eventespresso / event-espresso-core

core/libraries/rest_api/controllers/model/Write.php

Doc Comments +1 added lines, -1 removed lines

@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@
      * @param EEM_Base $model
      * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation
      * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return array {
+     * @return EE_Base_Class[] {
      * @type EE_Base_Class $model_obj
      * @type EE_Base_Class|null $other_model_obj
      * }

Unused Use Statements -4 removed lines

@@ -4,12 +4,8 @@
 
 use EE_DB_Only_Field_Base;
 use EE_Model_Relation_Base;
-use EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidDataTypeException;
-use EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidInterfaceException;
 use EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\LoaderFactory;
 use Exception;
-use InvalidArgumentException;
-use ReflectionException;
 use \WP_REST_Request;
 use \WP_REST_Response;
 use EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\Capabilities;

Indentation +451 added lines, -451 removed lines

@@ -37,478 +37,478 @@
 {
 
 
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        parent::__construct();
-        EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('Inflector');
-    }
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		parent::__construct();
+		EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('Inflector');
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Handles requests to get all (or a filtered subset) of entities for a particular model
-     *
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @param string          $version
-     * @param string          $model_name
-     * @return WP_REST_Response|\WP_Error
-     */
-    public static function handleRequestInsert(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name)
-    {
-        $controller = new Write();
-        try {
-            $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            return $controller->sendResponse(
-                $controller->insert(
-                    $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
-                    $request
-                )
-            );
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            return $controller->sendResponse($e);
-        }
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Handles requests to get all (or a filtered subset) of entities for a particular model
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @param string          $version
+	 * @param string          $model_name
+	 * @return WP_REST_Response|\WP_Error
+	 */
+	public static function handleRequestInsert(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name)
+	{
+		$controller = new Write();
+		try {
+			$controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
+			return $controller->sendResponse(
+				$controller->insert(
+					$controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
+					$request
+				)
+			);
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			return $controller->sendResponse($e);
+		}
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Handles a request from \WP_REST_Server to update an EE model
-     *
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @param string          $version
-     * @param string          $model_name
-     * @return WP_REST_Response|\WP_Error
-     */
-    public static function handleRequestUpdate(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name)
-    {
-        $controller = new Write();
-        try {
-            $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            return $controller->sendResponse(
-                $controller->update(
-                    $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
-                    $request
-                )
-            );
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            return $controller->sendResponse($e);
-        }
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Handles a request from \WP_REST_Server to update an EE model
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @param string          $version
+	 * @param string          $model_name
+	 * @return WP_REST_Response|\WP_Error
+	 */
+	public static function handleRequestUpdate(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name)
+	{
+		$controller = new Write();
+		try {
+			$controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
+			return $controller->sendResponse(
+				$controller->update(
+					$controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
+					$request
+				)
+			);
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			return $controller->sendResponse($e);
+		}
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Deletes a single model object and returns it. Unless
-     *
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @param string          $version
-     * @param string          $model_name
-     * @return WP_REST_Response|\WP_Error
-     */
-    public static function handleRequestDelete(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name)
-    {
-        $controller = new Write();
-        try {
-            $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            return $controller->sendResponse(
-                $controller->delete(
-                    $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
-                    $request
-                )
-            );
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            return $controller->sendResponse($e);
-        }
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Deletes a single model object and returns it. Unless
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @param string          $version
+	 * @param string          $model_name
+	 * @return WP_REST_Response|\WP_Error
+	 */
+	public static function handleRequestDelete(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name)
+	{
+		$controller = new Write();
+		try {
+			$controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
+			return $controller->sendResponse(
+				$controller->delete(
+					$controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
+					$request
+				)
+			);
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			return $controller->sendResponse($e);
+		}
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Inserts a new model object according to the $request
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base        $model
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws RestException
-     */
-    public function insert(EEM_Base $model, WP_REST_Request $request)
-    {
-        Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_edit, 'create');
-        $default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
-        if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
-            throw new RestException(
-                'rest_cannot_create_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                    // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                        'For now, only those with the admin capability to "%1$s" are allowed to use the REST API to insert data into Event Espresso.',
-                        // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $default_cap_to_check_for
-                ),
-                array('status' => 403)
-            );
-        }
-        $submitted_json_data = array_merge((array) $request->get_body_params(), (array) $request->get_json_params());
-        $model_data = ModelDataTranslator::prepareConditionsQueryParamsForModels(
-            $submitted_json_data,
-            $model,
-            $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion(),
-            true
-        );
-        $model_obj = EE_Registry::instance()->load_class(
-            $model->get_this_model_name(),
-            array($model_data, $model->get_timezone()),
-            false,
-            false
-        );
-        $model_obj->save();
-        $new_id = $model_obj->ID();
-        if (! $new_id) {
-            throw new RestException(
-                'rest_insertion_failed',
-                sprintf(__('Could not insert new %1$s', 'event_espresso'), $model->get_this_model_name())
-            );
-        }
-        return $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($model_obj, $request);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Inserts a new model object according to the $request
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base        $model
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws RestException
+	 */
+	public function insert(EEM_Base $model, WP_REST_Request $request)
+	{
+		Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_edit, 'create');
+		$default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
+		if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
+			throw new RestException(
+				'rest_cannot_create_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+					// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+						'For now, only those with the admin capability to "%1$s" are allowed to use the REST API to insert data into Event Espresso.',
+						// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$default_cap_to_check_for
+				),
+				array('status' => 403)
+			);
+		}
+		$submitted_json_data = array_merge((array) $request->get_body_params(), (array) $request->get_json_params());
+		$model_data = ModelDataTranslator::prepareConditionsQueryParamsForModels(
+			$submitted_json_data,
+			$model,
+			$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion(),
+			true
+		);
+		$model_obj = EE_Registry::instance()->load_class(
+			$model->get_this_model_name(),
+			array($model_data, $model->get_timezone()),
+			false,
+			false
+		);
+		$model_obj->save();
+		$new_id = $model_obj->ID();
+		if (! $new_id) {
+			throw new RestException(
+				'rest_insertion_failed',
+				sprintf(__('Could not insert new %1$s', 'event_espresso'), $model->get_this_model_name())
+			);
+		}
+		return $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($model_obj, $request);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Updates an existing model object according to the $request
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base        $model
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update(EEM_Base $model, WP_REST_Request $request)
-    {
-        Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_edit, 'edit');
-        $default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
-        if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
-            throw new RestException(
-                'rest_cannot_edit_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                    // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                        'For now, only those with the admin capability to "%1$s" are allowed to use the REST API to update data into Event Espresso.',
-                        // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $default_cap_to_check_for
-                ),
-                array('status' => 403)
-            );
-        }
-        $obj_id = $request->get_param('id');
-        if (! $obj_id) {
-            throw new RestException(
-                'rest_edit_failed',
-                sprintf(__('Could not edit %1$s', 'event_espresso'), $model->get_this_model_name())
-            );
-        }
-        $model_data = ModelDataTranslator::prepareConditionsQueryParamsForModels(
-            $this->getBodyParams($request),
-            $model,
-            $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion(),
-            true
-        );
-        $model_obj = $model->get_one_by_ID($obj_id);
-        if (! $model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());
-            throw new RestException(
-                sprintf('rest_%s_invalid_id', $lowercase_model_name),
-                sprintf(__('Invalid %s ID.', 'event_espresso'), $lowercase_model_name),
-                array('status' => 404)
-            );
-        }
-        $model_obj->save($model_data);
-        return $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($model_obj, $request);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Updates an existing model object according to the $request
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base        $model
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update(EEM_Base $model, WP_REST_Request $request)
+	{
+		Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_edit, 'edit');
+		$default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
+		if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
+			throw new RestException(
+				'rest_cannot_edit_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+					// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+						'For now, only those with the admin capability to "%1$s" are allowed to use the REST API to update data into Event Espresso.',
+						// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$default_cap_to_check_for
+				),
+				array('status' => 403)
+			);
+		}
+		$obj_id = $request->get_param('id');
+		if (! $obj_id) {
+			throw new RestException(
+				'rest_edit_failed',
+				sprintf(__('Could not edit %1$s', 'event_espresso'), $model->get_this_model_name())
+			);
+		}
+		$model_data = ModelDataTranslator::prepareConditionsQueryParamsForModels(
+			$this->getBodyParams($request),
+			$model,
+			$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion(),
+			true
+		);
+		$model_obj = $model->get_one_by_ID($obj_id);
+		if (! $model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());
+			throw new RestException(
+				sprintf('rest_%s_invalid_id', $lowercase_model_name),
+				sprintf(__('Invalid %s ID.', 'event_espresso'), $lowercase_model_name),
+				array('status' => 404)
+			);
+		}
+		$model_obj->save($model_data);
+		return $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($model_obj, $request);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Updates an existing model object according to the $request
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base        $model
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return array of either the soft-deleted item, or
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete(EEM_Base $model, WP_REST_Request $request)
-    {
-        Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_delete, 'delete');
-        $default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
-        if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
-            throw new RestException(
-                'rest_cannot_delete_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                    // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                        'For now, only those with the admin capability to "%1$s" are allowed to use the REST API to delete data into Event Espresso.',
-                        // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $default_cap_to_check_for
-                ),
-                array('status' => 403)
-            );
-        }
-        $obj_id = $request->get_param('id');
-        // this is where we would apply more fine-grained caps
-        $model_obj = $model->get_one_by_ID($obj_id);
-        if (! $model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());
-            throw new RestException(
-                sprintf('rest_%s_invalid_id', $lowercase_model_name),
-                sprintf(__('Invalid %s ID.', 'event_espresso'), $lowercase_model_name),
-                array('status' => 404)
-            );
-        }
-        $requested_permanent_delete = filter_var($request->get_param('force'), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
-        $requested_allow_blocking = filter_var($request->get_param('allow_blocking'), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
-        if ($requested_permanent_delete) {
-            $previous = $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($model_obj, $request);
-            $deleted = (bool) $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($obj_id, $requested_allow_blocking);
-            return array(
-                'deleted'  => $deleted,
-                'previous' => $previous,
-            );
-        } else {
-            if ($model instanceof EEM_Soft_Delete_Base) {
-                $model->delete_by_ID($obj_id, $requested_allow_blocking);
-                return $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($model_obj, $request);
-            } else {
-                throw new RestException(
-                    'rest_trash_not_supported',
-                    501,
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__('%1$s do not support trashing. Set force=1 to delete.', 'event_espresso'),
-                        EEH_Inflector::pluralize($model->get_this_model_name())
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Updates an existing model object according to the $request
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base        $model
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @return array of either the soft-deleted item, or
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete(EEM_Base $model, WP_REST_Request $request)
+	{
+		Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_delete, 'delete');
+		$default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
+		if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
+			throw new RestException(
+				'rest_cannot_delete_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+					// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+						'For now, only those with the admin capability to "%1$s" are allowed to use the REST API to delete data into Event Espresso.',
+						// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$default_cap_to_check_for
+				),
+				array('status' => 403)
+			);
+		}
+		$obj_id = $request->get_param('id');
+		// this is where we would apply more fine-grained caps
+		$model_obj = $model->get_one_by_ID($obj_id);
+		if (! $model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());
+			throw new RestException(
+				sprintf('rest_%s_invalid_id', $lowercase_model_name),
+				sprintf(__('Invalid %s ID.', 'event_espresso'), $lowercase_model_name),
+				array('status' => 404)
+			);
+		}
+		$requested_permanent_delete = filter_var($request->get_param('force'), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
+		$requested_allow_blocking = filter_var($request->get_param('allow_blocking'), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
+		if ($requested_permanent_delete) {
+			$previous = $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($model_obj, $request);
+			$deleted = (bool) $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($obj_id, $requested_allow_blocking);
+			return array(
+				'deleted'  => $deleted,
+				'previous' => $previous,
+			);
+		} else {
+			if ($model instanceof EEM_Soft_Delete_Base) {
+				$model->delete_by_ID($obj_id, $requested_allow_blocking);
+				return $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($model_obj, $request);
+			} else {
+				throw new RestException(
+					'rest_trash_not_supported',
+					501,
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__('%1$s do not support trashing. Set force=1 to delete.', 'event_espresso'),
+						EEH_Inflector::pluralize($model->get_this_model_name())
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Returns an array ready to be converted into a JSON response, based solely on the model object
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class   $model_obj
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return array ready for a response
-     */
-    protected function returnModelObjAsJsonResponse(EE_Base_Class $model_obj, WP_REST_Request $request)
-    {
-        $model = $model_obj->get_model();
-        // create an array exactly like the wpdb results row,
-        // so we can pass it to controllers/model/Read::create_entity_from_wpdb_result()
-        $simulated_db_row = array();
-        foreach ($model->field_settings(true) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            // we need to reconstruct the normal wpdb results, including the db-only fields
-            // like a secondary table's primary key. The models expect those (but don't care what value they have)
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_DB_Only_Field_Base) {
-                $raw_value = true;
-            } elseif ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $raw_value = $model_obj->get_DateTime_object($field_name);
-            } else {
-                $raw_value = $model_obj->get_raw($field_name);
-            }
-            $simulated_db_row[ $field_obj->get_qualified_column() ] = $field_obj->prepare_for_use_in_db($raw_value);
-        }
-        $read_controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
-        $read_controller->setRequestedVersion($this->getRequestedVersion());
-        // the simulates request really doesn't need any info downstream
-        $simulated_request = new WP_REST_Request('GET');
-        return $read_controller->createEntityFromWpdbResult(
-            $model_obj->get_model(),
-            $simulated_db_row,
-            $simulated_request
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Returns an array ready to be converted into a JSON response, based solely on the model object
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class   $model_obj
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @return array ready for a response
+	 */
+	protected function returnModelObjAsJsonResponse(EE_Base_Class $model_obj, WP_REST_Request $request)
+	{
+		$model = $model_obj->get_model();
+		// create an array exactly like the wpdb results row,
+		// so we can pass it to controllers/model/Read::create_entity_from_wpdb_result()
+		$simulated_db_row = array();
+		foreach ($model->field_settings(true) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			// we need to reconstruct the normal wpdb results, including the db-only fields
+			// like a secondary table's primary key. The models expect those (but don't care what value they have)
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_DB_Only_Field_Base) {
+				$raw_value = true;
+			} elseif ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$raw_value = $model_obj->get_DateTime_object($field_name);
+			} else {
+				$raw_value = $model_obj->get_raw($field_name);
+			}
+			$simulated_db_row[ $field_obj->get_qualified_column() ] = $field_obj->prepare_for_use_in_db($raw_value);
+		}
+		$read_controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
+		$read_controller->setRequestedVersion($this->getRequestedVersion());
+		// the simulates request really doesn't need any info downstream
+		$simulated_request = new WP_REST_Request('GET');
+		return $read_controller->createEntityFromWpdbResult(
+			$model_obj->get_model(),
+			$simulated_db_row,
+			$simulated_request
+		);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the item affected by this request
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base        $model
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @param  int|string     $obj_id
-     * @return \WP_Error|array
-     */
-    protected function getOneBasedOnRequest(EEM_Base $model, WP_REST_Request $request, $obj_id)
-    {
-        $requested_version = $this->getRequestedVersion($request->get_route());
-        $get_request = new WP_REST_Request(
-            'GET',
-            EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace
-            . $requested_version
-            . '/'
-            . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name())
-            . '/'
-            . $obj_id
-        );
-        $get_request->set_url_params(
-            array(
-                'id'      => $obj_id,
-                'include' => $request->get_param('include'),
-            )
-        );
-        $read_controller = new Read();
-        $read_controller->setRequestedVersion($this->getRequestedVersion());
-        return $read_controller->getEntityFromModel($model, $get_request);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Gets the item affected by this request
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base        $model
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @param  int|string     $obj_id
+	 * @return \WP_Error|array
+	 */
+	protected function getOneBasedOnRequest(EEM_Base $model, WP_REST_Request $request, $obj_id)
+	{
+		$requested_version = $this->getRequestedVersion($request->get_route());
+		$get_request = new WP_REST_Request(
+			'GET',
+			EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace
+			. $requested_version
+			. '/'
+			. EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name())
+			. '/'
+			. $obj_id
+		);
+		$get_request->set_url_params(
+			array(
+				'id'      => $obj_id,
+				'include' => $request->get_param('include'),
+			)
+		);
+		$read_controller = new Read();
+		$read_controller->setRequestedVersion($this->getRequestedVersion());
+		return $read_controller->getEntityFromModel($model, $get_request);
+	}
 
-    /**
-     * Adds a relation between the specified models (if it doesn't already exist.)
-     * @since $VID:$
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return WP_REST_Response
-     */
-    public static function handleRequestAddRelation(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name, $related_model_name)
-    {
-        $controller = new Write();
-        try {
-            $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            $main_model = $controller->validateModel($model_name);
-            $controller->validateModel($related_model_name);
-            return $controller->sendResponse(
-                $controller->addRelation(
-                    $main_model,
-                    $request
-                )
-            );
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            return $controller->sendResponse($e);
-        }
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relation between the specified models (if it doesn't already exist.)
+	 * @since $VID:$
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @return WP_REST_Response
+	 */
+	public static function handleRequestAddRelation(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name, $related_model_name)
+	{
+		$controller = new Write();
+		try {
+			$controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
+			$main_model = $controller->validateModel($model_name);
+			$controller->validateModel($related_model_name);
+			return $controller->sendResponse(
+				$controller->addRelation(
+					$main_model,
+					$request
+				)
+			);
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			return $controller->sendResponse($e);
+		}
+	}
 
-    /**
-     * Adds a relation between the two model specified model objects.
-     * @since $VID:$
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws RestException
-     */
-    public function addRelation(EEM_Base $model, EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation, WP_REST_Request $request)
-    {
-        list($model_obj, $other_obj) = $this->getBothModelObjects($model, $relation, $request);
-        // Add a relation.
-        $related_obj = $model_obj->_add_relation_to($other_obj,$relation->get_other_model()->get_this_model_name());
-        return array(
-            'success' => $related_obj === $other_obj,
-            'related_obj' => $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($related_obj)
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relation between the two model specified model objects.
+	 * @since $VID:$
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws RestException
+	 */
+	public function addRelation(EEM_Base $model, EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation, WP_REST_Request $request)
+	{
+		list($model_obj, $other_obj) = $this->getBothModelObjects($model, $relation, $request);
+		// Add a relation.
+		$related_obj = $model_obj->_add_relation_to($other_obj,$relation->get_other_model()->get_this_model_name());
+		return array(
+			'success' => $related_obj === $other_obj,
+			'related_obj' => $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($related_obj)
+		);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Removes the relation between the specified models (if it exists).
-     * @since $VID:$
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return WP_REST_Response
-     */
-    public static function handleRequestRemoveRelation(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name, $related_model_name)
-    {
-        $controller = new Write();
-        try {
-            $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            return $controller->sendResponse(
-                $controller->insert(
-                    $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
-                    $request
-                )
-            );
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            return $controller->sendResponse($e);
-        }
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Removes the relation between the specified models (if it exists).
+	 * @since $VID:$
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @return WP_REST_Response
+	 */
+	public static function handleRequestRemoveRelation(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name, $related_model_name)
+	{
+		$controller = new Write();
+		try {
+			$controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
+			return $controller->sendResponse(
+				$controller->insert(
+					$controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
+					$request
+				)
+			);
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			return $controller->sendResponse($e);
+		}
+	}
 
-    /**
-     * Adds a relation between the two model specified model objects.
-     * @since $VID:$
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws RestException
-     */
-    public function removeRelation(EEM_Base $model, EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation, WP_REST_Request $request)
-    {
-        list($model_obj, $other_obj) = $this->getBothModelObjects($model, $relation, $request);
-        // Remove the relation.
-        $related_obj = $model_obj->_remove_relation($other_obj, $relation->get_other_model()->get_this_model_name());
-        return array(
-            'success' => $related_obj === $other_obj,
-            'related_obj' => $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($related_obj)
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relation between the two model specified model objects.
+	 * @since $VID:$
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws RestException
+	 */
+	public function removeRelation(EEM_Base $model, EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation, WP_REST_Request $request)
+	{
+		list($model_obj, $other_obj) = $this->getBothModelObjects($model, $relation, $request);
+		// Remove the relation.
+		$related_obj = $model_obj->_remove_relation($other_obj, $relation->get_other_model()->get_this_model_name());
+		return array(
+			'success' => $related_obj === $other_obj,
+			'related_obj' => $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($related_obj)
+		);
+	}
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the model objects indicated by the model, relation object, and request.
-     * Throws an exception if the first object doesn't exist, and currently if the related object also doesn't exist.
-     * However, this behaviour may change, as we may add support for simultaneously creating and relating data.
-     * @since $VID:$
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return array {
-     * @type EE_Base_Class $model_obj
-     * @type EE_Base_Class|null $other_model_obj
-     * }
-     * @throws RestException
-     */
-    protected function getBothModelObjects(EEM_Base $model, EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation, WP_REST_Request $request)
-    {
-        // Check generic caps. For now, we're only allowing access to this endpoint to full admins.
-        Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_edit, 'create');
-        $default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
-        if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
-            throw new RestException(
-                'rest_cannot_add_relation_from_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                        'For now, only those with the admin capability to "%1$s" are allowed to use the REST API to add relations in Event Espresso.',
-                        // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $default_cap_to_check_for
-                ),
-                array('status' => 403)
-            );
-        }
-        // Get the main model object.
-        $model_obj = $this->getOneOrThrowException($model, $request->get_param('id'));
-        // For now, we require the other model object to exist too. This might be relaxed later.
-        $other_obj = $this->getOneOrThrowException($relation->get_other_model(), $relation->get_param('request_id'));
-        return array($model_obj,$other_obj);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model objects indicated by the model, relation object, and request.
+	 * Throws an exception if the first object doesn't exist, and currently if the related object also doesn't exist.
+	 * However, this behaviour may change, as we may add support for simultaneously creating and relating data.
+	 * @since $VID:$
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @return array {
+	 * @type EE_Base_Class $model_obj
+	 * @type EE_Base_Class|null $other_model_obj
+	 * }
+	 * @throws RestException
+	 */
+	protected function getBothModelObjects(EEM_Base $model, EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation, WP_REST_Request $request)
+	{
+		// Check generic caps. For now, we're only allowing access to this endpoint to full admins.
+		Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_edit, 'create');
+		$default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
+		if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
+			throw new RestException(
+				'rest_cannot_add_relation_from_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+						'For now, only those with the admin capability to "%1$s" are allowed to use the REST API to add relations in Event Espresso.',
+						// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$default_cap_to_check_for
+				),
+				array('status' => 403)
+			);
+		}
+		// Get the main model object.
+		$model_obj = $this->getOneOrThrowException($model, $request->get_param('id'));
+		// For now, we require the other model object to exist too. This might be relaxed later.
+		$other_obj = $this->getOneOrThrowException($relation->get_other_model(), $relation->get_param('request_id'));
+		return array($model_obj,$other_obj);
+	}
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the model with that ID or throws a REST exception.
-     * @since $VID:$
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param $id
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws RestException
-     */
-    protected function getOneOrThrowException(EEM_Base $model, $id)
-    {
-        $model_obj = $model->get_one_by_ID($id);
-        // @todo: check they can permission for it. For now unnecessary because only full admins can use this endpoint.
-        if( $model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            return $model_obj;
-        }
-            $lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());
-            throw new RestException(
-                sprintf('rest_%s_invalid_id', $lowercase_model_name),
-                sprintf(__('Invalid %s ID.', 'event_espresso'), $lowercase_model_name),
-                array('status' => 404)
-            );
-        }
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model with that ID or throws a REST exception.
+	 * @since $VID:$
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param $id
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws RestException
+	 */
+	protected function getOneOrThrowException(EEM_Base $model, $id)
+	{
+		$model_obj = $model->get_one_by_ID($id);
+		// @todo: check they can permission for it. For now unnecessary because only full admins can use this endpoint.
+		if( $model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			return $model_obj;
+		}
+			$lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());
+			throw new RestException(
+				sprintf('rest_%s_invalid_id', $lowercase_model_name),
+				sprintf(__('Invalid %s ID.', 'event_espresso'), $lowercase_model_name),
+				array('status' => 404)
+			);
+		}
 }

