_obj
-     * @param        $other_model_id_or_obj
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_relationship_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query = array())
-    {
-        if ($relationName === 'Price') {
-            // let's get the PRC object for the given ID to make sure that we aren't dealing with a default
-            $prc_chk = $this->get_related_model_obj($relationName)->ensure_is_obj($other_model_id_or_obj);
-            // if EVT_ID = 0, then this is a default
-            if ((int) $prc_chk->get('EVT_ID') === 0) {
-                // let's set the prc_id as 0 so we force an insert on the add_relation_to carried out by relation
-                $prc_chk->set('PRC_ID', 0);
-            }
-            // run parent
-            return parent::add_relationship_to($id_or_obj, $prc_chk, $relationName, $where_query);
-        }
-        // otherwise carry on as normal
-        return parent::add_relationship_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /******************** DEPRECATED METHODS ********************/
-
-
-    /**
-     * _get_question_target_db_column
-     *
-     * @param EE_Registration $registration    (so existing answers for registration are included)
-     * @param int             $EVT_ID          so all question groups are included for event (not just answers from
-     *                                         registration).
-     * @return    array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws EE_Error*@deprecated as of 4.8.32.rc.001. Instead consider using
-     *                                         EE_Registration_Custom_Questions_Form located in
-     *                                         admin_pages/registrations/form_sections/EE_Registration_Custom_Questions_Form.form.php
-     * @access     public
-     */
-    public function assemble_array_of_groups_questions_and_options(EE_Registration $registration, $EVT_ID = 0)
-    {
-        if (empty($EVT_ID)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(esc_html__(
-                'An error occurred. No EVT_ID is included.  Needed to know which question groups to retrieve.',
-                'event_espresso'
-            ));
-        }
-        $questions = array();
-        // get all question groups for event
-        $qgs = $this->get_question_groups_for_event($EVT_ID, $registration);
-        if (! empty($qgs)) {
-            foreach ($qgs as $qg) {
-                $qsts = $qg->questions();
-                $questions[ $qg->ID() ] = $qg->model_field_array();
-                $questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'] = array();
-                foreach ($qsts as $qst) {
-                    if ($qst->is_system_question()) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    $answer = EEM_Answer::instance()->get_one(array(
-                        array(
-                            'QST_ID' => $qst->ID(),
-                            'REG_ID' => $registration->ID(),
-                        ),
-                    ));
-                    $answer = $answer instanceof EE_Answer ? $answer : EEM_Answer::instance()->create_default_object();
-                    $qst_name = $qstn_id = $qst->ID();
-                    $ans_id = $answer->ID();
-                    $qst_name = ! empty($ans_id) ? '[' . $qst_name . '][' . $ans_id . ']' : '[' . $qst_name . ']';
-                    $input_name = '';
-                    $input_id = sanitize_key($qst->display_text());
-                    $input_class = '';
-                    $questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ] = $qst->model_field_array();
-                    $questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['QST_input_name'] = 'qstn'
-                                                                                           . $input_name
-                                                                                           . $qst_name;
-                    $questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['QST_input_id'] = $input_id . '-' . $qstn_id;
-                    $questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['QST_input_class'] = $input_class;
-                    $questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['QST_options'] = array();
-                    $questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['qst_obj'] = $qst;
-                    $questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['ans_obj'] = $answer;
-                    // leave responses as-is, don't convert stuff into html entities please!
-                    $questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['htmlentities'] = false;
-                    if ($qst->type() == 'RADIO_BTN' || $qst->type() == 'CHECKBOX' || $qst->type() == 'DROPDOWN') {
-                        $QSOs = $qst->options(true, $answer->value());
-                        if (is_array($QSOs)) {
-                            foreach ($QSOs as $QSO_ID => $QSO) {
-                                $questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['QST_options'][ $QSO_ID ] = $QSO->model_field_array();
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $questions;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param mixed $cols_n_values either an array of where each key is the name of a field, and the value is its value
-     *                             or an stdClass where each property is the name of a column,
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($cols_n_values)
-    {
-        $classInstance = parent::instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($cols_n_values);
-        if ($classInstance instanceof EE_Event) {
-            // events have their timezone defined in the DB, so use it immediately
-            $this->set_timezone($classInstance->get_timezone());
-        }
-        return $classInstance;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes the model objects that meet the query params. Note: this method is overridden
-     * in EEM_Soft_Delete_Base so that soft-deleted model objects are instead only flagged
-     * as archived, not actually deleted
-     *
-     * @param array   $query_params   @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param boolean $allow_blocking if TRUE, matched objects will only be deleted if there is no related model info
-     *                                that blocks it (ie, there' sno other data that depends on this data); if false,
-     *                                deletes regardless of other objects which may depend on it. Its generally
-     *                                advisable to always leave this as TRUE, otherwise you could easily corrupt your
-     *                                DB
-     * @return int                    number of rows deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking = true)
-    {
-        $deleted = parent::delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking);
-        if ($deleted) {
-            // get list of events with no prices
-            $espresso_no_ticket_prices = get_option('ee_no_ticket_prices', []);
-            $where = isset($query_params[0]) ? $query_params[0] : [];
-            $where_event = isset($where['EVT_ID']) ? $where['EVT_ID'] : ['', ''];
-            $where_event_ids = isset($where_event[1]) ? $where_event[1] : '';
-            $event_ids = is_string($where_event_ids)
-                ? explode(',', $where_event_ids)
-                : (array) $where_event_ids;
-            array_walk($event_ids, 'trim');
-            $event_ids = array_filter($event_ids);
-            // remove events from list of events with no prices
-            $espresso_no_ticket_prices = array_diff($espresso_no_ticket_prices, $event_ids);
-            update_option('ee_no_ticket_prices', $espresso_no_ticket_prices);
-        }
-        return $deleted;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * constant used by status(), indicating that no more tickets can be purchased for any of the datetimes for the
+	 * event
+	 */
+	const sold_out = 'sold_out';
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used by status(), indicating that upcoming event dates have been postponed (may be pushed to a later
+	 * date)
+	 */
+	const postponed = 'postponed';
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used by status(), indicating that the event will no longer occur
+	 */
+	const cancelled = 'cancelled';
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected static $_default_reg_status;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is the default for the additional limit field.
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	protected static $_default_additional_limit = 10;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * private instance of the Event object
+	 *
+	 * @var EEM_Event
+	 */
+	protected static $_instance;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relationship to Term_Taxonomy for each CPT_Base
+	 *
+	 * @param string $timezone
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($timezone = null)
+	{
+		EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Registration');
+		$this->singular_item = esc_html__('Event', 'event_espresso');
+		$this->plural_item = esc_html__('Events', 'event_espresso');
+		// to remove Cancelled events from the frontend, copy the following filter to your functions.php file
+		// add_filter( 'AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__cancelled__Public', '__return_false' );
+		// to remove Postponed events from the frontend, copy the following filter to your functions.php file
+		// add_filter( 'AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__postponed__Public', '__return_false' );
+		// to remove Sold Out events from the frontend, copy the following filter to your functions.php file
+		//  add_filter( 'AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__sold_out__Public', '__return_false' );
+		$this->_custom_stati = apply_filters(
+			'AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati',
+			array(
+				EEM_Event::cancelled => array(
+					'label'  => esc_html__('Cancelled', 'event_espresso'),
+					'public' => apply_filters('AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__cancelled__Public', true),
+				),
+				EEM_Event::postponed => array(
+					'label'  => esc_html__('Postponed', 'event_espresso'),
+					'public' => apply_filters('AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__postponed__Public', true),
+				),
+				EEM_Event::sold_out  => array(
+					'label'  => esc_html__('Sold Out', 'event_espresso'),
+					'public' => apply_filters('AFEE__EEM_Event__construct___custom_stati__sold_out__Public', true),
+				),
+			)
+		);
+		self::$_default_reg_status = empty(self::$_default_reg_status)
+			? EEM_Registration::status_id_pending_payment
+			: self::$_default_reg_status;
+		$this->_tables = array(
+			'Event_CPT'  => new EE_Primary_Table('posts', 'ID'),
+			'Event_Meta' => new EE_Secondary_Table('esp_event_meta', 'EVTM_ID', 'EVT_ID'),
+		);
+		$this->_fields = array(
+			'Event_CPT'  => array(
+				'EVT_ID'         => new EE_Primary_Key_Int_Field(
+					'ID',
+					esc_html__('Post ID for Event', 'event_espresso')
+				),
+				'EVT_name'       => new EE_Plain_Text_Field(
+					'post_title',
+					esc_html__('Event Name', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					''
+				),
+				'EVT_desc'       => new EE_Post_Content_Field(
+					'post_content',
+					esc_html__('Event Description', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					''
+				),
+				'EVT_slug'       => new EE_Slug_Field(
+					'post_name',
+					esc_html__('Event Slug', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					''
+				),
+				'EVT_created'    => new EE_Datetime_Field(
+					'post_date',
+					esc_html__('Date/Time Event Created', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					EE_Datetime_Field::now
+				),
+				'EVT_short_desc' => new EE_Simple_HTML_Field(
+					'post_excerpt',
+					esc_html__('Event Short Description', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					''
+				),
+				'EVT_modified'   => new EE_Datetime_Field(
+					'post_modified',
+					esc_html__('Date/Time Event Modified', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					EE_Datetime_Field::now
+				),
+				'EVT_wp_user'    => new EE_WP_User_Field(
+					'post_author',
+					esc_html__('Event Creator ID', 'event_espresso'),
+					false
+				),
+				'parent'         => new EE_Integer_Field(
+					'post_parent',
+					esc_html__('Event Parent ID', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					0
+				),
+				'EVT_order'      => new EE_Integer_Field(
+					'menu_order',
+					esc_html__('Event Menu Order', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					1
+				),
+				'post_type'      => new EE_WP_Post_Type_Field('espresso_events'),
+				// EE_Plain_Text_Field( 'post_type', esc_html__( 'Event Post Type', 'event_espresso' ), FALSE, 'espresso_events' ),
+				'status'         => new EE_WP_Post_Status_Field(
+					'post_status',
+					esc_html__('Event Status', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					'draft',
+					$this->_custom_stati
+				),
+				'password' => new EE_Password_Field(
+					'post_password',
+					esc_html__('Password', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					'',
+					array(
+						'EVT_desc',
+						'EVT_short_desc',
+						'EVT_display_desc',
+						'EVT_display_ticket_selector',
+						'EVT_visible_on',
+						'EVT_additional_limit',
+						'EVT_default_registration_status',
+						'EVT_member_only',
+						'EVT_phone',
+						'EVT_allow_overflow',
+						'EVT_timezone_string',
+						'EVT_external_URL',
+						'EVT_donations'
+					)
+				)
+			),
+			'Event_Meta' => array(
+				'EVTM_ID'                         => new EE_DB_Only_Float_Field(
+					'EVTM_ID',
+					esc_html__('Event Meta Row ID', 'event_espresso'),
+					false
+				),
+				'EVT_ID_fk'                       => new EE_DB_Only_Int_Field(
+					'EVT_ID',
+					esc_html__('Foreign key to Event ID from Event Meta table', 'event_espresso'),
+					false
+				),
+				'VNU_ID' => new EE_Foreign_Key_Int_Field(
+					'VNU_ID',
+					__('Venue ID', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					0,
+					'Venue'
+				),
+				'EVT_display_desc'                => new EE_Boolean_Field(
+					'EVT_display_desc',
+					esc_html__('Display Description Flag', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					true
+				),
+				'EVT_display_ticket_selector'     => new EE_Boolean_Field(
+					'EVT_display_ticket_selector',
+					esc_html__('Display Ticket Selector Flag', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					true
+				),
+				'EVT_visible_on'                  => new EE_Datetime_Field(
+					'EVT_visible_on',
+					esc_html__('Event Visible Date', 'event_espresso'),
+					true,
+					EE_Datetime_Field::now
+				),
+				'EVT_additional_limit'            => new EE_Integer_Field(
+					'EVT_additional_limit',
+					esc_html__('Limit of Additional Registrations on Same Transaction', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					self::$_default_additional_limit
+				),
+				'EVT_default_registration_status' => new EE_Enum_Text_Field(
+					'EVT_default_registration_status',
+					esc_html__('Default Registration Status on this Event', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					EEM_Event::$_default_reg_status,
+					EEM_Registration::reg_status_array()
+				),
+				'EVT_member_only'                 => new EE_Boolean_Field(
+					'EVT_member_only',
+					esc_html__('Member-Only Event Flag', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					false
+				),
+				'EVT_phone'                       => new EE_Plain_Text_Field(
+					'EVT_phone',
+					esc_html__('Event Phone Number', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					''
+				),
+				'EVT_allow_overflow'              => new EE_Boolean_Field(
+					'EVT_allow_overflow',
+					esc_html__('Allow Overflow on Event', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					false
+				),
+				'EVT_timezone_string'             => new EE_Plain_Text_Field(
+					'EVT_timezone_string',
+					esc_html__('Timezone (name) for Event times', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					''
+				),
+				'EVT_external_URL'                => new EE_Plain_Text_Field(
+					'EVT_external_URL',
+					esc_html__('URL of Event Page if hosted elsewhere', 'event_espresso'),
+					true
+				),
+				'EVT_donations'                   => new EE_Boolean_Field(
+					'EVT_donations',
+					esc_html__('Accept Donations?', 'event_espresso'),
+					false,
+					false
+				),
+				'FSC_UUID'                        => new EE_Foreign_Key_String_Field(
+					'FSC_UUID',
+					esc_html__('Registration Form UUID (universally unique identifier)', 'event_espresso'),
+					true,
+					null,
+					'Form_Section',
+					false
+				),
+			),
+		);
+		$this->_model_relations = array(
+			'Attendee'               => new EE_HABTM_Relation('Registration'),
+			'Datetime'               => new EE_Has_Many_Relation(),
+			'Event_Question_Group'   => new EE_Has_Many_Relation(),
+			'Form_Section'           => new EE_Belongs_To_Relation(),
+			'Message_Template_Group' => new EE_HABTM_Relation('Event_Message_Template'),
+			'Question_Group'         => new EE_HABTM_Relation('Event_Question_Group'),
+			'Registration'           => new EE_Has_Many_Relation(),
+			'Term_Relationship'      => new EE_Has_Many_Relation(),
+			'Term_Taxonomy'          => new EE_HABTM_Relation('Term_Relationship'),
+			'Venue'                  => new EE_Belongs_To_Relation(),
+			'WP_User'                => new EE_Belongs_To_Relation(),
+		);
+		// this model is generally available for reading
+		$this->_cap_restriction_generators[ EEM_Base::caps_read ] = new EE_Restriction_Generator_Public();
+		$this->model_chain_to_password = '';
+		parent::__construct($timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $default_reg_status
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function set_default_reg_status($default_reg_status)
+	{
+		self::$_default_reg_status = $default_reg_status;
+		// if EEM_Event has already been instantiated,
+		// then we need to reset the `EVT_default_reg_status` field to use the new default.
+		if (self::$_instance instanceof EEM_Event) {
+			$default_reg_status = new EE_Enum_Text_Field(
+				'EVT_default_registration_status',
+				esc_html__('Default Registration Status on this Event', 'event_espresso'),
+				false,
+				$default_reg_status,
+				EEM_Registration::reg_status_array()
+			);
+			$default_reg_status->_construct_finalize(
+				'Event_Meta',
+				'EVT_default_registration_status',
+				'EEM_Event'
+			);
+			self::$_instance->_fields['Event_Meta']['EVT_default_registration_status'] = $default_reg_status;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used to override the default for the additional limit field.
+	 * @param $additional_limit
+	 */
+	public static function set_default_additional_limit($additional_limit)
+	{
+		self::$_default_additional_limit = (int) $additional_limit;
+		if (self::$_instance instanceof EEM_Event) {
+			self::$_instance->_fields['Event_Meta']['EVT_additional_limit'] = new EE_Integer_Field(
+				'EVT_additional_limit',
+				esc_html__('Limit of Additional Registrations on Same Transaction', 'event_espresso'),
+				false,
+				self::$_default_additional_limit
+			);
+			self::$_instance->_fields['Event_Meta']['EVT_additional_limit']->_construct_finalize(
+				'Event_Meta',
+				'EVT_additional_limit',
+				'EEM_Event'
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Return what is currently set as the default additional limit for the event.
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public static function get_default_additional_limit()
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Event__get_default_additional_limit', self::$_default_additional_limit);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get_question_groups
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_all_question_groups()
+	{
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Question_Group')->get_all(
+			array(
+				array('QSG_deleted' => false),
+				'order_by' => array('QSG_order' => 'ASC'),
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get_question_groups
+	 *
+	 * @param int $EVT_ID
+	 * @return array|bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_all_event_question_groups($EVT_ID = 0)
+	{
+		if (! isset($EVT_ID) || ! absint($EVT_ID)) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__(
+					'An error occurred. No Event Question Groups could be retrieved because an Event ID was not received.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Event_Question_Group')->get_all(
+			array(
+				array('EVT_ID' => $EVT_ID),
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get_question_groups
+	 *
+	 * @param int $EVT_ID
+	 * @param boolean $for_primary_attendee
+	 * @return array|bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function get_event_question_groups($EVT_ID = 0, $for_primary_attendee = true)
+	{
+		if (! isset($EVT_ID) || ! absint($EVT_ID)) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__(
+					// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+					'An error occurred. No Event Question Groups could be retrieved because an Event ID was not received.',
+					// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		$query_params = [
+			[
+				'EVT_ID' => $EVT_ID,
+				EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary_attendee) => true
+			]
+		];
+		if ($for_primary_attendee) {
+			$query_params[0]['EQG_primary'] = true;
+		} else {
+			$query_params[0]['EQG_additional'] = true;
+		}
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Event_Question_Group')->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get_question_groups
+	 *
+	 * @param int $EVT_ID
+	 * @param EE_Registration $registration
+	 * @return array|bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_question_groups_for_event($EVT_ID = 0, EE_Registration $registration)
+	{
+		if (! isset($EVT_ID) || ! absint($EVT_ID)) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__(
+					'An error occurred. No Question Groups could be retrieved because an Event ID was not received.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Question_Group')->get_all(
+			[
+				[
+					'Event_Question_Group.EVT_ID'      => $EVT_ID,
+					'Event_Question_Group.'
+						. EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext(
+							$registration->is_primary_registrant()
+						) => true
+				],
+				'order_by' => ['QSG_order' => 'ASC'],
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get_question_target_db_column
+	 *
+	 * @param string $QSG_IDs csv list of $QSG IDs
+	 * @return array|bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_questions_in_groups($QSG_IDs = '')
+	{
+		if (empty($QSG_IDs)) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__('An error occurred. No Question Group IDs were received.', 'event_espresso'),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Question')->get_all(
+			array(
+				array(
+					'Question_Group.QSG_ID' => array('IN', $QSG_IDs),
+					'QST_deleted'           => false,
+					'QST_admin_only'        => is_admin(),
+				),
+				'order_by' => 'QST_order',
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get_options_for_question
+	 *
+	 * @param string $QST_IDs csv list of $QST IDs
+	 * @return array|bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_options_for_question($QST_IDs)
+	{
+		if (empty($QST_IDs)) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__('An error occurred. No Question IDs were received.', 'event_espresso'),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Question_Option')->get_all(
+			array(
+				array(
+					'Question.QST_ID' => array('IN', $QST_IDs),
+					'QSO_deleted'     => false,
+				),
+				'order_by' => 'QSO_ID',
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all events that are published
+	 * and have event start time earlier than now and an event end time later than now
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params  An array of query params to further filter on
+	 *                             (note that status and DTT_EVT_start and DTT_EVT_end will be overridden)
+	 * @param bool  $count         whether to return the count or not (default FALSE)
+	 * @return EE_Event[]|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_active_events($query_params, $count = false)
+	{
+		if (array_key_exists(0, $query_params)) {
+			$where_params = $query_params[0];
+			unset($query_params[0]);
+		} else {
+			$where_params = array();
+		}
+		// if we have count make sure we don't include group by
+		if ($count && isset($query_params['group_by'])) {
+			unset($query_params['group_by']);
+		}
+		// let's add specific query_params for active_events
+		// keep in mind this will override any sent status in the query AND any date queries.
+		$where_params['status'] = array('IN', array('publish', EEM_Event::sold_out));
+		// if already have where params for DTT_EVT_start or DTT_EVT_end then append these conditions
+		if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'])) {
+			$where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start******'] = array(
+				'<',
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_start'),
+			);
+		} else {
+			$where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = array(
+				'<',
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_start'),
+			);
+		}
+		if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'])) {
+			$where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end*****'] = array(
+				'>',
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end'),
+			);
+		} else {
+			$where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'] = array(
+				'>',
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end'),
+			);
+		}
+		$query_params[0] = $where_params;
+		// don't use $query_params with count()
+		// because we don't want to include additional query clauses like "GROUP BY"
+		return $count
+			? $this->count(array($where_params), 'EVT_ID', true)
+			: $this->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get all events that are published and have an event start time later than now
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params  An array of query params to further filter on
+	 *                             (Note that status and DTT_EVT_start will be overridden)
+	 * @param bool  $count         whether to return the count or not (default FALSE)
+	 * @return EE_Event[]|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_upcoming_events($query_params, $count = false)
+	{
+		if (array_key_exists(0, $query_params)) {
+			$where_params = $query_params[0];
+			unset($query_params[0]);
+		} else {
+			$where_params = array();
+		}
+		// if we have count make sure we don't include group by
+		if ($count && isset($query_params['group_by'])) {
+			unset($query_params['group_by']);
+		}
+		// let's add specific query_params for active_events
+		// keep in mind this will override any sent status in the query AND any date queries.
+		// we need to pull events with a status of publish and sold_out
+		$event_status = array('publish', EEM_Event::sold_out);
+		// check if the user can read private events and if so add the 'private status to the were params'
+		if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_private_events', 'get_upcoming_events')) {
+			$event_status[] = 'private';
+		}
+		$where_params['status'] = array('IN', $event_status);
+		// if there are already query_params matching DTT_EVT_start then we need to modify that to add them.
+		if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'])) {
+			$where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start*****'] = array(
+				'>',
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_start'),
+			);
+		} else {
+			$where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = array(
+				'>',
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_start'),
+			);
+		}
+		$query_params[0] = $where_params;
+		// don't use $query_params with count()
+		// because we don't want to include additional query clauses like "GROUP BY"
+		return $count
+			? $this->count(array($where_params), 'EVT_ID', true)
+			: $this->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all events that are published
+	 * and have an event end time later than now
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params  An array of query params to further filter on
+	 *                             (note that status and DTT_EVT_end will be overridden)
+	 * @param bool  $count         whether to return the count or not (default FALSE)
+	 * @return EE_Event[]|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_active_and_upcoming_events($query_params, $count = false)
+	{
+		if (array_key_exists(0, $query_params)) {
+			$where_params = $query_params[0];
+			unset($query_params[0]);
+		} else {
+			$where_params = array();
+		}
+		// if we have count make sure we don't include group by
+		if ($count && isset($query_params['group_by'])) {
+			unset($query_params['group_by']);
+		}
+		// let's add specific query_params for active_events
+		// keep in mind this will override any sent status in the query AND any date queries.
+		$where_params['status'] = array('IN', array('publish', EEM_Event::sold_out));
+		// add where params for DTT_EVT_end
+		if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'])) {
+			$where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end*****'] = array(
+				'>',
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end'),
+			);
+		} else {
+			$where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'] = array(
+				'>',
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end'),
+			);
+		}
+		$query_params[0] = $where_params;
+		// don't use $query_params with count()
+		// because we don't want to include additional query clauses like "GROUP BY"
+		return $count
+			? $this->count(array($where_params), 'EVT_ID', true)
+			: $this->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This only returns events that are expired.
+	 * They may still be published but all their datetimes have expired.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params  An array of query params to further filter on
+	 *                             (note that status and DTT_EVT_end will be overridden)
+	 * @param bool  $count         whether to return the count or not (default FALSE)
+	 * @return EE_Event[]|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_expired_events($query_params, $count = false)
+	{
+		$where_params = isset($query_params[0]) ? $query_params[0] : array();
+		// if we have count make sure we don't include group by
+		if ($count && isset($query_params['group_by'])) {
+			unset($query_params['group_by']);
+		}
+		// let's add specific query_params for active_events
+		// keep in mind this will override any sent status in the query AND any date queries.
+		if (isset($where_params['status'])) {
+			unset($where_params['status']);
+		}
+		$exclude_query = $query_params;
+		if (isset($exclude_query[0])) {
+			unset($exclude_query[0]);
+		}
+		$exclude_query[0] = array(
+			'Datetime.DTT_EVT_end' => array(
+				'>',
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end'),
+			),
+		);
+		// first get all events that have datetimes where its not expired.
+		$event_ids = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($exclude_query, OBJECT_K, 'Event_CPT.ID');
+		$event_ids = array_keys($event_ids);
+		// if we have any additional query_params, let's add them to the 'AND' condition
+		$and_condition = array(
+			'Datetime.DTT_EVT_end' => array('<', EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_end')),
+			'EVT_ID'               => array('NOT IN', $event_ids),
+		);
+		if (isset($where_params['OR'])) {
+			$and_condition['OR'] = $where_params['OR'];
+			unset($where_params['OR']);
+		}
+		if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'])) {
+			$and_condition['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end****'] = $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'];
+			unset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end']);
+		}
+		if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'])) {
+			$and_condition['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'];
+			unset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start']);
+		}
+		// merge remaining $where params with the and conditions.
+		$where_params['AND'] = array_merge($and_condition, $where_params);
+		$query_params[0] = $where_params;
+		// don't use $query_params with count()
+		// because we don't want to include additional query clauses like "GROUP BY"
+		return $count
+			? $this->count(array($where_params), 'EVT_ID', true)
+			: $this->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This basically just returns the events that do not have the publish status.
+	 *
+	 * @param  array   $query_params An array of query params to further filter on
+	 *                               (note that status will be overwritten)
+	 * @param  boolean $count        whether to return the count or not (default FALSE)
+	 * @return EE_Event[]|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_inactive_events($query_params, $count = false)
+	{
+		$where_params = isset($query_params[0]) ? $query_params[0] : array();
+		// let's add in specific query_params for inactive events.
+		if (isset($where_params['status'])) {
+			unset($where_params['status']);
+		}
+		// if we have count make sure we don't include group by
+		if ($count && isset($query_params['group_by'])) {
+			unset($query_params['group_by']);
+		}
+		// if we have any additional query_params, let's add them to the 'AND' condition
+		$where_params['AND']['status'] = array('!=', 'publish');
+		if (isset($where_params['OR'])) {
+			$where_params['AND']['OR'] = $where_params['OR'];
+			unset($where_params['OR']);
+		}
+		if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'])) {
+			$where_params['AND']['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end****'] = $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end'];
+			unset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_end']);
+		}
+		if (isset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'])) {
+			$where_params['AND']['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'] = $where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start'];
+			unset($where_params['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start']);
+		}
+		$query_params[0] = $where_params;
+		// don't use $query_params with count()
+		// because we don't want to include additional query clauses like "GROUP BY"
+		return $count
+			? $this->count(array($where_params), 'EVT_ID', true)
+			: $this->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is just injecting into the parent add_relationship_to so we do special handling on price relationships
+	 * because we don't want to override any existing global default prices but instead insert NEW prices that get
+	 * attached to the event. See parent for param descriptions
+	 *
+	 * @param        $id_or_obj
+	 * @param        $other_model_id_or_obj
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_relationship_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query = array())
+	{
+		if ($relationName === 'Price') {
+			// let's get the PRC object for the given ID to make sure that we aren't dealing with a default
+			$prc_chk = $this->get_related_model_obj($relationName)->ensure_is_obj($other_model_id_or_obj);
+			// if EVT_ID = 0, then this is a default
+			if ((int) $prc_chk->get('EVT_ID') === 0) {
+				// let's set the prc_id as 0 so we force an insert on the add_relation_to carried out by relation
+				$prc_chk->set('PRC_ID', 0);
+			}
+			// run parent
+			return parent::add_relationship_to($id_or_obj, $prc_chk, $relationName, $where_query);
+		}
+		// otherwise carry on as normal
+		return parent::add_relationship_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/******************** DEPRECATED METHODS ********************/
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _get_question_target_db_column
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Registration $registration    (so existing answers for registration are included)
+	 * @param int             $EVT_ID          so all question groups are included for event (not just answers from
+	 *                                         registration).
+	 * @return    array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws EE_Error*@deprecated as of 4.8.32.rc.001. Instead consider using
+	 *                                         EE_Registration_Custom_Questions_Form located in
+	 *                                         admin_pages/registrations/form_sections/EE_Registration_Custom_Questions_Form.form.php
+	 * @access     public
+	 */
+	public function assemble_array_of_groups_questions_and_options(EE_Registration $registration, $EVT_ID = 0)
+	{
+		if (empty($EVT_ID)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(esc_html__(
+				'An error occurred. No EVT_ID is included.  Needed to know which question groups to retrieve.',
+				'event_espresso'
+			));
+		}
+		$questions = array();
+		// get all question groups for event
+		$qgs = $this->get_question_groups_for_event($EVT_ID, $registration);
+		if (! empty($qgs)) {
+			foreach ($qgs as $qg) {
+				$qsts = $qg->questions();
+				$questions[ $qg->ID() ] = $qg->model_field_array();
+				$questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'] = array();
+				foreach ($qsts as $qst) {
+					if ($qst->is_system_question()) {
+						continue;
+					}
+					$answer = EEM_Answer::instance()->get_one(array(
+						array(
+							'QST_ID' => $qst->ID(),
+							'REG_ID' => $registration->ID(),
+						),
+					));
+					$answer = $answer instanceof EE_Answer ? $answer : EEM_Answer::instance()->create_default_object();
+					$qst_name = $qstn_id = $qst->ID();
+					$ans_id = $answer->ID();
+					$qst_name = ! empty($ans_id) ? '[' . $qst_name . '][' . $ans_id . ']' : '[' . $qst_name . ']';
+					$input_name = '';
+					$input_id = sanitize_key($qst->display_text());
+					$input_class = '';
+					$questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ] = $qst->model_field_array();
+					$questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['QST_input_name'] = 'qstn'
+																						   . $input_name
+																						   . $qst_name;
+					$questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['QST_input_id'] = $input_id . '-' . $qstn_id;
+					$questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['QST_input_class'] = $input_class;
+					$questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['QST_options'] = array();
+					$questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['qst_obj'] = $qst;
+					$questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['ans_obj'] = $answer;
+					// leave responses as-is, don't convert stuff into html entities please!
+					$questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['htmlentities'] = false;
+					if ($qst->type() == 'RADIO_BTN' || $qst->type() == 'CHECKBOX' || $qst->type() == 'DROPDOWN') {
+						$QSOs = $qst->options(true, $answer->value());
+						if (is_array($QSOs)) {
+							foreach ($QSOs as $QSO_ID => $QSO) {
+								$questions[ $qg->ID() ]['QSG_questions'][ $qst->ID() ]['QST_options'][ $QSO_ID ] = $QSO->model_field_array();
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $questions;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param mixed $cols_n_values either an array of where each key is the name of a field, and the value is its value
+	 *                             or an stdClass where each property is the name of a column,
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($cols_n_values)
+	{
+		$classInstance = parent::instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($cols_n_values);
+		if ($classInstance instanceof EE_Event) {
+			// events have their timezone defined in the DB, so use it immediately
+			$this->set_timezone($classInstance->get_timezone());
+		}
+		return $classInstance;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes the model objects that meet the query params. Note: this method is overridden
+	 * in EEM_Soft_Delete_Base so that soft-deleted model objects are instead only flagged
+	 * as archived, not actually deleted
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $query_params   @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param boolean $allow_blocking if TRUE, matched objects will only be deleted if there is no related model info
+	 *                                that blocks it (ie, there' sno other data that depends on this data); if false,
+	 *                                deletes regardless of other objects which may depend on it. Its generally
+	 *                                advisable to always leave this as TRUE, otherwise you could easily corrupt your
+	 *                                DB
+	 * @return int                    number of rows deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking = true)
+	{
+		$deleted = parent::delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking);
+		if ($deleted) {
+			// get list of events with no prices
+			$espresso_no_ticket_prices = get_option('ee_no_ticket_prices', []);
+			$where = isset($query_params[0]) ? $query_params[0] : [];
+			$where_event = isset($where['EVT_ID']) ? $where['EVT_ID'] : ['', ''];
+			$where_event_ids = isset($where_event[1]) ? $where_event[1] : '';
+			$event_ids = is_string($where_event_ids)
+				? explode(',', $where_event_ids)
+				: (array) $where_event_ids;
+			array_walk($event_ids, 'trim');
+			$event_ids = array_filter($event_ids);
+			// remove events from list of events with no prices
+			$espresso_no_ticket_prices = array_diff($espresso_no_ticket_prices, $event_ids);
+			update_option('ee_no_ticket_prices', $espresso_no_ticket_prices);
+		}
+		return $deleted;
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Ticket.class.php

Indentation +2134 added lines, -2134 removed lines

@@ -14,2142 +14,2142 @@
  */
 class EE_Ticket extends EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class implements EEI_Line_Item_Object, EEI_Event_Relation, EEI_Has_Icon
 {
-    /**
-     * TicKet Archived:
-     * constant used by ticket_status() to indicate that a ticket is archived
-     * and no longer available for purchase
-     */
-    const archived = 'TKA';
-
-    /**
-     * TicKet Expired:
-     * constant used by ticket_status() to indicate that a ticket is expired
-     * and no longer available for purchase
-     */
-    const expired = 'TKE';
-
-    /**
-     * TicKet On sale:
-     * constant used by ticket_status() to indicate that a ticket is On Sale
-     * and IS available for purchase
-     */
-    const onsale = 'TKO';
-
-    /**
-     * TicKet Pending:
-     * constant used by ticket_status() to indicate that a ticket is pending
-     * and is NOT YET available for purchase
-     */
-    const pending = 'TKP';
-
-    /**
-     * TicKet Sold out:
-     * constant used by ticket_status() to indicate that a ticket is sold out
-     * and no longer available for purchases
-     */
-    const sold_out = 'TKS';
-
-    /**
-     * extra meta key for tracking ticket reservations
-     *
-     * @type string
-     */
-    const META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS = 'ticket_reservations';
-
-    /**
-     * override of parent property
-     *
-     * @var EEM_Ticket
-     */
-    protected $_model;
-
-    /**
-     * cached result from method of the same name
-     *
-     * @var float $_ticket_total_with_taxes
-     */
-    private $_ticket_total_with_taxes;
-
-    /**
-     * @var TicketPriceModifiers
-     */
-    protected $ticket_price_modifiers;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Ticket
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = [], $timezone = null, $date_formats = [])
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ?: new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Ticket
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = [], $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $fieldValues
-     * @param false  $bydb
-     * @param string $timezone
-     * @param array  $date_formats
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function __construct($fieldValues = [], $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = [])
-    {
-        parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        $this->ticket_price_modifiers = new TicketPriceModifiers($this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function parent()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_parent');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * return if a ticket has quantities available for purchase
-     *
-     * @param int $DTT_ID the primary key for a particular datetime
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function available($DTT_ID = 0)
-    {
-        // are we checking availability for a particular datetime ?
-        if ($DTT_ID) {
-            // get that datetime object
-            $datetime = $this->get_first_related('Datetime', [['DTT_ID' => $DTT_ID]]);
-            // if  ticket sales for this datetime have exceeded the reg limit...
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime && $datetime->sold_out()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        // datetime is still open for registration, but is this ticket sold out ?
-        return $this->qty() < 1 || $this->qty() > $this->sold();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Using the start date and end date this method calculates whether the ticket is On Sale, Pending, or Expired
-     *
-     * @param bool        $display   true = we'll return a localized string, otherwise we just return the value of the
-     *                               relevant status const
-     * @param bool | null $remaining if it is already known that tickets are available, then simply pass a bool to save
-     *                               further processing
-     * @return mixed status int if the display string isn't requested
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function ticket_status($display = false, $remaining = null)
-    {
-        $remaining = is_bool($remaining) ? $remaining : $this->is_remaining();
-        if (! $remaining) {
-            return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::sold_out, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::sold_out;
-        }
-        if ($this->get('TKT_deleted')) {
-            return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::archived, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::archived;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_expired()) {
-            return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::expired, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::expired;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_pending()) {
-            return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::pending, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::pending;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_on_sale()) {
-            return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::onsale, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::onsale;
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * The purpose of this method is to simply return a boolean for whether there are any tickets remaining for sale
-     * considering ALL the factors used for figuring that out.
-     *
-     * @param int $DTT_ID if an int above 0 is included here then we get a specific dtt.
-     * @return boolean         true = tickets remaining, false not.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_remaining($DTT_ID = 0)
-    {
-        $num_remaining = $this->remaining($DTT_ID);
-        if ($num_remaining === 0) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if ($num_remaining > 0 && $num_remaining < $this->min()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * return the total number of tickets available for purchase
-     *
-     * @param int $DTT_ID  the primary key for a particular datetime.
-     *                     set to 0 for all related datetimes
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function remaining($DTT_ID = 0)
-    {
-        return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket('saleable', $DTT_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets min
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function min()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_min');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * return if a ticket is no longer available cause its available dates have expired.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_expired()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('TKT_end_date') < time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Return if a ticket is yet to go on sale or not
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_pending()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('TKT_start_date') >= time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Return if a ticket is on sale or not
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_on_sale()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('TKT_start_date') <= time() && $this->get_raw('TKT_end_date') >= time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the chronologically last datetime that this ticket is associated with
-     *
-     * @param string $date_format
-     * @param string $conjunction - conjunction junction what's your function ? this string joins the start date with
-     *                            the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function date_range($date_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        $date_format = ! empty($date_format) ? $date_format : $this->_dt_frmt;
-        $first_date  = $this->first_datetime() instanceof EE_Datetime
-            ? $this->first_datetime()->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $date_format)
-            : '';
-        $last_date   = $this->last_datetime() instanceof EE_Datetime
-            ? $this->last_datetime()->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $date_format)
-            : '';
-
-        return $first_date && $last_date ? $first_date . $conjunction . $last_date : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the chronologically first datetime that this ticket is associated with
-     *
-     * @return EE_Datetime
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function first_datetime()
-    {
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes(['limit' => 1]);
-        return reset($datetimes);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes this ticket can be used for attending.
-     * Unless otherwise specified, orders datetimes by start date.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Datetime[]|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetimes($query_params = [])
-    {
-        if (! isset($query_params['order_by'])) {
-            $query_params['order_by']['DTT_order'] = 'ASC';
-        }
-        return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the chronologically last datetime that this ticket is associated with
-     *
-     * @return EE_Datetime
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function last_datetime()
-    {
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes(['limit' => 1, 'order_by' => ['DTT_EVT_start' => 'DESC']]);
-        return end($datetimes);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the total tickets sold depending on the given parameters.
-     *
-     * @param string $what    Can be one of two options: 'ticket', 'datetime'.
-     *                        'ticket' = total ticket sales for all datetimes this ticket is related to
-     *                        'datetime' = total ticket sales for a specified datetime (required $dtt_id)
-     *                        'datetime' = total ticket sales in the datetime_ticket table.
-     *                        If $dtt_id is not given then we return an array of sales indexed by datetime.
-     *                        If $dtt_id IS given then we return the tickets sold for that given datetime.
-     * @param int    $dtt_id  [optional] include the dtt_id with $what = 'datetime'.
-     * @return mixed (array|int)          how many tickets have sold
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function tickets_sold($what = 'ticket', $dtt_id = null)
-    {
-        $total        = 0;
-        $tickets_sold = $this->_all_tickets_sold();
-        switch ($what) {
-            case 'ticket':
-                return $tickets_sold['ticket'];
-
-            case 'datetime':
-                if (empty($tickets_sold['datetime'])) {
-                    return $total;
-                }
-                if (! empty($dtt_id) && ! isset($tickets_sold['datetime'][ $dtt_id ])) {
-                    EE_Error::add_error(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'You\'ve requested the amount of tickets sold for a given ticket and datetime, however there are no records for the datetime id you included.  Are you SURE that is a datetime related to this ticket?',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        __FILE__,
-                        __FUNCTION__,
-                        __LINE__
-                    );
-                    return $total;
-                }
-                return empty($dtt_id) ? $tickets_sold['datetime'] : $tickets_sold['datetime'][ $dtt_id ];
-
-            default:
-                return $total;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns an array indexed by datetime_id for tickets sold with this ticket.
-     *
-     * @return EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _all_tickets_sold()
-    {
-        $datetimes    = $this->get_many_related('Datetime');
-        $tickets_sold = [];
-        if (! empty($datetimes)) {
-            foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                $tickets_sold['datetime'][ $datetime->ID() ] = $datetime->get('DTT_sold');
-            }
-        }
-        // Tickets sold
-        $tickets_sold['ticket'] = $this->sold();
-        return $tickets_sold;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the base price object for the ticket.
-     *
-     * @param bool $return_array whether to return as an array indexed by price id or just the object.
-     * @return EE_Price|EE_Base_Class|EE_Price[]|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function base_price(bool $return_array = false)
-    {
-        $base_price = $this->ticket_price_modifiers->getBasePrice();
-        if (! empty($base_price)) {
-            return $return_array ? $base_price : reset($base_price);
-        }
-        $_where = ['Price_Type.PBT_ID' => EEM_Price_Type::base_type_base_price];
-        return $return_array
-            ? $this->get_many_related('Price', [$_where])
-            : $this->get_first_related('Price', [$_where]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns ONLY the price modifiers for the ticket (i.e. no taxes or base price)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Price[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function price_modifiers(): array
-    {
-        $price_modifiers = $this->usesGlobalTaxes()
-            ? $this->ticket_price_modifiers->getAllDiscountAndSurchargeModifiersForTicket()
-            : $this->ticket_price_modifiers ->getAllModifiersForTicket();
-        if (! empty($price_modifiers)) {
-            return $price_modifiers;
-        }
-        return $this->prices(
-            [
-                [
-                    'Price_Type.PBT_ID' => [
-                        'NOT IN',
-                        [EEM_Price_Type::base_type_base_price, EEM_Price_Type::base_type_tax],
-                    ]
-                ]
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns ONLY the TAX price modifiers for the ticket
-     *
-     * @return EE_Price[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function tax_price_modifiers(): array
-    {
-        $tax_price_modifiers = $this->ticket_price_modifiers->getAllTaxesForTicket();
-        if (! empty($tax_price_modifiers)) {
-            return $tax_price_modifiers;
-        }
-        return $this->prices([['Price_Type.PBT_ID' => EEM_Price_Type::base_type_tax]]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the prices that combine to form the final price of this ticket
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Price[]|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function prices(array $query_params = []): array
-    {
-        if (! isset($query_params['order_by'])) {
-            $query_params['order_by']['PRC_order'] = 'ASC';
-        }
-        return $this->get_many_related('Price', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the ticket datetimes (ie, relations between datetimes and tickets)
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Datetime_Ticket|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetime_tickets($query_params = [])
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Datetime_Ticket', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes from the db ordered by DTT_order
-     *
-     * @param boolean $show_expired
-     * @param boolean $show_deleted
-     * @return EE_Datetime[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetimes_ordered($show_expired = true, $show_deleted = false)
-    {
-        return EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_datetimes_for_ticket_ordered_by_DTT_order(
-            $this->ID(),
-            $show_expired,
-            $show_deleted
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets ID
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function ID()
-    {
-        return (int) $this->get('TKT_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get the author of the ticket.
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    public function wp_user()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_wp_user');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the template for the ticket
-     *
-     * @return EE_Ticket_Template|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function template()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Ticket_Template');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Simply returns an array of EE_Price objects that are taxes.
-     *
-     * @return EE_Price[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_taxes_for_admin(): array
-    {
-        return $this->usesGlobalTaxes() ? EE_Taxes::get_taxes_for_admin() : $this->tax_price_modifiers();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * alias of taxable() to better indicate that ticket uses the legacy method of applying default "global" taxes
-     * as opposed to having tax price modifiers added directly to each ticket
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function usesGlobalTaxes(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->taxable();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function ticket_price()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_price');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function pretty_price()
-    {
-        return $this->get_pretty('TKT_price');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_free()
-    {
-        return $this->get_ticket_total_with_taxes() === (float) 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get_ticket_total_with_taxes
-     *
-     * @param bool $no_cache
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_total_with_taxes($no_cache = false)
-    {
-        if ($this->_ticket_total_with_taxes === null || $no_cache) {
-            $this->_ticket_total_with_taxes = $this->usesGlobalTaxes()
-                ? $this->get_ticket_subtotal() + $this->get_ticket_taxes_total_for_admin()
-                : $this->ticket_price();
-        }
-        return (float) $this->_ticket_total_with_taxes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function ensure_TKT_Price_correct()
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_price', EE_Taxes::get_subtotal_for_admin($this));
-        $this->save();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_subtotal()
-    {
-        return EE_Taxes::get_subtotal_for_admin($this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the total taxes applied to this ticket
-     *
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_taxes_total_for_admin()
-    {
-        return EE_Taxes::get_total_taxes_for_admin($this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets name
-     *
-     * @param string $name
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_name($name)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_name', $name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets description
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function description()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_description');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets description
-     *
-     * @param string $description
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_description($description)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_description', $description);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets start_date
-     *
-     * @param string $date_format
-     * @param string $time_format
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function start_date($date_format = '', $time_format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime('TKT_start_date', $date_format, $time_format);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets start_date
-     *
-     * @param string $start_date
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_start_date($start_date)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('B', $start_date, 'TKT_start_date');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets end_date
-     *
-     * @param string $date_format
-     * @param string $time_format
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function end_date($date_format = '', $time_format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime('TKT_end_date', $date_format, $time_format);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets end_date
-     *
-     * @param string $end_date
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_end_date($end_date)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('B', $end_date, 'TKT_end_date');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets sell until time
-     *
-     * @param string $time a string representation of the sell until time (ex 9am or 7:30pm)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    public function set_end_time($time)
-    {
-        $this->_set_time_for($time, 'TKT_end_date');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets min
-     *
-     * @param int $min
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_min($min)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_min', $min);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets max
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function max()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_max');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets max
-     *
-     * @param int $max
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_max($max)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_max', $max);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets price
-     *
-     * @param float $price
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_price($price)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_price', $price);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets sold
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function sold(): int
-    {
-        return (int) $this->get_raw('TKT_sold');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets sold
-     *
-     * @param int $sold
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_sold($sold)
-    {
-        // sold can not go below zero
-        $sold = max(0, $sold);
-        $this->set('TKT_sold', $sold);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty AND decrements the reserved count on both this ticket and its
-     * associated datetimes.
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    public function increaseSold($qty = 1)
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        // increment sold and decrement reserved datetime quantities simultaneously
-        // don't worry about failures, because they must have already had a spot reserved
-        $this->increaseSoldForDatetimes($qty);
-        // Increment and decrement ticket quantities simultaneously
-        $success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
-            [
-                'TKT_reserved' => $qty * -1,
-                'TKT_sold'     => $qty,
-            ]
-        );
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_sold',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->sold(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * On each datetime related to this ticket, increases its sold count and decreases its reserved count by $qty.
-     *
-     * @param int           $qty positive or negative. Positive means to increase sold counts (and decrease reserved
-     *                           counts), Negative means to decreases old counts (and increase reserved counts).
-     * @param EE_Datetime[] $datetimes
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    protected function increaseSoldForDatetimes($qty, array $datetimes = [])
-    {
-        $datetimes = ! empty($datetimes) ? $datetimes : $this->datetimes();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            $datetime->increaseSold($qty);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) sold by amount passed by $qty on both the ticket and its related datetimes directly in the
-     * DB and then updates the model objects.
-     * Does not affect the reserved counts.
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    public function decreaseSold($qty = 1)
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        $this->decreaseSoldForDatetimes($qty);
-        $success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
-            [
-                'TKT_sold' => $qty * -1,
-            ]
-        );
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_sold',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->sold(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decreases sold on related datetimes
-     *
-     * @param int           $qty
-     * @param EE_Datetime[] $datetimes
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    protected function decreaseSoldForDatetimes($qty = 1, array $datetimes = [])
-    {
-        $datetimes = ! empty($datetimes) ? $datetimes : $this->datetimes();
-        if (is_array($datetimes)) {
-            foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                    $datetime->decreaseSold($qty);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets qty of reserved tickets
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function reserved(): int
-    {
-        return (int) $this->get_raw('TKT_reserved');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets reserved
-     *
-     * @param int $reserved
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_reserved($reserved)
-    {
-        // reserved can not go below zero
-        $reserved = max(0, (int) $reserved);
-        $this->set('TKT_reserved', $reserved);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @param int    $qty
-     * @param string $source
-     * @return bool whether we successfully reserved the ticket or not.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    public function increaseReserved($qty = 1, $source = 'unknown')
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_reserved__begin',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $source
-        );
-        $this->add_extra_meta(EE_Ticket::META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS, "{$qty} from {$source}");
-        $success                         = false;
-        $datetimes_adjusted_successfully = $this->increaseReservedForDatetimes($qty);
-        if ($datetimes_adjusted_successfully) {
-            $success = $this->incrementFieldConditionallyInDb(
-                'TKT_reserved',
-                'TKT_sold',
-                'TKT_qty',
-                $qty
-            );
-            if (! $success) {
-                // The datetimes were successfully bumped, but not the
-                // ticket. So we need to manually rollback the datetimes.
-                $this->decreaseReservedForDatetimes($qty);
-            }
-        }
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_reserved',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->reserved(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increases reserved counts on related datetimes
-     *
-     * @param int           $qty
-     * @param EE_Datetime[] $datetimes
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    protected function increaseReservedForDatetimes($qty = 1, array $datetimes = [])
-    {
-        $datetimes         = ! empty($datetimes) ? $datetimes : $this->datetimes();
-        $datetimes_updated = [];
-        $limit_exceeded    = false;
-        if (is_array($datetimes)) {
-            foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                    if ($datetime->increaseReserved($qty)) {
-                        $datetimes_updated[] = $datetime;
-                    } else {
-                        $limit_exceeded = true;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            // If somewhere along the way we detected a datetime whose
-            // limit was exceeded, do a manual rollback.
-            if ($limit_exceeded) {
-                $this->decreaseReservedForDatetimes($qty, $datetimes_updated);
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @param int    $qty
-     * @param bool   $adjust_datetimes
-     * @param string $source
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    public function decreaseReserved($qty = 1, $adjust_datetimes = true, $source = 'unknown')
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        $this->add_extra_meta(EE_Ticket::META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS, "-{$qty} from {$source}");
-        if ($adjust_datetimes) {
-            $this->decreaseReservedForDatetimes($qty);
-        }
-        $success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
-            [
-                'TKT_reserved' => $qty * -1,
-            ]
-        );
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_reserved',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->reserved(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decreases the reserved count on the specified datetimes.
-     *
-     * @param int           $qty
-     * @param EE_Datetime[] $datetimes
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    protected function decreaseReservedForDatetimes($qty = 1, array $datetimes = [])
-    {
-        $datetimes = ! empty($datetimes) ? $datetimes : $this->datetimes();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                $datetime->decreaseReserved($qty);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets ticket quantity
-     *
-     * @param string $context     ticket quantity is somewhat subjective depending on the exact information sought
-     *                            therefore $context can be one of three values: '', 'reg_limit', or 'saleable'
-     *                            '' (default) quantity is the actual db value for TKT_qty, unaffected by other objects
-     *                            REG LIMIT: caps qty based on DTT_reg_limit for ALL related datetimes
-     *                            SALEABLE: also considers datetime sold and returns zero if ANY DTT is sold out, and
-     *                            is therefore the truest measure of tickets that can be purchased at the moment
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function qty($context = '')
-    {
-        switch ($context) {
-            case 'reg_limit':
-                return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket();
-            case 'saleable':
-                return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket('saleable');
-            default:
-                return $this->get_raw('TKT_qty');
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets ticket quantity
-     *
-     * @param string $context     ticket quantity is somewhat subjective depending on the exact information sought
-     *                            therefore $context can be one of two values: 'reg_limit', or 'saleable'
-     *                            REG LIMIT: caps qty based on DTT_reg_limit for ALL related datetimes
-     *                            SALEABLE: also considers datetime sold and returns zero if ANY DTT is sold out, and
-     *                            is therefore the truest measure of tickets that can be purchased at the moment
-     * @param int    $DTT_ID      the primary key for a particular datetime.
-     *                            set to 0 for all related datetimes
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function real_quantity_on_ticket($context = 'reg_limit', $DTT_ID = 0)
-    {
-        $raw = $this->get_raw('TKT_qty');
-        // return immediately if it's zero
-        if ($raw === 0) {
-            return $raw;
-        }
-        // echo "\n\n<br />Ticket: " . $this->name() . '<br />';
-        // ensure qty doesn't exceed raw value for THIS ticket
-        $qty = min(EE_INF, $raw);
-        // echo "\n . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
-        // calculate this ticket's total sales and reservations
-        $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket = $this->sold() + $this->reserved();
-        // echo "\n . sold: " . $this->sold() . '<br />';
-        // echo "\n . reserved: " . $this->reserved() . '<br />';
-        // echo "\n . sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket: " . $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket . '<br />';
-        // first we need to calculate the maximum number of tickets available for the datetime
-        // do we want data for one datetime or all of them ?
-        $query_params = $DTT_ID ? [['DTT_ID' => $DTT_ID]] : [];
-        $datetimes    = $this->datetimes($query_params);
-        if (is_array($datetimes) && ! empty($datetimes)) {
-            foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                    $datetime->refresh_from_db();
-                    // echo "\n . . datetime name: " . $datetime->name() . '<br />';
-                    // echo "\n . . datetime ID: " . $datetime->ID() . '<br />';
-                    // initialize with no restrictions for each datetime
-                    // but adjust datetime qty based on datetime reg limit
-                    $datetime_qty = min(EE_INF, $datetime->reg_limit());
-                    // echo "\n . . . datetime reg_limit: " . $datetime->reg_limit() . '<br />';
-                    // echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
-                    // if we want the actual saleable amount, then we need to consider OTHER ticket sales
-                    // and reservations for this datetime, that do NOT include sales and reservations
-                    // for this ticket (so we add $this->sold() and $this->reserved() back in)
-                    if ($context === 'saleable') {
-                        $datetime_qty = max(
-                            $datetime_qty - $datetime->sold_and_reserved() + $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket,
-                            0
-                        );
-                        // echo "\n . . . datetime sold: " . $datetime->sold() . '<br />';
-                        // echo "\n . . . datetime reserved: " . $datetime->reserved() . '<br />';
-                        // echo "\n . . . datetime sold_and_reserved: " . $datetime->sold_and_reserved() . '<br />';
-                        // echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
-                        $datetime_qty = ! $datetime->sold_out() ? $datetime_qty : 0;
-                        // echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
-                    }
-                    $qty = min($datetime_qty, $qty);
-                    // echo "\n . . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        // NOW that we know the  maximum number of tickets available for the datetime
-        // we can finally factor in the details for this specific ticket
-        if ($qty > 0 && $context === 'saleable') {
-            // and subtract the sales for THIS ticket
-            $qty = max($qty - $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket, 0);
-            // echo "\n . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
-        }
-        // echo "\nFINAL QTY: " . $qty . "<br /><br />";
-        return $qty;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets qty - IMPORTANT!!! Does NOT allow QTY to be set higher than the lowest reg limit of any related datetimes
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_qty($qty)
-    {
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                $qty = min($qty, $datetime->reg_limit());
-            }
-        }
-        $this->set('TKT_qty', $qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets uses
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function uses()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_uses');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets uses
-     *
-     * @param int $uses
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_uses($uses)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_uses', $uses);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns whether ticket is required or not.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function required()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_required');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets the TKT_required property
-     *
-     * @param boolean $required
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_required($required)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_required', $required);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets taxable
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function taxable()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_taxable');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets taxable
-     *
-     * @param boolean $taxable
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_taxable($taxable)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_taxable', $taxable);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets is_default
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_default()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_is_default');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets is_default
-     *
-     * @param boolean $is_default
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_is_default($is_default)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_is_default', $is_default);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets order
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function order()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_order');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets order
-     *
-     * @param int $order
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_order($order)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_order', $order);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets row
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function row()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_row');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets row
-     *
-     * @param int $row
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_row($row)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_row', $row);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets deleted
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function deleted()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_deleted');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets deleted
-     *
-     * @param boolean $deleted
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_deleted($deleted)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_deleted', $deleted);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets parent
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function parent_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_parent');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets parent
-     *
-     * @param int $parent
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_parent_ID($parent)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_parent', $parent);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function reverse_calculate()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_reverse_calculate');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param boolean $reverse_calculate
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_reverse_calculate($reverse_calculate)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_reverse_calculate', $reverse_calculate);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a string which is handy for showing in gateways etc that describes the ticket.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function name_and_info()
-    {
-        $times = [];
-        foreach ($this->datetimes() as $datetime) {
-            $times[] = $datetime->start_date_and_time();
-        }
-        return $this->name() . ' @ ' . implode(', ', $times) . ' for ' . $this->pretty_price();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets name
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_name');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets price
-     *
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function price()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_price');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the registrations for this ticket
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Registration[]|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function registrations($query_params = [])
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the TKT_sold attribute (and saves) based on the number of APPROVED registrations for this ticket.
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function update_tickets_sold()
-    {
-        $count_regs_for_this_ticket = $this->count_registrations(
-            [
-                [
-                    'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
-                    'REG_deleted' => 0,
-                ],
-            ]
-        );
-        $this->set_sold($count_regs_for_this_ticket);
-        $this->save();
-        return $count_regs_for_this_ticket;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Counts the registrations for this ticket
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function count_registrations($query_params = [])
-    {
-        return $this->count_related('Registration', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Has_Icon interface method.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @see EEI_Visual_Representation for comments
-     */
-    public function get_icon()
-    {
-        return '<span class="dashicons dashicons-tickets-alt"></span>';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
-     *
-     * @return EE_Event
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
-     */
-    public function get_related_event()
-    {
-        // get one datetime to use for getting the event
-        $datetime = $this->first_datetime();
-        if (! $datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-            throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
-                $datetime,
-                'EE_Datetime',
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('The ticket (%s) is not associated with any valid datetimes.', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $this->name()
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $event = $datetime->event();
-        if (! $event instanceof EE_Event) {
-            throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
-                $event,
-                'EE_Event',
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('The ticket (%s) is not associated with a valid event.', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $this->name()
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $event;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
-     */
-    public function get_event_name()
-    {
-        $event = $this->get_related_event();
-        return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
-     */
-    public function get_event_ID()
-    {
-        $event = $this->get_related_event();
-        return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->ID() : 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns whether a ticket can be permanently deleted or not.
-     * The criteria for determining this is whether the ticket has any related registrations.
-     * If there are none then it can be permanently deleted.
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_permanently_deleteable()
-    {
-        return $this->count_registrations() === 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function visibility(): int
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_visibility');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function isHidden(): int
-    {
-        return $this->visibility() === EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_NONE_VALUE;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function isNotHidden(): int
-    {
-        return $this->visibility() > EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_NONE_VALUE;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function isPublicOnly(): int
-    {
-        return $this->isNotHidden() && $this->visibility() <= EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_PUBLIC_VALUE;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function isMembersOnly(): int
-    {
-        return $this->visibility() > EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_PUBLIC_VALUE
-               && $this->visibility() <= EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_MEMBERS_ONLY_VALUE;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function isAdminsOnly(): int
-    {
-        return $this->visibility() > EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_MEMBERS_ONLY_VALUE
-               && $this->visibility() <= EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_ADMINS_ONLY_VALUE;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function isAdminUiOnly(): int
-    {
-        return $this->visibility() > EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_ADMINS_ONLY_VALUE
-               && $this->visibility() <= EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_ADMIN_UI_ONLY_VALUE;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $visibility
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function set_visibility(int $visibility)
-    {
-
-        $ticket_visibility_options = $this->_model->ticketVisibilityOptions();
-        $ticket_visibility         = -1;
-        foreach ($ticket_visibility_options as $ticket_visibility_option) {
-            if ($visibility === $ticket_visibility_option) {
-                $ticket_visibility = $visibility;
-            }
-        }
-        if ($ticket_visibility === -1) {
-            throw new DomainException(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The supplied ticket visibility setting of "%1$s" is not valid. It needs to match one of the keys in the following array:%2$s %3$s ',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $visibility,
-                    '<br />',
-                    var_export($ticket_visibility_options, true)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $this->set('TKT_visibility', $ticket_visibility);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-     * @param string                   $relationName
-     * @param array                    $extra_join_model_fields_n_values
-     * @param string|null              $cache_id
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function _add_relation_to(
-        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-        $relationName,
-        $extra_join_model_fields_n_values = [],
-        $cache_id = null
-    ) {
-        if ($relationName === 'Datetime' && ! $this->hasRelation($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName)) {
-            /** @var EE_Datetime $datetime */
-            $datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance()->ensure_is_obj($otherObjectModelObjectOrID);
-            $datetime->increaseSold($this->sold(), false);
-            $datetime->increaseReserved($this->reserved());
-            $datetime->save();
-            $otherObjectModelObjectOrID = $datetime;
-        }
-        return parent::_add_relation_to(
-            $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-            $relationName,
-            $extra_join_model_fields_n_values,
-            $cache_id
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-     * @param string                   $relationName
-     * @param array                    $where_query
-     * @return bool|EE_Base_Class|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = [])
-    {
-        // if we're adding a new relation to a datetime
-        if ($relationName === 'Datetime' && $this->hasRelation($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName)) {
-            /** @var EE_Datetime $datetime */
-            $datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance()->ensure_is_obj($otherObjectModelObjectOrID);
-            $datetime->decreaseSold($this->sold());
-            $datetime->decreaseReserved($this->reserved());
-            $datetime->save();
-            $otherObjectModelObjectOrID = $datetime;
-        }
-        return parent::_remove_relation_to(
-            $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-            $relationName,
-            $where_query
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     */
-    public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = [])
-    {
-        if ($relationName === 'Datetime') {
-            $datetimes = $this->datetimes();
-            foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                $datetime->decreaseSold($this->sold());
-                $datetime->decreaseReserved($this->reserved());
-                $datetime->save();
-            }
-        }
-        return parent::_remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /*******************************************************************
+	/**
+	 * TicKet Archived:
+	 * constant used by ticket_status() to indicate that a ticket is archived
+	 * and no longer available for purchase
+	 */
+	const archived = 'TKA';
+
+	/**
+	 * TicKet Expired:
+	 * constant used by ticket_status() to indicate that a ticket is expired
+	 * and no longer available for purchase
+	 */
+	const expired = 'TKE';
+
+	/**
+	 * TicKet On sale:
+	 * constant used by ticket_status() to indicate that a ticket is On Sale
+	 * and IS available for purchase
+	 */
+	const onsale = 'TKO';
+
+	/**
+	 * TicKet Pending:
+	 * constant used by ticket_status() to indicate that a ticket is pending
+	 * and is NOT YET available for purchase
+	 */
+	const pending = 'TKP';
+
+	/**
+	 * TicKet Sold out:
+	 * constant used by ticket_status() to indicate that a ticket is sold out
+	 * and no longer available for purchases
+	 */
+	const sold_out = 'TKS';
+
+	/**
+	 * extra meta key for tracking ticket reservations
+	 *
+	 * @type string
+	 */
+	const META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS = 'ticket_reservations';
+
+	/**
+	 * override of parent property
+	 *
+	 * @var EEM_Ticket
+	 */
+	protected $_model;
+
+	/**
+	 * cached result from method of the same name
+	 *
+	 * @var float $_ticket_total_with_taxes
+	 */
+	private $_ticket_total_with_taxes;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var TicketPriceModifiers
+	 */
+	protected $ticket_price_modifiers;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Ticket
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = [], $timezone = null, $date_formats = [])
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ?: new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Ticket
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = [], $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $fieldValues
+	 * @param false  $bydb
+	 * @param string $timezone
+	 * @param array  $date_formats
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function __construct($fieldValues = [], $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = [])
+	{
+		parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		$this->ticket_price_modifiers = new TicketPriceModifiers($this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function parent()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_parent');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * return if a ticket has quantities available for purchase
+	 *
+	 * @param int $DTT_ID the primary key for a particular datetime
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function available($DTT_ID = 0)
+	{
+		// are we checking availability for a particular datetime ?
+		if ($DTT_ID) {
+			// get that datetime object
+			$datetime = $this->get_first_related('Datetime', [['DTT_ID' => $DTT_ID]]);
+			// if  ticket sales for this datetime have exceeded the reg limit...
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime && $datetime->sold_out()) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		// datetime is still open for registration, but is this ticket sold out ?
+		return $this->qty() < 1 || $this->qty() > $this->sold();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Using the start date and end date this method calculates whether the ticket is On Sale, Pending, or Expired
+	 *
+	 * @param bool        $display   true = we'll return a localized string, otherwise we just return the value of the
+	 *                               relevant status const
+	 * @param bool | null $remaining if it is already known that tickets are available, then simply pass a bool to save
+	 *                               further processing
+	 * @return mixed status int if the display string isn't requested
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function ticket_status($display = false, $remaining = null)
+	{
+		$remaining = is_bool($remaining) ? $remaining : $this->is_remaining();
+		if (! $remaining) {
+			return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::sold_out, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::sold_out;
+		}
+		if ($this->get('TKT_deleted')) {
+			return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::archived, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::archived;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_expired()) {
+			return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::expired, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::expired;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_pending()) {
+			return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::pending, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::pending;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_on_sale()) {
+			return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::onsale, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::onsale;
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * The purpose of this method is to simply return a boolean for whether there are any tickets remaining for sale
+	 * considering ALL the factors used for figuring that out.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $DTT_ID if an int above 0 is included here then we get a specific dtt.
+	 * @return boolean         true = tickets remaining, false not.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_remaining($DTT_ID = 0)
+	{
+		$num_remaining = $this->remaining($DTT_ID);
+		if ($num_remaining === 0) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if ($num_remaining > 0 && $num_remaining < $this->min()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * return the total number of tickets available for purchase
+	 *
+	 * @param int $DTT_ID  the primary key for a particular datetime.
+	 *                     set to 0 for all related datetimes
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function remaining($DTT_ID = 0)
+	{
+		return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket('saleable', $DTT_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets min
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function min()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_min');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * return if a ticket is no longer available cause its available dates have expired.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_expired()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('TKT_end_date') < time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Return if a ticket is yet to go on sale or not
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_pending()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('TKT_start_date') >= time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Return if a ticket is on sale or not
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_on_sale()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('TKT_start_date') <= time() && $this->get_raw('TKT_end_date') >= time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the chronologically last datetime that this ticket is associated with
+	 *
+	 * @param string $date_format
+	 * @param string $conjunction - conjunction junction what's your function ? this string joins the start date with
+	 *                            the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function date_range($date_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		$date_format = ! empty($date_format) ? $date_format : $this->_dt_frmt;
+		$first_date  = $this->first_datetime() instanceof EE_Datetime
+			? $this->first_datetime()->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $date_format)
+			: '';
+		$last_date   = $this->last_datetime() instanceof EE_Datetime
+			? $this->last_datetime()->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $date_format)
+			: '';
+
+		return $first_date && $last_date ? $first_date . $conjunction . $last_date : '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the chronologically first datetime that this ticket is associated with
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function first_datetime()
+	{
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes(['limit' => 1]);
+		return reset($datetimes);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes this ticket can be used for attending.
+	 * Unless otherwise specified, orders datetimes by start date.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Datetime[]|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetimes($query_params = [])
+	{
+		if (! isset($query_params['order_by'])) {
+			$query_params['order_by']['DTT_order'] = 'ASC';
+		}
+		return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the chronologically last datetime that this ticket is associated with
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function last_datetime()
+	{
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes(['limit' => 1, 'order_by' => ['DTT_EVT_start' => 'DESC']]);
+		return end($datetimes);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the total tickets sold depending on the given parameters.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $what    Can be one of two options: 'ticket', 'datetime'.
+	 *                        'ticket' = total ticket sales for all datetimes this ticket is related to
+	 *                        'datetime' = total ticket sales for a specified datetime (required $dtt_id)
+	 *                        'datetime' = total ticket sales in the datetime_ticket table.
+	 *                        If $dtt_id is not given then we return an array of sales indexed by datetime.
+	 *                        If $dtt_id IS given then we return the tickets sold for that given datetime.
+	 * @param int    $dtt_id  [optional] include the dtt_id with $what = 'datetime'.
+	 * @return mixed (array|int)          how many tickets have sold
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function tickets_sold($what = 'ticket', $dtt_id = null)
+	{
+		$total        = 0;
+		$tickets_sold = $this->_all_tickets_sold();
+		switch ($what) {
+			case 'ticket':
+				return $tickets_sold['ticket'];
+
+			case 'datetime':
+				if (empty($tickets_sold['datetime'])) {
+					return $total;
+				}
+				if (! empty($dtt_id) && ! isset($tickets_sold['datetime'][ $dtt_id ])) {
+					EE_Error::add_error(
+						esc_html__(
+							'You\'ve requested the amount of tickets sold for a given ticket and datetime, however there are no records for the datetime id you included.  Are you SURE that is a datetime related to this ticket?',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						__FILE__,
+						__FUNCTION__,
+						__LINE__
+					);
+					return $total;
+				}
+				return empty($dtt_id) ? $tickets_sold['datetime'] : $tickets_sold['datetime'][ $dtt_id ];
+
+			default:
+				return $total;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns an array indexed by datetime_id for tickets sold with this ticket.
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _all_tickets_sold()
+	{
+		$datetimes    = $this->get_many_related('Datetime');
+		$tickets_sold = [];
+		if (! empty($datetimes)) {
+			foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+				$tickets_sold['datetime'][ $datetime->ID() ] = $datetime->get('DTT_sold');
+			}
+		}
+		// Tickets sold
+		$tickets_sold['ticket'] = $this->sold();
+		return $tickets_sold;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the base price object for the ticket.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $return_array whether to return as an array indexed by price id or just the object.
+	 * @return EE_Price|EE_Base_Class|EE_Price[]|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function base_price(bool $return_array = false)
+	{
+		$base_price = $this->ticket_price_modifiers->getBasePrice();
+		if (! empty($base_price)) {
+			return $return_array ? $base_price : reset($base_price);
+		}
+		$_where = ['Price_Type.PBT_ID' => EEM_Price_Type::base_type_base_price];
+		return $return_array
+			? $this->get_many_related('Price', [$_where])
+			: $this->get_first_related('Price', [$_where]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns ONLY the price modifiers for the ticket (i.e. no taxes or base price)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Price[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function price_modifiers(): array
+	{
+		$price_modifiers = $this->usesGlobalTaxes()
+			? $this->ticket_price_modifiers->getAllDiscountAndSurchargeModifiersForTicket()
+			: $this->ticket_price_modifiers ->getAllModifiersForTicket();
+		if (! empty($price_modifiers)) {
+			return $price_modifiers;
+		}
+		return $this->prices(
+			[
+				[
+					'Price_Type.PBT_ID' => [
+						'NOT IN',
+						[EEM_Price_Type::base_type_base_price, EEM_Price_Type::base_type_tax],
+					]
+				]
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns ONLY the TAX price modifiers for the ticket
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Price[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function tax_price_modifiers(): array
+	{
+		$tax_price_modifiers = $this->ticket_price_modifiers->getAllTaxesForTicket();
+		if (! empty($tax_price_modifiers)) {
+			return $tax_price_modifiers;
+		}
+		return $this->prices([['Price_Type.PBT_ID' => EEM_Price_Type::base_type_tax]]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the prices that combine to form the final price of this ticket
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Price[]|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function prices(array $query_params = []): array
+	{
+		if (! isset($query_params['order_by'])) {
+			$query_params['order_by']['PRC_order'] = 'ASC';
+		}
+		return $this->get_many_related('Price', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the ticket datetimes (ie, relations between datetimes and tickets)
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Datetime_Ticket|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetime_tickets($query_params = [])
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Datetime_Ticket', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes from the db ordered by DTT_order
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $show_expired
+	 * @param boolean $show_deleted
+	 * @return EE_Datetime[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetimes_ordered($show_expired = true, $show_deleted = false)
+	{
+		return EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_datetimes_for_ticket_ordered_by_DTT_order(
+			$this->ID(),
+			$show_expired,
+			$show_deleted
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets ID
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function ID()
+	{
+		return (int) $this->get('TKT_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get the author of the ticket.
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	public function wp_user()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_wp_user');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the template for the ticket
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Ticket_Template|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function template()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Ticket_Template');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Simply returns an array of EE_Price objects that are taxes.
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Price[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_taxes_for_admin(): array
+	{
+		return $this->usesGlobalTaxes() ? EE_Taxes::get_taxes_for_admin() : $this->tax_price_modifiers();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * alias of taxable() to better indicate that ticket uses the legacy method of applying default "global" taxes
+	 * as opposed to having tax price modifiers added directly to each ticket
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function usesGlobalTaxes(): bool
+	{
+		return $this->taxable();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function ticket_price()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_price');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function pretty_price()
+	{
+		return $this->get_pretty('TKT_price');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_free()
+	{
+		return $this->get_ticket_total_with_taxes() === (float) 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get_ticket_total_with_taxes
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $no_cache
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_total_with_taxes($no_cache = false)
+	{
+		if ($this->_ticket_total_with_taxes === null || $no_cache) {
+			$this->_ticket_total_with_taxes = $this->usesGlobalTaxes()
+				? $this->get_ticket_subtotal() + $this->get_ticket_taxes_total_for_admin()
+				: $this->ticket_price();
+		}
+		return (float) $this->_ticket_total_with_taxes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function ensure_TKT_Price_correct()
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_price', EE_Taxes::get_subtotal_for_admin($this));
+		$this->save();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_subtotal()
+	{
+		return EE_Taxes::get_subtotal_for_admin($this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the total taxes applied to this ticket
+	 *
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_taxes_total_for_admin()
+	{
+		return EE_Taxes::get_total_taxes_for_admin($this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets name
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_name($name)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_name', $name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets description
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function description()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_description');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets description
+	 *
+	 * @param string $description
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_description($description)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_description', $description);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets start_date
+	 *
+	 * @param string $date_format
+	 * @param string $time_format
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function start_date($date_format = '', $time_format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime('TKT_start_date', $date_format, $time_format);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets start_date
+	 *
+	 * @param string $start_date
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_start_date($start_date)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('B', $start_date, 'TKT_start_date');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets end_date
+	 *
+	 * @param string $date_format
+	 * @param string $time_format
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function end_date($date_format = '', $time_format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime('TKT_end_date', $date_format, $time_format);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets end_date
+	 *
+	 * @param string $end_date
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_end_date($end_date)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('B', $end_date, 'TKT_end_date');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets sell until time
+	 *
+	 * @param string $time a string representation of the sell until time (ex 9am or 7:30pm)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	public function set_end_time($time)
+	{
+		$this->_set_time_for($time, 'TKT_end_date');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets min
+	 *
+	 * @param int $min
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_min($min)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_min', $min);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets max
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function max()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_max');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets max
+	 *
+	 * @param int $max
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_max($max)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_max', $max);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets price
+	 *
+	 * @param float $price
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_price($price)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_price', $price);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets sold
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function sold(): int
+	{
+		return (int) $this->get_raw('TKT_sold');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets sold
+	 *
+	 * @param int $sold
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_sold($sold)
+	{
+		// sold can not go below zero
+		$sold = max(0, $sold);
+		$this->set('TKT_sold', $sold);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty AND decrements the reserved count on both this ticket and its
+	 * associated datetimes.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	public function increaseSold($qty = 1)
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		// increment sold and decrement reserved datetime quantities simultaneously
+		// don't worry about failures, because they must have already had a spot reserved
+		$this->increaseSoldForDatetimes($qty);
+		// Increment and decrement ticket quantities simultaneously
+		$success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
+			[
+				'TKT_reserved' => $qty * -1,
+				'TKT_sold'     => $qty,
+			]
+		);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_sold',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->sold(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * On each datetime related to this ticket, increases its sold count and decreases its reserved count by $qty.
+	 *
+	 * @param int           $qty positive or negative. Positive means to increase sold counts (and decrease reserved
+	 *                           counts), Negative means to decreases old counts (and increase reserved counts).
+	 * @param EE_Datetime[] $datetimes
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	protected function increaseSoldForDatetimes($qty, array $datetimes = [])
+	{
+		$datetimes = ! empty($datetimes) ? $datetimes : $this->datetimes();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			$datetime->increaseSold($qty);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) sold by amount passed by $qty on both the ticket and its related datetimes directly in the
+	 * DB and then updates the model objects.
+	 * Does not affect the reserved counts.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	public function decreaseSold($qty = 1)
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		$this->decreaseSoldForDatetimes($qty);
+		$success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
+			[
+				'TKT_sold' => $qty * -1,
+			]
+		);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_sold',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->sold(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decreases sold on related datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @param int           $qty
+	 * @param EE_Datetime[] $datetimes
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	protected function decreaseSoldForDatetimes($qty = 1, array $datetimes = [])
+	{
+		$datetimes = ! empty($datetimes) ? $datetimes : $this->datetimes();
+		if (is_array($datetimes)) {
+			foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+				if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+					$datetime->decreaseSold($qty);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets qty of reserved tickets
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function reserved(): int
+	{
+		return (int) $this->get_raw('TKT_reserved');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets reserved
+	 *
+	 * @param int $reserved
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_reserved($reserved)
+	{
+		// reserved can not go below zero
+		$reserved = max(0, (int) $reserved);
+		$this->set('TKT_reserved', $reserved);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @param int    $qty
+	 * @param string $source
+	 * @return bool whether we successfully reserved the ticket or not.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	public function increaseReserved($qty = 1, $source = 'unknown')
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_reserved__begin',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$source
+		);
+		$this->add_extra_meta(EE_Ticket::META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS, "{$qty} from {$source}");
+		$success                         = false;
+		$datetimes_adjusted_successfully = $this->increaseReservedForDatetimes($qty);
+		if ($datetimes_adjusted_successfully) {
+			$success = $this->incrementFieldConditionallyInDb(
+				'TKT_reserved',
+				'TKT_sold',
+				'TKT_qty',
+				$qty
+			);
+			if (! $success) {
+				// The datetimes were successfully bumped, but not the
+				// ticket. So we need to manually rollback the datetimes.
+				$this->decreaseReservedForDatetimes($qty);
+			}
+		}
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_reserved',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->reserved(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increases reserved counts on related datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @param int           $qty
+	 * @param EE_Datetime[] $datetimes
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	protected function increaseReservedForDatetimes($qty = 1, array $datetimes = [])
+	{
+		$datetimes         = ! empty($datetimes) ? $datetimes : $this->datetimes();
+		$datetimes_updated = [];
+		$limit_exceeded    = false;
+		if (is_array($datetimes)) {
+			foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+				if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+					if ($datetime->increaseReserved($qty)) {
+						$datetimes_updated[] = $datetime;
+					} else {
+						$limit_exceeded = true;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			// If somewhere along the way we detected a datetime whose
+			// limit was exceeded, do a manual rollback.
+			if ($limit_exceeded) {
+				$this->decreaseReservedForDatetimes($qty, $datetimes_updated);
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @param int    $qty
+	 * @param bool   $adjust_datetimes
+	 * @param string $source
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	public function decreaseReserved($qty = 1, $adjust_datetimes = true, $source = 'unknown')
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		$this->add_extra_meta(EE_Ticket::META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS, "-{$qty} from {$source}");
+		if ($adjust_datetimes) {
+			$this->decreaseReservedForDatetimes($qty);
+		}
+		$success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
+			[
+				'TKT_reserved' => $qty * -1,
+			]
+		);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_reserved',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->reserved(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decreases the reserved count on the specified datetimes.
+	 *
+	 * @param int           $qty
+	 * @param EE_Datetime[] $datetimes
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	protected function decreaseReservedForDatetimes($qty = 1, array $datetimes = [])
+	{
+		$datetimes = ! empty($datetimes) ? $datetimes : $this->datetimes();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				$datetime->decreaseReserved($qty);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets ticket quantity
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context     ticket quantity is somewhat subjective depending on the exact information sought
+	 *                            therefore $context can be one of three values: '', 'reg_limit', or 'saleable'
+	 *                            '' (default) quantity is the actual db value for TKT_qty, unaffected by other objects
+	 *                            REG LIMIT: caps qty based on DTT_reg_limit for ALL related datetimes
+	 *                            SALEABLE: also considers datetime sold and returns zero if ANY DTT is sold out, and
+	 *                            is therefore the truest measure of tickets that can be purchased at the moment
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function qty($context = '')
+	{
+		switch ($context) {
+			case 'reg_limit':
+				return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket();
+			case 'saleable':
+				return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket('saleable');
+			default:
+				return $this->get_raw('TKT_qty');
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets ticket quantity
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context     ticket quantity is somewhat subjective depending on the exact information sought
+	 *                            therefore $context can be one of two values: 'reg_limit', or 'saleable'
+	 *                            REG LIMIT: caps qty based on DTT_reg_limit for ALL related datetimes
+	 *                            SALEABLE: also considers datetime sold and returns zero if ANY DTT is sold out, and
+	 *                            is therefore the truest measure of tickets that can be purchased at the moment
+	 * @param int    $DTT_ID      the primary key for a particular datetime.
+	 *                            set to 0 for all related datetimes
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function real_quantity_on_ticket($context = 'reg_limit', $DTT_ID = 0)
+	{
+		$raw = $this->get_raw('TKT_qty');
+		// return immediately if it's zero
+		if ($raw === 0) {
+			return $raw;
+		}
+		// echo "\n\n<br />Ticket: " . $this->name() . '<br />';
+		// ensure qty doesn't exceed raw value for THIS ticket
+		$qty = min(EE_INF, $raw);
+		// echo "\n . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
+		// calculate this ticket's total sales and reservations
+		$sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket = $this->sold() + $this->reserved();
+		// echo "\n . sold: " . $this->sold() . '<br />';
+		// echo "\n . reserved: " . $this->reserved() . '<br />';
+		// echo "\n . sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket: " . $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket . '<br />';
+		// first we need to calculate the maximum number of tickets available for the datetime
+		// do we want data for one datetime or all of them ?
+		$query_params = $DTT_ID ? [['DTT_ID' => $DTT_ID]] : [];
+		$datetimes    = $this->datetimes($query_params);
+		if (is_array($datetimes) && ! empty($datetimes)) {
+			foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+				if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+					$datetime->refresh_from_db();
+					// echo "\n . . datetime name: " . $datetime->name() . '<br />';
+					// echo "\n . . datetime ID: " . $datetime->ID() . '<br />';
+					// initialize with no restrictions for each datetime
+					// but adjust datetime qty based on datetime reg limit
+					$datetime_qty = min(EE_INF, $datetime->reg_limit());
+					// echo "\n . . . datetime reg_limit: " . $datetime->reg_limit() . '<br />';
+					// echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
+					// if we want the actual saleable amount, then we need to consider OTHER ticket sales
+					// and reservations for this datetime, that do NOT include sales and reservations
+					// for this ticket (so we add $this->sold() and $this->reserved() back in)
+					if ($context === 'saleable') {
+						$datetime_qty = max(
+							$datetime_qty - $datetime->sold_and_reserved() + $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket,
+							0
+						);
+						// echo "\n . . . datetime sold: " . $datetime->sold() . '<br />';
+						// echo "\n . . . datetime reserved: " . $datetime->reserved() . '<br />';
+						// echo "\n . . . datetime sold_and_reserved: " . $datetime->sold_and_reserved() . '<br />';
+						// echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
+						$datetime_qty = ! $datetime->sold_out() ? $datetime_qty : 0;
+						// echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
+					}
+					$qty = min($datetime_qty, $qty);
+					// echo "\n . . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// NOW that we know the  maximum number of tickets available for the datetime
+		// we can finally factor in the details for this specific ticket
+		if ($qty > 0 && $context === 'saleable') {
+			// and subtract the sales for THIS ticket
+			$qty = max($qty - $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket, 0);
+			// echo "\n . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
+		}
+		// echo "\nFINAL QTY: " . $qty . "<br /><br />";
+		return $qty;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets qty - IMPORTANT!!! Does NOT allow QTY to be set higher than the lowest reg limit of any related datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_qty($qty)
+	{
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				$qty = min($qty, $datetime->reg_limit());
+			}
+		}
+		$this->set('TKT_qty', $qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets uses
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function uses()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_uses');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets uses
+	 *
+	 * @param int $uses
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_uses($uses)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_uses', $uses);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns whether ticket is required or not.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function required()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_required');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets the TKT_required property
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $required
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_required($required)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_required', $required);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets taxable
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function taxable()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_taxable');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets taxable
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $taxable
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_taxable($taxable)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_taxable', $taxable);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets is_default
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_default()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_is_default');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets is_default
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $is_default
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_is_default($is_default)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_is_default', $is_default);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets order
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function order()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_order');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets order
+	 *
+	 * @param int $order
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_order($order)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_order', $order);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets row
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function row()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_row');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets row
+	 *
+	 * @param int $row
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_row($row)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_row', $row);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets deleted
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function deleted()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_deleted');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets deleted
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $deleted
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_deleted($deleted)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_deleted', $deleted);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets parent
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function parent_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_parent');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets parent
+	 *
+	 * @param int $parent
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_parent_ID($parent)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_parent', $parent);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function reverse_calculate()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_reverse_calculate');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param boolean $reverse_calculate
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_reverse_calculate($reverse_calculate)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_reverse_calculate', $reverse_calculate);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a string which is handy for showing in gateways etc that describes the ticket.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function name_and_info()
+	{
+		$times = [];
+		foreach ($this->datetimes() as $datetime) {
+			$times[] = $datetime->start_date_and_time();
+		}
+		return $this->name() . ' @ ' . implode(', ', $times) . ' for ' . $this->pretty_price();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets name
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_name');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets price
+	 *
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function price()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_price');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the registrations for this ticket
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Registration[]|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function registrations($query_params = [])
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the TKT_sold attribute (and saves) based on the number of APPROVED registrations for this ticket.
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function update_tickets_sold()
+	{
+		$count_regs_for_this_ticket = $this->count_registrations(
+			[
+				[
+					'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
+					'REG_deleted' => 0,
+				],
+			]
+		);
+		$this->set_sold($count_regs_for_this_ticket);
+		$this->save();
+		return $count_regs_for_this_ticket;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Counts the registrations for this ticket
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function count_registrations($query_params = [])
+	{
+		return $this->count_related('Registration', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Has_Icon interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @see EEI_Visual_Representation for comments
+	 */
+	public function get_icon()
+	{
+		return '<span class="dashicons dashicons-tickets-alt"></span>';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Event
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
+	 */
+	public function get_related_event()
+	{
+		// get one datetime to use for getting the event
+		$datetime = $this->first_datetime();
+		if (! $datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+			throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
+				$datetime,
+				'EE_Datetime',
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('The ticket (%s) is not associated with any valid datetimes.', 'event_espresso'),
+					$this->name()
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$event = $datetime->event();
+		if (! $event instanceof EE_Event) {
+			throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
+				$event,
+				'EE_Event',
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('The ticket (%s) is not associated with a valid event.', 'event_espresso'),
+					$this->name()
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $event;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
+	 */
+	public function get_event_name()
+	{
+		$event = $this->get_related_event();
+		return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
+	 */
+	public function get_event_ID()
+	{
+		$event = $this->get_related_event();
+		return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->ID() : 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns whether a ticket can be permanently deleted or not.
+	 * The criteria for determining this is whether the ticket has any related registrations.
+	 * If there are none then it can be permanently deleted.
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_permanently_deleteable()
+	{
+		return $this->count_registrations() === 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function visibility(): int
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_visibility');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function isHidden(): int
+	{
+		return $this->visibility() === EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_NONE_VALUE;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function isNotHidden(): int
+	{
+		return $this->visibility() > EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_NONE_VALUE;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function isPublicOnly(): int
+	{
+		return $this->isNotHidden() && $this->visibility() <= EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_PUBLIC_VALUE;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function isMembersOnly(): int
+	{
+		return $this->visibility() > EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_PUBLIC_VALUE
+			   && $this->visibility() <= EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_MEMBERS_ONLY_VALUE;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function isAdminsOnly(): int
+	{
+		return $this->visibility() > EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_MEMBERS_ONLY_VALUE
+			   && $this->visibility() <= EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_ADMINS_ONLY_VALUE;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function isAdminUiOnly(): int
+	{
+		return $this->visibility() > EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_ADMINS_ONLY_VALUE
+			   && $this->visibility() <= EEM_Ticket::TICKET_VISIBILITY_ADMIN_UI_ONLY_VALUE;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $visibility
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function set_visibility(int $visibility)
+	{
+
+		$ticket_visibility_options = $this->_model->ticketVisibilityOptions();
+		$ticket_visibility         = -1;
+		foreach ($ticket_visibility_options as $ticket_visibility_option) {
+			if ($visibility === $ticket_visibility_option) {
+				$ticket_visibility = $visibility;
+			}
+		}
+		if ($ticket_visibility === -1) {
+			throw new DomainException(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The supplied ticket visibility setting of "%1$s" is not valid. It needs to match one of the keys in the following array:%2$s %3$s ',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$visibility,
+					'<br />',
+					var_export($ticket_visibility_options, true)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$this->set('TKT_visibility', $ticket_visibility);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+	 * @param string                   $relationName
+	 * @param array                    $extra_join_model_fields_n_values
+	 * @param string|null              $cache_id
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function _add_relation_to(
+		$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+		$relationName,
+		$extra_join_model_fields_n_values = [],
+		$cache_id = null
+	) {
+		if ($relationName === 'Datetime' && ! $this->hasRelation($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName)) {
+			/** @var EE_Datetime $datetime */
+			$datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance()->ensure_is_obj($otherObjectModelObjectOrID);
+			$datetime->increaseSold($this->sold(), false);
+			$datetime->increaseReserved($this->reserved());
+			$datetime->save();
+			$otherObjectModelObjectOrID = $datetime;
+		}
+		return parent::_add_relation_to(
+			$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+			$relationName,
+			$extra_join_model_fields_n_values,
+			$cache_id
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+	 * @param string                   $relationName
+	 * @param array                    $where_query
+	 * @return bool|EE_Base_Class|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = [])
+	{
+		// if we're adding a new relation to a datetime
+		if ($relationName === 'Datetime' && $this->hasRelation($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName)) {
+			/** @var EE_Datetime $datetime */
+			$datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance()->ensure_is_obj($otherObjectModelObjectOrID);
+			$datetime->decreaseSold($this->sold());
+			$datetime->decreaseReserved($this->reserved());
+			$datetime->save();
+			$otherObjectModelObjectOrID = $datetime;
+		}
+		return parent::_remove_relation_to(
+			$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+			$relationName,
+			$where_query
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = [])
+	{
+		if ($relationName === 'Datetime') {
+			$datetimes = $this->datetimes();
+			foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+				$datetime->decreaseSold($this->sold());
+				$datetime->decreaseReserved($this->reserved());
+				$datetime->save();
+			}
+		}
+		return parent::_remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/*******************************************************************
      ***********************  DEPRECATED METHODS  **********************
      *******************************************************************/
 