Spacing +16 added lines, -16 removed lines

@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ 
     {
         Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_edit, 'create');
         $default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
-        if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
+        if ( ! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
             throw new RestException(
-                'rest_cannot_create_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
+                'rest_cannot_create_'.EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
                     // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ 
         );
         $model_obj->save();
         $new_id = $model_obj->ID();
-        if (! $new_id) {
+        if ( ! $new_id) {
             throw new RestException(
                 'rest_insertion_failed',
                 sprintf(__('Could not insert new %1$s', 'event_espresso'), $model->get_this_model_name())
@@ -184,9 +184,9 @@ 
     {
         Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_edit, 'edit');
         $default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
-        if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
+        if ( ! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
             throw new RestException(
-                'rest_cannot_edit_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
+                'rest_cannot_edit_'.EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
                     // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ 
             );
         }
         $obj_id = $request->get_param('id');
-        if (! $obj_id) {
+        if ( ! $obj_id) {
             throw new RestException(
                 'rest_edit_failed',
                 sprintf(__('Could not edit %1$s', 'event_espresso'), $model->get_this_model_name())
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ 
             true
         );
         $model_obj = $model->get_one_by_ID($obj_id);
-        if (! $model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+        if ( ! $model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
             $lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());
             throw new RestException(
                 sprintf('rest_%s_invalid_id', $lowercase_model_name),
@@ -238,9 +238,9 @@ 
     {
         Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_delete, 'delete');
         $default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
-        if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
+        if ( ! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
             throw new RestException(
-                'rest_cannot_delete_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
+                'rest_cannot_delete_'.EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
                     // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ 
         $obj_id = $request->get_param('id');
         // this is where we would apply more fine-grained caps
         $model_obj = $model->get_one_by_ID($obj_id);
-        if (! $model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+        if ( ! $model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
             $lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());
             throw new RestException(
                 sprintf('rest_%s_invalid_id', $lowercase_model_name),
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ 
             } else {
                 $raw_value = $model_obj->get_raw($field_name);
             }
-            $simulated_db_row[ $field_obj->get_qualified_column() ] = $field_obj->prepare_for_use_in_db($raw_value);
+            $simulated_db_row[$field_obj->get_qualified_column()] = $field_obj->prepare_for_use_in_db($raw_value);
         }
         $read_controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
         $read_controller->setRequestedVersion($this->getRequestedVersion());
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ 
     {
         list($model_obj, $other_obj) = $this->getBothModelObjects($model, $relation, $request);
         // Add a relation.
-        $related_obj = $model_obj->_add_relation_to($other_obj,$relation->get_other_model()->get_this_model_name());
+        $related_obj = $model_obj->_add_relation_to($other_obj, $relation->get_other_model()->get_this_model_name());
         return array(
             'success' => $related_obj === $other_obj,
             'related_obj' => $this->returnModelObjAsJsonResponse($related_obj)
@@ -467,9 +467,9 @@ 
         // Check generic caps. For now, we're only allowing access to this endpoint to full admins.
         Capabilities::verifyAtLeastPartialAccessTo($model, EEM_Base::caps_edit, 'create');
         $default_cap_to_check_for = EE_Restriction_Generator_Base::get_default_restrictions_cap();
-        if (! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
+        if ( ! current_user_can($default_cap_to_check_for)) {
             throw new RestException(
-                'rest_cannot_add_relation_from_' . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
+                'rest_cannot_add_relation_from_'.EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(($model->get_this_model_name())),
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
                         // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ 
         $model_obj = $this->getOneOrThrowException($model, $request->get_param('id'));
         // For now, we require the other model object to exist too. This might be relaxed later.
         $other_obj = $this->getOneOrThrowException($relation->get_other_model(), $relation->get_param('request_id'));
-        return array($model_obj,$other_obj);
+        return array($model_obj, $other_obj);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ 
     {
         $model_obj = $model->get_one_by_ID($id);
         // @todo: check they can permission for it. For now unnecessary because only full admins can use this endpoint.
-        if( $model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+        if ($model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
             return $model_obj;
         }
             $lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());

modules/core_rest_api/EED_Core_Rest_Api.module.php

Doc Comments +3 added lines

@@ -765,6 +765,9 @@
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param string $version
+     */
     protected function _get_add_relation_query_params(\EEM_Base $source_model, \EEM_Base $related_model, $version)
     {
         // if they're related through a HABTM relation, check for any non-FKs