 
-    /**
-     * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty AND decrements the reserved count on both this ticket and its
-     * associated datetimes.
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    public function increase_sold($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::increaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        $this->increaseSold($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * On each datetime related to this ticket, increases its sold count and decreases its reserved count by $qty.
-     *
-     * @param int $qty positive or negative. Positive means to increase sold counts (and decrease reserved counts),
-     *                 Negative means to decreases old counts (and increase reserved counts).
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    protected function _increase_sold_for_datetimes($qty)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::increaseSoldForDatetimes() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        $this->increaseSoldForDatetimes($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) sold by amount passed by $qty on both the ticket and its related datetimes directly in the
-     * DB and then updates the model objects.
-     * Does not affect the reserved counts.
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    public function decrease_sold($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::decreaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        $this->decreaseSold($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decreases sold on related datetimes
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    protected function _decrease_sold_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::decreaseSoldForDatetimes() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        $this->decreaseSoldForDatetimes($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @param int    $qty
-     * @param string $source
-     * @return bool whether we successfully reserved the ticket or not.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    public function increase_reserved($qty = 1, $source = 'unknown')
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::increaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        return $this->increaseReserved($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increases sold on related datetimes
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    protected function _increase_reserved_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::increaseReservedForDatetimes() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        return $this->increaseReservedForDatetimes($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @param int    $qty
-     * @param bool   $adjust_datetimes
-     * @param string $source
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    public function decrease_reserved($qty = 1, $adjust_datetimes = true, $source = 'unknown')
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::decreaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        $this->decreaseReserved($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decreases reserved on related datetimes
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    protected function _decrease_reserved_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::decreaseReservedForDatetimes() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        $this->decreaseReservedForDatetimes($qty);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty AND decrements the reserved count on both this ticket and its
+	 * associated datetimes.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	public function increase_sold($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::increaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		$this->increaseSold($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * On each datetime related to this ticket, increases its sold count and decreases its reserved count by $qty.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty positive or negative. Positive means to increase sold counts (and decrease reserved counts),
+	 *                 Negative means to decreases old counts (and increase reserved counts).
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	protected function _increase_sold_for_datetimes($qty)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::increaseSoldForDatetimes() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		$this->increaseSoldForDatetimes($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) sold by amount passed by $qty on both the ticket and its related datetimes directly in the
+	 * DB and then updates the model objects.
+	 * Does not affect the reserved counts.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	public function decrease_sold($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::decreaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		$this->decreaseSold($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decreases sold on related datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	protected function _decrease_sold_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::decreaseSoldForDatetimes() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		$this->decreaseSoldForDatetimes($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @param int    $qty
+	 * @param string $source
+	 * @return bool whether we successfully reserved the ticket or not.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	public function increase_reserved($qty = 1, $source = 'unknown')
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::increaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		return $this->increaseReserved($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increases sold on related datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	protected function _increase_reserved_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::increaseReservedForDatetimes() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		return $this->increaseReservedForDatetimes($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @param int    $qty
+	 * @param bool   $adjust_datetimes
+	 * @param string $source
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	public function decrease_reserved($qty = 1, $adjust_datetimes = true, $source = 'unknown')
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::decreaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		$this->decreaseReserved($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decreases reserved on related datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	protected function _decrease_reserved_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Ticket::decreaseReservedForDatetimes() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		$this->decreaseReservedForDatetimes($qty);
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Event.class.php

Indentation +1593 added lines, -1593 removed lines

@@ -16,1600 +16,1600 @@
  */
 class EE_Event extends EE_CPT_Base implements EEI_Line_Item_Object, EEI_Admin_Links, EEI_Has_Icon, EEI_Event
 {
-    /**
-     * cached value for the the logical active status for the event
-     *
-     * @see get_active_status()
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_active_status = '';
-
-    /**
-     * This is just used for caching the Primary Datetime for the Event on initial retrieval
-     *
-     * @var EE_Datetime
-     */
-    protected $_Primary_Datetime;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EventSpacesCalculator $available_spaces_calculator
-     */
-    protected $available_spaces_calculator;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Event
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = [], $timezone = null, $date_formats = []): EE_Event
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ?: new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Event
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = [], $timezone = null): EE_Event
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EventSpacesCalculator
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function getAvailableSpacesCalculator(): EventSpacesCalculator
-    {
-        if (! $this->available_spaces_calculator instanceof EventSpacesCalculator) {
-            $this->available_spaces_calculator = new EventSpacesCalculator($this);
-        }
-        return $this->available_spaces_calculator;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent set() method so that all calls to set( 'status', $status ) can be routed to internal methods
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param mixed  $field_value
-     * @param bool   $use_default
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
-    {
-        switch ($field_name) {
-            case 'status':
-                $this->set_status($field_value, $use_default);
-                break;
-            default:
-                parent::set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    set_status
-     * Checks if event status is being changed to SOLD OUT
-     * and updates event meta data with previous event status
-     * so that we can revert things if/when the event is no longer sold out
-     *
-     * @param string $status
-     * @param bool   $use_default
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_status($status = '', $use_default = false)
-    {
-        // if nothing is set, and we aren't explicitly wanting to reset the status, then just leave
-        if (empty($status) && ! $use_default) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // get current Event status
-        $old_status = $this->status();
-        // if status has changed
-        if ($old_status !== $status) {
-            // TO sold_out
-            if ($status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
-                // save the previous event status so that we can revert if the event is no longer sold out
-                $this->add_post_meta('_previous_event_status', $old_status);
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__to_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $status);
-                // OR FROM  sold_out
-            } elseif ($old_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
-                $this->delete_post_meta('_previous_event_status');
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__from_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $status);
-            }
-            // clear out the active status so that it gets reset the next time it is requested
-            $this->_active_status = null;
-            // update status
-            parent::set('status', $status, $use_default);
-            do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__after_update', $this);
-            return;
-        }
-        // even though the old value matches the new value, it's still good to
-        // allow the parent set method to have a say
-        parent::set('status', $status, $use_default);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes for this event
-     *
-     * @param array|null $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     */
-    public function datetimes(?array $query_params = []): array
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes for this event that are currently ACTIVE,
-     * meaning the datetime has started and has not yet ended.
-     *
-     * @param int|null   $start_date   timestamp to use for event date start time, defaults to NOW unless set to 0
-     * @param array|null $query_params will recursively replace default values
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     */
-    public function activeDatetimes(?int $start_date, ?array $query_params = []): array
-    {
-        // if start date is null, then use current time
-        $start_date = $start_date ?? time();
-        $where      = [];
-        if ($start_date) {
-            $where['DTT_EVT_start'] = ['<', $start_date];
-            $where['DTT_EVT_end']   = ['>', time()];
-        }
-        $query_params = array_replace_recursive(
-            [
-                $where,
-                'order_by' => ['DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC'],
-            ],
-            $query_params
-        );
-        return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by DTT_EVT_start in ascending order
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetimes_in_chronological_order(): array
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', ['order_by' => ['DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC']]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by the DTT_order on the datetime.
-     * @darren, we should probably UNSET timezone on the EEM_Datetime model
-     * after running our query, so that this timezone isn't set for EVERY query
-     * on EEM_Datetime for the rest of the request, no?
-     *
-     * @param bool     $show_expired whether or not to include expired events
-     * @param bool     $show_deleted whether or not to include deleted events
-     * @param int|null $limit
-     * @return EE_Datetime[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetimes_ordered(bool $show_expired = true, bool $show_deleted = false, ?int $limit = null): array
-    {
-        return EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_datetimes_for_event_ordered_by_DTT_order(
-            $this->ID(),
-            $show_expired,
-            $show_deleted,
-            $limit
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns one related datetime. Mostly only used by some legacy code.
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Datetime
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function first_datetime(): EE_Datetime
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Datetime');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the 'primary' datetime for the event
-     *
-     * @param bool $try_to_exclude_expired
-     * @param bool $try_to_exclude_deleted
-     * @return EE_Datetime|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function primary_datetime(
-        bool $try_to_exclude_expired = true,
-        bool $try_to_exclude_deleted = true
-    ): ?EE_Datetime {
-        if (! empty($this->_Primary_Datetime)) {
-            return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
-        }
-        $this->_Primary_Datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_primary_datetime_for_event(
-            $this->ID(),
-            $try_to_exclude_expired,
-            $try_to_exclude_deleted
-        );
-        return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the tickets available for purchase of this event
-     *
-     * @param array|null $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     */
-    public function tickets(?array $query_params = []): array
-    {
-        // first get all datetimes
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_ordered();
-        if (! $datetimes) {
-            return [];
-        }
-        $datetime_ids = [];
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            $datetime_ids[] = $datetime->ID();
-        }
-        $where_params = ['Datetime.DTT_ID' => ['IN', $datetime_ids]];
-        // if incoming $query_params has where conditions let's merge but not override existing.
-        if (is_array($query_params) && isset($query_params[0])) {
-            $where_params = array_merge($query_params[0], $where_params);
-            unset($query_params[0]);
-        }
-        // now add $where_params to $query_params
-        $query_params[0] = $where_params;
-        return EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get all unexpired not-trashed tickets
-     *
-     * @return EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function active_tickets(): array
-    {
-        return $this->tickets(
-            [
-                [
-                    'TKT_end_date' => ['>=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_end_date')],
-                    'TKT_deleted'  => false,
-                ],
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function additional_limit(): int
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_additional_limit');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function allow_overflow(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_allow_overflow');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function created(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_created');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function description(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Runs do_shortcode and wpautop on the description
-     *
-     * @return string of html
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function description_filtered(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get_pretty('EVT_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function display_description(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_display_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function display_ticket_selector(): bool
-    {
-        return (bool) $this->get('EVT_display_ticket_selector');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function external_url(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_external_URL');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function member_only(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_member_only');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function phone(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_phone');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function modified(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_modified');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function name(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_name');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function order(): int
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_order');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function default_registration_status(): string
-    {
-        $event_default_registration_status = $this->get('EVT_default_registration_status');
-        return ! empty($event_default_registration_status)
-            ? $event_default_registration_status
-            : EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->default_STS_ID;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int|null    $num_words
-     * @param string|null $more
-     * @param bool        $not_full_desc
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function short_description(?int $num_words = 55, string $more = null, bool $not_full_desc = false): string
-    {
-        $short_desc = $this->get('EVT_short_desc');
-        if (! empty($short_desc) || $not_full_desc) {
-            return $short_desc;
-        }
-        $full_desc = $this->get('EVT_desc');
-        return wp_trim_words($full_desc, $num_words, $more);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function slug(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_slug');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function timezone_string(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_timezone_string');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function visible_on(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_visible_on');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function wp_user(): int
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_wp_user');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function donations(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_donations');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $limit
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_additional_limit(int $limit)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_additional_limit', $limit);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $created
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_created($created)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_created', $created);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $desc
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_description($desc)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_desc', $desc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $display_desc
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_display_description($display_desc)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_display_desc', $display_desc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $display_ticket_selector
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_display_ticket_selector($display_ticket_selector)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_display_ticket_selector', $display_ticket_selector);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $external_url
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_external_url($external_url)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_external_URL', $external_url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $member_only
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_member_only($member_only)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_member_only', $member_only);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $event_phone
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_event_phone($event_phone)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_phone', $event_phone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $modified
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_modified($modified)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_modified', $modified);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $name
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_name($name)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_name', $name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $order
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_order($order)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_order', $order);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $short_desc
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_short_description($short_desc)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_short_desc', $short_desc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $slug
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_slug($slug)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_slug', $slug);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $timezone_string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_timezone_string($timezone_string)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_timezone_string', $timezone_string);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $visible_on
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_visible_on($visible_on)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_visible_on', $visible_on);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $wp_user
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_wp_user($wp_user)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_wp_user', $wp_user);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $default_registration_status
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_default_registration_status($default_registration_status)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_default_registration_status', $default_registration_status);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $donations
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_donations($donations)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_donations', $donations);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a venue to this event
-     *
-     * @param int|EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
-    {
-        return $this->_add_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a venue from the event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function remove_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
-    {
-        $venue_id_or_obj = ! empty($venue_id_or_obj) ? $venue_id_or_obj : $this->venue();
-        return $this->_remove_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     */
-    public function venue_ID(array $query_params = []): int
-    {
-        $venue = $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
-        return $venue instanceof EE_Venue ? $venue->ID() : 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     */
-    public function venue(array $query_params = []): EE_Venue
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Venue[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @deprecated $VID:$
-     */
-    public function venues(array $query_params = []): array
-    {
-        return [$this->venue($query_params)];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * check if event id is present and if event is published
-     *
-     * @return boolean true yes, false no
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _has_ID_and_is_published(): bool
-    {
-        // first check if event id is present and not NULL,
-        // then check if this event is published (or any of the equivalent "published" statuses)
-        return
-            $this->ID() && $this->ID() !== null
-            && (
-                $this->status() === 'publish'
-                || $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out
-                || $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed
-                || $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled
-            );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply compares the internal dates with NOW and determines if the event is upcoming or not.
-     *
-     * @return boolean true yes, false no
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_upcoming(): bool
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->is_inactive()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // set initial value
-        $upcoming = false;
-        // next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                // if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be upcoming.
-                if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                // if this dtt is active then we return false.
-                if ($datetime->is_active()) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // otherwise let's check upcoming status
-                $upcoming = $datetime->is_upcoming();
-            }
-        }
-        return $upcoming;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_active(): bool
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->is_inactive()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // set initial value
-        $active = false;
-        // next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                // if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be active.
-                if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                // if this dtt is upcoming then we return false.
-                if ($datetime->is_upcoming()) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // otherwise let's check active status
-                $active = $datetime->is_active();
-            }
-        }
-        return $active;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_expired(): bool
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->is_inactive()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // set initial value
-        $expired = false;
-        // first let's get all datetimes and loop through them
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                // if this dtt is upcoming or active then we return false.
-                if ($datetime->is_upcoming() || $datetime->is_active()) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // otherwise let's check active status
-                $expired = $datetime->is_expired();
-            }
-        }
-        return $expired;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_inactive(): bool
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->_has_ID_and_is_published()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * calculate spaces remaining based on "saleable" tickets
-     *
-     * @param array|null $tickets
-     * @param bool       $filtered
-     * @return int|float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function spaces_remaining(?array $tickets = [], ?bool $filtered = true)
-    {
-        $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->setActiveTickets($tickets);
-        $spaces_remaining = $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining();
-        return $filtered
-            ? apply_filters(
-                'FHEE_EE_Event__spaces_remaining',
-                $spaces_remaining,
-                $this,
-                $tickets
-            )
-            : $spaces_remaining;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    perform_sold_out_status_check
-     *    checks all of this event's datetime  reg_limit - sold values to determine if ANY datetimes have spaces
-     *    available... if NOT, then the event status will get toggled to 'sold_out'
-     *
-     * @return bool    return the ACTUAL sold out state.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function perform_sold_out_status_check(): bool
-    {
-        // get all tickets
-        $tickets     = $this->tickets(
-            [
-                'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
-                'order_by'                 => ['TKT_qty' => 'ASC'],
-            ]
-        );
-        $all_expired = true;
-        foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
-            if (! $ticket->is_expired()) {
-                $all_expired = false;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        // if all the tickets are just expired, then don't update the event status to sold out
-        if ($all_expired) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        $spaces_remaining = $this->spaces_remaining($tickets);
-        if ($spaces_remaining < 1) {
-            if ($this->status() !== EEM_CPT_Base::post_status_private) {
-                $this->set_status(EEM_Event::sold_out);
-                $this->save();
-            }
-            $sold_out = true;
-        } else {
-            $sold_out = false;
-            // was event previously marked as sold out ?
-            if ($this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
-                // revert status to previous value, if it was set
-                $previous_event_status = $this->get_post_meta('_previous_event_status', true);
-                if ($previous_event_status) {
-                    $this->set_status($previous_event_status);
-                    $this->save();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__perform_sold_out_status_check__end', $this, $sold_out, $spaces_remaining, $tickets);
-        return $sold_out;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the total remaining spaces for sale on this event.
-     *
-     * @return int|float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @uses EE_Event::total_available_spaces()
-     */
-    public function spaces_remaining_for_sale()
-    {
-        return $this->total_available_spaces(true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the total spaces available for an event
-     * while considering all the quantities on the tickets and the reg limits
-     * on the datetimes attached to this event.
-     *
-     * @param bool $consider_sold   Whether to consider any tickets that have already sold in our calculation.
-     *                              If this is false, then we return the most tickets that could ever be sold
-     *                              for this event with the datetime and tickets setup on the event under optimal
-     *                              selling conditions.  Otherwise we return a live calculation of spaces available
-     *                              based on tickets sold.  Depending on setup and stage of sales, this
-     *                              may appear to equal remaining tickets.  However, the more tickets are
-     *                              sold out, the more accurate the "live" total is.
-     * @return int|float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function total_available_spaces(bool $consider_sold = false)
-    {
-        $spaces_available = $consider_sold
-            ? $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining()
-            : $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->totalSpacesAvailable();
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE_EE_Event__total_available_spaces__spaces_available',
-            $spaces_available,
-            $this,
-            $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getDatetimes(),
-            $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getActiveTickets()
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the event is set to sold out
-     *
-     * @param bool $actual  whether or not to perform calculations to not only figure the
-     *                      actual status but also to flip the status if necessary to sold
-     *                      out If false, we just check the existing status of the event
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_sold_out(bool $actual = false): bool
-    {
-        if (! $actual) {
-            return $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out;
-        }
-        return $this->perform_sold_out_status_check();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the event is marked as postponed
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_postponed(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the event is marked as cancelled
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_cancelled(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the logical active status in a hierarchical order for all the datetimes.  Note
-     * Basically, we order the datetimes by EVT_start_date.  Then first test on whether the event is published.  If its
-     * NOT published then we test for whether its expired or not.  IF it IS published then we test first on whether an
-     * event has any active dates.  If no active dates then we check for any upcoming dates.  If no upcoming dates then
-     * the event is considered expired.
-     * NOTE: this method does NOT calculate whether the datetimes are sold out when event is published.  Sold Out is a
-     * status set on the EVENT when it is not published and thus is done
-     *
-     * @param bool $reset
-     * @return bool | string - based on EE_Datetime active constants or FALSE if error.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_active_status(bool $reset = false)
-    {
-        // if the active status has already been set, then just use that value (unless we are resetting it)
-        if (! empty($this->_active_status) && ! $reset) {
-            return $this->_active_status;
-        }
-        // first check if event id is present on this object
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        $where_params_for_event = [['EVT_ID' => $this->ID()]];
-        // if event is published:
-        if (
-            $this->status() === EEM_CPT_Base::post_status_publish
-            || $this->status() === EEM_CPT_Base::post_status_private
-        ) {
-            // active?
-            if (
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
-                    EE_Datetime::active,
-                    $where_params_for_event
-                ) > 0
-            ) {
-                $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::active;
-            } else {
-                // upcoming?
-                if (
-                    EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
-                        EE_Datetime::upcoming,
-                        $where_params_for_event
-                    ) > 0
-                ) {
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::upcoming;
-                } else {
-                    // expired?
-                    if (
-                        EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
-                            EE_Datetime::expired,
-                            $where_params_for_event
-                        ) > 0
-                    ) {
-                        $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::expired;
-                    } else {
-                        // it would be odd if things make it this far
-                        // because it basically means there are no datetimes attached to the event.
-                        // So in this case it will just be considered inactive.
-                        $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // the event is not published, so let's just set it's active status according to its' post status
-            switch ($this->status()) {
-                case EEM_Event::sold_out:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::sold_out;
-                    break;
-                case EEM_Event::cancelled:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::cancelled;
-                    break;
-                case EEM_Event::postponed:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::postponed;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_active_status;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    pretty_active_status
-     *
-     * @param boolean $echo whether to return (FALSE), or echo out the result (TRUE)
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function pretty_active_status(bool $echo = true): string
-    {
-        $active_status = $this->get_active_status();
-        $status        = "
+	/**
+	 * cached value for the the logical active status for the event
+	 *
+	 * @see get_active_status()
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_active_status = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * This is just used for caching the Primary Datetime for the Event on initial retrieval
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Datetime
+	 */
+	protected $_Primary_Datetime;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EventSpacesCalculator $available_spaces_calculator
+	 */
+	protected $available_spaces_calculator;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Event
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = [], $timezone = null, $date_formats = []): EE_Event
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ?: new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Event
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = [], $timezone = null): EE_Event
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EventSpacesCalculator
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function getAvailableSpacesCalculator(): EventSpacesCalculator
+	{
+		if (! $this->available_spaces_calculator instanceof EventSpacesCalculator) {
+			$this->available_spaces_calculator = new EventSpacesCalculator($this);
+		}
+		return $this->available_spaces_calculator;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent set() method so that all calls to set( 'status', $status ) can be routed to internal methods
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value
+	 * @param bool   $use_default
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
+	{
+		switch ($field_name) {
+			case 'status':
+				$this->set_status($field_value, $use_default);
+				break;
+			default:
+				parent::set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    set_status
+	 * Checks if event status is being changed to SOLD OUT
+	 * and updates event meta data with previous event status
+	 * so that we can revert things if/when the event is no longer sold out
+	 *
+	 * @param string $status
+	 * @param bool   $use_default
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_status($status = '', $use_default = false)
+	{
+		// if nothing is set, and we aren't explicitly wanting to reset the status, then just leave
+		if (empty($status) && ! $use_default) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// get current Event status
+		$old_status = $this->status();
+		// if status has changed
+		if ($old_status !== $status) {
+			// TO sold_out
+			if ($status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
+				// save the previous event status so that we can revert if the event is no longer sold out
+				$this->add_post_meta('_previous_event_status', $old_status);
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__to_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $status);
+				// OR FROM  sold_out
+			} elseif ($old_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
+				$this->delete_post_meta('_previous_event_status');
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__from_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $status);
+			}
+			// clear out the active status so that it gets reset the next time it is requested
+			$this->_active_status = null;
+			// update status
+			parent::set('status', $status, $use_default);
+			do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__after_update', $this);
+			return;
+		}
+		// even though the old value matches the new value, it's still good to
+		// allow the parent set method to have a say
+		parent::set('status', $status, $use_default);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes for this event
+	 *
+	 * @param array|null $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 */
+	public function datetimes(?array $query_params = []): array
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes for this event that are currently ACTIVE,
+	 * meaning the datetime has started and has not yet ended.
+	 *
+	 * @param int|null   $start_date   timestamp to use for event date start time, defaults to NOW unless set to 0
+	 * @param array|null $query_params will recursively replace default values
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 */
+	public function activeDatetimes(?int $start_date, ?array $query_params = []): array
+	{
+		// if start date is null, then use current time
+		$start_date = $start_date ?? time();
+		$where      = [];
+		if ($start_date) {
+			$where['DTT_EVT_start'] = ['<', $start_date];
+			$where['DTT_EVT_end']   = ['>', time()];
+		}
+		$query_params = array_replace_recursive(
+			[
+				$where,
+				'order_by' => ['DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC'],
+			],
+			$query_params
+		);
+		return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by DTT_EVT_start in ascending order
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetimes_in_chronological_order(): array
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', ['order_by' => ['DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC']]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by the DTT_order on the datetime.
+	 * @darren, we should probably UNSET timezone on the EEM_Datetime model
+	 * after running our query, so that this timezone isn't set for EVERY query
+	 * on EEM_Datetime for the rest of the request, no?
+	 *
+	 * @param bool     $show_expired whether or not to include expired events
+	 * @param bool     $show_deleted whether or not to include deleted events
+	 * @param int|null $limit
+	 * @return EE_Datetime[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetimes_ordered(bool $show_expired = true, bool $show_deleted = false, ?int $limit = null): array
+	{
+		return EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_datetimes_for_event_ordered_by_DTT_order(
+			$this->ID(),
+			$show_expired,
+			$show_deleted,
+			$limit
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns one related datetime. Mostly only used by some legacy code.
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function first_datetime(): EE_Datetime
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Datetime');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the 'primary' datetime for the event
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $try_to_exclude_expired
+	 * @param bool $try_to_exclude_deleted
+	 * @return EE_Datetime|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function primary_datetime(
+		bool $try_to_exclude_expired = true,
+		bool $try_to_exclude_deleted = true
+	): ?EE_Datetime {
+		if (! empty($this->_Primary_Datetime)) {
+			return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
+		}
+		$this->_Primary_Datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_primary_datetime_for_event(
+			$this->ID(),
+			$try_to_exclude_expired,
+			$try_to_exclude_deleted
+		);
+		return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the tickets available for purchase of this event
+	 *
+	 * @param array|null $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 */
+	public function tickets(?array $query_params = []): array
+	{
+		// first get all datetimes
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_ordered();
+		if (! $datetimes) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		$datetime_ids = [];
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			$datetime_ids[] = $datetime->ID();
+		}
+		$where_params = ['Datetime.DTT_ID' => ['IN', $datetime_ids]];
+		// if incoming $query_params has where conditions let's merge but not override existing.
+		if (is_array($query_params) && isset($query_params[0])) {
+			$where_params = array_merge($query_params[0], $where_params);
+			unset($query_params[0]);
+		}
+		// now add $where_params to $query_params
+		$query_params[0] = $where_params;
+		return EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get all unexpired not-trashed tickets
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function active_tickets(): array
+	{
+		return $this->tickets(
+			[
+				[
+					'TKT_end_date' => ['>=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_end_date')],
+					'TKT_deleted'  => false,
+				],
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function additional_limit(): int
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_additional_limit');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function allow_overflow(): bool
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_allow_overflow');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function created(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_created');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function description(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Runs do_shortcode and wpautop on the description
+	 *
+	 * @return string of html
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function description_filtered(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get_pretty('EVT_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function display_description(): bool
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_display_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function display_ticket_selector(): bool
+	{
+		return (bool) $this->get('EVT_display_ticket_selector');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function external_url(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_external_URL');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function member_only(): bool
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_member_only');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function phone(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_phone');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function modified(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_modified');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function name(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_name');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function order(): int
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_order');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function default_registration_status(): string
+	{
+		$event_default_registration_status = $this->get('EVT_default_registration_status');
+		return ! empty($event_default_registration_status)
+			? $event_default_registration_status
+			: EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->default_STS_ID;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int|null    $num_words
+	 * @param string|null $more
+	 * @param bool        $not_full_desc
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function short_description(?int $num_words = 55, string $more = null, bool $not_full_desc = false): string
+	{
+		$short_desc = $this->get('EVT_short_desc');
+		if (! empty($short_desc) || $not_full_desc) {
+			return $short_desc;
+		}
+		$full_desc = $this->get('EVT_desc');
+		return wp_trim_words($full_desc, $num_words, $more);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function slug(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_slug');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function timezone_string(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_timezone_string');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function visible_on(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_visible_on');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function wp_user(): int
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_wp_user');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function donations(): bool
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_donations');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $limit
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_additional_limit(int $limit)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_additional_limit', $limit);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $created
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_created($created)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_created', $created);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $desc
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_description($desc)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_desc', $desc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $display_desc
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_display_description($display_desc)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_display_desc', $display_desc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $display_ticket_selector
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_display_ticket_selector($display_ticket_selector)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_display_ticket_selector', $display_ticket_selector);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $external_url
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_external_url($external_url)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_external_URL', $external_url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $member_only
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_member_only($member_only)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_member_only', $member_only);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $event_phone
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_event_phone($event_phone)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_phone', $event_phone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $modified
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_modified($modified)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_modified', $modified);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $name
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_name($name)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_name', $name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $order
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_order($order)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_order', $order);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $short_desc
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_short_description($short_desc)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_short_desc', $short_desc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $slug
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_slug($slug)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_slug', $slug);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $timezone_string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_timezone_string($timezone_string)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_timezone_string', $timezone_string);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $visible_on
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_visible_on($visible_on)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_visible_on', $visible_on);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $wp_user
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_wp_user($wp_user)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_wp_user', $wp_user);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $default_registration_status
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_default_registration_status($default_registration_status)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_default_registration_status', $default_registration_status);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $donations
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_donations($donations)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_donations', $donations);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a venue to this event
+	 *
+	 * @param int|EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
+	{
+		return $this->_add_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a venue from the event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function remove_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
+	{
+		$venue_id_or_obj = ! empty($venue_id_or_obj) ? $venue_id_or_obj : $this->venue();
+		return $this->_remove_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 */
+	public function venue_ID(array $query_params = []): int
+	{
+		$venue = $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
+		return $venue instanceof EE_Venue ? $venue->ID() : 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 */
+	public function venue(array $query_params = []): EE_Venue
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Venue[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @deprecated $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function venues(array $query_params = []): array
+	{
+		return [$this->venue($query_params)];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * check if event id is present and if event is published
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean true yes, false no
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _has_ID_and_is_published(): bool
+	{
+		// first check if event id is present and not NULL,
+		// then check if this event is published (or any of the equivalent "published" statuses)
+		return
+			$this->ID() && $this->ID() !== null
+			&& (
+				$this->status() === 'publish'
+				|| $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out
+				|| $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed
+				|| $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled
+			);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply compares the internal dates with NOW and determines if the event is upcoming or not.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean true yes, false no
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_upcoming(): bool
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->is_inactive()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// set initial value
+		$upcoming = false;
+		// next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				// if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be upcoming.
+				if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				// if this dtt is active then we return false.
+				if ($datetime->is_active()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				// otherwise let's check upcoming status
+				$upcoming = $datetime->is_upcoming();
+			}
+		}
+		return $upcoming;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_active(): bool
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->is_inactive()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// set initial value
+		$active = false;
+		// next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				// if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be active.
+				if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				// if this dtt is upcoming then we return false.
+				if ($datetime->is_upcoming()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				// otherwise let's check active status
+				$active = $datetime->is_active();
+			}
+		}
+		return $active;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_expired(): bool
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->is_inactive()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// set initial value
+		$expired = false;
+		// first let's get all datetimes and loop through them
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				// if this dtt is upcoming or active then we return false.
+				if ($datetime->is_upcoming() || $datetime->is_active()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				// otherwise let's check active status
+				$expired = $datetime->is_expired();
+			}
+		}
+		return $expired;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_inactive(): bool
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->_has_ID_and_is_published()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * calculate spaces remaining based on "saleable" tickets
+	 *
+	 * @param array|null $tickets
+	 * @param bool       $filtered
+	 * @return int|float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function spaces_remaining(?array $tickets = [], ?bool $filtered = true)
+	{
+		$this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->setActiveTickets($tickets);
+		$spaces_remaining = $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining();
+		return $filtered
+			? apply_filters(
+				'FHEE_EE_Event__spaces_remaining',
+				$spaces_remaining,
+				$this,
+				$tickets
+			)
+			: $spaces_remaining;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    perform_sold_out_status_check
+	 *    checks all of this event's datetime  reg_limit - sold values to determine if ANY datetimes have spaces
+	 *    available... if NOT, then the event status will get toggled to 'sold_out'
+	 *
+	 * @return bool    return the ACTUAL sold out state.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function perform_sold_out_status_check(): bool
+	{
+		// get all tickets
+		$tickets     = $this->tickets(
+			[
+				'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
+				'order_by'                 => ['TKT_qty' => 'ASC'],
+			]
+		);
+		$all_expired = true;
+		foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
+			if (! $ticket->is_expired()) {
+				$all_expired = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		// if all the tickets are just expired, then don't update the event status to sold out
+		if ($all_expired) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		$spaces_remaining = $this->spaces_remaining($tickets);
+		if ($spaces_remaining < 1) {
+			if ($this->status() !== EEM_CPT_Base::post_status_private) {
+				$this->set_status(EEM_Event::sold_out);
+				$this->save();
+			}
+			$sold_out = true;
+		} else {
+			$sold_out = false;
+			// was event previously marked as sold out ?
+			if ($this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
+				// revert status to previous value, if it was set
+				$previous_event_status = $this->get_post_meta('_previous_event_status', true);
+				if ($previous_event_status) {
+					$this->set_status($previous_event_status);
+					$this->save();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__perform_sold_out_status_check__end', $this, $sold_out, $spaces_remaining, $tickets);
+		return $sold_out;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the total remaining spaces for sale on this event.
+	 *
+	 * @return int|float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @uses EE_Event::total_available_spaces()
+	 */
+	public function spaces_remaining_for_sale()
+	{
+		return $this->total_available_spaces(true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the total spaces available for an event
+	 * while considering all the quantities on the tickets and the reg limits
+	 * on the datetimes attached to this event.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $consider_sold   Whether to consider any tickets that have already sold in our calculation.
+	 *                              If this is false, then we return the most tickets that could ever be sold
+	 *                              for this event with the datetime and tickets setup on the event under optimal
+	 *                              selling conditions.  Otherwise we return a live calculation of spaces available
+	 *                              based on tickets sold.  Depending on setup and stage of sales, this
+	 *                              may appear to equal remaining tickets.  However, the more tickets are
+	 *                              sold out, the more accurate the "live" total is.
+	 * @return int|float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function total_available_spaces(bool $consider_sold = false)
+	{
+		$spaces_available = $consider_sold
+			? $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining()
+			: $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->totalSpacesAvailable();
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE_EE_Event__total_available_spaces__spaces_available',
+			$spaces_available,
+			$this,
+			$this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getDatetimes(),
+			$this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getActiveTickets()
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if the event is set to sold out
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $actual  whether or not to perform calculations to not only figure the
+	 *                      actual status but also to flip the status if necessary to sold
+	 *                      out If false, we just check the existing status of the event
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_sold_out(bool $actual = false): bool
+	{
+		if (! $actual) {
+			return $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out;
+		}
+		return $this->perform_sold_out_status_check();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if the event is marked as postponed
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_postponed(): bool
+	{
+		return $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if the event is marked as cancelled
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_cancelled(): bool
+	{
+		return $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the logical active status in a hierarchical order for all the datetimes.  Note
+	 * Basically, we order the datetimes by EVT_start_date.  Then first test on whether the event is published.  If its
+	 * NOT published then we test for whether its expired or not.  IF it IS published then we test first on whether an
+	 * event has any active dates.  If no active dates then we check for any upcoming dates.  If no upcoming dates then
+	 * the event is considered expired.
+	 * NOTE: this method does NOT calculate whether the datetimes are sold out when event is published.  Sold Out is a
+	 * status set on the EVENT when it is not published and thus is done
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $reset
+	 * @return bool | string - based on EE_Datetime active constants or FALSE if error.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_active_status(bool $reset = false)
+	{
+		// if the active status has already been set, then just use that value (unless we are resetting it)
+		if (! empty($this->_active_status) && ! $reset) {
+			return $this->_active_status;
+		}
+		// first check if event id is present on this object
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$where_params_for_event = [['EVT_ID' => $this->ID()]];
+		// if event is published:
+		if (
+			$this->status() === EEM_CPT_Base::post_status_publish
+			|| $this->status() === EEM_CPT_Base::post_status_private
+		) {
+			// active?
+			if (
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
+					EE_Datetime::active,
+					$where_params_for_event
+				) > 0
+			) {
+				$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::active;
+			} else {
+				// upcoming?
+				if (
+					EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
+						EE_Datetime::upcoming,
+						$where_params_for_event
+					) > 0
+				) {
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::upcoming;
+				} else {
+					// expired?
+					if (
+						EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
+							EE_Datetime::expired,
+							$where_params_for_event
+						) > 0
+					) {
+						$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::expired;
+					} else {
+						// it would be odd if things make it this far
+						// because it basically means there are no datetimes attached to the event.
+						// So in this case it will just be considered inactive.
+						$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// the event is not published, so let's just set it's active status according to its' post status
+			switch ($this->status()) {
+				case EEM_Event::sold_out:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::sold_out;
+					break;
+				case EEM_Event::cancelled:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::cancelled;
+					break;
+				case EEM_Event::postponed:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::postponed;
+					break;
+				default:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_active_status;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    pretty_active_status
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $echo whether to return (FALSE), or echo out the result (TRUE)
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function pretty_active_status(bool $echo = true): string
+	{
+		$active_status = $this->get_active_status();
+		$status        = "
         <span class='ee-status ee-status-bg--$active_status event-active-status-$active_status'>
             " . EEH_Template::pretty_status($active_status, false, 'sentence') . "
         </span >";
-        if ($echo) {
-            echo wp_kses($status, AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
-            return '';
-        }
-        return $status;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_number_of_tickets_sold()
-    {
-        $tkt_sold = 0;
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                $tkt_sold += $datetime->sold();
-            }
-        }
-        return $tkt_sold;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just returns a count of all the registrations for this event
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_count_of_all_registrations(): int
-    {
-        return EEM_Event::instance()->count_related($this, 'Registration');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the ticket with the earliest start time that is
-     * available for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_with_earliest_start_time()
-    {
-        $where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        $query_params             = [$where, 'order_by' => ['TKT_start_date' => 'ASC']];
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the ticket with the latest end time that is available
-     * for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_with_latest_end_time()
-    {
-        $where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        $query_params             = [$where, 'order_by' => ['TKT_end_date' => 'DESC']];
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the number of different ticket types currently on sale for this event.
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function countTicketsOnSale(): int
-    {
-        $where = [
-            'Datetime.EVT_ID' => $this->ID(),
-            'TKT_start_date'  => ['<', time()],
-            'TKT_end_date'    => ['>', time()],
-        ];
-        return EEM_Ticket::instance()->count([$where]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns whether there are any tickets on sale for this event.
-     *
-     * @return bool true = YES tickets on sale.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function tickets_on_sale(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->countTicketsOnSale() > 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the URL for viewing this event on the front-end. Overrides parent
-     * to check for an external URL first
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_permalink(): string
-    {
-        if ($this->external_url()) {
-            return $this->external_url();
-        }
-        return parent::get_permalink();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first term for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Term|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     */
-    public function first_event_category(array $query_params = []): ?EE_Term
-    {
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy']     = 'espresso_event_categories';
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        return EEM_Term::instance()->get_one($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all terms for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Term[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_all_event_categories(array $query_params = []): array
-    {
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy']     = 'espresso_event_categories';
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        return EEM_Term::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a question group to this event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
-     * @param bool                  $for_primary if true, the question group will be added for the primary
-     *                                           registrant, if false will be added for others. default: false
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, bool $for_primary = false): EE_Question_Group
-    {
-        // If the row already exists, it will be updated. If it doesn't, it will be inserted.
-        // That's in EE_HABTM_Relation::add_relation_to().
-        return $this->_add_relation_to(
-            $question_group_id_or_obj,
-            'Question_Group',
-            [
-                EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary) => true,
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a question group from the event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
-     * @param bool                  $for_primary if true, the question group will be removed from the primary
-     *                                           registrant, if false will be removed from others. default: false
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function remove_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, bool $for_primary = false)
-    {
-        // If the question group is used for the other type (primary or additional)
-        // then just update it. If not, delete it outright.
-        $existing_relation = $this->get_first_related(
-            'Event_Question_Group',
-            [
-                [
-                    'QSG_ID' => EEM_Question_Group::instance()->ensure_is_ID($question_group_id_or_obj),
-                ],
-            ]
-        );
-        $field_to_update   = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary);
-        $other_field       = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext(! $for_primary);
-        if ($existing_relation->get($other_field) === false) {
-            // Delete it. It's now no longer for primary or additional question groups.
-            return $this->_remove_relation_to($question_group_id_or_obj, 'Question_Group');
-        }
-        // Just update it. They'll still use this question group for the other category
-        $existing_relation->save(
-            [
-                $field_to_update => false,
-            ]
-        );
-        return $question_group_id_or_obj;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the question groups, ordering them by QSG_order ascending
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Question_Group[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     */
-    public function question_groups(array $query_params = []): array
-    {
-        $query_params = ! empty($query_params) ? $query_params : ['order_by' => ['QSG_order' => 'ASC']];
-        return $this->get_many_related('Question_Group', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Has_Icon interface method.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @see EEI_Visual_Representation for comments
-     */
-    public function get_icon(): string
-    {
-        return '<span class="dashicons dashicons-flag"></span>';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     */
-    public function get_admin_details_link(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     */
-    public function get_admin_edit_link(): string
-    {
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            [
-                'page'   => 'espresso_events',
-                'action' => 'edit',
-                'post'   => $this->ID(),
-            ],
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     */
-    public function get_admin_settings_link(): string
-    {
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            [
-                'page'   => 'espresso_events',
-                'action' => 'default_event_settings',
-            ],
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     */
-    public function get_admin_overview_link(): string
-    {
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            [
-                'page'   => 'espresso_events',
-                'action' => 'default',
-            ],
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function registrationFormUuid(): ?string
-    {
-        return $this->get('FSC_UUID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the form sections for this event
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Form_Section[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function registrationForm(): array
-    {
-        $FSC_UUID = $this->registrationFormUuid();
-
-        if (empty($FSC_UUID)) {
-            return [];
-        }
-
-        return EEM_Form_Section::instance()->get_all(
-            [
-                [
-                    'OR' => [
-                        'FSC_UUID'      => $FSC_UUID, // top level form
-                        'FSC_belongsTo' => $FSC_UUID, // child form sections
-                    ],
-                ],
-                'order_by' => ['FSC_order' => 'ASC'],
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $UUID
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function setRegistrationFormUuid(string $UUID): void
-    {
-        if (! Cuid::isCuid($UUID)) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
-                sprintf(
-                /* translators: 1: UUID value, 2: UUID generator function. */
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The supplied UUID "%1$s" is invalid or missing. Please use %2$s to generate a valid one.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $UUID,
-                    '`Cuid::cuid()`'
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $this->set('FSC_UUID', $UUID);
-    }
+		if ($echo) {
+			echo wp_kses($status, AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
+			return '';
+		}
+		return $status;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_number_of_tickets_sold()
+	{
+		$tkt_sold = 0;
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				$tkt_sold += $datetime->sold();
+			}
+		}
+		return $tkt_sold;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just returns a count of all the registrations for this event
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_count_of_all_registrations(): int
+	{
+		return EEM_Event::instance()->count_related($this, 'Registration');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the ticket with the earliest start time that is
+	 * available for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_with_earliest_start_time()
+	{
+		$where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		$query_params             = [$where, 'order_by' => ['TKT_start_date' => 'ASC']];
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the ticket with the latest end time that is available
+	 * for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_with_latest_end_time()
+	{
+		$where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		$query_params             = [$where, 'order_by' => ['TKT_end_date' => 'DESC']];
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the number of different ticket types currently on sale for this event.
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function countTicketsOnSale(): int
+	{
+		$where = [
+			'Datetime.EVT_ID' => $this->ID(),
+			'TKT_start_date'  => ['<', time()],
+			'TKT_end_date'    => ['>', time()],
+		];
+		return EEM_Ticket::instance()->count([$where]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns whether there are any tickets on sale for this event.
+	 *
+	 * @return bool true = YES tickets on sale.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function tickets_on_sale(): bool
+	{
+		return $this->countTicketsOnSale() > 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the URL for viewing this event on the front-end. Overrides parent
+	 * to check for an external URL first
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_permalink(): string
+	{
+		if ($this->external_url()) {
+			return $this->external_url();
+		}
+		return parent::get_permalink();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first term for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Term|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 */
+	public function first_event_category(array $query_params = []): ?EE_Term
+	{
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy']     = 'espresso_event_categories';
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		return EEM_Term::instance()->get_one($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all terms for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Term[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_all_event_categories(array $query_params = []): array
+	{
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy']     = 'espresso_event_categories';
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		return EEM_Term::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a question group to this event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
+	 * @param bool                  $for_primary if true, the question group will be added for the primary
+	 *                                           registrant, if false will be added for others. default: false
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, bool $for_primary = false): EE_Question_Group
+	{
+		// If the row already exists, it will be updated. If it doesn't, it will be inserted.
+		// That's in EE_HABTM_Relation::add_relation_to().
+		return $this->_add_relation_to(
+			$question_group_id_or_obj,
+			'Question_Group',
+			[
+				EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary) => true,
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a question group from the event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
+	 * @param bool                  $for_primary if true, the question group will be removed from the primary
+	 *                                           registrant, if false will be removed from others. default: false
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function remove_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, bool $for_primary = false)
+	{
+		// If the question group is used for the other type (primary or additional)
+		// then just update it. If not, delete it outright.
+		$existing_relation = $this->get_first_related(
+			'Event_Question_Group',
+			[
+				[
+					'QSG_ID' => EEM_Question_Group::instance()->ensure_is_ID($question_group_id_or_obj),
+				],
+			]
+		);
+		$field_to_update   = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary);
+		$other_field       = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext(! $for_primary);
+		if ($existing_relation->get($other_field) === false) {
+			// Delete it. It's now no longer for primary or additional question groups.
+			return $this->_remove_relation_to($question_group_id_or_obj, 'Question_Group');
+		}
+		// Just update it. They'll still use this question group for the other category
+		$existing_relation->save(
+			[
+				$field_to_update => false,
+			]
+		);
+		return $question_group_id_or_obj;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the question groups, ordering them by QSG_order ascending
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Question_Group[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 */
+	public function question_groups(array $query_params = []): array
+	{
+		$query_params = ! empty($query_params) ? $query_params : ['order_by' => ['QSG_order' => 'ASC']];
+		return $this->get_many_related('Question_Group', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Has_Icon interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @see EEI_Visual_Representation for comments
+	 */
+	public function get_icon(): string
+	{
+		return '<span class="dashicons dashicons-flag"></span>';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_details_link(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_edit_link(): string
+	{
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			[
+				'page'   => 'espresso_events',
+				'action' => 'edit',
+				'post'   => $this->ID(),
+			],
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_settings_link(): string
+	{
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			[
+				'page'   => 'espresso_events',
+				'action' => 'default_event_settings',
+			],
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_overview_link(): string
+	{
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			[
+				'page'   => 'espresso_events',
+				'action' => 'default',
+			],
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function registrationFormUuid(): ?string
+	{
+		return $this->get('FSC_UUID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the form sections for this event
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Form_Section[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function registrationForm(): array
+	{
+		$FSC_UUID = $this->registrationFormUuid();
+
+		if (empty($FSC_UUID)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+
+		return EEM_Form_Section::instance()->get_all(
+			[
+				[
+					'OR' => [
+						'FSC_UUID'      => $FSC_UUID, // top level form
+						'FSC_belongsTo' => $FSC_UUID, // child form sections
+					],
+				],
+				'order_by' => ['FSC_order' => 'ASC'],
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $UUID
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function setRegistrationFormUuid(string $UUID): void
+	{
+		if (! Cuid::isCuid($UUID)) {
+			throw new InvalidArgumentException(
+				sprintf(
+				/* translators: 1: UUID value, 2: UUID generator function. */
+					esc_html__(
+						'The supplied UUID "%1$s" is invalid or missing. Please use %2$s to generate a valid one.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$UUID,
+					'`Cuid::cuid()`'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$this->set('FSC_UUID', $UUID);
+	}
 }