Indentation +1344 added lines, -1344 removed lines

@@ -23,1348 +23,1348 @@
 class EED_Core_Rest_Api extends \EED_Module
 {
 
-    const ee_api_namespace = Domain::API_NAMESPACE;
-
-    const ee_api_namespace_for_regex = 'ee\/v([^/]*)\/';
-
-    const saved_routes_option_names = 'ee_core_routes';
-
-    /**
-     * string used in _links response bodies to make them globally unique.
-     *
-     * @see http://v2.wp-api.org/extending/linking/
-     */
-    const ee_api_link_namespace = 'https://api.eventespresso.com/';
-
-    /**
-     * @var CalculatedModelFields
-     */
-    protected static $_field_calculator;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EED_Core_Rest_Api|EED_Module
-     */
-    public static function instance()
-    {
-        self::$_field_calculator = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->load('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\CalculatedModelFields');
-        return parent::get_instance(__CLASS__);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    set_hooks - for hooking into EE Core, other modules, etc
-     *
-     * @access    public
-     * @return    void
-     */
-    public static function set_hooks()
-    {
-        self::set_hooks_both();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    set_hooks_admin - for hooking into EE Admin Core, other modules, etc
-     *
-     * @access    public
-     * @return    void
-     */
-    public static function set_hooks_admin()
-    {
-        self::set_hooks_both();
-    }
-
-
-    public static function set_hooks_both()
-    {
-        add_action('rest_api_init', array('EED_Core_Rest_Api', 'register_routes'), 10);
-        add_action('rest_api_init', array('EED_Core_Rest_Api', 'set_hooks_rest_api'), 5);
-        add_filter('rest_route_data', array('EED_Core_Rest_Api', 'hide_old_endpoints'), 10, 2);
-        add_filter(
-            'rest_index',
-            array('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Meta', 'filterEeMetadataIntoIndex')
-        );
-        EED_Core_Rest_Api::invalidate_cached_route_data_on_version_change();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets up hooks which only need to be included as part of REST API requests;
-     * other requests like to the frontend or admin etc don't need them
-     *
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function set_hooks_rest_api()
-    {
-        // set hooks which account for changes made to the API
-        EED_Core_Rest_Api::_set_hooks_for_changes();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * public wrapper of _set_hooks_for_changes.
-     * Loads all the hooks which make requests to old versions of the API
-     * appear the same as they always did
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function set_hooks_for_changes()
-    {
-        self::_set_hooks_for_changes();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Loads all the hooks which make requests to old versions of the API
-     * appear the same as they always did
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _set_hooks_for_changes()
-    {
-        $folder_contents = EEH_File::get_contents_of_folders(array(EE_LIBRARIES . 'rest_api' . DS . 'changes'), false);
-        foreach ($folder_contents as $classname_in_namespace => $filepath) {
-            // ignore the base parent class
-            // and legacy named classes
-            if ($classname_in_namespace === 'ChangesInBase'
-                || strpos($classname_in_namespace, 'Changes_In_') === 0
-            ) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            $full_classname = 'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\changes\\' . $classname_in_namespace;
-            if (class_exists($full_classname)) {
-                $instance_of_class = new $full_classname;
-                if ($instance_of_class instanceof ChangesInBase) {
-                    $instance_of_class->setHooks();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Filters the WP routes to add our EE-related ones. This takes a bit of time
-     * so we actually prefer to only do it when an EE plugin is activated or upgraded
-     *
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function register_routes()
-    {
-        foreach (EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_ee_route_data() as $namespace => $relative_routes) {
-            foreach ($relative_routes as $relative_route => $data_for_multiple_endpoints) {
-                /**
-                 * @var array     $data_for_multiple_endpoints numerically indexed array
-                 *                                         but can also contain route options like {
-                 * @type array    $schema                      {
-                 * @type callable $schema_callback
-                 * @type array    $callback_args               arguments that will be passed to the callback, after the
-                 * WP_REST_Request of course
-                 * }
-                 * }
-                 */
-                // when registering routes, register all the endpoints' data at the same time
-                $multiple_endpoint_args = array();
-                foreach ($data_for_multiple_endpoints as $endpoint_key => $data_for_single_endpoint) {
-                    /**
-                     * @var array     $data_for_single_endpoint {
-                     * @type callable $callback
-                     * @type string methods
-                     * @type array args
-                     * @type array _links
-                     * @type array    $callback_args            arguments that will be passed to the callback, after the
-                     * WP_REST_Request of course
-                     * }
-                     */
-                    // skip route options
-                    if (! is_numeric($endpoint_key)) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    if (! isset($data_for_single_endpoint['callback'], $data_for_single_endpoint['methods'])) {
-                        throw new EE_Error(
-                            esc_html__(
-                            // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                                'Endpoint configuration data needs to have entries "callback" (callable) and "methods" (comma-separated list of accepts HTTP methods).',
-                                // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                                'event_espresso'
-                            )
-                        );
-                    }
-                    $callback = $data_for_single_endpoint['callback'];
-                    $single_endpoint_args = array(
-                        'methods' => $data_for_single_endpoint['methods'],
-                        'args'    => isset($data_for_single_endpoint['args']) ? $data_for_single_endpoint['args']
-                            : array(),
-                    );
-                    if (isset($data_for_single_endpoint['_links'])) {
-                        $single_endpoint_args['_links'] = $data_for_single_endpoint['_links'];
-                    }
-                    if (isset($data_for_single_endpoint['callback_args'])) {
-                        $callback_args = $data_for_single_endpoint['callback_args'];
-                        $single_endpoint_args['callback'] = function (\WP_REST_Request $request) use (
-                            $callback,
-                            $callback_args
-                        ) {
-                            array_unshift($callback_args, $request);
-                            return call_user_func_array(
-                                $callback,
-                                $callback_args
-                            );
-                        };
-                    } else {
-                        $single_endpoint_args['callback'] = $data_for_single_endpoint['callback'];
-                    }
-                    $multiple_endpoint_args[] = $single_endpoint_args;
-                }
-                if (isset($data_for_multiple_endpoints['schema'])) {
-                    $schema_route_data = $data_for_multiple_endpoints['schema'];
-                    $schema_callback = $schema_route_data['schema_callback'];
-                    $callback_args = $schema_route_data['callback_args'];
-                    $multiple_endpoint_args['schema'] = function () use ($schema_callback, $callback_args) {
-                        return call_user_func_array(
-                            $schema_callback,
-                            $callback_args
-                        );
-                    };
-                }
-                register_rest_route(
-                    $namespace,
-                    $relative_route,
-                    $multiple_endpoint_args
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if there was a version change or something that merits invalidating the cached
-     * route data. If so, invalidates the cached route data so that it gets refreshed
-     * next time the WP API is used
-     */
-    public static function invalidate_cached_route_data_on_version_change()
-    {
-        if (EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() !== EE_System::req_type_normal) {
-            EED_Core_Rest_Api::invalidate_cached_route_data();
-        }
-        foreach (EE_Registry::instance()->addons as $addon) {
-            if ($addon instanceof EE_Addon && $addon->detect_req_type() !== EE_System::req_type_normal) {
-                EED_Core_Rest_Api::invalidate_cached_route_data();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes the cached route data so it will get refreshed next time the WP API is used
-     */
-    public static function invalidate_cached_route_data()
-    {
-        // delete the saved EE REST API routes
-        foreach (EED_Core_Rest_Api::versions_served() as $version => $hidden) {
-            delete_option(EED_Core_Rest_Api::saved_routes_option_names . $version);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the EE route data
-     *
-     * @return array top-level key is the namespace, next-level key is the route and its value is array{
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     * @type string|array $callback
-     * @type string       $methods
-     * @type boolean      $hidden_endpoint
-     * }
-     */
-    public static function get_ee_route_data()
-    {
-        $ee_routes = array();
-        foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoints) {
-            $ee_routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = self::_get_ee_route_data_for_version(
-                $version,
-                $hidden_endpoints
-            );
-        }
-        return $ee_routes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the EE route data from the wp options if it exists already,
-     * otherwise re-generates it and saves it to the option
-     *
-     * @param string  $version
-     * @param boolean $hidden_endpoints
-     * @return array
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_ee_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints = false)
-    {
-        $ee_routes = get_option(self::saved_routes_option_names . $version, null);
-        if (! $ee_routes || EED_Core_Rest_Api::debugMode()) {
-            $ee_routes = self::_save_ee_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints);
-        }
-        return $ee_routes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Saves the EE REST API route data to a wp option and returns it
-     *
-     * @param string  $version
-     * @param boolean $hidden_endpoints
-     * @return mixed|null
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _save_ee_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints = false)
-    {
-        $instance = self::instance();
-        $routes = apply_filters(
-            'EED_Core_Rest_Api__save_ee_route_data_for_version__routes',
-            array_replace_recursive(
-                $instance->_get_config_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints),
-                $instance->_get_meta_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints),
-                $instance->_get_model_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints),
-                $instance->_get_rpc_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints)
-            )
-        );
-        $option_name = self::saved_routes_option_names . $version;
-        if (get_option($option_name)) {
-            update_option($option_name, $routes, true);
-        } else {
-            add_option($option_name, $routes, null, 'no');
-        }
-        return $routes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Calculates all the EE routes and saves it to a WordPress option so we don't
-     * need to calculate it on every request
-     *
-     * @deprecated since version 4.9.1
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function save_ee_routes()
-    {
-        if (EE_Maintenance_Mode::instance()->models_can_query()) {
-            $instance = self::instance();
-            $routes = apply_filters(
-                'EED_Core_Rest_Api__save_ee_routes__routes',
-                array_replace_recursive(
-                    $instance->_register_config_routes(),
-                    $instance->_register_meta_routes(),
-                    $instance->_register_model_routes(),
-                    $instance->_register_rpc_routes()
-                )
-            );
-            update_option(self::saved_routes_option_names, $routes, true);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the route information relating to EE models
-     *
-     * @return array @see get_ee_route_data
-     * @deprecated since version 4.9.1
-     */
-    protected function _register_model_routes()
-    {
-        $model_routes = array();
-        foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
-            $model_routes[ EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace
-                           . $version ] = $this->_get_config_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint);
-        }
-        return $model_routes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decides whether or not to add write endpoints for this model.
-     *
-     * Currently, this defaults to exclude all global tables and models
-     * which would allow inserting WP core data (we don't want to duplicate
-     * what WP API does, as it's unnecessary, extra work, and potentially extra bugs)
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public static function should_have_write_endpoints(EEM_Base $model)
-    {
-        if ($model->is_wp_core_model()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        foreach ($model->get_tables() as $table) {
-            if ($table->is_global()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the names of all models which should have plural routes (eg `ee/v4.8.36/events`)
-     * in this versioned namespace of EE4
-     *
-     * @param $version
-     * @return array keys are model names (eg 'Event') and values ar either classnames (eg 'EEM_Event')
-     */
-    public static function model_names_with_plural_routes($version)
-    {
-        $model_version_info = new ModelVersionInfo($version);
-        $models_to_register = $model_version_info->modelsForRequestedVersion();
-        // let's not bother having endpoints for extra metas
-        unset(
-            $models_to_register['Extra_Meta'],
-            $models_to_register['Extra_Join'],
-            $models_to_register['Post_Meta']
-        );
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EED_Core_REST_API___register_model_routes',
-            $models_to_register
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the route data for EE models in the specified version
-     *
-     * @param string  $version
-     * @param boolean $hidden_endpoint
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_model_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint = false)
-    {
-        $model_routes = array();
-        $model_version_info = new ModelVersionInfo($version);
-        foreach (EED_Core_Rest_Api::model_names_with_plural_routes($version) as $model_name => $model_classname) {
-            $model = \EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_name);
-            // if this isn't a valid model then let's skip iterate to the next item in the loop.
-            if (! $model instanceof EEM_Base) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // yes we could just register one route for ALL models, but then they wouldn't show up in the index
-            $plural_model_route = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_collection_route($model);
-            $singular_model_route = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_entity_route($model, '(?P<id>[^\/]+)');
-            $model_routes[ $plural_model_route ] = array(
-                array(
-                    'callback'        => array(
-                        'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read',
-                        'handleRequestGetAll',
-                    ),
-                    'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
-                    'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
-                    'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                    'args'            => $this->_get_read_query_params($model, $version),
-                    '_links'          => array(
-                        'self' => rest_url(EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace . $version . $singular_model_route),
-                    ),
-                ),
-                'schema' => array(
-                    'schema_callback' => array(
-                        'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read',
-                        'handleSchemaRequest',
-                    ),
-                    'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
-                ),
-            );
-            $model_routes[ $singular_model_route ] = array(
-                array(
-                    'callback'        => array(
-                        'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read',
-                        'handleRequestGetOne',
-                    ),
-                    'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
-                    'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
-                    'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                    'args'            => $this->_get_response_selection_query_params($model, $version, true),
-                ),
-            );
-            if (apply_filters(
-                'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api___get_model_route_data_for_version__add_write_endpoints',
-                EED_Core_Rest_Api::should_have_write_endpoints($model),
-                $model
-            )) {
-                $model_routes[ $plural_model_route ][] = array(
-                    'callback'        => array(
-                        'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Write',
-                        'handleRequestInsert',
-                    ),
-                    'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
-                    'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
-                    'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                    'args'            => $this->_get_write_params($model_name, $model_version_info, true),
-                );
-                $model_routes[ $singular_model_route ] = array_merge(
-                    $model_routes[ $singular_model_route ],
-                    array(
-                        array(
-                            'callback'        => array(
-                                'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Write',
-                                'handleRequestUpdate',
-                            ),
-                            'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
-                            'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
-                            'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                            'args'            => $this->_get_write_params($model_name, $model_version_info),
-                        ),
-                        array(
-                            'callback'        => array(
-                                'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Write',
-                                'handleRequestDelete',
-                            ),
-                            'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
-                            'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE,
-                            'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                            'args'            => $this->_get_delete_query_params($model, $version),
-                        ),
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-                $related_route = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_relation_route_via(
-                    $model,
-                    '(?P<id>[^\/]+)',
-                    $relation_obj
-                );
-                $model_routes[ $related_route ] = array(
-                    array(
-                        'callback'        => array(
-                            'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read',
-                            'handleRequestGetRelated',
-                        ),
-                        'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name, $relation_name),
-                        'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
-                        'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                        'args'            => $this->_get_read_query_params($relation_obj->get_other_model(), $version),
-                    ),
-                );
-
-                $related_write_route = $related_route . '/' . '(?P<related_id>[^\/]+)';
-                $model_routes[$related_write_route] = array(
-                    array(
-                        'callback'        => array(
-                            'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Write',
-                            'handleRequestAddRelation',
-                        ),
-                        'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name, $relation_name),
-                        'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
-                        'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                        'args'            => $this->_get_add_relation_query_params($model,$relation_obj->get_other_model(), $version)
-                    ),
-                    array(
-                        'callback'        => array(
-                            'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Write',
-                            'handleRequestRemoveRelation',
-                        ),
-                        'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name, $relation_name),
-                        'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE,
-                        'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                        'args'            => array()
-                    ),
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $model_routes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the relative URI to a model's REST API plural route, after the EE4 versioned namespace,
-     * excluding the preceding slash.
-     * Eg you pass get_plural_route_to('Event') = 'events'
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function get_collection_route(EEM_Base $model)
-    {
-        return EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the relative URI to a model's REST API singular route, after the EE4 versioned namespace,
-     * excluding the preceding slash.
-     * Eg you pass get_plural_route_to('Event', 12) = 'events/12'
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base $model eg Event or Venue
-     * @param string   $id
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function get_entity_route($model, $id)
-    {
-        return EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_collection_route($model) . '/' . $id;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the relative URI to a model's REST API singular route, after the EE4 versioned namespace,
-     * excluding the preceding slash.
-     * Eg you pass get_plural_route_to('Event', 12) = 'events/12'
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base               $model eg Event or Venue
-     * @param string                 $id
-     * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation_obj
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function get_relation_route_via(EEM_Base $model, $id, EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation_obj)
-    {
-        $related_model_name_endpoint_part = ModelRead::getRelatedEntityName(
-            $relation_obj->get_other_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            $relation_obj
-        );
-        return EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_entity_route($model, $id) . '/' . $related_model_name_endpoint_part;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds onto the $relative_route the EE4 REST API versioned namespace.
-     * Eg if given '4.8.36' and 'events', will return 'ee/v4.8.36/events'
-     *
-     * @param string $relative_route
-     * @param string $version
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function get_versioned_route_to($relative_route, $version = '4.8.36')
-    {
-        return '/' . EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace . $version . '/' . $relative_route;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds all the RPC-style routes (remote procedure call-like routes, ie
-     * routes that don't conform to the traditional REST CRUD-style).
-     *
-     * @deprecated since 4.9.1
-     */
-    protected function _register_rpc_routes()
-    {
-        $routes = array();
-        foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
-            $routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = $this->_get_rpc_route_data_for_version(
-                $version,
-                $hidden_endpoint
-            );
-        }
-        return $routes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string  $version
-     * @param boolean $hidden_endpoint
-     * @return array
-     */
-    protected function _get_rpc_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint = false)
-    {
-        $this_versions_routes = array();
-        // checkin endpoint
-        $this_versions_routes['registrations/(?P<REG_ID>\d+)/toggle_checkin_for_datetime/(?P<DTT_ID>\d+)'] = array(
-            array(
-                'callback'        => array(
-                    'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\rpc\Checkin',
-                    'handleRequestToggleCheckin',
-                ),
-                'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
-                'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                'args'            => array(
-                    'force' => array(
-                        'required'    => false,
-                        'default'     => false,
-                        'description' => __(
-                        // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                            'Whether to force toggle checkin, or to verify the registration status and allowed ticket uses',
-                            // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                    ),
-                ),
-                'callback_args'   => array($version),
-            ),
-        );
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api___register_rpc_routes__this_versions_routes',
-            $this_versions_routes,
-            $version,
-            $hidden_endpoint
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the query params that can be used when request one or many
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param string   $version
-     * @return array
-     */
-    protected function _get_response_selection_query_params(\EEM_Base $model, $version, $single_only = false)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            'include'   => array(
-                'required' => false,
-                'default'  => '*',
-                'type'     => 'string',
-            ),
-            'calculate' => array(
-                'required'          => false,
-                'default'           => '',
-                'enum'              => self::$_field_calculator->retrieveCalculatedFieldsForModel($model),
-                'type'              => 'string',
-                // because we accept a CSV'd list of the enumerated strings, WP core validation and sanitization
-                // freaks out. We'll just validate this argument while handling the request
-                'validate_callback' => null,
-                'sanitize_callback' => null,
-            ),
-            'password' => array(
-                'required' => false,
-                'default' => '',
-                'type' => 'string'
-            )
-        );
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api___get_response_selection_query_params',
-            $query_params,
-            $model,
-            $version
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the parameters acceptable for delete requests
-     *
-     * @param \EEM_Base $model
-     * @param string    $version
-     * @return array
-     */
-    protected function _get_delete_query_params(\EEM_Base $model, $version)
-    {
-        $params_for_delete = array(
-            'allow_blocking' => array(
-                'required' => false,
-                'default'  => true,
-                'type'     => 'boolean',
-            ),
-        );
-        $params_for_delete['force'] = array(
-            'required' => false,
-            'default'  => false,
-            'type'     => 'boolean',
-        );
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api___get_delete_query_params',
-            $params_for_delete,
-            $model,
-            $version
-        );
-    }
-
-    protected function _get_add_relation_query_params(\EEM_Base $source_model, \EEM_Base $related_model, $version)
-    {
-        // if they're related through a HABTM relation, check for any non-FKs
-        $all_relation_settings = $source_model->relation_settings();
-        $relation_settings = $all_relation_settings[$related_model->get_this_model_name()];
-        $params = array();
-        if($relation_settings instanceof EE_HABTM_Relation && $relation_settings->get_join_model()->field_settings() > 3 ){
-            // all fields besides the primary key and two foreign keys should be parameters
-            $join_model = $relation_settings->get_join_model();
-            $standard_fields =array();
-            if($join_model->has_primary_key_field()){
-                $standard_fields[] = $join_model->primary_key_name();
-            }
-            if($source_model->has_primary_key_field()){
-                $standard_fields[] = $source_model->primary_key_name();
-            }
-            if($related_model->has_primary_key_field()){
-                $standard_fields[] = $related_model->primary_key_name();
-            }
-            $non_key_fields = array_diff_key(
-                $join_model->field_settings(),
-                array_flip($standard_fields)
-            );
-            foreach($non_key_fields as $field){
-                /* @var $field EE_Model_Field_Base */
-                $params[$field->get_name()] = array(
-                    'required' => ! $field->is_nullable(),
-                    'default' => ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson($field, $field->get_default_value(),$version, $join_model->get_timezone()),
-                    'type' => $field->getSchemaType(),
-                    'validate_callbaack' => null,
-                    'sanitize_callback' => null
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $params;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets info about reading query params that are acceptable
-     *
-     * @param \EEM_Base $model eg 'Event' or 'Venue'
-     * @param  string   $version
-     * @return array    describing the args acceptable when querying this model
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_read_query_params(\EEM_Base $model, $version)
-    {
-        $default_orderby = array();
-        foreach ($model->get_combined_primary_key_fields() as $key_field) {
-            $default_orderby[ $key_field->get_name() ] = 'ASC';
-        }
-        return array_merge(
-            $this->_get_response_selection_query_params($model, $version),
-            array(
-                'where'    => array(
-                    'required'          => false,
-                    'default'           => array(),
-                    'type'              => 'object',
-                    // because we accept an almost infinite list of possible where conditions, WP
-                    // core validation and sanitization freaks out. We'll just validate this argument
-                    // while handling the request
-                    'validate_callback' => null,
-                    'sanitize_callback' => null,
-                ),
-                'limit'    => array(
-                    'required'          => false,
-                    'default'           => EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_default_query_limit(),
-                    'type'              => array(
-                        'array',
-                        'string',
-                        'integer',
-                    ),
-                    // because we accept a variety of types, WP core validation and sanitization
-                    // freaks out. We'll just validate this argument while handling the request
-                    'validate_callback' => null,
-                    'sanitize_callback' => null,
-                ),
-                'order_by' => array(
-                    'required'          => false,
-                    'default'           => $default_orderby,
-                    'type'              => array(
-                        'object',
-                        'string',
-                    ),// because we accept a variety of types, WP core validation and sanitization
-                    // freaks out. We'll just validate this argument while handling the request
-                    'validate_callback' => null,
-                    'sanitize_callback' => null,
-                ),
-                'group_by' => array(
-                    'required'          => false,
-                    'default'           => null,
-                    'type'              => array(
-                        'object',
-                        'string',
-                    ),
-                    // because we accept  an almost infinite list of possible groupings,
-                    // WP core validation and sanitization
-                    // freaks out. We'll just validate this argument while handling the request
-                    'validate_callback' => null,
-                    'sanitize_callback' => null,
-                ),
-                'having'   => array(
-                    'required'          => false,
-                    'default'           => null,
-                    'type'              => 'object',
-                    // because we accept an almost infinite list of possible where conditions, WP
-                    // core validation and sanitization freaks out. We'll just validate this argument
-                    // while handling the request
-                    'validate_callback' => null,
-                    'sanitize_callback' => null,
-                ),
-                'caps'     => array(
-                    'required' => false,
-                    'default'  => EEM_Base::caps_read,
-                    'type'     => 'string',
-                    'enum'     => array(
-                        EEM_Base::caps_read,
-                        EEM_Base::caps_read_admin,
-                        EEM_Base::caps_edit,
-                        EEM_Base::caps_delete,
-                    ),
-                ),
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets parameter information for a model regarding writing data
-     *
-     * @param string           $model_name
-     * @param ModelVersionInfo $model_version_info
-     * @param boolean          $create                                       whether this is for request to create (in
-     *                                                                       which case we need all required params) or
-     *                                                                       just to update (in which case we don't
-     *                                                                       need those on every request)
-     * @return array
-     */
-    protected function _get_write_params(
-        $model_name,
-        ModelVersionInfo $model_version_info,
-        $create = false
-    ) {
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_name);
-        $fields = $model_version_info->fieldsOnModelInThisVersion($model);
-        $args_info = array();
-        foreach ($fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if ($field_obj->is_auto_increment()) {
-                // totally ignore auto increment IDs
-                continue;
-            }
-            $arg_info = $field_obj->getSchema();
-            $required = $create && ! $field_obj->is_nullable() && $field_obj->get_default_value() === null;
-            $arg_info['required'] = $required;
-            // remove the read-only flag. If it were read-only we wouldn't list it as an argument while writing, right?
-            unset($arg_info['readonly']);
-            $schema_properties = $field_obj->getSchemaProperties();
-            if (isset($schema_properties['raw'])
-                && $field_obj->getSchemaType() === 'object'
-            ) {
-                // if there's a "raw" form of this argument, use those properties instead
-                $arg_info = array_replace(
-                    $arg_info,
-                    $schema_properties['raw']
-                );
-            }
-            $arg_info['default'] = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson(
-                $field_obj,
-                $field_obj->get_default_value(),
-                $model_version_info->requestedVersion()
-            );
-            // we do our own validation and sanitization within the controller
-            if (function_exists('rest_validate_value_from_schema')) {
-                $sanitize_callback = array(
-                    'EED_Core_Rest_Api',
-                    'default_sanitize_callback',
-                );
-            } else {
-                $sanitize_callback = null;
-            }
-            $arg_info['sanitize_callback'] = $sanitize_callback;
-            $args_info[ $field_name ] = $arg_info;
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $gmt_arg_info = $arg_info;
-                $gmt_arg_info['description'] = sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        '%1$s - the value for this field in UTC. Ignored if %2$s is provided.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_obj->get_nicename(),
-                    $field_name
-                );
-                $args_info[ $field_name . '_gmt' ] = $gmt_arg_info;
-            }
-        }
-        return $args_info;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Replacement for WP API's 'rest_parse_request_arg'.
-     * If the value is blank but not required, don't bother validating it.
-     * Also, it uses our email validation instead of WP API's default.
-     *
-     * @param                 $value
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @param                 $param
-     * @return bool|true|WP_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     */
-    public static function default_sanitize_callback($value, WP_REST_Request $request, $param)
-    {
-        $attributes = $request->get_attributes();
-        if (! isset($attributes['args'][ $param ])
-            || ! is_array($attributes['args'][ $param ])) {
-            $validation_result = true;
-        } else {
-            $args = $attributes['args'][ $param ];
-            if ((
-                    $value === ''
-                    || $value === null
-                )
-                && (! isset($args['required'])
-                    || $args['required'] === false
-                )
-            ) {
-                // not required and not provided? that's cool
-                $validation_result = true;
-            } elseif (isset($args['format'])
-                      && $args['format'] === 'email'
-            ) {
-                $validation_result = true;
-                if (! self::_validate_email($value)) {
-                    $validation_result = new WP_Error(
-                        'rest_invalid_param',
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'The email address is not valid or does not exist.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-            } else {
-                $validation_result = rest_validate_value_from_schema($value, $args, $param);
-            }
-        }
-        if (is_wp_error($validation_result)) {
-            return $validation_result;
-        }
-        return rest_sanitize_request_arg($value, $request, $param);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether or not this email address is valid. Copied from EE_Email_Validation_Strategy::_validate_email()
-     *
-     * @param $email
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     */
-    protected static function _validate_email($email)
-    {
-        try {
-            EmailAddressFactory::create($email);
-            return true;
-        } catch (EmailValidationException $e) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets routes for the config
-     *
-     * @return array @see _register_model_routes
-     * @deprecated since version 4.9.1
-     */
-    protected function _register_config_routes()
-    {
-        $config_routes = array();
-        foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
-            $config_routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = $this->_get_config_route_data_for_version(
-                $version,
-                $hidden_endpoint
-            );
-        }
-        return $config_routes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets routes for the config for the specified version
-     *
-     * @param string  $version
-     * @param boolean $hidden_endpoint
-     * @return array
-     */
-    protected function _get_config_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint)
-    {
-        return array(
-            'config'    => array(
-                array(
-                    'callback'        => array(
-                        'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\config\Read',
-                        'handleRequest',
-                    ),
-                    'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
-                    'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                    'callback_args'   => array($version),
-                ),
-            ),
-            'site_info' => array(
-                array(
-                    'callback'        => array(
-                        'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\config\Read',
-                        'handleRequestSiteInfo',
-                    ),
-                    'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
-                    'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                    'callback_args'   => array($version),
-                ),
-            ),
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the meta info routes
-     *
-     * @return array @see _register_model_routes
-     * @deprecated since version 4.9.1
-     */
-    protected function _register_meta_routes()
-    {
-        $meta_routes = array();
-        foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
-            $meta_routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = $this->_get_meta_route_data_for_version(
-                $version,
-                $hidden_endpoint
-            );
-        }
-        return $meta_routes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string  $version
-     * @param boolean $hidden_endpoint
-     * @return array
-     */
-    protected function _get_meta_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint = false)
-    {
-        return array(
-            'resources' => array(
-                array(
-                    'callback'        => array(
-                        'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Meta',
-                        'handleRequestModelsMeta',
-                    ),
-                    'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
-                    'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                    'callback_args'   => array($version),
-                ),
-            ),
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Tries to hide old 4.6 endpoints from the
-     *
-     * @param array $route_data
-     * @return array
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function hide_old_endpoints($route_data)
-    {
-        // allow API clients to override which endpoints get hidden, in case
-        // they want to discover particular endpoints
-        // also, we don't have access to the request so we have to just grab it from the superglobal
-        $force_show_ee_namespace = ltrim(
-            EEH_Array::is_set($_REQUEST, 'force_show_ee_namespace', ''),
-            '/'
-        );
-        foreach (EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_ee_route_data() as $namespace => $relative_urls) {
-            foreach ($relative_urls as $resource_name => $endpoints) {
-                foreach ($endpoints as $key => $endpoint) {
-                    // skip schema and other route options
-                    if (! is_numeric($key)) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    // by default, hide "hidden_endpoint"s, unless the request indicates
-                    // to $force_show_ee_namespace, in which case only show that one
-                    // namespace's endpoints (and hide all others)
-                    if (($force_show_ee_namespace !== '' && $force_show_ee_namespace !== $namespace)
-                        || ($endpoint['hidden_endpoint'] && $force_show_ee_namespace === '')
-                    ) {
-                        $full_route = '/' . ltrim($namespace, '/');
-                        $full_route .= '/' . ltrim($resource_name, '/');
-                        unset($route_data[ $full_route ]);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $route_data;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns an array describing which versions of core support serving requests for.
-     * Keys are core versions' major and minor version, and values are the
-     * LOWEST requested version they can serve. Eg, 4.7 can serve requests for 4.6-like
-     * data by just removing a few models and fields from the responses. However, 4.15 might remove
-     * the answers table entirely, in which case it would be very difficult for
-     * it to serve 4.6-style responses.
-     * Versions of core that are missing from this array are unknowns.
-     * previous ver
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function version_compatibilities()
-    {
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EED_Core_REST_API__version_compatibilities',
-            array(
-                '4.8.29' => '4.8.29',
-                '4.8.33' => '4.8.29',
-                '4.8.34' => '4.8.29',
-                '4.8.36' => '4.8.29',
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the latest API version served. Eg if there
-     * are two versions served of the API, 4.8.29 and 4.8.32, and
-     * we are on core version 4.8.34, it will return the string "4.8.32"
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function latest_rest_api_version()
-    {
-        $versions_served = \EED_Core_Rest_Api::versions_served();
-        $versions_served_keys = array_keys($versions_served);
-        return end($versions_served_keys);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Using EED_Core_Rest_Api::version_compatibilities(), determines what version of
-     * EE the API can serve requests for. Eg, if we are on 4.15 of core, and
-     * we can serve requests from 4.12 or later, this will return array( '4.12', '4.13', '4.14', '4.15' ).
-     * We also indicate whether or not this version should be put in the index or not
-     *
-     * @return array keys are API version numbers (just major and minor numbers), and values
-     * are whether or not they should be hidden
-     */
-    public static function versions_served()
-    {
-        $versions_served = array();
-        $possibly_served_versions = EED_Core_Rest_Api::version_compatibilities();
-        $lowest_compatible_version = end($possibly_served_versions);
-        reset($possibly_served_versions);
-        $versions_served_historically = array_keys($possibly_served_versions);
-        $latest_version = end($versions_served_historically);
-        reset($versions_served_historically);
-        // for each version of core we have ever served:
-        foreach ($versions_served_historically as $key_versioned_endpoint) {
-            // if it's not above the current core version, and it's compatible with the current version of core
-            if ($key_versioned_endpoint === $latest_version) {