Spacing +13 added lines, -13 removed lines

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ 
      */
     public function getAvailableSpacesCalculator(): EventSpacesCalculator
     {
-        if (! $this->available_spaces_calculator instanceof EventSpacesCalculator) {
+        if ( ! $this->available_spaces_calculator instanceof EventSpacesCalculator) {
             $this->available_spaces_calculator = new EventSpacesCalculator($this);
         }
         return $this->available_spaces_calculator;
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ 
         bool $try_to_exclude_expired = true,
         bool $try_to_exclude_deleted = true
     ): ?EE_Datetime {
-        if (! empty($this->_Primary_Datetime)) {
+        if ( ! empty($this->_Primary_Datetime)) {
             return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
         }
         $this->_Primary_Datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_primary_datetime_for_event(
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ 
     {
         // first get all datetimes
         $datetimes = $this->datetimes_ordered();
-        if (! $datetimes) {
+        if ( ! $datetimes) {
             return [];
         }
         $datetime_ids = [];
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ 
     public function short_description(?int $num_words = 55, string $more = null, bool $not_full_desc = false): string
     {
         $short_desc = $this->get('EVT_short_desc');
-        if (! empty($short_desc) || $not_full_desc) {
+        if ( ! empty($short_desc) || $not_full_desc) {
             return $short_desc;
         }
         $full_desc = $this->get('EVT_desc');
@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@ 
     public function perform_sold_out_status_check(): bool
     {
         // get all tickets
-        $tickets     = $this->tickets(
+        $tickets = $this->tickets(
             [
                 'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
                 'order_by'                 => ['TKT_qty' => 'ASC'],
@@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@ 
         );
         $all_expired = true;
         foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
-            if (! $ticket->is_expired()) {
+            if ( ! $ticket->is_expired()) {
                 $all_expired = false;
                 break;
             }
@@ -1100,7 +1100,7 @@ 
      */
     public function is_sold_out(bool $actual = false): bool
     {
-        if (! $actual) {
+        if ( ! $actual) {
             return $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out;
         }
         return $this->perform_sold_out_status_check();
@@ -1146,11 +1146,11 @@ 
     public function get_active_status(bool $reset = false)
     {
         // if the active status has already been set, then just use that value (unless we are resetting it)
-        if (! empty($this->_active_status) && ! $reset) {
+        if ( ! empty($this->_active_status) && ! $reset) {
             return $this->_active_status;
         }
         // first check if event id is present on this object
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
+        if ( ! $this->ID()) {
             return false;
         }
         $where_params_for_event = [['EVT_ID' => $this->ID()]];
@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ 
         $active_status = $this->get_active_status();
         $status        = "
         <span class='ee-status ee-status-bg--$active_status event-active-status-$active_status'>
-            " . EEH_Template::pretty_status($active_status, false, 'sentence') . "
+            ".EEH_Template::pretty_status($active_status, false, 'sentence')."
         </span >";
         if ($echo) {
             echo wp_kses($status, AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ 
     public function get_number_of_tickets_sold()
     {
         $tkt_sold = 0;
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
+        if ( ! $this->ID()) {
             return 0;
         }
         $datetimes = $this->datetimes();
@@ -1436,7 +1436,7 @@ 
             ]
         );
         $field_to_update   = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary);
-        $other_field       = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext(! $for_primary);
+        $other_field       = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext( ! $for_primary);
         if ($existing_relation->get($other_field) === false) {
             // Delete it. It's now no longer for primary or additional question groups.
             return $this->_remove_relation_to($question_group_id_or_obj, 'Question_Group');
@@ -1597,7 +1597,7 @@ 
      */
     public function setRegistrationFormUuid(string $UUID): void
     {
-        if (! Cuid::isCuid($UUID)) {
+        if ( ! Cuid::isCuid($UUID)) {
             throw new InvalidArgumentException(
                 sprintf(
                 /* translators: 1: UUID value, 2: UUID generator function. */

core/db_classes/EE_Datetime.class.php

Indentation +1552 added lines, -1552 removed lines

@@ -12,1560 +12,1560 @@
  */
 class EE_Datetime extends EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class
 {
-    /**
-     * constant used by get_active_status, indicates datetime has no more available spaces
-     */
-    const sold_out = 'DTS';
-
-    /**
-     * constant used by get_active_status, indicating datetime is still active (even is not over, can be registered-for)
-     */
-    const active = 'DTA';
-
-    /**
-     * constant used by get_active_status, indicating the datetime cannot be used for registrations yet, but has not
-     * expired
-     */
-    const upcoming = 'DTU';
-
-    /**
-     * Datetime is postponed
-     */
-    const postponed = 'DTP';
-
-    /**
-     * Datetime is cancelled
-     */
-    const cancelled = 'DTC';
-
-    /**
-     * constant used by get_active_status, indicates datetime has expired (event is over)
-     */
-    const expired = 'DTE';
-
-    /**
-     * constant used in various places indicating that an event is INACTIVE (not yet ready to be published)
-     */
-    const inactive = 'DTI';
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values    incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone          incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats      incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the date_format
-     *                                  and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Datetime
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object(
-            $props_n_values,
-            __CLASS__,
-            $timezone,
-            $date_formats
-        );
-        return $has_object
-            ? $has_object
-            : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Datetime
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $name
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_name($name)
-    {
-        $this->set('DTT_name', $name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $description
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_description($description)
-    {
-        $this->set('DTT_description', $description);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set event start date
-     * set the start date for an event
-     *
-     * @param string $date a string representation of the event's date ex:  Dec. 25, 2025 or 12-25-2025
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_start_date($date)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_for($date, 'DTT_EVT_start');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set event start time
-     * set the start time for an event
-     *
-     * @param string $time a string representation of the event time ex:  9am  or  7:30 PM
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_start_time($time)
-    {
-        $this->_set_time_for($time, 'DTT_EVT_start');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set event end date
-     * set the end date for an event
-     *
-     * @param string $date a string representation of the event's date ex:  Dec. 25, 2025 or 12-25-2025
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_end_date($date)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_for($date, 'DTT_EVT_end');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set event end time
-     * set the end time for an event
-     *
-     * @param string $time a string representation of the event time ex:  9am  or  7:30 PM
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_end_time($time)
-    {
-        $this->_set_time_for($time, 'DTT_EVT_end');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set registration limit
-     * set the maximum number of attendees that can be registered for this datetime slot
-     *
-     * @param int|float $reg_limit
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_reg_limit($reg_limit)
-    {
-        $this->set('DTT_reg_limit', $reg_limit);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get the number of tickets sold for this datetime slot
-     *
-     * @return mixed int on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sold()
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('DTT_sold');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $sold
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_sold($sold)
-    {
-        // sold can not go below zero
-        $sold = max(0, $sold);
-        $this->set('DTT_sold', $sold);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     * Simultaneously decreases the reserved count, unless $also_decrease_reserved is false.
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @param boolean $also_decrease_reserved
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function increaseSold(int $qty = 1, bool $also_decrease_reserved = true): bool
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        if ($also_decrease_reserved) {
-            $success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
-                [
-                    'DTT_reserved' => $qty * -1,
-                    'DTT_sold' => $qty
-                ]
-            );
-        } else {
-            $success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
-                [
-                    'DTT_sold' => $qty
-                ]
-            );
-        }
-
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_sold',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->sold(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) sold amount passed by $qty directly in the DB and on the model object. (Ie, no need
-     * to save afterwards.)
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function decreaseSold(int $qty = 1): bool
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        $success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
-            [
-                'DTT_sold' => $qty * -1
-            ]
-        );
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_sold',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->sold(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets qty of reserved tickets for this datetime
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function reserved(): int
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('DTT_reserved');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets qty of reserved tickets for this datetime
-     *
-     * @param int $reserved
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_reserved(int $reserved)
-    {
-        // reserved can not go below zero
-        $reserved = max(0, $reserved);
-        $this->set('DTT_reserved', $reserved);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function increaseReserved(int $qty = 1): bool
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        $success = $this->incrementFieldConditionallyInDb(
-            'DTT_reserved',
-            'DTT_sold',
-            'DTT_reg_limit',
-            $qty
-        );
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_reserved',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->reserved(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function decreaseReserved(int $qty = 1): bool
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        $success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
-            [
-                'DTT_reserved' => $qty * -1
-            ]
-        );
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_reserved',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->reserved(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * total sold and reserved tickets
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sold_and_reserved(): int
-    {
-        return $this->sold() + $this->reserved();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns the datetime name
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function name(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get('DTT_name');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns the datetime description
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function description(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get('DTT_description');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This helper simply returns whether the event_datetime for the current datetime is a primary datetime
-     *
-     * @return boolean  TRUE if is primary, FALSE if not.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_primary(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->get('DTT_is_primary');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This helper simply returns the order for the datetime
-     *
-     * @return int  The order of the datetime for this event.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function order(): int
-    {
-        return $this->get('DTT_order');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This helper simply returns the parent id for the datetime
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function parent(): int
-    {
-        return $this->get('DTT_parent');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * show date and/or time
-     *
-     * @param string $date_or_time    whether to display a date or time or both
-     * @param string $start_or_end    whether to display start or end datetimes
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @param bool   $echo            whether we echo or return (note echoing uses "pretty" formats,
-     *                                otherwise we use the standard formats)
-     * @return string|bool  string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _show_datetime(
-        $date_or_time = null,
-        $start_or_end = 'start',
-        $dt_frmt = '',
-        $tm_frmt = '',
-        $echo = false
-    ) {
-        $field_name = "DTT_EVT_{$start_or_end}";
-        $dtt = $this->_get_datetime(
-            $field_name,
-            $dt_frmt,
-            $tm_frmt,
-            $date_or_time,
-            $echo
-        );
-        if (! $echo) {
-            return $dtt;
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get event start date.  Provide either the date format, or NULL to re-use the
-     * last-used format, or '' to use the default date format
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
-     * @return mixed            string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function start_date($dt_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('D', 'start', $dt_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Echoes start_date()
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_start_date($dt_frmt = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('D', 'start', $dt_frmt, null, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get end date. Provide either the date format, or NULL to re-use the
-     * last-used format, or '' to use the default date format
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
-     * @return mixed            string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function end_date($dt_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('D', 'end', $dt_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Echoes the end date. See end_date()
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_end_date($dt_frmt = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('D', 'end', $dt_frmt, null, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get date_range - meaning the start AND end date
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $dt_frmt     string representation of date format defaults to WP settings
-     * @param string $conjunction conjunction junction what's your function ?
-     *                            this string joins the start date with the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
-     * @return mixed              string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function date_range($dt_frmt = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        $dt_frmt = ! empty($dt_frmt) ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
-        $start = str_replace(
-            ' ',
-            ' ',
-            $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $dt_frmt)
-        );
-        $end = str_replace(
-            ' ',
-            ' ',
-            $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $dt_frmt)
-        );
-        return $start !== $end ? $start . $conjunction . $end : $start;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $conjunction
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_date_range($dt_frmt = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        echo esc_html($this->date_range($dt_frmt, $conjunction));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get start time
-     *
-     * @param string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
-     * @return mixed        string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function start_time($tm_format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('T', 'start', null, $tm_format);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_start_time($tm_format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('T', 'start', null, $tm_format, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get end time
-     *
-     * @param string $tm_format string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
-     * @return mixed                string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function end_time($tm_format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('T', 'end', null, $tm_format);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_end_time($tm_format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('T', 'end', null, $tm_format, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get time_range
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $tm_format   string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
-     * @param string $conjunction conjunction junction what's your function ?
-     *                            this string joins the start date with the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
-     * @return mixed              string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function time_range($tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        $tm_format = ! empty($tm_format) ? $tm_format : $this->_tm_frmt;
-        $start = str_replace(
-            ' ',
-            ' ',
-            $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $tm_format)
-        );
-        $end = str_replace(
-            ' ',
-            ' ',
-            $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $tm_format)
-        );
-        return $start !== $end ? $start . $conjunction . $end : $start;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @param string $conjunction
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_time_range($tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        echo esc_html($this->time_range($tm_format, $conjunction));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns a range representation of the date and times.
-     * Output is dependent on the difference (or similarity) between DTT_EVT_start and DTT_EVT_end.
-     * Also, the return value is localized.
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_format
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @param string $conjunction used between two different dates or times.
-     *                            ex: Dec 1{$conjunction}}Dec 6, or 2pm{$conjunction}3pm
-     * @param string $separator   used between the date and time formats.
-     *                            ex: Dec 1, 2016{$separator}2pm
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function date_and_time_range(
-        $dt_format = '',
-        $tm_format = '',
-        $conjunction = ' - ',
-        $separator = ' '
-    ) {
-        $dt_format = ! empty($dt_format) ? $dt_format : $this->_dt_frmt;
-        $tm_format = ! empty($tm_format) ? $tm_format : $this->_tm_frmt;
-        $full_format = $dt_format . $separator . $tm_format;
-        // the range output depends on various conditions
-        switch (true) {
-            // start date timestamp and end date timestamp are the same.
-            case ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') === $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end')):
-                $output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format);
-                break;
-            // start and end date are the same but times are different
-            case ($this->start_date() === $this->end_date()):
-                $output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format)
-                          . $conjunction
-                          . $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $tm_format);
-                break;
-            // all other conditions
-            default:
-                $output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format)
-                          . $conjunction
-                          . $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $full_format);
-                break;
-        }
-        return $output;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This echos the results of date and time range.
-     *
-     * @see date_and_time_range() for more details on purpose.
-     * @param string $dt_format
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @param string $conjunction
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_date_and_time_range($dt_format = '', $tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        echo esc_html($this->date_and_time_range($dt_format, $tm_format, $conjunction));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get start date and start time
-     *
-     * @param    string $dt_format - string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
-     * @param    string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
-     * @return    mixed    string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function start_date_and_time($dt_format = '', $tm_format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('', 'start', $dt_format, $tm_format);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_start_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('', 'start', $dt_frmt, $tm_format, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Shows the length of the event (start to end time).
-     * Can be shown in 'seconds','minutes','hours', or 'days'.
-     * By default, rounds up. (So if you use 'days', and then event
-     * only occurs for 1 hour, it will return 1 day).
-     *
-     * @param string $units 'seconds','minutes','hours','days'
-     * @param bool   $round_up
-     * @return float|int|mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function length($units = 'seconds', $round_up = false)
-    {
-        $start = $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start');
-        $end = $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end');
-        $length_in_units = $end - $start;
-        switch ($units) {
-            // NOTE: We purposefully don't use "break;" in order to chain the divisions
-            /** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
-            // phpcs:disable PSR2.ControlStructures.SwitchDeclaration.TerminatingComment
-            case 'days':
-                $length_in_units /= 24;
-            /** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
-            case 'hours':
-                // fall through is intentional
-                $length_in_units /= 60;
-            /** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
-            case 'minutes':
-                // fall through is intentional
-                $length_in_units /= 60;
-            case 'seconds':
-            default:
-                $length_in_units = ceil($length_in_units);
-        }
-        // phpcs:enable
-        if ($round_up) {
-            $length_in_units = max($length_in_units, 1);
-        }
-        return $length_in_units;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get end date and time
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt   - string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
-     * @param string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
-     * @return    mixed                string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function end_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('', 'end', $dt_frmt, $tm_format);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_end_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('', 'end', $dt_frmt, $tm_format, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get start timestamp
-     *
-     * @return        int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function start()
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get end timestamp
-     *
-     * @return        int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function end()
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    get the registration limit for this datetime slot
-     *
-     * @return int|float                int = finite limit   EE_INF(float) = unlimited
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function reg_limit()
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('DTT_reg_limit');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    have the tickets sold for this datetime, met or exceed the registration limit ?
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sold_out()
-    {
-        return $this->reg_limit() > 0 && $this->sold() >= $this->reg_limit();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * return the total number of spaces remaining at this venue.
-     * This only takes the venue's capacity into account, NOT the tickets available for sale
-     *
-     * @param bool $consider_tickets Whether to consider tickets remaining when determining if there are any spaces left
-     *                               Because if all tickets attached to this datetime have no spaces left,
-     *                               then this datetime IS effectively sold out.
-     *                               However, there are cases where we just want to know the spaces
-     *                               remaining for this particular datetime, hence the flag.
-     * @return int|float
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function spaces_remaining($consider_tickets = false)
-    {
-        // tickets remaining available for purchase
-        // no need for special checks for infinite, because if DTT_reg_limit == EE_INF, then EE_INF - x = EE_INF
-        $dtt_remaining = $this->reg_limit() - $this->sold_and_reserved();
-        if (! $consider_tickets) {
-            return $dtt_remaining;
-        }
-        $tickets_remaining = $this->tickets_remaining();
-        return min($dtt_remaining, $tickets_remaining);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Counts the total tickets available
-     * (from all the different types of tickets which are available for this datetime).
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function tickets_remaining($query_params = array())
-    {
-        $sum = 0;
-        $tickets = $this->tickets($query_params);
-        if (! empty($tickets)) {
-            foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
-                if ($ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
-                    // get the actual amount of tickets that can be sold
-                    $qty = $ticket->qty('saleable');
-                    if ($qty === EE_INF) {
-                        return EE_INF;
-                    }
-                    // no negative ticket quantities plz
-                    if ($qty > 0) {
-                        $sum += $qty;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $sum;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the count of all the tickets available at this datetime (not ticket types)
-     * before any were sold
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum_tickets_initially_available($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->sum_related('Ticket', $query_params, 'TKT_qty');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the lesser-of-the two: spaces remaining at this datetime, or
-     * the total tickets remaining (a sum of the tickets remaining for each ticket type
-     * that is available for this datetime).
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function total_tickets_available_at_this_datetime()
-    {
-        return $this->spaces_remaining(true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply compares the internal dtt for the given string with NOW
-     * and determines if the date is upcoming or not.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_upcoming()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') > time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply compares the internal datetime for the given string with NOW
-     * and returns if the date is active (i.e. start and end time)
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_active()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') < time() && $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end') > time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply compares the internal dtt for the given string with NOW
-     * and determines if the date is expired or not.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_expired()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end') < time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the active status for whether an event is active, upcoming, or expired
-     *
-     * @return int return value will be one of the EE_Datetime status constants.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_active_status()
-    {
-        $total_tickets_for_this_dtt = $this->total_tickets_available_at_this_datetime();
-        if ($total_tickets_for_this_dtt !== false && $total_tickets_for_this_dtt < 1) {
-            return EE_Datetime::sold_out;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_expired()) {
-            return EE_Datetime::expired;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_upcoming()) {
-            return EE_Datetime::upcoming;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_active()) {
-            return EE_Datetime::active;
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns a nice display name for the datetime that is contingent on the span between the dates and times.
-     *
-     * @param  boolean $use_dtt_name if TRUE then we'll use DTT->name() if its not empty.
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_dtt_display_name($use_dtt_name = false)
-    {
-        if ($use_dtt_name) {
-            $dtt_name = $this->name();
-            if (! empty($dtt_name)) {
-                return $dtt_name;
-            }
-        }
-        // first condition is to see if the months are different
-        if (
-            date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) !== date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
-        ) {
-            $display_date = $this->start_date('M j\, Y g:i a') . ' - ' . $this->end_date('M j\, Y g:i a');
-            // next condition is if its the same month but different day
-        } else {
-            if (
-                date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) === date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
-                && date('d', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) !== date('d', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
-            ) {
-                $display_date = $this->start_date('M j\, g:i a') . ' - ' . $this->end_date('M j\, g:i a Y');
-            } else {
-                $display_date = $this->start_date('F j\, Y')
-                                . ' @ '
-                                . $this->start_date('g:i a')
-                                . ' - '
-                                . $this->end_date('g:i a');
-            }
-        }
-        return $display_date;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the tickets for this datetime
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function tickets($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Ticket', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the ticket types currently available for purchase
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ticket_types_available_for_purchase($query_params = array())
-    {
-        // first check if datetime is valid
-        if ($this->sold_out() || ! ($this->is_upcoming() || $this->is_active())) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        if (empty($query_params)) {
-            $query_params = array(
-                array(
-                    'TKT_start_date' => array('<=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_start_date')),
-                    'TKT_end_date'   => array('>=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_end_date')),
-                    'TKT_deleted'    => false,
-                ),
-            );
-        }
-        return $this->tickets($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Event
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function event()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Event');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the DTT_sold attribute (and saves) based on the number of registrations for this datetime
-     * (via the tickets).
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update_sold()
-    {
-        $count_regs_for_this_datetime = EEM_Registration::instance()->count(
-            array(
-                array(
-                    'STS_ID'                 => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
-                    'REG_deleted'            => 0,
-                    'Ticket.Datetime.DTT_ID' => $this->ID(),
-                ),
-            )
-        );
-        $this->set_sold($count_regs_for_this_datetime);
-        $this->save();
-        return $count_regs_for_this_datetime;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a venue to this event
-     *
-     * @param int|EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
-    {
-        return $this->_add_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a venue from the event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function remove_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
-    {
-        $venue_id_or_obj = ! empty($venue_id_or_obj) ? $venue_id_or_obj : $this->venue();
-        return $this->_remove_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function venue_ID(array $query_params = []): int
-    {
-        $venue = $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
-        return $venue instanceof EE_Venue
-            ? $venue->ID()
-            : 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function venue(array $query_params = [])
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-     * @param string                   $relationName
-     * @param array                    $extra_join_model_fields_n_values
-     * @param string|null              $cache_id
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function _add_relation_to(
-        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-        $relationName,
-        $extra_join_model_fields_n_values = [],
-        $cache_id = null
-    ) {
-        // if we're adding a new relation to a ticket
-        if ($relationName === 'Ticket' && ! $this->hasRelation($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName)) {
-            /** @var EE_Ticket $ticket */
-            $ticket = EEM_Ticket::instance()->ensure_is_obj($otherObjectModelObjectOrID);
-            $this->increaseSold($ticket->sold(), false);
-            $this->increaseReserved($ticket->reserved());
-            $this->save();
-            $otherObjectModelObjectOrID = $ticket;
-        }
-        return parent::_add_relation_to(
-            $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-            $relationName,
-            $extra_join_model_fields_n_values,
-            $cache_id
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-     * @param string                   $relationName
-     * @param array                    $where_query
-     * @return bool|EE_Base_Class|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = [])
-    {
-        if ($relationName === 'Ticket' && $this->hasRelation($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName)) {
-            /** @var EE_Ticket $ticket */
-            $ticket = EEM_Ticket::instance()->ensure_is_obj($otherObjectModelObjectOrID);
-            $this->decreaseSold($ticket->sold());
-            $this->decreaseReserved($ticket->reserved());
-            $this->save();
-            $otherObjectModelObjectOrID = $ticket;
-        }
-        return parent::_remove_relation_to(
-            $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-            $relationName,
-            $where_query
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     */
-    public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = [])
-    {
-        if ($relationName === 'Ticket') {
-            $tickets = $this->tickets();
-            foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
-                $this->decreaseSold($ticket->sold());
-                $this->decreaseReserved($ticket->reserved());
-                $this->save();
-            }
-        }
-        return parent::_remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /*******************************************************************
+	/**
+	 * constant used by get_active_status, indicates datetime has no more available spaces
+	 */
+	const sold_out = 'DTS';
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used by get_active_status, indicating datetime is still active (even is not over, can be registered-for)
+	 */
+	const active = 'DTA';
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used by get_active_status, indicating the datetime cannot be used for registrations yet, but has not
+	 * expired
+	 */
+	const upcoming = 'DTU';
+
+	/**
+	 * Datetime is postponed
+	 */
+	const postponed = 'DTP';
+
+	/**
+	 * Datetime is cancelled
+	 */
+	const cancelled = 'DTC';
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used by get_active_status, indicates datetime has expired (event is over)
+	 */
+	const expired = 'DTE';
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used in various places indicating that an event is INACTIVE (not yet ready to be published)
+	 */
+	const inactive = 'DTI';
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values    incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone          incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats      incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the date_format
+	 *                                  and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object(
+			$props_n_values,
+			__CLASS__,
+			$timezone,
+			$date_formats
+		);
+		return $has_object
+			? $has_object
+			: new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $name
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_name($name)
+	{
+		$this->set('DTT_name', $name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $description
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_description($description)
+	{
+		$this->set('DTT_description', $description);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set event start date
+	 * set the start date for an event
+	 *
+	 * @param string $date a string representation of the event's date ex:  Dec. 25, 2025 or 12-25-2025
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_start_date($date)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_for($date, 'DTT_EVT_start');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set event start time
+	 * set the start time for an event
+	 *
+	 * @param string $time a string representation of the event time ex:  9am  or  7:30 PM
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_start_time($time)
+	{
+		$this->_set_time_for($time, 'DTT_EVT_start');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set event end date
+	 * set the end date for an event
+	 *
+	 * @param string $date a string representation of the event's date ex:  Dec. 25, 2025 or 12-25-2025
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_end_date($date)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_for($date, 'DTT_EVT_end');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set event end time
+	 * set the end time for an event
+	 *
+	 * @param string $time a string representation of the event time ex:  9am  or  7:30 PM
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_end_time($time)
+	{
+		$this->_set_time_for($time, 'DTT_EVT_end');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set registration limit
+	 * set the maximum number of attendees that can be registered for this datetime slot
+	 *
+	 * @param int|float $reg_limit
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_reg_limit($reg_limit)
+	{
+		$this->set('DTT_reg_limit', $reg_limit);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get the number of tickets sold for this datetime slot
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed int on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sold()
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('DTT_sold');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $sold
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_sold($sold)
+	{
+		// sold can not go below zero
+		$sold = max(0, $sold);
+		$this->set('DTT_sold', $sold);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 * Simultaneously decreases the reserved count, unless $also_decrease_reserved is false.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @param boolean $also_decrease_reserved
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function increaseSold(int $qty = 1, bool $also_decrease_reserved = true): bool
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		if ($also_decrease_reserved) {
+			$success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
+				[
+					'DTT_reserved' => $qty * -1,
+					'DTT_sold' => $qty
+				]
+			);
+		} else {
+			$success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
+				[
+					'DTT_sold' => $qty
+				]
+			);
+		}
+
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_sold',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->sold(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) sold amount passed by $qty directly in the DB and on the model object. (Ie, no need
+	 * to save afterwards.)
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function decreaseSold(int $qty = 1): bool
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		$success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
+			[
+				'DTT_sold' => $qty * -1
+			]
+		);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_sold',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->sold(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets qty of reserved tickets for this datetime
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function reserved(): int
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('DTT_reserved');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets qty of reserved tickets for this datetime
+	 *
+	 * @param int $reserved
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_reserved(int $reserved)
+	{
+		// reserved can not go below zero
+		$reserved = max(0, $reserved);
+		$this->set('DTT_reserved', $reserved);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function increaseReserved(int $qty = 1): bool
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		$success = $this->incrementFieldConditionallyInDb(
+			'DTT_reserved',
+			'DTT_sold',
+			'DTT_reg_limit',
+			$qty
+		);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_reserved',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->reserved(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function decreaseReserved(int $qty = 1): bool
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		$success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
+			[
+				'DTT_reserved' => $qty * -1
+			]
+		);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_reserved',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->reserved(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * total sold and reserved tickets
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sold_and_reserved(): int
+	{
+		return $this->sold() + $this->reserved();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns the datetime name
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function name(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get('DTT_name');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns the datetime description
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function description(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get('DTT_description');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This helper simply returns whether the event_datetime for the current datetime is a primary datetime
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean  TRUE if is primary, FALSE if not.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_primary(): bool
+	{
+		return $this->get('DTT_is_primary');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This helper simply returns the order for the datetime
+	 *
+	 * @return int  The order of the datetime for this event.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function order(): int
+	{
+		return $this->get('DTT_order');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This helper simply returns the parent id for the datetime
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function parent(): int
+	{
+		return $this->get('DTT_parent');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * show date and/or time
+	 *
+	 * @param string $date_or_time    whether to display a date or time or both
+	 * @param string $start_or_end    whether to display start or end datetimes
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @param bool   $echo            whether we echo or return (note echoing uses "pretty" formats,
+	 *                                otherwise we use the standard formats)
+	 * @return string|bool  string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _show_datetime(
+		$date_or_time = null,
+		$start_or_end = 'start',
+		$dt_frmt = '',
+		$tm_frmt = '',
+		$echo = false
+	) {
+		$field_name = "DTT_EVT_{$start_or_end}";
+		$dtt = $this->_get_datetime(
+			$field_name,
+			$dt_frmt,
+			$tm_frmt,
+			$date_or_time,
+			$echo
+		);
+		if (! $echo) {
+			return $dtt;
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get event start date.  Provide either the date format, or NULL to re-use the
+	 * last-used format, or '' to use the default date format
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
+	 * @return mixed            string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function start_date($dt_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('D', 'start', $dt_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Echoes start_date()
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_start_date($dt_frmt = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('D', 'start', $dt_frmt, null, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get end date. Provide either the date format, or NULL to re-use the
+	 * last-used format, or '' to use the default date format
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
+	 * @return mixed            string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function end_date($dt_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('D', 'end', $dt_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Echoes the end date. See end_date()
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_end_date($dt_frmt = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('D', 'end', $dt_frmt, null, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get date_range - meaning the start AND end date
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt     string representation of date format defaults to WP settings
+	 * @param string $conjunction conjunction junction what's your function ?
+	 *                            this string joins the start date with the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
+	 * @return mixed              string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function date_range($dt_frmt = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		$dt_frmt = ! empty($dt_frmt) ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
+		$start = str_replace(
+			' ',
+			'&nbsp;',
+			$this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $dt_frmt)
+		);
+		$end = str_replace(
+			' ',
+			'&nbsp;',
+			$this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $dt_frmt)
+		);
+		return $start !== $end ? $start . $conjunction . $end : $start;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $conjunction
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_date_range($dt_frmt = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		echo esc_html($this->date_range($dt_frmt, $conjunction));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get start time
+	 *
+	 * @param string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
+	 * @return mixed        string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function start_time($tm_format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('T', 'start', null, $tm_format);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_start_time($tm_format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('T', 'start', null, $tm_format, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get end time
+	 *
+	 * @param string $tm_format string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
+	 * @return mixed                string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function end_time($tm_format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('T', 'end', null, $tm_format);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_end_time($tm_format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('T', 'end', null, $tm_format, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get time_range
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $tm_format   string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
+	 * @param string $conjunction conjunction junction what's your function ?
+	 *                            this string joins the start date with the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
+	 * @return mixed              string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function time_range($tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		$tm_format = ! empty($tm_format) ? $tm_format : $this->_tm_frmt;
+		$start = str_replace(
+			' ',
+			'&nbsp;',
+			$this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $tm_format)
+		);
+		$end = str_replace(
+			' ',
+			'&nbsp;',
+			$this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $tm_format)
+		);
+		return $start !== $end ? $start . $conjunction . $end : $start;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @param string $conjunction
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_time_range($tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		echo esc_html($this->time_range($tm_format, $conjunction));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns a range representation of the date and times.
+	 * Output is dependent on the difference (or similarity) between DTT_EVT_start and DTT_EVT_end.
+	 * Also, the return value is localized.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_format
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @param string $conjunction used between two different dates or times.
+	 *                            ex: Dec 1{$conjunction}}Dec 6, or 2pm{$conjunction}3pm
+	 * @param string $separator   used between the date and time formats.
+	 *                            ex: Dec 1, 2016{$separator}2pm
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function date_and_time_range(
+		$dt_format = '',
+		$tm_format = '',
+		$conjunction = ' - ',
+		$separator = ' '
+	) {
+		$dt_format = ! empty($dt_format) ? $dt_format : $this->_dt_frmt;
+		$tm_format = ! empty($tm_format) ? $tm_format : $this->_tm_frmt;
+		$full_format = $dt_format . $separator . $tm_format;
+		// the range output depends on various conditions
+		switch (true) {
+			// start date timestamp and end date timestamp are the same.
+			case ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') === $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end')):
+				$output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format);
+				break;
+			// start and end date are the same but times are different
+			case ($this->start_date() === $this->end_date()):
+				$output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format)
+						  . $conjunction
+						  . $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $tm_format);
+				break;
+			// all other conditions
+			default:
+				$output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format)
+						  . $conjunction
+						  . $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $full_format);
+				break;
+		}
+		return $output;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This echos the results of date and time range.
+	 *
+	 * @see date_and_time_range() for more details on purpose.
+	 * @param string $dt_format
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @param string $conjunction
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_date_and_time_range($dt_format = '', $tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		echo esc_html($this->date_and_time_range($dt_format, $tm_format, $conjunction));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get start date and start time
+	 *
+	 * @param    string $dt_format - string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
+	 * @param    string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
+	 * @return    mixed    string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function start_date_and_time($dt_format = '', $tm_format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('', 'start', $dt_format, $tm_format);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_start_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('', 'start', $dt_frmt, $tm_format, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Shows the length of the event (start to end time).
+	 * Can be shown in 'seconds','minutes','hours', or 'days'.
+	 * By default, rounds up. (So if you use 'days', and then event
+	 * only occurs for 1 hour, it will return 1 day).
+	 *
+	 * @param string $units 'seconds','minutes','hours','days'
+	 * @param bool   $round_up
+	 * @return float|int|mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function length($units = 'seconds', $round_up = false)
+	{
+		$start = $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start');
+		$end = $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end');
+		$length_in_units = $end - $start;
+		switch ($units) {
+			// NOTE: We purposefully don't use "break;" in order to chain the divisions
+			/** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
+			// phpcs:disable PSR2.ControlStructures.SwitchDeclaration.TerminatingComment
+			case 'days':
+				$length_in_units /= 24;
+			/** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
+			case 'hours':
+				// fall through is intentional
+				$length_in_units /= 60;
+			/** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
+			case 'minutes':
+				// fall through is intentional
+				$length_in_units /= 60;
+			case 'seconds':
+			default:
+				$length_in_units = ceil($length_in_units);
+		}
+		// phpcs:enable
+		if ($round_up) {
+			$length_in_units = max($length_in_units, 1);
+		}
+		return $length_in_units;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get end date and time
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt   - string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
+	 * @param string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
+	 * @return    mixed                string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function end_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('', 'end', $dt_frmt, $tm_format);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_end_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('', 'end', $dt_frmt, $tm_format, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get start timestamp
+	 *
+	 * @return        int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function start()
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get end timestamp
+	 *
+	 * @return        int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function end()
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    get the registration limit for this datetime slot
+	 *
+	 * @return int|float                int = finite limit   EE_INF(float) = unlimited
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function reg_limit()
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('DTT_reg_limit');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    have the tickets sold for this datetime, met or exceed the registration limit ?
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sold_out()
+	{
+		return $this->reg_limit() > 0 && $this->sold() >= $this->reg_limit();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * return the total number of spaces remaining at this venue.
+	 * This only takes the venue's capacity into account, NOT the tickets available for sale
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $consider_tickets Whether to consider tickets remaining when determining if there are any spaces left
+	 *                               Because if all tickets attached to this datetime have no spaces left,
+	 *                               then this datetime IS effectively sold out.
+	 *                               However, there are cases where we just want to know the spaces
+	 *                               remaining for this particular datetime, hence the flag.
+	 * @return int|float
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function spaces_remaining($consider_tickets = false)
+	{
+		// tickets remaining available for purchase
+		// no need for special checks for infinite, because if DTT_reg_limit == EE_INF, then EE_INF - x = EE_INF
+		$dtt_remaining = $this->reg_limit() - $this->sold_and_reserved();
+		if (! $consider_tickets) {
+			return $dtt_remaining;
+		}
+		$tickets_remaining = $this->tickets_remaining();
+		return min($dtt_remaining, $tickets_remaining);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Counts the total tickets available
+	 * (from all the different types of tickets which are available for this datetime).
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function tickets_remaining($query_params = array())
+	{
+		$sum = 0;
+		$tickets = $this->tickets($query_params);
+		if (! empty($tickets)) {
+			foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
+				if ($ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
+					// get the actual amount of tickets that can be sold
+					$qty = $ticket->qty('saleable');
+					if ($qty === EE_INF) {
+						return EE_INF;
+					}
+					// no negative ticket quantities plz
+					if ($qty > 0) {
+						$sum += $qty;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $sum;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the count of all the tickets available at this datetime (not ticket types)
+	 * before any were sold
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum_tickets_initially_available($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->sum_related('Ticket', $query_params, 'TKT_qty');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the lesser-of-the two: spaces remaining at this datetime, or
+	 * the total tickets remaining (a sum of the tickets remaining for each ticket type
+	 * that is available for this datetime).
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function total_tickets_available_at_this_datetime()
+	{
+		return $this->spaces_remaining(true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply compares the internal dtt for the given string with NOW
+	 * and determines if the date is upcoming or not.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_upcoming()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') > time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply compares the internal datetime for the given string with NOW
+	 * and returns if the date is active (i.e. start and end time)
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_active()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') < time() && $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end') > time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply compares the internal dtt for the given string with NOW
+	 * and determines if the date is expired or not.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_expired()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end') < time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the active status for whether an event is active, upcoming, or expired
+	 *
+	 * @return int return value will be one of the EE_Datetime status constants.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_active_status()
+	{
+		$total_tickets_for_this_dtt = $this->total_tickets_available_at_this_datetime();
+		if ($total_tickets_for_this_dtt !== false && $total_tickets_for_this_dtt < 1) {
+			return EE_Datetime::sold_out;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_expired()) {
+			return EE_Datetime::expired;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_upcoming()) {
+			return EE_Datetime::upcoming;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_active()) {
+			return EE_Datetime::active;
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns a nice display name for the datetime that is contingent on the span between the dates and times.
+	 *
+	 * @param  boolean $use_dtt_name if TRUE then we'll use DTT->name() if its not empty.
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_dtt_display_name($use_dtt_name = false)
+	{
+		if ($use_dtt_name) {
+			$dtt_name = $this->name();
+			if (! empty($dtt_name)) {
+				return $dtt_name;
+			}
+		}
+		// first condition is to see if the months are different
+		if (
+			date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) !== date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
+		) {
+			$display_date = $this->start_date('M j\, Y g:i a') . ' - ' . $this->end_date('M j\, Y g:i a');
+			// next condition is if its the same month but different day
+		} else {
+			if (
+				date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) === date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
+				&& date('d', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) !== date('d', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
+			) {
+				$display_date = $this->start_date('M j\, g:i a') . ' - ' . $this->end_date('M j\, g:i a Y');
+			} else {
+				$display_date = $this->start_date('F j\, Y')
+								. ' @ '
+								. $this->start_date('g:i a')
+								. ' - '
+								. $this->end_date('g:i a');
+			}
+		}
+		return $display_date;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the tickets for this datetime
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function tickets($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Ticket', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the ticket types currently available for purchase
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ticket_types_available_for_purchase($query_params = array())
+	{
+		// first check if datetime is valid
+		if ($this->sold_out() || ! ($this->is_upcoming() || $this->is_active())) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		if (empty($query_params)) {
+			$query_params = array(
+				array(
+					'TKT_start_date' => array('<=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_start_date')),
+					'TKT_end_date'   => array('>=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_end_date')),
+					'TKT_deleted'    => false,
+				),
+			);
+		}
+		return $this->tickets($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Event
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function event()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Event');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the DTT_sold attribute (and saves) based on the number of registrations for this datetime
+	 * (via the tickets).
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update_sold()
+	{
+		$count_regs_for_this_datetime = EEM_Registration::instance()->count(
+			array(
+				array(
+					'STS_ID'                 => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
+					'REG_deleted'            => 0,
+					'Ticket.Datetime.DTT_ID' => $this->ID(),
+				),
+			)
+		);
+		$this->set_sold($count_regs_for_this_datetime);
+		$this->save();
+		return $count_regs_for_this_datetime;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a venue to this event
+	 *
+	 * @param int|EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
+	{
+		return $this->_add_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a venue from the event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function remove_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
+	{
+		$venue_id_or_obj = ! empty($venue_id_or_obj) ? $venue_id_or_obj : $this->venue();
+		return $this->_remove_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function venue_ID(array $query_params = []): int
+	{
+		$venue = $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
+		return $venue instanceof EE_Venue
+			? $venue->ID()
+			: 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function venue(array $query_params = [])
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+	 * @param string                   $relationName
+	 * @param array                    $extra_join_model_fields_n_values
+	 * @param string|null              $cache_id
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function _add_relation_to(
+		$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+		$relationName,
+		$extra_join_model_fields_n_values = [],
+		$cache_id = null
+	) {
+		// if we're adding a new relation to a ticket
+		if ($relationName === 'Ticket' && ! $this->hasRelation($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName)) {
+			/** @var EE_Ticket $ticket */
+			$ticket = EEM_Ticket::instance()->ensure_is_obj($otherObjectModelObjectOrID);
+			$this->increaseSold($ticket->sold(), false);
+			$this->increaseReserved($ticket->reserved());
+			$this->save();
+			$otherObjectModelObjectOrID = $ticket;
+		}
+		return parent::_add_relation_to(
+			$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+			$relationName,
+			$extra_join_model_fields_n_values,
+			$cache_id
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+	 * @param string                   $relationName
+	 * @param array                    $where_query
+	 * @return bool|EE_Base_Class|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = [])
+	{
+		if ($relationName === 'Ticket' && $this->hasRelation($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName)) {
+			/** @var EE_Ticket $ticket */
+			$ticket = EEM_Ticket::instance()->ensure_is_obj($otherObjectModelObjectOrID);
+			$this->decreaseSold($ticket->sold());
+			$this->decreaseReserved($ticket->reserved());
+			$this->save();
+			$otherObjectModelObjectOrID = $ticket;
+		}
+		return parent::_remove_relation_to(
+			$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+			$relationName,
+			$where_query
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = [])
+	{
+		if ($relationName === 'Ticket') {
+			$tickets = $this->tickets();
+			foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
+				$this->decreaseSold($ticket->sold());
+				$this->decreaseReserved($ticket->reserved());
+				$this->save();
+			}
+		}
+		return parent::_remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/*******************************************************************
      ***********************  DEPRECATED METHODS  **********************
      *******************************************************************/
 
 
-    /**
-     * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function increase_sold($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::increaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        return $this->increaseSold($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) sold amount passed by $qty directly in the DB and on the model object. (Ie, no need
-     * to save afterwards.)
-     *
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function decrease_sold($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::decreaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        return $this->decreaseSold($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function increase_reserved($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::increaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        return $this->increaseReserved($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function decrease_reserved($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::decreaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        return $this->decreaseReserved($qty);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function increase_sold($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::increaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		return $this->increaseSold($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) sold amount passed by $qty directly in the DB and on the model object. (Ie, no need
+	 * to save afterwards.)
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function decrease_sold($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::decreaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		return $this->decreaseSold($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function increase_reserved($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::increaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		return $this->increaseReserved($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function decrease_reserved($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::decreaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		return $this->decreaseReserved($qty);
+	}
 }

core/db_models/EEM_Base.model.php

Indentation +6553 added lines, -6553 removed lines

@@ -37,6561 +37,6561 @@
  */
 abstract class EEM_Base extends EE_Base implements ResettableInterface
 {
-    /**
-     * Flag to indicate whether the values provided to EEM_Base have already been prepared
-     * by the model object or not (ie, the model object has used the field's _prepare_for_set function on the values).
-     * They almost always WILL NOT, but it's not necessarily a requirement.
-     * For example, if you want to run EEM_Event::instance()->get_all(array(array('EVT_ID'=>$_GET['event_id'])));
-     *
-     * @var boolean
-     */
-    private $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we assume
-     * the data is just like form input that needs to have the model fields'
-     * prepare_for_set and prepare_for_use_in_db called on it
-     */
-    const not_prepared_by_model_object = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we
-     * assume this value is coming from a model object and doesn't need to have
-     * prepare_for_set called on it, just prepare_for_use_in_db is used
-     */
-    const prepared_by_model_object = 1;
-
-    /**
-     * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we assume
-     * the values are already to be used in the database (ie no processing is done
-     * on them by the model's fields)
-     */
-    const prepared_for_use_in_db = 2;
-
-
-    protected $singular_item = 'Item';
-
-    protected $plural_item   = 'Items';
-
-    /**
-     * @type EE_Table_Base[] $_tables array of EE_Table objects for defining which tables comprise this model.
-     */
-    protected $_tables;
-
-    /**
-     * with two levels: top-level has array keys which are database table aliases (ie, keys in _tables)
-     * and the value is an array. Each of those sub-arrays have keys of field names (eg 'ATT_ID', which should also be
-     * variable names on the model objects (eg, EE_Attendee), and the keys should be children of EE_Model_Field
-     *
-     * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[][] $_fields
-     */
-    protected $_fields;
-
-    /**
-     * array of different kinds of relations
-     *
-     * @var EE_Model_Relation_Base[] $_model_relations
-     */
-    protected $_model_relations = [];
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Index[] $_indexes
-     */
-    protected $_indexes = [];
-
-    /**
-     * Default strategy for getting where conditions on this model. This strategy is used to get default
-     * where conditions which are added to get_all, update, and delete queries. They can be overridden
-     * by setting the same columns as used in these queries in the query yourself.
-     *
-     * @var EE_Default_Where_Conditions
-     */
-    protected $_default_where_conditions_strategy;
-
-    /**
-     * Strategy for getting conditions on this model when 'default_where_conditions' equals 'minimum'.
-     * This is particularly useful when you want something between 'none' and 'default'
-     *
-     * @var EE_Default_Where_Conditions
-     */
-    protected $_minimum_where_conditions_strategy;
-
-    /**
-     * String describing how to find the "owner" of this model's objects.
-     * When there is a foreign key on this model to the wp_users table, this isn't needed.
-     * But when there isn't, this indicates which related model, or transiently-related model,
-     * has the foreign key to the wp_users table.
-     * Eg, for EEM_Registration this would be 'Event' because registrations are directly
-     * related to events, and events have a foreign key to wp_users.
-     * On EEM_Transaction, this would be 'Transaction.Event'
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_model_chain_to_wp_user = '';
-
-    /**
-     * String describing how to find the model with a password controlling access to this model. This property has the
-     * same format as $_model_chain_to_wp_user. This is primarily used by the query param "exclude_protected".
-     * This value is the path of models to follow to arrive at the model with the password field.
-     * If it is an empty string, it means this model has the password field. If it is null, it means there is no
-     * model with a password that should affect reading this on the front-end.
-     * Eg this is an empty string for the Event model because it has a password.
-     * This is null for the Registration model, because its event's password has no bearing on whether
-     * you can read the registration or not on the front-end (it just depends on your capabilities.)
-     * This is 'Datetime.Event' on the Ticket model, because model queries for tickets that set "exclude_protected"
-     * should hide tickets for datetimes for events that have a password set.
-     *
-     * @var string |null
-     */
-    protected $model_chain_to_password = null;
-
-    /**
-     * This is a flag typically set by updates so that we don't load the where strategy on updates because updates
-     * don't need it (particularly CPT models)
-     *
-     * @var bool
-     */
-    protected $_ignore_where_strategy = false;
-
-    /**
-     * String used in caps relating to this model. Eg, if the caps relating to this
-     * model are 'ee_edit_events', 'ee_read_events', etc, it would be 'events'.
-     *
-     * @var string. If null it hasn't been initialized yet. If false then we
-     * have indicated capabilities don't apply to this
-     */
-    protected $_caps_slug = null;
-
-    /**
-     * 2d array where top-level keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(),
-     * and next-level keys are capability names, and each's value is a
-     * EE_Default_Where_Condition. If the requester requests to apply caps to the query,
-     * they specify which context to use (ie, frontend, backend, edit or delete)
-     * and then each capability in the corresponding sub-array that they're missing
-     * adds the where conditions onto the query.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cap_restrictions = [
-        self::caps_read       => [],
-        self::caps_read_admin => [],
-        self::caps_edit       => [],
-        self::caps_delete     => [],
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * Array defining which cap restriction generators to use to create default
-     * cap restrictions to put in EEM_Base::_cap_restrictions.
-     * Array-keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), and values are a child of
-     * EE_Restriction_Generator_Base. If you don't want any cap restrictions generated
-     * automatically set this to false (not just null).
-     *
-     * @var EE_Restriction_Generator_Base[]
-     */
-    protected $_cap_restriction_generators = [];
-
-    /**
-     * constants used to categorize capability restrictions on EEM_Base::_caps_restrictions
-     */
-    const caps_read       = 'read';
-
-    const caps_read_admin = 'read_admin';
-
-    const caps_edit       = 'edit';
-
-    const caps_delete     = 'delete';
-
-    /**
-     * Keys are all the cap contexts (ie constants EEM_Base::_caps_*) and values are their 'action'
-     * as how they'd be used in capability names. Eg EEM_Base::caps_read ('read_frontend')
-     * maps to 'read' because when looking for relevant permissions we're going to use
-     * 'read' in teh capabilities names like 'ee_read_events' etc.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map = [
-        self::caps_read       => 'read',
-        self::caps_read_admin => 'read',
-        self::caps_edit       => 'edit',
-        self::caps_delete     => 'delete',
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * Timezone
-     * This gets set via the constructor so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in when there
-     * are EE_Datetime_Fields in use.  This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming
-     * out of the created objects.  NOT all EEM_Base child classes use this property but any that use a
-     * EE_Datetime_Field data type will have access to it.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_timezone;
-
-
-    /**
-     * This holds the id of the blog currently making the query.  Has no bearing on single site but is used for
-     * multisite.
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    protected static $_model_query_blog_id;
-
-    /**
-     * A copy of _fields, except the array keys are the model names pointed to by
-     * the field
-     *
-     * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
-     */
-    private $_cache_foreign_key_to_fields = [];
-
-    /**
-     * Cached list of all the fields on the model, indexed by their name
-     *
-     * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
-     */
-    private $_cached_fields = null;
-
-    /**
-     * Cached list of all the fields on the model, except those that are
-     * marked as only pertinent to the database
-     *
-     * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
-     */
-    private $_cached_fields_non_db_only = null;
-
-    /**
-     * A cached reference to the primary key for quick lookup
-     *
-     * @var EE_Model_Field_Base
-     */
-    private $_primary_key_field = null;
-
-    /**
-     * Flag indicating whether this model has a primary key or not
-     *
-     * @var boolean
-     */
-    protected $_has_primary_key_field = null;
-
-    /**
-     * array in the format:  [ FK alias => full PK ]
-     * where keys are local column name aliases for foreign keys
-     * and values are the fully qualified column name for the primary key they represent
-     *  ex:
-     *      [ 'Event.EVT_wp_user' => 'WP_User.ID' ]
-     *
-     * @var array $foreign_key_aliases
-     */
-    protected $foreign_key_aliases = [];
-
-    /**
-     * Whether or not this model is based off a table in WP core only (CPTs should set
-     * this to FALSE, but if we were to make an EE_WP_Post model, it should set this to true).
-     * This should be true for models that deal with data that should exist independent of EE.
-     * For example, if the model can read and insert data that isn't used by EE, this should be true.
-     * It would be false, however, if you could guarantee the model would only interact with EE data,
-     * even if it uses a WP core table (eg event and venue models set this to false for that reason:
-     * they can only read and insert events and venues custom post types, not arbitrary post types)
-     *
-     * @var boolean
-     */
-    protected $_wp_core_model = false;
-
-    /**
-     * @var bool stores whether this model has a password field or not.
-     * null until initialized by hasPasswordField()
-     */
-    protected $has_password_field;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Password_Field|null Automatically set when calling getPasswordField()
-     */
-    protected $password_field;
-
-    /**
-     *    List of valid operators that can be used for querying.
-     * The keys are all operators we'll accept, the values are the real SQL
-     * operators used
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_valid_operators = [
-        '='           => '=',
-        '<='          => '<=',
-        '<'           => '<',
-        '>='          => '>=',
-        '>'           => '>',
-        '!='          => '!=',
-        'LIKE'        => 'LIKE',
-        'like'        => 'LIKE',
-        'NOT_LIKE'    => 'NOT LIKE',
-        'not_like'    => 'NOT LIKE',
-        'NOT LIKE'    => 'NOT LIKE',
-        'not like'    => 'NOT LIKE',
-        'IN'          => 'IN',
-        'in'          => 'IN',
-        'NOT_IN'      => 'NOT IN',
-        'not_in'      => 'NOT IN',
-        'NOT IN'      => 'NOT IN',
-        'not in'      => 'NOT IN',
-        'between'     => 'BETWEEN',
-        'BETWEEN'     => 'BETWEEN',
-        'IS_NOT_NULL' => 'IS NOT NULL',
-        'is_not_null' => 'IS NOT NULL',
-        'IS NOT NULL' => 'IS NOT NULL',
-        'is not null' => 'IS NOT NULL',
-        'IS_NULL'     => 'IS NULL',
-        'is_null'     => 'IS NULL',
-        'IS NULL'     => 'IS NULL',
-        'is null'     => 'IS NULL',
-        'REGEXP'      => 'REGEXP',
-        'regexp'      => 'REGEXP',
-        'NOT_REGEXP'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
-        'not_regexp'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
-        'NOT REGEXP'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
-        'not regexp'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * operators that work like 'IN', accepting a comma-separated list of values inside brackets. Eg '(1,2,3)'
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_in_style_operators = ['IN', 'NOT IN'];
-
-    /**
-     * operators that work like 'BETWEEN'.  Typically used for datetime calculations, i.e. "BETWEEN '12-1-2011' AND
-     * '12-31-2012'"
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_between_style_operators = ['BETWEEN'];
-
-    /**
-     * Operators that work like SQL's like: input should be assumed to be a string, already prepared for a LIKE query.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_like_style_operators = ['LIKE', 'NOT LIKE'];
-
-    /**
-     * operators that are used for handling NUll and !NULL queries.  Typically used for when checking if a row exists
-     * on a join table.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_null_style_operators = ['IS NOT NULL', 'IS NULL'];
-
-    /**
-     * Allowed values for $query_params['order'] for ordering in queries
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_allowed_order_values = ['asc', 'desc', 'ASC', 'DESC'];
-
-    /**
-     * When these are keys in a WHERE or HAVING clause, they are handled much differently
-     * than regular field names. It is assumed that their values are an array of WHERE conditions
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    private $_logic_query_param_keys = ['not', 'and', 'or', 'NOT', 'AND', 'OR'];
-
-    /**
-     * Allowed keys in $query_params arrays passed into queries. Note that 0 is meant to always be a
-     * 'where', but 'where' clauses are so common that we thought we'd omit it
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    private $_allowed_query_params = [
-        0,
-        'limit',
-        'order_by',
-        'group_by',
-        'having',
-        'force_join',
-        'order',
-        'on_join_limit',
-        'default_where_conditions',
-        'caps',
-        'extra_selects',
-        'exclude_protected',
-    ];
-
-    /**
-     * All the data types that can be used in $wpdb->prepare statements.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    private $_valid_wpdb_data_types = ['%d', '%s', '%f'];
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Registry $EE
-     */
-    protected $EE = null;
-
-
-    /**
-     * Property which, when set, will have this model echo out the next X queries to the page for debugging.
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    protected $_show_next_x_db_queries = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * When using _get_all_wpdb_results, you can specify a custom selection. If you do so,
-     * it gets saved on this property as an instance of CustomSelects so those selections can be used in
-     * WHERE, GROUP_BY, etc.
-     *
-     * @var CustomSelects
-     */
-    protected $_custom_selections = [];
-
-    /**
-     * key => value Entity Map using  array( EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id => array( ID => model object ) )
-     * caches every model object we've fetched from the DB on this request
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_entity_map;
-
-    /**
-     * @var LoaderInterface
-     */
-    protected static $loader;
-
-    /**
-     * @var Mirror
-     */
-    private static $mirror;
-
-
-    /**
-     * constant used to show EEM_Base has not yet verified the db on this http request
-     */
-    const db_verified_none = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * constant used to show EEM_Base has verified the EE core db on this http request,
-     * but not the addons' dbs
-     */
-    const db_verified_core = 1;
-
-    /**
-     * constant used to show EEM_Base has verified the addons' dbs (and implicitly
-     * the EE core db too)
-     */
-    const db_verified_addons = 2;
-
-    /**
-     * indicates whether an EEM_Base child has already re-verified the DB
-     * is ok (we don't want to do it repetitively). Should be set to one the constants
-     * looking like EEM_Base::db_verified_*
-     *
-     * @var int - 0 = none, 1 = core, 2 = addons
-     */
-    protected static $_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_none;
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to ALL queried models
-     *        (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will only return non-trashed
-     *        registrations for non-trashed tickets for non-trashed datetimes)
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_all = 'all';
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to THIS model only, but
-     *        no other models which are joined to (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will
-     *        return non-trashed registrations, regardless of the related datetimes and tickets' statuses).
-     *        It is preferred to use EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others because, when joining to
-     *        models which share tables with other models, this can return data for the wrong model.
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_this_only = 'this_model_only';
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to other models queried,
-     *        but not the current model (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will
-     *        return all registrations related to non-trashed tickets and non-trashed datetimes)
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_others_only = 'other_models_only';
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply minimum where conditions to all models queried.
-     *        For most models this the same as EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none, except for models which share
-     *        their table with other models, like the Event and Venue models. For example, when querying for events
-     *        ordered by their venues' name, this will be sure to only return real events with associated real venues
-     *        (regardless of whether those events and venues are trashed)
-     *        In contrast, using EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none would could return WP posts other than EE
-     *        events.
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_minimum_all = 'minimum';
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply apply where conditions to other models, and full default
-     *        where conditions for the queried model (eg, when querying events ordered by venues' names, this will
-     *        return non-trashed events for any venues, regardless of whether those associated venues are trashed or
-     *        not)
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_minimum_others = 'full_this_minimum_others';
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to NOT apply any where conditions. This should very rarely be
-     *        used, because when querying from a model which shares its table with another model (eg Events and Venues)
-     *        it's possible it will return table entries for other models. You should use
-     *        EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all instead.
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_none = 'none';
-
-
-    /**
-     * About all child constructors:
-     * they should define the _tables, _fields and _model_relations arrays.
-     * Should ALWAYS be called after child constructor.
-     * In order to make the child constructors to be as simple as possible, this parent constructor
-     * finalizes constructing all the object's attributes.
-     * Generally, rather than requiring a child to code
-     * $this->_tables = array(
-     *        'Event_Post_Table' => new EE_Table('Event_Post_Table','wp_posts')
-     *        ...);
-     *  (thus repeating itself in the array key and in the constructor of the new EE_Table,)
-     * each EE_Table has a function to set the table's alias after the constructor, using
-     * the array key ('Event_Post_Table'), instead of repeating it. The model fields and model relations
-     * do something similar.
-     *
-     * @param null $timezone
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function __construct($timezone = null)
-    {
-        // check that the model has not been loaded too soon
-        if (! did_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons')) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The %1$s model can not be loaded before the "AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons" hook has been called. This gives other addons a chance to extend this model.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        /**
-         * Set blogid for models to current blog. However we ONLY do this if $_model_query_blog_id is not already set.
-         */
-        if (empty(EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id)) {
-            EEM_Base::set_model_query_blog_id();
-        }
-        /**
-         * Filters the list of tables on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead
-         * just use EE_Register_Model_Extension
-         *
-         * @var EE_Table_Base[] $_tables
-         */
-        $this->_tables = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__tables', $this->_tables);
-        foreach ($this->_tables as $table_alias => $table_obj) {
-            /** @var $table_obj EE_Table_Base */
-            $table_obj->_construct_finalize_with_alias($table_alias);
-            if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
-                /** @var $table_obj EE_Secondary_Table */
-                $table_obj->_construct_finalize_set_table_to_join_with($this->_get_main_table());
-            }
-        }
-        /**
-         * Filters the list of fields on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead just use
-         * EE_Register_Model_Extension
-         *
-         * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $_fields
-         */
-        $this->_fields = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__fields', $this->_fields);
-        $this->_invalidate_field_caches();
-        foreach ($this->_fields as $table_alias => $fields_for_table) {
-            if (! array_key_exists($table_alias, $this->_tables)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "Table alias %s does not exist in EEM_Base child's _tables array. Only tables defined are %s",
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $table_alias,
-                        implode(",", $this->_fields)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            foreach ($fields_for_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                /** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base | EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base */
-                // primary key field base has a slightly different _construct_finalize
-                /** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
-                $field_obj->_construct_finalize($table_alias, $field_name, $this->get_this_model_name());
-            }
-        }
-        // everything is related to Extra_Meta
-        if (get_class($this) !== 'EEM_Extra_Meta') {
-            // make extra meta related to everything, but don't block deleting things just
-            // because they have related extra meta info. For now just orphan those extra meta
-            // in the future we should automatically delete them
-            $this->_model_relations['Extra_Meta'] = new EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation(false);
-        }
-        // and change logs
-        if (get_class($this) !== 'EEM_Change_Log') {
-            $this->_model_relations['Change_Log'] = new EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation(false);
-        }
-        /**
-         * Filters the list of relations on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead just use
-         * EE_Register_Model_Extension
-         *
-         * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base[] $_model_relations
-         */
-        $this->_model_relations = (array) apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__model_relations',
-            $this->_model_relations
-        );
-        foreach ($this->_model_relations as $model_name => $relation_obj) {
-            /** @var $relation_obj EE_Model_Relation_Base */
-            $relation_obj->_construct_finalize_set_models($this->get_this_model_name(), $model_name);
-        }
-        foreach ($this->_indexes as $index_name => $index_obj) {
-            $index_obj->_construct_finalize($index_name, $this->get_this_model_name());
-        }
-        $this->set_timezone($timezone);
-        // finalize default where condition strategy, or set default
-        if (! $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy) {
-            // nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
-            $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
-        }
-        $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy->_finalize_construct($this);
-        if (! $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy) {
-            // nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
-            $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
-        }
-        $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy->_finalize_construct($this);
-        // if the cap slug hasn't been set, and we haven't set it to false on purpose
-        // to indicate to NOT set it, set it to the logical default
-        if ($this->_caps_slug === null) {
-            $this->_caps_slug = EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($this->get_this_model_name());
-        }
-        // initialize the standard cap restriction generators if none were specified by the child constructor
-        if (is_array($this->_cap_restriction_generators)) {
-            foreach ($this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map() as $cap_context => $action) {
-                if (! isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $cap_context ])) {
-                    $this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $cap_context ] = apply_filters(
-                        'FHEE__EEM_Base___construct__standard_cap_restriction_generator',
-                        new EE_Restriction_Generator_Protected(),
-                        $cap_context,
-                        $this
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        // if there are cap restriction generators, use them to make the default cap restrictions
-        if (is_array($this->_cap_restriction_generators)) {
-            foreach ($this->_cap_restriction_generators as $context => $generator_object) {
-                if (! $generator_object) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if (! $generator_object instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base) {
-                    throw new EE_Error(
-                        sprintf(
-                            esc_html__(
-                                'Index "%1$s" in the model %2$s\'s _cap_restriction_generators is not a child of EE_Restriction_Generator_Base. It should be that or NULL.',
-                                'event_espresso'
-                            ),
-                            $context,
-                            $this->get_this_model_name()
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                $action = $this->cap_action_for_context($context);
-                if (! $generator_object->construction_finalized()) {
-                    $generator_object->_construct_finalize($this, $action);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__end');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return LoaderInterface
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    protected static function getLoader(): LoaderInterface
-    {
-        if (! EEM_Base::$loader instanceof LoaderInterface) {
-            EEM_Base::$loader = LoaderFactory::getLoader();
-        }
-        return EEM_Base::$loader;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return Mirror
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    private static function getMirror(): Mirror
-    {
-        if (! EEM_Base::$mirror instanceof Mirror) {
-            EEM_Base::$mirror = EEM_Base::getLoader()->getShared(Mirror::class);
-        }
-        return EEM_Base::$mirror;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $model_class_Name
-     * @param string $timezone
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    private static function getModelArguments(string $model_class_Name, string $timezone): array
-    {
-        $arguments = [$timezone];
-        $params    = EEM_Base::getMirror()->getParameters($model_class_Name);
-        if (count($params) > 1) {
-            if ($params[1]->getName() === 'model_field_factory') {
-                $arguments = [
-                    $timezone,
-                    EEM_Base::getLoader()->getShared(ModelFieldFactory::class),
-                ];
-            } elseif ($model_class_Name === 'EEM_Form_Section') {
-                $arguments = [
-                    EEM_Base::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\form\meta\FormStatus'),
-                    $timezone,
-                ];
-            } elseif ($model_class_Name === 'EEM_Form_Element') {
-                $arguments = [
-                    EEM_Base::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\form\meta\FormStatus'),
-                    EEM_Base::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\form\meta\InputTypes'),
-                    $timezone,
-                ];
-            }
-        }
-        return $arguments;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This function is a singleton method used to instantiate the Espresso_model object
-     *
-     * @param string|null $timezone   string representing the timezone we want to set for returned Date Time Strings
-     *                                (and any incoming timezone data that gets saved).
-     *                                Note this just sends the timezone info to the date time model field objects.
-     *                                Default is NULL
-     *                                (and will be assumed using the set timezone in the 'timezone_string' wp option)
-     * @return static (as in the concrete child class)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function instance($timezone = null)
-    {
-        // check if instance of Espresso_model already exists
-        if (! static::$_instance instanceof static) {
-            $arguments = EEM_Base::getModelArguments(static::class, (string) $timezone);
-            $model     = new static(...$arguments);
-            EEM_Base::getLoader()->share(static::class, $model, $arguments);
-            static::$_instance = $model;
-        }
-        // we might have a timezone set, let set_timezone decide what to do with it
-        if ($timezone) {
-            static::$_instance->set_timezone($timezone);
-        }
-        // Espresso_model object
-        return static::$_instance;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * resets the model and returns it
-     *
-     * @param string|null $timezone
-     * @return EEM_Base|null (if the model was already instantiated, returns it, with
-     * all its properties reset; if it wasn't instantiated, returns null)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public static function reset($timezone = null)
-    {
-        if (! static::$_instance instanceof EEM_Base) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        // Let's NOT swap out the current instance for a new one
-        // because if someone has a reference to it, we can't remove their reference.
-        // It's best to keep using the same reference but change the original object instead,
-        // so reset all its properties to their original values as defined in the class.
-        $static_properties = EEM_Base::getMirror()->getStaticProperties(static::class);
-        foreach (EEM_Base::getMirror()->getDefaultProperties(static::class) as $property => $value) {
-            // don't set instance to null like it was originally,
-            // but it's static anyways, and we're ignoring static properties (for now at least)
-            if (! isset($static_properties[ $property ])) {
-                static::$_instance->{$property} = $value;
-            }
-        }
-        // and then directly call its constructor again, like we would if we were creating a new one
-        $arguments = EEM_Base::getModelArguments(static::class, (string) $timezone);
-        static::$_instance->__construct(...$arguments);
-        return self::instance();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used to set the $_model_query_blog_id static property.
-     *
-     * @param int $blog_id  If provided then will set the blog_id for the models to this id.  If not provided then the
-     *                      value for get_current_blog_id() will be used.
-     */
-    public static function set_model_query_blog_id($blog_id = 0)
-    {
-        EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id = $blog_id > 0
-            ? (int) $blog_id
-            : get_current_blog_id();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whatever is set as the internal $model_query_blog_id.
-     *
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public static function get_model_query_blog_id()
-    {
-        return EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * retrieve the status details from esp_status table as an array IF this model has the status table as a relation.
-     *
-     * @param boolean $translated return localized strings or JUST the array.
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function status_array($translated = false)
-    {
-        if (! array_key_exists('Status', $this->_model_relations)) {
-            return [];
-        }
-        $model_name   = $this->get_this_model_name();
-        $status_type  = str_replace(' ', '_', strtolower(str_replace('_', ' ', $model_name)));
-        $stati        = EEM_Status::instance()->get_all([['STS_type' => $status_type]]);
-        $status_array = [];
-        foreach ($stati as $status) {
-            $status_array[ $status->ID() ] = $status->get('STS_code');
-        }
-        return $translated
-            ? EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status($status_array, false, 'sentence')
-            : $status_array;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the EE_Base_Class objects which match the $query_params, by querying the DB.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params             @see
-     *                                        https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     *                                        or if you have the development copy of EE you can view this at the path:
-     *                                        /docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]  *note that there is NO option to pass the output type. If you want results different
-     *                                        from EE_Base_Class[], use get_all_wpdb_results(). Array keys are object
-     *                                        IDs (if there is a primary key on the model. if not, numerically indexed)
-     *                                        Some full examples: get 10 transactions which have Scottish attendees:
-     *                                        EEM_Transaction::instance()->get_all( array( array(
-     *                                        'OR'=>array(
-     *                                        'Registration.Attendee.ATT_fname'=>array('like','Mc%'),
-     *                                        'Registration.Attendee.ATT_fname*other'=>array('like','Mac%')
-     *                                        )
-     *                                        ),
-     *                                        'limit'=>10,
-     *                                        'group_by'=>'TXN_ID'
-     *                                        ));
-     *                                        get all the answers to the question titled "shirt size" for event with id
-     *                                        12, ordered by their answer EEM_Answer::instance()->get_all(array( array(
-     *                                        'Question.QST_display_text'=>'shirt size',
-     *                                        'Registration.Event.EVT_ID'=>12
-     *                                        ),
-     *                                        'order_by'=>array('ANS_value'=>'ASC')
-     *                                        ));
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_all($query_params = [])
-    {
-        if (
-            isset($query_params['limit'])
-            && ! isset($query_params['group_by'])
-        ) {
-            $query_params['group_by'] = array_keys($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
-        }
-        return $this->_create_objects($this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Modifies the query parameters so we only get back model objects
-     * that "belong" to the current user
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return array @see
-     *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     */
-    public function alter_query_params_to_only_include_mine($query_params = [])
-    {
-        $wp_user_field_name = $this->wp_user_field_name();
-        if ($wp_user_field_name) {
-            $query_params[0][ $wp_user_field_name ] = get_current_user_id();
-        }
-        return $query_params;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the name of the field's name that points to the WP_User table
-     *  on this model (or follows the _model_chain_to_wp_user and uses that model's
-     * foreign key to the WP_User table)
-     *
-     * @return string|boolean string on success, boolean false when there is no
-     * foreign key to the WP_User table
-     */
-    public function wp_user_field_name()
-    {
-        try {
-            if (! empty($this->_model_chain_to_wp_user)) {
-                $models_to_follow_to_wp_users = explode('.', $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user);
-                $last_model_name              = end($models_to_follow_to_wp_users);
-                $model_with_fk_to_wp_users    = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($last_model_name);
-                $model_chain_to_wp_user       = $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user . '.';
-            } else {
-                $model_with_fk_to_wp_users = $this;
-                $model_chain_to_wp_user    = '';
-            }
-            $wp_user_field = $model_with_fk_to_wp_users->get_foreign_key_to('WP_User');
-            return $model_chain_to_wp_user . $wp_user_field->get_name();
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the _model_chain_to_wp_user string, which indicates which related model
-     * (or transiently-related model) has a foreign key to the wp_users table;
-     * useful for finding if model objects of this type are 'owned' by the current user.
-     * This is an empty string when the foreign key is on this model and when it isn't,
-     * but is only non-empty when this model's ownership is indicated by a RELATED model
-     * (or transiently-related model)
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function model_chain_to_wp_user()
-    {
-        return $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Whether this model is 'owned' by a specific wordpress user (even indirectly,
-     * like how registrations don't have a foreign key to wp_users, but the
-     * events they are for are), or is unrelated to wp users.
-     * generally available
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_owned()
-    {
-        if ($this->model_chain_to_wp_user()) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        try {
-            $this->get_foreign_key_to('WP_User');
-            return true;
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used internally to get WPDB results, because other functions, besides get_all, may want to do some queries, but
-     * may want to preserve the WPDB results (eg, update, which first queries to make sure we have all the tables on
-     * the model)
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params      @see
-     *                                  https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $output            ARRAY_A, OBJECT_K, etc. Just like
-     * @param mixed  $columns_to_select , What columns to select. By default, we select all columns specified by the
-     *                                  fields on the model, and the models we joined to in the query. However, you can
-     *                                  override this and set the select to "*", or a specific column name, like
-     *                                  "ATT_ID", etc. If you would like to use these custom selections in WHERE,
-     *                                  GROUP_BY, or HAVING clauses, you must instead provide an array. Array keys are
-     *                                  the aliases used to refer to this selection, and values are to be
-     *                                  numerically-indexed arrays, where 0 is the selection and 1 is the data type.
-     *                                  Eg, array('count'=>array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%d'))
-     * @return array | stdClass[] like results of $wpdb->get_results($sql,OBJECT), (ie, output type is OBJECT)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     */
-    protected function _get_all_wpdb_results($query_params = [], $output = ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $this->_custom_selections = $this->getCustomSelection($query_params, $columns_to_select);
-        $model_query_info         = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-        $select_expressions       = $columns_to_select === null
-            ? $this->_construct_default_select_sql($model_query_info)
-            : '';
-        if ($this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects) {
-            $custom_expressions = $this->_custom_selections->columnsToSelectExpression();
-            $select_expressions .= $select_expressions
-                ? ', ' . $custom_expressions
-                : $custom_expressions;
-        }
-
-        $SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
-        return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_results', [$SQL, $output]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get a CustomSelects object if the $query_params or $columns_to_select allows for it.
-     * Note: $query_params['extra_selects'] will always override any $columns_to_select values. It is the preferred
-     * method of including extra select information.
-     *
-     * @param array             $query_params
-     * @param null|array|string $columns_to_select
-     * @return null|CustomSelects
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     */
-    protected function getCustomSelection(array $query_params, $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        if (! isset($query_params['extra_selects']) && $columns_to_select === null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        $selects = isset($query_params['extra_selects']) ? $query_params['extra_selects'] : $columns_to_select;
-        $selects = is_string($selects) ? explode(',', $selects) : $selects;
-        return new CustomSelects($selects);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets an array of rows from the database just like $wpdb->get_results would,
-     * but you can use the model query params to more easily
-     * take care of joins, field preparation etc.
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params      @see
-     *                                  https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $output            ARRAY_A, OBJECT_K, etc. Just like
-     * @param mixed  $columns_to_select , What columns to select. By default, we select all columns specified by the
-     *                                  fields on the model, and the models we joined to in the query. However, you can
-     *                                  override this and set the select to "*", or a specific column name, like
-     *                                  "ATT_ID", etc. If you would like to use these custom selections in WHERE,
-     *                                  GROUP_BY, or HAVING clauses, you must instead provide an array. Array keys are
-     *                                  the aliases used to refer to this selection, and values are to be
-     *                                  numerically-indexed arrays, where 0 is the selection and 1 is the data type.
-     *                                  Eg, array('count'=>array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%d'))
-     * @return array|stdClass[] like results of $wpdb->get_results($sql,OBJECT), (ie, output type is OBJECT)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_all_wpdb_results($query_params = [], $output = ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, $output, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For creating a custom select statement
-     *
-     * @param mixed $columns_to_select either a string to be inserted directly as the select statement,
-     *                                 or an array where keys are aliases, and values are arrays where 0=>the selection
-     *                                 SQL, and 1=>is the datatype
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _construct_select_from_input($columns_to_select)
-    {
-        if (is_array($columns_to_select)) {
-            $select_sql_array = [];
-            foreach ($columns_to_select as $alias => $selection_and_datatype) {
-                if (! is_array($selection_and_datatype) || ! isset($selection_and_datatype[1])) {
-                    throw new EE_Error(
-                        sprintf(
-                            esc_html__(
-                                "Custom selection %s (alias %s) needs to be an array like array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%%d')",
-                                'event_espresso'
-                            ),
-                            $selection_and_datatype,
-                            $alias
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                if (! in_array($selection_and_datatype[1], $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types, true)) {
-                    throw new EE_Error(
-                        sprintf(
-                            esc_html__(
-                                "Datatype %s (for selection '%s' and alias '%s') is not a valid wpdb datatype (eg %%s)",
-                                'event_espresso'
-                            ),
-                            $selection_and_datatype[1],
-                            $selection_and_datatype[0],
-                            $alias,
-                            implode(', ', $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                $select_sql_array[] = "{$selection_and_datatype[0]} AS $alias";
-            }
-            $columns_to_select_string = implode(', ', $select_sql_array);
-        } else {
-            $columns_to_select_string = $columns_to_select;
-        }
-        return $columns_to_select_string;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Convenient wrapper for getting the primary key field's name. Eg, on Registration, this would be 'REG_ID'
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function primary_key_name()
-    {
-        return $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a single item for this model from the DB, given only its ID (or null if none is found).
-     * If there is no primary key on this model, $id is treated as primary key string
-     *
-     * @param mixed $id int or string, depending on the type of the model's primary key
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|mixed|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_one_by_ID($id)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_from_entity_map($id)) {
-            return $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        }
-        $model_object = $this->get_one(
-            $this->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
-                $id,
-                ['default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all]
-            )
-        );
-        $className    = $this->_get_class_name();
-        if ($model_object instanceof $className) {
-            // make sure valid objects get added to the entity map
-            // so that the next call to this method doesn't trigger another trip to the db
-            $this->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
-        }
-        return $model_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Alters query parameters to only get items with this ID are returned.
-     * Takes into account that the ID might be a string produced by EEM_Base::get_index_primary_key_string(),
-     * or could just be a simple primary key ID
-     *
-     * @param int   $id
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return array of normal query params, @see
-     *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID($id, $query_params = [])
-    {
-        if (! isset($query_params[0])) {
-            $query_params[0] = [];
-        }
-        $conditions_from_id = $this->parse_index_primary_key_string($id);
-        if ($conditions_from_id === null) {
-            $query_params[0][ $this->primary_key_name() ] = $id;
-        } else {
-            // no primary key, so the $id must be from the get_index_primary_key_string()
-            $query_params[0] = array_replace_recursive($query_params[0], $this->parse_index_primary_key_string($id));
-        }
-        return $query_params;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a single item for this model from the DB, given the $query_params. Only returns a single class, not an
-     * array. If no item is found, null is returned.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base's $query_params variable.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class|NULL
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_one($query_params = [])
-    {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-                'EEM_Base::get_one',
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    gettype($query_params)
-                ),
-                '4.6.0'
-            );
-            $query_params = [];
-        }
-        $query_params['limit'] = 1;
-        $items                 = $this->get_all($query_params);
-        if (empty($items)) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        return array_shift($items);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next x number of items in sequence from the given value as
-     * found in the database matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
-     *                                      reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit                  How many to return.
-     * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an array of
-     *                                      EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
-     *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the
-     *                                      columns you want returned.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next_x(
-        $current_field_value,
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = [],
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        return $this->_get_consecutive(
-            $current_field_value,
-            '>',
-            $field_to_order_by,
-            $limit,
-            $query_params,
-            $columns_to_select
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous x number of items in sequence from the given value
-     * as found in the database matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
-     *                                      reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit                  How many to return.
-     * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an array of
-     *                                      EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
-     *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the
-     *                                      columns you want returned.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous_x(
-        $current_field_value,
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = [],
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        return $this->_get_consecutive(
-            $current_field_value,
-            '<',
-            $field_to_order_by,
-            $limit,
-            $query_params,
-            $columns_to_select
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next item in sequence from the given value as found in the
-     * database matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
-     *                                      reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an EE_Base_Class
-     *                                      object is returned, otherwise you
-     *                                      can indicate just the columns you
-     *                                      want and a single array indexed by
-     *                                      the columns will be returned.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|null|array()
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next(
-        $current_field_value,
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $query_params = [],
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        $results = $this->_get_consecutive(
-            $current_field_value,
-            '>',
-            $field_to_order_by,
-            1,
-            $query_params,
-            $columns_to_select
-        );
-        return empty($results) ? null : reset($results);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous item in sequence from the given value as found in
-     * the database matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
-     *                                      reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an EE_Base_Class
-     *                                      object is returned, otherwise you
-     *                                      can indicate just the columns you
-     *                                      want and a single array indexed by
-     *                                      the columns will be returned.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|null|array()
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous(
-        $current_field_value,
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $query_params = [],
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        $results = $this->_get_consecutive(
-            $current_field_value,
-            '<',
-            $field_to_order_by,
-            1,
-            $query_params,
-            $columns_to_select
-        );
-        return empty($results) ? null : reset($results);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the a consecutive number of items in sequence from the given
-     * value as found in the database matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $current_field_value   Value used for the reference point.
-     * @param string $operand               What operand is used for the sequence.
-     * @param string $field_to_order_by     What field is used for the reference point.
-     * @param int    $limit                 How many to return.
-     * @param array  $query_params          Extra conditions on the query.
-     * @param null   $columns_to_select     If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
-     *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the columns you want returned.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_consecutive(
-        $current_field_value,
-        $operand = '>',
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = [],
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        // if $field_to_order_by is empty then let's assume we're ordering by the primary key.
-        if (empty($field_to_order_by)) {
-            if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                $field_to_order_by = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-            } else {
-                if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                    throw new EE_Error(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'EEM_Base::_get_consecutive() has been called with no $field_to_order_by argument and there is no primary key on the field.  Please provide the field you would like to use as the base for retrieving the next item(s).',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                EE_Error::add_error(esc_html__('There was an error with the query.', 'event_espresso'));
-                return [];
-            }
-        }
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-                'EEM_Base::_get_consecutive',
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    gettype($query_params)
-                ),
-                '4.6.0'
-            );
-            $query_params = [];
-        }
-        // let's add the where query param for consecutive look up.
-        $query_params[0][ $field_to_order_by ] = [$operand, $current_field_value];
-        $query_params['limit']                 = $limit;
-        // set direction
-        $incoming_orderby         = isset($query_params['order_by']) ? (array) $query_params['order_by'] : [];
-        $query_params['order_by'] = $operand === '>'
-            ? [$field_to_order_by => 'ASC'] + $incoming_orderby
-            : [$field_to_order_by => 'DESC'] + $incoming_orderby;
-        // if $columns_to_select is empty then that means we're returning EE_Base_Class objects
-        if (empty($columns_to_select)) {
-            return $this->get_all($query_params);
-        }
-        // getting just the fields
-        return $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the _timezone property after model object has been instantiated.
-     *
-     * @param null | string $timezone valid PHP DateTimeZone timezone string
-     */
-    public function set_timezone($timezone)
-    {
-        if ($timezone !== null) {
-            $this->_timezone = $timezone;
-        }
-        // note we need to loop through relations and set the timezone on those objects as well.
-        foreach ($this->_model_relations as $relation) {
-            $relation->set_timezone($timezone);
-        }
-        // and finally we do the same for any datetime fields
-        foreach ($this->_fields as $field) {
-            if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field->set_timezone($timezone);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_timezone()
-    {
-        // first validate if timezone is set.  If not, then let's set it be whatever is set on the model fields.
-        if (empty($this->_timezone)) {
-            foreach ($this->_fields as $field) {
-                if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                    $this->set_timezone($field->get_timezone());
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        // if timezone STILL empty then return the default timezone for the site.
-        if (empty($this->_timezone)) {
-            $this->set_timezone(EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone());
-        }
-        return $this->_timezone;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the date formats set for the given field name and also ensures that
-     * $this->_timezone property is set correctly.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name The name of the field the formats are being retrieved for.
-     * @param bool   $pretty     Whether to return the pretty formats (true) or not (false).
-     * @return array formats in an array with the date format first, and the time format last.
-     * @throws EE_Error   If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type.
-     * @since 4.6.x
-     */
-    public function get_formats_for($field_name, $pretty = false)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        // if not a valid EE_Datetime_Field then throw error
-        if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The field sent into EEM_Base::get_formats_for (%s) is not registered as a EE_Datetime_Field. Please check the spelling and make sure you are submitting the right field name to retrieve date_formats for.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // while we are here, let's make sure the timezone internally in EEM_Base matches what is stored on
-        // the field.
-        $this->_timezone = $field_settings->get_timezone();
-        return [$field_settings->get_date_format($pretty), $field_settings->get_time_format($pretty)];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the current time in a format setup for a query on this model.
-     * Usage of this method makes it easier to setup queries against EE_Datetime_Field columns because
-     * it will return:
-     *  - a formatted string in the timezone and format currently set on the EE_Datetime_Field for the given field for
-     *  NOW
-     *  - or a unix timestamp (equivalent to time())
-     * Note: When requesting a formatted string, if the date or time format doesn't include seconds, for example,
-     * the time returned, because it uses that format, will also NOT include seconds. For this reason, if you want
-     * the time returned to be the current time down to the exact second, set $timestamp to true.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name       The field the current time is needed for.
-     * @param bool   $timestamp        True means to return a unix timestamp. Otherwise a
-     *                                 formatted string matching the set format for the field in the set timezone will
-     *                                 be returned.
-     * @param string $what             Whether to return the string in just the time format, the date format, or both.
-     * @return int|string  If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type, then an EE_Error
-     *                                 exception is triggered.
-     * @throws EE_Error    If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type.
-     * @since 4.6.x
-     */
-    public function current_time_for_query($field_name, $timestamp = false, $what = 'both')
-    {
-        $formats  = $this->get_formats_for($field_name);
-        $DateTime = new DateTime("now", new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
-        if ($timestamp) {
-            return $DateTime->format('U');
-        }
-        // not returning timestamp, so return formatted string in timezone.
-        switch ($what) {
-            case 'time':
-                return $DateTime->format($formats[1]);
-                break;
-            case 'date':
-                return $DateTime->format($formats[0]);
-                break;
-            default:
-                return $DateTime->format(implode(' ', $formats));
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This receives a time string for a given field and ensures that it is setup to match what the internal settings
-     * for the model are.  Returns a DateTime object.
-     * Note: a gotcha for when you send in unix timestamp.  Remember a unix timestamp is already timezone agnostic,
-     * (functionally the equivalent of UTC+0).  So when you send it in, whatever timezone string you include is
-     * ignored.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name      The field being setup.
-     * @param string $timestring      The date time string being used.
-     * @param string $incoming_format The format for the time string.
-     * @param string $timezone        By default, it is assumed the incoming time string is in timezone for
-     *                                the blog.  If this is not the case, then it can be specified here.  If incoming
-     *                                format is
-     *                                'U', this is ignored.
-     * @return DateTime
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function convert_datetime_for_query($field_name, $timestring, $incoming_format, $timezone = '')
-    {
-        // just using this to ensure the timezone is set correctly internally
-        $this->get_formats_for($field_name);
-        // load EEH_DTT_Helper
-        $set_timezone     = empty($timezone) ? EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone() : $timezone;
-        $incomingDateTime = date_create_from_format($incoming_format, $timestring, new DateTimeZone($set_timezone));
-        EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($incomingDateTime, new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
-        return \EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\DbSafeDateTime::createFromDateTime($incomingDateTime);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the tables comprising this model. Array keys are the table aliases, and values are EE_Table objects
-     *
-     * @return EE_Table_Base[]
-     */
-    public function get_tables()
-    {
-        return $this->_tables;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates all the database entries (in each table for this model) according to $fields_n_values and optionally
-     * also updates all the model objects, where the criteria expressed in $query_params are met..
-     * Also note: if this model has multiple tables, this update verifies all the secondary tables have an entry for
-     * each row (in the primary table) we're trying to update; if not, it inserts an entry in the secondary table. Eg:
-     * if our model has 2 tables: wp_posts (primary), and wp_esp_event (secondary). Let's say we are trying to update a
-     * model object with EVT_ID = 1
-     * (which means where wp_posts has ID = 1, because wp_posts.ID is the primary key's column), which exists, but
-     * there is no entry in wp_esp_event for this entry in wp_posts. So, this update script will insert a row into
-     * wp_esp_event, using any available parameters from $fields_n_values (eg, if "EVT_limit" => 40 is in
-     * $fields_n_values, the new entry in wp_esp_event will set EVT_limit = 40, and use default for other columns which
-     * are not specified)
-     *
-     * @param array   $fields_n_values         keys are model fields (exactly like keys in EEM_Base::_fields, NOT db
-     *                                         columns!), values are strings, ints, floats, and maybe arrays if they
-     *                                         are to be serialized. Basically, the values are what you'd expect to be
-     *                                         values on the model, NOT necessarily what's in the DB. For example, if
-     *                                         we wanted to update only the TXN_details on any Transactions where its
-     *                                         ID=34, we'd use this method as follows:
-     *                                         EEM_Transaction::instance()->update(
-     *                                         array('TXN_details'=>array('detail1'=>'monkey','detail2'=>'banana'),
-     *                                         array(array('TXN_ID'=>34)));
-     * @param array   $query_params            @see
-     *                                         https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     *                                         Eg, consider updating Question's QST_admin_label field is of type
-     *                                         Simple_HTML. If you use this function to update that field to $new_value
-     *                                         = (note replace 8's with appropriate opening and closing tags in the
-     *                                         following example)"8script8alert('I hack all');8/script88b8boom
-     *                                         baby8/b8", then if you set $values_already_prepared_by_model_object to
-     *                                         TRUE, it is assumed that you've already called
-     *                                         EE_Simple_HTML_Field->prepare_for_set($new_value), which removes the
-     *                                         malicious javascript. However, if
-     *                                         $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is left as FALSE, then
-     *                                         EE_Simple_HTML_Field->prepare_for_set($new_value) will be called on it,
-     *                                         and every other field, before insertion. We provide this parameter
-     *                                         because model objects perform their prepare_for_set function on all
-     *                                         their values, and so don't need to be called again (and in many cases,
-     *                                         shouldn't be called again. Eg: if we escape HTML characters in the
-     *                                         prepare_for_set method...)
-     * @param boolean $keep_model_objs_in_sync if TRUE, makes sure we ALSO update model objects
-     *                                         in this model's entity map according to $fields_n_values that match
-     *                                         $query_params. This obviously has some overhead, so you can disable it
-     *                                         by setting this to FALSE, but be aware that model objects being used
-     *                                         could get out-of-sync with the database
-     * @return int how many rows got updated or FALSE if something went wrong with the query (wp returns FALSE or num
-     *                                         rows affected which *could* include 0 which DOES NOT mean the query was
-     *                                         bad)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update($fields_n_values, $query_params, $keep_model_objs_in_sync = true)
-    {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-                'EEM_Base::update',
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    gettype($query_params)
-                ),
-                '4.6.0'
-            );
-            $query_params = [];
-        }
-        /**
-         * Action called before a model update call has been made.
-         *
-         * @param EEM_Base $model
-         * @param array    $fields_n_values the updated fields and their new values
-         * @param array    $query_params    @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__update__begin', $this, $fields_n_values, $query_params);
-        /**
-         * Filters the fields about to be updated given the query parameters. You can provide the
-         * $query_params to $this->get_all() to find exactly which records will be updated
-         *
-         * @param array    $fields_n_values fields and their new values
-         * @param EEM_Base $model           the model being queried
-         * @param array    $query_params    @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-         */
-        $fields_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EEM_Base__update__fields_n_values',
-            $fields_n_values,
-            $this,
-            $query_params
-        );
-        // need to verify that, for any entry we want to update, there are entries in each secondary table.
-        // to do that, for each table, verify that it's PK isn't null.
-        $tables = $this->get_tables();
-        // and if the other tables don't have a row for each table-to-be-updated, we'll insert one with whatever values available in the current update query
-        // NOTE: we should make this code more efficient by NOT querying twice
-        // before the real update, but that needs to first go through ALPHA testing
-        // as it's dangerous. says Mike August 8 2014
-        // we want to make sure the default_where strategy is ignored
-        $this->_ignore_where_strategy = true;
-        $wpdb_select_results          = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
-        foreach ($wpdb_select_results as $wpdb_result) {
-            // type cast stdClass as array
-            $wpdb_result = (array) $wpdb_result;
-            // get the model object's PK, as we'll want this if we need to insert a row into secondary tables
-            if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                $main_table_pk_value = $wpdb_result[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ];
-            } else {
-                // if there's no primary key, we basically can't support having a 2nd table on the model (we could but it would be lots of work)
-                $main_table_pk_value = null;
-            }
-            // if there are more than 1 tables, we'll want to verify that each table for this model has an entry in the other tables
-            // and if the other tables don't have a row for each table-to-be-updated, we'll insert one with whatever values available in the current update query
-            if (count($tables) > 1) {
-                // foreach matching row in the DB, ensure that each table's PK isn't null. If so, there must not be an entry
-                // in that table, and so we'll want to insert one
-                foreach ($tables as $table_obj) {
-                    $this_table_pk_column = $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column();
-                    // if there is no private key for this table on the results, it means there's no entry
-                    // in this table, right? so insert a row in the current table, using any fields available
-                    if (
-                        ! (array_key_exists($this_table_pk_column, $wpdb_result)
-                           && $wpdb_result[ $this_table_pk_column ])
-                    ) {
-                        $success = $this->_insert_into_specific_table(
-                            $table_obj,
-                            $fields_n_values,
-                            $main_table_pk_value
-                        );
-                        // if we died here, report the error
-                        if (! $success) {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            //              //and now check that if we have cached any models by that ID on the model, that
-            //              //they also get updated properly
-            //              $model_object = $this->get_from_entity_map( $main_table_pk_value );
-            //              if( $model_object ){
-            //                  foreach( $fields_n_values as $field => $value ){
-            //                      $model_object->set($field, $value);
-            // let's make sure default_where strategy is followed now
-            $this->_ignore_where_strategy = false;
-        }
-        // if we want to keep model objects in sync, AND
-        // if this wasn't called from a model object (to update itself)
-        // then we want to make sure we keep all the existing
-        // model objects in sync with the db
-        if ($keep_model_objs_in_sync && ! $this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object) {
-            if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                $model_objs_affected_ids = $this->get_col($query_params);
-            } else {
-                // we need to select a bunch of columns and then combine them into the the "index primary key string"s
-                $models_affected_key_columns = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, ARRAY_A);
-                $model_objs_affected_ids     = [];
-                foreach ($models_affected_key_columns as $row) {
-                    $combined_index_key                             = $this->get_index_primary_key_string($row);
-                    $model_objs_affected_ids[ $combined_index_key ] = $combined_index_key;
-                }
-            }
-            if (! $model_objs_affected_ids) {
-                // wait wait wait- if nothing was affected let's stop here
-                return 0;
-            }
-            foreach ($model_objs_affected_ids as $id) {
-                $model_obj_in_entity_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
-                if ($model_obj_in_entity_map) {
-                    foreach ($fields_n_values as $field => $new_value) {
-                        $model_obj_in_entity_map->set($field, $new_value);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            // if there is a primary key on this model, we can now do a slight optimization
-            if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                // we already know what we want to update. So let's make the query simpler so it's a little more efficient
-                $query_params = [
-                    [$this->primary_key_name() => ['IN', $model_objs_affected_ids]],
-                    'limit'                    => count($model_objs_affected_ids),
-                    'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none,
-                ];
-            }
-        }
-        $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-
-        $SQL = "UPDATE {$model_query_info->get_full_join_sql()} 
+	/**
+	 * Flag to indicate whether the values provided to EEM_Base have already been prepared
+	 * by the model object or not (ie, the model object has used the field's _prepare_for_set function on the values).
+	 * They almost always WILL NOT, but it's not necessarily a requirement.
+	 * For example, if you want to run EEM_Event::instance()->get_all(array(array('EVT_ID'=>$_GET['event_id'])));
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	private $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we assume
+	 * the data is just like form input that needs to have the model fields'
+	 * prepare_for_set and prepare_for_use_in_db called on it
+	 */
+	const not_prepared_by_model_object = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we
+	 * assume this value is coming from a model object and doesn't need to have
+	 * prepare_for_set called on it, just prepare_for_use_in_db is used
+	 */
+	const prepared_by_model_object = 1;
+
+	/**
+	 * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we assume
+	 * the values are already to be used in the database (ie no processing is done
+	 * on them by the model's fields)
+	 */
+	const prepared_for_use_in_db = 2;
+
+
+	protected $singular_item = 'Item';
+
+	protected $plural_item   = 'Items';
+
+	/**
+	 * @type EE_Table_Base[] $_tables array of EE_Table objects for defining which tables comprise this model.
+	 */
+	protected $_tables;
+
+	/**
+	 * with two levels: top-level has array keys which are database table aliases (ie, keys in _tables)
+	 * and the value is an array. Each of those sub-arrays have keys of field names (eg 'ATT_ID', which should also be
+	 * variable names on the model objects (eg, EE_Attendee), and the keys should be children of EE_Model_Field
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[][] $_fields
+	 */
+	protected $_fields;
+
+	/**
+	 * array of different kinds of relations
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Model_Relation_Base[] $_model_relations
+	 */
+	protected $_model_relations = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Index[] $_indexes
+	 */
+	protected $_indexes = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * Default strategy for getting where conditions on this model. This strategy is used to get default
+	 * where conditions which are added to get_all, update, and delete queries. They can be overridden
+	 * by setting the same columns as used in these queries in the query yourself.
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Default_Where_Conditions
+	 */
+	protected $_default_where_conditions_strategy;
+
+	/**
+	 * Strategy for getting conditions on this model when 'default_where_conditions' equals 'minimum'.
+	 * This is particularly useful when you want something between 'none' and 'default'
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Default_Where_Conditions
+	 */
+	protected $_minimum_where_conditions_strategy;
+
+	/**
+	 * String describing how to find the "owner" of this model's objects.
+	 * When there is a foreign key on this model to the wp_users table, this isn't needed.
+	 * But when there isn't, this indicates which related model, or transiently-related model,
+	 * has the foreign key to the wp_users table.
+	 * Eg, for EEM_Registration this would be 'Event' because registrations are directly
+	 * related to events, and events have a foreign key to wp_users.
+	 * On EEM_Transaction, this would be 'Transaction.Event'
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_model_chain_to_wp_user = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * String describing how to find the model with a password controlling access to this model. This property has the
+	 * same format as $_model_chain_to_wp_user. This is primarily used by the query param "exclude_protected".
+	 * This value is the path of models to follow to arrive at the model with the password field.
+	 * If it is an empty string, it means this model has the password field. If it is null, it means there is no
+	 * model with a password that should affect reading this on the front-end.
+	 * Eg this is an empty string for the Event model because it has a password.
+	 * This is null for the Registration model, because its event's password has no bearing on whether
+	 * you can read the registration or not on the front-end (it just depends on your capabilities.)
+	 * This is 'Datetime.Event' on the Ticket model, because model queries for tickets that set "exclude_protected"
+	 * should hide tickets for datetimes for events that have a password set.
+	 *
+	 * @var string |null
+	 */
+	protected $model_chain_to_password = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a flag typically set by updates so that we don't load the where strategy on updates because updates
+	 * don't need it (particularly CPT models)
+	 *
+	 * @var bool
+	 */
+	protected $_ignore_where_strategy = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * String used in caps relating to this model. Eg, if the caps relating to this
+	 * model are 'ee_edit_events', 'ee_read_events', etc, it would be 'events'.
+	 *
+	 * @var string. If null it hasn't been initialized yet. If false then we
+	 * have indicated capabilities don't apply to this
+	 */
+	protected $_caps_slug = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * 2d array where top-level keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(),
+	 * and next-level keys are capability names, and each's value is a
+	 * EE_Default_Where_Condition. If the requester requests to apply caps to the query,
+	 * they specify which context to use (ie, frontend, backend, edit or delete)
+	 * and then each capability in the corresponding sub-array that they're missing
+	 * adds the where conditions onto the query.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cap_restrictions = [
+		self::caps_read       => [],
+		self::caps_read_admin => [],
+		self::caps_edit       => [],
+		self::caps_delete     => [],
+	];
+
+	/**
+	 * Array defining which cap restriction generators to use to create default
+	 * cap restrictions to put in EEM_Base::_cap_restrictions.
+	 * Array-keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), and values are a child of
+	 * EE_Restriction_Generator_Base. If you don't want any cap restrictions generated
+	 * automatically set this to false (not just null).
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Restriction_Generator_Base[]
+	 */
+	protected $_cap_restriction_generators = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * constants used to categorize capability restrictions on EEM_Base::_caps_restrictions
+	 */
+	const caps_read       = 'read';
+
+	const caps_read_admin = 'read_admin';
+
+	const caps_edit       = 'edit';
+
+	const caps_delete     = 'delete';
+
+	/**
+	 * Keys are all the cap contexts (ie constants EEM_Base::_caps_*) and values are their 'action'
+	 * as how they'd be used in capability names. Eg EEM_Base::caps_read ('read_frontend')
+	 * maps to 'read' because when looking for relevant permissions we're going to use
+	 * 'read' in teh capabilities names like 'ee_read_events' etc.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map = [
+		self::caps_read       => 'read',
+		self::caps_read_admin => 'read',
+		self::caps_edit       => 'edit',
+		self::caps_delete     => 'delete',
+	];
+
+	/**
+	 * Timezone
+	 * This gets set via the constructor so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in when there
+	 * are EE_Datetime_Fields in use.  This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming
+	 * out of the created objects.  NOT all EEM_Base child classes use this property but any that use a
+	 * EE_Datetime_Field data type will have access to it.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_timezone;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This holds the id of the blog currently making the query.  Has no bearing on single site but is used for
+	 * multisite.
+	 *
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	protected static $_model_query_blog_id;
+
+	/**
+	 * A copy of _fields, except the array keys are the model names pointed to by
+	 * the field
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
+	 */
+	private $_cache_foreign_key_to_fields = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * Cached list of all the fields on the model, indexed by their name
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
+	 */
+	private $_cached_fields = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * Cached list of all the fields on the model, except those that are
+	 * marked as only pertinent to the database
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
+	 */
+	private $_cached_fields_non_db_only = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * A cached reference to the primary key for quick lookup
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Model_Field_Base
+	 */
+	private $_primary_key_field = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * Flag indicating whether this model has a primary key or not
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	protected $_has_primary_key_field = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * array in the format:  [ FK alias => full PK ]
+	 * where keys are local column name aliases for foreign keys
+	 * and values are the fully qualified column name for the primary key they represent
+	 *  ex:
+	 *      [ 'Event.EVT_wp_user' => 'WP_User.ID' ]
+	 *
+	 * @var array $foreign_key_aliases
+	 */
+	protected $foreign_key_aliases = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * Whether or not this model is based off a table in WP core only (CPTs should set
+	 * this to FALSE, but if we were to make an EE_WP_Post model, it should set this to true).
+	 * This should be true for models that deal with data that should exist independent of EE.
+	 * For example, if the model can read and insert data that isn't used by EE, this should be true.
+	 * It would be false, however, if you could guarantee the model would only interact with EE data,
+	 * even if it uses a WP core table (eg event and venue models set this to false for that reason:
+	 * they can only read and insert events and venues custom post types, not arbitrary post types)
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	protected $_wp_core_model = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var bool stores whether this model has a password field or not.
+	 * null until initialized by hasPasswordField()
+	 */
+	protected $has_password_field;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Password_Field|null Automatically set when calling getPasswordField()
+	 */
+	protected $password_field;
+
+	/**
+	 *    List of valid operators that can be used for querying.
+	 * The keys are all operators we'll accept, the values are the real SQL
+	 * operators used
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_valid_operators = [
+		'='           => '=',
+		'<='          => '<=',
+		'<'           => '<',
+		'>='          => '>=',
+		'>'           => '>',
+		'!='          => '!=',
+		'LIKE'        => 'LIKE',
+		'like'        => 'LIKE',
+		'NOT_LIKE'    => 'NOT LIKE',
+		'not_like'    => 'NOT LIKE',
+		'NOT LIKE'    => 'NOT LIKE',
+		'not like'    => 'NOT LIKE',
+		'IN'          => 'IN',
+		'in'          => 'IN',
+		'NOT_IN'      => 'NOT IN',
+		'not_in'      => 'NOT IN',
+		'NOT IN'      => 'NOT IN',
+		'not in'      => 'NOT IN',
+		'between'     => 'BETWEEN',
+		'BETWEEN'     => 'BETWEEN',
+		'IS_NOT_NULL' => 'IS NOT NULL',
+		'is_not_null' => 'IS NOT NULL',
+		'IS NOT NULL' => 'IS NOT NULL',
+		'is not null' => 'IS NOT NULL',
+		'IS_NULL'     => 'IS NULL',
+		'is_null'     => 'IS NULL',
+		'IS NULL'     => 'IS NULL',
+		'is null'     => 'IS NULL',
+		'REGEXP'      => 'REGEXP',
+		'regexp'      => 'REGEXP',
+		'NOT_REGEXP'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
+		'not_regexp'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
+		'NOT REGEXP'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
+		'not regexp'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
+	];
+
+	/**
+	 * operators that work like 'IN', accepting a comma-separated list of values inside brackets. Eg '(1,2,3)'
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_in_style_operators = ['IN', 'NOT IN'];
+
+	/**
+	 * operators that work like 'BETWEEN'.  Typically used for datetime calculations, i.e. "BETWEEN '12-1-2011' AND
+	 * '12-31-2012'"
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_between_style_operators = ['BETWEEN'];
+
+	/**
+	 * Operators that work like SQL's like: input should be assumed to be a string, already prepared for a LIKE query.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_like_style_operators = ['LIKE', 'NOT LIKE'];
+
+	/**
+	 * operators that are used for handling NUll and !NULL queries.  Typically used for when checking if a row exists
+	 * on a join table.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_null_style_operators = ['IS NOT NULL', 'IS NULL'];
+
+	/**
+	 * Allowed values for $query_params['order'] for ordering in queries
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_allowed_order_values = ['asc', 'desc', 'ASC', 'DESC'];
+
+	/**
+	 * When these are keys in a WHERE or HAVING clause, they are handled much differently
+	 * than regular field names. It is assumed that their values are an array of WHERE conditions
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	private $_logic_query_param_keys = ['not', 'and', 'or', 'NOT', 'AND', 'OR'];
+
+	/**
+	 * Allowed keys in $query_params arrays passed into queries. Note that 0 is meant to always be a
+	 * 'where', but 'where' clauses are so common that we thought we'd omit it
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	private $_allowed_query_params = [
+		0,
+		'limit',
+		'order_by',
+		'group_by',
+		'having',
+		'force_join',
+		'order',
+		'on_join_limit',
+		'default_where_conditions',
+		'caps',
+		'extra_selects',
+		'exclude_protected',
+	];
+
+	/**
+	 * All the data types that can be used in $wpdb->prepare statements.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	private $_valid_wpdb_data_types = ['%d', '%s', '%f'];
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Registry $EE
+	 */
+	protected $EE = null;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Property which, when set, will have this model echo out the next X queries to the page for debugging.
+	 *
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	protected $_show_next_x_db_queries = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * When using _get_all_wpdb_results, you can specify a custom selection. If you do so,
+	 * it gets saved on this property as an instance of CustomSelects so those selections can be used in
+	 * WHERE, GROUP_BY, etc.
+	 *
+	 * @var CustomSelects
+	 */
+	protected $_custom_selections = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * key => value Entity Map using  array( EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id => array( ID => model object ) )
+	 * caches every model object we've fetched from the DB on this request
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_entity_map;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var LoaderInterface
+	 */
+	protected static $loader;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var Mirror
+	 */
+	private static $mirror;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used to show EEM_Base has not yet verified the db on this http request
+	 */
+	const db_verified_none = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used to show EEM_Base has verified the EE core db on this http request,
+	 * but not the addons' dbs
+	 */
+	const db_verified_core = 1;
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used to show EEM_Base has verified the addons' dbs (and implicitly
+	 * the EE core db too)
+	 */
+	const db_verified_addons = 2;
+
+	/**
+	 * indicates whether an EEM_Base child has already re-verified the DB
+	 * is ok (we don't want to do it repetitively). Should be set to one the constants
+	 * looking like EEM_Base::db_verified_*
+	 *
+	 * @var int - 0 = none, 1 = core, 2 = addons
+	 */
+	protected static $_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_none;
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to ALL queried models
+	 *        (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will only return non-trashed
+	 *        registrations for non-trashed tickets for non-trashed datetimes)
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_all = 'all';
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to THIS model only, but
+	 *        no other models which are joined to (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will
+	 *        return non-trashed registrations, regardless of the related datetimes and tickets' statuses).
+	 *        It is preferred to use EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others because, when joining to
+	 *        models which share tables with other models, this can return data for the wrong model.
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_this_only = 'this_model_only';
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to other models queried,
+	 *        but not the current model (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will
+	 *        return all registrations related to non-trashed tickets and non-trashed datetimes)
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_others_only = 'other_models_only';
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply minimum where conditions to all models queried.
+	 *        For most models this the same as EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none, except for models which share
+	 *        their table with other models, like the Event and Venue models. For example, when querying for events
+	 *        ordered by their venues' name, this will be sure to only return real events with associated real venues
+	 *        (regardless of whether those events and venues are trashed)
+	 *        In contrast, using EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none would could return WP posts other than EE
+	 *        events.
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_minimum_all = 'minimum';
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply apply where conditions to other models, and full default
+	 *        where conditions for the queried model (eg, when querying events ordered by venues' names, this will
+	 *        return non-trashed events for any venues, regardless of whether those associated venues are trashed or
+	 *        not)
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_minimum_others = 'full_this_minimum_others';
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to NOT apply any where conditions. This should very rarely be
+	 *        used, because when querying from a model which shares its table with another model (eg Events and Venues)
+	 *        it's possible it will return table entries for other models. You should use
+	 *        EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all instead.
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_none = 'none';
+
+
+	/**
+	 * About all child constructors:
+	 * they should define the _tables, _fields and _model_relations arrays.
+	 * Should ALWAYS be called after child constructor.
+	 * In order to make the child constructors to be as simple as possible, this parent constructor
+	 * finalizes constructing all the object's attributes.
+	 * Generally, rather than requiring a child to code
+	 * $this->_tables = array(
+	 *        'Event_Post_Table' => new EE_Table('Event_Post_Table','wp_posts')
+	 *        ...);
+	 *  (thus repeating itself in the array key and in the constructor of the new EE_Table,)
+	 * each EE_Table has a function to set the table's alias after the constructor, using
+	 * the array key ('Event_Post_Table'), instead of repeating it. The model fields and model relations
+	 * do something similar.
+	 *
+	 * @param null $timezone
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($timezone = null)
+	{
+		// check that the model has not been loaded too soon
+		if (! did_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons')) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The %1$s model can not be loaded before the "AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons" hook has been called. This gives other addons a chance to extend this model.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Set blogid for models to current blog. However we ONLY do this if $_model_query_blog_id is not already set.
+		 */
+		if (empty(EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id)) {
+			EEM_Base::set_model_query_blog_id();
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Filters the list of tables on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead
+		 * just use EE_Register_Model_Extension
+		 *
+		 * @var EE_Table_Base[] $_tables
+		 */
+		$this->_tables = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__tables', $this->_tables);
+		foreach ($this->_tables as $table_alias => $table_obj) {
+			/** @var $table_obj EE_Table_Base */
+			$table_obj->_construct_finalize_with_alias($table_alias);
+			if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
+				/** @var $table_obj EE_Secondary_Table */
+				$table_obj->_construct_finalize_set_table_to_join_with($this->_get_main_table());
+			}
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Filters the list of fields on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead just use
+		 * EE_Register_Model_Extension
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $_fields
+		 */
+		$this->_fields = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__fields', $this->_fields);
+		$this->_invalidate_field_caches();
+		foreach ($this->_fields as $table_alias => $fields_for_table) {
+			if (! array_key_exists($table_alias, $this->_tables)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"Table alias %s does not exist in EEM_Base child's _tables array. Only tables defined are %s",
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$table_alias,
+						implode(",", $this->_fields)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			foreach ($fields_for_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+				/** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base | EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base */
+				// primary key field base has a slightly different _construct_finalize
+				/** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
+				$field_obj->_construct_finalize($table_alias, $field_name, $this->get_this_model_name());
+			}
+		}
+		// everything is related to Extra_Meta
+		if (get_class($this) !== 'EEM_Extra_Meta') {
+			// make extra meta related to everything, but don't block deleting things just
+			// because they have related extra meta info. For now just orphan those extra meta
+			// in the future we should automatically delete them
+			$this->_model_relations['Extra_Meta'] = new EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation(false);
+		}
+		// and change logs
+		if (get_class($this) !== 'EEM_Change_Log') {
+			$this->_model_relations['Change_Log'] = new EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation(false);
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Filters the list of relations on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead just use
+		 * EE_Register_Model_Extension
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base[] $_model_relations
+		 */
+		$this->_model_relations = (array) apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__model_relations',
+			$this->_model_relations
+		);
+		foreach ($this->_model_relations as $model_name => $relation_obj) {
+			/** @var $relation_obj EE_Model_Relation_Base */
+			$relation_obj->_construct_finalize_set_models($this->get_this_model_name(), $model_name);
+		}
+		foreach ($this->_indexes as $index_name => $index_obj) {
+			$index_obj->_construct_finalize($index_name, $this->get_this_model_name());
+		}
+		$this->set_timezone($timezone);
+		// finalize default where condition strategy, or set default
+		if (! $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy) {
+			// nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
+			$this->_default_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
+		}
+		$this->_default_where_conditions_strategy->_finalize_construct($this);
+		if (! $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy) {
+			// nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
+			$this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
+		}
+		$this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy->_finalize_construct($this);
+		// if the cap slug hasn't been set, and we haven't set it to false on purpose
+		// to indicate to NOT set it, set it to the logical default
+		if ($this->_caps_slug === null) {
+			$this->_caps_slug = EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($this->get_this_model_name());
+		}
+		// initialize the standard cap restriction generators if none were specified by the child constructor
+		if (is_array($this->_cap_restriction_generators)) {
+			foreach ($this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map() as $cap_context => $action) {
+				if (! isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $cap_context ])) {
+					$this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $cap_context ] = apply_filters(
+						'FHEE__EEM_Base___construct__standard_cap_restriction_generator',
+						new EE_Restriction_Generator_Protected(),
+						$cap_context,
+						$this
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// if there are cap restriction generators, use them to make the default cap restrictions
+		if (is_array($this->_cap_restriction_generators)) {
+			foreach ($this->_cap_restriction_generators as $context => $generator_object) {
+				if (! $generator_object) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (! $generator_object instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base) {
+					throw new EE_Error(
+						sprintf(
+							esc_html__(
+								'Index "%1$s" in the model %2$s\'s _cap_restriction_generators is not a child of EE_Restriction_Generator_Base. It should be that or NULL.',
+								'event_espresso'
+							),
+							$context,
+							$this->get_this_model_name()
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				$action = $this->cap_action_for_context($context);
+				if (! $generator_object->construction_finalized()) {
+					$generator_object->_construct_finalize($this, $action);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__end');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return LoaderInterface
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	protected static function getLoader(): LoaderInterface
+	{
+		if (! EEM_Base::$loader instanceof LoaderInterface) {
+			EEM_Base::$loader = LoaderFactory::getLoader();
+		}
+		return EEM_Base::$loader;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return Mirror
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	private static function getMirror(): Mirror
+	{
+		if (! EEM_Base::$mirror instanceof Mirror) {
+			EEM_Base::$mirror = EEM_Base::getLoader()->getShared(Mirror::class);
+		}
+		return EEM_Base::$mirror;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $model_class_Name
+	 * @param string $timezone
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	private static function getModelArguments(string $model_class_Name, string $timezone): array
+	{
+		$arguments = [$timezone];
+		$params    = EEM_Base::getMirror()->getParameters($model_class_Name);
+		if (count($params) > 1) {
+			if ($params[1]->getName() === 'model_field_factory') {
+				$arguments = [
+					$timezone,
+					EEM_Base::getLoader()->getShared(ModelFieldFactory::class),
+				];
+			} elseif ($model_class_Name === 'EEM_Form_Section') {
+				$arguments = [
+					EEM_Base::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\form\meta\FormStatus'),
+					$timezone,
+				];
+			} elseif ($model_class_Name === 'EEM_Form_Element') {
+				$arguments = [
+					EEM_Base::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\form\meta\FormStatus'),
+					EEM_Base::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\form\meta\InputTypes'),
+					$timezone,
+				];
+			}
+		}
+		return $arguments;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This function is a singleton method used to instantiate the Espresso_model object
+	 *
+	 * @param string|null $timezone   string representing the timezone we want to set for returned Date Time Strings
+	 *                                (and any incoming timezone data that gets saved).
+	 *                                Note this just sends the timezone info to the date time model field objects.
+	 *                                Default is NULL
+	 *                                (and will be assumed using the set timezone in the 'timezone_string' wp option)
+	 * @return static (as in the concrete child class)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function instance($timezone = null)
+	{
+		// check if instance of Espresso_model already exists
+		if (! static::$_instance instanceof static) {
+			$arguments = EEM_Base::getModelArguments(static::class, (string) $timezone);
+			$model     = new static(...$arguments);
+			EEM_Base::getLoader()->share(static::class, $model, $arguments);
+			static::$_instance = $model;
+		}
+		// we might have a timezone set, let set_timezone decide what to do with it
+		if ($timezone) {
+			static::$_instance->set_timezone($timezone);
+		}
+		// Espresso_model object
+		return static::$_instance;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * resets the model and returns it
+	 *
+	 * @param string|null $timezone
+	 * @return EEM_Base|null (if the model was already instantiated, returns it, with
+	 * all its properties reset; if it wasn't instantiated, returns null)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public static function reset($timezone = null)
+	{
+		if (! static::$_instance instanceof EEM_Base) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		// Let's NOT swap out the current instance for a new one
+		// because if someone has a reference to it, we can't remove their reference.
+		// It's best to keep using the same reference but change the original object instead,
+		// so reset all its properties to their original values as defined in the class.
+		$static_properties = EEM_Base::getMirror()->getStaticProperties(static::class);
+		foreach (EEM_Base::getMirror()->getDefaultProperties(static::class) as $property => $value) {
+			// don't set instance to null like it was originally,
+			// but it's static anyways, and we're ignoring static properties (for now at least)
+			if (! isset($static_properties[ $property ])) {
+				static::$_instance->{$property} = $value;
+			}
+		}
+		// and then directly call its constructor again, like we would if we were creating a new one
+		$arguments = EEM_Base::getModelArguments(static::class, (string) $timezone);
+		static::$_instance->__construct(...$arguments);
+		return self::instance();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used to set the $_model_query_blog_id static property.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $blog_id  If provided then will set the blog_id for the models to this id.  If not provided then the
+	 *                      value for get_current_blog_id() will be used.
+	 */
+	public static function set_model_query_blog_id($blog_id = 0)
+	{
+		EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id = $blog_id > 0
+			? (int) $blog_id
+			: get_current_blog_id();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whatever is set as the internal $model_query_blog_id.
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public static function get_model_query_blog_id()
+	{
+		return EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * retrieve the status details from esp_status table as an array IF this model has the status table as a relation.
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $translated return localized strings or JUST the array.
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function status_array($translated = false)
+	{
+		if (! array_key_exists('Status', $this->_model_relations)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		$model_name   = $this->get_this_model_name();
+		$status_type  = str_replace(' ', '_', strtolower(str_replace('_', ' ', $model_name)));
+		$stati        = EEM_Status::instance()->get_all([['STS_type' => $status_type]]);
+		$status_array = [];
+		foreach ($stati as $status) {
+			$status_array[ $status->ID() ] = $status->get('STS_code');
+		}
+		return $translated
+			? EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status($status_array, false, 'sentence')
+			: $status_array;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the EE_Base_Class objects which match the $query_params, by querying the DB.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params             @see
+	 *                                        https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 *                                        or if you have the development copy of EE you can view this at the path:
+	 *                                        /docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]  *note that there is NO option to pass the output type. If you want results different
+	 *                                        from EE_Base_Class[], use get_all_wpdb_results(). Array keys are object
+	 *                                        IDs (if there is a primary key on the model. if not, numerically indexed)
+	 *                                        Some full examples: get 10 transactions which have Scottish attendees:
+	 *                                        EEM_Transaction::instance()->get_all( array( array(
+	 *                                        'OR'=>array(
+	 *                                        'Registration.Attendee.ATT_fname'=>array('like','Mc%'),
+	 *                                        'Registration.Attendee.ATT_fname*other'=>array('like','Mac%')
+	 *                                        )
+	 *                                        ),
+	 *                                        'limit'=>10,
+	 *                                        'group_by'=>'TXN_ID'
+	 *                                        ));
+	 *                                        get all the answers to the question titled "shirt size" for event with id
+	 *                                        12, ordered by their answer EEM_Answer::instance()->get_all(array( array(
+	 *                                        'Question.QST_display_text'=>'shirt size',
+	 *                                        'Registration.Event.EVT_ID'=>12
+	 *                                        ),
+	 *                                        'order_by'=>array('ANS_value'=>'ASC')
+	 *                                        ));
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_all($query_params = [])
+	{
+		if (
+			isset($query_params['limit'])
+			&& ! isset($query_params['group_by'])
+		) {
+			$query_params['group_by'] = array_keys($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
+		}
+		return $this->_create_objects($this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Modifies the query parameters so we only get back model objects
+	 * that "belong" to the current user
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return array @see
+	 *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 */
+	public function alter_query_params_to_only_include_mine($query_params = [])
+	{
+		$wp_user_field_name = $this->wp_user_field_name();
+		if ($wp_user_field_name) {
+			$query_params[0][ $wp_user_field_name ] = get_current_user_id();
+		}
+		return $query_params;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the name of the field's name that points to the WP_User table
+	 *  on this model (or follows the _model_chain_to_wp_user and uses that model's
+	 * foreign key to the WP_User table)
+	 *
+	 * @return string|boolean string on success, boolean false when there is no
+	 * foreign key to the WP_User table
+	 */
+	public function wp_user_field_name()
+	{
+		try {
+			if (! empty($this->_model_chain_to_wp_user)) {
+				$models_to_follow_to_wp_users = explode('.', $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user);
+				$last_model_name              = end($models_to_follow_to_wp_users);
+				$model_with_fk_to_wp_users    = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($last_model_name);
+				$model_chain_to_wp_user       = $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user . '.';
+			} else {
+				$model_with_fk_to_wp_users = $this;
+				$model_chain_to_wp_user    = '';
+			}
+			$wp_user_field = $model_with_fk_to_wp_users->get_foreign_key_to('WP_User');
+			return $model_chain_to_wp_user . $wp_user_field->get_name();
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the _model_chain_to_wp_user string, which indicates which related model
+	 * (or transiently-related model) has a foreign key to the wp_users table;
+	 * useful for finding if model objects of this type are 'owned' by the current user.
+	 * This is an empty string when the foreign key is on this model and when it isn't,
+	 * but is only non-empty when this model's ownership is indicated by a RELATED model
+	 * (or transiently-related model)
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function model_chain_to_wp_user()
+	{
+		return $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Whether this model is 'owned' by a specific wordpress user (even indirectly,
+	 * like how registrations don't have a foreign key to wp_users, but the
+	 * events they are for are), or is unrelated to wp users.
+	 * generally available
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_owned()
+	{
+		if ($this->model_chain_to_wp_user()) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		try {
+			$this->get_foreign_key_to('WP_User');
+			return true;
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used internally to get WPDB results, because other functions, besides get_all, may want to do some queries, but
+	 * may want to preserve the WPDB results (eg, update, which first queries to make sure we have all the tables on
+	 * the model)
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params      @see
+	 *                                  https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $output            ARRAY_A, OBJECT_K, etc. Just like
+	 * @param mixed  $columns_to_select , What columns to select. By default, we select all columns specified by the
+	 *                                  fields on the model, and the models we joined to in the query. However, you can
+	 *                                  override this and set the select to "*", or a specific column name, like
+	 *                                  "ATT_ID", etc. If you would like to use these custom selections in WHERE,
+	 *                                  GROUP_BY, or HAVING clauses, you must instead provide an array. Array keys are
+	 *                                  the aliases used to refer to this selection, and values are to be
+	 *                                  numerically-indexed arrays, where 0 is the selection and 1 is the data type.
+	 *                                  Eg, array('count'=>array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%d'))
+	 * @return array | stdClass[] like results of $wpdb->get_results($sql,OBJECT), (ie, output type is OBJECT)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 */
+	protected function _get_all_wpdb_results($query_params = [], $output = ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$this->_custom_selections = $this->getCustomSelection($query_params, $columns_to_select);
+		$model_query_info         = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+		$select_expressions       = $columns_to_select === null
+			? $this->_construct_default_select_sql($model_query_info)
+			: '';
+		if ($this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects) {
+			$custom_expressions = $this->_custom_selections->columnsToSelectExpression();
+			$select_expressions .= $select_expressions
+				? ', ' . $custom_expressions
+				: $custom_expressions;
+		}
+
+		$SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+		return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_results', [$SQL, $output]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get a CustomSelects object if the $query_params or $columns_to_select allows for it.
+	 * Note: $query_params['extra_selects'] will always override any $columns_to_select values. It is the preferred
+	 * method of including extra select information.
+	 *
+	 * @param array             $query_params
+	 * @param null|array|string $columns_to_select
+	 * @return null|CustomSelects
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 */
+	protected function getCustomSelection(array $query_params, $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		if (! isset($query_params['extra_selects']) && $columns_to_select === null) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		$selects = isset($query_params['extra_selects']) ? $query_params['extra_selects'] : $columns_to_select;
+		$selects = is_string($selects) ? explode(',', $selects) : $selects;
+		return new CustomSelects($selects);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets an array of rows from the database just like $wpdb->get_results would,
+	 * but you can use the model query params to more easily
+	 * take care of joins, field preparation etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params      @see
+	 *                                  https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $output            ARRAY_A, OBJECT_K, etc. Just like
+	 * @param mixed  $columns_to_select , What columns to select. By default, we select all columns specified by the
+	 *                                  fields on the model, and the models we joined to in the query. However, you can
+	 *                                  override this and set the select to "*", or a specific column name, like
+	 *                                  "ATT_ID", etc. If you would like to use these custom selections in WHERE,
+	 *                                  GROUP_BY, or HAVING clauses, you must instead provide an array. Array keys are
+	 *                                  the aliases used to refer to this selection, and values are to be
+	 *                                  numerically-indexed arrays, where 0 is the selection and 1 is the data type.
+	 *                                  Eg, array('count'=>array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%d'))
+	 * @return array|stdClass[] like results of $wpdb->get_results($sql,OBJECT), (ie, output type is OBJECT)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_all_wpdb_results($query_params = [], $output = ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, $output, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For creating a custom select statement
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $columns_to_select either a string to be inserted directly as the select statement,
+	 *                                 or an array where keys are aliases, and values are arrays where 0=>the selection
+	 *                                 SQL, and 1=>is the datatype
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _construct_select_from_input($columns_to_select)
+	{
+		if (is_array($columns_to_select)) {
+			$select_sql_array = [];
+			foreach ($columns_to_select as $alias => $selection_and_datatype) {
+				if (! is_array($selection_and_datatype) || ! isset($selection_and_datatype[1])) {
+					throw new EE_Error(
+						sprintf(
+							esc_html__(
+								"Custom selection %s (alias %s) needs to be an array like array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%%d')",
+								'event_espresso'
+							),
+							$selection_and_datatype,
+							$alias
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				if (! in_array($selection_and_datatype[1], $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types, true)) {
+					throw new EE_Error(
+						sprintf(
+							esc_html__(
+								"Datatype %s (for selection '%s' and alias '%s') is not a valid wpdb datatype (eg %%s)",
+								'event_espresso'
+							),
+							$selection_and_datatype[1],
+							$selection_and_datatype[0],
+							$alias,
+							implode(', ', $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				$select_sql_array[] = "{$selection_and_datatype[0]} AS $alias";
+			}
+			$columns_to_select_string = implode(', ', $select_sql_array);
+		} else {
+			$columns_to_select_string = $columns_to_select;
+		}
+		return $columns_to_select_string;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Convenient wrapper for getting the primary key field's name. Eg, on Registration, this would be 'REG_ID'
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function primary_key_name()
+	{
+		return $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a single item for this model from the DB, given only its ID (or null if none is found).
+	 * If there is no primary key on this model, $id is treated as primary key string
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $id int or string, depending on the type of the model's primary key
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|mixed|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_one_by_ID($id)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_from_entity_map($id)) {
+			return $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		}
+		$model_object = $this->get_one(
+			$this->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
+				$id,
+				['default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all]
+			)
+		);
+		$className    = $this->_get_class_name();
+		if ($model_object instanceof $className) {
+			// make sure valid objects get added to the entity map
+			// so that the next call to this method doesn't trigger another trip to the db
+			$this->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
+		}
+		return $model_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Alters query parameters to only get items with this ID are returned.
+	 * Takes into account that the ID might be a string produced by EEM_Base::get_index_primary_key_string(),
+	 * or could just be a simple primary key ID
+	 *
+	 * @param int   $id
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return array of normal query params, @see
+	 *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID($id, $query_params = [])
+	{
+		if (! isset($query_params[0])) {
+			$query_params[0] = [];
+		}
+		$conditions_from_id = $this->parse_index_primary_key_string($id);
+		if ($conditions_from_id === null) {
+			$query_params[0][ $this->primary_key_name() ] = $id;
+		} else {
+			// no primary key, so the $id must be from the get_index_primary_key_string()
+			$query_params[0] = array_replace_recursive($query_params[0], $this->parse_index_primary_key_string($id));
+		}
+		return $query_params;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a single item for this model from the DB, given the $query_params. Only returns a single class, not an
+	 * array. If no item is found, null is returned.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base's $query_params variable.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class|NULL
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_one($query_params = [])
+	{
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+				'EEM_Base::get_one',
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
+					gettype($query_params)
+				),
+				'4.6.0'
+			);
+			$query_params = [];
+		}
+		$query_params['limit'] = 1;
+		$items                 = $this->get_all($query_params);
+		if (empty($items)) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		return array_shift($items);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next x number of items in sequence from the given value as
+	 * found in the database matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
+	 *                                      reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit                  How many to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an array of
+	 *                                      EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
+	 *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the
+	 *                                      columns you want returned.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next_x(
+		$current_field_value,
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = [],
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		return $this->_get_consecutive(
+			$current_field_value,
+			'>',
+			$field_to_order_by,
+			$limit,
+			$query_params,
+			$columns_to_select
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous x number of items in sequence from the given value
+	 * as found in the database matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
+	 *                                      reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit                  How many to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an array of
+	 *                                      EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
+	 *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the
+	 *                                      columns you want returned.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous_x(
+		$current_field_value,
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = [],
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		return $this->_get_consecutive(
+			$current_field_value,
+			'<',
+			$field_to_order_by,
+			$limit,
+			$query_params,
+			$columns_to_select
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next item in sequence from the given value as found in the
+	 * database matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
+	 *                                      reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an EE_Base_Class
+	 *                                      object is returned, otherwise you
+	 *                                      can indicate just the columns you
+	 *                                      want and a single array indexed by
+	 *                                      the columns will be returned.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|null|array()
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next(
+		$current_field_value,
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$query_params = [],
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		$results = $this->_get_consecutive(
+			$current_field_value,
+			'>',
+			$field_to_order_by,
+			1,
+			$query_params,
+			$columns_to_select
+		);
+		return empty($results) ? null : reset($results);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous item in sequence from the given value as found in
+	 * the database matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
+	 *                                      reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an EE_Base_Class
+	 *                                      object is returned, otherwise you
+	 *                                      can indicate just the columns you
+	 *                                      want and a single array indexed by
+	 *                                      the columns will be returned.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|null|array()
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous(
+		$current_field_value,
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$query_params = [],
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		$results = $this->_get_consecutive(
+			$current_field_value,
+			'<',
+			$field_to_order_by,
+			1,
+			$query_params,
+			$columns_to_select
+		);
+		return empty($results) ? null : reset($results);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the a consecutive number of items in sequence from the given
+	 * value as found in the database matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $current_field_value   Value used for the reference point.
+	 * @param string $operand               What operand is used for the sequence.
+	 * @param string $field_to_order_by     What field is used for the reference point.
+	 * @param int    $limit                 How many to return.
+	 * @param array  $query_params          Extra conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null   $columns_to_select     If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
+	 *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the columns you want returned.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_consecutive(
+		$current_field_value,
+		$operand = '>',
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = [],
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		// if $field_to_order_by is empty then let's assume we're ordering by the primary key.
+		if (empty($field_to_order_by)) {
+			if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+				$field_to_order_by = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+			} else {
+				if (WP_DEBUG) {
+					throw new EE_Error(
+						esc_html__(
+							'EEM_Base::_get_consecutive() has been called with no $field_to_order_by argument and there is no primary key on the field.  Please provide the field you would like to use as the base for retrieving the next item(s).',
+							'event_espresso'
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				EE_Error::add_error(esc_html__('There was an error with the query.', 'event_espresso'));
+				return [];
+			}
+		}
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+				'EEM_Base::_get_consecutive',
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
+					gettype($query_params)
+				),
+				'4.6.0'
+			);
+			$query_params = [];
+		}
+		// let's add the where query param for consecutive look up.
+		$query_params[0][ $field_to_order_by ] = [$operand, $current_field_value];
+		$query_params['limit']                 = $limit;
+		// set direction
+		$incoming_orderby         = isset($query_params['order_by']) ? (array) $query_params['order_by'] : [];
+		$query_params['order_by'] = $operand === '>'
+			? [$field_to_order_by => 'ASC'] + $incoming_orderby
+			: [$field_to_order_by => 'DESC'] + $incoming_orderby;
+		// if $columns_to_select is empty then that means we're returning EE_Base_Class objects
+		if (empty($columns_to_select)) {
+			return $this->get_all($query_params);
+		}
+		// getting just the fields
+		return $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the _timezone property after model object has been instantiated.
+	 *
+	 * @param null | string $timezone valid PHP DateTimeZone timezone string
+	 */
+	public function set_timezone($timezone)
+	{
+		if ($timezone !== null) {
+			$this->_timezone = $timezone;
+		}
+		// note we need to loop through relations and set the timezone on those objects as well.
+		foreach ($this->_model_relations as $relation) {
+			$relation->set_timezone($timezone);
+		}
+		// and finally we do the same for any datetime fields
+		foreach ($this->_fields as $field) {
+			if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field->set_timezone($timezone);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_timezone()
+	{
+		// first validate if timezone is set.  If not, then let's set it be whatever is set on the model fields.
+		if (empty($this->_timezone)) {
+			foreach ($this->_fields as $field) {
+				if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+					$this->set_timezone($field->get_timezone());
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// if timezone STILL empty then return the default timezone for the site.
+		if (empty($this->_timezone)) {
+			$this->set_timezone(EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone());
+		}
+		return $this->_timezone;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the date formats set for the given field name and also ensures that
+	 * $this->_timezone property is set correctly.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name The name of the field the formats are being retrieved for.