-                // don't hide the latest version in the index
-                $versions_served[ $key_versioned_endpoint ] = false;
-            } elseif ($key_versioned_endpoint >= $lowest_compatible_version
-                && $key_versioned_endpoint < EED_Core_Rest_Api::core_version()
-            ) {
-                // include, but hide, previous versions which are still supported
-                $versions_served[ $key_versioned_endpoint ] = true;
-            } elseif (apply_filters(
-                'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api__versions_served__include_incompatible_versions',
-                false,
-                $possibly_served_versions
-            )) {
-                // if a version is no longer supported, don't include it in index or list of versions served
-                $versions_served[ $key_versioned_endpoint ] = true;
-            }
-        }
-        return $versions_served;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the major and minor version of EE core's version string
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function core_version()
-    {
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EED_Core_REST_API__core_version',
-            implode(
-                '.',
-                array_slice(
-                    explode(
-                        '.',
-                        espresso_version()
-                    ),
-                    0,
-                    3
-                )
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the default limit that should be used when querying for resources
-     *
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public static function get_default_query_limit()
-    {
-        // we actually don't use a const because we want folks to always use
-        // this method, not the const directly
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api__get_default_query_limit',
-            50
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *
-     * @param string $version api version string (i.e. '4.8.36')
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function getCollectionRoutesIndexedByModelName($version = '')
-    {
-        $version = empty($version) ? self::latest_rest_api_version() : $version;
-        $model_names = self::model_names_with_plural_routes($version);
-        $collection_routes = array();
-        foreach ($model_names as $model_name => $model_class_name) {
-            $collection_routes[ strtolower($model_name) ] = '/' . self::ee_api_namespace . $version . '/'
-                                                            . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model_name);
-        }
-        return $collection_routes;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns an array of primary key names indexed by model names.
-     * @param string $version
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function getPrimaryKeyNamesIndexedByModelName($version = '')
-    {
-        $version = empty($version) ? self::latest_rest_api_version() : $version;
-        $model_names = self::model_names_with_plural_routes($version);
-        $primary_key_items = array();
-        foreach ($model_names as $model_name => $model_class_name) {
-            $primary_keys = $model_class_name::instance()->get_combined_primary_key_fields();
-            foreach ($primary_keys as $primary_key_name => $primary_key_field) {
-                if (count($primary_keys) > 1) {
-                    $primary_key_items[ strtolower($model_name) ][] = $primary_key_name;
-                } else {
-                    $primary_key_items[ strtolower($model_name) ] = $primary_key_name;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $primary_key_items;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Determines the EE REST API debug mode is activated, or not.
-     * @since $VID:$
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public static function debugMode()
-    {
-        static $debug_mode = null; // could be class prop
-        if ($debug_mode === null) {
-            $debug_mode = defined('EE_REST_API_DEBUG_MODE') && EE_REST_API_DEBUG_MODE;
-        }
-        return $debug_mode;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    run - initial module setup
-     *
-     * @access    public
-     * @param  WP $WP
-     * @return    void
-     */
-    public function run($WP)
-    {
-    }
+	const ee_api_namespace = Domain::API_NAMESPACE;
+
+	const ee_api_namespace_for_regex = 'ee\/v([^/]*)\/';
+
+	const saved_routes_option_names = 'ee_core_routes';
+
+	/**
+	 * string used in _links response bodies to make them globally unique.
+	 *
+	 * @see http://v2.wp-api.org/extending/linking/
+	 */
+	const ee_api_link_namespace = 'https://api.eventespresso.com/';
+
+	/**
+	 * @var CalculatedModelFields
+	 */
+	protected static $_field_calculator;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EED_Core_Rest_Api|EED_Module
+	 */
+	public static function instance()
+	{
+		self::$_field_calculator = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->load('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\CalculatedModelFields');
+		return parent::get_instance(__CLASS__);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    set_hooks - for hooking into EE Core, other modules, etc
+	 *
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @return    void
+	 */
+	public static function set_hooks()
+	{
+		self::set_hooks_both();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    set_hooks_admin - for hooking into EE Admin Core, other modules, etc
+	 *
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @return    void
+	 */
+	public static function set_hooks_admin()
+	{
+		self::set_hooks_both();
+	}
+
+
+	public static function set_hooks_both()
+	{
+		add_action('rest_api_init', array('EED_Core_Rest_Api', 'register_routes'), 10);
+		add_action('rest_api_init', array('EED_Core_Rest_Api', 'set_hooks_rest_api'), 5);
+		add_filter('rest_route_data', array('EED_Core_Rest_Api', 'hide_old_endpoints'), 10, 2);
+		add_filter(
+			'rest_index',
+			array('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Meta', 'filterEeMetadataIntoIndex')
+		);
+		EED_Core_Rest_Api::invalidate_cached_route_data_on_version_change();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets up hooks which only need to be included as part of REST API requests;
+	 * other requests like to the frontend or admin etc don't need them
+	 *
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function set_hooks_rest_api()
+	{
+		// set hooks which account for changes made to the API
+		EED_Core_Rest_Api::_set_hooks_for_changes();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * public wrapper of _set_hooks_for_changes.
+	 * Loads all the hooks which make requests to old versions of the API
+	 * appear the same as they always did
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function set_hooks_for_changes()
+	{
+		self::_set_hooks_for_changes();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Loads all the hooks which make requests to old versions of the API
+	 * appear the same as they always did
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _set_hooks_for_changes()
+	{
+		$folder_contents = EEH_File::get_contents_of_folders(array(EE_LIBRARIES . 'rest_api' . DS . 'changes'), false);
+		foreach ($folder_contents as $classname_in_namespace => $filepath) {
+			// ignore the base parent class
+			// and legacy named classes
+			if ($classname_in_namespace === 'ChangesInBase'
+				|| strpos($classname_in_namespace, 'Changes_In_') === 0
+			) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$full_classname = 'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\changes\\' . $classname_in_namespace;
+			if (class_exists($full_classname)) {
+				$instance_of_class = new $full_classname;
+				if ($instance_of_class instanceof ChangesInBase) {
+					$instance_of_class->setHooks();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Filters the WP routes to add our EE-related ones. This takes a bit of time
+	 * so we actually prefer to only do it when an EE plugin is activated or upgraded
+	 *
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function register_routes()
+	{
+		foreach (EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_ee_route_data() as $namespace => $relative_routes) {
+			foreach ($relative_routes as $relative_route => $data_for_multiple_endpoints) {
+				/**
+				 * @var array     $data_for_multiple_endpoints numerically indexed array
+				 *                                         but can also contain route options like {
+				 * @type array    $schema                      {
+				 * @type callable $schema_callback
+				 * @type array    $callback_args               arguments that will be passed to the callback, after the
+				 * WP_REST_Request of course
+				 * }
+				 * }
+				 */
+				// when registering routes, register all the endpoints' data at the same time
+				$multiple_endpoint_args = array();
+				foreach ($data_for_multiple_endpoints as $endpoint_key => $data_for_single_endpoint) {
+					/**
+					 * @var array     $data_for_single_endpoint {
+					 * @type callable $callback
+					 * @type string methods
+					 * @type array args
+					 * @type array _links
+					 * @type array    $callback_args            arguments that will be passed to the callback, after the
+					 * WP_REST_Request of course
+					 * }
+					 */
+					// skip route options
+					if (! is_numeric($endpoint_key)) {
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (! isset($data_for_single_endpoint['callback'], $data_for_single_endpoint['methods'])) {
+						throw new EE_Error(
+							esc_html__(
+							// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+								'Endpoint configuration data needs to have entries "callback" (callable) and "methods" (comma-separated list of accepts HTTP methods).',
+								// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+								'event_espresso'
+							)
+						);
+					}
+					$callback = $data_for_single_endpoint['callback'];
+					$single_endpoint_args = array(
+						'methods' => $data_for_single_endpoint['methods'],
+						'args'    => isset($data_for_single_endpoint['args']) ? $data_for_single_endpoint['args']
+							: array(),
+					);
+					if (isset($data_for_single_endpoint['_links'])) {
+						$single_endpoint_args['_links'] = $data_for_single_endpoint['_links'];
+					}
+					if (isset($data_for_single_endpoint['callback_args'])) {
+						$callback_args = $data_for_single_endpoint['callback_args'];
+						$single_endpoint_args['callback'] = function (\WP_REST_Request $request) use (
+							$callback,
+							$callback_args
+						) {
+							array_unshift($callback_args, $request);
+							return call_user_func_array(
+								$callback,
+								$callback_args
+							);
+						};
+					} else {
+						$single_endpoint_args['callback'] = $data_for_single_endpoint['callback'];
+					}
+					$multiple_endpoint_args[] = $single_endpoint_args;
+				}
+				if (isset($data_for_multiple_endpoints['schema'])) {
+					$schema_route_data = $data_for_multiple_endpoints['schema'];
+					$schema_callback = $schema_route_data['schema_callback'];
+					$callback_args = $schema_route_data['callback_args'];
+					$multiple_endpoint_args['schema'] = function () use ($schema_callback, $callback_args) {
+						return call_user_func_array(
+							$schema_callback,
+							$callback_args
+						);
+					};
+				}
+				register_rest_route(
+					$namespace,
+					$relative_route,
+					$multiple_endpoint_args
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if there was a version change or something that merits invalidating the cached
+	 * route data. If so, invalidates the cached route data so that it gets refreshed
+	 * next time the WP API is used
+	 */
+	public static function invalidate_cached_route_data_on_version_change()
+	{
+		if (EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() !== EE_System::req_type_normal) {
+			EED_Core_Rest_Api::invalidate_cached_route_data();
+		}
+		foreach (EE_Registry::instance()->addons as $addon) {
+			if ($addon instanceof EE_Addon && $addon->detect_req_type() !== EE_System::req_type_normal) {
+				EED_Core_Rest_Api::invalidate_cached_route_data();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes the cached route data so it will get refreshed next time the WP API is used
+	 */
+	public static function invalidate_cached_route_data()
+	{
+		// delete the saved EE REST API routes
+		foreach (EED_Core_Rest_Api::versions_served() as $version => $hidden) {
+			delete_option(EED_Core_Rest_Api::saved_routes_option_names . $version);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the EE route data
+	 *
+	 * @return array top-level key is the namespace, next-level key is the route and its value is array{
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 * @type string|array $callback
+	 * @type string       $methods
+	 * @type boolean      $hidden_endpoint
+	 * }
+	 */
+	public static function get_ee_route_data()
+	{
+		$ee_routes = array();
+		foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoints) {
+			$ee_routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = self::_get_ee_route_data_for_version(
+				$version,
+				$hidden_endpoints
+			);
+		}
+		return $ee_routes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the EE route data from the wp options if it exists already,
+	 * otherwise re-generates it and saves it to the option
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $version
+	 * @param boolean $hidden_endpoints
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_ee_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints = false)
+	{
+		$ee_routes = get_option(self::saved_routes_option_names . $version, null);
+		if (! $ee_routes || EED_Core_Rest_Api::debugMode()) {
+			$ee_routes = self::_save_ee_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints);
+		}
+		return $ee_routes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Saves the EE REST API route data to a wp option and returns it
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $version
+	 * @param boolean $hidden_endpoints
+	 * @return mixed|null
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _save_ee_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints = false)
+	{
+		$instance = self::instance();
+		$routes = apply_filters(
+			'EED_Core_Rest_Api__save_ee_route_data_for_version__routes',
+			array_replace_recursive(
+				$instance->_get_config_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints),
+				$instance->_get_meta_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints),
+				$instance->_get_model_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints),
+				$instance->_get_rpc_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints)
+			)
+		);
+		$option_name = self::saved_routes_option_names . $version;
+		if (get_option($option_name)) {
+			update_option($option_name, $routes, true);
+		} else {
+			add_option($option_name, $routes, null, 'no');
+		}
+		return $routes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Calculates all the EE routes and saves it to a WordPress option so we don't
+	 * need to calculate it on every request
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated since version 4.9.1
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function save_ee_routes()
+	{
+		if (EE_Maintenance_Mode::instance()->models_can_query()) {
+			$instance = self::instance();
+			$routes = apply_filters(
+				'EED_Core_Rest_Api__save_ee_routes__routes',
+				array_replace_recursive(
+					$instance->_register_config_routes(),
+					$instance->_register_meta_routes(),
+					$instance->_register_model_routes(),
+					$instance->_register_rpc_routes()
+				)
+			);
+			update_option(self::saved_routes_option_names, $routes, true);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the route information relating to EE models
+	 *
+	 * @return array @see get_ee_route_data
+	 * @deprecated since version 4.9.1
+	 */
+	protected function _register_model_routes()
+	{
+		$model_routes = array();
+		foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
+			$model_routes[ EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace
+						   . $version ] = $this->_get_config_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint);
+		}
+		return $model_routes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decides whether or not to add write endpoints for this model.
+	 *
+	 * Currently, this defaults to exclude all global tables and models
+	 * which would allow inserting WP core data (we don't want to duplicate
+	 * what WP API does, as it's unnecessary, extra work, and potentially extra bugs)
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public static function should_have_write_endpoints(EEM_Base $model)
+	{
+		if ($model->is_wp_core_model()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		foreach ($model->get_tables() as $table) {
+			if ($table->is_global()) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the names of all models which should have plural routes (eg `ee/v4.8.36/events`)
+	 * in this versioned namespace of EE4
+	 *
+	 * @param $version
+	 * @return array keys are model names (eg 'Event') and values ar either classnames (eg 'EEM_Event')
+	 */
+	public static function model_names_with_plural_routes($version)
+	{
+		$model_version_info = new ModelVersionInfo($version);
+		$models_to_register = $model_version_info->modelsForRequestedVersion();
+		// let's not bother having endpoints for extra metas
+		unset(
+			$models_to_register['Extra_Meta'],
+			$models_to_register['Extra_Join'],
+			$models_to_register['Post_Meta']
+		);
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EED_Core_REST_API___register_model_routes',
+			$models_to_register
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the route data for EE models in the specified version
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $version
+	 * @param boolean $hidden_endpoint
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_model_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint = false)
+	{
+		$model_routes = array();
+		$model_version_info = new ModelVersionInfo($version);
+		foreach (EED_Core_Rest_Api::model_names_with_plural_routes($version) as $model_name => $model_classname) {
+			$model = \EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_name);
+			// if this isn't a valid model then let's skip iterate to the next item in the loop.
+			if (! $model instanceof EEM_Base) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			// yes we could just register one route for ALL models, but then they wouldn't show up in the index
+			$plural_model_route = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_collection_route($model);
+			$singular_model_route = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_entity_route($model, '(?P<id>[^\/]+)');
+			$model_routes[ $plural_model_route ] = array(
+				array(
+					'callback'        => array(
+						'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read',
+						'handleRequestGetAll',
+					),
+					'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
+					'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
+					'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+					'args'            => $this->_get_read_query_params($model, $version),
+					'_links'          => array(
+						'self' => rest_url(EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace . $version . $singular_model_route),
+					),
+				),
+				'schema' => array(
+					'schema_callback' => array(
+						'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read',
+						'handleSchemaRequest',
+					),
+					'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
+				),
+			);
+			$model_routes[ $singular_model_route ] = array(
+				array(
+					'callback'        => array(
+						'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read',
+						'handleRequestGetOne',
+					),
+					'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
+					'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
+					'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+					'args'            => $this->_get_response_selection_query_params($model, $version, true),
+				),
+			);
+			if (apply_filters(
+				'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api___get_model_route_data_for_version__add_write_endpoints',
+				EED_Core_Rest_Api::should_have_write_endpoints($model),
+				$model
+			)) {
+				$model_routes[ $plural_model_route ][] = array(
+					'callback'        => array(
+						'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Write',
+						'handleRequestInsert',
+					),
+					'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
+					'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
+					'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+					'args'            => $this->_get_write_params($model_name, $model_version_info, true),
+				);
+				$model_routes[ $singular_model_route ] = array_merge(
+					$model_routes[ $singular_model_route ],
+					array(
+						array(
+							'callback'        => array(
+								'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Write',
+								'handleRequestUpdate',
+							),
+							'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
+							'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
+							'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+							'args'            => $this->_get_write_params($model_name, $model_version_info),
+						),
+						array(
+							'callback'        => array(
+								'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Write',
+								'handleRequestDelete',
+							),
+							'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
+							'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE,
+							'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+							'args'            => $this->_get_delete_query_params($model, $version),
+						),
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+				$related_route = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_relation_route_via(
+					$model,
+					'(?P<id>[^\/]+)',
+					$relation_obj
+				);
+				$model_routes[ $related_route ] = array(
+					array(
+						'callback'        => array(
+							'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read',
+							'handleRequestGetRelated',
+						),
+						'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name, $relation_name),
+						'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
+						'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+						'args'            => $this->_get_read_query_params($relation_obj->get_other_model(), $version),
+					),
+				);
+
+				$related_write_route = $related_route . '/' . '(?P<related_id>[^\/]+)';
+				$model_routes[$related_write_route] = array(
+					array(
+						'callback'        => array(
+							'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Write',
+							'handleRequestAddRelation',
+						),
+						'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name, $relation_name),
+						'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
+						'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+						'args'            => $this->_get_add_relation_query_params($model,$relation_obj->get_other_model(), $version)
+					),
+					array(
+						'callback'        => array(
+							'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Write',
+							'handleRequestRemoveRelation',
+						),
+						'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name, $relation_name),
+						'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::DELETABLE,
+						'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+						'args'            => array()
+					),
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $model_routes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the relative URI to a model's REST API plural route, after the EE4 versioned namespace,
+	 * excluding the preceding slash.
+	 * Eg you pass get_plural_route_to('Event') = 'events'
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function get_collection_route(EEM_Base $model)
+	{
+		return EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the relative URI to a model's REST API singular route, after the EE4 versioned namespace,
+	 * excluding the preceding slash.
+	 * Eg you pass get_plural_route_to('Event', 12) = 'events/12'
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model eg Event or Venue
+	 * @param string   $id
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function get_entity_route($model, $id)
+	{
+		return EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_collection_route($model) . '/' . $id;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the relative URI to a model's REST API singular route, after the EE4 versioned namespace,
+	 * excluding the preceding slash.
+	 * Eg you pass get_plural_route_to('Event', 12) = 'events/12'
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base               $model eg Event or Venue
+	 * @param string                 $id
+	 * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation_obj
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function get_relation_route_via(EEM_Base $model, $id, EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation_obj)
+	{
+		$related_model_name_endpoint_part = ModelRead::getRelatedEntityName(
+			$relation_obj->get_other_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			$relation_obj
+		);
+		return EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_entity_route($model, $id) . '/' . $related_model_name_endpoint_part;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds onto the $relative_route the EE4 REST API versioned namespace.
+	 * Eg if given '4.8.36' and 'events', will return 'ee/v4.8.36/events'
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relative_route
+	 * @param string $version
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function get_versioned_route_to($relative_route, $version = '4.8.36')
+	{
+		return '/' . EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace . $version . '/' . $relative_route;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds all the RPC-style routes (remote procedure call-like routes, ie
+	 * routes that don't conform to the traditional REST CRUD-style).
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated since 4.9.1
+	 */
+	protected function _register_rpc_routes()
+	{
+		$routes = array();
+		foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
+			$routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = $this->_get_rpc_route_data_for_version(
+				$version,
+				$hidden_endpoint
+			);
+		}
+		return $routes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string  $version
+	 * @param boolean $hidden_endpoint
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	protected function _get_rpc_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint = false)
+	{
+		$this_versions_routes = array();
+		// checkin endpoint
+		$this_versions_routes['registrations/(?P<REG_ID>\d+)/toggle_checkin_for_datetime/(?P<DTT_ID>\d+)'] = array(
+			array(
+				'callback'        => array(
+					'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\rpc\Checkin',
+					'handleRequestToggleCheckin',
+				),
+				'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
+				'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+				'args'            => array(
+					'force' => array(
+						'required'    => false,
+						'default'     => false,
+						'description' => __(
+						// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+							'Whether to force toggle checkin, or to verify the registration status and allowed ticket uses',
+							// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+					),
+				),
+				'callback_args'   => array($version),
+			),
+		);
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api___register_rpc_routes__this_versions_routes',
+			$this_versions_routes,
+			$version,
+			$hidden_endpoint
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the query params that can be used when request one or many
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param string   $version
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	protected function _get_response_selection_query_params(\EEM_Base $model, $version, $single_only = false)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			'include'   => array(
+				'required' => false,
+				'default'  => '*',
+				'type'     => 'string',
+			),
+			'calculate' => array(
+				'required'          => false,
+				'default'           => '',
+				'enum'              => self::$_field_calculator->retrieveCalculatedFieldsForModel($model),
+				'type'              => 'string',
+				// because we accept a CSV'd list of the enumerated strings, WP core validation and sanitization
+				// freaks out. We'll just validate this argument while handling the request
+				'validate_callback' => null,
+				'sanitize_callback' => null,
+			),
+			'password' => array(
+				'required' => false,
+				'default' => '',
+				'type' => 'string'
+			)
+		);
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api___get_response_selection_query_params',
+			$query_params,
+			$model,
+			$version
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the parameters acceptable for delete requests
+	 *
+	 * @param \EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param string    $version
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	protected function _get_delete_query_params(\EEM_Base $model, $version)
+	{
+		$params_for_delete = array(
+			'allow_blocking' => array(
+				'required' => false,
+				'default'  => true,
+				'type'     => 'boolean',
+			),
+		);
+		$params_for_delete['force'] = array(
+			'required' => false,
+			'default'  => false,
+			'type'     => 'boolean',
+		);
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api___get_delete_query_params',
+			$params_for_delete,
+			$model,
+			$version
+		);
+	}
+
+	protected function _get_add_relation_query_params(\EEM_Base $source_model, \EEM_Base $related_model, $version)
+	{
+		// if they're related through a HABTM relation, check for any non-FKs
+		$all_relation_settings = $source_model->relation_settings();
+		$relation_settings = $all_relation_settings[$related_model->get_this_model_name()];
+		$params = array();
+		if($relation_settings instanceof EE_HABTM_Relation && $relation_settings->get_join_model()->field_settings() > 3 ){
+			// all fields besides the primary key and two foreign keys should be parameters
+			$join_model = $relation_settings->get_join_model();
+			$standard_fields =array();
+			if($join_model->has_primary_key_field()){
+				$standard_fields[] = $join_model->primary_key_name();
+			}
+			if($source_model->has_primary_key_field()){
+				$standard_fields[] = $source_model->primary_key_name();
+			}
+			if($related_model->has_primary_key_field()){
+				$standard_fields[] = $related_model->primary_key_name();
+			}
+			$non_key_fields = array_diff_key(
+				$join_model->field_settings(),
+				array_flip($standard_fields)
+			);
+			foreach($non_key_fields as $field){
+				/* @var $field EE_Model_Field_Base */
+				$params[$field->get_name()] = array(
+					'required' => ! $field->is_nullable(),
+					'default' => ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson($field, $field->get_default_value(),$version, $join_model->get_timezone()),
+					'type' => $field->getSchemaType(),
+					'validate_callbaack' => null,
+					'sanitize_callback' => null
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $params;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets info about reading query params that are acceptable
+	 *
+	 * @param \EEM_Base $model eg 'Event' or 'Venue'
+	 * @param  string   $version
+	 * @return array    describing the args acceptable when querying this model
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_read_query_params(\EEM_Base $model, $version)
+	{
+		$default_orderby = array();
+		foreach ($model->get_combined_primary_key_fields() as $key_field) {
+			$default_orderby[ $key_field->get_name() ] = 'ASC';
+		}
+		return array_merge(
+			$this->_get_response_selection_query_params($model, $version),
+			array(
+				'where'    => array(
+					'required'          => false,
+					'default'           => array(),
+					'type'              => 'object',
+					// because we accept an almost infinite list of possible where conditions, WP
+					// core validation and sanitization freaks out. We'll just validate this argument
+					// while handling the request
+					'validate_callback' => null,
+					'sanitize_callback' => null,
+				),
+				'limit'    => array(
+					'required'          => false,
+					'default'           => EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_default_query_limit(),
+					'type'              => array(
+						'array',
+						'string',
+						'integer',
+					),
+					// because we accept a variety of types, WP core validation and sanitization
+					// freaks out. We'll just validate this argument while handling the request
+					'validate_callback' => null,
+					'sanitize_callback' => null,
+				),
+				'order_by' => array(
+					'required'          => false,
+					'default'           => $default_orderby,
+					'type'              => array(
+						'object',
+						'string',
+					),// because we accept a variety of types, WP core validation and sanitization
+					// freaks out. We'll just validate this argument while handling the request
+					'validate_callback' => null,
+					'sanitize_callback' => null,
+				),
+				'group_by' => array(
+					'required'          => false,
+					'default'           => null,
+					'type'              => array(
+						'object',
+						'string',
+					),
+					// because we accept  an almost infinite list of possible groupings,
+					// WP core validation and sanitization
+					// freaks out. We'll just validate this argument while handling the request
+					'validate_callback' => null,
+					'sanitize_callback' => null,
+				),
+				'having'   => array(
+					'required'          => false,
+					'default'           => null,
+					'type'              => 'object',
+					// because we accept an almost infinite list of possible where conditions, WP
+					// core validation and sanitization freaks out. We'll just validate this argument
+					// while handling the request
+					'validate_callback' => null,
+					'sanitize_callback' => null,
+				),
+				'caps'     => array(
+					'required' => false,
+					'default'  => EEM_Base::caps_read,
+					'type'     => 'string',
+					'enum'     => array(
+						EEM_Base::caps_read,
+						EEM_Base::caps_read_admin,
+						EEM_Base::caps_edit,
+						EEM_Base::caps_delete,
+					),
+				),
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets parameter information for a model regarding writing data
+	 *
+	 * @param string           $model_name
+	 * @param ModelVersionInfo $model_version_info
+	 * @param boolean          $create                                       whether this is for request to create (in
+	 *                                                                       which case we need all required params) or
+	 *                                                                       just to update (in which case we don't
+	 *                                                                       need those on every request)
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	protected function _get_write_params(
+		$model_name,
+		ModelVersionInfo $model_version_info,
+		$create = false
+	) {
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_name);
+		$fields = $model_version_info->fieldsOnModelInThisVersion($model);
+		$args_info = array();
+		foreach ($fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			if ($field_obj->is_auto_increment()) {
+				// totally ignore auto increment IDs
+				continue;
+			}
+			$arg_info = $field_obj->getSchema();
+			$required = $create && ! $field_obj->is_nullable() && $field_obj->get_default_value() === null;
+			$arg_info['required'] = $required;
+			// remove the read-only flag. If it were read-only we wouldn't list it as an argument while writing, right?
+			unset($arg_info['readonly']);
+			$schema_properties = $field_obj->getSchemaProperties();
+			if (isset($schema_properties['raw'])
+				&& $field_obj->getSchemaType() === 'object'
+			) {
+				// if there's a "raw" form of this argument, use those properties instead
+				$arg_info = array_replace(
+					$arg_info,
+					$schema_properties['raw']
+				);
+			}
+			$arg_info['default'] = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson(
+				$field_obj,
+				$field_obj->get_default_value(),
+				$model_version_info->requestedVersion()
+			);
+			// we do our own validation and sanitization within the controller
+			if (function_exists('rest_validate_value_from_schema')) {
+				$sanitize_callback = array(
+					'EED_Core_Rest_Api',
+					'default_sanitize_callback',
+				);
+			} else {
+				$sanitize_callback = null;
+			}
+			$arg_info['sanitize_callback'] = $sanitize_callback;
+			$args_info[ $field_name ] = $arg_info;
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$gmt_arg_info = $arg_info;
+				$gmt_arg_info['description'] = sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'%1$s - the value for this field in UTC. Ignored if %2$s is provided.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_obj->get_nicename(),
+					$field_name
+				);
+				$args_info[ $field_name . '_gmt' ] = $gmt_arg_info;
+			}
+		}
+		return $args_info;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Replacement for WP API's 'rest_parse_request_arg'.
+	 * If the value is blank but not required, don't bother validating it.
+	 * Also, it uses our email validation instead of WP API's default.
+	 *
+	 * @param                 $value
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @param                 $param
+	 * @return bool|true|WP_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 */
+	public static function default_sanitize_callback($value, WP_REST_Request $request, $param)
+	{
+		$attributes = $request->get_attributes();
+		if (! isset($attributes['args'][ $param ])
+			|| ! is_array($attributes['args'][ $param ])) {
+			$validation_result = true;
+		} else {
+			$args = $attributes['args'][ $param ];
+			if ((
+					$value === ''
+					|| $value === null
+				)
+				&& (! isset($args['required'])
+					|| $args['required'] === false
+				)
+			) {
+				// not required and not provided? that's cool
+				$validation_result = true;
+			} elseif (isset($args['format'])
+					  && $args['format'] === 'email'
+			) {
+				$validation_result = true;
+				if (! self::_validate_email($value)) {
+					$validation_result = new WP_Error(
+						'rest_invalid_param',
+						esc_html__(
+							'The email address is not valid or does not exist.',
+							'event_espresso'
+						)
+					);
+				}
+			} else {
+				$validation_result = rest_validate_value_from_schema($value, $args, $param);
+			}
+		}
+		if (is_wp_error($validation_result)) {
+			return $validation_result;
+		}
+		return rest_sanitize_request_arg($value, $request, $param);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether or not this email address is valid. Copied from EE_Email_Validation_Strategy::_validate_email()
+	 *
+	 * @param $email
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 */
+	protected static function _validate_email($email)
+	{
+		try {
+			EmailAddressFactory::create($email);
+			return true;
+		} catch (EmailValidationException $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets routes for the config
+	 *
+	 * @return array @see _register_model_routes
+	 * @deprecated since version 4.9.1
+	 */
+	protected function _register_config_routes()
+	{
+		$config_routes = array();
+		foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
+			$config_routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = $this->_get_config_route_data_for_version(
+				$version,
+				$hidden_endpoint
+			);
+		}
+		return $config_routes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets routes for the config for the specified version
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $version
+	 * @param boolean $hidden_endpoint
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	protected function _get_config_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint)
+	{
+		return array(
+			'config'    => array(
+				array(
+					'callback'        => array(
+						'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\config\Read',
+						'handleRequest',
+					),
+					'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
+					'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+					'callback_args'   => array($version),
+				),
+			),
+			'site_info' => array(
+				array(
+					'callback'        => array(
+						'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\config\Read',
+						'handleRequestSiteInfo',
+					),
+					'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
+					'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+					'callback_args'   => array($version),
+				),
+			),
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the meta info routes
+	 *
+	 * @return array @see _register_model_routes
+	 * @deprecated since version 4.9.1
+	 */
+	protected function _register_meta_routes()
+	{
+		$meta_routes = array();
+		foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
+			$meta_routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = $this->_get_meta_route_data_for_version(
+				$version,
+				$hidden_endpoint
+			);
+		}
+		return $meta_routes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string  $version
+	 * @param boolean $hidden_endpoint
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	protected function _get_meta_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint = false)
+	{
+		return array(
+			'resources' => array(
+				array(
+					'callback'        => array(
+						'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Meta',
+						'handleRequestModelsMeta',
+					),
+					'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
+					'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
+					'callback_args'   => array($version),
+				),
+			),
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Tries to hide old 4.6 endpoints from the
+	 *
+	 * @param array $route_data
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function hide_old_endpoints($route_data)
+	{
+		// allow API clients to override which endpoints get hidden, in case
+		// they want to discover particular endpoints
+		// also, we don't have access to the request so we have to just grab it from the superglobal
+		$force_show_ee_namespace = ltrim(
+			EEH_Array::is_set($_REQUEST, 'force_show_ee_namespace', ''),
+			'/'
+		);
+		foreach (EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_ee_route_data() as $namespace => $relative_urls) {
+			foreach ($relative_urls as $resource_name => $endpoints) {
+				foreach ($endpoints as $key => $endpoint) {
+					// skip schema and other route options
+					if (! is_numeric($key)) {
+						continue;
+					}
+					// by default, hide "hidden_endpoint"s, unless the request indicates
+					// to $force_show_ee_namespace, in which case only show that one
+					// namespace's endpoints (and hide all others)
+					if (($force_show_ee_namespace !== '' && $force_show_ee_namespace !== $namespace)
+						|| ($endpoint['hidden_endpoint'] && $force_show_ee_namespace === '')
+					) {
+						$full_route = '/' . ltrim($namespace, '/');
+						$full_route .= '/' . ltrim($resource_name, '/');
+						unset($route_data[ $full_route ]);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $route_data;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns an array describing which versions of core support serving requests for.
+	 * Keys are core versions' major and minor version, and values are the
+	 * LOWEST requested version they can serve. Eg, 4.7 can serve requests for 4.6-like
+	 * data by just removing a few models and fields from the responses. However, 4.15 might remove
+	 * the answers table entirely, in which case it would be very difficult for
+	 * it to serve 4.6-style responses.
+	 * Versions of core that are missing from this array are unknowns.
+	 * previous ver
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function version_compatibilities()
+	{
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EED_Core_REST_API__version_compatibilities',
+			array(
+				'4.8.29' => '4.8.29',
+				'4.8.33' => '4.8.29',
+				'4.8.34' => '4.8.29',
+				'4.8.36' => '4.8.29',
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the latest API version served. Eg if there
+	 * are two versions served of the API, 4.8.29 and 4.8.32, and
+	 * we are on core version 4.8.34, it will return the string "4.8.32"
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function latest_rest_api_version()
+	{
+		$versions_served = \EED_Core_Rest_Api::versions_served();
+		$versions_served_keys = array_keys($versions_served);
+		return end($versions_served_keys);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Using EED_Core_Rest_Api::version_compatibilities(), determines what version of
+	 * EE the API can serve requests for. Eg, if we are on 4.15 of core, and
+	 * we can serve requests from 4.12 or later, this will return array( '4.12', '4.13', '4.14', '4.15' ).
+	 * We also indicate whether or not this version should be put in the index or not
+	 *
+	 * @return array keys are API version numbers (just major and minor numbers), and values
+	 * are whether or not they should be hidden
+	 */
+	public static function versions_served()
+	{
+		$versions_served = array();
+		$possibly_served_versions = EED_Core_Rest_Api::version_compatibilities();
+		$lowest_compatible_version = end($possibly_served_versions);
+		reset($possibly_served_versions);
+		$versions_served_historically = array_keys($possibly_served_versions);
+		$latest_version = end($versions_served_historically);
+		reset($versions_served_historically);
+		// for each version of core we have ever served:
+		foreach ($versions_served_historically as $key_versioned_endpoint) {
+			// if it's not above the current core version, and it's compatible with the current version of core
+			if ($key_versioned_endpoint === $latest_version) {
+				// don't hide the latest version in the index
+				$versions_served[ $key_versioned_endpoint ] = false;
+			} elseif ($key_versioned_endpoint >= $lowest_compatible_version
+				&& $key_versioned_endpoint < EED_Core_Rest_Api::core_version()
+			) {
+				// include, but hide, previous versions which are still supported
+				$versions_served[ $key_versioned_endpoint ] = true;
+			} elseif (apply_filters(
+				'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api__versions_served__include_incompatible_versions',
+				false,
+				$possibly_served_versions
+			)) {
+				// if a version is no longer supported, don't include it in index or list of versions served
+				$versions_served[ $key_versioned_endpoint ] = true;
+			}
+		}
+		return $versions_served;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the major and minor version of EE core's version string
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function core_version()
+	{
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EED_Core_REST_API__core_version',
+			implode(
+				'.',
+				array_slice(
+					explode(
+						'.',
+						espresso_version()
+					),
+					0,
+					3
+				)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the default limit that should be used when querying for resources
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public static function get_default_query_limit()
+	{
+		// we actually don't use a const because we want folks to always use
+		// this method, not the const directly
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api__get_default_query_limit',
+			50
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @param string $version api version string (i.e. '4.8.36')
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function getCollectionRoutesIndexedByModelName($version = '')
+	{
+		$version = empty($version) ? self::latest_rest_api_version() : $version;
+		$model_names = self::model_names_with_plural_routes($version);
+		$collection_routes = array();
+		foreach ($model_names as $model_name => $model_class_name) {
+			$collection_routes[ strtolower($model_name) ] = '/' . self::ee_api_namespace . $version . '/'
+															. EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model_name);
+		}
+		return $collection_routes;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns an array of primary key names indexed by model names.
+	 * @param string $version
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function getPrimaryKeyNamesIndexedByModelName($version = '')
+	{
+		$version = empty($version) ? self::latest_rest_api_version() : $version;
+		$model_names = self::model_names_with_plural_routes($version);
+		$primary_key_items = array();
+		foreach ($model_names as $model_name => $model_class_name) {
+			$primary_keys = $model_class_name::instance()->get_combined_primary_key_fields();
+			foreach ($primary_keys as $primary_key_name => $primary_key_field) {
+				if (count($primary_keys) > 1) {
+					$primary_key_items[ strtolower($model_name) ][] = $primary_key_name;
+				} else {
+					$primary_key_items[ strtolower($model_name) ] = $primary_key_name;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $primary_key_items;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines the EE REST API debug mode is activated, or not.
+	 * @since $VID:$
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public static function debugMode()
+	{
+		static $debug_mode = null; // could be class prop
+		if ($debug_mode === null) {
+			$debug_mode = defined('EE_REST_API_DEBUG_MODE') && EE_REST_API_DEBUG_MODE;
+		}
+		return $debug_mode;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    run - initial module setup
+	 *
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @param  WP $WP
+	 * @return    void
+	 */
+	public function run($WP)
+	{
+	}
 }