+	 * @param bool   $pretty     Whether to return the pretty formats (true) or not (false).
+	 * @return array formats in an array with the date format first, and the time format last.
+	 * @throws EE_Error   If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type.
+	 * @since 4.6.x
+	 */
+	public function get_formats_for($field_name, $pretty = false)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		// if not a valid EE_Datetime_Field then throw error
+		if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The field sent into EEM_Base::get_formats_for (%s) is not registered as a EE_Datetime_Field. Please check the spelling and make sure you are submitting the right field name to retrieve date_formats for.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// while we are here, let's make sure the timezone internally in EEM_Base matches what is stored on
+		// the field.
+		$this->_timezone = $field_settings->get_timezone();
+		return [$field_settings->get_date_format($pretty), $field_settings->get_time_format($pretty)];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the current time in a format setup for a query on this model.
+	 * Usage of this method makes it easier to setup queries against EE_Datetime_Field columns because
+	 * it will return:
+	 *  - a formatted string in the timezone and format currently set on the EE_Datetime_Field for the given field for
+	 *  NOW
+	 *  - or a unix timestamp (equivalent to time())
+	 * Note: When requesting a formatted string, if the date or time format doesn't include seconds, for example,
+	 * the time returned, because it uses that format, will also NOT include seconds. For this reason, if you want
+	 * the time returned to be the current time down to the exact second, set $timestamp to true.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name       The field the current time is needed for.
+	 * @param bool   $timestamp        True means to return a unix timestamp. Otherwise a
+	 *                                 formatted string matching the set format for the field in the set timezone will
+	 *                                 be returned.
+	 * @param string $what             Whether to return the string in just the time format, the date format, or both.
+	 * @return int|string  If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type, then an EE_Error
+	 *                                 exception is triggered.
+	 * @throws EE_Error    If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type.
+	 * @since 4.6.x
+	 */
+	public function current_time_for_query($field_name, $timestamp = false, $what = 'both')
+	{
+		$formats  = $this->get_formats_for($field_name);
+		$DateTime = new DateTime("now", new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
+		if ($timestamp) {
+			return $DateTime->format('U');
+		}
+		// not returning timestamp, so return formatted string in timezone.
+		switch ($what) {
+			case 'time':
+				return $DateTime->format($formats[1]);
+				break;
+			case 'date':
+				return $DateTime->format($formats[0]);
+				break;
+			default:
+				return $DateTime->format(implode(' ', $formats));
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This receives a time string for a given field and ensures that it is setup to match what the internal settings
+	 * for the model are.  Returns a DateTime object.
+	 * Note: a gotcha for when you send in unix timestamp.  Remember a unix timestamp is already timezone agnostic,
+	 * (functionally the equivalent of UTC+0).  So when you send it in, whatever timezone string you include is
+	 * ignored.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name      The field being setup.
+	 * @param string $timestring      The date time string being used.
+	 * @param string $incoming_format The format for the time string.
+	 * @param string $timezone        By default, it is assumed the incoming time string is in timezone for
+	 *                                the blog.  If this is not the case, then it can be specified here.  If incoming
+	 *                                format is
+	 *                                'U', this is ignored.
+	 * @return DateTime
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function convert_datetime_for_query($field_name, $timestring, $incoming_format, $timezone = '')
+	{
+		// just using this to ensure the timezone is set correctly internally
+		$this->get_formats_for($field_name);
+		// load EEH_DTT_Helper
+		$set_timezone     = empty($timezone) ? EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone() : $timezone;
+		$incomingDateTime = date_create_from_format($incoming_format, $timestring, new DateTimeZone($set_timezone));
+		EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($incomingDateTime, new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
+		return \EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\DbSafeDateTime::createFromDateTime($incomingDateTime);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the tables comprising this model. Array keys are the table aliases, and values are EE_Table objects
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Table_Base[]
+	 */
+	public function get_tables()
+	{
+		return $this->_tables;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates all the database entries (in each table for this model) according to $fields_n_values and optionally
+	 * also updates all the model objects, where the criteria expressed in $query_params are met..
+	 * Also note: if this model has multiple tables, this update verifies all the secondary tables have an entry for
+	 * each row (in the primary table) we're trying to update; if not, it inserts an entry in the secondary table. Eg:
+	 * if our model has 2 tables: wp_posts (primary), and wp_esp_event (secondary). Let's say we are trying to update a
+	 * model object with EVT_ID = 1
+	 * (which means where wp_posts has ID = 1, because wp_posts.ID is the primary key's column), which exists, but
+	 * there is no entry in wp_esp_event for this entry in wp_posts. So, this update script will insert a row into
+	 * wp_esp_event, using any available parameters from $fields_n_values (eg, if "EVT_limit" => 40 is in
+	 * $fields_n_values, the new entry in wp_esp_event will set EVT_limit = 40, and use default for other columns which
+	 * are not specified)
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $fields_n_values         keys are model fields (exactly like keys in EEM_Base::_fields, NOT db
+	 *                                         columns!), values are strings, ints, floats, and maybe arrays if they
+	 *                                         are to be serialized. Basically, the values are what you'd expect to be
+	 *                                         values on the model, NOT necessarily what's in the DB. For example, if
+	 *                                         we wanted to update only the TXN_details on any Transactions where its
+	 *                                         ID=34, we'd use this method as follows:
+	 *                                         EEM_Transaction::instance()->update(
+	 *                                         array('TXN_details'=>array('detail1'=>'monkey','detail2'=>'banana'),
+	 *                                         array(array('TXN_ID'=>34)));
+	 * @param array   $query_params            @see
+	 *                                         https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 *                                         Eg, consider updating Question's QST_admin_label field is of type
+	 *                                         Simple_HTML. If you use this function to update that field to $new_value
+	 *                                         = (note replace 8's with appropriate opening and closing tags in the
+	 *                                         following example)"8script8alert('I hack all');8/script88b8boom
+	 *                                         baby8/b8", then if you set $values_already_prepared_by_model_object to
+	 *                                         TRUE, it is assumed that you've already called
+	 *                                         EE_Simple_HTML_Field->prepare_for_set($new_value), which removes the
+	 *                                         malicious javascript. However, if
+	 *                                         $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is left as FALSE, then
+	 *                                         EE_Simple_HTML_Field->prepare_for_set($new_value) will be called on it,
+	 *                                         and every other field, before insertion. We provide this parameter
+	 *                                         because model objects perform their prepare_for_set function on all
+	 *                                         their values, and so don't need to be called again (and in many cases,
+	 *                                         shouldn't be called again. Eg: if we escape HTML characters in the
+	 *                                         prepare_for_set method...)
+	 * @param boolean $keep_model_objs_in_sync if TRUE, makes sure we ALSO update model objects
+	 *                                         in this model's entity map according to $fields_n_values that match
+	 *                                         $query_params. This obviously has some overhead, so you can disable it
+	 *                                         by setting this to FALSE, but be aware that model objects being used
+	 *                                         could get out-of-sync with the database
+	 * @return int how many rows got updated or FALSE if something went wrong with the query (wp returns FALSE or num
+	 *                                         rows affected which *could* include 0 which DOES NOT mean the query was
+	 *                                         bad)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update($fields_n_values, $query_params, $keep_model_objs_in_sync = true)
+	{
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+				'EEM_Base::update',
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
+					gettype($query_params)
+				),
+				'4.6.0'
+			);
+			$query_params = [];
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Action called before a model update call has been made.
+		 *
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model
+		 * @param array    $fields_n_values the updated fields and their new values
+		 * @param array    $query_params    @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__update__begin', $this, $fields_n_values, $query_params);
+		/**
+		 * Filters the fields about to be updated given the query parameters. You can provide the
+		 * $query_params to $this->get_all() to find exactly which records will be updated
+		 *
+		 * @param array    $fields_n_values fields and their new values
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model           the model being queried
+		 * @param array    $query_params    @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+		 */
+		$fields_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EEM_Base__update__fields_n_values',
+			$fields_n_values,
+			$this,
+			$query_params
+		);
+		// need to verify that, for any entry we want to update, there are entries in each secondary table.
+		// to do that, for each table, verify that it's PK isn't null.
+		$tables = $this->get_tables();
+		// and if the other tables don't have a row for each table-to-be-updated, we'll insert one with whatever values available in the current update query
+		// NOTE: we should make this code more efficient by NOT querying twice
+		// before the real update, but that needs to first go through ALPHA testing
+		// as it's dangerous. says Mike August 8 2014
+		// we want to make sure the default_where strategy is ignored
+		$this->_ignore_where_strategy = true;
+		$wpdb_select_results          = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
+		foreach ($wpdb_select_results as $wpdb_result) {
+			// type cast stdClass as array
+			$wpdb_result = (array) $wpdb_result;
+			// get the model object's PK, as we'll want this if we need to insert a row into secondary tables
+			if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+				$main_table_pk_value = $wpdb_result[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ];
+			} else {
+				// if there's no primary key, we basically can't support having a 2nd table on the model (we could but it would be lots of work)
+				$main_table_pk_value = null;
+			}
+			// if there are more than 1 tables, we'll want to verify that each table for this model has an entry in the other tables
+			// and if the other tables don't have a row for each table-to-be-updated, we'll insert one with whatever values available in the current update query
+			if (count($tables) > 1) {
+				// foreach matching row in the DB, ensure that each table's PK isn't null. If so, there must not be an entry
+				// in that table, and so we'll want to insert one
+				foreach ($tables as $table_obj) {
+					$this_table_pk_column = $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column();
+					// if there is no private key for this table on the results, it means there's no entry
+					// in this table, right? so insert a row in the current table, using any fields available
+					if (
+						! (array_key_exists($this_table_pk_column, $wpdb_result)
+						   && $wpdb_result[ $this_table_pk_column ])
+					) {
+						$success = $this->_insert_into_specific_table(
+							$table_obj,
+							$fields_n_values,
+							$main_table_pk_value
+						);
+						// if we died here, report the error
+						if (! $success) {
+							return false;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			//              //and now check that if we have cached any models by that ID on the model, that
+			//              //they also get updated properly
+			//              $model_object = $this->get_from_entity_map( $main_table_pk_value );
+			//              if( $model_object ){
+			//                  foreach( $fields_n_values as $field => $value ){
+			//                      $model_object->set($field, $value);
+			// let's make sure default_where strategy is followed now
+			$this->_ignore_where_strategy = false;
+		}
+		// if we want to keep model objects in sync, AND
+		// if this wasn't called from a model object (to update itself)
+		// then we want to make sure we keep all the existing
+		// model objects in sync with the db
+		if ($keep_model_objs_in_sync && ! $this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object) {
+			if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+				$model_objs_affected_ids = $this->get_col($query_params);
+			} else {
+				// we need to select a bunch of columns and then combine them into the the "index primary key string"s
+				$models_affected_key_columns = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, ARRAY_A);
+				$model_objs_affected_ids     = [];
+				foreach ($models_affected_key_columns as $row) {
+					$combined_index_key                             = $this->get_index_primary_key_string($row);
+					$model_objs_affected_ids[ $combined_index_key ] = $combined_index_key;
+				}
+			}
+			if (! $model_objs_affected_ids) {
+				// wait wait wait- if nothing was affected let's stop here
+				return 0;
+			}
+			foreach ($model_objs_affected_ids as $id) {
+				$model_obj_in_entity_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
+				if ($model_obj_in_entity_map) {
+					foreach ($fields_n_values as $field => $new_value) {
+						$model_obj_in_entity_map->set($field, $new_value);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			// if there is a primary key on this model, we can now do a slight optimization
+			if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+				// we already know what we want to update. So let's make the query simpler so it's a little more efficient
+				$query_params = [
+					[$this->primary_key_name() => ['IN', $model_objs_affected_ids]],
+					'limit'                    => count($model_objs_affected_ids),
+					'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none,
+				];
+			}
+		}
+		$model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+
+		$SQL = "UPDATE {$model_query_info->get_full_join_sql()} 
                 SET {$this->_construct_update_sql($fields_n_values)}
                 {$model_query_info->get_where_sql()}";
-        // note: doesn't use _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query() because doesn't accept LIMIT, ORDER BY, etc.
-        $rows_affected    = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', [$SQL]);
-        /**
-         * Action called after a model update call has been made.
-         *
-         * @param EEM_Base $model
-         * @param array    $fields_n_values the updated fields and their new values
-         * @param array    $query_params    @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-         * @param int      $rows_affected
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__update__end', $this, $fields_n_values, $query_params, $rows_affected);
-        return $rows_affected;// how many supposedly got updated
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Analogous to $wpdb->get_col, returns a 1-dimensional array where teh values
-     * are teh values of the field specified (or by default the primary key field)
-     * that matched the query params. Note that you should pass the name of the
-     * model FIELD, not the database table's column name.
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params @see
-     *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_select
-     * @return array just like $wpdb->get_col()
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_col($query_params = [], $field_to_select = null)
-    {
-        if ($field_to_select) {
-            $field = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_select);
-        } elseif ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
-        } else {
-            // no primary key, just grab the first column
-            $field_settings = $this->field_settings();
-            $field          = reset($field_settings);
-        }
-        $model_query_info   = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-        $select_expressions = $field->get_qualified_column();
-        $SQL                =
-            "SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
-        return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_col', [$SQL]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a single column value for a single row from the database
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params    @see
-     *                                https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_select @see EEM_Base::get_col()
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_var($query_params = [], $field_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $query_params['limit'] = 1;
-        $col                   = $this->get_col($query_params, $field_to_select);
-        if (! empty($col)) {
-            return reset($col);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Makes the SQL for after "UPDATE table_X inner join table_Y..." and before "...WHERE". Eg "Question.name='party
-     * time?', Question.desc='what do you think?',..." Values are filtered through wpdb->prepare to avoid against SQL
-     * injection, but currently no further filtering is done
-     *
-     * @param array $fields_n_values array keys are field names on this model, and values are what those fields should
-     *                               be updated to in the DB
-     * @return string of SQL
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @global      $wpdb
-     */
-    public function _construct_update_sql($fields_n_values)
-    {
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        $cols_n_values = [];
-        foreach ($fields_n_values as $field_name => $value) {
-            $field_obj = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
-            // if the value is NULL, we want to assign the value to that.
-            // wpdb->prepare doesn't really handle that properly
-            $prepared_value  = $this->_prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values);
-            $value_sql       = $prepared_value === null ? 'NULL'
-                : $wpdb->prepare($field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type(), $prepared_value);
-            $cols_n_values[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column() . "=" . $value_sql;
-        }
-        return implode(",", $cols_n_values);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes a single row from the DB given the model object's primary key value. (eg, EE_Attendee->ID()'s value).
-     * Performs a HARD delete, meaning the database row should always be removed,
-     * not just have a flag field on it switched
-     * Wrapper for EEM_Base::delete_permanently()
-     *
-     * @param mixed   $id
-     * @param boolean $allow_blocking
-     * @return int the number of rows deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_permanently_by_ID($id, $allow_blocking = true)
-    {
-        return $this->delete_permanently(
-            [
-                [$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id],
-                'limit' => 1,
-            ],
-            $allow_blocking
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes a single row from the DB given the model object's primary key value. (eg, EE_Attendee->ID()'s value).
-     * Wrapper for EEM_Base::delete()
-     *
-     * @param mixed   $id
-     * @param boolean $allow_blocking
-     * @return int the number of rows deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_by_ID($id, $allow_blocking = true)
-    {
-        return $this->delete(
-            [
-                [$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id],
-                'limit' => 1,
-            ],
-            $allow_blocking
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Identical to delete_permanently, but does a "soft" delete if possible,
-     * meaning if the model has a field that indicates its been "trashed" or
-     * "soft deleted", we will just set that instead of actually deleting the rows.
-     *
-     * @param array   $query_params
-     * @param boolean $allow_blocking
-     * @return int how many rows got deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @see EEM_Base::delete_permanently
-     */
-    public function delete($query_params, $allow_blocking = true)
-    {
-        return $this->delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes the model objects that meet the query params. Note: this method is overridden
-     * in EEM_Soft_Delete_Base so that soft-deleted model objects are instead only flagged
-     * as archived, not actually deleted
-     *
-     * @param array   $query_params   @see
-     *                                https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param boolean $allow_blocking if TRUE, matched objects will only be deleted if there is no related model info
-     *                                that blocks it (ie, there' sno other data that depends on this data); if false,
-     *                                deletes regardless of other objects which may depend on it. Its generally
-     *                                advisable to always leave this as TRUE, otherwise you could easily corrupt your
-     *                                DB
-     * @return int how many rows got deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking = true)
-    {
-        /**
-         * Action called just before performing a real deletion query. You can use the
-         * model and its $query_params to find exactly which items will be deleted
-         *
-         * @param EEM_Base $model
-         * @param array    $query_params   @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-         * @param boolean  $allow_blocking whether or not to allow related model objects
-         *                                 to block (prevent) this deletion
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__begin', $this, $query_params, $allow_blocking);
-        // some MySQL databases may be running safe mode, which may restrict
-        // deletion if there is no KEY column used in the WHERE statement of a deletion.
-        // to get around this, we first do a SELECT, get all the IDs, and then run another query
-        // to delete them
-        $items_for_deletion           = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
-        $columns_and_ids_for_deleting = $this->_get_ids_for_delete($items_for_deletion, $allow_blocking);
-        $deletion_where_query_part    = $this->_build_query_part_for_deleting_from_columns_and_values(
-            $columns_and_ids_for_deleting
-        );
-        /**
-         * Allows client code to act on the items being deleted before the query is actually executed.
-         *
-         * @param EEM_Base $this                            The model instance being acted on.
-         * @param array    $query_params                    The incoming array of query parameters influencing what gets deleted.
-         * @param bool     $allow_blocking                  @see param description in method phpdoc block.
-         * @param array    $columns_and_ids_for_deleting    An array indicating what entities will get removed as
-         *                                                  derived from the incoming query parameters.
-         * @see details on the structure of this array in the phpdocs
-         *                                                  for the `_get_ids_for_delete_method`
-         *
-         */
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__before_query',
-            $this,
-            $query_params,
-            $allow_blocking,
-            $columns_and_ids_for_deleting
-        );
-        if ($deletion_where_query_part) {
-            $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-            $table_aliases    = array_keys($this->_tables);
-            $SQL              = "DELETE "
-                                . implode(", ", $table_aliases)
-                                . " FROM "
-                                . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql()
-                                . " WHERE "
-                                . $deletion_where_query_part;
-            $rows_deleted     = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', [$SQL]);
-        } else {
-            $rows_deleted = 0;
-        }
-
-        // Next, make sure those items are removed from the entity map; if they could be put into it at all; and if
-        // there was no error with the delete query.
-        if (
-            $this->has_primary_key_field()
-            && $rows_deleted !== false
-            && isset($columns_and_ids_for_deleting[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ])
-        ) {
-            $ids_for_removal = $columns_and_ids_for_deleting[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ];
-            foreach ($ids_for_removal as $id) {
-                if (isset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ])) {
-                    unset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ]);
-                }
-            }
-
-            // delete any extra meta attached to the deleted entities but ONLY if this model is not an instance of
-            // `EEM_Extra_Meta`.  In other words we want to prevent recursion on EEM_Extra_Meta::delete_permanently calls
-            // unnecessarily.  It's very unlikely that users will have assigned Extra Meta to Extra Meta
-            // (although it is possible).
-            // Note this can be skipped by using the provided filter and returning false.
-            if (
-                apply_filters(
-                    'FHEE__EEM_Base__delete_permanently__dont_delete_extra_meta_for_extra_meta',
-                    ! $this instanceof EEM_Extra_Meta,
-                    $this
-                )
-            ) {
-                EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete_permanently([
-                                                                   0 => [
-                                                                       'EXM_type' => $this->get_this_model_name(),
-                                                                       'OBJ_ID'   => [
-                                                                           'IN',
-                                                                           $ids_for_removal,
-                                                                       ],
-                                                                   ],
-                                                               ]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Action called just after performing a real deletion query. Although at this point the
-         * items should have been deleted
-         *
-         * @param EEM_Base $model
-         * @param array    $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-         * @param int      $rows_deleted
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__end', $this, $query_params, $rows_deleted, $columns_and_ids_for_deleting);
-        return $rows_deleted;// how many supposedly got deleted
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks all the relations that throw error messages when there are blocking related objects
-     * for related model objects. If there are any related model objects on those relations,
-     * adds an EE_Error, and return true
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int $this_model_obj_or_id
-     * @param EE_Base_Class     $ignore_this_model_obj a model object like 'EE_Event', or 'EE_Term_Taxonomy', which
-     *                                                 should be ignored when determining whether there are related
-     *                                                 model objects which block this model object's deletion. Useful
-     *                                                 if you know A is related to B and are considering deleting A,
-     *                                                 but want to see if A has any other objects blocking its deletion
-     *                                                 before removing the relation between A and B
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_is_blocked_by_related_models($this_model_obj_or_id, $ignore_this_model_obj = null)
-    {
-        // first, if $ignore_this_model_obj was supplied, get its model
-        if ($ignore_this_model_obj && $ignore_this_model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $ignored_model = $ignore_this_model_obj->get_model();
-        } else {
-            $ignored_model = null;
-        }
-        // now check all the relations of $this_model_obj_or_id and see if there
-        // are any related model objects blocking it?
-        $is_blocked = false;
-        foreach ($this->_model_relations as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj->block_delete_if_related_models_exist()) {
-                // if $ignore_this_model_obj was supplied, then for the query
-                // on that model needs to be told to ignore $ignore_this_model_obj
-                if ($ignored_model && $relation_name === $ignored_model->get_this_model_name()) {
-                    $related_model_objects = $relation_obj->get_all_related($this_model_obj_or_id, [
-                        [
-                            $ignored_model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => [
-                                '!=',
-                                $ignore_this_model_obj->ID(),
-                            ],
-                        ],
-                    ]);
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_objects = $relation_obj->get_all_related($this_model_obj_or_id);
-                }
-                if ($related_model_objects) {
-                    EE_Error::add_error($relation_obj->get_deletion_error_message(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-                    $is_blocked = true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $is_blocked;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Builds the columns and values for items to delete from the incoming $row_results_for_deleting array.
-     *
-     * @param array $row_results_for_deleting
-     * @param bool  $allow_blocking
-     * @return array   The shape of this array depends on whether the model `has_primary_key_field` or not.  If the
-     *                              model DOES have a primary_key_field, then the array will be a simple single
-     *                              dimension array where the key is the fully qualified primary key column and the
-     *                              value is an array of ids that will be deleted. Example: array('Event.EVT_ID' =>
-     *                              array( 1,2,3)) If the model DOES NOT have a primary_key_field, then the array will
-     *                              be a two dimensional array where each element is a group of columns and values that
-     *                              get deleted. Example: array(
-     *                              0 => array(
-     *                              'Term_Relationship.object_id' => 1
-     *                              'Term_Relationship.term_taxonomy_id' => 5
-     *                              ),
-     *                              1 => array(
-     *                              'Term_Relationship.object_id' => 1
-     *                              'Term_Relationship.term_taxonomy_id' => 6
-     *                              )
-     *                              )
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_ids_for_delete(array $row_results_for_deleting, $allow_blocking = true)
-    {
-        $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column = [];
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $primary_table                   = $this->_get_main_table();
-            $primary_table_pk_field          =
-                $this->get_field_by_column($primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column());
-            $other_tables                    = $this->_get_other_tables();
-            $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column = $query = [];
-            foreach ($row_results_for_deleting as $item_to_delete) {
-                // before we mark this item for deletion,
-                // make sure there's no related entities blocking its deletion (if we're checking)
-                if (
-                    $allow_blocking
-                    && $this->delete_is_blocked_by_related_models(
-                        $item_to_delete[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ]
-                    )
-                ) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                // primary table deletes
-                if (isset($item_to_delete[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ])) {
-                    $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ][] =
-                        $item_to_delete[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ];
-                }
-            }
-        } elseif (count($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields()) > 1) {
-            $fields = $this->get_combined_primary_key_fields();
-            foreach ($row_results_for_deleting as $item_to_delete) {
-                $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_row = [];
-                foreach ($fields as $cpk_field) {
-                    if ($cpk_field instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-                        $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_row[ $cpk_field->get_qualified_column() ] =
-                            $item_to_delete[ $cpk_field->get_qualified_column() ];
-                    }
-                }
-                $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column[] = $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_row;
-            }
-        } else {
-            // so there's no primary key and no combined key...
-            // sorry, can't help you
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "Cannot delete objects of type %s because there is no primary key NOR combined key",
-                        "event_espresso"
-                    ),
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This receives an array of columns and values set to be deleted (as prepared by _get_ids_for_delete) and prepares
-     * the corresponding query_part for the query performing the delete.
-     *
-     * @param array $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column @see _get_ids_for_delete for how this array might be shaped.
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _build_query_part_for_deleting_from_columns_and_values(array $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column)
-    {
-        $query_part = '';
-        if (empty($ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column)) {
-            return $query_part;
-        } elseif ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $query = [];
-            foreach ($ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column as $column => $ids) {
-                $query[] = $column . ' IN' . $this->_construct_in_value($ids, $this->_primary_key_field);
-            }
-            $query_part = ! empty($query) ? implode(' AND ', $query) : $query_part;
-        } elseif (count($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields()) > 1) {
-            $ways_to_identify_a_row = [];
-            foreach ($ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column as $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_each_row) {
-                $values_for_each_combined_primary_key_for_a_row = [];
-                foreach ($ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_each_row as $column => $id) {
-                    $values_for_each_combined_primary_key_for_a_row[] = $column . '=' . $id;
-                }
-                $ways_to_identify_a_row[] = '('
-                                            . implode(' AND ', $values_for_each_combined_primary_key_for_a_row)
-                                            . ')';
-            }
-            $query_part = implode(' OR ', $ways_to_identify_a_row);
-        }
-        return $query_part;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model field by the fully qualified name
-     *
-     * @param string $qualified_column_name eg 'Event_CPT.post_name' or $field_obj->get_qualified_column()
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
-     */
-    public function get_field_by_column($qualified_column_name)
-    {
-        foreach ($this->field_settings(true) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if ($field_obj->get_qualified_column() === $qualified_column_name) {
-                return $field_obj;
-            }
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__('Could not find a field on the model "%1$s" for qualified column "%2$s"', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->get_this_model_name(),
-                $qualified_column_name
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Count all the rows that match criteria the model query params.
-     * If $field_to_count isn't provided, the model's primary key is used. Otherwise, we count by field_to_count's
-     * column
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params   @see
-     *                               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_count field on model to count by (not column name)
-     * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
-     *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function count($query_params = [], $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
-    {
-        $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-        if ($field_to_count) {
-            $field_obj       = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_count);
-            $column_to_count = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
-        } elseif ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $pk_field_obj    = $this->get_primary_key_field();
-            $column_to_count = $pk_field_obj->get_qualified_column();
-        } else {
-            // there's no primary key
-            // if we're counting distinct items, and there's no primary key,
-            // we need to list out the columns for distinction;
-            // otherwise we can just use star
-            if ($distinct) {
-                $columns_to_use = [];
-                foreach ($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields() as $field_obj) {
-                    $columns_to_use[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
-                }
-                $column_to_count = implode(',', $columns_to_use);
-            } else {
-                $column_to_count = '*';
-            }
-        }
-        $column_to_count = $distinct ? "DISTINCT " . $column_to_count : $column_to_count;
-        $SQL             =
-            "SELECT COUNT(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
-        return (int) $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', [$SQL]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sums up the value of the $field_to_sum (defaults to the primary key, which isn't terribly useful)
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params @see
-     *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_sum name of field (array key in $_fields array)
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum($query_params, $field_to_sum = null)
-    {
-        $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-        if ($field_to_sum) {
-            $field_obj = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_sum);
-        } else {
-            $field_obj = $this->get_primary_key_field();
-        }
-        $column_to_count = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
-        $SQL             =
-            "SELECT SUM(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
-        $return_value    = $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', [$SQL]);
-        $data_type       = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
-        if ($data_type === '%d' || $data_type === '%s') {
-            return (float) $return_value;
-        }
-        // must be %f
-        return (float) $return_value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just calls the specified method on $wpdb with the given arguments
-     * Consolidates a little extra error handling code
-     *
-     * @param string $wpdb_method
-     * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @global wpdb  $wpdb
-     */
-    protected function _do_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
-    {
-        // if we're in maintenance mode level 2, DON'T run any queries
-        // because level 2 indicates the database needs updating and
-        // is probably out of sync with the code
-        if (! EE_Maintenance_Mode::instance()->models_can_query()) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "Event Espresso Level 2 Maintenance mode is active. That means EE can not run ANY database queries until the necessary migration scripts have run which will take EE out of maintenance mode level 2. Please inform support of this error.",
-                        "event_espresso"
-                    )
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        if (! method_exists($wpdb, $wpdb_method)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'There is no method named "%s" on Wordpress\' $wpdb object',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $wpdb_method
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if (WP_DEBUG) {
-            $old_show_errors_value = $wpdb->show_errors;
-            $wpdb->show_errors(false);
-        }
-        $result = $this->_process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
-        $this->show_db_query_if_previously_requested($wpdb->last_query);
-        if (WP_DEBUG) {
-            $wpdb->show_errors($old_show_errors_value);
-            if (! empty($wpdb->last_error)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(sprintf(esc_html__('WPDB Error: "%s"', 'event_espresso'), $wpdb->last_error));
-            }
-            if ($result === false) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'WPDB Error occurred, but no error message was logged by wpdb! The wpdb method called was "%1$s" and the arguments were "%2$s"',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $wpdb_method,
-                        var_export($arguments_to_provide, true)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        } elseif ($result === false) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'A database error has occurred. Turn on WP_DEBUG for more information.||A database error occurred doing wpdb method "%1$s", with arguments "%2$s". The error was "%3$s"',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $wpdb_method,
-                    var_export($arguments_to_provide, true),
-                    $wpdb->last_error
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-        }
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Attempts to run the indicated WPDB method with the provided arguments,
-     * and if there's an error tries to verify the DB is correct. Uses
-     * the static property EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level to determine whether
-     * we should try to fix the EE core db, the addons, or just give up
-     *
-     * @param string $wpdb_method
-     * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    private function _process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
-    {
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        $wpdb->last_error = null;
-        $result           = call_user_func_array([$wpdb, $wpdb_method], $arguments_to_provide);
-        // was there an error running the query? but we don't care on new activations
-        // (we're going to setup the DB anyway on new activations)
-        if (
-            ($result === false || ! empty($wpdb->last_error))
-            && EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() !== EE_System::req_type_new_activation
-        ) {
-            switch (EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level) {
-                case EEM_Base::db_verified_none:
-                    // let's double-check core's DB
-                    $error_message = $this->_verify_core_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
-                    break;
-                case EEM_Base::db_verified_core:
-                    // STILL NO LOVE?? verify all the addons too. Maybe they need to be fixed
-                    $error_message = $this->_verify_addons_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
-                    break;
-                case EEM_Base::db_verified_addons:
-                    // ummmm... you in trouble
-                    return $result;
-                    break;
-            }
-            if (! empty($error_message)) {
-                EE_Log::instance()->log(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, $error_message, 'error');
-                trigger_error($error_message);
-            }
-            return $this->_process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
-        }
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies the EE core database is up-to-date and records that we've done it on
-     * EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level
-     *
-     * @param string $wpdb_method
-     * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _verify_core_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
-    {
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        // ok remember that we've already attempted fixing the core db, in case the problem persists
-        EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_core;
-        $error_message                    = sprintf(
-            esc_html__(
-                'WPDB Error "%1$s" while running wpdb method "%2$s" with arguments %3$s. Automatically attempting to fix EE Core DB',
-                'event_espresso'
-            ),
-            $wpdb->last_error,
-            $wpdb_method,
-            wp_json_encode($arguments_to_provide)
-        );
-        EE_System::instance()->initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required(false, true);
-        return $error_message;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies the EE addons' database is up-to-date and records that we've done it on
-     * EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level
-     *
-     * @param $wpdb_method
-     * @param $arguments_to_provide
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _verify_addons_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
-    {
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        // ok remember that we've already attempted fixing the addons dbs, in case the problem persists
-        EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_addons;
-        $error_message                    = sprintf(
-            esc_html__(
-                'WPDB AGAIN: Error "%1$s" while running the same method and arguments as before. Automatically attempting to fix EE Addons DB',
-                'event_espresso'
-            ),
-            $wpdb->last_error,
-            $wpdb_method,
-            wp_json_encode($arguments_to_provide)
-        );
-        EE_System::instance()->initialize_addons();
-        return $error_message;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * In order to avoid repeating this code for the get_all, sum, and count functions, put the code parts
-     * that are identical in here. Returns a string of SQL of everything in a SELECT query except the beginning
-     * SELECT clause, eg " FROM wp_posts AS Event INNER JOIN ... WHERE ... ORDER BY ... LIMIT ... GROUP BY ... HAVING
-     * ..."
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info)
-    {
-        return " FROM " . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_where_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_group_by_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_having_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_order_by_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_limit_sql();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set to easily debug the next X queries ran from this model.
-     *
-     * @param int $count
-     */
-    public function show_next_x_db_queries($count = 1)
-    {
-        $this->_show_next_x_db_queries = $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $sql_query
-     */
-    public function show_db_query_if_previously_requested($sql_query)
-    {
-        if ($this->_show_next_x_db_queries > 0) {
-            echo esc_html($sql_query);
-            $this->_show_next_x_db_queries--;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a relationship of the correct type between $modelObject and $otherModelObject.
-     * There are the 3 cases:
-     * 'belongsTo' relationship: sets $id_or_obj's foreign_key to be $other_model_id_or_obj's primary_key. If
-     * $otherModelObject has no ID, it is first saved.
-     * 'hasMany' relationship: sets $other_model_id_or_obj's foreign_key to be $id_or_obj's primary_key. If $id_or_obj
-     * has no ID, it is first saved.
-     * 'hasAndBelongsToMany' relationships: checks that there isn't already an entry in the join table, and adds one.
-     * If one of the model Objects has not yet been saved to the database, it is saved before adding the entry in the
-     * join table
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class                     /int $thisModelObject
-     * @param EE_Base_Class                     /int $id_or_obj EE_base_Class or ID of other Model Object
-     * @param string $relationName                     , key in EEM_Base::_relations
-     *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
-     *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
-     *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
-     * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values This allows you to enter further query params for the relation
-     *                                                 to for relation to methods that allow you to further specify
-     *                                                 extra columns to join by (such as HABTM).  Keep in mind that the
-     *                                                 only acceptable query_params is strict "col" => "value" pairs
-     *                                                 because these will be inserted in any new rows created as well.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class which was added as a relation. Object referred to by $other_model_id_or_obj
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function add_relationship_to(
-        $id_or_obj,
-        $other_model_id_or_obj,
-        $relationName,
-        $extra_join_model_fields_n_values = []
-    ) {
-        $relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
-        return $relation_obj->add_relation_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $extra_join_model_fields_n_values);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a relationship of the correct type between $modelObject and $otherModelObject.
-     * There are the 3 cases:
-     * 'belongsTo' relationship: sets $modelObject's foreign_key to null, if that field is nullable.Otherwise throws an
-     * error
-     * 'hasMany' relationship: sets $otherModelObject's foreign_key to null,if that field is nullable.Otherwise throws
-     * an error
-     * 'hasAndBelongsToMany' relationships:removes any existing entry in the join table between the two models.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class /int $id_or_obj
-     * @param EE_Base_Class /int $other_model_id_or_obj EE_Base_Class or ID of other Model Object
-     * @param string $relationName key in EEM_Base::_relations
-     * @param array  $where_query  This allows you to enter further query params for the relation to for relation to
-     *                             methods that allow you to further specify extra columns to join by (such as HABTM).
-     *                             Keep in mind that the only acceptable query_params is strict "col" => "value" pairs
-     *                             because these will be inserted in any new rows created as well.
-     * @return boolean of success
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function remove_relationship_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query = [])
-    {
-        $relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
-        return $relation_obj->remove_relation_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $where_query);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param mixed  $id_or_obj
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query_params
-     * @param EE_Base_Class[] objects to which relations were removed
-     * @return \EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function remove_relations($id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query_params = [])
-    {
-        $relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
-        return $relation_obj->remove_relations($id_or_obj, $where_query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the related items of the specified $model_name, using $query_params.
-     * Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
-     * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $id_or_obj    EE_Base_Class child or its ID
-     * @param string $model_name   like 'Event', 'Registration', etc. always singular
-     * @param array  $query_params @see
-     *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_all_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = null)
-    {
-        $model_obj         = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
-        $relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
-        return $relation_settings->get_all_related($model_obj, $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes all the model objects across the relation indicated by $model_name
-     * which are related to $id_or_obj which meet the criteria set in $query_params.
-     * However, if the model objects can't be deleted because of blocking related model objects, then
-     * they aren't deleted. (Unless the thing that would have been deleted can be soft-deleted, that still happens).
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $id_or_obj
-     * @param string                   $model_name
-     * @param array                    $query_params
-     * @return int how many deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = [])
-    {
-        $model_obj         = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
-        $relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
-        return $relation_settings->delete_all_related($model_obj, $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Hard deletes all the model objects across the relation indicated by $model_name
-     * which are related to $id_or_obj which meet the criteria set in $query_params. If
-     * the model objects can't be hard deleted because of blocking related model objects,
-     * just does a soft-delete on them instead.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $id_or_obj
-     * @param string                   $model_name
-     * @param array                    $query_params
-     * @return int how many deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related_permanently($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = [])
-    {
-        $model_obj         = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
-        $relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
-        return $relation_settings->delete_related_permanently($model_obj, $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
-     * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param int             /EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj
-     * @param string $model_name     like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params   @see
-     *                               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
-     * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
-     *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function count_related(
-        $id_or_obj,
-        $model_name,
-        $query_params = [],
-        $field_to_count = null,
-        $distinct = false
-    ) {
-        $related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
-        // we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
-        // except add a condition to say to match the current mod
-        if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
-            $query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
-        }
-        $this_model_name                                                 = $this->get_this_model_name();
-        $this_pk_field_name                                              = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-        $query_params[0][ $this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name ] = $id_or_obj;
-        return $related_model->count($query_params, $field_to_count, $distinct);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
-     * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param int           /EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj
-     * @param string $model_name   like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params @see
-     *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_sum name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params, $field_to_sum = null)
-    {
-        $related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-                'EEM_Base::sum_related',
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    gettype($query_params)
-                ),
-                '4.6.0'
-            );
-            $query_params = [];
-        }
-        // we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
-        // except add a condition to say to match the current mod
-        if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
-            $query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
-        }
-        $this_model_name                                                 = $this->get_this_model_name();
-        $this_pk_field_name                                              = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-        $query_params[0][ $this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name ] = $id_or_obj;
-        return $related_model->sum($query_params, $field_to_sum);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Uses $this->_relatedModels info to find the first related model object of relation $relationName to the given
-     * $modelObject
-     *
-     * @param int | EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj        EE_Base_Class child or its ID
-     * @param string              $other_model_name , key in $this->_relatedModels, eg 'Registration', or 'Events'
-     * @param array               $query_params     @see
-     *                                              https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_first_related(EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj, $other_model_name, $query_params)
-    {
-        $query_params['limit'] = 1;
-        $results               = $this->get_all_related($id_or_obj, $other_model_name, $query_params);
-        if ($results) {
-            return array_shift($results);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model's name as it's expected in queries. For example, if this is EEM_Event model, that would be Event
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_this_model_name()
-    {
-        return str_replace("EEM_", "", get_class($this));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model field on this model which is of type EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field
-     *
-     * @return EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_field_containing_related_model_name()
-    {
-        foreach ($this->field_settings(true) as $field) {
-            if ($field instanceof EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field) {
-                $field_with_model_name = $field;
-            }
-        }
-        if (! isset($field_with_model_name) || ! $field_with_model_name) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__("There is no EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name field on model %s", "event_espresso"),
-                    $this->get_this_model_name()
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $field_with_model_name;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Inserts a new entry into the database, for each table.
-     * Note: does not add the item to the entity map because that is done by EE_Base_Class::save() right after this.
-     * If client code uses EEM_Base::insert() directly, then although the item isn't in the entity map,
-     * we also know there is no model object with the newly inserted item's ID at the moment (because
-     * if there were, then they would already be in the DB and this would fail); and in the future if someone
-     * creates a model object with this ID (or grabs it from the DB) then it will be added to the
-     * entity map at that time anyways. SO, no need for EEM_Base::insert ot add to the entity map
-     *
-     * @param array $field_n_values keys are field names, values are their values (in the client code's domain if
-     *                              $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is false, in the model object's domain if
-     *                              $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is true. See comment about this at the top
-     *                              of EEM_Base)
-     * @return int|string new primary key on main table that got inserted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function insert($field_n_values)
-    {
-        /**
-         * Filters the fields and their values before inserting an item using the models
-         *
-         * @param array    $fields_n_values keys are the fields and values are their new values
-         * @param EEM_Base $model           the model used
-         */
-        $field_n_values = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__insert__fields_n_values', $field_n_values, $this);
-        if ($this->_satisfies_unique_indexes($field_n_values)) {
-            $main_table = $this->_get_main_table();
-            $new_id     = $this->_insert_into_specific_table($main_table, $field_n_values, false);
-            if ($new_id !== false) {
-                foreach ($this->_get_other_tables() as $other_table) {
-                    $this->_insert_into_specific_table($other_table, $field_n_values, $new_id);
-                }
-            }
-            /**
-             * Done just after attempting to insert a new model object
-             *
-             * @param EEM_Base $model           used
-             * @param array    $fields_n_values fields and their values
-             * @param int|string the              ID of the newly-inserted model object
-             */
-            do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__insert__end', $this, $field_n_values, $new_id);
-            return $new_id;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks that the result would satisfy the unique indexes on this model
-     *
-     * @param array  $field_n_values
-     * @param string $action
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _satisfies_unique_indexes($field_n_values, $action = 'insert')
-    {
-        foreach ($this->unique_indexes() as $index_name => $index) {
-            $uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($field_n_values, $index->fields());
-            if ($this->exists([$uniqueness_where_params])) {
-                EE_Error::add_error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "Could not %s %s. %s uniqueness index failed. Fields %s must form a unique set, but an entry already exists with values %s.",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        $action,
-                        $this->_get_class_name(),
-                        $index_name,
-                        implode(",", $index->field_names()),
-                        http_build_query($uniqueness_where_params)
-                    ),
-                    __FILE__,
-                    __FUNCTION__,
-                    __LINE__
-                );
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks the database for an item that conflicts (ie, if this item were
-     * saved to the DB would break some uniqueness requirement, like a primary key
-     * or an index primary key set) with the item specified. $id_obj_or_fields_array
-     * can be either an EE_Base_Class or an array of fields n values
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|array $obj_or_fields_array
-     * @param boolean             $include_primary_key whether to use the model object's primary key
-     *                                                 when looking for conflicts
-     *                                                 (ie, if false, we ignore the model object's primary key
-     *                                                 when finding "conflicts". If true, it's also considered).
-     *                                                 Only works for INT primary key,
-     *                                                 STRING primary keys cannot be ignored
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_one_conflicting($obj_or_fields_array, $include_primary_key = true)
-    {
-        if ($obj_or_fields_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $fields_n_values = $obj_or_fields_array->model_field_array();
-        } elseif (is_array($obj_or_fields_array)) {
-            $fields_n_values = $obj_or_fields_array;
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "%s get_all_conflicting should be called with a model object or an array of field names and values, you provided %d",
-                        "event_espresso"
-                    ),
-                    get_class($this),
-                    $obj_or_fields_array
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $query_params = [];
-        if (
-            $this->has_primary_key_field()
-            && ($include_primary_key
-                || $this->get_primary_key_field()
-                   instanceof
-                   EE_Primary_Key_String_Field)
-            && isset($fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ])
-        ) {
-            $query_params[0]['OR'][ $this->primary_key_name() ] = $fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ];
-        }
-        foreach ($this->unique_indexes() as $unique_index_name => $unique_index) {
-            $uniqueness_where_params                              =
-                array_intersect_key($fields_n_values, $unique_index->fields());
-            $query_params[0]['OR'][ 'AND*' . $unique_index_name ] = $uniqueness_where_params;
-        }
-        // if there is nothing to base this search on, then we shouldn't find anything
-        if (empty($query_params)) {
-            return [];
-        }
-        return $this->get_one($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Like count, but is optimized and returns a boolean instead of an int
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function exists($query_params)
-    {
-        $query_params['limit'] = 1;
-        return $this->count($query_params) > 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for exists, except ignores default query parameters so we're only considering ID
-     *
-     * @param int|string $id
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function exists_by_ID($id)
-    {
-        return $this->exists(
-            [
-                'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none,
-                [
-                    $this->primary_key_name() => $id,
-                ],
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Inserts a new row in $table, using the $cols_n_values which apply to that table.
-     * If a $new_id is supplied and if $table is an EE_Other_Table, we assume
-     * we need to add a foreign key column to point to $new_id (which should be the primary key's value
-     * on the main table)
-     * This is protected rather than private because private is not accessible to any child methods and there MAY be
-     * cases where we want to call it directly rather than via insert().
-     *
-     * @access   protected
-     * @param EE_Table_Base $table
-     * @param array         $fields_n_values each key should be in field's keys, and value should be an int, string or
-     *                                       float
-     * @param int           $new_id          for now we assume only int keys
-     * @return int ID of new row inserted, or FALSE on failure
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @global WPDB         $wpdb            only used to get the $wpdb->insert_id after performing an insert
-     */
-    protected function _insert_into_specific_table(EE_Table_Base $table, $fields_n_values, $new_id = 0)
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        $insertion_col_n_values = [];
-        $format_for_insertion   = [];
-        $fields_on_table        = $this->_get_fields_for_table($table->get_table_alias());
-        foreach ($fields_on_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            // check if its an auto-incrementing column, in which case we should just leave it to do its autoincrement thing
-            if ($field_obj->is_auto_increment()) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            $prepared_value = $this->_prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values);
-            // if the value we want to assign it to is NULL, just don't mention it for the insertion
-            if ($prepared_value !== null) {
-                $insertion_col_n_values[ $field_obj->get_table_column() ] = $prepared_value;
-                $format_for_insertion[]                                   = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
-            }
-        }
-        if ($table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table && $new_id) {
-            // its not the main table, so we should have already saved the main table's PK which we just inserted
-            // so add the fk to the main table as a column
-            $insertion_col_n_values[ $table->get_fk_on_table() ] = $new_id;
-            $format_for_insertion[]                              =
-                '%d';// yes right now we're only allowing these foreign keys to be INTs
-        }
-
-        // insert the new entry
-        $result = $this->_do_wpdb_query(
-            'insert',
-            [$table->get_table_name(), $insertion_col_n_values, $format_for_insertion]
-        );
-        if ($result === false) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // ok, now what do we return for the ID of the newly-inserted thing?
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if ($this->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-                return $wpdb->insert_id;
-            }
-            // it's not an auto-increment primary key, so
-            // it must have been supplied
-            return $fields_n_values[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() ];
-        }
-        // we can't return a  primary key because there is none. instead return
-        // a unique string indicating this model
-        return $this->get_index_primary_key_string($fields_n_values);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Prepare the $field_obj 's value in $fields_n_values for use in the database.
-     * If the field doesn't allow NULL, try to use its default. (If it doesn't allow NULL,
-     * and there is no default, we pass it along. WPDB will take care of it)
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
-     * @param array               $fields_n_values
-     * @return mixed string|int|float depending on what the table column will be expecting
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values)
-    {
-        $field_name = $field_obj->get_name();
-        // if this field doesn't allow nullable, don't allow it
-        if (! $field_obj->is_nullable() && ! isset($fields_n_values[ $field_name ])) {
-            $fields_n_values[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-        }
-        $unprepared_value = $fields_n_values[ $field_name ] ?? null;
-        return $this->_prepare_value_for_use_in_db($unprepared_value, $field_obj);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Consolidates code for preparing  a value supplied to the model for use int eh db. Calls the field's
-     * prepare_for_use_in_db method on the value, and depending on $value_already_prepare_by_model_obj, may also call
-     * the field's prepare_for_set() method.
-     *
-     * @param mixed               $value value in the client code domain if $value_already_prepared_by_model_object is
-     *                                   false, otherwise a value in the model object's domain (see lengthy comment at
-     *                                   top of file)
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base $field field which will be doing the preparing of the value. If null, we assume
-     *                                   $value is a custom selection
-     * @return mixed a value ready for use in the database for insertions, updating, or in a where clause
-     */
-    private function _prepare_value_for_use_in_db($value, $field)
-    {
-        if ($field instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            // phpcs:disable PSR2.ControlStructures.SwitchDeclaration.TerminatingComment
-            switch ($this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object) {
-                /** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
-                case self::not_prepared_by_model_object:
-                    $value = $field->prepare_for_set($value);
-                // purposefully left out "return"
-                // no break
-                case self::prepared_by_model_object:
-                    /** @noinspection SuspiciousAssignmentsInspection */
-                    $value = $field->prepare_for_use_in_db($value);
-                // no break
-                case self::prepared_for_use_in_db:
-                    // leave the value alone
-            }
-            // phpcs:enable
-        }
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the main table on this model
-     *
-     * @return EE_Primary_Table
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_main_table()
-    {
-        foreach ($this->_tables as $table) {
-            if ($table instanceof EE_Primary_Table) {
-                return $table;
-            }
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'There are no main tables on %s. They should be added to _tables array in the constructor',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                get_class($this)
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * table
-     * returns EE_Primary_Table table name
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function table()
-    {
-        return $this->_get_main_table()->get_table_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * table
-     * returns first EE_Secondary_Table table name
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function second_table()
-    {
-        // grab second table from tables array
-        $second_table = end($this->_tables);
-        return $second_table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table ? $second_table->get_table_name() : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get_table_obj_by_alias
-     * returns table name given it's alias
-     *
-     * @param string $table_alias
-     * @return EE_Primary_Table | EE_Secondary_Table
-     */
-    public function get_table_obj_by_alias($table_alias = '')
-    {
-        return isset($this->_tables[ $table_alias ]) ? $this->_tables[ $table_alias ] : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the tables of type EE_Other_Table from EEM_CPT_Basel_Model::_tables
-     *
-     * @return EE_Secondary_Table[]
-     */
-    protected function _get_other_tables()
-    {
-        $other_tables = [];
-        foreach ($this->_tables as $table_alias => $table) {
-            if ($table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
-                $other_tables[ $table_alias ] = $table;
-            }
-        }
-        return $other_tables;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Finds all the fields that correspond to the given table
-     *
-     * @param string $table_alias , array key in EEM_Base::_tables
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[]
-     */
-    public function _get_fields_for_table($table_alias)
-    {
-        return $this->_fields[ $table_alias ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Recurses through all the where parameters, and finds all the related models we'll need
-     * to complete this query. Eg, given where parameters like array('EVT_ID'=>3) from within Event model, we won't
-     * need any related models. But if the array were array('Registrations.REG_ID'=>3), we'd need the related
-     * Registration model. If it were array('Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_ID'=>3), then we'd need the
-     * related Registration, Transaction, and Payment models.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _extract_related_models_from_query($query_params)
-    {
-        $query_info_carrier = new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier();
-        if (array_key_exists(0, $query_params)) {
-            $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys($query_params[0], $query_info_carrier, 0);
-        }
-        if (array_key_exists('group_by', $query_params)) {
-            if (is_array($query_params['group_by'])) {
-                $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
-                    $query_params['group_by'],
-                    $query_info_carrier,
-                    'group_by'
-                );
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['group_by'])) {
-                $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-                    $query_params['group_by'],
-                    $query_info_carrier,
-                    'group_by'
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        if (array_key_exists('having', $query_params)) {
-            $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
-                $query_params[0],
-                $query_info_carrier,
-                'having'
-            );
-        }
-        if (array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)) {
-            if (is_array($query_params['order_by'])) {
-                $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
-                    $query_params['order_by'],
-                    $query_info_carrier,
-                    'order_by'
-                );
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
-                $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-                    $query_params['order_by'],
-                    $query_info_carrier,
-                    'order_by'
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        if (array_key_exists('force_join', $query_params)) {
-            $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
-                $query_params['force_join'],
-                $query_info_carrier,
-                'force_join'
-            );
-        }
-        $this->extractRelatedModelsFromCustomSelects($query_info_carrier);
-        return $query_info_carrier;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For extracting related models from WHERE (0), HAVING (having), ORDER BY (order_by) or forced joins (force_join)
-     *
-     * @param array                       $sub_query_params @see
-     *                                                      https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#-0-where-conditions
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier
-     * @param string                      $query_param_type one of $this->_allowed_query_params
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return \EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
-     */
-    private function _extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
-        $sub_query_params,
-        EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
-        $query_param_type
-    ) {
-        if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
-            $sub_query_params = (array) $sub_query_params;
-            foreach ($sub_query_params as $param => $possibly_array_of_params) {
-                // $param could be simply 'EVT_ID', or it could be 'Registrations.REG_ID', or even 'Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_amount'
-                $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-                    $param,
-                    $model_query_info_carrier,
-                    $query_param_type
-                );
-                // if $possibly_array_of_params is an array, try recursing into it, searching for keys which
-                // indicate needed joins. Eg, array('NOT'=>array('Registration.TXN_ID'=>23)). In this case, we tried
-                // extracting models out of the 'NOT', which obviously wasn't successful, and then we recurse into the value
-                // of array('Registration.TXN_ID'=>23)
-                $query_param_sans_stars =
-                    $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($param);
-                if (in_array($query_param_sans_stars, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
-                    if (! is_array($possibly_array_of_params)) {
-                        throw new EE_Error(
-                            sprintf(
-                                esc_html__(
-                                    "You used a special where query param %s, but the value isn't an array of where query params, it's just %s'. It should be an array, eg array('EVT_ID'=>23,'OR'=>array('Venue.VNU_ID'=>32,'Venue.VNU_name'=>'monkey_land'))",
-                                    "event_espresso"
-                                ),
-                                $param,
-                                $possibly_array_of_params
-                            )
-                        );
-                    }
-                    $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
-                        $possibly_array_of_params,
-                        $model_query_info_carrier,
-                        $query_param_type
-                    );
-                } elseif (
-                    $query_param_type === 0 // ie WHERE
-                    && is_array($possibly_array_of_params)
-                    && isset($possibly_array_of_params[2])
-                    && $possibly_array_of_params[2] == true
-                ) {
-                    // then $possible_array_of_params looks something like array('<','DTT_sold',true)
-                    // indicating that $possible_array_of_params[1] is actually a field name,
-                    // from which we should extract query parameters!
-                    if (! isset($possibly_array_of_params[0], $possibly_array_of_params[1])) {
-                        throw new EE_Error(
-                            sprintf(
-                                esc_html__(
-                                    "Improperly formed query parameter %s. It should be numerically indexed like array('<','DTT_sold',true); but you provided %s",
-                                    "event_espresso"
-                                ),
-                                $query_param_type,
-                                implode(",", $possibly_array_of_params)
-                            )
-                        );
-                    }
-                    $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-                        $possibly_array_of_params[1],
-                        $model_query_info_carrier,
-                        $query_param_type
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $model_query_info_carrier;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For extracting related models from forced_joins, where the array values contain the info about what
-     * models to join with. Eg an array like array('Attendee','Price.Price_Type');
-     *
-     * @param array                       $sub_query_params @see
-     *                                                      https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier
-     * @param string                      $query_param_type one of $this->_allowed_query_params
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return \EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
-     */
-    private function _extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
-        $sub_query_params,
-        EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
-        $query_param_type
-    ) {
-        if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
-            if (! is_array($sub_query_params)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__("Query parameter %s should be an array, but it isn't.", "event_espresso"),
-                        $sub_query_params
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            foreach ($sub_query_params as $param) {
-                // $param could be simply 'EVT_ID', or it could be 'Registrations.REG_ID', or even 'Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_amount'
-                $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-                    $param,
-                    $model_query_info_carrier,
-                    $query_param_type
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $model_query_info_carrier;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Extract all the query parts from  model query params
-     * and put into a EEM_Related_Model_Info_Carrier for easy extraction into a query. We create this object
-     * instead of directly constructing the SQL because often we need to extract info from the $query_params
-     * but use them in a different order. Eg, we need to know what models we are querying
-     * before we know what joins to perform. However, we need to know what data types correspond to which fields on
-     * other models before we can finalize the where clause SQL.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
-     * @throws ModelConfigurationException
-     */
-    public function _create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params)
-    {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-                'EEM_Base::_create_model_query_info_carrier',
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        '$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    gettype($query_params)
-                ),
-                '4.6.0'
-            );
-            $query_params = [];
-        }
-        $query_params[0] = isset($query_params[0]) ? $query_params[0] : [];
-        // first check if we should alter the query to account for caps or not
-        // because the caps might require us to do extra joins
-        if (isset($query_params['caps']) && $query_params['caps'] !== 'none') {
-            $query_params[0] = array_replace_recursive(
-                $query_params[0],
-                $this->caps_where_conditions($query_params['caps'])
-            );
-        }
-
-        // check if we should alter the query to remove data related to protected
-        // custom post types
-        if (isset($query_params['exclude_protected']) && $query_params['exclude_protected'] === true) {
-            $where_param_key_for_password = $this->modelChainAndPassword();
-            // only include if related to a cpt where no password has been set
-            $query_params[0]['OR*nopassword'] = [
-                $where_param_key_for_password       => '',
-                $where_param_key_for_password . '*' => ['IS_NULL'],
-            ];
-        }
-        $query_object = $this->_extract_related_models_from_query($query_params);
-        // verify where_query_params has NO numeric indexes.... that's simply not how you use it!
-        foreach ($query_params[0] as $key => $value) {
-            if (is_int($key)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "WHERE query params must NOT be numerically-indexed. You provided the array key '%s' for value '%s' while querying model %s. All the query params provided were '%s' Please read documentation on EEM_Base::get_all.",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        $key,
-                        var_export($value, true),
-                        var_export($query_params, true),
-                        get_class($this)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        if (
-            array_key_exists('default_where_conditions', $query_params)
-            && ! empty($query_params['default_where_conditions'])
-        ) {
-            $use_default_where_conditions = $query_params['default_where_conditions'];
-        } else {
-            $use_default_where_conditions = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all;
-        }
-        $query_params[0] = array_merge(
-            $this->_get_default_where_conditions_for_models_in_query(
-                $query_object,
-                $use_default_where_conditions,
-                $query_params[0]
-            ),
-            $query_params[0]
-        );
-        $query_object->set_where_sql($this->_construct_where_clause($query_params[0]));
-        // if this is a "on_join_limit" then we are limiting on on a specific table in a multi_table join.
-        // So we need to setup a subquery and use that for the main join.
-        // Note for now this only works on the primary table for the model.
-        // So for instance, you could set the limit array like this:
-        // array( 'on_join_limit' => array('Primary_Table_Alias', array(1,10) ) )
-        if (array_key_exists('on_join_limit', $query_params) && ! empty($query_params['on_join_limit'])) {
-            $query_object->set_main_model_join_sql(
-                $this->_construct_limit_join_select(
-                    $query_params['on_join_limit'][0],
-                    $query_params['on_join_limit'][1]
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // set limit
-        if (array_key_exists('limit', $query_params)) {
-            if (is_array($query_params['limit'])) {
-                if (! isset($query_params['limit'][0], $query_params['limit'][1])) {
-                    $e = sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "Invalid DB query. You passed '%s' for the LIMIT, but only the following are valid: an integer, string representing an integer, a string like 'int,int', or an array like array(int,int)",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        http_build_query($query_params['limit'])
-                    );
-                    throw new EE_Error($e . "|" . $e);
-                }
-                // they passed us an array for the limit. Assume it's like array(50,25), meaning offset by 50, and get 25
-                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit'][0] . "," . $query_params['limit'][1]);
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['limit'])) {
-                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit']);
-            }
-        }
-        // set order by
-        if (array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)) {
-            if (is_array($query_params['order_by'])) {
-                // if they're using 'order_by' as an array, they can't use 'order' (because 'order_by' must
-                // specify whether to ascend or descend on each field. Eg 'order_by'=>array('EVT_ID'=>'ASC'). So
-                // including 'order' wouldn't make any sense if 'order_by' has already specified which way to order!
-                if (array_key_exists('order', $query_params)) {
-                    throw new EE_Error(
-                        sprintf(
-                            esc_html__(
-                                "In querying %s, we are using query parameter 'order_by' as an array (keys:%s,values:%s), and so we can't use query parameter 'order' (value %s). You should just use the 'order_by' parameter ",
-                                "event_espresso"
-                            ),
-                            get_class($this),
-                            implode(", ", array_keys($query_params['order_by'])),
-                            implode(", ", $query_params['order_by']),
-                            $query_params['order']
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
-                    $query_params['order_by'],
-                    $query_object,
-                    'order_by'
-                );
-                // assume it's an array of fields to order by
-                $order_array = [];
-                foreach ($query_params['order_by'] as $field_name_to_order_by => $order) {
-                    $order         = $this->_extract_order($order);
-                    $order_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_order_by) . SP . $order;
-                }
-                $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . implode(",", $order_array));
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
-                $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-                    $query_params['order_by'],
-                    $query_object,
-                    'order',
-                    $query_params['order_by']
-                );
-                $order = isset($query_params['order'])
-                    ? $this->_extract_order($query_params['order'])
-                    : 'DESC';
-                $query_object->set_order_by_sql(
-                    " ORDER BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['order_by']) . SP . $order
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        // if 'order_by' wasn't set, maybe they are just using 'order' on its own?
-        if (
-            ! array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)
-            && array_key_exists('order', $query_params)
-            && ! empty($query_params['order'])
-        ) {
-            $pk_field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
-            $order    = $this->_extract_order($query_params['order']);
-            $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . $pk_field->get_qualified_column() . SP . $order);
-        }
-        // set group by
-        if (array_key_exists('group_by', $query_params)) {
-            if (is_array($query_params['group_by'])) {
-                // it's an array, so assume we'll be grouping by a bunch of stuff
-                $group_by_array = [];
-                foreach ($query_params['group_by'] as $field_name_to_group_by) {
-                    $group_by_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_group_by);
-                }
-                $query_object->set_group_by_sql(" GROUP BY " . implode(", ", $group_by_array));
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['group_by'])) {
-                $query_object->set_group_by_sql(
-                    " GROUP BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['group_by'])
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        // set having
-        if (array_key_exists('having', $query_params) && $query_params['having']) {
-            $query_object->set_having_sql($this->_construct_having_clause($query_params['having']));
-        }
-        // now, just verify they didn't pass anything wack
-        foreach ($query_params as $query_key => $query_value) {
-            if (! in_array($query_key, $this->_allowed_query_params, true)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "You passed %s as a query parameter to %s, which is illegal! The allowed query parameters are %s",
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $query_key,
-                        get_class($this),
-                        //                      print_r( $this->_allowed_query_params, TRUE )
-                        implode(',', $this->_allowed_query_params)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        $main_model_join_sql = $query_object->get_main_model_join_sql();
-        if (empty($main_model_join_sql)) {
-            $query_object->set_main_model_join_sql($this->_construct_internal_join());
-        }
-        return $query_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the where conditions that should be imposed on the query based on the
-     * context (eg reading frontend, backend, edit or delete).
-     *
-     * @param string $context one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts()
-     * @return array @see
-     *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function caps_where_conditions($context = self::caps_read)
-    {
-        EEM_Base::verify_is_valid_cap_context($context);
-        $cap_where_conditions = [];
-        $cap_restrictions     = $this->caps_missing($context);
-        /**
-         * @var $cap_restrictions EE_Default_Where_Conditions[]
-         */
-        foreach ($cap_restrictions as $cap => $restriction_if_no_cap) {
-            $cap_where_conditions = array_replace_recursive(
-                $cap_where_conditions,
-                $restriction_if_no_cap->get_default_where_conditions()
-            );
-        }
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EEM_Base__caps_where_conditions__return',
-            $cap_where_conditions,
-            $this,
-            $context,
-            $cap_restrictions
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies that $should_be_order_string is in $this->_allowed_order_values,
-     * otherwise throws an exception
-     *
-     * @param string $should_be_order_string
-     * @return string either ASC, asc, DESC or desc
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _extract_order($should_be_order_string)
-    {
-        if (in_array($should_be_order_string, $this->_allowed_order_values)) {
-            return $should_be_order_string;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    "While performing a query on '%s', tried to use '%s' as an order parameter. ",
-                    "event_espresso"
-                ),
-                get_class($this),
-                $should_be_order_string
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Looks at all the models which are included in this query, and asks each
-     * for their universal_where_params, and returns them in the same format as $query_params[0] (where),
-     * so they can be merged
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier
-     * @param string                      $use_default_where_conditions can be 'none','other_models_only', or 'all'.
-     *                                                                  'none' means NO default where conditions will
-     *                                                                  be used AT ALL during this query.
-     *                                                                  'other_models_only' means default where
-     *                                                                  conditions from other models will be used, but
-     *                                                                  not for this primary model. 'all', the default,
-     *                                                                  means default where conditions will apply as
-     *                                                                  normal
-     * @param array                       $where_query_params           @see
-     *                                                                  https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @return array @see
-     *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _get_default_where_conditions_for_models_in_query(
-        EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier,
-        $use_default_where_conditions = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
-        $where_query_params = []
-    ) {
-        $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values = EEM_Base::valid_default_where_conditions();
-        if (! in_array($use_default_where_conditions, $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "You passed an invalid value to the query parameter 'default_where_conditions' of '%s'. Allowed values are %s",
-                        "event_espresso"
-                    ),
-                    $use_default_where_conditions,
-                    implode(", ", $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $universal_query_params = [];
-        if ($this->_should_use_default_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
-            $universal_query_params = $this->_get_default_where_conditions();
-        } elseif ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
-            $universal_query_params = $this->_get_minimum_where_conditions();
-        }
-        foreach ($query_info_carrier->get_model_names_included() as $model_relation_path => $model_name) {
-            $related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
-            if ($this->_should_use_default_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
-                $related_model_universal_where_params =
-                    $related_model->_get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
-            } elseif ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
-                $related_model_universal_where_params =
-                    $related_model->_get_minimum_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
-            } else {
-                // we don't want to add full or even minimum default where conditions from this model, so just continue
-                continue;
-            }
-            $overrides              = $this->_override_defaults_or_make_null_friendly(
-                $related_model_universal_where_params,
-                $where_query_params,
-                $related_model,
-                $model_relation_path
-            );
-            $universal_query_params = EEH_Array::merge_arrays_and_overwrite_keys(
-                $universal_query_params,
-                $overrides
-            );
-        }
-        return $universal_query_params;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Determines whether or not we should use default where conditions for the model in question
-     * (this model, or other related models).
-     * Basically, we should use default where conditions on this model if they have requested to use them on all models,
-     * this model only, or to use minimum where conditions on all other models and normal where conditions on this one.
-     * We should use default where conditions on related models when they requested to use default where conditions
-     * on all models, or specifically just on other related models
-     *
-     * @param      $default_where_conditions_value
-     * @param bool $for_this_model false means this is for OTHER related models
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    private function _should_use_default_where_conditions($default_where_conditions_value, $for_this_model = true)
-    {
-        return (
-                   $for_this_model
-                   && in_array(
-                       $default_where_conditions_value,
-                       [
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_this_only,
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
-                       ],
-                       true
-                   )
-               )
-               || (
-                   ! $for_this_model
-                   && in_array(
-                       $default_where_conditions_value,
-                       [
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
-                       ],
-                       true
-                   )
-               );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Determines whether or not we should use default minimum conditions for the model in question
-     * (this model, or other related models).
-     * Basically, we should use minimum where conditions on this model only if they requested all models to use minimum
-     * where conditions.
-     * We should use minimum where conditions on related models if they requested to use minimum where conditions
-     * on this model or others
-     *
-     * @param      $default_where_conditions_value
-     * @param bool $for_this_model false means this is for OTHER related models
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    private function _should_use_minimum_where_conditions($default_where_conditions_value, $for_this_model = true)
-    {
-        return (
-                   $for_this_model
-                   && $default_where_conditions_value === EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all
-               )
-               || (
-                   ! $for_this_model
-                   && in_array(
-                       $default_where_conditions_value,
-                       [
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all,
-                       ],
-                       true
-                   )
-               );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if any of the defaults have been overridden. If there are any that AREN'T overridden,
-     * then we also add a special where condition which allows for that model's primary key
-     * to be null (which is important for JOINs. Eg, if you want to see all Events ordered by Venue's name,
-     * then Event's with NO Venue won't appear unless you allow VNU_ID to be NULL)
-     *
-     * @param array    $default_where_conditions
-     * @param array    $provided_where_conditions
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param string   $model_relation_path like 'Transaction.Payment.'
-     * @return array @see
-     *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _override_defaults_or_make_null_friendly(
-        $default_where_conditions,
-        $provided_where_conditions,
-        $model,
-        $model_relation_path
-    ) {
-        $null_friendly_where_conditions = [];
-        $none_overridden                = true;
-        $or_condition_key_for_defaults  = 'OR*' . get_class($model);
-        foreach ($default_where_conditions as $key => $val) {
-            if (isset($provided_where_conditions[ $key ])) {
-                $none_overridden = false;
-            } else {
-                $null_friendly_where_conditions[ $or_condition_key_for_defaults ]['AND'][ $key ] = $val;
-            }
-        }
-        if ($none_overridden && $default_where_conditions) {
-            if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                $null_friendly_where_conditions[ $or_condition_key_for_defaults ][ $model_relation_path
-                                                                                   . "."
-                                                                                   . $model->primary_key_name() ] =
-                    ['IS NULL'];
-            }/*else{
+		// note: doesn't use _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query() because doesn't accept LIMIT, ORDER BY, etc.
+		$rows_affected    = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', [$SQL]);
+		/**
+		 * Action called after a model update call has been made.
+		 *
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model
+		 * @param array    $fields_n_values the updated fields and their new values
+		 * @param array    $query_params    @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+		 * @param int      $rows_affected
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__update__end', $this, $fields_n_values, $query_params, $rows_affected);
+		return $rows_affected;// how many supposedly got updated
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Analogous to $wpdb->get_col, returns a 1-dimensional array where teh values
+	 * are teh values of the field specified (or by default the primary key field)
+	 * that matched the query params. Note that you should pass the name of the
+	 * model FIELD, not the database table's column name.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see
+	 *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_select
+	 * @return array just like $wpdb->get_col()
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_col($query_params = [], $field_to_select = null)
+	{
+		if ($field_to_select) {
+			$field = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_select);
+		} elseif ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
+		} else {
+			// no primary key, just grab the first column
+			$field_settings = $this->field_settings();
+			$field          = reset($field_settings);
+		}
+		$model_query_info   = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+		$select_expressions = $field->get_qualified_column();
+		$SQL                =
+			"SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+		return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_col', [$SQL]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a single column value for a single row from the database
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params    @see
+	 *                                https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_select @see EEM_Base::get_col()
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_var($query_params = [], $field_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$query_params['limit'] = 1;
+		$col                   = $this->get_col($query_params, $field_to_select);
+		if (! empty($col)) {
+			return reset($col);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Makes the SQL for after "UPDATE table_X inner join table_Y..." and before "...WHERE". Eg "Question.name='party
+	 * time?', Question.desc='what do you think?',..." Values are filtered through wpdb->prepare to avoid against SQL
+	 * injection, but currently no further filtering is done
+	 *
+	 * @param array $fields_n_values array keys are field names on this model, and values are what those fields should
+	 *                               be updated to in the DB
+	 * @return string of SQL
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @global      $wpdb
+	 */
+	public function _construct_update_sql($fields_n_values)
+	{
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		$cols_n_values = [];
+		foreach ($fields_n_values as $field_name => $value) {
+			$field_obj = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
+			// if the value is NULL, we want to assign the value to that.
+			// wpdb->prepare doesn't really handle that properly
+			$prepared_value  = $this->_prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values);
+			$value_sql       = $prepared_value === null ? 'NULL'
+				: $wpdb->prepare($field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type(), $prepared_value);
+			$cols_n_values[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column() . "=" . $value_sql;
+		}
+		return implode(",", $cols_n_values);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes a single row from the DB given the model object's primary key value. (eg, EE_Attendee->ID()'s value).
+	 * Performs a HARD delete, meaning the database row should always be removed,
+	 * not just have a flag field on it switched
+	 * Wrapper for EEM_Base::delete_permanently()
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed   $id
+	 * @param boolean $allow_blocking
+	 * @return int the number of rows deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_permanently_by_ID($id, $allow_blocking = true)
+	{
+		return $this->delete_permanently(
+			[
+				[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id],
+				'limit' => 1,
+			],
+			$allow_blocking
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes a single row from the DB given the model object's primary key value. (eg, EE_Attendee->ID()'s value).
+	 * Wrapper for EEM_Base::delete()
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed   $id
+	 * @param boolean $allow_blocking
+	 * @return int the number of rows deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_by_ID($id, $allow_blocking = true)
+	{
+		return $this->delete(
+			[
+				[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id],
+				'limit' => 1,
+			],
+			$allow_blocking
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Identical to delete_permanently, but does a "soft" delete if possible,
+	 * meaning if the model has a field that indicates its been "trashed" or
+	 * "soft deleted", we will just set that instead of actually deleting the rows.
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $query_params
+	 * @param boolean $allow_blocking
+	 * @return int how many rows got deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @see EEM_Base::delete_permanently
+	 */
+	public function delete($query_params, $allow_blocking = true)
+	{
+		return $this->delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes the model objects that meet the query params. Note: this method is overridden
+	 * in EEM_Soft_Delete_Base so that soft-deleted model objects are instead only flagged
+	 * as archived, not actually deleted
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $query_params   @see
+	 *                                https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param boolean $allow_blocking if TRUE, matched objects will only be deleted if there is no related model info
+	 *                                that blocks it (ie, there' sno other data that depends on this data); if false,
+	 *                                deletes regardless of other objects which may depend on it. Its generally
+	 *                                advisable to always leave this as TRUE, otherwise you could easily corrupt your
+	 *                                DB
+	 * @return int how many rows got deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking = true)
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Action called just before performing a real deletion query. You can use the
+		 * model and its $query_params to find exactly which items will be deleted
+		 *
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model
+		 * @param array    $query_params   @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+		 * @param boolean  $allow_blocking whether or not to allow related model objects
+		 *                                 to block (prevent) this deletion
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__begin', $this, $query_params, $allow_blocking);
+		// some MySQL databases may be running safe mode, which may restrict
+		// deletion if there is no KEY column used in the WHERE statement of a deletion.
+		// to get around this, we first do a SELECT, get all the IDs, and then run another query
+		// to delete them
+		$items_for_deletion           = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
+		$columns_and_ids_for_deleting = $this->_get_ids_for_delete($items_for_deletion, $allow_blocking);
+		$deletion_where_query_part    = $this->_build_query_part_for_deleting_from_columns_and_values(
+			$columns_and_ids_for_deleting
+		);
+		/**
+		 * Allows client code to act on the items being deleted before the query is actually executed.
+		 *
+		 * @param EEM_Base $this                            The model instance being acted on.
+		 * @param array    $query_params                    The incoming array of query parameters influencing what gets deleted.
+		 * @param bool     $allow_blocking                  @see param description in method phpdoc block.
+		 * @param array    $columns_and_ids_for_deleting    An array indicating what entities will get removed as
+		 *                                                  derived from the incoming query parameters.
+		 * @see details on the structure of this array in the phpdocs
+		 *                                                  for the `_get_ids_for_delete_method`
+		 *
+		 */
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__before_query',
+			$this,
+			$query_params,
+			$allow_blocking,
+			$columns_and_ids_for_deleting
+		);
+		if ($deletion_where_query_part) {
+			$model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+			$table_aliases    = array_keys($this->_tables);
+			$SQL              = "DELETE "
+								. implode(", ", $table_aliases)
+								. " FROM "
+								. $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql()
+								. " WHERE "
+								. $deletion_where_query_part;
+			$rows_deleted     = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', [$SQL]);
+		} else {
+			$rows_deleted = 0;
+		}
+
+		// Next, make sure those items are removed from the entity map; if they could be put into it at all; and if
+		// there was no error with the delete query.
+		if (
+			$this->has_primary_key_field()
+			&& $rows_deleted !== false
+			&& isset($columns_and_ids_for_deleting[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ])
+		) {
+			$ids_for_removal = $columns_and_ids_for_deleting[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ];
+			foreach ($ids_for_removal as $id) {
+				if (isset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ])) {
+					unset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ]);
+				}
+			}
+
+			// delete any extra meta attached to the deleted entities but ONLY if this model is not an instance of
+			// `EEM_Extra_Meta`.  In other words we want to prevent recursion on EEM_Extra_Meta::delete_permanently calls
+			// unnecessarily.  It's very unlikely that users will have assigned Extra Meta to Extra Meta
+			// (although it is possible).
+			// Note this can be skipped by using the provided filter and returning false.
+			if (
+				apply_filters(
+					'FHEE__EEM_Base__delete_permanently__dont_delete_extra_meta_for_extra_meta',
+					! $this instanceof EEM_Extra_Meta,
+					$this
+				)
+			) {
+				EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete_permanently([
+																   0 => [
+																	   'EXM_type' => $this->get_this_model_name(),
+																	   'OBJ_ID'   => [
+																		   'IN',
+																		   $ids_for_removal,
+																	   ],
+																   ],
+															   ]);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Action called just after performing a real deletion query. Although at this point the
+		 * items should have been deleted
+		 *
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model
+		 * @param array    $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+		 * @param int      $rows_deleted
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__end', $this, $query_params, $rows_deleted, $columns_and_ids_for_deleting);
+		return $rows_deleted;// how many supposedly got deleted
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks all the relations that throw error messages when there are blocking related objects
+	 * for related model objects. If there are any related model objects on those relations,
+	 * adds an EE_Error, and return true
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int $this_model_obj_or_id
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class     $ignore_this_model_obj a model object like 'EE_Event', or 'EE_Term_Taxonomy', which
+	 *                                                 should be ignored when determining whether there are related
+	 *                                                 model objects which block this model object's deletion. Useful
+	 *                                                 if you know A is related to B and are considering deleting A,
+	 *                                                 but want to see if A has any other objects blocking its deletion
+	 *                                                 before removing the relation between A and B
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_is_blocked_by_related_models($this_model_obj_or_id, $ignore_this_model_obj = null)
+	{
+		// first, if $ignore_this_model_obj was supplied, get its model
+		if ($ignore_this_model_obj && $ignore_this_model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$ignored_model = $ignore_this_model_obj->get_model();
+		} else {
+			$ignored_model = null;
+		}
+		// now check all the relations of $this_model_obj_or_id and see if there
+		// are any related model objects blocking it?
+		$is_blocked = false;
+		foreach ($this->_model_relations as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj->block_delete_if_related_models_exist()) {
+				// if $ignore_this_model_obj was supplied, then for the query
+				// on that model needs to be told to ignore $ignore_this_model_obj
+				if ($ignored_model && $relation_name === $ignored_model->get_this_model_name()) {
+					$related_model_objects = $relation_obj->get_all_related($this_model_obj_or_id, [
+						[
+							$ignored_model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => [
+								'!=',
+								$ignore_this_model_obj->ID(),
+							],
+						],
+					]);
+				} else {
+					$related_model_objects = $relation_obj->get_all_related($this_model_obj_or_id);
+				}
+				if ($related_model_objects) {
+					EE_Error::add_error($relation_obj->get_deletion_error_message(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+					$is_blocked = true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $is_blocked;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Builds the columns and values for items to delete from the incoming $row_results_for_deleting array.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $row_results_for_deleting
+	 * @param bool  $allow_blocking
+	 * @return array   The shape of this array depends on whether the model `has_primary_key_field` or not.  If the
+	 *                              model DOES have a primary_key_field, then the array will be a simple single
+	 *                              dimension array where the key is the fully qualified primary key column and the
+	 *                              value is an array of ids that will be deleted. Example: array('Event.EVT_ID' =>
+	 *                              array( 1,2,3)) If the model DOES NOT have a primary_key_field, then the array will
+	 *                              be a two dimensional array where each element is a group of columns and values that
+	 *                              get deleted. Example: array(
+	 *                              0 => array(
+	 *                              'Term_Relationship.object_id' => 1
+	 *                              'Term_Relationship.term_taxonomy_id' => 5
+	 *                              ),
+	 *                              1 => array(
+	 *                              'Term_Relationship.object_id' => 1
+	 *                              'Term_Relationship.term_taxonomy_id' => 6
+	 *                              )
+	 *                              )
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_ids_for_delete(array $row_results_for_deleting, $allow_blocking = true)
+	{
+		$ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column = [];
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$primary_table                   = $this->_get_main_table();
+			$primary_table_pk_field          =
+				$this->get_field_by_column($primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column());
+			$other_tables                    = $this->_get_other_tables();
+			$ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column = $query = [];
+			foreach ($row_results_for_deleting as $item_to_delete) {
+				// before we mark this item for deletion,
+				// make sure there's no related entities blocking its deletion (if we're checking)
+				if (
+					$allow_blocking
+					&& $this->delete_is_blocked_by_related_models(
+						$item_to_delete[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ]
+					)
+				) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				// primary table deletes
+				if (isset($item_to_delete[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ])) {
+					$ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ][] =
+						$item_to_delete[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ];
+				}
+			}
+		} elseif (count($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields()) > 1) {
+			$fields = $this->get_combined_primary_key_fields();
+			foreach ($row_results_for_deleting as $item_to_delete) {
+				$ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_row = [];
+				foreach ($fields as $cpk_field) {
+					if ($cpk_field instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+						$ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_row[ $cpk_field->get_qualified_column() ] =
+							$item_to_delete[ $cpk_field->get_qualified_column() ];
+					}
+				}
+				$ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column[] = $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_row;
+			}
+		} else {
+			// so there's no primary key and no combined key...
+			// sorry, can't help you
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"Cannot delete objects of type %s because there is no primary key NOR combined key",
+						"event_espresso"
+					),
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This receives an array of columns and values set to be deleted (as prepared by _get_ids_for_delete) and prepares
+	 * the corresponding query_part for the query performing the delete.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column @see _get_ids_for_delete for how this array might be shaped.
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _build_query_part_for_deleting_from_columns_and_values(array $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column)
+	{
+		$query_part = '';
+		if (empty($ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column)) {
+			return $query_part;
+		} elseif ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$query = [];
+			foreach ($ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column as $column => $ids) {
+				$query[] = $column . ' IN' . $this->_construct_in_value($ids, $this->_primary_key_field);
+			}
+			$query_part = ! empty($query) ? implode(' AND ', $query) : $query_part;
+		} elseif (count($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields()) > 1) {
+			$ways_to_identify_a_row = [];
+			foreach ($ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column as $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_each_row) {
+				$values_for_each_combined_primary_key_for_a_row = [];
+				foreach ($ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_each_row as $column => $id) {
+					$values_for_each_combined_primary_key_for_a_row[] = $column . '=' . $id;
+				}
+				$ways_to_identify_a_row[] = '('
+											. implode(' AND ', $values_for_each_combined_primary_key_for_a_row)
+											. ')';
+			}
+			$query_part = implode(' OR ', $ways_to_identify_a_row);
+		}
+		return $query_part;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model field by the fully qualified name
+	 *
+	 * @param string $qualified_column_name eg 'Event_CPT.post_name' or $field_obj->get_qualified_column()
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
+	 */
+	public function get_field_by_column($qualified_column_name)
+	{
+		foreach ($this->field_settings(true) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			if ($field_obj->get_qualified_column() === $qualified_column_name) {
+				return $field_obj;
+			}
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__('Could not find a field on the model "%1$s" for qualified column "%2$s"', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->get_this_model_name(),
+				$qualified_column_name
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Count all the rows that match criteria the model query params.
+	 * If $field_to_count isn't provided, the model's primary key is used. Otherwise, we count by field_to_count's
+	 * column
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params   @see
+	 *                               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_count field on model to count by (not column name)
+	 * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
+	 *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function count($query_params = [], $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
+	{
+		$model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+		if ($field_to_count) {
+			$field_obj       = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_count);
+			$column_to_count = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
+		} elseif ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$pk_field_obj    = $this->get_primary_key_field();
+			$column_to_count = $pk_field_obj->get_qualified_column();
+		} else {
+			// there's no primary key
+			// if we're counting distinct items, and there's no primary key,
+			// we need to list out the columns for distinction;
+			// otherwise we can just use star
+			if ($distinct) {
+				$columns_to_use = [];
+				foreach ($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields() as $field_obj) {
+					$columns_to_use[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
+				}
+				$column_to_count = implode(',', $columns_to_use);
+			} else {
+				$column_to_count = '*';
+			}
+		}
+		$column_to_count = $distinct ? "DISTINCT " . $column_to_count : $column_to_count;
+		$SQL             =
+			"SELECT COUNT(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+		return (int) $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', [$SQL]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sums up the value of the $field_to_sum (defaults to the primary key, which isn't terribly useful)
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see
+	 *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_sum name of field (array key in $_fields array)
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum($query_params, $field_to_sum = null)
+	{
+		$model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+		if ($field_to_sum) {
+			$field_obj = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_sum);
+		} else {
+			$field_obj = $this->get_primary_key_field();
+		}
+		$column_to_count = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
+		$SQL             =
+			"SELECT SUM(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+		$return_value    = $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', [$SQL]);
+		$data_type       = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
+		if ($data_type === '%d' || $data_type === '%s') {
+			return (float) $return_value;
+		}
+		// must be %f
+		return (float) $return_value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just calls the specified method on $wpdb with the given arguments
+	 * Consolidates a little extra error handling code
+	 *
+	 * @param string $wpdb_method
+	 * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @global wpdb  $wpdb
+	 */
+	protected function _do_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
+	{
+		// if we're in maintenance mode level 2, DON'T run any queries
+		// because level 2 indicates the database needs updating and
+		// is probably out of sync with the code