Spacing +55 added lines, -55 removed lines

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ 
      */
     protected static function _set_hooks_for_changes()
     {
-        $folder_contents = EEH_File::get_contents_of_folders(array(EE_LIBRARIES . 'rest_api' . DS . 'changes'), false);
+        $folder_contents = EEH_File::get_contents_of_folders(array(EE_LIBRARIES.'rest_api'.DS.'changes'), false);
         foreach ($folder_contents as $classname_in_namespace => $filepath) {
             // ignore the base parent class
             // and legacy named classes
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ 
             ) {
                 continue;
             }
-            $full_classname = 'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\changes\\' . $classname_in_namespace;
+            $full_classname = 'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\changes\\'.$classname_in_namespace;
             if (class_exists($full_classname)) {
                 $instance_of_class = new $full_classname;
                 if ($instance_of_class instanceof ChangesInBase) {
@@ -177,10 +177,10 @@ 
                      * }
                      */
                     // skip route options
-                    if (! is_numeric($endpoint_key)) {
+                    if ( ! is_numeric($endpoint_key)) {
                         continue;
                     }
-                    if (! isset($data_for_single_endpoint['callback'], $data_for_single_endpoint['methods'])) {
+                    if ( ! isset($data_for_single_endpoint['callback'], $data_for_single_endpoint['methods'])) {
                         throw new EE_Error(
                             esc_html__(
                             // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ 
                     }
                     if (isset($data_for_single_endpoint['callback_args'])) {
                         $callback_args = $data_for_single_endpoint['callback_args'];
-                        $single_endpoint_args['callback'] = function (\WP_REST_Request $request) use (
+                        $single_endpoint_args['callback'] = function(\WP_REST_Request $request) use (
                             $callback,
                             $callback_args
                         ) {
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ 
                     $schema_route_data = $data_for_multiple_endpoints['schema'];
                     $schema_callback = $schema_route_data['schema_callback'];
                     $callback_args = $schema_route_data['callback_args'];
-                    $multiple_endpoint_args['schema'] = function () use ($schema_callback, $callback_args) {
+                    $multiple_endpoint_args['schema'] = function() use ($schema_callback, $callback_args) {
                         return call_user_func_array(
                             $schema_callback,
                             $callback_args
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ 
     {
         // delete the saved EE REST API routes
         foreach (EED_Core_Rest_Api::versions_served() as $version => $hidden) {
-            delete_option(EED_Core_Rest_Api::saved_routes_option_names . $version);
+            delete_option(EED_Core_Rest_Api::saved_routes_option_names.$version);
         }
     }
 
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ 
     {
         $ee_routes = array();
         foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoints) {
-            $ee_routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = self::_get_ee_route_data_for_version(
+            $ee_routes[self::ee_api_namespace.$version] = self::_get_ee_route_data_for_version(
                 $version,
                 $hidden_endpoints
             );
@@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ 
      */
     protected static function _get_ee_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints = false)
     {
-        $ee_routes = get_option(self::saved_routes_option_names . $version, null);
-        if (! $ee_routes || EED_Core_Rest_Api::debugMode()) {
+        $ee_routes = get_option(self::saved_routes_option_names.$version, null);
+        if ( ! $ee_routes || EED_Core_Rest_Api::debugMode()) {
             $ee_routes = self::_save_ee_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints);
         }
         return $ee_routes;
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ 
                 $instance->_get_rpc_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoints)
             )
         );
-        $option_name = self::saved_routes_option_names . $version;
+        $option_name = self::saved_routes_option_names.$version;
         if (get_option($option_name)) {
             update_option($option_name, $routes, true);
         } else {
@@ -374,8 +374,8 @@ 
     {
         $model_routes = array();
         foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
-            $model_routes[ EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace
-                           . $version ] = $this->_get_config_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint);
+            $model_routes[EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace
+                           . $version] = $this->_get_config_route_data_for_version($version, $hidden_endpoint);
         }
         return $model_routes;
     }
@@ -444,13 +444,13 @@ 
         foreach (EED_Core_Rest_Api::model_names_with_plural_routes($version) as $model_name => $model_classname) {
             $model = \EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_name);
             // if this isn't a valid model then let's skip iterate to the next item in the loop.
-            if (! $model instanceof EEM_Base) {
+            if ( ! $model instanceof EEM_Base) {
                 continue;
             }
             // yes we could just register one route for ALL models, but then they wouldn't show up in the index
             $plural_model_route = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_collection_route($model);
             $singular_model_route = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_entity_route($model, '(?P<id>[^\/]+)');
-            $model_routes[ $plural_model_route ] = array(
+            $model_routes[$plural_model_route] = array(
                 array(
                     'callback'        => array(
                         'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read',
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ 
                     'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
                     'args'            => $this->_get_read_query_params($model, $version),
                     '_links'          => array(
-                        'self' => rest_url(EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace . $version . $singular_model_route),
+                        'self' => rest_url(EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace.$version.$singular_model_route),
                     ),
                 ),
                 'schema' => array(
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ 
                     'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name),
                 ),
             );
-            $model_routes[ $singular_model_route ] = array(
+            $model_routes[$singular_model_route] = array(
                 array(
                     'callback'        => array(
                         'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read',
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ 
                 EED_Core_Rest_Api::should_have_write_endpoints($model),
                 $model
             )) {
-                $model_routes[ $plural_model_route ][] = array(
+                $model_routes[$plural_model_route][] = array(
                     'callback'        => array(
                         'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Write',
                         'handleRequestInsert',
@@ -499,8 +499,8 @@ 
                     'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
                     'args'            => $this->_get_write_params($model_name, $model_version_info, true),
                 );
-                $model_routes[ $singular_model_route ] = array_merge(
-                    $model_routes[ $singular_model_route ],
+                $model_routes[$singular_model_route] = array_merge(
+                    $model_routes[$singular_model_route],
                     array(
                         array(
                             'callback'        => array(
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ 
                     '(?P<id>[^\/]+)',
                     $relation_obj
                 );
-                $model_routes[ $related_route ] = array(
+                $model_routes[$related_route] = array(
                     array(
                         'callback'        => array(
                             'EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read',
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ 
                     ),
                 );
 
-                $related_write_route = $related_route . '/' . '(?P<related_id>[^\/]+)';
+                $related_write_route = $related_route.'/'.'(?P<related_id>[^\/]+)';
                 $model_routes[$related_write_route] = array(
                     array(
                         'callback'        => array(
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ 
                         'callback_args'   => array($version, $model_name, $relation_name),
                         'methods'         => WP_REST_Server::EDITABLE,
                         'hidden_endpoint' => $hidden_endpoint,
-                        'args'            => $this->_get_add_relation_query_params($model,$relation_obj->get_other_model(), $version)
+                        'args'            => $this->_get_add_relation_query_params($model, $relation_obj->get_other_model(), $version)
                     ),
                     array(
                         'callback'        => array(
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ 
      */
     public static function get_entity_route($model, $id)
     {
-        return EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_collection_route($model) . '/' . $id;
+        return EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_collection_route($model).'/'.$id;
     }
 
 
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ 
             $relation_obj->get_other_model()->get_this_model_name(),
             $relation_obj
         );
-        return EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_entity_route($model, $id) . '/' . $related_model_name_endpoint_part;
+        return EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_entity_route($model, $id).'/'.$related_model_name_endpoint_part;
     }
 
 
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ 
      */
     public static function get_versioned_route_to($relative_route, $version = '4.8.36')
     {
-        return '/' . EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace . $version . '/' . $relative_route;
+        return '/'.EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_namespace.$version.'/'.$relative_route;
     }
 
 
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ 
     {
         $routes = array();
         foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
-            $routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = $this->_get_rpc_route_data_for_version(
+            $routes[self::ee_api_namespace.$version] = $this->_get_rpc_route_data_for_version(
                 $version,
                 $hidden_endpoint
             );
@@ -771,28 +771,28 @@ 
         $all_relation_settings = $source_model->relation_settings();
         $relation_settings = $all_relation_settings[$related_model->get_this_model_name()];
         $params = array();
-        if($relation_settings instanceof EE_HABTM_Relation && $relation_settings->get_join_model()->field_settings() > 3 ){
+        if ($relation_settings instanceof EE_HABTM_Relation && $relation_settings->get_join_model()->field_settings() > 3) {
             // all fields besides the primary key and two foreign keys should be parameters
             $join_model = $relation_settings->get_join_model();
-            $standard_fields =array();
-            if($join_model->has_primary_key_field()){
+            $standard_fields = array();
+            if ($join_model->has_primary_key_field()) {
                 $standard_fields[] = $join_model->primary_key_name();
             }
-            if($source_model->has_primary_key_field()){
+            if ($source_model->has_primary_key_field()) {
                 $standard_fields[] = $source_model->primary_key_name();
             }
-            if($related_model->has_primary_key_field()){
+            if ($related_model->has_primary_key_field()) {
                 $standard_fields[] = $related_model->primary_key_name();
             }
             $non_key_fields = array_diff_key(
                 $join_model->field_settings(),
                 array_flip($standard_fields)
             );
-            foreach($non_key_fields as $field){
+            foreach ($non_key_fields as $field) {
                 /* @var $field EE_Model_Field_Base */
                 $params[$field->get_name()] = array(
                     'required' => ! $field->is_nullable(),
-                    'default' => ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson($field, $field->get_default_value(),$version, $join_model->get_timezone()),
+                    'default' => ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson($field, $field->get_default_value(), $version, $join_model->get_timezone()),
                     'type' => $field->getSchemaType(),
                     'validate_callbaack' => null,
                     'sanitize_callback' => null
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ 
     {
         $default_orderby = array();
         foreach ($model->get_combined_primary_key_fields() as $key_field) {
-            $default_orderby[ $key_field->get_name() ] = 'ASC';
+            $default_orderby[$key_field->get_name()] = 'ASC';
         }
         return array_merge(
             $this->_get_response_selection_query_params($model, $version),
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ 
                     'type'              => array(
                         'object',
                         'string',
-                    ),// because we accept a variety of types, WP core validation and sanitization
+                    ), // because we accept a variety of types, WP core validation and sanitization
                     // freaks out. We'll just validate this argument while handling the request
                     'validate_callback' => null,
                     'sanitize_callback' => null,
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ 
                 $sanitize_callback = null;
             }
             $arg_info['sanitize_callback'] = $sanitize_callback;
-            $args_info[ $field_name ] = $arg_info;
+            $args_info[$field_name] = $arg_info;
             if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
                 $gmt_arg_info = $arg_info;
                 $gmt_arg_info['description'] = sprintf(
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ 
                     $field_obj->get_nicename(),
                     $field_name
                 );
-                $args_info[ $field_name . '_gmt' ] = $gmt_arg_info;
+                $args_info[$field_name.'_gmt'] = $gmt_arg_info;
             }
         }
         return $args_info;
@@ -981,16 +981,16 @@ 
     public static function default_sanitize_callback($value, WP_REST_Request $request, $param)
     {
         $attributes = $request->get_attributes();
-        if (! isset($attributes['args'][ $param ])
-            || ! is_array($attributes['args'][ $param ])) {
+        if ( ! isset($attributes['args'][$param])
+            || ! is_array($attributes['args'][$param])) {
             $validation_result = true;
         } else {
-            $args = $attributes['args'][ $param ];
+            $args = $attributes['args'][$param];
             if ((
                     $value === ''
                     || $value === null
                 )
-                && (! isset($args['required'])
+                && ( ! isset($args['required'])
                     || $args['required'] === false
                 )
             ) {
@@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@ 
                       && $args['format'] === 'email'
             ) {
                 $validation_result = true;
-                if (! self::_validate_email($value)) {
+                if ( ! self::_validate_email($value)) {
                     $validation_result = new WP_Error(
                         'rest_invalid_param',
                         esc_html__(
@@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ 
     {
         $config_routes = array();
         foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
-            $config_routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = $this->_get_config_route_data_for_version(
+            $config_routes[self::ee_api_namespace.$version] = $this->_get_config_route_data_for_version(
                 $version,
                 $hidden_endpoint
             );
@@ -1105,7 +1105,7 @@ 
     {
         $meta_routes = array();
         foreach (self::versions_served() as $version => $hidden_endpoint) {
-            $meta_routes[ self::ee_api_namespace . $version ] = $this->_get_meta_route_data_for_version(
+            $meta_routes[self::ee_api_namespace.$version] = $this->_get_meta_route_data_for_version(
                 $version,
                 $hidden_endpoint
             );
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ 
             foreach ($relative_urls as $resource_name => $endpoints) {
                 foreach ($endpoints as $key => $endpoint) {
                     // skip schema and other route options
-                    if (! is_numeric($key)) {
+                    if ( ! is_numeric($key)) {
                         continue;
                     }
                     // by default, hide "hidden_endpoint"s, unless the request indicates
@@ -1166,9 +1166,9 @@ 
                     if (($force_show_ee_namespace !== '' && $force_show_ee_namespace !== $namespace)
                         || ($endpoint['hidden_endpoint'] && $force_show_ee_namespace === '')
                     ) {
-                        $full_route = '/' . ltrim($namespace, '/');
-                        $full_route .= '/' . ltrim($resource_name, '/');
-                        unset($route_data[ $full_route ]);
+                        $full_route = '/'.ltrim($namespace, '/');
+                        $full_route .= '/'.ltrim($resource_name, '/');
+                        unset($route_data[$full_route]);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1241,19 +1241,19 @@ 
             // if it's not above the current core version, and it's compatible with the current version of core
             if ($key_versioned_endpoint === $latest_version) {
                 // don't hide the latest version in the index
-                $versions_served[ $key_versioned_endpoint ] = false;
+                $versions_served[$key_versioned_endpoint] = false;
             } elseif ($key_versioned_endpoint >= $lowest_compatible_version
                 && $key_versioned_endpoint < EED_Core_Rest_Api::core_version()
             ) {
                 // include, but hide, previous versions which are still supported
-                $versions_served[ $key_versioned_endpoint ] = true;
+                $versions_served[$key_versioned_endpoint] = true;
             } elseif (apply_filters(
                 'FHEE__EED_Core_Rest_Api__versions_served__include_incompatible_versions',
                 false,
                 $possibly_served_versions
             )) {
                 // if a version is no longer supported, don't include it in index or list of versions served
-                $versions_served[ $key_versioned_endpoint ] = true;
+                $versions_served[$key_versioned_endpoint] = true;
             }
         }
         return $versions_served;
@@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ 
         $model_names = self::model_names_with_plural_routes($version);
         $collection_routes = array();
         foreach ($model_names as $model_name => $model_class_name) {
-            $collection_routes[ strtolower($model_name) ] = '/' . self::ee_api_namespace . $version . '/'
+            $collection_routes[strtolower($model_name)] = '/'.self::ee_api_namespace.$version.'/'
                                                             . EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model_name);
         }
         return $collection_routes;
@@ -1332,9 +1332,9 @@ 
             $primary_keys = $model_class_name::instance()->get_combined_primary_key_fields();
             foreach ($primary_keys as $primary_key_name => $primary_key_field) {
                 if (count($primary_keys) > 1) {
-                    $primary_key_items[ strtolower($model_name) ][] = $primary_key_name;
+                    $primary_key_items[strtolower($model_name)][] = $primary_key_name;
                 } else {
-                    $primary_key_items[ strtolower($model_name) ] = $primary_key_name;
+                    $primary_key_items[strtolower($model_name)] = $primary_key_name;
                 }
             }
         }