+		if (! EE_Maintenance_Mode::instance()->models_can_query()) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"Event Espresso Level 2 Maintenance mode is active. That means EE can not run ANY database queries until the necessary migration scripts have run which will take EE out of maintenance mode level 2. Please inform support of this error.",
+						"event_espresso"
+					)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		if (! method_exists($wpdb, $wpdb_method)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'There is no method named "%s" on Wordpress\' $wpdb object',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$wpdb_method
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if (WP_DEBUG) {
+			$old_show_errors_value = $wpdb->show_errors;
+			$wpdb->show_errors(false);
+		}
+		$result = $this->_process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
+		$this->show_db_query_if_previously_requested($wpdb->last_query);
+		if (WP_DEBUG) {
+			$wpdb->show_errors($old_show_errors_value);
+			if (! empty($wpdb->last_error)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(sprintf(esc_html__('WPDB Error: "%s"', 'event_espresso'), $wpdb->last_error));
+			}
+			if ($result === false) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'WPDB Error occurred, but no error message was logged by wpdb! The wpdb method called was "%1$s" and the arguments were "%2$s"',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$wpdb_method,
+						var_export($arguments_to_provide, true)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		} elseif ($result === false) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'A database error has occurred. Turn on WP_DEBUG for more information.||A database error occurred doing wpdb method "%1$s", with arguments "%2$s". The error was "%3$s"',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$wpdb_method,
+					var_export($arguments_to_provide, true),
+					$wpdb->last_error
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+		}
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Attempts to run the indicated WPDB method with the provided arguments,
+	 * and if there's an error tries to verify the DB is correct. Uses
+	 * the static property EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level to determine whether
+	 * we should try to fix the EE core db, the addons, or just give up
+	 *
+	 * @param string $wpdb_method
+	 * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
+	 * @return mixed
+	 */
+	private function _process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
+	{
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		$wpdb->last_error = null;
+		$result           = call_user_func_array([$wpdb, $wpdb_method], $arguments_to_provide);
+		// was there an error running the query? but we don't care on new activations
+		// (we're going to setup the DB anyway on new activations)
+		if (
+			($result === false || ! empty($wpdb->last_error))
+			&& EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() !== EE_System::req_type_new_activation
+		) {
+			switch (EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level) {
+				case EEM_Base::db_verified_none:
+					// let's double-check core's DB
+					$error_message = $this->_verify_core_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
+					break;
+				case EEM_Base::db_verified_core:
+					// STILL NO LOVE?? verify all the addons too. Maybe they need to be fixed
+					$error_message = $this->_verify_addons_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
+					break;
+				case EEM_Base::db_verified_addons:
+					// ummmm... you in trouble
+					return $result;
+					break;
+			}
+			if (! empty($error_message)) {
+				EE_Log::instance()->log(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, $error_message, 'error');
+				trigger_error($error_message);
+			}
+			return $this->_process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
+		}
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Verifies the EE core database is up-to-date and records that we've done it on
+	 * EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level
+	 *
+	 * @param string $wpdb_method
+	 * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _verify_core_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
+	{
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		// ok remember that we've already attempted fixing the core db, in case the problem persists
+		EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_core;
+		$error_message                    = sprintf(
+			esc_html__(
+				'WPDB Error "%1$s" while running wpdb method "%2$s" with arguments %3$s. Automatically attempting to fix EE Core DB',
+				'event_espresso'
+			),
+			$wpdb->last_error,
+			$wpdb_method,
+			wp_json_encode($arguments_to_provide)
+		);
+		EE_System::instance()->initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required(false, true);
+		return $error_message;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Verifies the EE addons' database is up-to-date and records that we've done it on
+	 * EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level
+	 *
+	 * @param $wpdb_method
+	 * @param $arguments_to_provide
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _verify_addons_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
+	{
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		// ok remember that we've already attempted fixing the addons dbs, in case the problem persists
+		EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_addons;
+		$error_message                    = sprintf(
+			esc_html__(
+				'WPDB AGAIN: Error "%1$s" while running the same method and arguments as before. Automatically attempting to fix EE Addons DB',
+				'event_espresso'
+			),
+			$wpdb->last_error,
+			$wpdb_method,
+			wp_json_encode($arguments_to_provide)
+		);
+		EE_System::instance()->initialize_addons();
+		return $error_message;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * In order to avoid repeating this code for the get_all, sum, and count functions, put the code parts
+	 * that are identical in here. Returns a string of SQL of everything in a SELECT query except the beginning
+	 * SELECT clause, eg " FROM wp_posts AS Event INNER JOIN ... WHERE ... ORDER BY ... LIMIT ... GROUP BY ... HAVING
+	 * ..."
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info)
+	{
+		return " FROM " . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql() .
+			   $model_query_info->get_where_sql() .
+			   $model_query_info->get_group_by_sql() .
+			   $model_query_info->get_having_sql() .
+			   $model_query_info->get_order_by_sql() .
+			   $model_query_info->get_limit_sql();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set to easily debug the next X queries ran from this model.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $count
+	 */
+	public function show_next_x_db_queries($count = 1)
+	{
+		$this->_show_next_x_db_queries = $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $sql_query
+	 */
+	public function show_db_query_if_previously_requested($sql_query)
+	{
+		if ($this->_show_next_x_db_queries > 0) {
+			echo esc_html($sql_query);
+			$this->_show_next_x_db_queries--;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relationship of the correct type between $modelObject and $otherModelObject.
+	 * There are the 3 cases:
+	 * 'belongsTo' relationship: sets $id_or_obj's foreign_key to be $other_model_id_or_obj's primary_key. If
+	 * $otherModelObject has no ID, it is first saved.
+	 * 'hasMany' relationship: sets $other_model_id_or_obj's foreign_key to be $id_or_obj's primary_key. If $id_or_obj
+	 * has no ID, it is first saved.
+	 * 'hasAndBelongsToMany' relationships: checks that there isn't already an entry in the join table, and adds one.
+	 * If one of the model Objects has not yet been saved to the database, it is saved before adding the entry in the
+	 * join table
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class                     /int $thisModelObject
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class                     /int $id_or_obj EE_base_Class or ID of other Model Object
+	 * @param string $relationName                     , key in EEM_Base::_relations
+	 *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
+	 *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
+	 *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
+	 * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values This allows you to enter further query params for the relation
+	 *                                                 to for relation to methods that allow you to further specify
+	 *                                                 extra columns to join by (such as HABTM).  Keep in mind that the
+	 *                                                 only acceptable query_params is strict "col" => "value" pairs
+	 *                                                 because these will be inserted in any new rows created as well.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class which was added as a relation. Object referred to by $other_model_id_or_obj
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function add_relationship_to(
+		$id_or_obj,
+		$other_model_id_or_obj,
+		$relationName,
+		$extra_join_model_fields_n_values = []
+	) {
+		$relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
+		return $relation_obj->add_relation_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $extra_join_model_fields_n_values);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a relationship of the correct type between $modelObject and $otherModelObject.
+	 * There are the 3 cases:
+	 * 'belongsTo' relationship: sets $modelObject's foreign_key to null, if that field is nullable.Otherwise throws an
+	 * error
+	 * 'hasMany' relationship: sets $otherModelObject's foreign_key to null,if that field is nullable.Otherwise throws
+	 * an error
+	 * 'hasAndBelongsToMany' relationships:removes any existing entry in the join table between the two models.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class /int $id_or_obj
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class /int $other_model_id_or_obj EE_Base_Class or ID of other Model Object
+	 * @param string $relationName key in EEM_Base::_relations
+	 * @param array  $where_query  This allows you to enter further query params for the relation to for relation to
+	 *                             methods that allow you to further specify extra columns to join by (such as HABTM).
+	 *                             Keep in mind that the only acceptable query_params is strict "col" => "value" pairs
+	 *                             because these will be inserted in any new rows created as well.
+	 * @return boolean of success
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function remove_relationship_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query = [])
+	{
+		$relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
+		return $relation_obj->remove_relation_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $where_query);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param mixed  $id_or_obj
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query_params
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class[] objects to which relations were removed
+	 * @return \EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function remove_relations($id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query_params = [])
+	{
+		$relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
+		return $relation_obj->remove_relations($id_or_obj, $where_query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the related items of the specified $model_name, using $query_params.
+	 * Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
+	 * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $id_or_obj    EE_Base_Class child or its ID
+	 * @param string $model_name   like 'Event', 'Registration', etc. always singular
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see
+	 *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_all_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = null)
+	{
+		$model_obj         = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
+		$relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
+		return $relation_settings->get_all_related($model_obj, $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes all the model objects across the relation indicated by $model_name
+	 * which are related to $id_or_obj which meet the criteria set in $query_params.
+	 * However, if the model objects can't be deleted because of blocking related model objects, then
+	 * they aren't deleted. (Unless the thing that would have been deleted can be soft-deleted, that still happens).
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $id_or_obj
+	 * @param string                   $model_name
+	 * @param array                    $query_params
+	 * @return int how many deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = [])
+	{
+		$model_obj         = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
+		$relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
+		return $relation_settings->delete_all_related($model_obj, $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Hard deletes all the model objects across the relation indicated by $model_name
+	 * which are related to $id_or_obj which meet the criteria set in $query_params. If
+	 * the model objects can't be hard deleted because of blocking related model objects,
+	 * just does a soft-delete on them instead.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $id_or_obj
+	 * @param string                   $model_name
+	 * @param array                    $query_params
+	 * @return int how many deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related_permanently($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = [])
+	{
+		$model_obj         = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
+		$relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
+		return $relation_settings->delete_related_permanently($model_obj, $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
+	 * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param int             /EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj
+	 * @param string $model_name     like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params   @see
+	 *                               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
+	 * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
+	 *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function count_related(
+		$id_or_obj,
+		$model_name,
+		$query_params = [],
+		$field_to_count = null,
+		$distinct = false
+	) {
+		$related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
+		// we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
+		// except add a condition to say to match the current mod
+		if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
+			$query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
+		}
+		$this_model_name                                                 = $this->get_this_model_name();
+		$this_pk_field_name                                              = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+		$query_params[0][ $this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name ] = $id_or_obj;
+		return $related_model->count($query_params, $field_to_count, $distinct);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
+	 * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param int           /EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj
+	 * @param string $model_name   like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see
+	 *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_sum name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params, $field_to_sum = null)
+	{
+		$related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+				'EEM_Base::sum_related',
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
+					gettype($query_params)
+				),
+				'4.6.0'
+			);
+			$query_params = [];
+		}
+		// we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
+		// except add a condition to say to match the current mod
+		if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
+			$query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
+		}
+		$this_model_name                                                 = $this->get_this_model_name();
+		$this_pk_field_name                                              = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+		$query_params[0][ $this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name ] = $id_or_obj;
+		return $related_model->sum($query_params, $field_to_sum);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Uses $this->_relatedModels info to find the first related model object of relation $relationName to the given
+	 * $modelObject
+	 *
+	 * @param int | EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj        EE_Base_Class child or its ID
+	 * @param string              $other_model_name , key in $this->_relatedModels, eg 'Registration', or 'Events'
+	 * @param array               $query_params     @see
+	 *                                              https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_first_related(EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj, $other_model_name, $query_params)
+	{
+		$query_params['limit'] = 1;
+		$results               = $this->get_all_related($id_or_obj, $other_model_name, $query_params);
+		if ($results) {
+			return array_shift($results);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model's name as it's expected in queries. For example, if this is EEM_Event model, that would be Event
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_this_model_name()
+	{
+		return str_replace("EEM_", "", get_class($this));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model field on this model which is of type EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_field_containing_related_model_name()
+	{
+		foreach ($this->field_settings(true) as $field) {
+			if ($field instanceof EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field) {
+				$field_with_model_name = $field;
+			}
+		}
+		if (! isset($field_with_model_name) || ! $field_with_model_name) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__("There is no EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name field on model %s", "event_espresso"),
+					$this->get_this_model_name()
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $field_with_model_name;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Inserts a new entry into the database, for each table.
+	 * Note: does not add the item to the entity map because that is done by EE_Base_Class::save() right after this.
+	 * If client code uses EEM_Base::insert() directly, then although the item isn't in the entity map,
+	 * we also know there is no model object with the newly inserted item's ID at the moment (because
+	 * if there were, then they would already be in the DB and this would fail); and in the future if someone
+	 * creates a model object with this ID (or grabs it from the DB) then it will be added to the
+	 * entity map at that time anyways. SO, no need for EEM_Base::insert ot add to the entity map
+	 *
+	 * @param array $field_n_values keys are field names, values are their values (in the client code's domain if
+	 *                              $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is false, in the model object's domain if
+	 *                              $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is true. See comment about this at the top
+	 *                              of EEM_Base)
+	 * @return int|string new primary key on main table that got inserted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function insert($field_n_values)
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Filters the fields and their values before inserting an item using the models
+		 *
+		 * @param array    $fields_n_values keys are the fields and values are their new values
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model           the model used
+		 */
+		$field_n_values = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__insert__fields_n_values', $field_n_values, $this);
+		if ($this->_satisfies_unique_indexes($field_n_values)) {
+			$main_table = $this->_get_main_table();
+			$new_id     = $this->_insert_into_specific_table($main_table, $field_n_values, false);
+			if ($new_id !== false) {
+				foreach ($this->_get_other_tables() as $other_table) {
+					$this->_insert_into_specific_table($other_table, $field_n_values, $new_id);
+				}
+			}
+			/**
+			 * Done just after attempting to insert a new model object
+			 *
+			 * @param EEM_Base $model           used
+			 * @param array    $fields_n_values fields and their values
+			 * @param int|string the              ID of the newly-inserted model object
+			 */
+			do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__insert__end', $this, $field_n_values, $new_id);
+			return $new_id;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks that the result would satisfy the unique indexes on this model
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $field_n_values
+	 * @param string $action
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _satisfies_unique_indexes($field_n_values, $action = 'insert')
+	{
+		foreach ($this->unique_indexes() as $index_name => $index) {
+			$uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($field_n_values, $index->fields());
+			if ($this->exists([$uniqueness_where_params])) {
+				EE_Error::add_error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"Could not %s %s. %s uniqueness index failed. Fields %s must form a unique set, but an entry already exists with values %s.",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						$action,
+						$this->_get_class_name(),
+						$index_name,
+						implode(",", $index->field_names()),
+						http_build_query($uniqueness_where_params)
+					),
+					__FILE__,
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					__LINE__
+				);
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks the database for an item that conflicts (ie, if this item were
+	 * saved to the DB would break some uniqueness requirement, like a primary key
+	 * or an index primary key set) with the item specified. $id_obj_or_fields_array
+	 * can be either an EE_Base_Class or an array of fields n values
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|array $obj_or_fields_array
+	 * @param boolean             $include_primary_key whether to use the model object's primary key
+	 *                                                 when looking for conflicts
+	 *                                                 (ie, if false, we ignore the model object's primary key
+	 *                                                 when finding "conflicts". If true, it's also considered).
+	 *                                                 Only works for INT primary key,
+	 *                                                 STRING primary keys cannot be ignored
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_one_conflicting($obj_or_fields_array, $include_primary_key = true)
+	{
+		if ($obj_or_fields_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$fields_n_values = $obj_or_fields_array->model_field_array();
+		} elseif (is_array($obj_or_fields_array)) {
+			$fields_n_values = $obj_or_fields_array;
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"%s get_all_conflicting should be called with a model object or an array of field names and values, you provided %d",
+						"event_espresso"
+					),
+					get_class($this),
+					$obj_or_fields_array
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$query_params = [];
+		if (
+			$this->has_primary_key_field()
+			&& ($include_primary_key
+				|| $this->get_primary_key_field()
+				   instanceof
+				   EE_Primary_Key_String_Field)
+			&& isset($fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ])
+		) {
+			$query_params[0]['OR'][ $this->primary_key_name() ] = $fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ];
+		}
+		foreach ($this->unique_indexes() as $unique_index_name => $unique_index) {
+			$uniqueness_where_params                              =
+				array_intersect_key($fields_n_values, $unique_index->fields());
+			$query_params[0]['OR'][ 'AND*' . $unique_index_name ] = $uniqueness_where_params;
+		}
+		// if there is nothing to base this search on, then we shouldn't find anything
+		if (empty($query_params)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		return $this->get_one($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Like count, but is optimized and returns a boolean instead of an int
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function exists($query_params)
+	{
+		$query_params['limit'] = 1;
+		return $this->count($query_params) > 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Wrapper for exists, except ignores default query parameters so we're only considering ID
+	 *
+	 * @param int|string $id
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function exists_by_ID($id)
+	{
+		return $this->exists(
+			[
+				'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none,
+				[
+					$this->primary_key_name() => $id,
+				],
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Inserts a new row in $table, using the $cols_n_values which apply to that table.
+	 * If a $new_id is supplied and if $table is an EE_Other_Table, we assume
+	 * we need to add a foreign key column to point to $new_id (which should be the primary key's value
+	 * on the main table)
+	 * This is protected rather than private because private is not accessible to any child methods and there MAY be
+	 * cases where we want to call it directly rather than via insert().
+	 *
+	 * @access   protected
+	 * @param EE_Table_Base $table
+	 * @param array         $fields_n_values each key should be in field's keys, and value should be an int, string or
+	 *                                       float
+	 * @param int           $new_id          for now we assume only int keys
+	 * @return int ID of new row inserted, or FALSE on failure
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @global WPDB         $wpdb            only used to get the $wpdb->insert_id after performing an insert
+	 */
+	protected function _insert_into_specific_table(EE_Table_Base $table, $fields_n_values, $new_id = 0)
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		$insertion_col_n_values = [];
+		$format_for_insertion   = [];
+		$fields_on_table        = $this->_get_fields_for_table($table->get_table_alias());
+		foreach ($fields_on_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			// check if its an auto-incrementing column, in which case we should just leave it to do its autoincrement thing
+			if ($field_obj->is_auto_increment()) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$prepared_value = $this->_prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values);
+			// if the value we want to assign it to is NULL, just don't mention it for the insertion
+			if ($prepared_value !== null) {
+				$insertion_col_n_values[ $field_obj->get_table_column() ] = $prepared_value;
+				$format_for_insertion[]                                   = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
+			}
+		}
+		if ($table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table && $new_id) {
+			// its not the main table, so we should have already saved the main table's PK which we just inserted
+			// so add the fk to the main table as a column
+			$insertion_col_n_values[ $table->get_fk_on_table() ] = $new_id;
+			$format_for_insertion[]                              =
+				'%d';// yes right now we're only allowing these foreign keys to be INTs
+		}
+
+		// insert the new entry
+		$result = $this->_do_wpdb_query(
+			'insert',
+			[$table->get_table_name(), $insertion_col_n_values, $format_for_insertion]
+		);
+		if ($result === false) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// ok, now what do we return for the ID of the newly-inserted thing?
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if ($this->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+				return $wpdb->insert_id;
+			}
+			// it's not an auto-increment primary key, so
+			// it must have been supplied
+			return $fields_n_values[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() ];
+		}
+		// we can't return a  primary key because there is none. instead return
+		// a unique string indicating this model
+		return $this->get_index_primary_key_string($fields_n_values);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Prepare the $field_obj 's value in $fields_n_values for use in the database.
+	 * If the field doesn't allow NULL, try to use its default. (If it doesn't allow NULL,
+	 * and there is no default, we pass it along. WPDB will take care of it)
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
+	 * @param array               $fields_n_values
+	 * @return mixed string|int|float depending on what the table column will be expecting
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values)
+	{
+		$field_name = $field_obj->get_name();
+		// if this field doesn't allow nullable, don't allow it
+		if (! $field_obj->is_nullable() && ! isset($fields_n_values[ $field_name ])) {
+			$fields_n_values[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+		}
+		$unprepared_value = $fields_n_values[ $field_name ] ?? null;
+		return $this->_prepare_value_for_use_in_db($unprepared_value, $field_obj);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Consolidates code for preparing  a value supplied to the model for use int eh db. Calls the field's
+	 * prepare_for_use_in_db method on the value, and depending on $value_already_prepare_by_model_obj, may also call
+	 * the field's prepare_for_set() method.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed               $value value in the client code domain if $value_already_prepared_by_model_object is
+	 *                                   false, otherwise a value in the model object's domain (see lengthy comment at
+	 *                                   top of file)
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base $field field which will be doing the preparing of the value. If null, we assume
+	 *                                   $value is a custom selection
+	 * @return mixed a value ready for use in the database for insertions, updating, or in a where clause
+	 */
+	private function _prepare_value_for_use_in_db($value, $field)
+	{
+		if ($field instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			// phpcs:disable PSR2.ControlStructures.SwitchDeclaration.TerminatingComment
+			switch ($this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object) {
+				/** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
+				case self::not_prepared_by_model_object:
+					$value = $field->prepare_for_set($value);
+				// purposefully left out "return"
+				// no break
+				case self::prepared_by_model_object:
+					/** @noinspection SuspiciousAssignmentsInspection */
+					$value = $field->prepare_for_use_in_db($value);
+				// no break
+				case self::prepared_for_use_in_db:
+					// leave the value alone
+			}
+			// phpcs:enable
+		}
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the main table on this model
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Primary_Table
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_main_table()
+	{
+		foreach ($this->_tables as $table) {
+			if ($table instanceof EE_Primary_Table) {
+				return $table;
+			}
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'There are no main tables on %s. They should be added to _tables array in the constructor',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				get_class($this)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * table
+	 * returns EE_Primary_Table table name
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function table()
+	{
+		return $this->_get_main_table()->get_table_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * table
+	 * returns first EE_Secondary_Table table name
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function second_table()
+	{
+		// grab second table from tables array
+		$second_table = end($this->_tables);
+		return $second_table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table ? $second_table->get_table_name() : null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get_table_obj_by_alias
+	 * returns table name given it's alias
+	 *
+	 * @param string $table_alias
+	 * @return EE_Primary_Table | EE_Secondary_Table
+	 */
+	public function get_table_obj_by_alias($table_alias = '')
+	{
+		return isset($this->_tables[ $table_alias ]) ? $this->_tables[ $table_alias ] : null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the tables of type EE_Other_Table from EEM_CPT_Basel_Model::_tables
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Secondary_Table[]
+	 */
+	protected function _get_other_tables()
+	{
+		$other_tables = [];
+		foreach ($this->_tables as $table_alias => $table) {
+			if ($table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
+				$other_tables[ $table_alias ] = $table;
+			}
+		}
+		return $other_tables;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Finds all the fields that correspond to the given table
+	 *
+	 * @param string $table_alias , array key in EEM_Base::_tables
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[]
+	 */
+	public function _get_fields_for_table($table_alias)
+	{
+		return $this->_fields[ $table_alias ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Recurses through all the where parameters, and finds all the related models we'll need
+	 * to complete this query. Eg, given where parameters like array('EVT_ID'=>3) from within Event model, we won't
+	 * need any related models. But if the array were array('Registrations.REG_ID'=>3), we'd need the related
+	 * Registration model. If it were array('Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_ID'=>3), then we'd need the
+	 * related Registration, Transaction, and Payment models.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _extract_related_models_from_query($query_params)
+	{
+		$query_info_carrier = new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier();
+		if (array_key_exists(0, $query_params)) {
+			$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys($query_params[0], $query_info_carrier, 0);
+		}
+		if (array_key_exists('group_by', $query_params)) {
+			if (is_array($query_params['group_by'])) {
+				$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
+					$query_params['group_by'],
+					$query_info_carrier,
+					'group_by'
+				);
+			} elseif (! empty($query_params['group_by'])) {
+				$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+					$query_params['group_by'],
+					$query_info_carrier,
+					'group_by'
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		if (array_key_exists('having', $query_params)) {
+			$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
+				$query_params[0],
+				$query_info_carrier,
+				'having'
+			);
+		}
+		if (array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)) {
+			if (is_array($query_params['order_by'])) {
+				$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
+					$query_params['order_by'],
+					$query_info_carrier,
+					'order_by'
+				);
+			} elseif (! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
+				$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+					$query_params['order_by'],
+					$query_info_carrier,
+					'order_by'
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		if (array_key_exists('force_join', $query_params)) {
+			$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
+				$query_params['force_join'],
+				$query_info_carrier,
+				'force_join'
+			);
+		}
+		$this->extractRelatedModelsFromCustomSelects($query_info_carrier);
+		return $query_info_carrier;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For extracting related models from WHERE (0), HAVING (having), ORDER BY (order_by) or forced joins (force_join)
+	 *
+	 * @param array                       $sub_query_params @see
+	 *                                                      https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#-0-where-conditions
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier
+	 * @param string                      $query_param_type one of $this->_allowed_query_params
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return \EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
+	 */
+	private function _extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
+		$sub_query_params,
+		EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
+		$query_param_type
+	) {
+		if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
+			$sub_query_params = (array) $sub_query_params;
+			foreach ($sub_query_params as $param => $possibly_array_of_params) {
+				// $param could be simply 'EVT_ID', or it could be 'Registrations.REG_ID', or even 'Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_amount'
+				$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+					$param,
+					$model_query_info_carrier,
+					$query_param_type
+				);
+				// if $possibly_array_of_params is an array, try recursing into it, searching for keys which
+				// indicate needed joins. Eg, array('NOT'=>array('Registration.TXN_ID'=>23)). In this case, we tried
+				// extracting models out of the 'NOT', which obviously wasn't successful, and then we recurse into the value
+				// of array('Registration.TXN_ID'=>23)
+				$query_param_sans_stars =
+					$this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($param);
+				if (in_array($query_param_sans_stars, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
+					if (! is_array($possibly_array_of_params)) {
+						throw new EE_Error(
+							sprintf(
+								esc_html__(
+									"You used a special where query param %s, but the value isn't an array of where query params, it's just %s'. It should be an array, eg array('EVT_ID'=>23,'OR'=>array('Venue.VNU_ID'=>32,'Venue.VNU_name'=>'monkey_land'))",
+									"event_espresso"
+								),
+								$param,
+								$possibly_array_of_params
+							)
+						);
+					}
+					$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
+						$possibly_array_of_params,
+						$model_query_info_carrier,
+						$query_param_type
+					);
+				} elseif (
+					$query_param_type === 0 // ie WHERE
+					&& is_array($possibly_array_of_params)
+					&& isset($possibly_array_of_params[2])
+					&& $possibly_array_of_params[2] == true
+				) {
+					// then $possible_array_of_params looks something like array('<','DTT_sold',true)
+					// indicating that $possible_array_of_params[1] is actually a field name,
+					// from which we should extract query parameters!
+					if (! isset($possibly_array_of_params[0], $possibly_array_of_params[1])) {
+						throw new EE_Error(
+							sprintf(
+								esc_html__(
+									"Improperly formed query parameter %s. It should be numerically indexed like array('<','DTT_sold',true); but you provided %s",
+									"event_espresso"
+								),
+								$query_param_type,
+								implode(",", $possibly_array_of_params)
+							)
+						);
+					}
+					$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+						$possibly_array_of_params[1],
+						$model_query_info_carrier,
+						$query_param_type
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $model_query_info_carrier;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For extracting related models from forced_joins, where the array values contain the info about what
+	 * models to join with. Eg an array like array('Attendee','Price.Price_Type');
+	 *
+	 * @param array                       $sub_query_params @see
+	 *                                                      https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier
+	 * @param string                      $query_param_type one of $this->_allowed_query_params
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return \EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
+	 */
+	private function _extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
+		$sub_query_params,
+		EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
+		$query_param_type
+	) {
+		if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
+			if (! is_array($sub_query_params)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__("Query parameter %s should be an array, but it isn't.", "event_espresso"),
+						$sub_query_params
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			foreach ($sub_query_params as $param) {
+				// $param could be simply 'EVT_ID', or it could be 'Registrations.REG_ID', or even 'Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_amount'
+				$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+					$param,
+					$model_query_info_carrier,
+					$query_param_type
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $model_query_info_carrier;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Extract all the query parts from  model query params
+	 * and put into a EEM_Related_Model_Info_Carrier for easy extraction into a query. We create this object
+	 * instead of directly constructing the SQL because often we need to extract info from the $query_params
+	 * but use them in a different order. Eg, we need to know what models we are querying
+	 * before we know what joins to perform. However, we need to know what data types correspond to which fields on
+	 * other models before we can finalize the where clause SQL.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
+	 * @throws ModelConfigurationException
+	 */
+	public function _create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params)
+	{
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+				'EEM_Base::_create_model_query_info_carrier',
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					gettype($query_params)
+				),
+				'4.6.0'
+			);
+			$query_params = [];
+		}
+		$query_params[0] = isset($query_params[0]) ? $query_params[0] : [];
+		// first check if we should alter the query to account for caps or not
+		// because the caps might require us to do extra joins
+		if (isset($query_params['caps']) && $query_params['caps'] !== 'none') {
+			$query_params[0] = array_replace_recursive(
+				$query_params[0],
+				$this->caps_where_conditions($query_params['caps'])
+			);
+		}
+
+		// check if we should alter the query to remove data related to protected
+		// custom post types
+		if (isset($query_params['exclude_protected']) && $query_params['exclude_protected'] === true) {
+			$where_param_key_for_password = $this->modelChainAndPassword();
+			// only include if related to a cpt where no password has been set
+			$query_params[0]['OR*nopassword'] = [
+				$where_param_key_for_password       => '',
+				$where_param_key_for_password . '*' => ['IS_NULL'],
+			];
+		}
+		$query_object = $this->_extract_related_models_from_query($query_params);
+		// verify where_query_params has NO numeric indexes.... that's simply not how you use it!
+		foreach ($query_params[0] as $key => $value) {
+			if (is_int($key)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"WHERE query params must NOT be numerically-indexed. You provided the array key '%s' for value '%s' while querying model %s. All the query params provided were '%s' Please read documentation on EEM_Base::get_all.",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						$key,
+						var_export($value, true),
+						var_export($query_params, true),
+						get_class($this)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		if (
+			array_key_exists('default_where_conditions', $query_params)
+			&& ! empty($query_params['default_where_conditions'])
+		) {
+			$use_default_where_conditions = $query_params['default_where_conditions'];
+		} else {
+			$use_default_where_conditions = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all;
+		}
+		$query_params[0] = array_merge(
+			$this->_get_default_where_conditions_for_models_in_query(
+				$query_object,
+				$use_default_where_conditions,
+				$query_params[0]
+			),
+			$query_params[0]
+		);
+		$query_object->set_where_sql($this->_construct_where_clause($query_params[0]));
+		// if this is a "on_join_limit" then we are limiting on on a specific table in a multi_table join.
+		// So we need to setup a subquery and use that for the main join.
+		// Note for now this only works on the primary table for the model.
+		// So for instance, you could set the limit array like this:
+		// array( 'on_join_limit' => array('Primary_Table_Alias', array(1,10) ) )
+		if (array_key_exists('on_join_limit', $query_params) && ! empty($query_params['on_join_limit'])) {
+			$query_object->set_main_model_join_sql(
+				$this->_construct_limit_join_select(
+					$query_params['on_join_limit'][0],
+					$query_params['on_join_limit'][1]
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// set limit
+		if (array_key_exists('limit', $query_params)) {
+			if (is_array($query_params['limit'])) {
+				if (! isset($query_params['limit'][0], $query_params['limit'][1])) {
+					$e = sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"Invalid DB query. You passed '%s' for the LIMIT, but only the following are valid: an integer, string representing an integer, a string like 'int,int', or an array like array(int,int)",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						http_build_query($query_params['limit'])
+					);
+					throw new EE_Error($e . "|" . $e);
+				}
+				// they passed us an array for the limit. Assume it's like array(50,25), meaning offset by 50, and get 25
+				$query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit'][0] . "," . $query_params['limit'][1]);
+			} elseif (! empty($query_params['limit'])) {
+				$query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit']);
+			}
+		}
+		// set order by
+		if (array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)) {
+			if (is_array($query_params['order_by'])) {
+				// if they're using 'order_by' as an array, they can't use 'order' (because 'order_by' must
+				// specify whether to ascend or descend on each field. Eg 'order_by'=>array('EVT_ID'=>'ASC'). So
+				// including 'order' wouldn't make any sense if 'order_by' has already specified which way to order!
+				if (array_key_exists('order', $query_params)) {
+					throw new EE_Error(
+						sprintf(
+							esc_html__(
+								"In querying %s, we are using query parameter 'order_by' as an array (keys:%s,values:%s), and so we can't use query parameter 'order' (value %s). You should just use the 'order_by' parameter ",
+								"event_espresso"
+							),
+							get_class($this),
+							implode(", ", array_keys($query_params['order_by'])),
+							implode(", ", $query_params['order_by']),
+							$query_params['order']
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
+					$query_params['order_by'],
+					$query_object,
+					'order_by'
+				);
+				// assume it's an array of fields to order by
+				$order_array = [];
+				foreach ($query_params['order_by'] as $field_name_to_order_by => $order) {
+					$order         = $this->_extract_order($order);
+					$order_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_order_by) . SP . $order;
+				}
+				$query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . implode(",", $order_array));
+			} elseif (! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
+				$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+					$query_params['order_by'],
+					$query_object,
+					'order',
+					$query_params['order_by']
+				);
+				$order = isset($query_params['order'])
+					? $this->_extract_order($query_params['order'])
+					: 'DESC';
+				$query_object->set_order_by_sql(
+					" ORDER BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['order_by']) . SP . $order
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		// if 'order_by' wasn't set, maybe they are just using 'order' on its own?
+		if (
+			! array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)
+			&& array_key_exists('order', $query_params)
+			&& ! empty($query_params['order'])
+		) {
+			$pk_field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
+			$order    = $this->_extract_order($query_params['order']);
+			$query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . $pk_field->get_qualified_column() . SP . $order);
+		}
+		// set group by
+		if (array_key_exists('group_by', $query_params)) {
+			if (is_array($query_params['group_by'])) {
+				// it's an array, so assume we'll be grouping by a bunch of stuff
+				$group_by_array = [];
+				foreach ($query_params['group_by'] as $field_name_to_group_by) {
+					$group_by_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_group_by);
+				}
+				$query_object->set_group_by_sql(" GROUP BY " . implode(", ", $group_by_array));
+			} elseif (! empty($query_params['group_by'])) {
+				$query_object->set_group_by_sql(
+					" GROUP BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['group_by'])
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		// set having
+		if (array_key_exists('having', $query_params) && $query_params['having']) {
+			$query_object->set_having_sql($this->_construct_having_clause($query_params['having']));
+		}
+		// now, just verify they didn't pass anything wack
+		foreach ($query_params as $query_key => $query_value) {
+			if (! in_array($query_key, $this->_allowed_query_params, true)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"You passed %s as a query parameter to %s, which is illegal! The allowed query parameters are %s",
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$query_key,
+						get_class($this),
+						//                      print_r( $this->_allowed_query_params, TRUE )
+						implode(',', $this->_allowed_query_params)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		$main_model_join_sql = $query_object->get_main_model_join_sql();
+		if (empty($main_model_join_sql)) {
+			$query_object->set_main_model_join_sql($this->_construct_internal_join());
+		}
+		return $query_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the where conditions that should be imposed on the query based on the
+	 * context (eg reading frontend, backend, edit or delete).
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts()
+	 * @return array @see
+	 *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function caps_where_conditions($context = self::caps_read)
+	{
+		EEM_Base::verify_is_valid_cap_context($context);
+		$cap_where_conditions = [];
+		$cap_restrictions     = $this->caps_missing($context);
+		/**
+		 * @var $cap_restrictions EE_Default_Where_Conditions[]
+		 */
+		foreach ($cap_restrictions as $cap => $restriction_if_no_cap) {
+			$cap_where_conditions = array_replace_recursive(
+				$cap_where_conditions,
+				$restriction_if_no_cap->get_default_where_conditions()
+			);
+		}
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EEM_Base__caps_where_conditions__return',
+			$cap_where_conditions,
+			$this,
+			$context,
+			$cap_restrictions
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Verifies that $should_be_order_string is in $this->_allowed_order_values,
+	 * otherwise throws an exception
+	 *
+	 * @param string $should_be_order_string
+	 * @return string either ASC, asc, DESC or desc
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _extract_order($should_be_order_string)
+	{
+		if (in_array($should_be_order_string, $this->_allowed_order_values)) {
+			return $should_be_order_string;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					"While performing a query on '%s', tried to use '%s' as an order parameter. ",
+					"event_espresso"
+				),
+				get_class($this),
+				$should_be_order_string
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Looks at all the models which are included in this query, and asks each
+	 * for their universal_where_params, and returns them in the same format as $query_params[0] (where),
+	 * so they can be merged
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier
+	 * @param string                      $use_default_where_conditions can be 'none','other_models_only', or 'all'.
+	 *                                                                  'none' means NO default where conditions will
+	 *                                                                  be used AT ALL during this query.
+	 *                                                                  'other_models_only' means default where
+	 *                                                                  conditions from other models will be used, but
+	 *                                                                  not for this primary model. 'all', the default,
+	 *                                                                  means default where conditions will apply as
+	 *                                                                  normal
+	 * @param array                       $where_query_params           @see
+	 *                                                                  https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @return array @see
+	 *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _get_default_where_conditions_for_models_in_query(
+		EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier,
+		$use_default_where_conditions = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
+		$where_query_params = []
+	) {
+		$allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values = EEM_Base::valid_default_where_conditions();
+		if (! in_array($use_default_where_conditions, $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"You passed an invalid value to the query parameter 'default_where_conditions' of '%s'. Allowed values are %s",
+						"event_espresso"
+					),
+					$use_default_where_conditions,
+					implode(", ", $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$universal_query_params = [];
+		if ($this->_should_use_default_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
+			$universal_query_params = $this->_get_default_where_conditions();
+		} elseif ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
+			$universal_query_params = $this->_get_minimum_where_conditions();
+		}
+		foreach ($query_info_carrier->get_model_names_included() as $model_relation_path => $model_name) {
+			$related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
+			if ($this->_should_use_default_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
+				$related_model_universal_where_params =
+					$related_model->_get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
+			} elseif ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
+				$related_model_universal_where_params =
+					$related_model->_get_minimum_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
+			} else {
+				// we don't want to add full or even minimum default where conditions from this model, so just continue
+				continue;
+			}
+			$overrides              = $this->_override_defaults_or_make_null_friendly(
+				$related_model_universal_where_params,
+				$where_query_params,
+				$related_model,
+				$model_relation_path
+			);
+			$universal_query_params = EEH_Array::merge_arrays_and_overwrite_keys(
+				$universal_query_params,
+				$overrides
+			);
+		}
+		return $universal_query_params;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether or not we should use default where conditions for the model in question
+	 * (this model, or other related models).
+	 * Basically, we should use default where conditions on this model if they have requested to use them on all models,
+	 * this model only, or to use minimum where conditions on all other models and normal where conditions on this one.
+	 * We should use default where conditions on related models when they requested to use default where conditions
+	 * on all models, or specifically just on other related models
+	 *
+	 * @param      $default_where_conditions_value
+	 * @param bool $for_this_model false means this is for OTHER related models
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	private function _should_use_default_where_conditions($default_where_conditions_value, $for_this_model = true)
+	{
+		return (
+				   $for_this_model
+				   && in_array(
+					   $default_where_conditions_value,
+					   [
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_this_only,
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
+					   ],
+					   true
+				   )
+			   )
+			   || (
+				   ! $for_this_model
+				   && in_array(
+					   $default_where_conditions_value,
+					   [
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
+					   ],
+					   true
+				   )
+			   );
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether or not we should use default minimum conditions for the model in question
+	 * (this model, or other related models).
+	 * Basically, we should use minimum where conditions on this model only if they requested all models to use minimum
+	 * where conditions.
+	 * We should use minimum where conditions on related models if they requested to use minimum where conditions
+	 * on this model or others
+	 *
+	 * @param      $default_where_conditions_value
+	 * @param bool $for_this_model false means this is for OTHER related models
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	private function _should_use_minimum_where_conditions($default_where_conditions_value, $for_this_model = true)
+	{
+		return (
+				   $for_this_model
+				   && $default_where_conditions_value === EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all
+			   )
+			   || (
+				   ! $for_this_model
+				   && in_array(
+					   $default_where_conditions_value,
+					   [
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all,
+					   ],
+					   true
+				   )
+			   );
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if any of the defaults have been overridden. If there are any that AREN'T overridden,
+	 * then we also add a special where condition which allows for that model's primary key
+	 * to be null (which is important for JOINs. Eg, if you want to see all Events ordered by Venue's name,
+	 * then Event's with NO Venue won't appear unless you allow VNU_ID to be NULL)
+	 *
+	 * @param array    $default_where_conditions
+	 * @param array    $provided_where_conditions
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param string   $model_relation_path like 'Transaction.Payment.'
+	 * @return array @see
+	 *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _override_defaults_or_make_null_friendly(
+		$default_where_conditions,
+		$provided_where_conditions,
+		$model,
+		$model_relation_path
+	) {
+		$null_friendly_where_conditions = [];
+		$none_overridden                = true;
+		$or_condition_key_for_defaults  = 'OR*' . get_class($model);
+		foreach ($default_where_conditions as $key => $val) {
+			if (isset($provided_where_conditions[ $key ])) {
+				$none_overridden = false;
+			} else {
+				$null_friendly_where_conditions[ $or_condition_key_for_defaults ]['AND'][ $key ] = $val;
+			}
+		}
+		if ($none_overridden && $default_where_conditions) {
+			if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+				$null_friendly_where_conditions[ $or_condition_key_for_defaults ][ $model_relation_path
+																				   . "."
+																				   . $model->primary_key_name() ] =
+					['IS NULL'];
+			}/*else{
                 //@todo NO PK, use other defaults
             }*/
-        }
-        return $null_friendly_where_conditions;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Uses the _default_where_conditions_strategy set during __construct() to get
-     * default where conditions on all get_all, update, and delete queries done by this model.
-     * Use the same syntax as client code. Eg on the Event model, use array('Event.EVT_post_type'=>'esp_event'),
-     * NOT array('Event_CPT.post_type'=>'esp_event').
-     *
-     * @param string $model_relation_path eg, path from Event to Payment is "Registration.Transaction.Payment."
-     * @return array @see
-     *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     */
-    private function _get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path = '')
-    {
-        if ($this->_ignore_where_strategy) {
-            return [];
-        }
-        return $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy->get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Uses the _minimum_where_conditions_strategy set during __construct() to get
-     * minimum where conditions on all get_all, update, and delete queries done by this model.
-     * Use the same syntax as client code. Eg on the Event model, use array('Event.EVT_post_type'=>'esp_event'),
-     * NOT array('Event_CPT.post_type'=>'esp_event').
-     * Similar to _get_default_where_conditions
-     *
-     * @param string $model_relation_path eg, path from Event to Payment is "Registration.Transaction.Payment."
-     * @return array @see
-     *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     */
-    protected function _get_minimum_where_conditions($model_relation_path = '')
-    {
-        if ($this->_ignore_where_strategy) {
-            return [];
-        }
-        return $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy->get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Creates the string of SQL for the select part of a select query, everything behind SELECT and before FROM.
-     * Eg, "Event.post_id, Event.post_name,Event_Detail.EVT_ID..."
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _construct_default_select_sql(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info)
-    {
-        $selects = $this->_get_columns_to_select_for_this_model();
-        foreach (
-            $model_query_info->get_model_names_included() as $model_relation_chain => $name_of_other_model_included
-        ) {
-            $other_model_included = $this->get_related_model_obj($name_of_other_model_included);
-            $other_model_selects  = $other_model_included->_get_columns_to_select_for_this_model($model_relation_chain);
-            foreach ($other_model_selects as $key => $value) {
-                $selects[] = $value;
-            }
-        }
-        return implode(", ", $selects);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets an array of columns to select for this model, which are necessary for it to create its objects.
-     * So that's going to be the columns for all the fields on the model
-     *
-     * @param string $model_relation_chain like 'Question.Question_Group.Event'
-     * @return array numerically indexed, values are columns to select and rename, eg "Event.ID AS 'Event.ID'"
-     */
-    public function _get_columns_to_select_for_this_model($model_relation_chain = '')
-    {
-        $fields                                       = $this->field_settings();
-        $selects                                      = [];
-        $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix =
-            EE_Model_Parser::extract_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix(
-                $model_relation_chain,
-                $this->get_this_model_name()
-            );
-        foreach ($fields as $field_obj) {
-            $selects[] = $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
-                         . $field_obj->get_table_alias()
-                         . "."
-                         . $field_obj->get_table_column()
-                         . " AS '"
-                         . $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
-                         . $field_obj->get_table_alias()
-                         . "."
-                         . $field_obj->get_table_column()
-                         . "'";
-        }
-        // make sure we are also getting the PKs of each table
-        $tables = $this->get_tables();
-        if (count($tables) > 1) {
-            foreach ($tables as $table_obj) {
-                $qualified_pk_column = $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
-                                       . $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column();
-                if (! in_array($qualified_pk_column, $selects)) {
-                    $selects[] = "$qualified_pk_column AS '$qualified_pk_column'";
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $selects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Given a $query_param like 'Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID', pops off 'Registration.',
-     * gets the join statement for it; gets the data types for it; and passes the remaining 'Transaction.TXN_ID'
-     * onto its related Transaction object to do the same. Returns an EE_Join_And_Data_Types object which contains the
-     * SQL for joining, and the data types
-     *
-     * @param null|string                 $original_query_param
-     * @param string                      $query_param          like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info
-     * @param string                      $query_param_type     like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID
-     *                                                          or 'PAY_ID'. Otherwise, we don't expect there to be a
-     *                                                          column name. We only want model names, eg 'Event.Venue'
-     *                                                          or 'Registration's
-     * @param string                      $original_query_param what it originally was (eg
-     *                                                          Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID). If null, we assume it
-     *                                                          matches $query_param
-     * @return void only modifies the EEM_Related_Model_Info_Carrier passed into it
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-        $query_param,
-        EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info,
-        $query_param_type,
-        $original_query_param = null
-    ) {
-        if ($original_query_param === null) {
-            $original_query_param = $query_param;
-        }
-        $query_param = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param);
-        // check to see if we have a field on this model
-        $this_model_fields = $this->field_settings(true);
-        if (array_key_exists($query_param, $this_model_fields)) {
-            $field_is_allowed = in_array(
-                $query_param_type,
-                [0, 'where', 'having', 'order_by', 'group_by', 'order', 'custom_selects'],
-                true
-            );
-            if ($field_is_allowed) {
-                return;
-            }
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "Using a field name (%s) on model %s is not allowed on this query param type '%s'. Original query param was %s",
-                        "event_espresso"
-                    ),
-                    $query_param,
-                    get_class($this),
-                    $query_param_type,
-                    $original_query_param
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // check if this is a special logic query param
-        if (in_array($query_param, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
-            $operator_is_allowed = in_array($query_param_type, ['where', 'having', 0, 'custom_selects'], true);
-            if ($operator_is_allowed) {
-                return;
-            }
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'Logic query params ("%1$s") are being used incorrectly with the following query param ("%2$s") on model %3$s. %4$sAdditional Info:%4$s%5$s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    implode('", "', $this->_logic_query_param_keys),
-                    $query_param,
-                    get_class($this),
-                    '<br />',
-                    "\t"
-                    . ' $passed_in_query_info = <pre>'
-                    . print_r($passed_in_query_info, true)
-                    . '</pre>'
-                    . "\n\t"
-                    . ' $query_param_type = '
-                    . $query_param_type
-                    . "\n\t"
-                    . ' $original_query_param = '
-                    . $original_query_param
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // check if it's a custom selection
-        if (
-            $this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects
-            && in_array($query_param, $this->_custom_selections->columnAliases(), true)
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // check if has a model name at the beginning
-        // and
-        // check if it's a field on a related model
-        if (
-            $this->extractJoinModelFromQueryParams(
-                $passed_in_query_info,
-                $query_param,
-                $original_query_param,
-                $query_param_type
-            )
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // ok so $query_param didn't start with a model name
-        // and we previously confirmed it wasn't a logic query param or field on the current model
-        // it's wack, that's what it is
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    "There is no model named '%s' related to %s. Query param type is %s and original query param is %s",
-                    "event_espresso"
-                ),
-                $query_param,
-                get_class($this),
-                $query_param_type,
-                $original_query_param
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Extracts any possible join model information from the provided possible_join_string.
-     * This method will read the provided $possible_join_string value and determine if there are any possible model
-     * join
-     * parts that should be added to the query.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier
-     * @param string                      $possible_join_string  Such as Registration.REG_ID, or Registration
-     * @param null|string                 $original_query_param
-     * @param string                      $query_parameter_type  The type for the source of the $possible_join_string
-     *                                                           ('where', 'order_by', 'group_by', 'custom_selects'
-     *                                                           etc.)
-     * @return bool  returns true if a join was added and false if not.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function extractJoinModelFromQueryParams(
-        EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier,
-        $possible_join_string,
-        $original_query_param,
-        $query_parameter_type
-    ) {
-        foreach ($this->_model_relations as $valid_related_model_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if (strpos($possible_join_string, $valid_related_model_name . ".") === 0) {
-                $this->_add_join_to_model($valid_related_model_name, $query_info_carrier, $original_query_param);
-                $possible_join_string = substr($possible_join_string, strlen($valid_related_model_name . "."));
-                if ($possible_join_string === '') {
-                    // nothing left to $query_param
-                    // we should actually end in a field name, not a model like this!
-                    throw new EE_Error(
-                        sprintf(
-                            esc_html__(
-                                "Query param '%s' (of type %s on model %s) shouldn't end on a period (.) ",
-                                "event_espresso"
-                            ),
-                            $possible_join_string,
-                            $query_parameter_type,
-                            get_class($this),
-                            $valid_related_model_name
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                $related_model_obj = $this->get_related_model_obj($valid_related_model_name);
-                $related_model_obj->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-                    $possible_join_string,
-                    $query_info_carrier,
-                    $query_parameter_type,
-                    $original_query_param
-                );
-                return true;
-            }
-            if ($possible_join_string === $valid_related_model_name) {
-                $this->_add_join_to_model(
-                    $valid_related_model_name,
-                    $query_info_carrier,
-                    $original_query_param
-                );
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Extracts related models from Custom Selects and sets up any joins for those related models.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function extractRelatedModelsFromCustomSelects(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier)
-    {
-        if (
-            $this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects
-            && (
-                $this->_custom_selections->type() === CustomSelects::TYPE_STRUCTURED
-                || $this->_custom_selections->type() == CustomSelects::TYPE_COMPLEX
-            )
-        ) {
-            $original_selects = $this->_custom_selections->originalSelects();
-            foreach ($original_selects as $alias => $select_configuration) {
-                $this->extractJoinModelFromQueryParams(
-                    $query_info_carrier,
-                    $select_configuration[0],
-                    $select_configuration[0],
-                    'custom_selects'
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Privately used by _extract_related_model_info_from_query_param to add a join to $model_name
-     * and store it on $passed_in_query_info
-     *
-     * @param string                      $model_name
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info
-     * @param string                      $original_query_param used to extract the relation chain between the queried
-     *                                                          model and $model_name. Eg, if we are querying Event,
-     *                                                          and are adding a join to 'Payment' with the original
-     *                                                          query param key
-     *                                                          'Registration.Transaction.Payment.PAY_amount', we want
-     *                                                          to extract 'Registration.Transaction.Payment', in case
-     *                                                          Payment wants to add default query params so that it
-     *                                                          will know what models to prepend onto its default query
-     *                                                          params or in case it wants to rename tables (in case
-     *                                                          there are multiple joins to the same table)
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _add_join_to_model(
-        $model_name,
-        EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info,
-        $original_query_param
-    ) {
-        $relation_obj         = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
-        $model_relation_chain = EE_Model_Parser::extract_model_relation_chain($model_name, $original_query_param);
-        // check if the relation is HABTM, because then we're essentially doing two joins
-        // If so, join first to the JOIN table, and add its data types, and then continue as normal
-        if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_HABTM_Relation) {
-            $join_model_obj = $relation_obj->get_join_model();
-            // replace the model specified with the join model for this relation chain, whi
-            $relation_chain_to_join_model =
-                EE_Model_Parser::replace_model_name_with_join_model_name_in_model_relation_chain(
-                    $model_name,
-                    $join_model_obj->get_this_model_name(),
-                    $model_relation_chain
-                );
-            $passed_in_query_info->merge(
-                new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier(
-                    [$relation_chain_to_join_model => $join_model_obj->get_this_model_name()],
-                    $relation_obj->get_join_to_intermediate_model_statement($relation_chain_to_join_model)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // now just join to the other table pointed to by the relation object, and add its data types
-        $passed_in_query_info->merge(
-            new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier(
-                [$model_relation_chain => $model_name],
-                $relation_obj->get_join_statement($model_relation_chain)
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Constructs SQL for where clause, like "WHERE Event.ID = 23 AND Transaction.amount > 100" etc.
-     *
-     * @param array $where_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @return string of SQL
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _construct_where_clause($where_params)
-    {
-        $SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($where_params, ' AND ');
-        if ($SQL) {
-            return " WHERE " . $SQL;
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just like the _construct_where_clause, except prepends 'HAVING' instead of 'WHERE',
-     * and should be passed HAVING parameters, not WHERE parameters
-     *
-     * @param array $having_params
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _construct_having_clause($having_params)
-    {
-        $SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($having_params, ' AND ');
-        if ($SQL) {
-            return " HAVING " . $SQL;
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used for creating nested WHERE conditions. Eg "WHERE ! (Event.ID = 3 OR ( Event_Meta.meta_key = 'bob' AND
-     * Event_Meta.meta_value = 'foo'))"
-     *
-     * @param array  $where_params @see
-     *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @param string $glue         joins each subclause together. Should really only be " AND " or " OR "...
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string of SQL
-     */
-    private function _construct_condition_clause_recursive($where_params, $glue = ' AND')
-    {
-        $where_clauses = [];
-        foreach ($where_params as $query_param => $op_and_value_or_sub_condition) {
-            $query_param = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param);
-            if (in_array($query_param, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
-                switch ($query_param) {
-                    case 'not':
-                    case 'NOT':
-                        $where_clauses[] = "! ("
-                                           . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive(
-                                               $op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
-                                               $glue
-                                           )
-                                           . ")";
-                        break;
-                    case 'and':
-                    case 'AND':
-                        $where_clauses[] = " ("
-                                           . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive(
-                                               $op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
-                                               ' AND '
-                                           )
-                                           . ")";
-                        break;
-                    case 'or':
-                    case 'OR':
-                        $where_clauses[] = " ("
-                                           . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive(
-                                               $op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
-                                               ' OR '
-                                           )
-                                           . ")";
-                        break;
-                }
-            } else {
-                $field_obj = $this->_deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param);
-                // if it's not a normal field, maybe it's a custom selection?
-                if (! $field_obj) {
-                    if ($this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects) {
-                        $field_obj = $this->_custom_selections->getDataTypeForAlias($query_param);
-                    } else {
-                        throw new EE_Error(
-                            sprintf(
-                                esc_html__(
-                                    "%s is neither a valid model field name, nor a custom selection",
-                                    "event_espresso"
-                                ),
-                                $query_param
-                            )
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-                $op_and_value_sql = $this->_construct_op_and_value($op_and_value_or_sub_condition, $field_obj);
-                $where_clauses[]  = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param) . SP . $op_and_value_sql;
-            }
-        }
-        return $where_clauses ? implode($glue, $where_clauses) : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Takes the input parameter and extract the table name (alias) and column name
-     *
-     * @param string $query_param like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID, Event.Datetime.start_time, or REG_ID
-     * @return string table alias and column name for SQL, eg "Transaction.TXN_ID"
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param)
-    {
-        $field = $this->_deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param);
-        if ($field) {
-            $table_alias_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::extract_table_alias_model_relation_chain_from_query_param(
-                $field->get_model_name(),
-                $query_param
-            );
-            return $table_alias_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
-        }
-        if (
-            $this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects
-            && in_array($query_param, $this->_custom_selections->columnAliases(), true)
-        ) {
-            // maybe it's custom selection item?
-            // if so, just use it as the "column name"
-            return $query_param;
-        }
-        $custom_select_aliases = $this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects
-            ? implode(',', $this->_custom_selections->columnAliases())
-            : '';
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    "%s is not a valid field on this model, nor a custom selection (%s)",
-                    "event_espresso"
-                ),
-                $query_param,
-                $custom_select_aliases
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes the * and anything after it from the condition query param key. It is useful to add the * to condition
-     * query param keys (eg, 'OR*', 'EVT_ID') in order for the array keys to still be unique, so that they don't get
-     * overwritten Takes a string like 'Event.EVT_ID*', 'TXN_total**', 'OR*1st', and 'DTT_reg_start*foobar' to
-     * 'Event.EVT_ID', 'TXN_total', 'OR', and 'DTT_reg_start', respectively.
-     *
-     * @param string $condition_query_param_key
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($condition_query_param_key)
-    {
-        $pos_of_star = strpos($condition_query_param_key, '*');
-        if ($pos_of_star === false) {
-            return $condition_query_param_key;
-        }
-        $condition_query_param_sans_star = substr($condition_query_param_key, 0, $pos_of_star);
-        return $condition_query_param_sans_star;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * creates the SQL for the operator and the value in a WHERE clause, eg "< 23" or "LIKE '%monkey%'"
-     *
-     * @param mixed      array | string    $op_and_value
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj . If string, should be one of EEM_Base::_valid_wpdb_data_types
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _construct_op_and_value($op_and_value, $field_obj)
-    {
-        if (is_array($op_and_value)) {
-            $operator = isset($op_and_value[0]) ? $this->_prepare_operator_for_sql($op_and_value[0]) : null;
-            if (! $operator) {
-                $php_array_like_string = [];
-                foreach ($op_and_value as $key => $value) {
-                    $php_array_like_string[] = "$key=>$value";
-                }
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "You setup a query parameter like you were going to specify an operator, but didn't. You provided '(%s)', but the operator should be at array key index 0 (eg array('>',32))",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        implode(",", $php_array_like_string)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $value = isset($op_and_value[1]) ? $op_and_value[1] : null;
-        } else {
-            $operator = '=';
-            $value    = $op_and_value;
-        }
-        // check to see if the value is actually another field
-        if (is_array($op_and_value) && isset($op_and_value[2]) && $op_and_value[2] == true) {
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($value);
-        }
-        if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && is_array($value)) {
-            // in this case, the value should be an array, or at least a comma-separated list
-            // it will need to handle a little differently
-            $cleaned_value = $this->_construct_in_value($value, $field_obj);
-            // note: $cleaned_value has already been run through $wpdb->prepare()
-            return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
-        }
-        if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_between_style_operators()) && is_array($value)) {
-            // the value should be an array with count of two.
-            if (count($value) !== 2) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "The '%s' operator must be used with an array of values and there must be exactly TWO values in that array.",
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        "BETWEEN"
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $cleaned_value = $this->_construct_between_value($value, $field_obj);
-            return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
-        }
-        if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_null_style_operators())) {
-            if ($value !== null) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "You attempted to give a value  (%s) while using a NULL-style operator (%s). That isn't valid",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        $value,
-                        $operator
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            return $operator;
-        }
-        if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_like_style_operators()) && ! is_array($value)) {
-            // if the operator is 'LIKE', we want to allow percent signs (%) and not
-            // remove other junk. So just treat it as a string.
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, '%s');
-        }
-        if (! in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && ! is_array($value)) {
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
-        }
-        if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && ! is_array($value)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "Operator '%s' must be used with an array of values, eg 'Registration.REG_ID' => array('%s',array(1,2,3))",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $operator,
-                    $operator
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if (! in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && is_array($value)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "Operator '%s' must be used with a single value, not an array. Eg 'Registration.REG_ID => array('%s',23))",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $operator,
-                    $operator
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    "It appears you've provided some totally invalid query parameters. Operator and value were:'%s', which isn't right at all",
-                    "event_espresso"
-                ),
-                http_build_query($op_and_value)
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Creates the operands to be used in a BETWEEN query, eg "'2014-12-31 20:23:33' AND '2015-01-23 12:32:54'"
-     *
-     * @param array                      $values
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string, it should be the datatype to be used when querying, eg
-     *                                              '%s'
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _construct_between_value($values, $field_obj)
-    {
-        $cleaned_values = [];
-        foreach ($values as $value) {
-            $cleaned_values[] = $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
-        }
-        return $cleaned_values[0] . " AND " . $cleaned_values[1];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Takes an array or a comma-separated list of $values and cleans them
-     * according to $data_type using $wpdb->prepare, and then makes the list a
-     * string surrounded by ( and ). Eg, _construct_in_value(array(1,2,3),'%d') would
-     * return '(1,2,3)'; _construct_in_value("1,2,hack",'%d') would return '(1,2,1)' (assuming
-     * I'm right that a string, when interpreted as a digit, becomes a 1. It might become a 0)
-     *
-     * @param mixed                      $values    array or comma-separated string
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string, it should be a wpdb data type like '%s', or '%d'
-     * @return string of SQL to follow an 'IN' or 'NOT IN' operator
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _construct_in_value($values, $field_obj)
-    {
-        $prepped = [];
-        // check if the value is a CSV list
-        if (is_string($values)) {
-            // in which case, turn it into an array
-            $values = explode(',', $values);
-        }
-        // make sure we only have one of each value in the list
-        $values = array_unique($values);
-        foreach ($values as $value) {
-            $prepped[] = $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
-        }
-        // we would just LOVE to leave $cleaned_values as an empty array, and return the value as "()",
-        // but unfortunately that's invalid SQL. So instead we return a string which we KNOW will evaluate to be the empty set
-        // which is effectively equivalent to returning "()". We don't return "(0)" because that only works for auto-incrementing columns
-        if (empty($prepped)) {
-            $all_fields  = $this->field_settings();
-            $first_field = reset($all_fields);
-            $main_table  = $this->_get_main_table();
-            $prepped[]   = "SELECT {$first_field->get_table_column()} FROM {$main_table->get_table_name()} WHERE FALSE";
-        }
-        return '(' . implode(',', $prepped) . ')';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param mixed                      $value
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string it should be a wpdb data type like '%d'
-     * @return false|null|string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj)
-    {
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            return $wpdb->prepare(
-                $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type(),
-                $this->_prepare_value_for_use_in_db($value, $field_obj)
-            );
-        } //$field_obj should really just be a data type
-        if (! in_array($field_obj, $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__("%s is not a valid wpdb datatype. Valid ones are %s", "event_espresso"),
-                    $field_obj,
-                    implode(",", $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $wpdb->prepare($field_obj, $value);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Takes the input parameter and finds the model field that it indicates.
-     *
-     * @param string $query_param_name like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID, Event.Datetime.start_time, or REG_ID
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param_name)
-    {
-        // ok, now proceed with deducing which part is the model's name, and which is the field's name
-        // which will help us find the database table and column
-        $query_param_parts = explode(".", $query_param_name);
-        if (empty($query_param_parts)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "_extract_column_name is empty when trying to extract column and table name from %s",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $query_param_name
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $number_of_parts       = count($query_param_parts);
-        $last_query_param_part = $query_param_parts[ count($query_param_parts) - 1 ];
-        if ($number_of_parts === 1) {
-            $field_name = $last_query_param_part;
-            $model_obj  = $this;
-        } else {// $number_of_parts >= 2
-            // the last part is the column name, and there are only 2parts. therefore...
-            $field_name = $last_query_param_part;
-            $model_obj  = $this->get_related_model_obj($query_param_parts[ $number_of_parts - 2 ]);
-        }
-        try {
-            return $model_obj->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Given a field's name (ie, a key in $this->field_settings()), uses the EE_Model_Field object to get the table's
-     * alias and column which corresponds to it
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _get_qualified_column_for_field($field_name)
-    {
-        $all_fields = $this->field_settings();
-        $field      = isset($all_fields[ $field_name ]) ? $all_fields[ $field_name ] : false;
-        if ($field) {
-            return $field->get_qualified_column();
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    "There is no field titled %s on model %s. Either the query trying to use it is bad, or you need to add it to the list of fields on the model.",
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                $field_name,
-                get_class($this)
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * similar to \EEM_Base::_get_qualified_column_for_field() but returns an array with data for ALL fields.
-     * Example usage:
-     * EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results(
-     *      array(),
-     *      ARRAY_A,
-     *      EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields()
-     *  );
-     * is equivalent to
-     *  EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results( array(), ARRAY_A, '*' );
-     * and
-     *  EEM_Event::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results(
-     *      array(
-     *          array(
-     *              'Datetime.Ticket.TKT_ID' => array( '<', 100 ),
-     *          ),
-     *          ARRAY_A,
-     *          implode(
-     *              ', ',
-     *              array_merge(
-     *                  EEM_Event::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields( '', false ),
-     *                  EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields( 'Datetime', false )
-     *              )
-     *          )
-     *      )
-     *  );
-     * selects rows from the database, selecting all the event and ticket columns, where the ticket ID is below 100
-     *
-     * @param string $model_relation_chain        the chain of models used to join between the model you want to query
-     *                                            and the one whose fields you are selecting for example: when querying
-     *                                            tickets model and selecting fields from the tickets model you would
-     *                                            leave this parameter empty, because no models are needed to join
-     *                                            between the queried model and the selected one. Likewise when
-     *                                            querying the datetime model and selecting fields from the tickets
-     *                                            model, it would also be left empty, because there is a direct
-     *                                            relation from datetimes to tickets, so no model is needed to join
-     *                                            them together. However, when querying from the event model and
-     *                                            selecting fields from the ticket model, you should provide the string
-     *                                            'Datetime', indicating that the event model must first join to the
-     *                                            datetime model in order to find its relation to ticket model.
-     *                                            Also, when querying from the venue model and selecting fields from
-     *                                            the ticket model, you should provide the string 'Event.Datetime',
-     *                                            indicating you need to join the venue model to the event model,
-     *                                            to the datetime model, in order to find its relation to the ticket
-     *                                            model. This string is used to deduce the prefix that gets added onto
-     *                                            the models' tables qualified columns
-     * @param bool   $return_string               if true, will return a string with qualified column names separated
-     *                                            by ', ' if false, will simply return a numerically indexed array of
-     *                                            qualified column names
-     * @return array|string
-     */
-    public function get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields($model_relation_chain = '', $return_string = true)
-    {
-        $table_prefix      = str_replace('.', '__', $model_relation_chain) . (empty($model_relation_chain) ? '' : '__');
-        $qualified_columns = [];
-        foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_name => $field) {
-            $qualified_columns[] = $table_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
-        }
-        return $return_string ? implode(', ', $qualified_columns) : $qualified_columns;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * constructs the select use on special limit joins
-     * NOTE: for now this has only been tested and will work when the  table alias is for the PRIMARY table. Although
-     * its setup so the select query will be setup on and just doing the special select join off of the primary table
-     * (as that is typically where the limits would be set).
-     *
-     * @param string       $table_alias The table the select is being built for
-     * @param mixed|string $limit       The limit for this select
-     * @return string                The final select join element for the query.
-     */
-    public function _construct_limit_join_select($table_alias, $limit)
-    {
-        $SQL = '';
-        foreach ($this->_tables as $table_obj) {
-            if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Primary_Table) {
-                $SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
-                    ? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit($limit)
-                    : SP . $table_obj->get_table_name() . " AS " . $table_obj->get_table_alias() . SP;
-            } elseif ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
-                $SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
-                    ? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit_join($limit)
-                    : SP . $table_obj->get_join_sql($table_alias) . SP;
-            }
-        }
-        return $SQL;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Constructs the internal join if there are multiple tables, or simply the table's name and alias
-     * Eg "wp_post AS Event" or "wp_post AS Event INNER JOIN wp_postmeta Event_Meta ON Event.ID = Event_Meta.post_id"
-     *
-     * @return string SQL
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _construct_internal_join()
-    {
-        $SQL = $this->_get_main_table()->get_table_sql();
-        $SQL .= $this->_construct_internal_join_to_table_with_alias($this->_get_main_table()->get_table_alias());
-        return $SQL;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Constructs the SQL for joining all the tables on this model.
-     * Normally $alias should be the primary table's alias, but in cases where
-     * we have already joined to a secondary table (eg, the secondary table has a foreign key and is joined before the
-     * primary table) then we should provide that secondary table's alias. Eg, with $alias being the primary table's
-     * alias, this will construct SQL like:
-     * " INNER JOIN wp_esp_secondary_table AS Secondary_Table ON Primary_Table.pk = Secondary_Table.fk".
-     * With $alias being a secondary table's alias, this will construct SQL like:
-     * " INNER JOIN wp_esp_primary_table AS Primary_Table ON Primary_Table.pk = Secondary_Table.fk".
-     *
-     * @param string $alias_prefixed table alias to join to (this table should already be in the FROM SQL clause)
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function _construct_internal_join_to_table_with_alias($alias_prefixed)
-    {
-        $SQL               = '';
-        $alias_sans_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::remove_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix($alias_prefixed);
-        foreach ($this->_tables as $table_obj) {
-            if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {// table is secondary table
-                if ($alias_sans_prefix === $table_obj->get_table_alias()) {
-                    // so we're joining to this table, meaning the table is already in
-                    // the FROM statement, BUT the primary table isn't. So we want
-                    // to add the inverse join sql
-                    $SQL .= $table_obj->get_inverse_join_sql($alias_prefixed);
-                } else {
-                    // just add a regular JOIN to this table from the primary table
-                    $SQL .= $table_obj->get_join_sql($alias_prefixed);
-                }
-            }//if it's a primary table, dont add any SQL. it should already be in the FROM statement
-        }
-        return $SQL;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets an array for storing all the data types on the next-to-be-executed-query.
-     * This should be a growing array of keys being table-columns (eg 'EVT_ID' and 'Event.EVT_ID'), and values being
-     * their data type (eg, '%s', '%d', etc)
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function _get_data_types()
-    {
-        $data_types = [];
-        foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_obj) {
-            // $data_types[$field_obj->get_table_column()] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
-            /** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
-            $data_types[ $field_obj->get_qualified_column() ] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
-        }
-        return $data_types;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model object given the relation's name / model's name (eg, 'Event', 'Registration',etc. Always singular)
-     *
-     * @param string $model_name
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_related_model_obj($model_name)
-    {
-        $model_classname = "EEM_" . $model_name;
-        if (! class_exists($model_classname)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "You specified a related model named %s in your query. No such model exists, if it did, it would have the classname %s",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $model_name,
-                    $model_classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return call_user_func($model_classname . "::instance");
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the array of EE_ModelRelations for this model.
-     *
-     * @return EE_Model_Relation_Base[]
-     */
-    public function relation_settings()
-    {
-        return $this->_model_relations;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all related models that this model BELONGS TO. Handy to know sometimes
-     * because without THOSE models, this model probably doesn't have much purpose.
-     * (Eg, without an event, datetimes have little purpose.)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Belongs_To_Relation[]
-     */
-    public function belongs_to_relations()
-    {
-        $belongs_to_relations = [];
-        foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $model_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $belongs_to_relations[ $model_name ] = $relation_obj;
-            }
-        }
-        return $belongs_to_relations;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the specified EE_Model_Relation, or throws an exception
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name name of relation, key in $this->_relatedModels
-     * @return EE_Model_Relation_Base
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function related_settings_for($relation_name)
-    {
-        $relatedModels = $this->relation_settings();
-        if (! array_key_exists($relation_name, $relatedModels)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'Cannot get %s related to %s. There is no model relation of that type. There is, however, %s...',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $relation_name,
-                    $this->_get_class_name(),
-                    implode(', ', array_keys($relatedModels))
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $relatedModels[ $relation_name ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * A convenience method for getting a specific field's settings, instead of getting all field settings for all
-     * fields
-     *
-     * @param string  $fieldName
-     * @param boolean $include_db_only_fields
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function field_settings_for($fieldName, $include_db_only_fields = true)
-    {
-        $fieldSettings = $this->field_settings($include_db_only_fields);
-        if (! array_key_exists($fieldName, $fieldSettings)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__("There is no field/column '%s' on '%s'", 'event_espresso'),
-                    $fieldName,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $fieldSettings[ $fieldName ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if this field exists on this model
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldName a key in the model's _field_settings array
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function has_field($fieldName)
-    {
-        $fieldSettings = $this->field_settings(true);
-        if (isset($fieldSettings[ $fieldName ])) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether or not this model has a relation to the specified model
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name possibly one of the keys in the relation_settings array
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function has_relation($relation_name)
-    {
-        $relations = $this->relation_settings();
-        if (isset($relations[ $relation_name ])) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * gets the field object of type 'primary_key' from the fieldsSettings attribute.
-     * Eg, on EE_Answer that would be ANS_ID field object
-     *
-     * @param $field_obj
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_primary_key_field($field_obj)
-    {
-        return $field_obj instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base ? true : false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * gets the field object of type 'primary_key' from the fieldsSettings attribute.
-     * Eg, on EE_Answer that would be ANS_ID field object
-     *
-     * @return EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_primary_key_field()
-    {
-        if ($this->_primary_key_field === null) {
-            foreach ($this->field_settings(true) as $field_obj) {
-                if ($this->is_primary_key_field($field_obj)) {
-                    $this->_primary_key_field = $field_obj;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (! $this->_primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__("There is no Primary Key defined on model %s", 'event_espresso'),
-                        get_class($this)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_primary_key_field;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether or not not there is a primary key on this model.
-     * Internally does some caching.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function has_primary_key_field()
-    {
-        if ($this->_has_primary_key_field === null) {
-            try {
-                $this->get_primary_key_field();
-                $this->_has_primary_key_field = true;
-            } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-                $this->_has_primary_key_field = false;
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_has_primary_key_field;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Finds the first field of type $field_class_name.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_class_name class name of field that you want to find. Eg, EE_Datetime_Field,
-     *                                 EE_Foreign_Key_Field, etc
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base or null if none is found
-     */
-    public function get_a_field_of_type($field_class_name)
-    {
-        foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field) {
-            if ($field instanceof $field_class_name) {
-                return $field;
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a foreign key field pointing to model.
-     *
-     * @param string $model_name eg Event, Registration, not EEM_Event
-     * @return EE_Foreign_Key_Field_Base
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_foreign_key_to($model_name)
-    {
-        if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ])) {
-            foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field) {
-                if (
-                    $field instanceof EE_Foreign_Key_Field_Base
-                    && in_array($model_name, $field->get_model_names_pointed_to())
-                ) {
-                    $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ] = $field;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ])) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "There is no foreign key field pointing to model %s on model %s",
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $model_name,
-                        get_class($this)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the table name (including $wpdb->prefix) for the table alias
-     *
-     * @param string $table_alias eg Event, Event_Meta, Registration, Transaction, but maybe
-     *                            a table alias with a model chain prefix, like 'Venue__Event_Venue___Event_Meta'.
-     *                            Either one works
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_table_for_alias($table_alias)
-    {
-        $table_alias_sans_model_relation_chain_prefix =
-            EE_Model_Parser::remove_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix($table_alias);
-        return $this->_tables[ $table_alias_sans_model_relation_chain_prefix ]->get_table_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a flat array of all field son this model, instead of organizing them
-     * by table_alias as they are in the constructor.
-     *
-     * @param bool $include_db_only_fields flag indicating whether or not to include the db-only fields
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[] where the keys are the field's name
-     */
-    public function field_settings($include_db_only_fields = false)
-    {
-        if ($include_db_only_fields) {
-            if ($this->_cached_fields === null) {
-                $this->_cached_fields = [];
-                foreach ($this->_fields as $fields_corresponding_to_table) {
-                    foreach ($fields_corresponding_to_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                        $this->_cached_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return $this->_cached_fields;
-        }
-        if ($this->_cached_fields_non_db_only === null) {
-            $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only = [];
-            foreach ($this->_fields as $fields_corresponding_to_table) {
-                foreach ($fields_corresponding_to_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                    /** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
-                        $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only[ $field_name ] = $field_obj;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        cycle though array of attendees and create objects out of each item
-     *
-     * @access        private
-     * @param array $rows        of results of $wpdb->get_results($query,ARRAY_A)
-     * @return \EE_Base_Class[] array keys are primary keys (if there is a primary key on the model. if not,
-     *                           numerically indexed)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _create_objects($rows = [])
-    {
-        $array_of_objects = [];
-        if (empty($rows)) {
-            return [];
-        }
-        $count_if_model_has_no_primary_key = 0;
-        $has_primary_key                   = $this->has_primary_key_field();
-        $primary_key_field                 = $has_primary_key ? $this->get_primary_key_field() : null;
-        foreach ((array) $rows as $row) {
-            if (empty($row)) {
-                // wp did its weird thing where it returns an array like array(0=>null), which is totally not helpful...
-                return [];
-            }
-            // check if we've already set this object in the results array,
-            // in which case there's no need to process it further (again)
-            if ($has_primary_key) {
-                $table_pk_value = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
-                    $row,
-                    $primary_key_field->get_qualified_column(),
-                    $primary_key_field->get_table_column()
-                );
-                if ($table_pk_value && isset($array_of_objects[ $table_pk_value ])) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-            }
-            $classInstance = $this->instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($row);
-            if (! $classInstance) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__('Could not create instance of class %s from row %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                        $this->get_this_model_name(),
-                        http_build_query($row)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            // set the timezone on the instantiated objects
-            $classInstance->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-            // make sure if there is any timezone setting present that we set the timezone for the object
-            $key                      = $has_primary_key ? $classInstance->ID() : $count_if_model_has_no_primary_key++;
-            $array_of_objects[ $key ] = $classInstance;
-            // also, for all the relations of type BelongsTo, see if we can cache
-            // those related models
-            // (we could do this for other relations too, but if there are conditions
-            // that filtered out some fo the results, then we'd be caching an incomplete set
-            // so it requires a little more thought than just caching them immediately...)
-            foreach ($this->_model_relations as $modelName => $relation_obj) {
-                if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    // check if this model's INFO is present. If so, cache it on the model
-                    $other_model           = $relation_obj->get_other_model();
-                    $other_model_obj_maybe = $other_model->instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($row);
-                    // if we managed to make a model object from the results, cache it on the main model object
-                    if ($other_model_obj_maybe) {
-                        // set timezone on these other model objects if they are present
-                        $other_model_obj_maybe->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                        $classInstance->cache($modelName, $other_model_obj_maybe);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            // also, if this was a custom select query, let's see if there are any results for the custom select fields
-            // and add them to the object as well.  We'll convert according to the set data_type if there's any set for
-            // the field in the CustomSelects object
-            if ($this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects) {
-                $classInstance->setCustomSelectsValues(
-                    $this->getValuesForCustomSelectAliasesFromResults($row)
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $array_of_objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will parse a given row of results from the db and see if any keys in the results match an alias within the
-     * current CustomSelects object. This will be used to build an array of values indexed by those keys.
-     *
-     * @param array $db_results_row
-     * @return array
-     */
-    protected function getValuesForCustomSelectAliasesFromResults(array $db_results_row)
-    {
-        $results = [];
-        if ($this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects) {
-            foreach ($this->_custom_selections->columnAliases() as $alias) {
-                if (isset($db_results_row[ $alias ])) {
-                    $results[ $alias ] = $this->convertValueToDataType(
-                        $db_results_row[ $alias ],
-                        $this->_custom_selections->getDataTypeForAlias($alias)
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $results;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will set the value for the given alias
-     *
-     * @param string $value
-     * @param string $datatype (one of %d, %s, %f)
-     * @return int|string|float (int for %d, string for %s, float for %f)
-     */
-    protected function convertValueToDataType($value, $datatype)
-    {
-        switch ($datatype) {
-            case '%f':
-                return (float) $value;
-            case '%d':
-                return (int) $value;
-            default:
-                return (string) $value;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * The purpose of this method is to allow us to create a model object that is not in the db that holds default
-     * values. A typical example of where this is used is when creating a new item and the initial load of a form.  We
-     * dont' necessarily want to test for if the object is present but just assume it is BUT load the defaults from the
-     * object (as set in the model_field!).
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class single EE_Base_Class object with default values for the properties.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function create_default_object()
-    {
-        $this_model_fields_and_values = [];
-        // setup the row using default values;
-        foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            $this_model_fields_and_values[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-        }
-        $className     = $this->_get_class_name();
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_class(
-            $className,
-            [$this_model_fields_and_values],
-            false,
-            false
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param mixed $cols_n_values either an array of where each key is the name of a field, and the value is its value
-     *                             or an stdClass where each property is the name of a column,
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($cols_n_values)
-    {
-        if (! is_array($cols_n_values) && is_object($cols_n_values)) {
-            $cols_n_values = get_object_vars($cols_n_values);
-        }
-        $primary_key = null;
-        // make sure the array only has keys that are fields/columns on this model
-        $this_model_fields_n_values = $this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values);
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($this_model_fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ])) {
-            $primary_key = $this_model_fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ];
-        }
-        $className = $this->_get_class_name();
-        // check we actually found results that we can use to build our model object
-        // if not, return null
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if (empty($this_model_fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ])) {
-                return null;
-            }
-        } elseif ($this->unique_indexes()) {
-            $first_column = reset($this_model_fields_n_values);
-            if (empty($first_column)) {
-                return null;
-            }
-        }
-        // if there is no primary key or the object doesn't already exist in the entity map, then create a new instance
-        if ($primary_key) {
-            $classInstance = $this->get_from_entity_map($primary_key);
-            if (! $classInstance) {
-                $classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
-                                            ->load_class(
-                                                $className,
-                                                [$this_model_fields_n_values, $this->_timezone],
-                                                true,
-                                                false
-                                            );
-                // add this new object to the entity map
-                $classInstance = $this->add_to_entity_map($classInstance);
-            }
-        } else {
-            $classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
-                                        ->load_class(
-                                            $className,
-                                            [$this_model_fields_n_values, $this->_timezone],
-                                            true,
-                                            false
-                                        );
-        }
-        return $classInstance;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model object from the  entity map if it exists
-     *
-     * @param int|string $id the ID of the model object
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     */
-    public function get_from_entity_map($id)
-    {
-        return isset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ])
-            ? $this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ] : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * add_to_entity_map
-     * Adds the object to the model's entity mappings
-     *        Effectively tells the models "Hey, this model object is the most up-to-date representation of the data,
-     *        and for the remainder of the request, it's even more up-to-date than what's in the database.
-     *        So, if the database doesn't agree with what's in the entity mapper, ignore the database"
-     *        If the database gets updated directly and you want the entity mapper to reflect that change,
-     *        then this method should be called immediately after the update query
-     * Note: The map is indexed by whatever the current blog id is set (via EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id).  This is
-     * so on multisite, the entity map is specific to the query being done for a specific site.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $object
-     * @return \EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function add_to_entity_map(EE_Base_Class $object)
-    {
-        $className = $this->_get_class_name();
-        if (! $object instanceof $className) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__("You tried adding a %s to a mapping of %ss", "event_espresso"),
-                    is_object($object) ? get_class($object) : $object,
-                    $className
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        /** @var $object EE_Base_Class */
-        if (! $object->ID()) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "You tried storing a model object with NO ID in the %s entity mapper.",
-                        "event_espresso"
-                    ),
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // double check it's not already there
-        $classInstance = $this->get_from_entity_map($object->ID());
-        if ($classInstance) {
-            return $classInstance;
-        }
-        $this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $object->ID() ] = $object;
-        return $object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * if a valid identifier is provided, then that entity is unset from the entity map,
-     * if no identifier is provided, then the entire entity map is emptied
-     *
-     * @param int|string $id the ID of the model object
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function clear_entity_map($id = null)
-    {
-        if (empty($id)) {
-            $this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ] = [];
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (isset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ])) {
-            unset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ]);
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Public wrapper for _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values.
-     * Given an array where keys are column (or column alias) names and values,
-     * returns an array of their corresponding field names and database values
-     *
-     * @param array $cols_n_values
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values(array $cols_n_values): array
-    {
-        return $this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values
-     * Given an array where keys are column (or column alias) names and values,
-     * returns an array of their corresponding field names and database values
-     *
-     * @param array $cols_n_values
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values(array $cols_n_values): array
-    {
-        $this_model_fields_n_values = [];
-        foreach ($this->get_tables() as $table_alias => $table_obj) {
-            $table_pk_value = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
-                $cols_n_values,
-                $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column(),
-                $table_obj->get_pk_column()
-            );
-            // there is a primary key on this table and its not set. Use defaults for all its columns
-            if ($table_pk_value === null && $table_obj->get_pk_column()) {
-                foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
-                        // prepare field as if its coming from db
-                        $prepared_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_obj->get_default_value());
-                        $this_model_fields_n_values[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->prepare_for_use_in_db($prepared_value);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                // the table's rows existed. Use their values
-                foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
-                        $this_model_fields_n_values[ $field_name ] = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
-                            $cols_n_values,
-                            $field_obj->get_qualified_column(),
-                            $field_obj->get_table_column()
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $this_model_fields_n_values;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array $cols_n_values
-     * @param $qualified_column
-     * @param $regular_column
-     * @return null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(array $cols_n_values, $qualified_column, $regular_column)
-    {
-        $value = null;
-        // ask the field what it think it's table_name.column_name should be, and call it the "qualified column"
-        // does the field on the model relate to this column retrieved from the db?
-        // or is it a db-only field? (not relating to the model)
-        if (isset($cols_n_values[ $qualified_column ])) {
-            $value = $cols_n_values[ $qualified_column ];
-        } elseif (isset($cols_n_values[ $regular_column ])) {
-            $value = $cols_n_values[ $regular_column ];
-        } elseif (! empty($this->foreign_key_aliases)) {
-            // no PK?  ok check if there is a foreign key alias set for this table
-            // then check if that alias exists in the incoming data
-            // AND that the actual PK the $FK_alias represents matches the $qualified_column (full PK)
-            foreach ($this->foreign_key_aliases as $FK_alias => $PK_column) {
-                if ($PK_column === $qualified_column && isset($cols_n_values[ $FK_alias ])) {
-                    $value = $cols_n_values[ $FK_alias ];
-                    [$pk_class] = explode('.', $PK_column);
-                    $pk_model_name = "EEM_{$pk_class}";
-                    /** @var EEM_Base $pk_model */
-                    $pk_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($pk_model_name);
-                    if ($pk_model instanceof EEM_Base) {
-                        // make sure object is pulled from db and added to entity map
-                        $pk_model->get_one_by_ID($value);
-                    }
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * refresh_entity_map_from_db
-     * Makes sure the model object in the entity map at $id assumes the values
-     * of the database (opposite of EE_base_Class::save())
-     *
-     * @param int|string $id
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class|mixed|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function refresh_entity_map_from_db($id)
-    {
-        $obj_in_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        if ($obj_in_map) {
-            $wpdb_results = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results(
-                [[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id], 'limit' => 1]
-            );
-            if ($wpdb_results && is_array($wpdb_results)) {
-                $one_row = reset($wpdb_results);
-                foreach ($this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($one_row) as $field_name => $db_value) {
-                    $obj_in_map->set_from_db($field_name, $db_value);
-                }
-                // clear the cache of related model objects
-                foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-                    $obj_in_map->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
-                }
-            }
-            $this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ] = $obj_in_map;
-            return $obj_in_map;
-        }
-        return $this->get_one_by_ID($id);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * refresh_entity_map_with
-     * Leaves the entry in the entity map alone, but updates it to match the provided
-     * $replacing_model_obj (which we assume to be its equivalent but somehow NOT in the entity map).
-     * This is useful if you have a model object you want to make authoritative over what's in the entity map currently.
-     * Note: The old $replacing_model_obj should now be destroyed as it's now un-authoritative
-     *
-     * @param int|string    $id
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $replacing_model_obj
-     * @return \EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function refresh_entity_map_with($id, $replacing_model_obj)
-    {
-        $obj_in_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        if ($obj_in_map) {
-            if ($replacing_model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                foreach ($replacing_model_obj->model_field_array() as $field_name => $value) {
-                    $obj_in_map->set($field_name, $value);
-                }
-                // make the model object in the entity map's cache match the $replacing_model_obj
-                foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-                    $obj_in_map->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
-                    foreach ($replacing_model_obj->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $cache_id => $cached_obj) {
-                        $obj_in_map->cache($relation_name, $cached_obj, $cache_id);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return $obj_in_map;
-        }
-        $this->add_to_entity_map($replacing_model_obj);
-        return $replacing_model_obj;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the EE class that corresponds to this model. Eg, for EEM_Answer that
-     * would be EE_Answer.To import that class, you'd just add ".class.php" to the name, like so
-     * require_once($this->_getClassName().".class.php");
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _get_class_name()
-    {
-        return "EE_" . $this->get_this_model_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the name of the items this model represents, for the quantity specified. Eg,
-     * if $quantity==1, on EEM_Event, it would 'Event' (internationalized), otherwise
-     * it would be 'Events'.
-     *
-     * @param int|float|null $quantity
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function item_name($quantity = 1): string
-    {
-        $quantity = floor($quantity);
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EEM_Base__item_name__plural_or_singular',
-            $quantity > 1 ? $this->plural_item : $this->singular_item,
-            $quantity,
-            $this->plural_item,
-            $this->singular_item
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_TempBase.
-     * If a method is called on a child of EE_TempBase that doesn't exist, this function is called
-     * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments. Instead of
-     * requiring a plugin to extend the EE_TempBase (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that
-     * happen?) they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}' (eg,
-     * filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function) and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function
-     * was called, and an array of the original arguments passed to the function. Whatever their callback function
-     * returns will be returned by this function. Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
-     * add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3); function
-     * my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_TempBase $object,$argsArray){
-     * $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
-     *        return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
-     * }
-     * require('EEM_Answer.model.php');
-     * echo EEM_Answer::instance()->my_callback('monkeys',100);
-     * // will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
-     *
-     * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_TempBase, but which
-     * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
-     * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __call($methodName, $args)
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        $tagName   = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'Method %1$s on model %2$s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: %4$s function my_callback(%4$s \$previousReturnValue, EEM_Base \$object\ $argsArray=NULL ){%4$s     /*function body*/%4$s      return \$whatever;%4$s }%4$s add_filter( \'%3$s\', \'my_callback\', 10, 3 );',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $methodName,
-                    $className,
-                    $tagName,
-                    '<br />'
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Ensures $base_class_obj_or_id is of the EE_Base_Class child that corresponds ot this model.
-     * If not, assumes its an ID, and uses $this->get_one_by_ID() to get the EE_Base_Class.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|string|int $base_class_obj_or_id either:
-     *                                                       the EE_Base_Class object that corresponds to this Model,
-     *                                                       the object's class name
-     *                                                       or object's ID
-     * @param boolean                  $ensure_is_in_db      if set, we will also verify this model object
-     *                                                       exists in the database. If it does not, we add it
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ensure_is_obj($base_class_obj_or_id, $ensure_is_in_db = false)
-    {
-        $className = $this->_get_class_name();
-        if ($base_class_obj_or_id instanceof $className) {
-            $model_object = $base_class_obj_or_id;
-        } else {
-            $primary_key_field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
-            if (
-                $primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Int_Field
-                && (
-                    is_int($base_class_obj_or_id)
-                    || is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)
-                )
-            ) {
-                // assume it's an ID.
-                // either a proper integer or a string representing an integer (eg "101" instead of 101)
-                $model_object = $this->get_one_by_ID($base_class_obj_or_id);
-            } elseif (
-                $primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_String_Field
-                && is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)
-            ) {
-                // assume its a string representation of the object
-                $model_object = $this->get_one_by_ID($base_class_obj_or_id);
-            } else {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "'%s' is neither an object of type %s, nor an ID! Its full value is '%s'",
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $base_class_obj_or_id,
-                        $this->_get_class_name(),
-                        print_r($base_class_obj_or_id, true)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        if ($ensure_is_in_db && $model_object->ID() !== null) {
-            $model_object->save();
-        }
-        return $model_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Similar to ensure_is_obj(), this method makes sure $base_class_obj_or_id
-     * is a value of the this model's primary key. If it's an EE_Base_Class child,
-     * returns it ID.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $base_class_obj_or_id
-     * @return int|string depending on the type of this model object's ID
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ensure_is_ID($base_class_obj_or_id)
-    {
-        $className = $this->_get_class_name();
-        if ($base_class_obj_or_id instanceof $className) {
-            /** @var $base_class_obj_or_id EE_Base_Class */
-            $id = $base_class_obj_or_id->ID();
-        } elseif (is_int($base_class_obj_or_id)) {
-            // assume it's an ID
-            $id = $base_class_obj_or_id;
-        } elseif (is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)) {
-            // assume its a string representation of the object
-            $id = $base_class_obj_or_id;
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "'%s' is neither an object of type %s, nor an ID! Its full value is '%s'",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $base_class_obj_or_id,
-                    $this->_get_class_name(),
-                    print_r($base_class_obj_or_id, true)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $id;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets whether the values passed to the model (eg, values in WHERE, values in INSERT, UPDATE, etc)
-     * have already been ran through the appropriate model field's prepare_for_use_in_db method. IE, they have
-     * been sanitized and converted into the appropriate domain.
-     * Usually the only place you'll want to change the default (which is to assume values have NOT been sanitized by
-     * the model object/model field) is when making a method call from WITHIN a model object, which has direct access
-     * to its sanitized values. Note: after changing this setting, you should set it back to its previous value (using
-     * get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()) eg.
-     * $EVT = EEM_Event::instance(); $old_setting =
-     * $EVT->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
-     * $EVT->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
-     * $EVT->update(array('foo'=>'bar'),array(array('foo'=>'monkey')));
-     * $EVT->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object($old_setting);
-     *
-     * @param int $values_already_prepared like one of the constants on EEM_Base
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
-        $values_already_prepared = self::not_prepared_by_model_object
-    ) {
-        $this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object = $values_already_prepared;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Read comments for assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()
-     *
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public function get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()
-    {
-        return $this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the indexes on this model
-     *
-     * @return EE_Index[]
-     */
-    public function indexes()
-    {
-        return $this->_indexes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the Unique Indexes on this model
-     *
-     * @return EE_Unique_Index[]
-     */
-    public function unique_indexes()
-    {
-        $unique_indexes = [];
-        foreach ($this->_indexes as $name => $index) {
-            if ($index instanceof EE_Unique_Index) {
-                $unique_indexes [ $name ] = $index;
-            }
-        }
-        return $unique_indexes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the fields which, when combined, make the primary key.
-     * This is usually just an array with 1 element (the primary key), but in cases
-     * where there is no primary key, it's a combination of fields as defined
-     * on a primary index
-     *
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[] indexed by the field's name
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_combined_primary_key_fields()
-    {
-        foreach ($this->indexes() as $index) {
-            if ($index instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Index) {
-                return $index->fields();
-            }
-        }
-        return [$this->primary_key_name() => $this->get_primary_key_field()];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used to build a primary key string (when the model has no primary key),
-     * which can be used a unique string to identify this model object.
-     *
-     * @param array $fields_n_values keys are field names, values are their values.
-     *                               Note: if you have results from `EEM_Base::get_all_wpdb_results()`, you need to
-     *                               run it through `EEM_Base::deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values()`
-     *                               before passing it to this function (that will convert it from columns-n-values
-     *                               to field-names-n-values).
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_index_primary_key_string($fields_n_values)
-    {
-        $cols_n_values_for_primary_key_index = array_intersect_key(
-            $fields_n_values,
-            $this->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
-        );
-        return http_build_query($cols_n_values_for_primary_key_index);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the field values from the primary key string
-     *
-     * @param string $index_primary_key_string
-     * @return null|array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @see EEM_Base::get_combined_primary_key_fields() and EEM_Base::get_index_primary_key_string()
-     */
-    public function parse_index_primary_key_string($index_primary_key_string)
-    {
-        $key_fields = $this->get_combined_primary_key_fields();
-        // check all of them are in the $id
-        $key_vals_in_combined_pk = [];
-        parse_str($index_primary_key_string, $key_vals_in_combined_pk);
-        foreach ($key_fields as $key_field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if (! isset($key_vals_in_combined_pk[ $key_field_name ])) {
-                return null;
-            }
-        }
-        return $key_vals_in_combined_pk;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * verifies that an array of key-value pairs for model fields has a key
-     * for each field comprising the primary key index
-     *
-     * @param array $key_vals
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($key_vals)
-    {
-        $keys_it_should_have = array_keys($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
-        foreach ($keys_it_should_have as $key) {
-            if (! isset($key_vals[ $key ])) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Finds all model objects in the DB that appear to be a copy of $model_object_or_attributes_array.
-     * We consider something to be a copy if all the attributes match (except the ID, of course).
-     *
-     * @param array|EE_Base_Class $model_object_or_attributes_array If its an array, it's field-value pairs
-     * @param array               $query_params                     @see
-     *                                                              https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return \EE_Base_Class[] Array keys are object IDs (if there is a primary key on the model. if not, numerically
-     *                                                              indexed)
-     */
-    public function get_all_copies($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params = [])
-    {
-        if ($model_object_or_attributes_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $attributes_array = $model_object_or_attributes_array->model_field_array();
-        } elseif (is_array($model_object_or_attributes_array)) {
-            $attributes_array = $model_object_or_attributes_array;
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "get_all_copies should be provided with either a model object or an array of field-value-pairs, but was given %s",
-                        "event_espresso"
-                    ),
-                    $model_object_or_attributes_array
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // even copies obviously won't have the same ID, so remove the primary key
-        // from the WHERE conditions for finding copies (if there is a primary key, of course)
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($attributes_array[ $this->primary_key_name() ])) {
-            unset($attributes_array[ $this->primary_key_name() ]);
-        }
-        if (isset($query_params[0])) {
-            $query_params[0] = array_merge($attributes_array, $query_params);
-        } else {
-            $query_params[0] = $attributes_array;
-        }
-        return $this->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first copy we find. See get_all_copies for more details
-     *
-     * @param mixed EE_Base_Class | array        $model_object_or_attributes_array
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_one_copy($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params = [])
-    {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-                'EEM_Base::get_one_copy',
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    gettype($query_params)
-                ),
-                '4.6.0'
-            );
-            $query_params = [];
-        }
-        $query_params['limit'] = 1;
-        $copies                = $this->get_all_copies($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params);
-        if (is_array($copies)) {
-            return array_shift($copies);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the item with the specified id. Ignores default query parameters because
-     * we have specified the ID, and its assumed we KNOW what we're doing
-     *
-     * @param array      $fields_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values
-     * @param int|string $id              the value of the primary key to update
-     * @return int number of rows updated
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update_by_ID($fields_n_values, $id)
-    {
-        $query_params = [
-            [
-                $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id
-            ],
-            'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
-        ];
-        return $this->update($fields_n_values, $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Changes an operator which was supplied to the models into one usable in SQL
-     *
-     * @param string $operator_supplied
-     * @return string an operator which can be used in SQL
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _prepare_operator_for_sql($operator_supplied)
-    {
-        $sql_operator = $this->_valid_operators[ $operator_supplied ] ?? null;
-        if ($sql_operator) {
-            return $sql_operator;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    "The operator '%s' is not in the list of valid operators: %s",
-                    "event_espresso"
-                ),
-                $operator_supplied,
-                implode(",", array_keys($this->_valid_operators))
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the valid operators
-     *
-     * @return array keys are accepted strings, values are the SQL they are converted to
-     */
-    public function valid_operators()
-    {
-        return $this->_valid_operators;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the between-style operators (take 2 arguments).
-     *
-     * @return array keys are accepted strings, values are the SQL they are converted to
-     */
-    public function valid_between_style_operators()
-    {
-        return array_intersect(
-            $this->valid_operators(),
-            $this->_between_style_operators
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the "like"-style operators (take a single argument, but it may contain wildcards)
-     *
-     * @return array keys are accepted strings, values are the SQL they are converted to
-     */
-    public function valid_like_style_operators()
-    {
-        return array_intersect(
-            $this->valid_operators(),
-            $this->_like_style_operators
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the "in"-style operators
-     *
-     * @return array keys are accepted strings, values are the SQL they are converted to
-     */
-    public function valid_in_style_operators()
-    {
-        return array_intersect(
-            $this->valid_operators(),
-            $this->_in_style_operators
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the "null"-style operators (accept no arguments)
-     *
-     * @return array keys are accepted strings, values are the SQL they are converted to
-     */
-    public function valid_null_style_operators()
-    {
-        return array_intersect(
-            $this->valid_operators(),
-            $this->_null_style_operators
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets an array where keys are the primary keys and values are their 'names'
-     * (as determined by the model object's name() function, which is often overridden)
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params like get_all's
-     * @return string[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_all_names($query_params = [])
-    {
-        $objs  = $this->get_all($query_params);
-        $names = [];
-        foreach ($objs as $obj) {
-            $names[ $obj->ID() ] = $obj->name();
-        }
-        return $names;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets an array of primary keys from the model objects. If you acquired the model objects
-     * using EEM_Base::get_all() you don't need to call this (and probably shouldn't because
-     * this is duplicated effort and reduces efficiency) you would be better to use
-     * array_keys() on $model_objects.
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Base_Class[] $model_objects
-     * @param boolean          $filter_out_empty_ids if a model object has an ID of '' or 0, don't bother including it
-     *                                               in the returned array
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_IDs($model_objects, $filter_out_empty_ids = false)
-    {
-        if (! $this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                EE_Error::add_error(
-                    esc_html__('Trying to get IDs from a model than has no primary key', 'event_espresso'),
-                    __FILE__,
-                    __FUNCTION__,
-                    __LINE__
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        $IDs = [];
-        foreach ($model_objects as $model_object) {
-            $id = $model_object->ID();
-            if (! $id) {
-                if ($filter_out_empty_ids) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                    EE_Error::add_error(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Called %1$s on a model object that has no ID and so probably hasn\'t been saved to the database',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        __FILE__,
-                        __FUNCTION__,
-                        __LINE__
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-            $IDs[] = $id;
-        }
-        return $IDs;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the string used in capabilities relating to this model. If there
-     * are no capabilities that relate to this model returns false
-     *
-     * @return string|false
-     */
-    public function cap_slug()
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_slug', $this->_caps_slug, $this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the capability-restrictions array (@param string $context
-     *
-     * @return EE_Default_Where_Conditions[] indexed by associated capability
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @see EEM_Base::_cap_restrictions).
-     *      If $context is provided (which should be set to one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts())
-     *      only returns the cap restrictions array in that context (ie, the array
-     *      at that key)
-     *
-     */
-    public function cap_restrictions($context = EEM_Base::caps_read)
-    {
-        EEM_Base::verify_is_valid_cap_context($context);
-        // check if we ought to run the restriction generator first
-        if (
-            isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ])
-            && $this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ] instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base
-            && ! $this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ]->has_generated_cap_restrictions()
-        ) {
-            $this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ] = array_merge(
-                $this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ],
-                $this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ]->generate_restrictions()
-            );
-        }
-        // and make sure we've finalized the construction of each restriction
-        foreach ($this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ] as $where_conditions_obj) {
-            if ($where_conditions_obj instanceof EE_Default_Where_Conditions) {
-                $where_conditions_obj->_finalize_construct($this);
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Indicating whether or not this model thinks its a wp core model
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_wp_core_model()
-    {
-        return $this->_wp_core_model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the caps that are missing which impose a restriction on
-     * queries made in this context
-     *
-     * @param string $context one of EEM_Base::caps_ constants
-     * @return EE_Default_Where_Conditions[] indexed by capability name
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function caps_missing($context = EEM_Base::caps_read)
-    {
-        $missing_caps     = [];
-        $cap_restrictions = $this->cap_restrictions($context);
-        foreach ($cap_restrictions as $cap => $restriction_if_no_cap) {
-            if (
-                ! EE_Capabilities::instance()
-                                 ->current_user_can($cap, $this->get_this_model_name() . '_model_applying_caps')
-            ) {
-                $missing_caps[ $cap ] = $restriction_if_no_cap;
-            }
-        }
-        return $missing_caps;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the mapping from capability contexts to action strings used in capability names
-     *
-     * @return array keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), and values are usually
-     * one of 'read', 'edit', or 'delete'
-     */
-    public function cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map()
-    {
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map',
-            $this->_cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map,
-            $this
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the action string for the specified capability context
-     *
-     * @param string $context
-     * @return string one of EEM_Base::cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map() values
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function cap_action_for_context($context)
-    {
-        $mapping = $this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map();
-        if (isset($mapping[ $context ])) {
-            return $mapping[ $context ];
-        }
-        if ($action = apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_action_for_context', null, $this, $mapping, $context)) {
-            return $action;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'Cannot find capability restrictions for context "%1$s", allowed values are:%2$s',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                $context,
-                implode(',', array_keys($this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map()))
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns all the capability contexts which are valid when querying models
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function valid_cap_contexts()
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__valid_cap_contexts', [
-            self::caps_read,
-            self::caps_read_admin,
-            self::caps_edit,
-            self::caps_delete,
-        ]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns all valid options for 'default_where_conditions'
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function valid_default_where_conditions()
-    {
-        return [
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_this_only,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none,
-        ];
-    }
-
-    // public static function default_where_conditions_full
-
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies $context is one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), if not it throws an exception
-     *
-     * @param string $context
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function verify_is_valid_cap_context($context)
-    {
-        $valid_cap_contexts = EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts();
-        if (in_array($context, $valid_cap_contexts)) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'Context "%1$s" passed into model "%2$s" is not a valid context. They are: %3$s',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                $context,
-                'EEM_Base',
-                implode(',', $valid_cap_contexts)
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Clears all the models field caches. This is only useful when a sub-class
-     * might have added a field or something and these caches might be invalidated
-     */
-    protected function _invalidate_field_caches()
-    {
-        $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields = [];
-        $this->_cached_fields               = null;
-        $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only   = null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the list of all the where query param keys that relate to logic instead of field names
-     * (eg "and", "or", "not").
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function logic_query_param_keys()
-    {
-        return $this->_logic_query_param_keys;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Determines whether or not the where query param array key is for a logic query param.
-     * Eg 'OR', 'not*', and 'and*because-i-say-so' should all return true, whereas
-     * 'ATT_fname', 'EVT_name*not-you-or-me', and 'ORG_name' should return false
-     *
-     * @param $query_param_key
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function is_logic_query_param_key($query_param_key)
-    {
-        foreach ($this->logic_query_param_keys() as $logic_query_param_key) {
-            if (
-                $query_param_key === $logic_query_param_key
-                || strpos($query_param_key, $logic_query_param_key . '*') === 0
-            ) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns true if this model has a password field on it (regardless of whether that password field has any content)
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @since 4.9.74.p
-     */
-    public function hasPassword()
-    {
-        // if we don't yet know if there's a password field, find out and remember it for next time.
-        if ($this->has_password_field === null) {
-            $password_field           = $this->getPasswordField();
-            $this->has_password_field = $password_field instanceof EE_Password_Field ? true : false;
-        }
-        return $this->has_password_field;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the password field on this model, if there is one
-     *
-     * @return EE_Password_Field|null
-     * @since 4.9.74.p
-     */
-    public function getPasswordField()
-    {
-        // if we definetely already know there is a password field or not (because has_password_field is true or false)
-        // there's no need to search for it. If we don't know yet, then find out
-        if ($this->has_password_field === null && $this->password_field === null) {
-            $this->password_field = $this->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Password_Field');
-        }
-        // don't bother setting has_password_field because that's hasPassword()'s job.
-        return $this->password_field;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the list of field (as EE_Model_Field_Bases) that are protected by the password
-     *
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @since 4.9.74.p
-     */
-    public function getPasswordProtectedFields()
-    {
-        $password_field = $this->getPasswordField();
-        $fields         = [];
-        if ($password_field instanceof EE_Password_Field) {
-            $field_names = $password_field->protectedFields();
-            foreach ($field_names as $field_name) {
-                $fields[ $field_name ] = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
-            }
-        }
-        return $fields;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the current user can perform the requested action on this model
-     *
-     * @param string              $cap_to_check one of the array keys from _cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|array $model_obj_or_fields_n_values
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @since 4.9.74.p
-     */
-    public function currentUserCan($cap_to_check, $model_obj_or_fields_n_values)
-    {
-        if ($model_obj_or_fields_n_values instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $model_obj_or_fields_n_values = $model_obj_or_fields_n_values->model_field_array();
-        }
-        if (! is_array($model_obj_or_fields_n_values)) {
-            throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
-                $model_obj_or_fields_n_values,
-                'EE_Base_Class',
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        '%1$s must be passed an `EE_Base_Class or an array of fields names with their values. You passed in something different.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    __FUNCTION__
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $this->exists(
-            $this->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
-                $this->get_index_primary_key_string($model_obj_or_fields_n_values),
-                [
-                    'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
-                    'caps'                     => $cap_to_check,
-                ]
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the query param where conditions key to the password affecting this model.
-     * Eg on EEM_Event this would just be "password", on EEM_Datetime this would be "Event.password", etc.
-     *
-     * @return null|string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ModelConfigurationException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.9.74.p
-     */
-    public function modelChainAndPassword()
-    {
-        if ($this->model_chain_to_password === null) {
-            throw new ModelConfigurationException(
-                $this,
-                esc_html_x(
-                // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                    'Cannot exclude protected data because the model has not specified which model has the password.',
-                    // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                    '1: model name',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if ($this->model_chain_to_password === '') {
-            $model_with_password = $this;
-        } else {
-            if ($pos_of_period = strrpos($this->model_chain_to_password, '.')) {
-                $last_model_in_chain = substr($this->model_chain_to_password, $pos_of_period + 1);
-            } else {
-                $last_model_in_chain = $this->model_chain_to_password;
-            }
-            $model_with_password = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($last_model_in_chain);
-        }
-
-        $password_field = $model_with_password->getPasswordField();
-        if ($password_field instanceof EE_Password_Field) {
-            $password_field_name = $password_field->get_name();
-        } else {
-            throw new ModelConfigurationException(
-                $this,
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html_x(
-                        'This model claims related model "%1$s" should have a password field on it, but none was found. The model relation chain is "%2$s"',
-                        '1: model name, 2: special string',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $model_with_password->get_this_model_name(),
-                    $this->model_chain_to_password
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return ($this->model_chain_to_password ? $this->model_chain_to_password . '.' : '') . $password_field_name;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns true if there is a password on a related model which restricts access to some of this model's rows,
-     * or if this model itself has a password affecting access to some of its other fields.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @since 4.9.74.p
-     */
-    public function restrictedByRelatedModelPassword()
-    {
-        return $this->model_chain_to_password !== null;
-    }
+		}
+		return $null_friendly_where_conditions;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Uses the _default_where_conditions_strategy set during __construct() to get
+	 * default where conditions on all get_all, update, and delete queries done by this model.
+	 * Use the same syntax as client code. Eg on the Event model, use array('Event.EVT_post_type'=>'esp_event'),
+	 * NOT array('Event_CPT.post_type'=>'esp_event').
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_relation_path eg, path from Event to Payment is "Registration.Transaction.Payment."
+	 * @return array @see
+	 *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 */
+	private function _get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path = '')
+	{
+		if ($this->_ignore_where_strategy) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		return $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy->get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Uses the _minimum_where_conditions_strategy set during __construct() to get
+	 * minimum where conditions on all get_all, update, and delete queries done by this model.
+	 * Use the same syntax as client code. Eg on the Event model, use array('Event.EVT_post_type'=>'esp_event'),
+	 * NOT array('Event_CPT.post_type'=>'esp_event').
+	 * Similar to _get_default_where_conditions
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_relation_path eg, path from Event to Payment is "Registration.Transaction.Payment."
+	 * @return array @see
+	 *               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 */
+	protected function _get_minimum_where_conditions($model_relation_path = '')
+	{
+		if ($this->_ignore_where_strategy) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		return $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy->get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates the string of SQL for the select part of a select query, everything behind SELECT and before FROM.
+	 * Eg, "Event.post_id, Event.post_name,Event_Detail.EVT_ID..."
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _construct_default_select_sql(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info)
+	{
+		$selects = $this->_get_columns_to_select_for_this_model();
+		foreach (
+			$model_query_info->get_model_names_included() as $model_relation_chain => $name_of_other_model_included
+		) {
+			$other_model_included = $this->get_related_model_obj($name_of_other_model_included);
+			$other_model_selects  = $other_model_included->_get_columns_to_select_for_this_model($model_relation_chain);
+			foreach ($other_model_selects as $key => $value) {
+				$selects[] = $value;
+			}
+		}
+		return implode(", ", $selects);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets an array of columns to select for this model, which are necessary for it to create its objects.
+	 * So that's going to be the columns for all the fields on the model
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_relation_chain like 'Question.Question_Group.Event'
+	 * @return array numerically indexed, values are columns to select and rename, eg "Event.ID AS 'Event.ID'"
+	 */
+	public function _get_columns_to_select_for_this_model($model_relation_chain = '')
+	{
+		$fields                                       = $this->field_settings();
+		$selects                                      = [];
+		$table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix =
+			EE_Model_Parser::extract_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix(
+				$model_relation_chain,
+				$this->get_this_model_name()
+			);
+		foreach ($fields as $field_obj) {
+			$selects[] = $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
+						 . $field_obj->get_table_alias()
+						 . "."
+						 . $field_obj->get_table_column()
+						 . " AS '"
+						 . $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
+						 . $field_obj->get_table_alias()
+						 . "."
+						 . $field_obj->get_table_column()
+						 . "'";
+		}
+		// make sure we are also getting the PKs of each table
+		$tables = $this->get_tables();
+		if (count($tables) > 1) {
+			foreach ($tables as $table_obj) {
+				$qualified_pk_column = $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
+									   . $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column();
+				if (! in_array($qualified_pk_column, $selects)) {
+					$selects[] = "$qualified_pk_column AS '$qualified_pk_column'";
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $selects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Given a $query_param like 'Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID', pops off 'Registration.',
+	 * gets the join statement for it; gets the data types for it; and passes the remaining 'Transaction.TXN_ID'
+	 * onto its related Transaction object to do the same. Returns an EE_Join_And_Data_Types object which contains the
+	 * SQL for joining, and the data types
+	 *
+	 * @param null|string                 $original_query_param
+	 * @param string                      $query_param          like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info
+	 * @param string                      $query_param_type     like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID
+	 *                                                          or 'PAY_ID'. Otherwise, we don't expect there to be a
+	 *                                                          column name. We only want model names, eg 'Event.Venue'
+	 *                                                          or 'Registration's
+	 * @param string                      $original_query_param what it originally was (eg
+	 *                                                          Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID). If null, we assume it
+	 *                                                          matches $query_param
+	 * @return void only modifies the EEM_Related_Model_Info_Carrier passed into it
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+		$query_param,
+		EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info,
+		$query_param_type,
+		$original_query_param = null
+	) {
+		if ($original_query_param === null) {
+			$original_query_param = $query_param;
+		}
+		$query_param = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param);
+		// check to see if we have a field on this model
+		$this_model_fields = $this->field_settings(true);
+		if (array_key_exists($query_param, $this_model_fields)) {
+			$field_is_allowed = in_array(
+				$query_param_type,
+				[0, 'where', 'having', 'order_by', 'group_by', 'order', 'custom_selects'],
+				true
+			);
+			if ($field_is_allowed) {
+				return;
+			}
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"Using a field name (%s) on model %s is not allowed on this query param type '%s'. Original query param was %s",
+						"event_espresso"
+					),
+					$query_param,
+					get_class($this),
+					$query_param_type,
+					$original_query_param
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// check if this is a special logic query param
+		if (in_array($query_param, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
+			$operator_is_allowed = in_array($query_param_type, ['where', 'having', 0, 'custom_selects'], true);
+			if ($operator_is_allowed) {
+				return;
+			}
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'Logic query params ("%1$s") are being used incorrectly with the following query param ("%2$s") on model %3$s. %4$sAdditional Info:%4$s%5$s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					implode('", "', $this->_logic_query_param_keys),
+					$query_param,
+					get_class($this),
+					'<br />',
+					"\t"
+					. ' $passed_in_query_info = <pre>'
+					. print_r($passed_in_query_info, true)
+					. '</pre>'
+					. "\n\t"
+					. ' $query_param_type = '
+					. $query_param_type
+					. "\n\t"
+					. ' $original_query_param = '
+					. $original_query_param
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// check if it's a custom selection
+		if (
+			$this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects
+			&& in_array($query_param, $this->_custom_selections->columnAliases(), true)
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// check if has a model name at the beginning
+		// and
+		// check if it's a field on a related model
+		if (
+			$this->extractJoinModelFromQueryParams(
+				$passed_in_query_info,
+				$query_param,
+				$original_query_param,
+				$query_param_type
+			)
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// ok so $query_param didn't start with a model name
+		// and we previously confirmed it wasn't a logic query param or field on the current model
+		// it's wack, that's what it is
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					"There is no model named '%s' related to %s. Query param type is %s and original query param is %s",
+					"event_espresso"
+				),
+				$query_param,
+				get_class($this),
+				$query_param_type,
+				$original_query_param
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Extracts any possible join model information from the provided possible_join_string.
+	 * This method will read the provided $possible_join_string value and determine if there are any possible model
+	 * join
+	 * parts that should be added to the query.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier
+	 * @param string                      $possible_join_string  Such as Registration.REG_ID, or Registration
+	 * @param null|string                 $original_query_param
+	 * @param string                      $query_parameter_type  The type for the source of the $possible_join_string
+	 *                                                           ('where', 'order_by', 'group_by', 'custom_selects'
+	 *                                                           etc.)
+	 * @return bool  returns true if a join was added and false if not.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function extractJoinModelFromQueryParams(
+		EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier,
+		$possible_join_string,
+		$original_query_param,
+		$query_parameter_type
+	) {
+		foreach ($this->_model_relations as $valid_related_model_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if (strpos($possible_join_string, $valid_related_model_name . ".") === 0) {
+				$this->_add_join_to_model($valid_related_model_name, $query_info_carrier, $original_query_param);
+				$possible_join_string = substr($possible_join_string, strlen($valid_related_model_name . "."));
+				if ($possible_join_string === '') {
+					// nothing left to $query_param
+					// we should actually end in a field name, not a model like this!
+					throw new EE_Error(
+						sprintf(
+							esc_html__(
+								"Query param '%s' (of type %s on model %s) shouldn't end on a period (.) ",
+								"event_espresso"
+							),
+							$possible_join_string,
+							$query_parameter_type,
+							get_class($this),
+							$valid_related_model_name
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				$related_model_obj = $this->get_related_model_obj($valid_related_model_name);
+				$related_model_obj->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+					$possible_join_string,
+					$query_info_carrier,
+					$query_parameter_type,
+					$original_query_param
+				);
+				return true;
+			}
+			if ($possible_join_string === $valid_related_model_name) {
+				$this->_add_join_to_model(
+					$valid_related_model_name,
+					$query_info_carrier,
+					$original_query_param
+				);
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Extracts related models from Custom Selects and sets up any joins for those related models.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function extractRelatedModelsFromCustomSelects(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier)
+	{
+		if (
+			$this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects
+			&& (
+				$this->_custom_selections->type() === CustomSelects::TYPE_STRUCTURED
+				|| $this->_custom_selections->type() == CustomSelects::TYPE_COMPLEX
+			)
+		) {
+			$original_selects = $this->_custom_selections->originalSelects();
+			foreach ($original_selects as $alias => $select_configuration) {
+				$this->extractJoinModelFromQueryParams(
+					$query_info_carrier,
+					$select_configuration[0],
+					$select_configuration[0],
+					'custom_selects'
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Privately used by _extract_related_model_info_from_query_param to add a join to $model_name
+	 * and store it on $passed_in_query_info
+	 *
+	 * @param string                      $model_name
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info
+	 * @param string                      $original_query_param used to extract the relation chain between the queried
+	 *                                                          model and $model_name. Eg, if we are querying Event,
+	 *                                                          and are adding a join to 'Payment' with the original
+	 *                                                          query param key
+	 *                                                          'Registration.Transaction.Payment.PAY_amount', we want
+	 *                                                          to extract 'Registration.Transaction.Payment', in case
+	 *                                                          Payment wants to add default query params so that it
+	 *                                                          will know what models to prepend onto its default query
+	 *                                                          params or in case it wants to rename tables (in case
+	 *                                                          there are multiple joins to the same table)
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _add_join_to_model(
+		$model_name,
+		EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info,
+		$original_query_param
+	) {
+		$relation_obj         = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
+		$model_relation_chain = EE_Model_Parser::extract_model_relation_chain($model_name, $original_query_param);
+		// check if the relation is HABTM, because then we're essentially doing two joins
+		// If so, join first to the JOIN table, and add its data types, and then continue as normal
+		if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_HABTM_Relation) {
+			$join_model_obj = $relation_obj->get_join_model();
+			// replace the model specified with the join model for this relation chain, whi
+			$relation_chain_to_join_model =
+				EE_Model_Parser::replace_model_name_with_join_model_name_in_model_relation_chain(
+					$model_name,
+					$join_model_obj->get_this_model_name(),
+					$model_relation_chain
+				);
+			$passed_in_query_info->merge(
+				new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier(
+					[$relation_chain_to_join_model => $join_model_obj->get_this_model_name()],
+					$relation_obj->get_join_to_intermediate_model_statement($relation_chain_to_join_model)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// now just join to the other table pointed to by the relation object, and add its data types
+		$passed_in_query_info->merge(
+			new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier(
+				[$model_relation_chain => $model_name],
+				$relation_obj->get_join_statement($model_relation_chain)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs SQL for where clause, like "WHERE Event.ID = 23 AND Transaction.amount > 100" etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $where_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @return string of SQL
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _construct_where_clause($where_params)
+	{
+		$SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($where_params, ' AND ');
+		if ($SQL) {
+			return " WHERE " . $SQL;
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just like the _construct_where_clause, except prepends 'HAVING' instead of 'WHERE',
+	 * and should be passed HAVING parameters, not WHERE parameters
+	 *
+	 * @param array $having_params
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _construct_having_clause($having_params)
+	{
+		$SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($having_params, ' AND ');
+		if ($SQL) {
+			return " HAVING " . $SQL;
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used for creating nested WHERE conditions. Eg "WHERE ! (Event.ID = 3 OR ( Event_Meta.meta_key = 'bob' AND
+	 * Event_Meta.meta_value = 'foo'))"
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $where_params @see
+	 *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @param string $glue         joins each subclause together. Should really only be " AND " or " OR "...
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string of SQL
+	 */
+	private function _construct_condition_clause_recursive($where_params, $glue = ' AND')
+	{
+		$where_clauses = [];
+		foreach ($where_params as $query_param => $op_and_value_or_sub_condition) {
+			$query_param = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param);
+			if (in_array($query_param, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
+				switch ($query_param) {
+					case 'not':
+					case 'NOT':
+						$where_clauses[] = "! ("
+										   . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive(
+											   $op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
+											   $glue
+										   )
+										   . ")";
+						break;
+					case 'and':
+					case 'AND':
+						$where_clauses[] = " ("
+										   . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive(
+											   $op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
+											   ' AND '
+										   )
+										   . ")";
+						break;
+					case 'or':
+					case 'OR':
+						$where_clauses[] = " ("
+										   . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive(
+											   $op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
+											   ' OR '
+										   )
+										   . ")";
+						break;
+				}
+			} else {
+				$field_obj = $this->_deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param);
+				// if it's not a normal field, maybe it's a custom selection?
+				if (! $field_obj) {
+					if ($this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects) {
+						$field_obj = $this->_custom_selections->getDataTypeForAlias($query_param);
+					} else {
+						throw new EE_Error(
+							sprintf(
+								esc_html__(
+									"%s is neither a valid model field name, nor a custom selection",
+									"event_espresso"
+								),
+								$query_param
+							)
+						);
+					}
+				}
+				$op_and_value_sql = $this->_construct_op_and_value($op_and_value_or_sub_condition, $field_obj);
+				$where_clauses[]  = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param) . SP . $op_and_value_sql;
+			}
+		}
+		return $where_clauses ? implode($glue, $where_clauses) : '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes the input parameter and extract the table name (alias) and column name
+	 *
+	 * @param string $query_param like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID, Event.Datetime.start_time, or REG_ID
+	 * @return string table alias and column name for SQL, eg "Transaction.TXN_ID"
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param)
+	{
+		$field = $this->_deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param);
+		if ($field) {
+			$table_alias_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::extract_table_alias_model_relation_chain_from_query_param(
+				$field->get_model_name(),
+				$query_param
+			);
+			return $table_alias_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
+		}
+		if (
+			$this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects
+			&& in_array($query_param, $this->_custom_selections->columnAliases(), true)
+		) {
+			// maybe it's custom selection item?
+			// if so, just use it as the "column name"
+			return $query_param;
+		}
+		$custom_select_aliases = $this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects
+			? implode(',', $this->_custom_selections->columnAliases())
+			: '';
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					"%s is not a valid field on this model, nor a custom selection (%s)",
+					"event_espresso"
+				),
+				$query_param,
+				$custom_select_aliases
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes the * and anything after it from the condition query param key. It is useful to add the * to condition
+	 * query param keys (eg, 'OR*', 'EVT_ID') in order for the array keys to still be unique, so that they don't get
+	 * overwritten Takes a string like 'Event.EVT_ID*', 'TXN_total**', 'OR*1st', and 'DTT_reg_start*foobar' to
+	 * 'Event.EVT_ID', 'TXN_total', 'OR', and 'DTT_reg_start', respectively.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $condition_query_param_key
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($condition_query_param_key)
+	{
+		$pos_of_star = strpos($condition_query_param_key, '*');
+		if ($pos_of_star === false) {
+			return $condition_query_param_key;
+		}
+		$condition_query_param_sans_star = substr($condition_query_param_key, 0, $pos_of_star);
+		return $condition_query_param_sans_star;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * creates the SQL for the operator and the value in a WHERE clause, eg "< 23" or "LIKE '%monkey%'"
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed      array | string    $op_and_value
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj . If string, should be one of EEM_Base::_valid_wpdb_data_types
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _construct_op_and_value($op_and_value, $field_obj)
+	{
+		if (is_array($op_and_value)) {
+			$operator = isset($op_and_value[0]) ? $this->_prepare_operator_for_sql($op_and_value[0]) : null;
+			if (! $operator) {
+				$php_array_like_string = [];
+				foreach ($op_and_value as $key => $value) {
+					$php_array_like_string[] = "$key=>$value";
+				}
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"You setup a query parameter like you were going to specify an operator, but didn't. You provided '(%s)', but the operator should be at array key index 0 (eg array('>',32))",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						implode(",", $php_array_like_string)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$value = isset($op_and_value[1]) ? $op_and_value[1] : null;
+		} else {
+			$operator = '=';
+			$value    = $op_and_value;
+		}
+		// check to see if the value is actually another field
+		if (is_array($op_and_value) && isset($op_and_value[2]) && $op_and_value[2] == true) {
+			return $operator . SP . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($value);
+		}
+		if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && is_array($value)) {
+			// in this case, the value should be an array, or at least a comma-separated list
+			// it will need to handle a little differently
+			$cleaned_value = $this->_construct_in_value($value, $field_obj);
+			// note: $cleaned_value has already been run through $wpdb->prepare()
+			return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
+		}
+		if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_between_style_operators()) && is_array($value)) {
+			// the value should be an array with count of two.
+			if (count($value) !== 2) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"The '%s' operator must be used with an array of values and there must be exactly TWO values in that array.",
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						"BETWEEN"
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$cleaned_value = $this->_construct_between_value($value, $field_obj);
+			return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
+		}
+		if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_null_style_operators())) {
+			if ($value !== null) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"You attempted to give a value  (%s) while using a NULL-style operator (%s). That isn't valid",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						$value,
+						$operator
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			return $operator;
+		}
+		if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_like_style_operators()) && ! is_array($value)) {
+			// if the operator is 'LIKE', we want to allow percent signs (%) and not
+			// remove other junk. So just treat it as a string.
+			return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, '%s');
+		}
+		if (! in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && ! is_array($value)) {
+			return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
+		}
+		if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && ! is_array($value)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"Operator '%s' must be used with an array of values, eg 'Registration.REG_ID' => array('%s',array(1,2,3))",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$operator,
+					$operator
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if (! in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && is_array($value)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"Operator '%s' must be used with a single value, not an array. Eg 'Registration.REG_ID => array('%s',23))",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$operator,
+					$operator
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					"It appears you've provided some totally invalid query parameters. Operator and value were:'%s', which isn't right at all",
+					"event_espresso"
+				),
+				http_build_query($op_and_value)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates the operands to be used in a BETWEEN query, eg "'2014-12-31 20:23:33' AND '2015-01-23 12:32:54'"
+	 *
+	 * @param array                      $values
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string, it should be the datatype to be used when querying, eg
+	 *                                              '%s'
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _construct_between_value($values, $field_obj)
+	{
+		$cleaned_values = [];
+		foreach ($values as $value) {
+			$cleaned_values[] = $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
+		}
+		return $cleaned_values[0] . " AND " . $cleaned_values[1];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes an array or a comma-separated list of $values and cleans them
+	 * according to $data_type using $wpdb->prepare, and then makes the list a
+	 * string surrounded by ( and ). Eg, _construct_in_value(array(1,2,3),'%d') would
+	 * return '(1,2,3)'; _construct_in_value("1,2,hack",'%d') would return '(1,2,1)' (assuming
+	 * I'm right that a string, when interpreted as a digit, becomes a 1. It might become a 0)
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed                      $values    array or comma-separated string
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string, it should be a wpdb data type like '%s', or '%d'
+	 * @return string of SQL to follow an 'IN' or 'NOT IN' operator
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _construct_in_value($values, $field_obj)
+	{
+		$prepped = [];
+		// check if the value is a CSV list
+		if (is_string($values)) {
+			// in which case, turn it into an array
+			$values = explode(',', $values);
+		}
+		// make sure we only have one of each value in the list
+		$values = array_unique($values);
+		foreach ($values as $value) {
+			$prepped[] = $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
+		}
+		// we would just LOVE to leave $cleaned_values as an empty array, and return the value as "()",
+		// but unfortunately that's invalid SQL. So instead we return a string which we KNOW will evaluate to be the empty set
+		// which is effectively equivalent to returning "()". We don't return "(0)" because that only works for auto-incrementing columns
+		if (empty($prepped)) {
+			$all_fields  = $this->field_settings();
+			$first_field = reset($all_fields);
+			$main_table  = $this->_get_main_table();
+			$prepped[]   = "SELECT {$first_field->get_table_column()} FROM {$main_table->get_table_name()} WHERE FALSE";
+		}
+		return '(' . implode(',', $prepped) . ')';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param mixed                      $value
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string it should be a wpdb data type like '%d'
+	 * @return false|null|string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj)
+	{
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			return $wpdb->prepare(
+				$field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type(),
+				$this->_prepare_value_for_use_in_db($value, $field_obj)
+			);
+		} //$field_obj should really just be a data type
+		if (! in_array($field_obj, $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__("%s is not a valid wpdb datatype. Valid ones are %s", "event_espresso"),
+					$field_obj,
+					implode(",", $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $wpdb->prepare($field_obj, $value);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes the input parameter and finds the model field that it indicates.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $query_param_name like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID, Event.Datetime.start_time, or REG_ID
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param_name)
+	{
+		// ok, now proceed with deducing which part is the model's name, and which is the field's name
+		// which will help us find the database table and column
+		$query_param_parts = explode(".", $query_param_name);
+		if (empty($query_param_parts)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"_extract_column_name is empty when trying to extract column and table name from %s",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$query_param_name
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$number_of_parts       = count($query_param_parts);
+		$last_query_param_part = $query_param_parts[ count($query_param_parts) - 1 ];
+		if ($number_of_parts === 1) {
+			$field_name = $last_query_param_part;
+			$model_obj  = $this;
+		} else {// $number_of_parts >= 2
+			// the last part is the column name, and there are only 2parts. therefore...
+			$field_name = $last_query_param_part;
+			$model_obj  = $this->get_related_model_obj($query_param_parts[ $number_of_parts - 2 ]);
+		}
+		try {
+			return $model_obj->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Given a field's name (ie, a key in $this->field_settings()), uses the EE_Model_Field object to get the table's
+	 * alias and column which corresponds to it
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _get_qualified_column_for_field($field_name)
+	{
+		$all_fields = $this->field_settings();
+		$field      = isset($all_fields[ $field_name ]) ? $all_fields[ $field_name ] : false;
+		if ($field) {
+			return $field->get_qualified_column();
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					"There is no field titled %s on model %s. Either the query trying to use it is bad, or you need to add it to the list of fields on the model.",
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				$field_name,
+				get_class($this)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * similar to \EEM_Base::_get_qualified_column_for_field() but returns an array with data for ALL fields.
+	 * Example usage:
+	 * EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results(
+	 *      array(),
+	 *      ARRAY_A,
+	 *      EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields()
+	 *  );
+	 * is equivalent to
+	 *  EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results( array(), ARRAY_A, '*' );
+	 * and
+	 *  EEM_Event::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results(
+	 *      array(
+	 *          array(
+	 *              'Datetime.Ticket.TKT_ID' => array( '<', 100 ),
+	 *          ),
+	 *          ARRAY_A,
+	 *          implode(
+	 *              ', ',
+	 *              array_merge(
+	 *                  EEM_Event::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields( '', false ),
+	 *                  EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields( 'Datetime', false )
+	 *              )
+	 *          )
+	 *      )
+	 *  );
+	 * selects rows from the database, selecting all the event and ticket columns, where the ticket ID is below 100
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_relation_chain        the chain of models used to join between the model you want to query
+	 *                                            and the one whose fields you are selecting for example: when querying
+	 *                                            tickets model and selecting fields from the tickets model you would
+	 *                                            leave this parameter empty, because no models are needed to join
+	 *                                            between the queried model and the selected one. Likewise when
+	 *                                            querying the datetime model and selecting fields from the tickets
+	 *                                            model, it would also be left empty, because there is a direct
+	 *                                            relation from datetimes to tickets, so no model is needed to join
+	 *                                            them together. However, when querying from the event model and
+	 *                                            selecting fields from the ticket model, you should provide the string
+	 *                                            'Datetime', indicating that the event model must first join to the
+	 *                                            datetime model in order to find its relation to ticket model.
+	 *                                            Also, when querying from the venue model and selecting fields from
+	 *                                            the ticket model, you should provide the string 'Event.Datetime',
+	 *                                            indicating you need to join the venue model to the event model,
+	 *                                            to the datetime model, in order to find its relation to the ticket
+	 *                                            model. This string is used to deduce the prefix that gets added onto
+	 *                                            the models' tables qualified columns
+	 * @param bool   $return_string               if true, will return a string with qualified column names separated
+	 *                                            by ', ' if false, will simply return a numerically indexed array of
+	 *                                            qualified column names
+	 * @return array|string
+	 */
+	public function get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields($model_relation_chain = '', $return_string = true)
+	{
+		$table_prefix      = str_replace('.', '__', $model_relation_chain) . (empty($model_relation_chain) ? '' : '__');
+		$qualified_columns = [];
+		foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_name => $field) {
+			$qualified_columns[] = $table_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
+		}
+		return $return_string ? implode(', ', $qualified_columns) : $qualified_columns;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * constructs the select use on special limit joins
+	 * NOTE: for now this has only been tested and will work when the  table alias is for the PRIMARY table. Although
+	 * its setup so the select query will be setup on and just doing the special select join off of the primary table
+	 * (as that is typically where the limits would be set).
+	 *
+	 * @param string       $table_alias The table the select is being built for
+	 * @param mixed|string $limit       The limit for this select
+	 * @return string                The final select join element for the query.
+	 */
+	public function _construct_limit_join_select($table_alias, $limit)
+	{
+		$SQL = '';
+		foreach ($this->_tables as $table_obj) {
+			if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Primary_Table) {
+				$SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
+					? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit($limit)
+					: SP . $table_obj->get_table_name() . " AS " . $table_obj->get_table_alias() . SP;
+			} elseif ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
+				$SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
+					? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit_join($limit)
+					: SP . $table_obj->get_join_sql($table_alias) . SP;
+			}
+		}
+		return $SQL;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs the internal join if there are multiple tables, or simply the table's name and alias
+	 * Eg "wp_post AS Event" or "wp_post AS Event INNER JOIN wp_postmeta Event_Meta ON Event.ID = Event_Meta.post_id"
+	 *
+	 * @return string SQL
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _construct_internal_join()
+	{
+		$SQL = $this->_get_main_table()->get_table_sql();
+		$SQL .= $this->_construct_internal_join_to_table_with_alias($this->_get_main_table()->get_table_alias());
+		return $SQL;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs the SQL for joining all the tables on this model.
+	 * Normally $alias should be the primary table's alias, but in cases where
+	 * we have already joined to a secondary table (eg, the secondary table has a foreign key and is joined before the
+	 * primary table) then we should provide that secondary table's alias. Eg, with $alias being the primary table's
+	 * alias, this will construct SQL like:
+	 * " INNER JOIN wp_esp_secondary_table AS Secondary_Table ON Primary_Table.pk = Secondary_Table.fk".
+	 * With $alias being a secondary table's alias, this will construct SQL like:
+	 * " INNER JOIN wp_esp_primary_table AS Primary_Table ON Primary_Table.pk = Secondary_Table.fk".
+	 *
+	 * @param string $alias_prefixed table alias to join to (this table should already be in the FROM SQL clause)
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function _construct_internal_join_to_table_with_alias($alias_prefixed)
+	{
+		$SQL               = '';
+		$alias_sans_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::remove_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix($alias_prefixed);
+		foreach ($this->_tables as $table_obj) {
+			if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {// table is secondary table
+				if ($alias_sans_prefix === $table_obj->get_table_alias()) {
+					// so we're joining to this table, meaning the table is already in
+					// the FROM statement, BUT the primary table isn't. So we want
+					// to add the inverse join sql
+					$SQL .= $table_obj->get_inverse_join_sql($alias_prefixed);
+				} else {
+					// just add a regular JOIN to this table from the primary table
+					$SQL .= $table_obj->get_join_sql($alias_prefixed);
+				}
+			}//if it's a primary table, dont add any SQL. it should already be in the FROM statement
+		}
+		return $SQL;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets an array for storing all the data types on the next-to-be-executed-query.
+	 * This should be a growing array of keys being table-columns (eg 'EVT_ID' and 'Event.EVT_ID'), and values being
+	 * their data type (eg, '%s', '%d', etc)
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function _get_data_types()
+	{
+		$data_types = [];
+		foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_obj) {
+			// $data_types[$field_obj->get_table_column()] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
+			/** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
+			$data_types[ $field_obj->get_qualified_column() ] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
+		}
+		return $data_types;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model object given the relation's name / model's name (eg, 'Event', 'Registration',etc. Always singular)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_name
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_related_model_obj($model_name)
+	{
+		$model_classname = "EEM_" . $model_name;
+		if (! class_exists($model_classname)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"You specified a related model named %s in your query. No such model exists, if it did, it would have the classname %s",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$model_name,
+					$model_classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return call_user_func($model_classname . "::instance");
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the array of EE_ModelRelations for this model.
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Model_Relation_Base[]
+	 */
+	public function relation_settings()
+	{
+		return $this->_model_relations;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all related models that this model BELONGS TO. Handy to know sometimes
+	 * because without THOSE models, this model probably doesn't have much purpose.
+	 * (Eg, without an event, datetimes have little purpose.)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Belongs_To_Relation[]
+	 */
+	public function belongs_to_relations()
+	{
+		$belongs_to_relations = [];
+		foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $model_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$belongs_to_relations[ $model_name ] = $relation_obj;
+			}
+		}
+		return $belongs_to_relations;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the specified EE_Model_Relation, or throws an exception
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name name of relation, key in $this->_relatedModels
+	 * @return EE_Model_Relation_Base
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function related_settings_for($relation_name)
+	{
+		$relatedModels = $this->relation_settings();
+		if (! array_key_exists($relation_name, $relatedModels)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'Cannot get %s related to %s. There is no model relation of that type. There is, however, %s...',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$relation_name,
+					$this->_get_class_name(),
+					implode(', ', array_keys($relatedModels))
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $relatedModels[ $relation_name ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * A convenience method for getting a specific field's settings, instead of getting all field settings for all
+	 * fields
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $fieldName
+	 * @param boolean $include_db_only_fields
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function field_settings_for($fieldName, $include_db_only_fields = true)
+	{
+		$fieldSettings = $this->field_settings($include_db_only_fields);
+		if (! array_key_exists($fieldName, $fieldSettings)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__("There is no field/column '%s' on '%s'", 'event_espresso'),
+					$fieldName,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $fieldSettings[ $fieldName ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if this field exists on this model
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldName a key in the model's _field_settings array
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function has_field($fieldName)
+	{
+		$fieldSettings = $this->field_settings(true);
+		if (isset($fieldSettings[ $fieldName ])) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether or not this model has a relation to the specified model
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name possibly one of the keys in the relation_settings array
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function has_relation($relation_name)
+	{
+		$relations = $this->relation_settings();
+		if (isset($relations[ $relation_name ])) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * gets the field object of type 'primary_key' from the fieldsSettings attribute.
+	 * Eg, on EE_Answer that would be ANS_ID field object
+	 *
+	 * @param $field_obj
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_primary_key_field($field_obj)
+	{
+		return $field_obj instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base ? true : false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * gets the field object of type 'primary_key' from the fieldsSettings attribute.
+	 * Eg, on EE_Answer that would be ANS_ID field object
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_primary_key_field()
+	{
+		if ($this->_primary_key_field === null) {
+			foreach ($this->field_settings(true) as $field_obj) {
+				if ($this->is_primary_key_field($field_obj)) {
+					$this->_primary_key_field = $field_obj;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (! $this->_primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__("There is no Primary Key defined on model %s", 'event_espresso'),
+						get_class($this)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_primary_key_field;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether or not not there is a primary key on this model.
+	 * Internally does some caching.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function has_primary_key_field()
+	{
+		if ($this->_has_primary_key_field === null) {
+			try {
+				$this->get_primary_key_field();
+				$this->_has_primary_key_field = true;
+			} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+				$this->_has_primary_key_field = false;
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_has_primary_key_field;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Finds the first field of type $field_class_name.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_class_name class name of field that you want to find. Eg, EE_Datetime_Field,
+	 *                                 EE_Foreign_Key_Field, etc
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base or null if none is found
+	 */
+	public function get_a_field_of_type($field_class_name)
+	{
+		foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field) {
+			if ($field instanceof $field_class_name) {
+				return $field;
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a foreign key field pointing to model.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_name eg Event, Registration, not EEM_Event
+	 * @return EE_Foreign_Key_Field_Base
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_foreign_key_to($model_name)
+	{
+		if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ])) {
+			foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field) {
+				if (
+					$field instanceof EE_Foreign_Key_Field_Base
+					&& in_array($model_name, $field->get_model_names_pointed_to())
+				) {
+					$this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ] = $field;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ])) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"There is no foreign key field pointing to model %s on model %s",
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$model_name,
+						get_class($this)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the table name (including $wpdb->prefix) for the table alias
+	 *
+	 * @param string $table_alias eg Event, Event_Meta, Registration, Transaction, but maybe
+	 *                            a table alias with a model chain prefix, like 'Venue__Event_Venue___Event_Meta'.
+	 *                            Either one works
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_table_for_alias($table_alias)
+	{
+		$table_alias_sans_model_relation_chain_prefix =
+			EE_Model_Parser::remove_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix($table_alias);
+		return $this->_tables[ $table_alias_sans_model_relation_chain_prefix ]->get_table_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a flat array of all field son this model, instead of organizing them
+	 * by table_alias as they are in the constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $include_db_only_fields flag indicating whether or not to include the db-only fields
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[] where the keys are the field's name
+	 */
+	public function field_settings($include_db_only_fields = false)
+	{
+		if ($include_db_only_fields) {
+			if ($this->_cached_fields === null) {
+				$this->_cached_fields = [];
+				foreach ($this->_fields as $fields_corresponding_to_table) {
+					foreach ($fields_corresponding_to_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+						$this->_cached_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return $this->_cached_fields;
+		}
+		if ($this->_cached_fields_non_db_only === null) {
+			$this->_cached_fields_non_db_only = [];
+			foreach ($this->_fields as $fields_corresponding_to_table) {
+				foreach ($fields_corresponding_to_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+					/** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
+					if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+						$this->_cached_fields_non_db_only[ $field_name ] = $field_obj;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        cycle though array of attendees and create objects out of each item
+	 *
+	 * @access        private
+	 * @param array $rows        of results of $wpdb->get_results($query,ARRAY_A)
+	 * @return \EE_Base_Class[] array keys are primary keys (if there is a primary key on the model. if not,
+	 *                           numerically indexed)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _create_objects($rows = [])
+	{
+		$array_of_objects = [];
+		if (empty($rows)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		$count_if_model_has_no_primary_key = 0;
+		$has_primary_key                   = $this->has_primary_key_field();
+		$primary_key_field                 = $has_primary_key ? $this->get_primary_key_field() : null;
+		foreach ((array) $rows as $row) {
+			if (empty($row)) {
+				// wp did its weird thing where it returns an array like array(0=>null), which is totally not helpful...
+				return [];
+			}
+			// check if we've already set this object in the results array,
+			// in which case there's no need to process it further (again)
+			if ($has_primary_key) {
+				$table_pk_value = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
+					$row,
+					$primary_key_field->get_qualified_column(),
+					$primary_key_field->get_table_column()
+				);
+				if ($table_pk_value && isset($array_of_objects[ $table_pk_value ])) {
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+			$classInstance = $this->instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($row);
+			if (! $classInstance) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__('Could not create instance of class %s from row %s', 'event_espresso'),
+						$this->get_this_model_name(),
+						http_build_query($row)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			// set the timezone on the instantiated objects
+			$classInstance->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+			// make sure if there is any timezone setting present that we set the timezone for the object
+			$key                      = $has_primary_key ? $classInstance->ID() : $count_if_model_has_no_primary_key++;
+			$array_of_objects[ $key ] = $classInstance;
+			// also, for all the relations of type BelongsTo, see if we can cache
+			// those related models
+			// (we could do this for other relations too, but if there are conditions
+			// that filtered out some fo the results, then we'd be caching an incomplete set
+			// so it requires a little more thought than just caching them immediately...)
+			foreach ($this->_model_relations as $modelName => $relation_obj) {
+				if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					// check if this model's INFO is present. If so, cache it on the model
+					$other_model           = $relation_obj->get_other_model();
+					$other_model_obj_maybe = $other_model->instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($row);
+					// if we managed to make a model object from the results, cache it on the main model object
+					if ($other_model_obj_maybe) {
+						// set timezone on these other model objects if they are present
+						$other_model_obj_maybe->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+						$classInstance->cache($modelName, $other_model_obj_maybe);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			// also, if this was a custom select query, let's see if there are any results for the custom select fields
+			// and add them to the object as well.  We'll convert according to the set data_type if there's any set for
+			// the field in the CustomSelects object
+			if ($this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects) {
+				$classInstance->setCustomSelectsValues(
+					$this->getValuesForCustomSelectAliasesFromResults($row)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $array_of_objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will parse a given row of results from the db and see if any keys in the results match an alias within the
+	 * current CustomSelects object. This will be used to build an array of values indexed by those keys.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $db_results_row
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	protected function getValuesForCustomSelectAliasesFromResults(array $db_results_row)
+	{
+		$results = [];
+		if ($this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects) {
+			foreach ($this->_custom_selections->columnAliases() as $alias) {
+				if (isset($db_results_row[ $alias ])) {
+					$results[ $alias ] = $this->convertValueToDataType(
+						$db_results_row[ $alias ],
+						$this->_custom_selections->getDataTypeForAlias($alias)
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $results;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will set the value for the given alias
+	 *
+	 * @param string $value
+	 * @param string $datatype (one of %d, %s, %f)
+	 * @return int|string|float (int for %d, string for %s, float for %f)
+	 */
+	protected function convertValueToDataType($value, $datatype)
+	{
+		switch ($datatype) {
+			case '%f':
+				return (float) $value;
+			case '%d':
+				return (int) $value;
+			default:
+				return (string) $value;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * The purpose of this method is to allow us to create a model object that is not in the db that holds default
+	 * values. A typical example of where this is used is when creating a new item and the initial load of a form.  We
+	 * dont' necessarily want to test for if the object is present but just assume it is BUT load the defaults from the
+	 * object (as set in the model_field!).
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class single EE_Base_Class object with default values for the properties.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function create_default_object()
+	{
+		$this_model_fields_and_values = [];
+		// setup the row using default values;
+		foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			$this_model_fields_and_values[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+		}
+		$className     = $this->_get_class_name();
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_class(
+			$className,
+			[$this_model_fields_and_values],
+			false,
+			false
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param mixed $cols_n_values either an array of where each key is the name of a field, and the value is its value
+	 *                             or an stdClass where each property is the name of a column,
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($cols_n_values)
+	{
+		if (! is_array($cols_n_values) && is_object($cols_n_values)) {
+			$cols_n_values = get_object_vars($cols_n_values);
+		}
+		$primary_key = null;
+		// make sure the array only has keys that are fields/columns on this model
+		$this_model_fields_n_values = $this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values);
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($this_model_fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ])) {
+			$primary_key = $this_model_fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ];
+		}
+		$className = $this->_get_class_name();
+		// check we actually found results that we can use to build our model object
+		// if not, return null
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if (empty($this_model_fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ])) {
+				return null;
+			}
+		} elseif ($this->unique_indexes()) {
+			$first_column = reset($this_model_fields_n_values);
+			if (empty($first_column)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+		}
+		// if there is no primary key or the object doesn't already exist in the entity map, then create a new instance
+		if ($primary_key) {
+			$classInstance = $this->get_from_entity_map($primary_key);
+			if (! $classInstance) {
+				$classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
+											->load_class(
+												$className,
+												[$this_model_fields_n_values, $this->_timezone],
+												true,
+												false
+											);
+				// add this new object to the entity map
+				$classInstance = $this->add_to_entity_map($classInstance);
+			}
+		} else {
+			$classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
+										->load_class(
+											$className,
+											[$this_model_fields_n_values, $this->_timezone],
+											true,
+											false
+										);
+		}
+		return $classInstance;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model object from the  entity map if it exists
+	 *
+	 * @param int|string $id the ID of the model object
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 */
+	public function get_from_entity_map($id)
+	{
+		return isset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ])
+			? $this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ] : null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * add_to_entity_map
+	 * Adds the object to the model's entity mappings
+	 *        Effectively tells the models "Hey, this model object is the most up-to-date representation of the data,
+	 *        and for the remainder of the request, it's even more up-to-date than what's in the database.
+	 *        So, if the database doesn't agree with what's in the entity mapper, ignore the database"
+	 *        If the database gets updated directly and you want the entity mapper to reflect that change,
+	 *        then this method should be called immediately after the update query
+	 * Note: The map is indexed by whatever the current blog id is set (via EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id).  This is
+	 * so on multisite, the entity map is specific to the query being done for a specific site.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $object
+	 * @return \EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function add_to_entity_map(EE_Base_Class $object)
+	{
+		$className = $this->_get_class_name();
+		if (! $object instanceof $className) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__("You tried adding a %s to a mapping of %ss", "event_espresso"),
+					is_object($object) ? get_class($object) : $object,
+					$className
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		/** @var $object EE_Base_Class */
+		if (! $object->ID()) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"You tried storing a model object with NO ID in the %s entity mapper.",
+						"event_espresso"
+					),
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// double check it's not already there
+		$classInstance = $this->get_from_entity_map($object->ID());
+		if ($classInstance) {
+			return $classInstance;
+		}
+		$this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $object->ID() ] = $object;
+		return $object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * if a valid identifier is provided, then that entity is unset from the entity map,
+	 * if no identifier is provided, then the entire entity map is emptied
+	 *
+	 * @param int|string $id the ID of the model object
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function clear_entity_map($id = null)
+	{
+		if (empty($id)) {
+			$this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ] = [];
+			return true;
+		}
+		if (isset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ])) {
+			unset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ]);
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Public wrapper for _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values.
+	 * Given an array where keys are column (or column alias) names and values,
+	 * returns an array of their corresponding field names and database values
+	 *
+	 * @param array $cols_n_values
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values(array $cols_n_values): array
+	{
+		return $this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values
+	 * Given an array where keys are column (or column alias) names and values,
+	 * returns an array of their corresponding field names and database values
+	 *
+	 * @param array $cols_n_values
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values(array $cols_n_values): array
+	{
+		$this_model_fields_n_values = [];
+		foreach ($this->get_tables() as $table_alias => $table_obj) {
+			$table_pk_value = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
+				$cols_n_values,
+				$table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column(),
+				$table_obj->get_pk_column()
+			);
+			// there is a primary key on this table and its not set. Use defaults for all its columns
+			if ($table_pk_value === null && $table_obj->get_pk_column()) {
+				foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+					if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+						// prepare field as if its coming from db
+						$prepared_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_obj->get_default_value());
+						$this_model_fields_n_values[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->prepare_for_use_in_db($prepared_value);
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				// the table's rows existed. Use their values
+				foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+					if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+						$this_model_fields_n_values[ $field_name ] = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
+							$cols_n_values,
+							$field_obj->get_qualified_column(),
+							$field_obj->get_table_column()
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $this_model_fields_n_values;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array $cols_n_values
+	 * @param $qualified_column
+	 * @param $regular_column
+	 * @return null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(array $cols_n_values, $qualified_column, $regular_column)
+	{
+		$value = null;
+		// ask the field what it think it's table_name.column_name should be, and call it the "qualified column"
+		// does the field on the model relate to this column retrieved from the db?
+		// or is it a db-only field? (not relating to the model)
+		if (isset($cols_n_values[ $qualified_column ])) {
+			$value = $cols_n_values[ $qualified_column ];
+		} elseif (isset($cols_n_values[ $regular_column ])) {
+			$value = $cols_n_values[ $regular_column ];
+		} elseif (! empty($this->foreign_key_aliases)) {
+			// no PK?  ok check if there is a foreign key alias set for this table
+			// then check if that alias exists in the incoming data
+			// AND that the actual PK the $FK_alias represents matches the $qualified_column (full PK)
+			foreach ($this->foreign_key_aliases as $FK_alias => $PK_column) {
+				if ($PK_column === $qualified_column && isset($cols_n_values[ $FK_alias ])) {
+					$value = $cols_n_values[ $FK_alias ];
+					[$pk_class] = explode('.', $PK_column);
+					$pk_model_name = "EEM_{$pk_class}";
+					/** @var EEM_Base $pk_model */
+					$pk_model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($pk_model_name);
+					if ($pk_model instanceof EEM_Base) {
+						// make sure object is pulled from db and added to entity map
+						$pk_model->get_one_by_ID($value);
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * refresh_entity_map_from_db
+	 * Makes sure the model object in the entity map at $id assumes the values
+	 * of the database (opposite of EE_base_Class::save())
+	 *
+	 * @param int|string $id
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class|mixed|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function refresh_entity_map_from_db($id)
+	{
+		$obj_in_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		if ($obj_in_map) {
+			$wpdb_results = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results(
+				[[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id], 'limit' => 1]
+			);
+			if ($wpdb_results && is_array($wpdb_results)) {
+				$one_row = reset($wpdb_results);
+				foreach ($this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($one_row) as $field_name => $db_value) {
+					$obj_in_map->set_from_db($field_name, $db_value);
+				}
+				// clear the cache of related model objects
+				foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+					$obj_in_map->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
+				}
+			}
+			$this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ] = $obj_in_map;
+			return $obj_in_map;
+		}
+		return $this->get_one_by_ID($id);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * refresh_entity_map_with
+	 * Leaves the entry in the entity map alone, but updates it to match the provided
+	 * $replacing_model_obj (which we assume to be its equivalent but somehow NOT in the entity map).
+	 * This is useful if you have a model object you want to make authoritative over what's in the entity map currently.
+	 * Note: The old $replacing_model_obj should now be destroyed as it's now un-authoritative
+	 *
+	 * @param int|string    $id
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $replacing_model_obj
+	 * @return \EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function refresh_entity_map_with($id, $replacing_model_obj)
+	{
+		$obj_in_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		if ($obj_in_map) {
+			if ($replacing_model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				foreach ($replacing_model_obj->model_field_array() as $field_name => $value) {
+					$obj_in_map->set($field_name, $value);
+				}
+				// make the model object in the entity map's cache match the $replacing_model_obj
+				foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+					$obj_in_map->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
+					foreach ($replacing_model_obj->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $cache_id => $cached_obj) {
+						$obj_in_map->cache($relation_name, $cached_obj, $cache_id);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return $obj_in_map;
+		}
+		$this->add_to_entity_map($replacing_model_obj);
+		return $replacing_model_obj;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the EE class that corresponds to this model. Eg, for EEM_Answer that
+	 * would be EE_Answer.To import that class, you'd just add ".class.php" to the name, like so
+	 * require_once($this->_getClassName().".class.php");
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _get_class_name()
+	{
+		return "EE_" . $this->get_this_model_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the name of the items this model represents, for the quantity specified. Eg,
+	 * if $quantity==1, on EEM_Event, it would 'Event' (internationalized), otherwise
+	 * it would be 'Events'.
+	 *
+	 * @param int|float|null $quantity
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function item_name($quantity = 1): string
+	{
+		$quantity = floor($quantity);
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EEM_Base__item_name__plural_or_singular',
+			$quantity > 1 ? $this->plural_item : $this->singular_item,
+			$quantity,
+			$this->plural_item,
+			$this->singular_item
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_TempBase.
+	 * If a method is called on a child of EE_TempBase that doesn't exist, this function is called
+	 * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments. Instead of
+	 * requiring a plugin to extend the EE_TempBase (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that
+	 * happen?) they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}' (eg,
+	 * filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function) and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function
+	 * was called, and an array of the original arguments passed to the function. Whatever their callback function
+	 * returns will be returned by this function. Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
+	 * add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3); function
+	 * my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_TempBase $object,$argsArray){
+	 * $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
+	 *        return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
+	 * }
+	 * require('EEM_Answer.model.php');
+	 * echo EEM_Answer::instance()->my_callback('monkeys',100);
+	 * // will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
+	 *
+	 * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_TempBase, but which
+	 * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
+	 * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __call($methodName, $args)
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		$tagName   = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
+		if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'Method %1$s on model %2$s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: %4$s function my_callback(%4$s \$previousReturnValue, EEM_Base \$object\ $argsArray=NULL ){%4$s     /*function body*/%4$s      return \$whatever;%4$s }%4$s add_filter( \'%3$s\', \'my_callback\', 10, 3 );',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$methodName,
+					$className,
+					$tagName,
+					'<br />'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Ensures $base_class_obj_or_id is of the EE_Base_Class child that corresponds ot this model.
+	 * If not, assumes its an ID, and uses $this->get_one_by_ID() to get the EE_Base_Class.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|string|int $base_class_obj_or_id either:
+	 *                                                       the EE_Base_Class object that corresponds to this Model,
+	 *                                                       the object's class name
+	 *                                                       or object's ID
+	 * @param boolean                  $ensure_is_in_db      if set, we will also verify this model object
+	 *                                                       exists in the database. If it does not, we add it
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ensure_is_obj($base_class_obj_or_id, $ensure_is_in_db = false)
+	{
+		$className = $this->_get_class_name();
+		if ($base_class_obj_or_id instanceof $className) {
+			$model_object = $base_class_obj_or_id;
+		} else {
+			$primary_key_field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
+			if (
+				$primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Int_Field
+				&& (
+					is_int($base_class_obj_or_id)
+					|| is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)
+				)
+			) {
+				// assume it's an ID.
+				// either a proper integer or a string representing an integer (eg "101" instead of 101)
+				$model_object = $this->get_one_by_ID($base_class_obj_or_id);
+			} elseif (
+				$primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_String_Field
+				&& is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)
+			) {
+				// assume its a string representation of the object
+				$model_object = $this->get_one_by_ID($base_class_obj_or_id);
+			} else {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"'%s' is neither an object of type %s, nor an ID! Its full value is '%s'",
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$base_class_obj_or_id,
+						$this->_get_class_name(),
+						print_r($base_class_obj_or_id, true)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		if ($ensure_is_in_db && $model_object->ID() !== null) {
+			$model_object->save();
+		}
+		return $model_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Similar to ensure_is_obj(), this method makes sure $base_class_obj_or_id
+	 * is a value of the this model's primary key. If it's an EE_Base_Class child,
+	 * returns it ID.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $base_class_obj_or_id
+	 * @return int|string depending on the type of this model object's ID
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ensure_is_ID($base_class_obj_or_id)
+	{
+		$className = $this->_get_class_name();
+		if ($base_class_obj_or_id instanceof $className) {
+			/** @var $base_class_obj_or_id EE_Base_Class */
+			$id = $base_class_obj_or_id->ID();
+		} elseif (is_int($base_class_obj_or_id)) {
+			// assume it's an ID
+			$id = $base_class_obj_or_id;
+		} elseif (is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)) {
+			// assume its a string representation of the object
+			$id = $base_class_obj_or_id;
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"'%s' is neither an object of type %s, nor an ID! Its full value is '%s'",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$base_class_obj_or_id,
+					$this->_get_class_name(),
+					print_r($base_class_obj_or_id, true)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $id;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets whether the values passed to the model (eg, values in WHERE, values in INSERT, UPDATE, etc)
+	 * have already been ran through the appropriate model field's prepare_for_use_in_db method. IE, they have
+	 * been sanitized and converted into the appropriate domain.
+	 * Usually the only place you'll want to change the default (which is to assume values have NOT been sanitized by
+	 * the model object/model field) is when making a method call from WITHIN a model object, which has direct access
+	 * to its sanitized values. Note: after changing this setting, you should set it back to its previous value (using
+	 * get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()) eg.
+	 * $EVT = EEM_Event::instance(); $old_setting =
+	 * $EVT->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
+	 * $EVT->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
+	 * $EVT->update(array('foo'=>'bar'),array(array('foo'=>'monkey')));
+	 * $EVT->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object($old_setting);
+	 *
+	 * @param int $values_already_prepared like one of the constants on EEM_Base
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
+		$values_already_prepared = self::not_prepared_by_model_object
+	) {
+		$this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object = $values_already_prepared;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Read comments for assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public function get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()
+	{
+		return $this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the indexes on this model
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Index[]
+	 */
+	public function indexes()
+	{
+		return $this->_indexes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the Unique Indexes on this model
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Unique_Index[]
+	 */
+	public function unique_indexes()
+	{
+		$unique_indexes = [];
+		foreach ($this->_indexes as $name => $index) {
+			if ($index instanceof EE_Unique_Index) {
+				$unique_indexes [ $name ] = $index;
+			}
+		}
+		return $unique_indexes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the fields which, when combined, make the primary key.
+	 * This is usually just an array with 1 element (the primary key), but in cases
+	 * where there is no primary key, it's a combination of fields as defined
+	 * on a primary index
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[] indexed by the field's name
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_combined_primary_key_fields()
+	{
+		foreach ($this->indexes() as $index) {
+			if ($index instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Index) {
+				return $index->fields();
+			}
+		}
+		return [$this->primary_key_name() => $this->get_primary_key_field()];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used to build a primary key string (when the model has no primary key),
+	 * which can be used a unique string to identify this model object.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $fields_n_values keys are field names, values are their values.
+	 *                               Note: if you have results from `EEM_Base::get_all_wpdb_results()`, you need to
+	 *                               run it through `EEM_Base::deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values()`
+	 *                               before passing it to this function (that will convert it from columns-n-values
+	 *                               to field-names-n-values).
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_index_primary_key_string($fields_n_values)
+	{
+		$cols_n_values_for_primary_key_index = array_intersect_key(
+			$fields_n_values,
+			$this->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
+		);
+		return http_build_query($cols_n_values_for_primary_key_index);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the field values from the primary key string
+	 *
+	 * @param string $index_primary_key_string
+	 * @return null|array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @see EEM_Base::get_combined_primary_key_fields() and EEM_Base::get_index_primary_key_string()
+	 */
+	public function parse_index_primary_key_string($index_primary_key_string)
+	{
+		$key_fields = $this->get_combined_primary_key_fields();
+		// check all of them are in the $id
+		$key_vals_in_combined_pk = [];
+		parse_str($index_primary_key_string, $key_vals_in_combined_pk);
+		foreach ($key_fields as $key_field_name => $field_obj) {
+			if (! isset($key_vals_in_combined_pk[ $key_field_name ])) {
+				return null;
+			}
+		}
+		return $key_vals_in_combined_pk;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * verifies that an array of key-value pairs for model fields has a key
+	 * for each field comprising the primary key index
+	 *
+	 * @param array $key_vals
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($key_vals)
+	{
+		$keys_it_should_have = array_keys($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
+		foreach ($keys_it_should_have as $key) {
+			if (! isset($key_vals[ $key ])) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Finds all model objects in the DB that appear to be a copy of $model_object_or_attributes_array.
+	 * We consider something to be a copy if all the attributes match (except the ID, of course).
+	 *
+	 * @param array|EE_Base_Class $model_object_or_attributes_array If its an array, it's field-value pairs
+	 * @param array               $query_params                     @see
+	 *                                                              https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return \EE_Base_Class[] Array keys are object IDs (if there is a primary key on the model. if not, numerically
+	 *                                                              indexed)
+	 */
+	public function get_all_copies($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params = [])
+	{
+		if ($model_object_or_attributes_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$attributes_array = $model_object_or_attributes_array->model_field_array();
+		} elseif (is_array($model_object_or_attributes_array)) {
+			$attributes_array = $model_object_or_attributes_array;
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"get_all_copies should be provided with either a model object or an array of field-value-pairs, but was given %s",
+						"event_espresso"
+					),
+					$model_object_or_attributes_array
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// even copies obviously won't have the same ID, so remove the primary key
+		// from the WHERE conditions for finding copies (if there is a primary key, of course)
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($attributes_array[ $this->primary_key_name() ])) {
+			unset($attributes_array[ $this->primary_key_name() ]);
+		}
+		if (isset($query_params[0])) {
+			$query_params[0] = array_merge($attributes_array, $query_params);
+		} else {
+			$query_params[0] = $attributes_array;
+		}
+		return $this->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first copy we find. See get_all_copies for more details
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed EE_Base_Class | array        $model_object_or_attributes_array
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_one_copy($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params = [])
+	{
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+				'EEM_Base::get_one_copy',
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
+					gettype($query_params)
+				),
+				'4.6.0'
+			);
+			$query_params = [];
+		}
+		$query_params['limit'] = 1;
+		$copies                = $this->get_all_copies($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params);
+		if (is_array($copies)) {
+			return array_shift($copies);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the item with the specified id. Ignores default query parameters because
+	 * we have specified the ID, and its assumed we KNOW what we're doing
+	 *
+	 * @param array      $fields_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values
+	 * @param int|string $id              the value of the primary key to update
+	 * @return int number of rows updated
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update_by_ID($fields_n_values, $id)
+	{
+		$query_params = [
+			[
+				$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id
+			],
+			'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
+		];
+		return $this->update($fields_n_values, $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Changes an operator which was supplied to the models into one usable in SQL
+	 *
+	 * @param string $operator_supplied
+	 * @return string an operator which can be used in SQL
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _prepare_operator_for_sql($operator_supplied)
+	{
+		$sql_operator = $this->_valid_operators[ $operator_supplied ] ?? null;
+		if ($sql_operator) {
+			return $sql_operator;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					"The operator '%s' is not in the list of valid operators: %s",
+					"event_espresso"
+				),
+				$operator_supplied,
+				implode(",", array_keys($this->_valid_operators))
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the valid operators
+	 *
+	 * @return array keys are accepted strings, values are the SQL they are converted to
+	 */
+	public function valid_operators()
+	{
+		return $this->_valid_operators;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the between-style operators (take 2 arguments).
+	 *
+	 * @return array keys are accepted strings, values are the SQL they are converted to
+	 */
+	public function valid_between_style_operators()
+	{
+		return array_intersect(
+			$this->valid_operators(),
+			$this->_between_style_operators
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the "like"-style operators (take a single argument, but it may contain wildcards)
+	 *
+	 * @return array keys are accepted strings, values are the SQL they are converted to
+	 */
+	public function valid_like_style_operators()
+	{
+		return array_intersect(
+			$this->valid_operators(),
+			$this->_like_style_operators
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the "in"-style operators
+	 *
+	 * @return array keys are accepted strings, values are the SQL they are converted to
+	 */
+	public function valid_in_style_operators()
+	{
+		return array_intersect(
+			$this->valid_operators(),
+			$this->_in_style_operators
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the "null"-style operators (accept no arguments)
+	 *
+	 * @return array keys are accepted strings, values are the SQL they are converted to
+	 */
+	public function valid_null_style_operators()
+	{
+		return array_intersect(
+			$this->valid_operators(),
+			$this->_null_style_operators
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets an array where keys are the primary keys and values are their 'names'
+	 * (as determined by the model object's name() function, which is often overridden)
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params like get_all's
+	 * @return string[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_all_names($query_params = [])
+	{
+		$objs  = $this->get_all($query_params);
+		$names = [];
+		foreach ($objs as $obj) {
+			$names[ $obj->ID() ] = $obj->name();
+		}
+		return $names;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets an array of primary keys from the model objects. If you acquired the model objects
+	 * using EEM_Base::get_all() you don't need to call this (and probably shouldn't because
+	 * this is duplicated effort and reduces efficiency) you would be better to use
+	 * array_keys() on $model_objects.
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Base_Class[] $model_objects
+	 * @param boolean          $filter_out_empty_ids if a model object has an ID of '' or 0, don't bother including it
+	 *                                               in the returned array
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_IDs($model_objects, $filter_out_empty_ids = false)
+	{
+		if (! $this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if (WP_DEBUG) {
+				EE_Error::add_error(
+					esc_html__('Trying to get IDs from a model than has no primary key', 'event_espresso'),
+					__FILE__,
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					__LINE__
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		$IDs = [];
+		foreach ($model_objects as $model_object) {
+			$id = $model_object->ID();
+			if (! $id) {
+				if ($filter_out_empty_ids) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (WP_DEBUG) {
+					EE_Error::add_error(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Called %1$s on a model object that has no ID and so probably hasn\'t been saved to the database',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						__FILE__,
+						__FUNCTION__,
+						__LINE__
+					);
+				}
+			}
+			$IDs[] = $id;
+		}
+		return $IDs;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the string used in capabilities relating to this model. If there
+	 * are no capabilities that relate to this model returns false
+	 *
+	 * @return string|false
+	 */
+	public function cap_slug()
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_slug', $this->_caps_slug, $this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the capability-restrictions array (@param string $context
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Default_Where_Conditions[] indexed by associated capability
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @see EEM_Base::_cap_restrictions).
+	 *      If $context is provided (which should be set to one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts())
+	 *      only returns the cap restrictions array in that context (ie, the array
+	 *      at that key)
+	 *
+	 */
+	public function cap_restrictions($context = EEM_Base::caps_read)
+	{
+		EEM_Base::verify_is_valid_cap_context($context);
+		// check if we ought to run the restriction generator first
+		if (
+			isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ])
+			&& $this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ] instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base
+			&& ! $this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ]->has_generated_cap_restrictions()
+		) {
+			$this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ] = array_merge(
+				$this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ],
+				$this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ]->generate_restrictions()
+			);
+		}
+		// and make sure we've finalized the construction of each restriction
+		foreach ($this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ] as $where_conditions_obj) {
+			if ($where_conditions_obj instanceof EE_Default_Where_Conditions) {
+				$where_conditions_obj->_finalize_construct($this);
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Indicating whether or not this model thinks its a wp core model
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_wp_core_model()
+	{
+		return $this->_wp_core_model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the caps that are missing which impose a restriction on
+	 * queries made in this context
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context one of EEM_Base::caps_ constants
+	 * @return EE_Default_Where_Conditions[] indexed by capability name
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function caps_missing($context = EEM_Base::caps_read)
+	{
+		$missing_caps     = [];
+		$cap_restrictions = $this->cap_restrictions($context);
+		foreach ($cap_restrictions as $cap => $restriction_if_no_cap) {
+			if (
+				! EE_Capabilities::instance()
+								 ->current_user_can($cap, $this->get_this_model_name() . '_model_applying_caps')
+			) {
+				$missing_caps[ $cap ] = $restriction_if_no_cap;
+			}
+		}
+		return $missing_caps;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the mapping from capability contexts to action strings used in capability names
+	 *
+	 * @return array keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), and values are usually
+	 * one of 'read', 'edit', or 'delete'
+	 */
+	public function cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map()
+	{
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map',
+			$this->_cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map,
+			$this
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the action string for the specified capability context
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context
+	 * @return string one of EEM_Base::cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map() values
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function cap_action_for_context($context)
+	{
+		$mapping = $this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map();
+		if (isset($mapping[ $context ])) {
+			return $mapping[ $context ];
+		}
+		if ($action = apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_action_for_context', null, $this, $mapping, $context)) {
+			return $action;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'Cannot find capability restrictions for context "%1$s", allowed values are:%2$s',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				$context,
+				implode(',', array_keys($this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map()))
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns all the capability contexts which are valid when querying models
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function valid_cap_contexts()
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__valid_cap_contexts', [
+			self::caps_read,
+			self::caps_read_admin,
+			self::caps_edit,
+			self::caps_delete,
+		]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns all valid options for 'default_where_conditions'
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function valid_default_where_conditions()
+	{
+		return [
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_this_only,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none,
+		];
+	}
+
+	// public static function default_where_conditions_full
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Verifies $context is one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), if not it throws an exception
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function verify_is_valid_cap_context($context)
+	{
+		$valid_cap_contexts = EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts();
+		if (in_array($context, $valid_cap_contexts)) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'Context "%1$s" passed into model "%2$s" is not a valid context. They are: %3$s',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				$context,
+				'EEM_Base',
+				implode(',', $valid_cap_contexts)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Clears all the models field caches. This is only useful when a sub-class
+	 * might have added a field or something and these caches might be invalidated
+	 */
+	protected function _invalidate_field_caches()
+	{
+		$this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields = [];
+		$this->_cached_fields               = null;
+		$this->_cached_fields_non_db_only   = null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the list of all the where query param keys that relate to logic instead of field names
+	 * (eg "and", "or", "not").
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function logic_query_param_keys()
+	{
+		return $this->_logic_query_param_keys;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether or not the where query param array key is for a logic query param.
+	 * Eg 'OR', 'not*', and 'and*because-i-say-so' should all return true, whereas
+	 * 'ATT_fname', 'EVT_name*not-you-or-me', and 'ORG_name' should return false
+	 *
+	 * @param $query_param_key
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public function is_logic_query_param_key($query_param_key)
+	{
+		foreach ($this->logic_query_param_keys() as $logic_query_param_key) {
+			if (
+				$query_param_key === $logic_query_param_key
+				|| strpos($query_param_key, $logic_query_param_key . '*') === 0
+			) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns true if this model has a password field on it (regardless of whether that password field has any content)
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @since 4.9.74.p
+	 */
+	public function hasPassword()
+	{
+		// if we don't yet know if there's a password field, find out and remember it for next time.
+		if ($this->has_password_field === null) {
+			$password_field           = $this->getPasswordField();
+			$this->has_password_field = $password_field instanceof EE_Password_Field ? true : false;
+		}
+		return $this->has_password_field;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the password field on this model, if there is one
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Password_Field|null
+	 * @since 4.9.74.p
+	 */
+	public function getPasswordField()
+	{
+		// if we definetely already know there is a password field or not (because has_password_field is true or false)
+		// there's no need to search for it. If we don't know yet, then find out
+		if ($this->has_password_field === null && $this->password_field === null) {
+			$this->password_field = $this->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Password_Field');
+		}
+		// don't bother setting has_password_field because that's hasPassword()'s job.
+		return $this->password_field;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the list of field (as EE_Model_Field_Bases) that are protected by the password
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @since 4.9.74.p
+	 */
+	public function getPasswordProtectedFields()
+	{
+		$password_field = $this->getPasswordField();
+		$fields         = [];
+		if ($password_field instanceof EE_Password_Field) {
+			$field_names = $password_field->protectedFields();
+			foreach ($field_names as $field_name) {
+				$fields[ $field_name ] = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
+			}
+		}
+		return $fields;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if the current user can perform the requested action on this model
+	 *
+	 * @param string              $cap_to_check one of the array keys from _cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|array $model_obj_or_fields_n_values
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @since 4.9.74.p
+	 */
+	public function currentUserCan($cap_to_check, $model_obj_or_fields_n_values)
+	{
+		if ($model_obj_or_fields_n_values instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$model_obj_or_fields_n_values = $model_obj_or_fields_n_values->model_field_array();
+		}
+		if (! is_array($model_obj_or_fields_n_values)) {
+			throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
+				$model_obj_or_fields_n_values,
+				'EE_Base_Class',
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'%1$s must be passed an `EE_Base_Class or an array of fields names with their values. You passed in something different.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					__FUNCTION__
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $this->exists(
+			$this->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
+				$this->get_index_primary_key_string($model_obj_or_fields_n_values),
+				[
+					'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
+					'caps'                     => $cap_to_check,
+				]
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the query param where conditions key to the password affecting this model.
+	 * Eg on EEM_Event this would just be "password", on EEM_Datetime this would be "Event.password", etc.
+	 *
+	 * @return null|string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ModelConfigurationException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.9.74.p
+	 */
+	public function modelChainAndPassword()
+	{
+		if ($this->model_chain_to_password === null) {
+			throw new ModelConfigurationException(
+				$this,
+				esc_html_x(
+				// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+					'Cannot exclude protected data because the model has not specified which model has the password.',
+					// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+					'1: model name',
+					'event_espresso'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($this->model_chain_to_password === '') {
+			$model_with_password = $this;
+		} else {
+			if ($pos_of_period = strrpos($this->model_chain_to_password, '.')) {
+				$last_model_in_chain = substr($this->model_chain_to_password, $pos_of_period + 1);
+			} else {
+				$last_model_in_chain = $this->model_chain_to_password;
+			}
+			$model_with_password = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($last_model_in_chain);
+		}
+
+		$password_field = $model_with_password->getPasswordField();
+		if ($password_field instanceof EE_Password_Field) {
+			$password_field_name = $password_field->get_name();
+		} else {
+			throw new ModelConfigurationException(
+				$this,
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html_x(
+						'This model claims related model "%1$s" should have a password field on it, but none was found. The model relation chain is "%2$s"',
+						'1: model name, 2: special string',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$model_with_password->get_this_model_name(),
+					$this->model_chain_to_password
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return ($this->model_chain_to_password ? $this->model_chain_to_password . '.' : '') . $password_field_name;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns true if there is a password on a related model which restricts access to some of this model's rows,
+	 * or if this model itself has a password affecting access to some of its other fields.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @since 4.9.74.p
+	 */
+	public function restrictedByRelatedModelPassword()
+	{
+		return $this->model_chain_to_password !== null;
+	}
 }

Spacing +229 added lines, -229 removed lines

@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ 
     protected function __construct($timezone = null)
     {
         // check that the model has not been loaded too soon
-        if (! did_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons')) {
+        if ( ! did_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons')) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ 
          *
          * @var EE_Table_Base[] $_tables
          */
-        $this->_tables = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__tables', $this->_tables);
+        $this->_tables = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__'.get_class($this).'__construct__tables', $this->_tables);
         foreach ($this->_tables as $table_alias => $table_obj) {
             /** @var $table_obj EE_Table_Base */
             $table_obj->_construct_finalize_with_alias($table_alias);
@@ -602,10 +602,10 @@ 
          *
          * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $_fields
          */
-        $this->_fields = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__fields', $this->_fields);
+        $this->_fields = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__'.get_class($this).'__construct__fields', $this->_fields);
         $this->_invalidate_field_caches();
         foreach ($this->_fields as $table_alias => $fields_for_table) {
-            if (! array_key_exists($table_alias, $this->_tables)) {
+            if ( ! array_key_exists($table_alias, $this->_tables)) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ 
          * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base[] $_model_relations
          */
         $this->_model_relations = (array) apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__model_relations',
+            'FHEE__'.get_class($this).'__construct__model_relations',
             $this->_model_relations
         );
         foreach ($this->_model_relations as $model_name => $relation_obj) {
@@ -654,12 +654,12 @@ 
         }
         $this->set_timezone($timezone);
         // finalize default where condition strategy, or set default
-        if (! $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy) {
+        if ( ! $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy) {
             // nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
             $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
         }
         $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy->_finalize_construct($this);
-        if (! $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy) {
+        if ( ! $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy) {
             // nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
             $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
         }
@@ -672,8 +672,8 @@ 
         // initialize the standard cap restriction generators if none were specified by the child constructor
         if (is_array($this->_cap_restriction_generators)) {
             foreach ($this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map() as $cap_context => $action) {
-                if (! isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $cap_context ])) {
-                    $this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $cap_context ] = apply_filters(
+                if ( ! isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[$cap_context])) {
+                    $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$cap_context] = apply_filters(
                         'FHEE__EEM_Base___construct__standard_cap_restriction_generator',
                         new EE_Restriction_Generator_Protected(),
                         $cap_context,
@@ -685,10 +685,10 @@ 
         // if there are cap restriction generators, use them to make the default cap restrictions
         if (is_array($this->_cap_restriction_generators)) {
             foreach ($this->_cap_restriction_generators as $context => $generator_object) {
-                if (! $generator_object) {
+                if ( ! $generator_object) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                if (! $generator_object instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base) {
+                if ( ! $generator_object instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base) {
                     throw new EE_Error(
                         sprintf(
                             esc_html__(
@@ -701,12 +701,12 @@ 
                     );
                 }
                 $action = $this->cap_action_for_context($context);
-                if (! $generator_object->construction_finalized()) {
+                if ( ! $generator_object->construction_finalized()) {
                     $generator_object->_construct_finalize($this, $action);
                 }
             }
         }
-        do_action('AHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__end');
+        do_action('AHEE__'.get_class($this).'__construct__end');
     }
 
 
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ 
      */
     protected static function getLoader(): LoaderInterface
     {
-        if (! EEM_Base::$loader instanceof LoaderInterface) {
+        if ( ! EEM_Base::$loader instanceof LoaderInterface) {
             EEM_Base::$loader = LoaderFactory::getLoader();
         }
         return EEM_Base::$loader;
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ 
      */
     private static function getMirror(): Mirror
     {
-        if (! EEM_Base::$mirror instanceof Mirror) {
+        if ( ! EEM_Base::$mirror instanceof Mirror) {
             EEM_Base::$mirror = EEM_Base::getLoader()->getShared(Mirror::class);
         }
         return EEM_Base::$mirror;
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ 
     public static function instance($timezone = null)
     {
         // check if instance of Espresso_model already exists
-        if (! static::$_instance instanceof static) {
+        if ( ! static::$_instance instanceof static) {
             $arguments = EEM_Base::getModelArguments(static::class, (string) $timezone);
             $model     = new static(...$arguments);
             EEM_Base::getLoader()->share(static::class, $model, $arguments);
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ 
      */
     public static function reset($timezone = null)
     {
-        if (! static::$_instance instanceof EEM_Base) {
+        if ( ! static::$_instance instanceof EEM_Base) {
             return null;
         }
         // Let's NOT swap out the current instance for a new one
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ 
         foreach (EEM_Base::getMirror()->getDefaultProperties(static::class) as $property => $value) {
             // don't set instance to null like it was originally,
             // but it's static anyways, and we're ignoring static properties (for now at least)
-            if (! isset($static_properties[ $property ])) {
+            if ( ! isset($static_properties[$property])) {
                 static::$_instance->{$property} = $value;
             }
         }
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ 
      */
     public function status_array($translated = false)
     {
-        if (! array_key_exists('Status', $this->_model_relations)) {
+        if ( ! array_key_exists('Status', $this->_model_relations)) {
             return [];
         }
         $model_name   = $this->get_this_model_name();
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ 
         $stati        = EEM_Status::instance()->get_all([['STS_type' => $status_type]]);
         $status_array = [];
         foreach ($stati as $status) {
-            $status_array[ $status->ID() ] = $status->get('STS_code');
+            $status_array[$status->ID()] = $status->get('STS_code');
         }
         return $translated
             ? EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status($status_array, false, 'sentence')
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ 
     {
         $wp_user_field_name = $this->wp_user_field_name();
         if ($wp_user_field_name) {
-            $query_params[0][ $wp_user_field_name ] = get_current_user_id();
+            $query_params[0][$wp_user_field_name] = get_current_user_id();
         }
         return $query_params;
     }
@@ -962,17 +962,17 @@ 
     public function wp_user_field_name()
     {
         try {
-            if (! empty($this->_model_chain_to_wp_user)) {
+            if ( ! empty($this->_model_chain_to_wp_user)) {
                 $models_to_follow_to_wp_users = explode('.', $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user);
                 $last_model_name              = end($models_to_follow_to_wp_users);
                 $model_with_fk_to_wp_users    = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($last_model_name);
-                $model_chain_to_wp_user       = $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user . '.';
+                $model_chain_to_wp_user       = $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user.'.';
             } else {
                 $model_with_fk_to_wp_users = $this;
                 $model_chain_to_wp_user    = '';
             }
             $wp_user_field = $model_with_fk_to_wp_users->get_foreign_key_to('WP_User');
-            return $model_chain_to_wp_user . $wp_user_field->get_name();
+            return $model_chain_to_wp_user.$wp_user_field->get_name();
         } catch (EE_Error $e) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -1047,11 +1047,11 @@ 
         if ($this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects) {
             $custom_expressions = $this->_custom_selections->columnsToSelectExpression();
             $select_expressions .= $select_expressions
-                ? ', ' . $custom_expressions
+                ? ', '.$custom_expressions
                 : $custom_expressions;
         }
 
-        $SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+        $SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions ".$this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
         return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_results', [$SQL, $output]);
     }
 
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ 
      */
     protected function getCustomSelection(array $query_params, $columns_to_select = null)
     {
-        if (! isset($query_params['extra_selects']) && $columns_to_select === null) {
+        if ( ! isset($query_params['extra_selects']) && $columns_to_select === null) {
             return null;
         }
         $selects = isset($query_params['extra_selects']) ? $query_params['extra_selects'] : $columns_to_select;
@@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ 
         if (is_array($columns_to_select)) {
             $select_sql_array = [];
             foreach ($columns_to_select as $alias => $selection_and_datatype) {
-                if (! is_array($selection_and_datatype) || ! isset($selection_and_datatype[1])) {
+                if ( ! is_array($selection_and_datatype) || ! isset($selection_and_datatype[1])) {
                     throw new EE_Error(
                         sprintf(
                             esc_html__(
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ 
                         )
                     );
                 }
-                if (! in_array($selection_and_datatype[1], $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types, true)) {
+                if ( ! in_array($selection_and_datatype[1], $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types, true)) {
                     throw new EE_Error(
                         sprintf(
                             esc_html__(
@@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ 
                 ['default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all]
             )
         );
-        $className    = $this->_get_class_name();
+        $className = $this->_get_class_name();
         if ($model_object instanceof $className) {
             // make sure valid objects get added to the entity map
             // so that the next call to this method doesn't trigger another trip to the db
@@ -1206,12 +1206,12 @@ 
      */
     public function alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID($id, $query_params = [])
     {
-        if (! isset($query_params[0])) {
+        if ( ! isset($query_params[0])) {
             $query_params[0] = [];
         }
         $conditions_from_id = $this->parse_index_primary_key_string($id);
         if ($conditions_from_id === null) {
-            $query_params[0][ $this->primary_key_name() ] = $id;
+            $query_params[0][$this->primary_key_name()] = $id;
         } else {
             // no primary key, so the $id must be from the get_index_primary_key_string()
             $query_params[0] = array_replace_recursive($query_params[0], $this->parse_index_primary_key_string($id));
@@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_one($query_params = [])
     {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
                 'EEM_Base::get_one',
                 sprintf(
@@ -1425,7 +1425,7 @@ 
                 return [];
             }
         }
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
                 'EEM_Base::_get_consecutive',
                 sprintf(
@@ -1437,7 +1437,7 @@ 
             $query_params = [];
         }
         // let's add the where query param for consecutive look up.
-        $query_params[0][ $field_to_order_by ] = [$operand, $current_field_value];
+        $query_params[0][$field_to_order_by] = [$operand, $current_field_value];
         $query_params['limit']                 = $limit;
         // set direction
         $incoming_orderby         = isset($query_params['order_by']) ? (array) $query_params['order_by'] : [];
@@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ 
     {
         $field_settings = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
         // if not a valid EE_Datetime_Field then throw error
-        if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+        if ( ! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -1667,7 +1667,7 @@ 
      */
     public function update($fields_n_values, $query_params, $keep_model_objs_in_sync = true)
     {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
                 'EEM_Base::update',
                 sprintf(
@@ -1715,7 +1715,7 @@ 
             $wpdb_result = (array) $wpdb_result;
             // get the model object's PK, as we'll want this if we need to insert a row into secondary tables
             if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                $main_table_pk_value = $wpdb_result[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ];
+                $main_table_pk_value = $wpdb_result[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column()];
             } else {
                 // if there's no primary key, we basically can't support having a 2nd table on the model (we could but it would be lots of work)
                 $main_table_pk_value = null;
@@ -1731,7 +1731,7 @@ 
                     // in this table, right? so insert a row in the current table, using any fields available
                     if (
                         ! (array_key_exists($this_table_pk_column, $wpdb_result)
-                           && $wpdb_result[ $this_table_pk_column ])
+                           && $wpdb_result[$this_table_pk_column])
                     ) {
                         $success = $this->_insert_into_specific_table(
                             $table_obj,
@@ -1739,7 +1739,7 @@ 
                             $main_table_pk_value
                         );
                         // if we died here, report the error
-                        if (! $success) {
+                        if ( ! $success) {
                             return false;
                         }
                     }
@@ -1767,10 +1767,10 @@ 
                 $model_objs_affected_ids     = [];
                 foreach ($models_affected_key_columns as $row) {
                     $combined_index_key                             = $this->get_index_primary_key_string($row);
-                    $model_objs_affected_ids[ $combined_index_key ] = $combined_index_key;
+                    $model_objs_affected_ids[$combined_index_key] = $combined_index_key;
                 }
             }
-            if (! $model_objs_affected_ids) {
+            if ( ! $model_objs_affected_ids) {
                 // wait wait wait- if nothing was affected let's stop here
                 return 0;
             }
@@ -1798,7 +1798,7 @@ 
                 SET {$this->_construct_update_sql($fields_n_values)}
                 {$model_query_info->get_where_sql()}";
         // note: doesn't use _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query() because doesn't accept LIMIT, ORDER BY, etc.
-        $rows_affected    = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', [$SQL]);
+        $rows_affected = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', [$SQL]);
         /**
          * Action called after a model update call has been made.
          *
@@ -1808,7 +1808,7 @@ 
          * @param int      $rows_affected
          */
         do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__update__end', $this, $fields_n_values, $query_params, $rows_affected);
-        return $rows_affected;// how many supposedly got updated
+        return $rows_affected; // how many supposedly got updated
     }
 
 
@@ -1838,7 +1838,7 @@ 
         $model_query_info   = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
         $select_expressions = $field->get_qualified_column();
         $SQL                =
-            "SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+            "SELECT $select_expressions ".$this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
         return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_col', [$SQL]);
     }
 
@@ -1856,7 +1856,7 @@ 
     {
         $query_params['limit'] = 1;
         $col                   = $this->get_col($query_params, $field_to_select);
-        if (! empty($col)) {
+        if ( ! empty($col)) {
             return reset($col);
         }
         return null;
@@ -1886,7 +1886,7 @@ 
             $prepared_value  = $this->_prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values);
             $value_sql       = $prepared_value === null ? 'NULL'
                 : $wpdb->prepare($field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type(), $prepared_value);
-            $cols_n_values[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column() . "=" . $value_sql;
+            $cols_n_values[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column()."=".$value_sql;
         }
         return implode(",", $cols_n_values);
     }
@@ -2017,7 +2017,7 @@ 
                                 . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql()
                                 . " WHERE "
                                 . $deletion_where_query_part;
-            $rows_deleted     = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', [$SQL]);
+            $rows_deleted = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', [$SQL]);
         } else {
             $rows_deleted = 0;
         }
@@ -2027,12 +2027,12 @@ 
         if (
             $this->has_primary_key_field()
             && $rows_deleted !== false
-            && isset($columns_and_ids_for_deleting[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ])
+            && isset($columns_and_ids_for_deleting[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column()])
         ) {
-            $ids_for_removal = $columns_and_ids_for_deleting[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ];
+            $ids_for_removal = $columns_and_ids_for_deleting[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column()];
             foreach ($ids_for_removal as $id) {
-                if (isset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ])) {
-                    unset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ]);
+                if (isset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id])) {
+                    unset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id]);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -2069,7 +2069,7 @@ 
          * @param int      $rows_deleted
          */
         do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__end', $this, $query_params, $rows_deleted, $columns_and_ids_for_deleting);
-        return $rows_deleted;// how many supposedly got deleted
+        return $rows_deleted; // how many supposedly got deleted
     }
 
 
@@ -2163,15 +2163,15 @@ 
                 if (
                     $allow_blocking
                     && $this->delete_is_blocked_by_related_models(
-                        $item_to_delete[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ]
+                        $item_to_delete[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()]
                     )
                 ) {
                     continue;
                 }
                 // primary table deletes
-                if (isset($item_to_delete[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ])) {
-                    $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ][] =
-                        $item_to_delete[ $primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column() ];
+                if (isset($item_to_delete[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()])) {
+                    $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()][] =
+                        $item_to_delete[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()];
                 }
             }
         } elseif (count($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields()) > 1) {
@@ -2180,8 +2180,8 @@ 
                 $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_row = [];
                 foreach ($fields as $cpk_field) {
                     if ($cpk_field instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-                        $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_row[ $cpk_field->get_qualified_column() ] =
-                            $item_to_delete[ $cpk_field->get_qualified_column() ];
+                        $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_row[$cpk_field->get_qualified_column()] =
+                            $item_to_delete[$cpk_field->get_qualified_column()];
                     }
                 }
                 $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column[] = $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_row;
@@ -2219,7 +2219,7 @@ 
         } elseif ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
             $query = [];
             foreach ($ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column as $column => $ids) {
-                $query[] = $column . ' IN' . $this->_construct_in_value($ids, $this->_primary_key_field);
+                $query[] = $column.' IN'.$this->_construct_in_value($ids, $this->_primary_key_field);
             }
             $query_part = ! empty($query) ? implode(' AND ', $query) : $query_part;
         } elseif (count($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields()) > 1) {
@@ -2227,7 +2227,7 @@ 
             foreach ($ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column as $ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_each_row) {
                 $values_for_each_combined_primary_key_for_a_row = [];
                 foreach ($ids_to_delete_indexed_by_column_for_each_row as $column => $id) {
-                    $values_for_each_combined_primary_key_for_a_row[] = $column . '=' . $id;
+                    $values_for_each_combined_primary_key_for_a_row[] = $column.'='.$id;
                 }
                 $ways_to_identify_a_row[] = '('
                                             . implode(' AND ', $values_for_each_combined_primary_key_for_a_row)
@@ -2299,9 +2299,9 @@ 
                 $column_to_count = '*';
             }
         }
-        $column_to_count = $distinct ? "DISTINCT " . $column_to_count : $column_to_count;
+        $column_to_count = $distinct ? "DISTINCT ".$column_to_count : $column_to_count;
         $SQL             =
-            "SELECT COUNT(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+            "SELECT COUNT(".$column_to_count.")".$this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
         return (int) $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', [$SQL]);
     }
 
@@ -2325,7 +2325,7 @@ 
         }
         $column_to_count = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
         $SQL             =
-            "SELECT SUM(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+            "SELECT SUM(".$column_to_count.")".$this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
         $return_value    = $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', [$SQL]);
         $data_type       = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
         if ($data_type === '%d' || $data_type === '%s') {
@@ -2351,7 +2351,7 @@ 
         // if we're in maintenance mode level 2, DON'T run any queries
         // because level 2 indicates the database needs updating and
         // is probably out of sync with the code
-        if (! EE_Maintenance_Mode::instance()->models_can_query()) {
+        if ( ! EE_Maintenance_Mode::instance()->models_can_query()) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -2363,7 +2363,7 @@ 
         }
         /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
         global $wpdb;
-        if (! method_exists($wpdb, $wpdb_method)) {
+        if ( ! method_exists($wpdb, $wpdb_method)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -2382,7 +2382,7 @@ 
         $this->show_db_query_if_previously_requested($wpdb->last_query);
         if (WP_DEBUG) {
             $wpdb->show_errors($old_show_errors_value);
-            if (! empty($wpdb->last_error)) {
+            if ( ! empty($wpdb->last_error)) {
                 throw new EE_Error(sprintf(esc_html__('WPDB Error: "%s"', 'event_espresso'), $wpdb->last_error));
             }
             if ($result === false) {
@@ -2453,7 +2453,7 @@ 
                     return $result;
                     break;
             }
-            if (! empty($error_message)) {
+            if ( ! empty($error_message)) {
                 EE_Log::instance()->log(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, $error_message, 'error');
                 trigger_error($error_message);
             }
@@ -2530,11 +2530,11 @@ 
      */
     private function _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info)
     {
-        return " FROM " . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_where_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_group_by_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_having_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_order_by_sql() .
+        return " FROM ".$model_query_info->get_full_join_sql().
+               $model_query_info->get_where_sql().
+               $model_query_info->get_group_by_sql().
+               $model_query_info->get_having_sql().
+               $model_query_info->get_order_by_sql().
                $model_query_info->get_limit_sql();
     }
 
@@ -2723,12 +2723,12 @@ 
         $related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
         // we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
         // except add a condition to say to match the current mod
-        if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
+        if ( ! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
             $query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
         }
         $this_model_name                                                 = $this->get_this_model_name();
         $this_pk_field_name                                              = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-        $query_params[0][ $this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name ] = $id_or_obj;
+        $query_params[0][$this_model_name.".".$this_pk_field_name] = $id_or_obj;
         return $related_model->count($query_params, $field_to_count, $distinct);
     }
 
@@ -2748,7 +2748,7 @@ 
     public function sum_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params, $field_to_sum = null)
     {
         $related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
                 'EEM_Base::sum_related',
                 sprintf(
@@ -2761,12 +2761,12 @@ 
         }
         // we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
         // except add a condition to say to match the current mod
-        if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
+        if ( ! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
             $query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
         }
         $this_model_name                                                 = $this->get_this_model_name();
         $this_pk_field_name                                              = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-        $query_params[0][ $this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name ] = $id_or_obj;
+        $query_params[0][$this_model_name.".".$this_pk_field_name] = $id_or_obj;
         return $related_model->sum($query_params, $field_to_sum);
     }
 
@@ -2817,7 +2817,7 @@ 
                 $field_with_model_name = $field;
             }
         }
-        if (! isset($field_with_model_name) || ! $field_with_model_name) {
+        if ( ! isset($field_with_model_name) || ! $field_with_model_name) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__("There is no EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name field on model %s", "event_espresso"),
@@ -2953,14 +2953,14 @@ 
                 || $this->get_primary_key_field()
                    instanceof
                    EE_Primary_Key_String_Field)
-            && isset($fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ])
+            && isset($fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()])
         ) {
-            $query_params[0]['OR'][ $this->primary_key_name() ] = $fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ];
+            $query_params[0]['OR'][$this->primary_key_name()] = $fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()];
         }
         foreach ($this->unique_indexes() as $unique_index_name => $unique_index) {
             $uniqueness_where_params                              =
                 array_intersect_key($fields_n_values, $unique_index->fields());
-            $query_params[0]['OR'][ 'AND*' . $unique_index_name ] = $uniqueness_where_params;
+            $query_params[0]['OR']['AND*'.$unique_index_name] = $uniqueness_where_params;
         }
         // if there is nothing to base this search on, then we shouldn't find anything
         if (empty($query_params)) {
@@ -3035,16 +3035,16 @@ 
             $prepared_value = $this->_prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values);
             // if the value we want to assign it to is NULL, just don't mention it for the insertion
             if ($prepared_value !== null) {
-                $insertion_col_n_values[ $field_obj->get_table_column() ] = $prepared_value;
+                $insertion_col_n_values[$field_obj->get_table_column()] = $prepared_value;
                 $format_for_insertion[]                                   = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
             }
         }
         if ($table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table && $new_id) {
             // its not the main table, so we should have already saved the main table's PK which we just inserted
             // so add the fk to the main table as a column
-            $insertion_col_n_values[ $table->get_fk_on_table() ] = $new_id;
+            $insertion_col_n_values[$table->get_fk_on_table()] = $new_id;
             $format_for_insertion[]                              =
-                '%d';// yes right now we're only allowing these foreign keys to be INTs
+                '%d'; // yes right now we're only allowing these foreign keys to be INTs
         }
 
         // insert the new entry
@@ -3062,7 +3062,7 @@ 
             }
             // it's not an auto-increment primary key, so
             // it must have been supplied
-            return $fields_n_values[ $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() ];
+            return $fields_n_values[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()];
         }
         // we can't return a  primary key because there is none. instead return
         // a unique string indicating this model
@@ -3084,10 +3084,10 @@ 
     {
         $field_name = $field_obj->get_name();
         // if this field doesn't allow nullable, don't allow it
-        if (! $field_obj->is_nullable() && ! isset($fields_n_values[ $field_name ])) {
-            $fields_n_values[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+        if ( ! $field_obj->is_nullable() && ! isset($fields_n_values[$field_name])) {
+            $fields_n_values[$field_name] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
         }
-        $unprepared_value = $fields_n_values[ $field_name ] ?? null;
+        $unprepared_value = $fields_n_values[$field_name] ?? null;
         return $this->_prepare_value_for_use_in_db($unprepared_value, $field_obj);
     }
 
@@ -3188,7 +3188,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_table_obj_by_alias($table_alias = '')
     {
-        return isset($this->_tables[ $table_alias ]) ? $this->_tables[ $table_alias ] : null;
+        return isset($this->_tables[$table_alias]) ? $this->_tables[$table_alias] : null;
     }
 
 
@@ -3202,7 +3202,7 @@ 
         $other_tables = [];
         foreach ($this->_tables as $table_alias => $table) {
             if ($table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
-                $other_tables[ $table_alias ] = $table;
+                $other_tables[$table_alias] = $table;
             }
         }
         return $other_tables;
@@ -3217,7 +3217,7 @@ 
      */
     public function _get_fields_for_table($table_alias)
     {
-        return $this->_fields[ $table_alias ];
+        return $this->_fields[$table_alias];
     }
 
 
@@ -3246,7 +3246,7 @@ 
                     $query_info_carrier,
                     'group_by'
                 );
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['group_by'])) {
+            } elseif ( ! empty($query_params['group_by'])) {
                 $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
                     $query_params['group_by'],
                     $query_info_carrier,
@@ -3268,7 +3268,7 @@ 
                     $query_info_carrier,
                     'order_by'
                 );
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
+            } elseif ( ! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
                 $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
                     $query_params['order_by'],
                     $query_info_carrier,
@@ -3303,7 +3303,7 @@ 
         EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
         $query_param_type
     ) {
-        if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
+        if ( ! empty($sub_query_params)) {
             $sub_query_params = (array) $sub_query_params;
             foreach ($sub_query_params as $param => $possibly_array_of_params) {
                 // $param could be simply 'EVT_ID', or it could be 'Registrations.REG_ID', or even 'Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_amount'
@@ -3319,7 +3319,7 @@ 
                 $query_param_sans_stars =
                     $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($param);
                 if (in_array($query_param_sans_stars, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
-                    if (! is_array($possibly_array_of_params)) {
+                    if ( ! is_array($possibly_array_of_params)) {
                         throw new EE_Error(
                             sprintf(
                                 esc_html__(
@@ -3345,7 +3345,7 @@ 
                     // then $possible_array_of_params looks something like array('<','DTT_sold',true)
                     // indicating that $possible_array_of_params[1] is actually a field name,
                     // from which we should extract query parameters!
-                    if (! isset($possibly_array_of_params[0], $possibly_array_of_params[1])) {
+                    if ( ! isset($possibly_array_of_params[0], $possibly_array_of_params[1])) {
                         throw new EE_Error(
                             sprintf(
                                 esc_html__(
@@ -3385,8 +3385,8 @@ 
         EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
         $query_param_type
     ) {
-        if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
-            if (! is_array($sub_query_params)) {
+        if ( ! empty($sub_query_params)) {
+            if ( ! is_array($sub_query_params)) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__("Query parameter %s should be an array, but it isn't.", "event_espresso"),
@@ -3423,7 +3423,7 @@ 
      */
     public function _create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params)
     {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
                 'EEM_Base::_create_model_query_info_carrier',
                 sprintf(
@@ -3454,7 +3454,7 @@ 
             // only include if related to a cpt where no password has been set
             $query_params[0]['OR*nopassword'] = [
                 $where_param_key_for_password       => '',
-                $where_param_key_for_password . '*' => ['IS_NULL'],
+                $where_param_key_for_password.'*' => ['IS_NULL'],
             ];
         }
         $query_object = $this->_extract_related_models_from_query($query_params);
@@ -3508,7 +3508,7 @@ 
         // set limit
         if (array_key_exists('limit', $query_params)) {
             if (is_array($query_params['limit'])) {
-                if (! isset($query_params['limit'][0], $query_params['limit'][1])) {
+                if ( ! isset($query_params['limit'][0], $query_params['limit'][1])) {
                     $e = sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
                             "Invalid DB query. You passed '%s' for the LIMIT, but only the following are valid: an integer, string representing an integer, a string like 'int,int', or an array like array(int,int)",
@@ -3516,12 +3516,12 @@ 
                         ),
                         http_build_query($query_params['limit'])
                     );
-                    throw new EE_Error($e . "|" . $e);
+                    throw new EE_Error($e."|".$e);
                 }
                 // they passed us an array for the limit. Assume it's like array(50,25), meaning offset by 50, and get 25
-                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit'][0] . "," . $query_params['limit'][1]);
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['limit'])) {
-                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit']);
+                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT ".$query_params['limit'][0].",".$query_params['limit'][1]);
+            } elseif ( ! empty($query_params['limit'])) {
+                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT ".$query_params['limit']);
             }
         }
         // set order by
@@ -3553,10 +3553,10 @@ 
                 $order_array = [];
                 foreach ($query_params['order_by'] as $field_name_to_order_by => $order) {
                     $order         = $this->_extract_order($order);
-                    $order_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_order_by) . SP . $order;
+                    $order_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_order_by).SP.$order;
                 }
-                $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . implode(",", $order_array));
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
+                $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY ".implode(",", $order_array));
+            } elseif ( ! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
                 $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
                     $query_params['order_by'],
                     $query_object,
@@ -3567,7 +3567,7 @@ 
                     ? $this->_extract_order($query_params['order'])
                     : 'DESC';
                 $query_object->set_order_by_sql(
-                    " ORDER BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['order_by']) . SP . $order
+                    " ORDER BY ".$this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['order_by']).SP.$order
                 );
             }
         }
@@ -3579,7 +3579,7 @@ 
         ) {
             $pk_field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
             $order    = $this->_extract_order($query_params['order']);
-            $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . $pk_field->get_qualified_column() . SP . $order);
+            $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY ".$pk_field->get_qualified_column().SP.$order);
         }
         // set group by
         if (array_key_exists('group_by', $query_params)) {
@@ -3589,10 +3589,10 @@ 
                 foreach ($query_params['group_by'] as $field_name_to_group_by) {
                     $group_by_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_group_by);
                 }
-                $query_object->set_group_by_sql(" GROUP BY " . implode(", ", $group_by_array));
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['group_by'])) {
+                $query_object->set_group_by_sql(" GROUP BY ".implode(", ", $group_by_array));
+            } elseif ( ! empty($query_params['group_by'])) {
                 $query_object->set_group_by_sql(
-                    " GROUP BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['group_by'])
+                    " GROUP BY ".$this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['group_by'])
                 );
             }
         }
@@ -3602,7 +3602,7 @@ 
         }
         // now, just verify they didn't pass anything wack
         foreach ($query_params as $query_key => $query_value) {
-            if (! in_array($query_key, $this->_allowed_query_params, true)) {
+            if ( ! in_array($query_key, $this->_allowed_query_params, true)) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -3710,7 +3710,7 @@ 
         $where_query_params = []
     ) {
         $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values = EEM_Base::valid_default_where_conditions();
-        if (! in_array($use_default_where_conditions, $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)) {
+        if ( ! in_array($use_default_where_conditions, $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -3740,7 +3740,7 @@ 
                 // we don't want to add full or even minimum default where conditions from this model, so just continue
                 continue;
             }
-            $overrides              = $this->_override_defaults_or_make_null_friendly(
+            $overrides = $this->_override_defaults_or_make_null_friendly(
                 $related_model_universal_where_params,
                 $where_query_params,
                 $related_model,
@@ -3849,19 +3849,19 @@ 
     ) {
         $null_friendly_where_conditions = [];
         $none_overridden                = true;
-        $or_condition_key_for_defaults  = 'OR*' . get_class($model);
+        $or_condition_key_for_defaults  = 'OR*'.get_class($model);
         foreach ($default_where_conditions as $key => $val) {
-            if (isset($provided_where_conditions[ $key ])) {
+            if (isset($provided_where_conditions[$key])) {
                 $none_overridden = false;
             } else {
-                $null_friendly_where_conditions[ $or_condition_key_for_defaults ]['AND'][ $key ] = $val;
+                $null_friendly_where_conditions[$or_condition_key_for_defaults]['AND'][$key] = $val;
             }
         }
         if ($none_overridden && $default_where_conditions) {
             if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                $null_friendly_where_conditions[ $or_condition_key_for_defaults ][ $model_relation_path
+                $null_friendly_where_conditions[$or_condition_key_for_defaults][$model_relation_path
                                                                                    . "."
-                                                                                   . $model->primary_key_name() ] =
+                                                                                   . $model->primary_key_name()] =
                     ['IS NULL'];
             }/*else{
                 //@todo NO PK, use other defaults
@@ -3968,7 +3968,7 @@ 
             foreach ($tables as $table_obj) {
                 $qualified_pk_column = $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
                                        . $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column();
-                if (! in_array($qualified_pk_column, $selects)) {
+                if ( ! in_array($qualified_pk_column, $selects)) {
                     $selects[] = "$qualified_pk_column AS '$qualified_pk_column'";
                 }
             }
@@ -4120,9 +4120,9 @@ 
         $query_parameter_type
     ) {
         foreach ($this->_model_relations as $valid_related_model_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if (strpos($possible_join_string, $valid_related_model_name . ".") === 0) {
+            if (strpos($possible_join_string, $valid_related_model_name.".") === 0) {
                 $this->_add_join_to_model($valid_related_model_name, $query_info_carrier, $original_query_param);
-                $possible_join_string = substr($possible_join_string, strlen($valid_related_model_name . "."));
+                $possible_join_string = substr($possible_join_string, strlen($valid_related_model_name."."));
                 if ($possible_join_string === '') {
                     // nothing left to $query_param
                     // we should actually end in a field name, not a model like this!
@@ -4255,7 +4255,7 @@ 
     {
         $SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($where_params, ' AND ');
         if ($SQL) {
-            return " WHERE " . $SQL;
+            return " WHERE ".$SQL;
         }
         return '';
     }
@@ -4273,7 +4273,7 @@ 
     {
         $SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($having_params, ' AND ');
         if ($SQL) {
-            return " HAVING " . $SQL;
+            return " HAVING ".$SQL;
         }
         return '';
     }
@@ -4327,7 +4327,7 @@ 
             } else {
                 $field_obj = $this->_deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param);
                 // if it's not a normal field, maybe it's a custom selection?
-                if (! $field_obj) {
+                if ( ! $field_obj) {
                     if ($this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects) {
                         $field_obj = $this->_custom_selections->getDataTypeForAlias($query_param);
                     } else {
@@ -4343,7 +4343,7 @@ 
                     }
                 }
                 $op_and_value_sql = $this->_construct_op_and_value($op_and_value_or_sub_condition, $field_obj);
-                $where_clauses[]  = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param) . SP . $op_and_value_sql;
+                $where_clauses[]  = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param).SP.$op_and_value_sql;
             }
         }
         return $where_clauses ? implode($glue, $where_clauses) : '';
@@ -4365,7 +4365,7 @@ 
                 $field->get_model_name(),
                 $query_param
             );
-            return $table_alias_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
+            return $table_alias_prefix.$field->get_qualified_column();
         }
         if (
             $this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects
@@ -4423,7 +4423,7 @@ 
     {
         if (is_array($op_and_value)) {
             $operator = isset($op_and_value[0]) ? $this->_prepare_operator_for_sql($op_and_value[0]) : null;
-            if (! $operator) {
+            if ( ! $operator) {
                 $php_array_like_string = [];
                 foreach ($op_and_value as $key => $value) {
                     $php_array_like_string[] = "$key=>$value";
@@ -4445,14 +4445,14 @@ 
         }
         // check to see if the value is actually another field
         if (is_array($op_and_value) && isset($op_and_value[2]) && $op_and_value[2] == true) {
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($value);
+            return $operator.SP.$this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($value);
         }
         if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && is_array($value)) {
             // in this case, the value should be an array, or at least a comma-separated list
             // it will need to handle a little differently
             $cleaned_value = $this->_construct_in_value($value, $field_obj);
             // note: $cleaned_value has already been run through $wpdb->prepare()
-            return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
+            return $operator.SP.$cleaned_value;
         }
         if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_between_style_operators()) && is_array($value)) {
             // the value should be an array with count of two.
@@ -4468,7 +4468,7 @@ 
                 );
             }
             $cleaned_value = $this->_construct_between_value($value, $field_obj);
-            return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
+            return $operator.SP.$cleaned_value;
         }
         if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_null_style_operators())) {
             if ($value !== null) {
@@ -4488,10 +4488,10 @@ 
         if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_like_style_operators()) && ! is_array($value)) {
             // if the operator is 'LIKE', we want to allow percent signs (%) and not
             // remove other junk. So just treat it as a string.
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, '%s');
+            return $operator.SP.$this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, '%s');
         }
-        if (! in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && ! is_array($value)) {
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
+        if ( ! in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && ! is_array($value)) {
+            return $operator.SP.$this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
         }
         if (in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && ! is_array($value)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
@@ -4505,7 +4505,7 @@ 
                 )
             );
         }
-        if (! in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && is_array($value)) {
+        if ( ! in_array($operator, $this->valid_in_style_operators()) && is_array($value)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -4544,7 +4544,7 @@ 
         foreach ($values as $value) {
             $cleaned_values[] = $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
         }
-        return $cleaned_values[0] . " AND " . $cleaned_values[1];
+        return $cleaned_values[0]." AND ".$cleaned_values[1];
     }
 
 
@@ -4582,7 +4582,7 @@ 
             $main_table  = $this->_get_main_table();
             $prepped[]   = "SELECT {$first_field->get_table_column()} FROM {$main_table->get_table_name()} WHERE FALSE";
         }
-        return '(' . implode(',', $prepped) . ')';
+        return '('.implode(',', $prepped).')';
     }
 
 
@@ -4602,7 +4602,7 @@ 
                 $this->_prepare_value_for_use_in_db($value, $field_obj)
             );
         } //$field_obj should really just be a data type
-        if (! in_array($field_obj, $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
+        if ( ! in_array($field_obj, $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__("%s is not a valid wpdb datatype. Valid ones are %s", "event_espresso"),
@@ -4639,14 +4639,14 @@ 
             );
         }
         $number_of_parts       = count($query_param_parts);
-        $last_query_param_part = $query_param_parts[ count($query_param_parts) - 1 ];
+        $last_query_param_part = $query_param_parts[count($query_param_parts) - 1];
         if ($number_of_parts === 1) {
             $field_name = $last_query_param_part;
             $model_obj  = $this;
         } else {// $number_of_parts >= 2
             // the last part is the column name, and there are only 2parts. therefore...
             $field_name = $last_query_param_part;
-            $model_obj  = $this->get_related_model_obj($query_param_parts[ $number_of_parts - 2 ]);
+            $model_obj  = $this->get_related_model_obj($query_param_parts[$number_of_parts - 2]);
         }
         try {
             return $model_obj->field_settings_for($field_name);
@@ -4667,7 +4667,7 @@ 
     public function _get_qualified_column_for_field($field_name)
     {
         $all_fields = $this->field_settings();
-        $field      = isset($all_fields[ $field_name ]) ? $all_fields[ $field_name ] : false;
+        $field      = isset($all_fields[$field_name]) ? $all_fields[$field_name] : false;
         if ($field) {
             return $field->get_qualified_column();
         }
@@ -4737,10 +4737,10 @@ 
      */
     public function get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields($model_relation_chain = '', $return_string = true)
     {
-        $table_prefix      = str_replace('.', '__', $model_relation_chain) . (empty($model_relation_chain) ? '' : '__');
+        $table_prefix      = str_replace('.', '__', $model_relation_chain).(empty($model_relation_chain) ? '' : '__');
         $qualified_columns = [];
         foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_name => $field) {
-            $qualified_columns[] = $table_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
+            $qualified_columns[] = $table_prefix.$field->get_qualified_column();
         }
         return $return_string ? implode(', ', $qualified_columns) : $qualified_columns;
     }
@@ -4763,11 +4763,11 @@ 
             if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Primary_Table) {
                 $SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
                     ? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit($limit)
-                    : SP . $table_obj->get_table_name() . " AS " . $table_obj->get_table_alias() . SP;
+                    : SP.$table_obj->get_table_name()." AS ".$table_obj->get_table_alias().SP;
             } elseif ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
                 $SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
                     ? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit_join($limit)
-                    : SP . $table_obj->get_join_sql($table_alias) . SP;
+                    : SP.$table_obj->get_join_sql($table_alias).SP;
             }
         }
         return $SQL;
@@ -4836,7 +4836,7 @@ 
         foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_obj) {
             // $data_types[$field_obj->get_table_column()] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
             /** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
-            $data_types[ $field_obj->get_qualified_column() ] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
+            $data_types[$field_obj->get_qualified_column()] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
         }
         return $data_types;
     }
@@ -4851,8 +4851,8 @@ 
      */
     public function get_related_model_obj($model_name)
     {
-        $model_classname = "EEM_" . $model_name;
-        if (! class_exists($model_classname)) {
+        $model_classname = "EEM_".$model_name;
+        if ( ! class_exists($model_classname)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -4864,7 +4864,7 @@ 
                 )
             );
         }
-        return call_user_func($model_classname . "::instance");
+        return call_user_func($model_classname."::instance");
     }
 
 
@@ -4891,7 +4891,7 @@ 
         $belongs_to_relations = [];
         foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $model_name => $relation_obj) {
             if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $belongs_to_relations[ $model_name ] = $relation_obj;
+                $belongs_to_relations[$model_name] = $relation_obj;
             }
         }
         return $belongs_to_relations;
@@ -4908,7 +4908,7 @@ 
     public function related_settings_for($relation_name)
     {
         $relatedModels = $this->relation_settings();
-        if (! array_key_exists($relation_name, $relatedModels)) {
+        if ( ! array_key_exists($relation_name, $relatedModels)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -4921,7 +4921,7 @@ 
                 )
             );
         }
-        return $relatedModels[ $relation_name ];
+        return $relatedModels[$relation_name];
     }
 
 
@@ -4937,7 +4937,7 @@ 
     public function field_settings_for($fieldName, $include_db_only_fields = true)
     {
         $fieldSettings = $this->field_settings($include_db_only_fields);
-        if (! array_key_exists($fieldName, $fieldSettings)) {
+        if ( ! array_key_exists($fieldName, $fieldSettings)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__("There is no field/column '%s' on '%s'", 'event_espresso'),
@@ -4946,7 +4946,7 @@ 
                 )
             );
         }
-        return $fieldSettings[ $fieldName ];
+        return $fieldSettings[$fieldName];
     }
 
 
@@ -4959,7 +4959,7 @@ 
     public function has_field($fieldName)
     {
         $fieldSettings = $this->field_settings(true);
-        if (isset($fieldSettings[ $fieldName ])) {
+        if (isset($fieldSettings[$fieldName])) {
             return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -4975,7 +4975,7 @@ 
     public function has_relation($relation_name)
     {
         $relations = $this->relation_settings();
-        if (isset($relations[ $relation_name ])) {
+        if (isset($relations[$relation_name])) {
             return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -5011,7 +5011,7 @@ 
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            if (! $this->_primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base) {
+            if ( ! $this->_primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__("There is no Primary Key defined on model %s", 'event_espresso'),
@@ -5071,17 +5071,17 @@ 
      */
     public function get_foreign_key_to($model_name)
     {
-        if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ])) {
+        if ( ! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name])) {
             foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field) {
                 if (
                     $field instanceof EE_Foreign_Key_Field_Base
                     && in_array($model_name, $field->get_model_names_pointed_to())
                 ) {
-                    $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ] = $field;
+                    $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name] = $field;
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ])) {
+            if ( ! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name])) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -5094,7 +5094,7 @@ 
                 );
             }
         }
-        return $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[ $model_name ];
+        return $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name];
     }
 
 
@@ -5110,7 +5110,7 @@ 
     {
         $table_alias_sans_model_relation_chain_prefix =
             EE_Model_Parser::remove_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix($table_alias);
-        return $this->_tables[ $table_alias_sans_model_relation_chain_prefix ]->get_table_name();
+        return $this->_tables[$table_alias_sans_model_relation_chain_prefix]->get_table_name();
     }
 
 
@@ -5128,7 +5128,7 @@ 
                 $this->_cached_fields = [];
                 foreach ($this->_fields as $fields_corresponding_to_table) {
                     foreach ($fields_corresponding_to_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                        $this->_cached_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj;
+                        $this->_cached_fields[$field_name] = $field_obj;
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -5139,8 +5139,8 @@ 
             foreach ($this->_fields as $fields_corresponding_to_table) {
                 foreach ($fields_corresponding_to_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
                     /** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
-                        $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only[ $field_name ] = $field_obj;
+                    if ( ! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+                        $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only[$field_name] = $field_obj;
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -5180,12 +5180,12 @@ 
                     $primary_key_field->get_qualified_column(),
                     $primary_key_field->get_table_column()
                 );
-                if ($table_pk_value && isset($array_of_objects[ $table_pk_value ])) {
+                if ($table_pk_value && isset($array_of_objects[$table_pk_value])) {
                     continue;
                 }
             }
             $classInstance = $this->instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($row);
-            if (! $classInstance) {
+            if ( ! $classInstance) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__('Could not create instance of class %s from row %s', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -5198,7 +5198,7 @@ 
             $classInstance->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
             // make sure if there is any timezone setting present that we set the timezone for the object
             $key                      = $has_primary_key ? $classInstance->ID() : $count_if_model_has_no_primary_key++;
-            $array_of_objects[ $key ] = $classInstance;
+            $array_of_objects[$key] = $classInstance;
             // also, for all the relations of type BelongsTo, see if we can cache
             // those related models
             // (we could do this for other relations too, but if there are conditions
@@ -5242,9 +5242,9 @@ 
         $results = [];
         if ($this->_custom_selections instanceof CustomSelects) {
             foreach ($this->_custom_selections->columnAliases() as $alias) {
-                if (isset($db_results_row[ $alias ])) {
-                    $results[ $alias ] = $this->convertValueToDataType(
-                        $db_results_row[ $alias ],
+                if (isset($db_results_row[$alias])) {
+                    $results[$alias] = $this->convertValueToDataType(
+                        $db_results_row[$alias],
                         $this->_custom_selections->getDataTypeForAlias($alias)
                     );
                 }
@@ -5289,9 +5289,9 @@ 
         $this_model_fields_and_values = [];
         // setup the row using default values;
         foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            $this_model_fields_and_values[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+            $this_model_fields_and_values[$field_name] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
         }
-        $className     = $this->_get_class_name();
+        $className = $this->_get_class_name();
         return EE_Registry::instance()->load_class(
             $className,
             [$this_model_fields_and_values],
@@ -5309,20 +5309,20 @@ 
      */
     public function instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($cols_n_values)
     {
-        if (! is_array($cols_n_values) && is_object($cols_n_values)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($cols_n_values) && is_object($cols_n_values)) {
             $cols_n_values = get_object_vars($cols_n_values);
         }
         $primary_key = null;
         // make sure the array only has keys that are fields/columns on this model
         $this_model_fields_n_values = $this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values);
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($this_model_fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ])) {
-            $primary_key = $this_model_fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ];
+        if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($this_model_fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()])) {
+            $primary_key = $this_model_fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()];
         }
         $className = $this->_get_class_name();
         // check we actually found results that we can use to build our model object
         // if not, return null
         if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if (empty($this_model_fields_n_values[ $this->primary_key_name() ])) {
+            if (empty($this_model_fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()])) {
                 return null;
             }
         } elseif ($this->unique_indexes()) {
@@ -5334,7 +5334,7 @@ 
         // if there is no primary key or the object doesn't already exist in the entity map, then create a new instance
         if ($primary_key) {
             $classInstance = $this->get_from_entity_map($primary_key);
-            if (! $classInstance) {
+            if ( ! $classInstance) {
                 $classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
                                             ->load_class(
                                                 $className,
@@ -5366,8 +5366,8 @@ 
      */
     public function get_from_entity_map($id)
     {
-        return isset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ])
-            ? $this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ] : null;
+        return isset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id])
+            ? $this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id] : null;
     }
 
 
@@ -5389,7 +5389,7 @@ 
     public function add_to_entity_map(EE_Base_Class $object)
     {
         $className = $this->_get_class_name();
-        if (! $object instanceof $className) {
+        if ( ! $object instanceof $className) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__("You tried adding a %s to a mapping of %ss", "event_espresso"),
@@ -5399,7 +5399,7 @@ 
             );
         }
         /** @var $object EE_Base_Class */
-        if (! $object->ID()) {
+        if ( ! $object->ID()) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -5415,7 +5415,7 @@ 
         if ($classInstance) {
             return $classInstance;
         }
-        $this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $object->ID() ] = $object;
+        $this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$object->ID()] = $object;
         return $object;
     }
 
@@ -5430,11 +5430,11 @@ 
     public function clear_entity_map($id = null)
     {
         if (empty($id)) {
-            $this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ] = [];
+            $this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id] = [];
             return true;
         }
-        if (isset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ])) {
-            unset($this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ]);
+        if (isset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id])) {
+            unset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id]);
             return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -5479,17 +5479,17 @@ 
             // there is a primary key on this table and its not set. Use defaults for all its columns
             if ($table_pk_value === null && $table_obj->get_pk_column()) {
                 foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+                    if ( ! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
                         // prepare field as if its coming from db
                         $prepared_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_obj->get_default_value());
-                        $this_model_fields_n_values[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->prepare_for_use_in_db($prepared_value);
+                        $this_model_fields_n_values[$field_name] = $field_obj->prepare_for_use_in_db($prepared_value);
                     }
                 }
             } else {
                 // the table's rows existed. Use their values
                 foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
-                        $this_model_fields_n_values[ $field_name ] = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
+                    if ( ! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+                        $this_model_fields_n_values[$field_name] = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
                             $cols_n_values,
                             $field_obj->get_qualified_column(),
                             $field_obj->get_table_column()
@@ -5516,17 +5516,17 @@ 
         // ask the field what it think it's table_name.column_name should be, and call it the "qualified column"
         // does the field on the model relate to this column retrieved from the db?
         // or is it a db-only field? (not relating to the model)
-        if (isset($cols_n_values[ $qualified_column ])) {
-            $value = $cols_n_values[ $qualified_column ];
-        } elseif (isset($cols_n_values[ $regular_column ])) {
-            $value = $cols_n_values[ $regular_column ];
-        } elseif (! empty($this->foreign_key_aliases)) {
+        if (isset($cols_n_values[$qualified_column])) {
+            $value = $cols_n_values[$qualified_column];
+        } elseif (isset($cols_n_values[$regular_column])) {
+            $value = $cols_n_values[$regular_column];
+        } elseif ( ! empty($this->foreign_key_aliases)) {
             // no PK?  ok check if there is a foreign key alias set for this table
             // then check if that alias exists in the incoming data
             // AND that the actual PK the $FK_alias represents matches the $qualified_column (full PK)
             foreach ($this->foreign_key_aliases as $FK_alias => $PK_column) {
-                if ($PK_column === $qualified_column && isset($cols_n_values[ $FK_alias ])) {
-                    $value = $cols_n_values[ $FK_alias ];
+                if ($PK_column === $qualified_column && isset($cols_n_values[$FK_alias])) {
+                    $value = $cols_n_values[$FK_alias];
                     [$pk_class] = explode('.', $PK_column);
                     $pk_model_name = "EEM_{$pk_class}";
                     /** @var EEM_Base $pk_model */
@@ -5570,7 +5570,7 @@ 
                     $obj_in_map->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
                 }
             }
-            $this->_entity_map[ EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id ][ $id ] = $obj_in_map;
+            $this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id] = $obj_in_map;
             return $obj_in_map;
         }
         return $this->get_one_by_ID($id);
@@ -5621,7 +5621,7 @@ 
      */
     private function _get_class_name()
     {
-        return "EE_" . $this->get_this_model_name();
+        return "EE_".$this->get_this_model_name();
     }
 
 
@@ -5673,7 +5673,7 @@ 
     {
         $className = get_class($this);
         $tagName   = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
+        if ( ! has_filter($tagName)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -5842,7 +5842,7 @@ 
         $unique_indexes = [];
         foreach ($this->_indexes as $name => $index) {
             if ($index instanceof EE_Unique_Index) {
-                $unique_indexes [ $name ] = $index;
+                $unique_indexes [$name] = $index;
             }
         }
         return $unique_indexes;
@@ -5906,7 +5906,7 @@ 
         $key_vals_in_combined_pk = [];
         parse_str($index_primary_key_string, $key_vals_in_combined_pk);
         foreach ($key_fields as $key_field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if (! isset($key_vals_in_combined_pk[ $key_field_name ])) {
+            if ( ! isset($key_vals_in_combined_pk[$key_field_name])) {
                 return null;
             }
         }
@@ -5926,7 +5926,7 @@ 
     {
         $keys_it_should_have = array_keys($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
         foreach ($keys_it_should_have as $key) {
-            if (! isset($key_vals[ $key ])) {
+            if ( ! isset($key_vals[$key])) {
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -5964,8 +5964,8 @@ 
         }
         // even copies obviously won't have the same ID, so remove the primary key
         // from the WHERE conditions for finding copies (if there is a primary key, of course)
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($attributes_array[ $this->primary_key_name() ])) {
-            unset($attributes_array[ $this->primary_key_name() ]);
+        if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($attributes_array[$this->primary_key_name()])) {
+            unset($attributes_array[$this->primary_key_name()]);
         }
         if (isset($query_params[0])) {
             $query_params[0] = array_merge($attributes_array, $query_params);
@@ -5986,7 +5986,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_one_copy($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params = [])
     {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
                 'EEM_Base::get_one_copy',
                 sprintf(
@@ -6036,7 +6036,7 @@ 
      */
     private function _prepare_operator_for_sql($operator_supplied)
     {
-        $sql_operator = $this->_valid_operators[ $operator_supplied ] ?? null;
+        $sql_operator = $this->_valid_operators[$operator_supplied] ?? null;
         if ($sql_operator) {
             return $sql_operator;
         }
@@ -6133,7 +6133,7 @@ 
         $objs  = $this->get_all($query_params);
         $names = [];
         foreach ($objs as $obj) {
-            $names[ $obj->ID() ] = $obj->name();
+            $names[$obj->ID()] = $obj->name();
         }
         return $names;
     }
@@ -6153,7 +6153,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_IDs($model_objects, $filter_out_empty_ids = false)
     {
-        if (! $this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+        if ( ! $this->has_primary_key_field()) {
             if (WP_DEBUG) {
                 EE_Error::add_error(
                     esc_html__('Trying to get IDs from a model than has no primary key', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -6166,7 +6166,7 @@ 
         $IDs = [];
         foreach ($model_objects as $model_object) {
             $id = $model_object->ID();
-            if (! $id) {
+            if ( ! $id) {
                 if ($filter_out_empty_ids) {
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -6216,22 +6216,22 @@ 
         EEM_Base::verify_is_valid_cap_context($context);
         // check if we ought to run the restriction generator first
         if (
-            isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ])
-            && $this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ] instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base
-            && ! $this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ]->has_generated_cap_restrictions()
+            isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context])
+            && $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context] instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base
+            && ! $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context]->has_generated_cap_restrictions()
         ) {
-            $this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ] = array_merge(
-                $this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ],
-                $this->_cap_restriction_generators[ $context ]->generate_restrictions()
+            $this->_cap_restrictions[$context] = array_merge(
+                $this->_cap_restrictions[$context],
+                $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context]->generate_restrictions()
             );
         }
         // and make sure we've finalized the construction of each restriction
-        foreach ($this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ] as $where_conditions_obj) {
+        foreach ($this->_cap_restrictions[$context] as $where_conditions_obj) {
             if ($where_conditions_obj instanceof EE_Default_Where_Conditions) {
                 $where_conditions_obj->_finalize_construct($this);
             }
         }
-        return $this->_cap_restrictions[ $context ];
+        return $this->_cap_restrictions[$context];
     }
 
 
@@ -6261,9 +6261,9 @@ 
         foreach ($cap_restrictions as $cap => $restriction_if_no_cap) {
             if (
                 ! EE_Capabilities::instance()
-                                 ->current_user_can($cap, $this->get_this_model_name() . '_model_applying_caps')
+                                 ->current_user_can($cap, $this->get_this_model_name().'_model_applying_caps')
             ) {
-                $missing_caps[ $cap ] = $restriction_if_no_cap;
+                $missing_caps[$cap] = $restriction_if_no_cap;
             }
         }
         return $missing_caps;
@@ -6296,8 +6296,8 @@ 
     public function cap_action_for_context($context)
     {
         $mapping = $this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map();
-        if (isset($mapping[ $context ])) {
-            return $mapping[ $context ];
+        if (isset($mapping[$context])) {
+            return $mapping[$context];
         }
         if ($action = apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_action_for_context', null, $this, $mapping, $context)) {
             return $action;
@@ -6415,7 +6415,7 @@ 
         foreach ($this->logic_query_param_keys() as $logic_query_param_key) {
             if (
                 $query_param_key === $logic_query_param_key
-                || strpos($query_param_key, $logic_query_param_key . '*') === 0
+                || strpos($query_param_key, $logic_query_param_key.'*') === 0
             ) {
                 return true;
             }
@@ -6473,7 +6473,7 @@ 
         if ($password_field instanceof EE_Password_Field) {
             $field_names = $password_field->protectedFields();
             foreach ($field_names as $field_name) {
-                $fields[ $field_name ] = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
+                $fields[$field_name] = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
             }
         }
         return $fields;
@@ -6499,7 +6499,7 @@ 
         if ($model_obj_or_fields_n_values instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
             $model_obj_or_fields_n_values = $model_obj_or_fields_n_values->model_field_array();
         }
-        if (! is_array($model_obj_or_fields_n_values)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($model_obj_or_fields_n_values)) {
             throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
                 $model_obj_or_fields_n_values,
                 'EE_Base_Class',
@@ -6579,7 +6579,7 @@ 
                 )
             );
         }
-        return ($this->model_chain_to_password ? $this->model_chain_to_password . '.' : '') . $password_field_name;
+        return ($this->model_chain_to_password ? $this->model_chain_to_password.'.' : '').$password_field_name;
     }