core/db_classes/EE_Base_Class.class.php

Indentation +3140 added lines, -3140 removed lines

@@ -13,3144 +13,3144 @@
 abstract class EE_Base_Class
 {
 
-    /**
-     * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
-     * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
-     * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
-     * which values to override and which to not override.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor;
-
-    /**
-     * Timezone
-     * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
-     * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
-     * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
-     * access to it.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_timezone;
-
-    /**
-     * date format
-     * pattern or format for displaying dates
-     *
-     * @var string $_dt_frmt
-     */
-    protected $_dt_frmt;
-
-    /**
-     * time format
-     * pattern or format for displaying time
-     *
-     * @var string $_tm_frmt
-     */
-    protected $_tm_frmt;
-
-    /**
-     * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
-     * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
-     * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
-     * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cached_properties = array();
-
-    /**
-     * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
-     * single
-     * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
-     * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
-     * all others have an array)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_model_relations = array();
-
-    /**
-     * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
-     * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_fields = array();
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
-     * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
-     * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
-     * it would be a bug.
-     */
-    protected $_allow_persist = true;
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
-     */
-    protected $_has_changes = false;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EEM_Base
-     */
-    protected $_model;
-
-    /**
-     * This is a cache of results from custom selections done on a query that constructs this entity. The only purpose
-     * for these values is for retrieval of the results, they are not further queryable and they are not persisted to
-     * the db.  They also do not automatically update if there are any changes to the data that produced their results.
-     * The format is a simple array of field_alias => field_value.  So for instance if a custom select was something
-     * like,  "Select COUNT(Registration.REG_ID) as Registration_Count ...", then the resulting value will be in this
-     * array as:
-     * array(
-     *  'Registration_Count' => 24
-     * );
-     * Note: if the custom select configuration for the query included a data type, the value will be in the data type
-     * provided for the query (@see EventEspresso\core\domain\values\model\CustomSelects::__construct phpdocs for more
-     * info)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $custom_selection_results = array();
-
-
-    /**
-     * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
-     * play nice
-     *
-     * @param array   $fieldValues                             where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
-     *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
-     *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
-     * @param boolean $bydb                                    a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
-     *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
-     * @param string  $timezone                                indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
-     *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
-     * @param array   $date_formats                            An array of date formats to set on construct where first
-     *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
-     *                                                         format.
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function __construct($fieldValues = array(), $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $model_fields = $model->field_settings(false);
-        // ensure $fieldValues is an array
-        $fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : array($fieldValues);
-        // verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
-        foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
-            if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $field_name,
-                        get_class($this),
-                        implode(', ', array_keys($model_fields))
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-            list($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt) = $date_formats;
-        } else {
-            // set default formats for date and time
-            $this->_dt_frmt = (string) get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
-            $this->_tm_frmt = (string) get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
-        }
-        // if db model is instantiating
-        if ($bydb) {
-            // client code has indicated these field values are from the database
-            foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
-                $this->set_from_db(
-                    $fieldName,
-                    isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null
-                );
-            }
-        } else {
-            // we're constructing a brand
-            // new instance of the model object. Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
-            foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
-                $this->set(
-                    $fieldName,
-                    isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null,
-                    true
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        // remember what values were passed to this constructor
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
-        // remember in entity mapper
-        if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
-            $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-        }
-        // setup all the relations
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
-            } else {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = array();
-            }
-        }
-        /**
-         * Action done at the end of each model object construction
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function allow_persist()
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
-     * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
-     * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
-     *
-     * @param boolean $allow_persist
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
-     * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return mixed|null
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_original($field_name)
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
-            && $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
-        ) {
-            return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_class($obj)
-    {
-        return get_class($obj);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param    string $field_name
-     * @param    mixed  $field_value
-     * @param bool      $use_default
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
-    {
-        // if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
-        // then don't do anything
-        if (! $use_default
-            && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
-            && $this->ID()
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $this->_has_changes = true;
-        $field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            // if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                $field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-                $field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-            }
-            $holder_of_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_value);
-            // should the value be null?
-            if (($field_value === null || $holder_of_value === null || $holder_of_value === '') && $use_default) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-                /**
-                 * To save having to refactor all the models, if a default value is used for a
-                 * EE_Datetime_Field, and that value is not null nor is it a DateTime
-                 * object.  Then let's do a set again to ensure that it becomes a DateTime
-                 * object.
-                 *
-                 * @since 4.6.10+
-                 */
-                if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field
-                    && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] !== null
-                    && ! $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-                ) {
-                    empty($this->_fields[ $field_name ])
-                        ? $this->set($field_name, time())
-                        : $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
-                }
-            } else {
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $holder_of_value;
-            }
-            // if we're not in the constructor...
-            // now check if what we set was a primary key
-            if (// note: props_n_values_provided_in_constructor is only set at the END of the constructor
-                $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-                && $field_value
-                && $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
-            ) {
-                // if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
-                // what we've explicitly set on this model
-                // or what we have in the db
-                // echo "setting primary key!";
-                $fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
-                $obj_in_db = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
-                foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
-                    if (! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
-                        && $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
-                    ) {
-                        $this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
-                    }
-                }
-                // oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
-                $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-            }
-            // let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
-            $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                )
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set custom select values for model.
-     *
-     * @param array $custom_select_values
-     */
-    public function setCustomSelectsValues(array $custom_select_values)
-    {
-        $this->custom_selection_results = $custom_select_values;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the custom select value for the provided alias if its set.
-     * If not set, returns null.
-     *
-     * @param string $alias
-     * @return string|int|float|null
-     */
-    public function getCustomSelect($alias)
-    {
-        return isset($this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ])
-            ? $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ]
-            : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
-     * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
-     *
-     * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
-     * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
-     * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
-     * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $this->set($field_name, $field_value);
-            return true;
-        }
-        // ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
-        $this->save();
-        return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
-     * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
-     * Example Usage:
-     * Via EE_Message child class:
-     * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
-     * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
-     * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
-     * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
-     * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
-     * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $column_value = $this->get($field_name);
-        } else {
-            // This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
-            $column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
-        }
-        return $column_value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
-     * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
-     * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
-     * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
-    {
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        // make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-        // make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
-        $model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
-                    EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string timezone string
-     */
-    public function get_timezone()
-    {
-        return $this->_timezone;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
-     * internally instead of wp set date format options
-     *
-     * @since 4.6
-     * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     */
-    public function set_date_format($format)
-    {
-        $this->_dt_frmt = $format;
-        // clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
-     * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
-     *
-     * @since 4.6
-     * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     */
-    public function set_time_format($format)
-    {
-        $this->_tm_frmt = $format;
-        // clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
-     *
-     * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
-     *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
-     * @return mixed string|array
-     */
-    public function get_format($full = true)
-    {
-        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * cache
-     * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
-     * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
-     *
-     * @param string        $relationName    one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
-     *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
-     *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
-     * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
-     *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
-     *                                       related thing, no array)
-     */
-    public function cache($relationName = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
-    {
-        // its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
-        if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
-        if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $relationName,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // how many things are related ?
-        if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            // if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
-            // eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
-            // so for these model objects just set it to be cached
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $object_to_cache;
-            $return = true;
-        } else {
-            // otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
-            // so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
-            // eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
-            // so we cache the registrations in an array
-            if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])) {
-                // if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
-                // then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
-                                                           instanceof
-                                                           EE_Base_Class
-                    ? array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) : array();
-            }
-            // first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
-            if (! empty($cache_id)) {
-                // if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
-                // with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return = $cache_id;
-            } elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
-                // OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return = $object_to_cache->ID();
-            } else {
-                // OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][] = $object_to_cache;
-                // move the internal pointer to the end of the array
-                end($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
-                // and grab the key so that we can return it
-                $return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
-            }
-        }
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
-     * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
-     * @param string|null $cache_type
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
-    {
-        // first make sure this property exists
-        $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
-        $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
-     * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
-     * @param bool   $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
-     *                                 to define how to output the property.
-     *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
-     * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        // verify the field exists
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
-        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
-            return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
-        }
-        $value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        $this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldname
-     * @param bool   $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        // If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            $this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        }
-        if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
-            $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
-        }
-        $value = $pretty
-            ? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
-            : $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
-     * @param bool               $pretty
-     * @param null               $date_or_time
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
-        EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
-        $pretty = false,
-        $date_or_time = null
-    ) {
-        $datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
-        $datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
-        // set the output returned
-        switch ($date_or_time) {
-            case 'D':
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
-                break;
-            case 'T':
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
-                break;
-            default:
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_properties()
-    {
-        $this->_cached_properties = array();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
-     *
-     * @param  string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
-            unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
-     * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
-    {
-        $other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
-            self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
-            $this->_timezone
-        );
-        return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
-     * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
-     * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
-     * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName                         one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
-     *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
-     * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
-     *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
-     *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
-     * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
-     *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
-     *                                                     relation from all
-     */
-    public function clear_cache($relationName, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
-    {
-        $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
-        $index_in_cache = '';
-        if (! $relationship_to_model) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $relationName,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if ($clear_all) {
-            $obj_removed = true;
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
-        } elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
-        } else {
-            if ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                && $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-            ) {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
-                if (is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-                    && ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])
-                ) {
-                    $index_found_at = null;
-                    // find this object in the array even though it has a different key
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $index => $obj) {
-                        /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
-                        if ($obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                            && (
-                                $obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
-                                || $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-                            )
-                        ) {
-                            $index_found_at = $index;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if ($index_found_at) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
-                    } else {
-                        // it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
-                        // if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
-                        return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-                    }
-                }
-            } elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                // so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
-                    /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
-                    if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-            }
-            // supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
-            // provided a bad index/object
-            if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
-                $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ];
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ]);
-            } else {
-                // that thing was never cached anyways.
-                $obj_removed = null;
-            }
-        }
-        return $obj_removed;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * update_cache_after_object_save
-     * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
-     * obtained after being saved to the db
-     *
-     * @param string        $relationName       - the type of object that is cached
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
-     * @param string        $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
-     * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update_cache_after_object_save(
-        $relationName,
-        EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
-        $current_cache_id = ''
-    ) {
-        // verify that incoming object is of the correct type
-        $obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
-        if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
-            /* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
-            // now get the type of relation
-            $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
-            // if this is a 1:1 relationship
-            if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                // then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-                // or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
-            }
-            if (is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-                && isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ])
-            ) {
-                // then remove the current cached item
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ]);
-                // and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     */
-    public function get_one_from_cache($relationName)
-    {
-        $cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-            ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
-            : null;
-        if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
-            return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
-        }
-        return $cached_array_or_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
-     */
-    public function get_all_from_cache($relationName)
-    {
-        $objects = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] : array();
-        // if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
-        $objects = is_array($objects) ? $objects : array($objects);
-        // bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
-        // basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
-        // already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
-        // otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
-        // EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relationName )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relationName);
-        foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
-            if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                // ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
-                if ($model_object->ID()) {
-                    $model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
-                }
-            } else {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $relationName,
-                        gettype($model_object)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous_x(
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = array(),
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_from_db($field_name, $field_value_from_db)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            // you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
-            // eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
-            // entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
-            // are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
-            if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
-                if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
-                    // if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
-                    $field_value = null;
-                } else {
-                    $field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-                }
-            } else {
-                $field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
-            }
-            $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
-            $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name A valid fieldname
-     * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
-     */
-    public function get_raw($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
-            : $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
-     * EE_Datetime_Field.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
-     * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
-     * @throws EE_Error an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
-     *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
-     *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
-     *                                         this field is nullable).
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
-            : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
-     * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        echo $this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
-     * can be easily used as the value of form input.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function f($field_name)
-    {
-        $this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_f($field_name)
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get_pretty($field_name, 'form_input');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
-     * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
-     * to see what options are available.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
-     * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
-     * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
-     *
-     * @access   protected
-     * @param string   $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
-     * @param string   $dt_frmt      valid datetime format used for date
-     *                               (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
-     *                               if NULL we use the last-used format)
-     * @param string   $tm_frmt      Same as above except this is for time format
-     * @param string   $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
-     * @param  boolean $echo         Whether the dtt is echoing using pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
-     * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
-     *                               if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '', $date_or_time = '', $echo = false)
-    {
-        // clear cached property
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        // reset format properties because they are used in get()
-        $this->_dt_frmt = $dt_frmt !== '' ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
-        $this->_tm_frmt = $tm_frmt !== '' ? $tm_frmt : $this->_tm_frmt;
-        if ($echo) {
-            $this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
-            return '';
-        }
-        return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @return string            datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param        $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param        $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
-     * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $dt_frmt    format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @param  string $tm_frmt    format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt, null, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @see date_i18n function.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for the date being retrieved.
-     * @param string $format     PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
-     *                           on the object will be used.
-     * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     *                           field name.
-     */
-    public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
-        return date_i18n(
-            $format,
-            EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
-                $this->get_raw($field_name),
-                $this->_timezone
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
-     * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
-     * thrown.
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name The field name being checked
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Datetime_Field
-     */
-    protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
-    {
-        $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        // check if field is dtt
-        if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            return $field;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                $field_name,
-                self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
-     * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
-     * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
-     * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
-     * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
-     */
-    /**
-     * sets the time on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets the date on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
-     * verifies that the given fieldname matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string          $what           "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
-     * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname      the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
-     *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_time($what = 'T', $datetime_value, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($fieldname);
-        $field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-        $field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-        switch ($what) {
-            case 'T':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
-                );
-                break;
-            case 'D':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
-                );
-                break;
-            case 'B':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
-                break;
-        }
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
-     * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
-     * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
-     * that could lead to some unexpected results!
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $field_name               This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
-     *                                         value being returned.
-     * @param string $callback                 must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
-     * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
-     * @param string $prepend                  You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
-     * @param string $append                   You can include something to append on the timestamp
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string timestamp
-     */
-    public function display_in_my_timezone(
-        $field_name,
-        $callback = 'get_datetime',
-        $args = null,
-        $prepend = '',
-        $append = ''
-    ) {
-        $timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
-        if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
-            return '';
-        }
-        $original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
-        $this->set_timezone($timezone);
-        $fn = (array) $field_name;
-        $args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
-        if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $callback
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $args = (array) $args;
-        $return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
-        $this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object.
-     * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
-     * override
-     * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
-     *
-     * @return boolean | int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note:
-         * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
-         * For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
-        $result = $this->_delete();
-        /**
-         * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note:
-         * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
-         * For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
-     * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
-     * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
-     * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
-     *
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _delete()
-    {
-        return $this->delete_permanently();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object permanently from db
-     * (but keep in mind related models may block the delete and return an error)
-     *
-     * @return bool | int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_permanently()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
-        $this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
-        /**
-         * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
-     * related model objects
-     *
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
-                $related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
-                if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    // this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
-                    // but let's make it consistent
-                    $related_objects = array($related_objects);
-                }
-                foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
-                    // only refresh their cache if they're in memory
-                    if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                        $related_object->clear_cache(
-                            $model->get_this_model_name(),
-                            $this
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
-     * object just before saving.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param array $set_cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values,
-     *                                 if provided during the save() method (often client code will change the fields'
-     *                                 values before calling save)
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return int , 1 on a successful update, the ID of the new entry on insert; 0 on failure or if the model object
-     *                                 isn't allowed to persist (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function save($set_cols_n_values = array())
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        /**
-         * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
-         *
-         * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
-         */
-        $set_cols_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values',
-            $set_cols_n_values,
-            $this
-        );
-        // set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
-        foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
-            $this->set($column, $value);
-        }
-        // no changes ? then don't do anything
-        if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        /**
-         * Saving a model object.
-         * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
-        if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        // now get current attribute values
-        $save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
-        // if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
-        // also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object.
-        // They have been
-        $old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
-            ->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
-        $model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
-        // does this model have an autoincrement PK?
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-                // ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
-                if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    if ($results) {
-                        // if successful, set the primary key
-                        // but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
-                        // an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
-                        // will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
-                        // will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
-                        // but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
-                        $pk_field_name = $model->primary_key_name();
-                        $this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
-                        $this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
-                        $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-                        $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {// PK is NOT auto-increment
-                // so check if one like it already exists in the db
-                if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
-                    if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
-                        throw new EE_Error(
-                            sprintf(
-                                esc_html__(
-                                    'Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
-                                    'event_espresso'
-                                ),
-                                get_class($this),
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
-                                '<br />'
-                            )
-                        );
-                    }
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {// there is NO primary key
-            $already_in_db = false;
-            foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
-                $uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
-                if ($model->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
-                    $already_in_db = true;
-                }
-            }
-            if ($already_in_db) {
-                $combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key(
-                    $save_cols_n_values,
-                    $model->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
-                );
-                $results = $model->update(
-                    $save_cols_n_values,
-                    $combined_pk_fields_n_values
-                );
-            } else {
-                $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-            }
-        }
-        // restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
-        $model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
-            $old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation
-        );
-        /**
-         * After saving the model object this action is called
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
-         * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
-         *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
-        $this->_has_changes = false;
-        return $results;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
-     * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
-     * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
-     * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
-     * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
-     * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
-     * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
-                    $fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
-                        $model->get_this_model_name()
-                    );
-                    $related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
-                    if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
-                        $related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
-     * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
-     * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
-     * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
-     * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
-     * and this object and properly setup
-     *
-     * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
-    {
-        // make sure this has been saved
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            $id = $this->save();
-        } else {
-            $id = $this->ID();
-        }
-        // now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
-        foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relationName => $relationObj) {
-            if ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) {
-                // is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
-                // or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
-                /* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
-                if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                    // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                    $related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
-                    // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                    $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
-                    $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                    // }
-                } else {
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $related_model_obj) {
-                        // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                        // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                        // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                        $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
-                        $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                        // }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $id;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * for getting a model while instantiated.
-     *
-     * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_model()
-    {
-        if (! $this->_model) {
-            $modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
-            $this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
-        } else {
-            $this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        }
-        return $this->_model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $props_n_values
-     * @param $classname
-     * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
-    {
-        // TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
-        $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-        if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-            && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
-        ) {
-            $id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
-            return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
-     * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
-     * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
-     * we return false.
-     *
-     * @param  array  $props_n_values   incoming array of properties and their values
-     * @param  string $classname        the classname of the child class
-     * @param null    $timezone
-     * @param array   $date_formats     incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $existing = null;
-        $model = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-            if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-                && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
-            ) {
-                $existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
-                    $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
-                );
-            }
-        } elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
-            // no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
-            $existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
-                self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)
-                    ->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
-            );
-        }
-        if ($existing) {
-            // set date formats if present before setting values
-            if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-                $existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
-                $existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
-            } else {
-                // set default formats for date and time
-                $existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
-                $existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
-            }
-            foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
-                $existing->set($property, $field_value);
-            }
-            return $existing;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
-     *
-     * @access public now, as this is more convenient
-     * @param      $classname
-     * @param null $timezone
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = null)
-    {
-        // find model for this class
-        if (! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
-        return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
-     *
-     * @param string $model_classname
-     * @param null   $timezone
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = null)
-    {
-        $model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
-        $model->set_timezone($timezone);
-        return $model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
-     * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
-     *
-     * @param null $model_name
-     * @return string like EEM_Attendee
-     */
-    private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = null)
-    {
-        if (strpos($model_name, 'EE_') === 0) {
-            $model_classname = str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name);
-        } else {
-            $model_classname = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
-        }
-        return $model_classname;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns the name of the primary key attribute
-     *
-     * @param null $classname
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
-    {
-        if (! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the value of the primary key.
-     * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
-     * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
-     * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
-     *
-     * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ID()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        // now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
-        }
-        return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
-     * @param string $relationName                     eg 'Events','Question',etc.
-     *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
-     *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
-     *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
-     * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
-     *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
-     *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
-     *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
-     *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
-     *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
-     *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
-     * @param null   $cache_id
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
-     */
-    public function _add_relation_to(
-        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-        $relationName,
-        $extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array(),
-        $cache_id = null
-    ) {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        // if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $otherObject = $model->add_relationship_to(
-                $this,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                $relationName,
-                $extra_join_model_fields_n_values
-            );
-            // clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject, true);
-            if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        } else {
-            // this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
-            if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                        get_class($this)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
-            $this->cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            // fix the reciprocal relation too
-            if ($otherObject->ID()) {
-                // its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
-                // clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
-                $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                    $model->get_this_model_name(),
-                    null,
-                    true
-                );
-            } else {
-                // it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
-                $otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
-     * from the cache
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-     *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
-     *                to the DB yet
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query
-     *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
-     *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
-     *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
-     *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then no row is
-     *                deleted.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObject = $this->get_model()->remove_relationship_to(
-                $this,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                $relationName,
-                $where_query
-            );
-            $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                $otherObject
-            );
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObject = $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-            );
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                $this
-            );
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] (where conditions)
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $where_query_params
-            );
-            $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                null,
-                true
-            );
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObjects = $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                null,
-                true
-            );
-        }
-        if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
-            foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                    $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    $this
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObjects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
-     * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
-     * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
-     * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]     Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary
-     *                             keys or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these
-     *                             results if you want IDs
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_many_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
-            // if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
-            if ($query_params) {
-                $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            } else {
-                // did we already cache the result of this query?
-                $cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
-                if (! $cached_results) {
-                    $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
-                        $this,
-                        $relationName,
-                        $query_params
-                    );
-                    // if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
-                    // for that relation. We can cache them then.
-                    foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
-                        $this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_objects = $cached_results;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
-            $related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
-        }
-        return $related_model_objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
-     * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name  model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params   like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
-     * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
-     *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->count_related(
-            $this,
-            $relation_name,
-            $query_params,
-            $field_to_count,
-            $distinct
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
-     * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params  like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @param string $field_to_sum  name of field to count by.
-     *                              By default, uses primary key
-     *                              (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably change it)
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_sum = null)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->sum_related(
-            $this,
-            $relation_name,
-            $query_params,
-            $field_to_sum
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @return EE_Base_Class (not an array, a single object)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_first_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        if ($this->ID()) {// this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
-            // if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
-            // also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
-            // on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
-            if ($query_params
-                || ! $model->related_settings_for($relationName)
-                     instanceof
-                     EE_Belongs_To_Relation
-            ) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            } else {
-                // first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
-                $cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
-                if (! $cached_result) {
-                    $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                        $this,
-                        $relationName,
-                        $query_params
-                    );
-                    $this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_object = $cached_result;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $related_model_object = null;
-            // this doesn't exist in the Db,
-            // but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
-            if ($model->related_settings_for($relationName) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            }
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
-            // just get what's cached on this object
-            if (! $related_model_object) {
-                $related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
-            }
-        }
-        return $related_model_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
-     * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
-     * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @return int how many deleted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $count = $this->get_model()->delete_related(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $query_params
-            );
-        } else {
-            $count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        }
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
-     * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
-     * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related_permanently($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $count = $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $query_params
-            );
-        } else {
-            $count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
-        }
-        $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * is_set
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
-     *
-     * @access  public
-     * @param  string $field_name property to check
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
-     */
-    public function is_set($field_name)
-    {
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
-     * EE_Error exception if they don't
-     *
-     * @param  mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
-     */
-    protected function _property_exists($properties)
-    {
-        foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
-            // first make sure this property exists
-            if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $property_name
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function model_field_array()
-    {
-        $fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        $properties = array();
-        // remove prepended underscore
-        foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
-            $properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
-        }
-        return $properties;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
-     * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
-     * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments.
-     * Instead of requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class
-     * (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that happen?)
-     * they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}'
-     * (eg, filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function)
-     * and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function was called,
-     * and an array of the original arguments passed to the function.
-     * Whatever their callback function returns will be returned by this function.
-     * Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
-     *      add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3);
-     *      function my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
-     *          $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
-     *          return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
-     *      }
-     * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
-     * $answer= EE_Answer::new_instance(array('REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'));
-     * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
-     * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
-     *
-     * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
-     * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
-     */
-    public function __call($methodName, $args)
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        $tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $methodName,
-                    $className,
-                    $tagName
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
-     * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed  $meta_value
-     * @param mixed  $previous_value
-     * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
-     *                  NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function update_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ),
-        );
-        if ($previous_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        $existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-        if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
-            return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
-        }
-        foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
-            $existing_row->save(array('EXM_value' => $meta_value));
-        }
-        return count($existing_rows_like_that);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
-     * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
-     * extra meta row was entered, false if not
-     *
-     * @param string  $meta_key
-     * @param mixed   $meta_value
-     * @param boolean $unique
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false)
-    {
-        if ($unique) {
-            $existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
-                array(
-                    array(
-                        'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                        'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                        'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    ),
-                )
-            );
-            if ($existing_extra_meta) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        $new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
-                'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
-                'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            )
-        );
-        $new_extra_meta->save();
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
-     * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed  $meta_value
-     * @return int number of extra meta rows deleted
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function delete_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ),
-        );
-        if ($meta_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
-     * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
-     * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
-     *
-     * @param string  $meta_key
-     * @param boolean $single
-     * @param mixed   $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
-     * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_extra_meta($meta_key, $single = false, $default = null)
-    {
-        if ($single) {
-            $result = $this->get_first_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
-            );
-            if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                return $result->value();
-            }
-        } else {
-            $results = $this->get_many_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
-            );
-            if ($results) {
-                $values = array();
-                foreach ($results as $result) {
-                    if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                        $values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
-                    }
-                }
-                return $values;
-            }
-        }
-        // if nothing discovered yet return default.
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
-            $default,
-            $meta_key,
-            $single,
-            $this
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
-     * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
-     * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
-     * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
-     * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
-     * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
-     * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
-     * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
-     *
-     * @param boolean $one_of_each_key
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function all_extra_meta_array($one_of_each_key = true)
-    {
-        $return_array = array();
-        if ($one_of_each_key) {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array('group_by' => 'EXM_key')
-            );
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
-                        $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = array();
-                    }
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $return_array;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        // find a field that's not a text field
-        $field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
-        if ($field_we_can_use) {
-            return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
-        }
-        $first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
-        $first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
-        $name_parts = array();
-        foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
-            $name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
-        }
-        return implode(',', $name_parts);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * in_entity_map
-     * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function in_entity_map()
-    {
-        // well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
-        return $this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * refresh_from_db
-     * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
-     *
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
-     * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
-     */
-    public function refresh_from_db()
-    {
-        if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
-            $this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
-        } else {
-            // if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
-            // if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
-            // that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
-            // absolutely nothing in it for this ID
-            if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $this->ID(),
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
-     * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function __toString()
-    {
-        try {
-            return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return '';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
-     * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
-     * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
-     * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
-     * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
-     * Eg, the following won't work:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $reg->attendee()->save();
-     * And would need to be replace with:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $att->save();
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __sleep()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
-                if ($this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
-                    && $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
-                ) {
-                    $this->clear_cache(
-                        $relation_name,
-                        $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = array();
-        $properties_to_serialize = get_object_vars($this);
-        // don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
-        unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
-        return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-     * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
-     * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
-     * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
-     */
-    public function __wakeup()
-    {
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Usage of this magic method is to ensure any internally cached references to object instances that must remain
-     * distinct with the clone host instance are also cloned.
-     */
-    public function __clone()
-    {
-        // handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
-        foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
-            if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
-            }
-        }
-    }
+	/**
+	 * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
+	 * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
+	 * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
+	 * which values to override and which to not override.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor;
+
+	/**
+	 * Timezone
+	 * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
+	 * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
+	 * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
+	 * access to it.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_timezone;
+
+	/**
+	 * date format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying dates
+	 *
+	 * @var string $_dt_frmt
+	 */
+	protected $_dt_frmt;
+
+	/**
+	 * time format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying time
+	 *
+	 * @var string $_tm_frmt
+	 */
+	protected $_tm_frmt;
+
+	/**
+	 * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
+	 * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
+	 * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
+	 * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cached_properties = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
+	 * single
+	 * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
+	 * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
+	 * all others have an array)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_model_relations = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
+	 * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_fields = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
+	 * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
+	 * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
+	 * it would be a bug.
+	 */
+	protected $_allow_persist = true;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
+	 */
+	protected $_has_changes = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EEM_Base
+	 */
+	protected $_model;
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a cache of results from custom selections done on a query that constructs this entity. The only purpose
+	 * for these values is for retrieval of the results, they are not further queryable and they are not persisted to
+	 * the db.  They also do not automatically update if there are any changes to the data that produced their results.
+	 * The format is a simple array of field_alias => field_value.  So for instance if a custom select was something
+	 * like,  "Select COUNT(Registration.REG_ID) as Registration_Count ...", then the resulting value will be in this
+	 * array as:
+	 * array(
+	 *  'Registration_Count' => 24
+	 * );
+	 * Note: if the custom select configuration for the query included a data type, the value will be in the data type
+	 * provided for the query (@see EventEspresso\core\domain\values\model\CustomSelects::__construct phpdocs for more
+	 * info)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $custom_selection_results = array();
+
+
+	/**
+	 * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
+	 * play nice
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $fieldValues                             where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
+	 *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
+	 *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
+	 * @param boolean $bydb                                    a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
+	 *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
+	 * @param string  $timezone                                indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
+	 *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
+	 * @param array   $date_formats                            An array of date formats to set on construct where first
+	 *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
+	 *                                                         format.
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($fieldValues = array(), $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$model_fields = $model->field_settings(false);
+		// ensure $fieldValues is an array
+		$fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : array($fieldValues);
+		// verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
+		foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
+			if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$field_name,
+						get_class($this),
+						implode(', ', array_keys($model_fields))
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+			list($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt) = $date_formats;
+		} else {
+			// set default formats for date and time
+			$this->_dt_frmt = (string) get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
+			$this->_tm_frmt = (string) get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
+		}
+		// if db model is instantiating
+		if ($bydb) {
+			// client code has indicated these field values are from the database
+			foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
+				$this->set_from_db(
+					$fieldName,
+					isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null
+				);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// we're constructing a brand
+			// new instance of the model object. Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
+			foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
+				$this->set(
+					$fieldName,
+					isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null,
+					true
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		// remember what values were passed to this constructor
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
+		// remember in entity mapper
+		if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
+			$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+		}
+		// setup all the relations
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
+			} else {
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = array();
+			}
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Action done at the end of each model object construction
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function allow_persist()
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
+	 * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
+	 * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $allow_persist
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
+	 * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return mixed|null
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_original($field_name)
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
+			&& $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
+		) {
+			return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_class($obj)
+	{
+		return get_class($obj);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param    string $field_name
+	 * @param    mixed  $field_value
+	 * @param bool      $use_default
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
+	{
+		// if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
+		// then don't do anything
+		if (! $use_default
+			&& $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
+			&& $this->ID()
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$this->_has_changes = true;
+		$field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			// if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+				$field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+				$field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+			}
+			$holder_of_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_value);
+			// should the value be null?
+			if (($field_value === null || $holder_of_value === null || $holder_of_value === '') && $use_default) {
+				$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+				/**
+				 * To save having to refactor all the models, if a default value is used for a
+				 * EE_Datetime_Field, and that value is not null nor is it a DateTime
+				 * object.  Then let's do a set again to ensure that it becomes a DateTime
+				 * object.
+				 *
+				 * @since 4.6.10+
+				 */
+				if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field
+					&& $this->_fields[ $field_name ] !== null
+					&& ! $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+				) {
+					empty($this->_fields[ $field_name ])
+						? $this->set($field_name, time())
+						: $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+				}
+			} else {
+				$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $holder_of_value;
+			}
+			// if we're not in the constructor...
+			// now check if what we set was a primary key
+			if (// note: props_n_values_provided_in_constructor is only set at the END of the constructor
+				$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+				&& $field_value
+				&& $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
+			) {
+				// if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
+				// what we've explicitly set on this model
+				// or what we have in the db
+				// echo "setting primary key!";
+				$fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
+				$obj_in_db = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
+				foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
+					if (! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
+						&& $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
+					) {
+						$this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
+					}
+				}
+				// oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
+				$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+			}
+			// let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
+			$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				)
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set custom select values for model.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $custom_select_values
+	 */
+	public function setCustomSelectsValues(array $custom_select_values)
+	{
+		$this->custom_selection_results = $custom_select_values;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the custom select value for the provided alias if its set.
+	 * If not set, returns null.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $alias
+	 * @return string|int|float|null
+	 */
+	public function getCustomSelect($alias)
+	{
+		return isset($this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ])
+			? $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ]
+			: null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
+	 * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
+	 *
+	 * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
+	 * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
+	 * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$this->set($field_name, $field_value);
+			return true;
+		}
+		// ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
+		$this->save();
+		return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
+	 * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
+	 * Example Usage:
+	 * Via EE_Message child class:
+	 * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
+	 * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
+	 * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
+	 * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
+	 * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
+	 * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$column_value = $this->get($field_name);
+		} else {
+			// This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
+			$column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
+		}
+		return $column_value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
+	 * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
+	 * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
+	 * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
+	{
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		// make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+		// make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
+		$model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+				if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
+					EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string timezone string
+	 */
+	public function get_timezone()
+	{
+		return $this->_timezone;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
+	 * internally instead of wp set date format options
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 */
+	public function set_date_format($format)
+	{
+		$this->_dt_frmt = $format;
+		// clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
+	 * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 */
+	public function set_time_format($format)
+	{
+		$this->_tm_frmt = $format;
+		// clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
+	 *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
+	 * @return mixed string|array
+	 */
+	public function get_format($full = true)
+	{
+		return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * cache
+	 * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
+	 * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
+	 *
+	 * @param string        $relationName    one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
+	 *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
+	 *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
+	 * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
+	 *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
+	 *                                       related thing, no array)
+	 */
+	public function cache($relationName = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
+	{
+		// its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
+		if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
+		if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
+					$relationName,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// how many things are related ?
+		if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			// if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
+			// eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
+			// so for these model objects just set it to be cached
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $object_to_cache;
+			$return = true;
+		} else {
+			// otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
+			// so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
+			// eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
+			// so we cache the registrations in an array
+			if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])) {
+				// if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
+				// then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
+														   instanceof
+														   EE_Base_Class
+					? array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) : array();
+			}
+			// first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
+			if (! empty($cache_id)) {
+				// if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
+				// with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return = $cache_id;
+			} elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
+				// OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return = $object_to_cache->ID();
+			} else {
+				// OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][] = $object_to_cache;
+				// move the internal pointer to the end of the array
+				end($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
+				// and grab the key so that we can return it
+				$return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
+			}
+		}
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
+	 * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
+	 * @param string|null $cache_type
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
+	{
+		// first make sure this property exists
+		$this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
+		$this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
+	 * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
+	 * @param bool   $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
+	 *                                 to define how to output the property.
+	 *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
+	 * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		// verify the field exists
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
+		$cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
+			return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
+		}
+		$value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		$this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldname
+	 * @param bool   $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		// If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			$this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		}
+		if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
+			$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
+		}
+		$value = $pretty
+			? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
+			: $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
+	 * @param bool               $pretty
+	 * @param null               $date_or_time
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
+		EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
+		$pretty = false,
+		$date_or_time = null
+	) {
+		$datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
+		$datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
+		// set the output returned
+		switch ($date_or_time) {
+			case 'D':
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
+				break;
+			case 'T':
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
+				break;
+			default:
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_properties()
+	{
+		$this->_cached_properties = array();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
+			unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
+	 * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
+	{
+		$other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
+			self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
+			$this->_timezone
+		);
+		return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
+	 * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
+	 * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
+	 * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName                         one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
+	 *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
+	 * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
+	 *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
+	 *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
+	 * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
+	 *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
+	 *                                                     relation from all
+	 */
+	public function clear_cache($relationName, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
+	{
+		$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
+		$index_in_cache = '';
+		if (! $relationship_to_model) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
+					$relationName,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($clear_all) {
+			$obj_removed = true;
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
+		} elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			$obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
+		} else {
+			if ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
+				&& $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+			) {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
+				if (is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+					&& ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])
+				) {
+					$index_found_at = null;
+					// find this object in the array even though it has a different key
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $index => $obj) {
+						/** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
+						if ($obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
+							&& (
+								$obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
+								|| $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+							)
+						) {
+							$index_found_at = $index;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+					if ($index_found_at) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
+					} else {
+						// it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
+						// if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
+						return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+					}
+				}
+			} elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				// so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
+					/** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
+					if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index;
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+			}
+			// supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
+			// provided a bad index/object
+			if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
+				$obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ];
+				unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ]);
+			} else {
+				// that thing was never cached anyways.
+				$obj_removed = null;
+			}
+		}
+		return $obj_removed;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * update_cache_after_object_save
+	 * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
+	 * obtained after being saved to the db
+	 *
+	 * @param string        $relationName       - the type of object that is cached
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
+	 * @param string        $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
+	 * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update_cache_after_object_save(
+		$relationName,
+		EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
+		$current_cache_id = ''
+	) {
+		// verify that incoming object is of the correct type
+		$obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
+		if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
+			/* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
+			// now get the type of relation
+			$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
+			// if this is a 1:1 relationship
+			if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				// then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+				// or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
+			}
+			if (is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+				&& isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ])
+			) {
+				// then remove the current cached item
+				unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ]);
+				// and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 */
+	public function get_one_from_cache($relationName)
+	{
+		$cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+			? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
+			: null;
+		if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
+			return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
+		}
+		return $cached_array_or_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
+	 */
+	public function get_all_from_cache($relationName)
+	{
+		$objects = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] : array();
+		// if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
+		$objects = is_array($objects) ? $objects : array($objects);
+		// bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
+		// basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
+		// already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
+		// otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
+		// EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relationName )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relationName);
+		foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
+			if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				// ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
+				if ($model_object->ID()) {
+					$model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
+				}
+			} else {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$relationName,
+						gettype($model_object)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous_x(
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = array(),
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_from_db($field_name, $field_value_from_db)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			// you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
+			// eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
+			// entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
+			// are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
+			if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
+				if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
+					// if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
+					$field_value = null;
+				} else {
+					$field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+				}
+			} else {
+				$field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
+			}
+			$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
+			$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name A valid fieldname
+	 * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
+	 */
+	public function get_raw($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+			? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
+			: $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
+	 * EE_Datetime_Field.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
+	 * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
+	 * @throws EE_Error an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
+	 *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
+	 *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
+	 *                                         this field is nullable).
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+			? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
+			: null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
+	 * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		echo $this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
+	 * can be easily used as the value of form input.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function f($field_name)
+	{
+		$this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_f($field_name)
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get_pretty($field_name, 'form_input');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
+	 * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
+	 * to see what options are available.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
+	 * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
+	 * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
+	 *
+	 * @access   protected
+	 * @param string   $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
+	 * @param string   $dt_frmt      valid datetime format used for date
+	 *                               (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
+	 *                               if NULL we use the last-used format)
+	 * @param string   $tm_frmt      Same as above except this is for time format
+	 * @param string   $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
+	 * @param  boolean $echo         Whether the dtt is echoing using pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
+	 * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
+	 *                               if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '', $date_or_time = '', $echo = false)
+	{
+		// clear cached property
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		// reset format properties because they are used in get()
+		$this->_dt_frmt = $dt_frmt !== '' ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
+		$this->_tm_frmt = $tm_frmt !== '' ? $tm_frmt : $this->_tm_frmt;
+		if ($echo) {
+			$this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
+			return '';
+		}
+		return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @return string            datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param        $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param        $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
+	 * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $dt_frmt    format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @param  string $tm_frmt    format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt, null, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @see date_i18n function.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for the date being retrieved.
+	 * @param string $format     PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
+	 *                           on the object will be used.
+	 * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 *                           field name.
+	 */
+	public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
+		return date_i18n(
+			$format,
+			EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
+				$this->get_raw($field_name),
+				$this->_timezone
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
+	 * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
+	 * thrown.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name The field name being checked
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Datetime_Field
+	 */
+	protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
+	{
+		$field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		// check if field is dtt
+		if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			return $field;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				$field_name,
+				self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
+	 * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
+	 * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
+	 * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
+	 * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
+	 */
+	/**
+	 * sets the time on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets the date on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
+	 * verifies that the given fieldname matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string          $what           "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
+	 * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname      the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
+	 *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_time($what = 'T', $datetime_value, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($fieldname);
+		$field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+		$field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+		switch ($what) {
+			case 'T':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
+				);
+				break;
+			case 'D':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
+				);
+				break;
+			case 'B':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
+				break;
+		}
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
+	 * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
+	 * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
+	 * that could lead to some unexpected results!
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $field_name               This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
+	 *                                         value being returned.
+	 * @param string $callback                 must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
+	 * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
+	 * @param string $prepend                  You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
+	 * @param string $append                   You can include something to append on the timestamp
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string timestamp
+	 */
+	public function display_in_my_timezone(
+		$field_name,
+		$callback = 'get_datetime',
+		$args = null,
+		$prepend = '',
+		$append = ''
+	) {
+		$timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
+		if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		$original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
+		$this->set_timezone($timezone);
+		$fn = (array) $field_name;
+		$args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
+		if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$callback
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$args = (array) $args;
+		$return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
+		$this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object.
+	 * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
+	 * override
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean | int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note:
+		 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
+		 * For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
+		$result = $this->_delete();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note:
+		 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
+		 * For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
+	 * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
+	 * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
+	 *
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _delete()
+	{
+		return $this->delete_permanently();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object permanently from db
+	 * (but keep in mind related models may block the delete and return an error)
+	 *
+	 * @return bool | int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_permanently()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
+		$this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
+	 * related model objects
+	 *
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
+				$related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
+				if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					// this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
+					// but let's make it consistent
+					$related_objects = array($related_objects);
+				}
+				foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
+					// only refresh their cache if they're in memory
+					if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+						$related_object->clear_cache(
+							$model->get_this_model_name(),
+							$this
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
+	 * object just before saving.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param array $set_cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values,
+	 *                                 if provided during the save() method (often client code will change the fields'
+	 *                                 values before calling save)
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return int , 1 on a successful update, the ID of the new entry on insert; 0 on failure or if the model object
+	 *                                 isn't allowed to persist (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function save($set_cols_n_values = array())
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		/**
+		 * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
+		 *
+		 * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
+		 */
+		$set_cols_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values',
+			$set_cols_n_values,
+			$this
+		);
+		// set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
+		foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
+			$this->set($column, $value);
+		}
+		// no changes ? then don't do anything
+		if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Saving a model object.
+		 * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
+		if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		// now get current attribute values
+		$save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
+		// if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
+		// also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object.
+		// They have been
+		$old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
+			->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
+		$model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
+		// does this model have an autoincrement PK?
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+				// ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
+				if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					if ($results) {
+						// if successful, set the primary key
+						// but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
+						// an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
+						// will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
+						// will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
+						// but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
+						$pk_field_name = $model->primary_key_name();
+						$this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
+						$this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
+						$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+						$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+					}
+				}
+			} else {// PK is NOT auto-increment
+				// so check if one like it already exists in the db
+				if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
+					if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
+						throw new EE_Error(
+							sprintf(
+								esc_html__(
+									'Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
+									'event_espresso'
+								),
+								get_class($this),
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
+								'<br />'
+							)
+						);
+					}
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {// there is NO primary key
+			$already_in_db = false;
+			foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
+				$uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
+				if ($model->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
+					$already_in_db = true;
+				}
+			}
+			if ($already_in_db) {
+				$combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key(
+					$save_cols_n_values,
+					$model->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
+				);
+				$results = $model->update(
+					$save_cols_n_values,
+					$combined_pk_fields_n_values
+				);
+			} else {
+				$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+			}
+		}
+		// restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
+		$model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
+			$old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation
+		);
+		/**
+		 * After saving the model object this action is called
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
+		 * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
+		 *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
+		$this->_has_changes = false;
+		return $results;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
+	 * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
+	 * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
+	 * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
+	 * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
+	 * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
+	 * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
+					$fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
+						$model->get_this_model_name()
+					);
+					$related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
+					if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
+						$related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
+	 * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
+	 * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
+	 * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
+	 * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
+	 * and this object and properly setup
+	 *
+	 * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
+	{
+		// make sure this has been saved
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			$id = $this->save();
+		} else {
+			$id = $this->ID();
+		}
+		// now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
+		foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relationName => $relationObj) {
+			if ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) {
+				// is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
+				// or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
+				/* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
+				if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					// add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+					// but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+					$related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
+					// if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+					$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
+					$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+					// }
+				} else {
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $related_model_obj) {
+						// add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+						// but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+						// if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+						$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
+						$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+						// }
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $id;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * for getting a model while instantiated.
+	 *
+	 * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_model()
+	{
+		if (! $this->_model) {
+			$modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
+			$this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
+		} else {
+			$this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		}
+		return $this->_model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $props_n_values
+	 * @param $classname
+	 * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
+	{
+		// TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
+		$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+		if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
+			&& ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+		) {
+			$id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
+			return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
+	 * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
+	 * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
+	 * we return false.
+	 *
+	 * @param  array  $props_n_values   incoming array of properties and their values
+	 * @param  string $classname        the classname of the child class
+	 * @param null    $timezone
+	 * @param array   $date_formats     incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$existing = null;
+		$model = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+			if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
+				&& ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+			) {
+				$existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
+					$props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
+				);
+			}
+		} elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
+			// no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
+			$existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
+				self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)
+					->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($existing) {
+			// set date formats if present before setting values
+			if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+				$existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
+				$existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
+			} else {
+				// set default formats for date and time
+				$existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
+				$existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
+			}
+			foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
+				$existing->set($property, $field_value);
+			}
+			return $existing;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
+	 *
+	 * @access public now, as this is more convenient
+	 * @param      $classname
+	 * @param null $timezone
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = null)
+	{
+		// find model for this class
+		if (! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
+		return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_classname
+	 * @param null   $timezone
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = null)
+	{
+		$model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
+		$model->set_timezone($timezone);
+		return $model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
+	 * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
+	 *
+	 * @param null $model_name
+	 * @return string like EEM_Attendee
+	 */
+	private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = null)
+	{
+		if (strpos($model_name, 'EE_') === 0) {
+			$model_classname = str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name);
+		} else {
+			$model_classname = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
+		}
+		return $model_classname;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns the name of the primary key attribute
+	 *
+	 * @param null $classname
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
+	{
+		if (! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the value of the primary key.
+	 * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
+	 * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
+	 * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ID()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		// now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
+		}
+		return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
+	 * @param string $relationName                     eg 'Events','Question',etc.
+	 *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
+	 *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
+	 *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
+	 * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
+	 *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
+	 *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
+	 *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
+	 *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
+	 *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
+	 *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
+	 * @param null   $cache_id
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
+	 */
+	public function _add_relation_to(
+		$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+		$relationName,
+		$extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array(),
+		$cache_id = null
+	) {
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		// if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$otherObject = $model->add_relationship_to(
+				$this,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+				$relationName,
+				$extra_join_model_fields_n_values
+			);
+			// clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject, true);
+			if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
+			if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+						get_class($this)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
+			$this->cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			// fix the reciprocal relation too
+			if ($otherObject->ID()) {
+				// its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
+				// clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
+				$otherObject->clear_cache(
+					$model->get_this_model_name(),
+					null,
+					true
+				);
+			} else {
+				// it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
+				$otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
+	 * from the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+	 *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
+	 *                to the DB yet
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query
+	 *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
+	 *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
+	 *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
+	 *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then no row is
+	 *                deleted.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObject = $this->get_model()->remove_relationship_to(
+				$this,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+				$relationName,
+				$where_query
+			);
+			$this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				$otherObject
+			);
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObject = $this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+			);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$otherObject->clear_cache(
+				$this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+				$this
+			);
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] (where conditions)
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$where_query_params
+			);
+			$this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				null,
+				true
+			);
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObjects = $this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				null,
+				true
+			);
+		}
+		if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
+			foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache(
+					$this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					$this
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObjects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
+	 * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
+	 * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
+	 * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]     Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary
+	 *                             keys or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these
+	 *                             results if you want IDs
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_many_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
+			// if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
+			if ($query_params) {
+				$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			} else {
+				// did we already cache the result of this query?
+				$cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
+				if (! $cached_results) {
+					$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
+						$this,
+						$relationName,
+						$query_params
+					);
+					// if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
+					// for that relation. We can cache them then.
+					foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
+						$this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
+					}
+				} else {
+					$related_model_objects = $cached_results;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
+			$related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
+		}
+		return $related_model_objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
+	 * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name  model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params   like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
+	 * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
+	 *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->count_related(
+			$this,
+			$relation_name,
+			$query_params,
+			$field_to_count,
+			$distinct
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
+	 * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params  like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @param string $field_to_sum  name of field to count by.
+	 *                              By default, uses primary key
+	 *                              (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably change it)
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_sum = null)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->sum_related(
+			$this,
+			$relation_name,
+			$query_params,
+			$field_to_sum
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class (not an array, a single object)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_first_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		if ($this->ID()) {// this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
+			// if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
+			// also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
+			// on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
+			if ($query_params
+				|| ! $model->related_settings_for($relationName)
+					 instanceof
+					 EE_Belongs_To_Relation
+			) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			} else {
+				// first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
+				$cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
+				if (! $cached_result) {
+					$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+						$this,
+						$relationName,
+						$query_params
+					);
+					$this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
+				} else {
+					$related_model_object = $cached_result;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$related_model_object = null;
+			// this doesn't exist in the Db,
+			// but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
+			if ($model->related_settings_for($relationName) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			}
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
+			// just get what's cached on this object
+			if (! $related_model_object) {
+				$related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
+			}
+		}
+		return $related_model_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
+	 * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
+	 * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @return int how many deleted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$count = $this->get_model()->delete_related(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$query_params
+			);
+		} else {
+			$count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		}
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
+	 * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
+	 * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related_permanently($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$count = $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$query_params
+			);
+		} else {
+			$count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
+		}
+		$this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * is_set
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
+	 *
+	 * @access  public
+	 * @param  string $field_name property to check
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
+	 */
+	public function is_set($field_name)
+	{
+		return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
+	 * EE_Error exception if they don't
+	 *
+	 * @param  mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
+	 */
+	protected function _property_exists($properties)
+	{
+		foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
+			// first make sure this property exists
+			if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$property_name
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function model_field_array()
+	{
+		$fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		$properties = array();
+		// remove prepended underscore
+		foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
+			$properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
+		}
+		return $properties;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
+	 * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
+	 * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments.
+	 * Instead of requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class
+	 * (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that happen?)
+	 * they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}'
+	 * (eg, filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function)
+	 * and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function was called,
+	 * and an array of the original arguments passed to the function.
+	 * Whatever their callback function returns will be returned by this function.
+	 * Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
+	 *      add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3);
+	 *      function my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
+	 *          $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
+	 *          return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
+	 *      }
+	 * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
+	 * $answer= EE_Answer::new_instance(array('REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'));
+	 * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
+	 * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
+	 *
+	 * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
+	 * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
+	 */
+	public function __call($methodName, $args)
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		$tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
+		if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$methodName,
+					$className,
+					$tagName
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
+	 * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed  $meta_value
+	 * @param mixed  $previous_value
+	 * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
+	 *                  NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function update_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			),
+		);
+		if ($previous_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		$existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+		if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
+			return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
+		}
+		foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
+			$existing_row->save(array('EXM_value' => $meta_value));
+		}
+		return count($existing_rows_like_that);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
+	 * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
+	 * extra meta row was entered, false if not
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed   $meta_value
+	 * @param boolean $unique
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false)
+	{
+		if ($unique) {
+			$existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
+				array(
+					array(
+						'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+						'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+						'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					),
+				)
+			);
+			if ($existing_extra_meta) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		$new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
+				'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
+				'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			)
+		);
+		$new_extra_meta->save();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
+	 * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed  $meta_value
+	 * @return int number of extra meta rows deleted
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function delete_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			),
+		);
+		if ($meta_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
+	 * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
+	 * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $meta_key
+	 * @param boolean $single
+	 * @param mixed   $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
+	 * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_extra_meta($meta_key, $single = false, $default = null)
+	{
+		if ($single) {
+			$result = $this->get_first_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
+			);
+			if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+				return $result->value();
+			}
+		} else {
+			$results = $this->get_many_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
+			);
+			if ($results) {
+				$values = array();
+				foreach ($results as $result) {
+					if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+						$values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
+					}
+				}
+				return $values;
+			}
+		}
+		// if nothing discovered yet return default.
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
+			$default,
+			$meta_key,
+			$single,
+			$this
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
+	 * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
+	 * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
+	 * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
+	 * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
+	 * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $one_of_each_key
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function all_extra_meta_array($one_of_each_key = true)
+	{
+		$return_array = array();
+		if ($one_of_each_key) {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array('group_by' => 'EXM_key')
+			);
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
+						$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = array();
+					}
+					$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $return_array;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		// find a field that's not a text field
+		$field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
+		if ($field_we_can_use) {
+			return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
+		}
+		$first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
+		$first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
+		$name_parts = array();
+		foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
+			$name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
+		}
+		return implode(',', $name_parts);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * in_entity_map
+	 * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function in_entity_map()
+	{
+		// well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
+		return $this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * refresh_from_db
+	 * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
+	 *
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
+	 * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
+	 */
+	public function refresh_from_db()
+	{
+		if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
+			$this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
+		} else {
+			// if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
+			// if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
+			// that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
+			// absolutely nothing in it for this ID
+			if (WP_DEBUG) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$this->ID(),
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
+	 * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function __toString()
+	{
+		try {
+			return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
+	 * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
+	 * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
+	 * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
+	 * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
+	 * Eg, the following won't work:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $reg->attendee()->save();
+	 * And would need to be replace with:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $att->save();
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __sleep()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
+				if ($this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
+					&& $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
+				) {
+					$this->clear_cache(
+						$relation_name,
+						$this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = array();
+		$properties_to_serialize = get_object_vars($this);
+		// don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
+		unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
+		return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+	 * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
+	 * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
+	 * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
+	 */
+	public function __wakeup()
+	{
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Usage of this magic method is to ensure any internally cached references to object instances that must remain
+	 * distinct with the clone host instance are also cloned.
+	 */
+	public function __clone()
+	{
+		// handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
+		foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
+			if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
+				$this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }

core/libraries/rest_api/controllers/model/Read.php

Indentation +1319 added lines, -1319 removed lines

@@ -40,1323 +40,1323 @@
 {
 
 
-    /**
-     * @var CalculatedModelFields
-     */
-    protected $fields_calculator;
-
-
-    /**
-     * Read constructor.
-     * @param CalculatedModelFields $fields_calculator
-     */
-    public function __construct(CalculatedModelFields $fields_calculator)
-    {
-        parent::__construct();
-        $this->fields_calculator = $fields_calculator;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Handles requests to get all (or a filtered subset) of entities for a particular model
-     *
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @param string $version
-     * @param string $model_name
-     * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public static function handleRequestGetAll(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name)
-    {
-        $controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
-        try {
-            $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            if (! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
-                return $controller->sendResponse(
-                    new WP_Error(
-                        'endpoint_parsing_error',
-                        sprintf(
-                            __(
-                                'There is no model for endpoint %s. Please contact event espresso support',
-                                'event_espresso'
-                            ),
-                            $model_name
-                        )
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            return $controller->sendResponse(
-                $controller->getEntitiesFromModel(
-                    $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
-                    $request
-                )
-            );
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            return $controller->sendResponse($e);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Prepares and returns schema for any OPTIONS request.
-     *
-     * @param string $version The API endpoint version being used.
-     * @param string $model_name Something like `Event` or `Registration`
-     * @return array
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public static function handleSchemaRequest($version, $model_name)
-    {
-        $controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
-        try {
-            $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            if (! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
-                return array();
-            }
-            // get the model for this version
-            $model = $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name);
-            $model_schema = new JsonModelSchema($model, LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\CalculatedModelFields'));
-            return $model_schema->getModelSchemaForRelations(
-                $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->relationSettings($model),
-                $controller->customizeSchemaForRestResponse(
-                    $model,
-                    $model_schema->getModelSchemaForFields(
-                        $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsOnModelInThisVersion($model),
-                        $model_schema->getInitialSchemaStructure()
-                    )
-                )
-            );
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            return array();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This loops through each field in the given schema for the model and does the following:
-     * - add any extra fields that are REST API specific and related to existing fields.
-     * - transform default values into the correct format for a REST API response.
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param array    $schema
-     * @return array  The final schema.
-     */
-    protected function customizeSchemaForRestResponse(EEM_Base $model, array $schema)
-    {
-        foreach ($this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsOnModelInThisVersion($model) as $field_name => $field) {
-            $schema = $this->translateDefaultsForRestResponse(
-                $field_name,
-                $field,
-                $this->maybeAddExtraFieldsToSchema($field_name, $field, $schema)
-            );
-        }
-        return $schema;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is used to ensure that the 'default' value set in the schema response is formatted correctly for the REST
-     * response.
-     *
-     * @param                      $field_name
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base  $field
-     * @param array                $schema
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ObjectDetectedException if a default value has a PHP object, which should never do (and if we
-     * did, let's know about it ASAP, so let the exception bubble up)
-     */
-    protected function translateDefaultsForRestResponse($field_name, EE_Model_Field_Base $field, array $schema)
-    {
-        if (isset($schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'])) {
-            if (is_array($schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'])) {
-                foreach ($schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'] as $default_key => $default_value) {
-                    if ($default_key === 'raw') {
-                        $schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'][ $default_key ] =
-                            ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson(
-                                $field,
-                                $default_value,
-                                $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
-                            );
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                $schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'] = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson(
-                    $field,
-                    $schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'],
-                    $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $schema;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds additional fields to the schema
-     * The REST API returns a GMT value field for each datetime field in the resource.  Thus the description about this
-     * needs to be added to the schema.
-     *
-     * @param                      $field_name
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base  $field
-     * @param array                $schema
-     * @return array
-     */
-    protected function maybeAddExtraFieldsToSchema($field_name, EE_Model_Field_Base $field, array $schema)
-    {
-        if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            $schema['properties'][ $field_name . '_gmt' ] = $field->getSchema();
-            // modify the description
-            $schema['properties'][ $field_name . '_gmt' ]['description'] = sprintf(
-                esc_html__('%s - the value for this field is in GMT.', 'event_espresso'),
-                wp_specialchars_decode($field->get_nicename(), ENT_QUOTES)
-            );
-        }
-        return $schema;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used to figure out the route from the request when a `WP_REST_Request` object is not available
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected function getRouteFromRequest()
-    {
-        if (isset($GLOBALS['wp'])
-            && $GLOBALS['wp'] instanceof \WP
-            && isset($GLOBALS['wp']->query_vars['rest_route'])
-        ) {
-            return $GLOBALS['wp']->query_vars['rest_route'];
-        } else {
-            return isset($_SERVER['PATH_INFO']) ? $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] : '/';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a single entity related to the model indicated in the path and its id
-     *
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @param string $version
-     * @param string $model_name
-     * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     */
-    public static function handleRequestGetOne(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name)
-    {
-        $controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
-        try {
-            $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            if (! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
-                return $controller->sendResponse(
-                    new WP_Error(
-                        'endpoint_parsing_error',
-                        sprintf(
-                            __(
-                                'There is no model for endpoint %s. Please contact event espresso support',
-                                'event_espresso'
-                            ),
-                            $model_name
-                        )
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            return $controller->sendResponse(
-                $controller->getEntityFromModel(
-                    $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
-                    $request
-                )
-            );
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            return $controller->sendResponse($e);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the related entities (or if its a belongs-to relation just the one)
-     * to the item with the given id
-     *
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @param string $version
-     * @param string $model_name
-     * @param string $related_model_name
-     * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     */
-    public static function handleRequestGetRelated(
-        WP_REST_Request $request,
-        $version,
-        $model_name,
-        $related_model_name
-    ) {
-        $controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
-        try {
-            $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            $main_model = $controller->validateModel($model_name);
-            $controller->validateModel($related_model_name);
-            return $controller->sendResponse(
-                $controller->getEntitiesFromRelation(
-                    $request->get_param('id'),
-                    $main_model->related_settings_for($related_model_name),
-                    $request
-                )
-            );
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            return $controller->sendResponse($e);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a collection for the given model and filters
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base        $model
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return array|WP_Error
-     */
-    public function getEntitiesFromModel($model, $request)
-    {
-        $query_params = $this->createModelQueryParams($model, $request->get_params());
-        if (! Capabilities::currentUserHasPartialAccessTo($model, $query_params['caps'])) {
-            $model_name_plural = EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name());
-            return new WP_Error(
-                sprintf('rest_%s_cannot_list', $model_name_plural),
-                sprintf(
-                    __('Sorry, you are not allowed to list %1$s. Missing permissions: %2$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $model_name_plural,
-                    Capabilities::getMissingPermissionsString($model, $query_params['caps'])
-                ),
-                array('status' => 403)
-            );
-        }
-        if (! $request->get_header('no_rest_headers')) {
-            $this->setHeadersFromQueryParams($model, $query_params);
-        }
-        /** @type array $results */
-        $results = $model->get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
-        $nice_results = array();
-        foreach ($results as $result) {
-            $nice_results[] = $this->createEntityFromWpdbResult(
-                $model,
-                $result,
-                $request
-            );
-        }
-        return $nice_results;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the collection for given relation object
-     * The same as Read::get_entities_from_model(), except if the relation
-     * is a HABTM relation, in which case it merges any non-foreign-key fields from
-     * the join-model-object into the results
-     *
-     * @param array                   $primary_model_query_params query params for finding the item from which
-     *                                                            relations will be based
-     * @param \EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation
-     * @param WP_REST_Request         $request
-     * @return WP_Error|array
-     * @throws RestException
-     */
-    protected function getEntitiesFromRelationUsingModelQueryParams($primary_model_query_params, $relation, $request)
-    {
-        $context = $this->validateContext($request->get_param('caps'));
-        $model = $relation->get_this_model();
-        $related_model = $relation->get_other_model();
-        if (! isset($primary_model_query_params[0])) {
-            $primary_model_query_params[0] = array();
-        }
-        // check if they can access the 1st model object
-        $primary_model_query_params = array(
-            0       => $primary_model_query_params[0],
-            'limit' => 1,
-        );
-        if ($model instanceof \EEM_Soft_Delete_Base) {
-            $primary_model_query_params = $model->alter_query_params_so_deleted_and_undeleted_items_included(
-                $primary_model_query_params
-            );
-        }
-        $restricted_query_params = $primary_model_query_params;
-        $restricted_query_params['caps'] = $context;
-        $this->setDebugInfo('main model query params', $restricted_query_params);
-        $this->setDebugInfo('missing caps', Capabilities::getMissingPermissionsString($related_model, $context));
-        if (! (
-            Capabilities::currentUserHasPartialAccessTo($related_model, $context)
-            && $model->exists($restricted_query_params)
-        )
-        ) {
-            if ($relation instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $related_model_name_maybe_plural = strtolower($related_model->get_this_model_name());
-            } else {
-                $related_model_name_maybe_plural = EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(
-                    $related_model->get_this_model_name()
-                );
-            }
-            return new WP_Error(
-                sprintf('rest_%s_cannot_list', $related_model_name_maybe_plural),
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        'Sorry, you are not allowed to list %1$s related to %2$s. Missing permissions: %3$s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $related_model_name_maybe_plural,
-                    $relation->get_this_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    implode(
-                        ',',
-                        array_keys(
-                            Capabilities::getMissingPermissions($related_model, $context)
-                        )
-                    )
-                ),
-                array('status' => 403)
-            );
-        }
-        $query_params = $this->createModelQueryParams($relation->get_other_model(), $request->get_params());
-        foreach ($primary_model_query_params[0] as $where_condition_key => $where_condition_value) {
-            $query_params[0][ $relation->get_this_model()->get_this_model_name()
-                              . '.'
-                              . $where_condition_key ] = $where_condition_value;
-        }
-        $query_params['default_where_conditions'] = 'none';
-        $query_params['caps'] = $context;
-        if (! $request->get_header('no_rest_headers')) {
-            $this->setHeadersFromQueryParams($relation->get_other_model(), $query_params);
-        }
-        /** @type array $results */
-        $results = $relation->get_other_model()->get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
-        $nice_results = array();
-        foreach ($results as $result) {
-            $nice_result = $this->createEntityFromWpdbResult(
-                $relation->get_other_model(),
-                $result,
-                $request
-            );
-            if ($relation instanceof \EE_HABTM_Relation) {
-                // put the unusual stuff (properties from the HABTM relation) first, and make sure
-                // if there are conflicts we prefer the properties from the main model
-                $join_model_result = $this->createEntityFromWpdbResult(
-                    $relation->get_join_model(),
-                    $result,
-                    $request
-                );
-                $joined_result = array_merge($nice_result, $join_model_result);
-                // but keep the meta stuff from the main model
-                if (isset($nice_result['meta'])) {
-                    $joined_result['meta'] = $nice_result['meta'];
-                }
-                $nice_result = $joined_result;
-            }
-            $nice_results[] = $nice_result;
-        }
-        if ($relation instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            return array_shift($nice_results);
-        } else {
-            return $nice_results;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the collection for given relation object
-     * The same as Read::get_entities_from_model(), except if the relation
-     * is a HABTM relation, in which case it merges any non-foreign-key fields from
-     * the join-model-object into the results
-     *
-     * @param string                  $id the ID of the thing we are fetching related stuff from
-     * @param \EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation
-     * @param WP_REST_Request         $request
-     * @return array|WP_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function getEntitiesFromRelation($id, $relation, $request)
-    {
-        if (! $relation->get_this_model()->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                    // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                        'Read::get_entities_from_relation should only be called from a model with a primary key, it was called from %1$s',
-                        // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $relation->get_this_model()->get_this_model_name()
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $this->getEntitiesFromRelationUsingModelQueryParams(
-            array(
-                array(
-                    $relation->get_this_model()->primary_key_name() => $id,
-                ),
-            ),
-            $relation,
-            $request
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the headers that are based on the model and query params,
-     * like the total records. This should only be called on the original request
-     * from the client, not on subsequent internal
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param array    $query_params
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function setHeadersFromQueryParams($model, $query_params)
-    {
-        $this->setDebugInfo('model query params', $query_params);
-        $this->setDebugInfo(
-            'missing caps',
-            Capabilities::getMissingPermissionsString($model, $query_params['caps'])
-        );
-        // normally the limit to a 2-part array, where the 2nd item is the limit
-        if (! isset($query_params['limit'])) {
-            $query_params['limit'] = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_default_query_limit();
-        }
-        if (is_array($query_params['limit'])) {
-            $limit_parts = $query_params['limit'];
-        } else {
-            $limit_parts = explode(',', $query_params['limit']);
-            if (count($limit_parts) == 1) {
-                $limit_parts = array(0, $limit_parts[0]);
-            }
-        }
-        // remove the group by and having parts of the query, as those will
-        // make the sql query return an array of values, instead of just a single value
-        unset($query_params['group_by'], $query_params['having'], $query_params['limit']);
-        $count = $model->count($query_params, null, true);
-        $pages = $count / $limit_parts[1];
-        $this->setResponseHeader('Total', $count, false);
-        $this->setResponseHeader('PageSize', $limit_parts[1], false);
-        $this->setResponseHeader('TotalPages', ceil($pages), false);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Changes database results into REST API entities
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base        $model
-     * @param array           $db_row     like results from $wpdb->get_results()
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $rest_request
-     * @param string          $deprecated no longer used
-     * @return array ready for being converted into json for sending to client
-     */
-    public function createEntityFromWpdbResult($model, $db_row, $rest_request, $deprecated = null)
-    {
-        if (! $rest_request instanceof WP_REST_Request) {
-            // ok so this was called in the old style, where the 3rd arg was
-            // $include, and the 4th arg was $context
-            // now setup the request just to avoid fatal errors, although we won't be able
-            // to truly make use of it because it's kinda devoid of info
-            $rest_request = new WP_REST_Request();
-            $rest_request->set_param('include', $rest_request);
-            $rest_request->set_param('caps', $deprecated);
-        }
-        if ($rest_request->get_param('caps') == null) {
-            $rest_request->set_param('caps', EEM_Base::caps_read);
-        }
-        $entity_array = $this->createBareEntityFromWpdbResults($model, $db_row);
-        $entity_array = $this->addExtraFields($model, $db_row, $entity_array);
-        $entity_array['_links'] = $this->getEntityLinks($model, $db_row, $entity_array);
-        $entity_array['_calculated_fields'] = $this->getEntityCalculations($model, $db_row, $rest_request);
-        $entity_array = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Read__create_entity_from_wpdb_results__entity_before_including_requested_models',
-            $entity_array,
-            $model,
-            $rest_request->get_param('caps'),
-            $rest_request,
-            $this
-        );
-        $entity_array = $this->includeRequestedModels($model, $rest_request, $entity_array, $db_row);
-        $entity_array = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Read__create_entity_from_wpdb_results__entity_before_inaccessible_field_removal',
-            $entity_array,
-            $model,
-            $rest_request->get_param('caps'),
-            $rest_request,
-            $this
-        );
-        $result_without_inaccessible_fields = Capabilities::filterOutInaccessibleEntityFields(
-            $entity_array,
-            $model,
-            $rest_request->get_param('caps'),
-            $this->getModelVersionInfo(),
-            $model->get_index_primary_key_string(
-                $model->deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($db_row)
-            )
-        );
-        $this->setDebugInfo(
-            'inaccessible fields',
-            array_keys(array_diff_key($entity_array, $result_without_inaccessible_fields))
-        );
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Read__create_entity_from_wpdb_results__entity_return',
-            $result_without_inaccessible_fields,
-            $model,
-            $rest_request->get_param('caps')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a REST entity array (JSON object we're going to return in the response, but
-     * for now still a PHP array, but soon enough we'll call json_encode on it, don't worry),
-     * from $wpdb->get_row( $sql, ARRAY_A)
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param array    $db_row
-     * @return array entity mostly ready for converting to JSON and sending in the response
-     */
-    protected function createBareEntityFromWpdbResults(EEM_Base $model, $db_row)
-    {
-        $result = $model->deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($db_row);
-        $result = array_intersect_key(
-            $result,
-            $this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsOnModelInThisVersion($model)
-        );
-        // if this is a CPT, we need to set the global $post to it,
-        // otherwise shortcodes etc won't work properly while rendering it
-        if ($model instanceof \EEM_CPT_Base) {
-            $do_chevy_shuffle = true;
-        } else {
-            $do_chevy_shuffle = false;
-        }
-        if ($do_chevy_shuffle) {
-            global $post;
-            $old_post = $post;
-            $post = get_post($result[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
-            if (! $post instanceof \WP_Post) {
-                // well that's weird, because $result is what we JUST fetched from the database
-                throw new RestException(
-                    'error_fetching_post_from_database_results',
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'An item was retrieved from the database but it\'s not a WP_Post like it should be.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $model_object_classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
-            $post->{$model_object_classname} = \EE_Registry::instance()->load_class(
-                $model_object_classname,
-                $result,
-                false,
-                false
-            );
-        }
-        foreach ($result as $field_name => $field_value) {
-            $field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
-            if ($this->isSubclassOfOne($field_obj, $this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsIgnored())) {
-                unset($result[ $field_name ]);
-            } elseif ($this->isSubclassOfOne(
-                $field_obj,
-                $this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsThatHaveRenderedFormat()
-            )
-            ) {
-                $result[ $field_name ] = array(
-                    'raw'      => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value),
-                    'rendered' => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value, 'pretty'),
-                );
-            } elseif ($this->isSubclassOfOne(
-                $field_obj,
-                $this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsThatHavePrettyFormat()
-            )
-            ) {
-                $result[ $field_name ] = array(
-                    'raw'    => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value),
-                    'pretty' => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value, 'pretty'),
-                );
-            } elseif ($field_obj instanceof \EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value);
-                // if the value is null, but we're not supposed to permit null, then set to the field's default
-                if (is_null($field_value)) {
-                    $field_value = $field_obj->getDefaultDateTimeObj();
-                }
-                if (is_null($field_value)) {
-                    $gmt_date = $local_date = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValuesForJson(
-                        $field_obj,
-                        $field_value,
-                        $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
-                    );
-                } else {
-                    $timezone = $field_value->getTimezone();
-                    EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($field_value, new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
-                    $gmt_date = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValuesForJson(
-                        $field_obj,
-                        $field_value,
-                        $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
-                    );
-                    EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($field_value, $timezone);
-                    $local_date = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValuesForJson(
-                        $field_obj,
-                        $field_value,
-                        $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
-                    );
-                }
-                $result[ $field_name . '_gmt' ] = $gmt_date;
-                $result[ $field_name ] = $local_date;
-            } else {
-                $result[ $field_name ] = $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value);
-            }
-        }
-        if ($do_chevy_shuffle) {
-            $post = $old_post;
-        }
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Takes a value all the way from the DB representation, to the model object's representation, to the
-     * user-facing PHP representation, to the REST API representation. (Assumes you've already taken from the DB
-     * representation using $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db())
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
-     * @param mixed               $value  as it's stored on a model object
-     * @param string              $format valid values are 'normal' (default), 'pretty', 'datetime_obj'
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws ObjectDetectedException if $value contains a PHP object
-     */
-    protected function prepareFieldObjValueForJson(EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj, $value, $format = 'normal')
-    {
-        $value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($value);
-        switch ($format) {
-            case 'pretty':
-                $value = $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($value);
-                break;
-            case 'normal':
-            default:
-                $value = $field_obj->prepare_for_get($value);
-                break;
-        }
-        return ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValuesForJson(
-            $field_obj,
-            $value,
-            $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a few extra fields to the entity response
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param array    $db_row
-     * @param array    $entity_array
-     * @return array modified entity
-     */
-    protected function addExtraFields(EEM_Base $model, $db_row, $entity_array)
-    {
-        if ($model instanceof EEM_CPT_Base) {
-            $entity_array['link'] = get_permalink($db_row[ $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ]);
-        }
-        return $entity_array;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets links we want to add to the response
-     *
-     * @global \WP_REST_Server $wp_rest_server
-     * @param EEM_Base         $model
-     * @param array            $db_row
-     * @param array            $entity_array
-     * @return array the _links item in the entity
-     */
-    protected function getEntityLinks($model, $db_row, $entity_array)
-    {
-        // add basic links
-        $links = array();
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $links['self'] = array(
-                array(
-                    'href' => $this->getVersionedLinkTo(
-                        EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name())
-                        . '/'
-                        . $entity_array[ $model->primary_key_name() ]
-                    ),
-                ),
-            );
-        }
-        $links['collection'] = array(
-            array(
-                'href' => $this->getVersionedLinkTo(
-                    EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name())
-                ),
-            ),
-        );
-        // add links to related models
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            foreach ($this->getModelVersionInfo()->relationSettings($model) as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-                $related_model_part = Read::getRelatedEntityName($relation_name, $relation_obj);
-                $links[ EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_link_namespace . $related_model_part ] = array(
-                    array(
-                        'href'   => $this->getVersionedLinkTo(
-                            EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name())
-                            . '/'
-                            . $entity_array[ $model->primary_key_name() ]
-                            . '/'
-                            . $related_model_part
-                        ),
-                        'single' => $relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation ? true : false,
-                    ),
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $links;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds the included models indicated in the request to the entity provided
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base        $model
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $rest_request
-     * @param array           $entity_array
-     * @param array           $db_row
-     * @return array the modified entity
-     */
-    protected function includeRequestedModels(
-        EEM_Base $model,
-        WP_REST_Request $rest_request,
-        $entity_array,
-        $db_row = array()
-    ) {
-        // if $db_row not included, hope the entity array has what we need
-        if (! $db_row) {
-            $db_row = $entity_array;
-        }
-        $includes_for_this_model = $this->explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith($rest_request->get_param('include'), '');
-        $includes_for_this_model = $this->removeModelNamesFromArray($includes_for_this_model);
-        // if they passed in * or didn't specify any includes, return everything
-        if (! in_array('*', $includes_for_this_model)
-            && ! empty($includes_for_this_model)
-        ) {
-            if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                // always include the primary key. ya just gotta know that at least
-                $includes_for_this_model[] = $model->primary_key_name();
-            }
-            if ($this->explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith($rest_request->get_param('calculate'), '')) {
-                $includes_for_this_model[] = '_calculated_fields';
-            }
-            $entity_array = array_intersect_key($entity_array, array_flip($includes_for_this_model));
-        }
-        $relation_settings = $this->getModelVersionInfo()->relationSettings($model);
-        foreach ($relation_settings as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            $related_fields_to_include = $this->explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith(
-                $rest_request->get_param('include'),
-                $relation_name
-            );
-            $related_fields_to_calculate = $this->explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith(
-                $rest_request->get_param('calculate'),
-                $relation_name
-            );
-            // did they specify they wanted to include a related model, or
-            // specific fields from a related model?
-            // or did they specify to calculate a field from a related model?
-            if ($related_fields_to_include || $related_fields_to_calculate) {
-                // if so, we should include at least some part of the related model
-                $pretend_related_request = new WP_REST_Request();
-                $pretend_related_request->set_query_params(
-                    array(
-                        'caps'      => $rest_request->get_param('caps'),
-                        'include'   => $related_fields_to_include,
-                        'calculate' => $related_fields_to_calculate,
-                    )
-                );
-                $pretend_related_request->add_header('no_rest_headers', true);
-                $primary_model_query_params = $model->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
-                    $model->get_index_primary_key_string(
-                        $model->deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($db_row)
-                    )
-                );
-                $related_results = $this->getEntitiesFromRelationUsingModelQueryParams(
-                    $primary_model_query_params,
-                    $relation_obj,
-                    $pretend_related_request
-                );
-                $entity_array[ Read::getRelatedEntityName($relation_name, $relation_obj) ] = $related_results
-                                                                                             instanceof
-                                                                                             WP_Error
-                    ? null
-                    : $related_results;
-            }
-        }
-        return $entity_array;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a new array with all the names of models removed. Eg
-     * array( 'Event', 'Datetime.*', 'foobar' ) would become array( 'Datetime.*', 'foobar' )
-     *
-     * @param array $arr
-     * @return array
-     */
-    private function removeModelNamesFromArray($arr)
-    {
-        return array_diff($arr, array_keys(EE_Registry::instance()->non_abstract_db_models));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the calculated fields for the response
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base        $model
-     * @param array           $wpdb_row
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $rest_request
-     * @return \stdClass the _calculations item in the entity
-     * @throws ObjectDetectedException if a default value has a PHP object, which should never do (and if we
-     * did, let's know about it ASAP, so let the exception bubble up)
-     */
-    protected function getEntityCalculations($model, $wpdb_row, $rest_request)
-    {
-        $calculated_fields = $this->explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith(
-            $rest_request->get_param('calculate'),
-            ''
-        );
-        // note: setting calculate=* doesn't do anything
-        $calculated_fields_to_return = new \stdClass();
-        foreach ($calculated_fields as $field_to_calculate) {
-            try {
-                $calculated_fields_to_return->$field_to_calculate = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson(
-                    null,
-                    $this->fields_calculator->retrieveCalculatedFieldValue(
-                        $model,
-                        $field_to_calculate,
-                        $wpdb_row,
-                        $rest_request,
-                        $this
-                    ),
-                    $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
-                );
-            } catch (RestException $e) {
-                // if we don't have permission to read it, just leave it out. but let devs know about the problem
-                $this->setResponseHeader(
-                    'Notices-Field-Calculation-Errors['
-                    . $e->getStringCode()
-                    . ']['
-                    . $model->get_this_model_name()
-                    . ']['
-                    . $field_to_calculate
-                    . ']',
-                    $e->getMessage(),
-                    true
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $calculated_fields_to_return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the full URL to the resource, taking the requested version into account
-     *
-     * @param string $link_part_after_version_and_slash eg "events/10/datetimes"
-     * @return string url eg "http://mysite.com/wp-json/ee/v4.6/events/10/datetimes"
-     */
-    public function getVersionedLinkTo($link_part_after_version_and_slash)
-    {
-        return rest_url(
-            EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_versioned_route_to(
-                $link_part_after_version_and_slash,
-                $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the correct lowercase name for the relation in the API according
-     * to the relation's type
-     *
-     * @param string                  $relation_name
-     * @param \EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation_obj
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function getRelatedEntityName($relation_name, $relation_obj)
-    {
-        if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            return strtolower($relation_name);
-        } else {
-            return EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($relation_name);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the one model object with the specified id for the specified model
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base        $model
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @return array|WP_Error
-     */
-    public function getEntityFromModel($model, $request)
-    {
-        $context = $this->validateContext($request->get_param('caps'));
-        return $this->getOneOrReportPermissionError($model, $request, $context);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If a context is provided which isn't valid, maybe it was added in a future
-     * version so just treat it as a default read
-     *
-     * @param string $context
-     * @return string array key of EEM_Base::cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map()
-     */
-    public function validateContext($context)
-    {
-        if (! $context) {
-            $context = EEM_Base::caps_read;
-        }
-        $valid_contexts = EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts();
-        if (in_array($context, $valid_contexts)) {
-            return $context;
-        } else {
-            return EEM_Base::caps_read;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies the passed in value is an allowable default where conditions value.
-     *
-     * @param $default_query_params
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function validateDefaultQueryParams($default_query_params)
-    {
-        $valid_default_where_conditions_for_api_calls = array(
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
-        );
-        if (! $default_query_params) {
-            $default_query_params = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all;
-        }
-        if (in_array(
-            $default_query_params,
-            $valid_default_where_conditions_for_api_calls,
-            true
-        )) {
-            return $default_query_params;
-        } else {
-            return EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Translates API filter get parameter into $query_params array used by EEM_Base::get_all().
-     * Note: right now the query parameter keys for fields (and related fields)
-     * can be left as-is, but it's quite possible this will change someday.
-     * Also, this method's contents might be candidate for moving to Model_Data_Translator
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param array    $query_parameters  from $_GET parameter @see Read:handle_request_get_all
-     * @return array like what EEM_Base::get_all() expects or FALSE to indicate
-     *                                    that absolutely no results should be returned
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws RestException
-     */
-    public function createModelQueryParams($model, $query_parameters)
-    {
-        $model_query_params = array();
-        if (isset($query_parameters['where'])) {
-            $model_query_params[0] = ModelDataTranslator::prepareConditionsQueryParamsForModels(
-                $query_parameters['where'],
-                $model,
-                $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
-            );
-        }
-        if (isset($query_parameters['order_by'])) {
-            $order_by = $query_parameters['order_by'];
-        } elseif (isset($query_parameters['orderby'])) {
-            $order_by = $query_parameters['orderby'];
-        } else {
-            $order_by = null;
-        }
-        if ($order_by !== null) {
-            if (is_array($order_by)) {
-                $order_by = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldNamesInArrayKeysFromJson($order_by);
-            } else {
-                // it's a single item
-                $order_by = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldNameFromJson($order_by);
-            }
-            $model_query_params['order_by'] = $order_by;
-        }
-        if (isset($query_parameters['group_by'])) {
-            $group_by = $query_parameters['group_by'];
-        } elseif (isset($query_parameters['groupby'])) {
-            $group_by = $query_parameters['groupby'];
-        } else {
-            $group_by = array_keys($model->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
-        }
-        // make sure they're all real names
-        if (is_array($group_by)) {
-            $group_by = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldNamesFromJson($group_by);
-        }
-        if ($group_by !== null) {
-            $model_query_params['group_by'] = $group_by;
-        }
-        if (isset($query_parameters['having'])) {
-            $model_query_params['having'] = ModelDataTranslator::prepareConditionsQueryParamsForModels(
-                $query_parameters['having'],
-                $model,
-                $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
-            );
-        }
-        if (isset($query_parameters['order'])) {
-            $model_query_params['order'] = $query_parameters['order'];
-        }
-        if (isset($query_parameters['mine'])) {
-            $model_query_params = $model->alter_query_params_to_only_include_mine($model_query_params);
-        }
-        if (isset($query_parameters['limit'])) {
-            // limit should be either a string like '23' or '23,43', or an array with two items in it
-            if (! is_array($query_parameters['limit'])) {
-                $limit_array = explode(',', (string) $query_parameters['limit']);
-            } else {
-                $limit_array = $query_parameters['limit'];
-            }
-            $sanitized_limit = array();
-            foreach ($limit_array as $key => $limit_part) {
-                if ($this->debug_mode && (! is_numeric($limit_part) || count($sanitized_limit) > 2)) {
-                    throw new EE_Error(
-                        sprintf(
-                            __(
-                            // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                                'An invalid limit filter was provided. It was: %s. If the EE4 JSON REST API weren\'t in debug mode, this message would not appear.',
-                                // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                                'event_espresso'
-                            ),
-                            wp_json_encode($query_parameters['limit'])
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                $sanitized_limit[] = (int) $limit_part;
-            }
-            $model_query_params['limit'] = implode(',', $sanitized_limit);
-        } else {
-            $model_query_params['limit'] = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_default_query_limit();
-        }
-        if (isset($query_parameters['caps'])) {
-            $model_query_params['caps'] = $this->validateContext($query_parameters['caps']);
-        } else {
-            $model_query_params['caps'] = EEM_Base::caps_read;
-        }
-        if (isset($query_parameters['default_where_conditions'])) {
-            $model_query_params['default_where_conditions'] = $this->validateDefaultQueryParams(
-                $query_parameters['default_where_conditions']
-            );
-        }
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__Read__create_model_query_params', $model_query_params, $query_parameters, $model);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Changes the REST-style query params for use in the models
-     *
-     * @deprecated
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param array    $query_params sub-array from @see EEM_Base::get_all()
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function prepareRestQueryParamsKeyForModels($model, $query_params)
-    {
-        $model_ready_query_params = array();
-        foreach ($query_params as $key => $value) {
-            if (is_array($value)) {
-                $model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $this->prepareRestQueryParamsKeyForModels($model, $value);
-            } else {
-                $model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $value;
-            }
-        }
-        return $model_ready_query_params;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @deprecated instead use ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValuesFromJson()
-     * @param $model
-     * @param $query_params
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function prepareRestQueryParamsValuesForModels($model, $query_params)
-    {
-        $model_ready_query_params = array();
-        foreach ($query_params as $key => $value) {
-            if (is_array($value)) {
-                $model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $this->prepareRestQueryParamsValuesForModels($model, $value);
-            } else {
-                $model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $value;
-            }
-        }
-        return $model_ready_query_params;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Explodes the string on commas, and only returns items with $prefix followed by a period.
-     * If no prefix is specified, returns items with no period.
-     *
-     * @param string|array $string_to_explode eg "jibba,jabba, blah, blah, blah" or array('jibba', 'jabba' )
-     * @param string       $prefix            "Event" or "foobar"
-     * @return array $string_to_exploded exploded on COMMAS, and if a prefix was specified
-     *                                        we only return strings starting with that and a period; if no prefix was
-     *                                        specified we return all items containing NO periods
-     */
-    public function explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith($string_to_explode, $prefix)
-    {
-        if (is_string($string_to_explode)) {
-            $exploded_contents = explode(',', $string_to_explode);
-        } elseif (is_array($string_to_explode)) {
-            $exploded_contents = $string_to_explode;
-        } else {
-            $exploded_contents = array();
-        }
-        // if the string was empty, we want an empty array
-        $exploded_contents = array_filter($exploded_contents);
-        $contents_with_prefix = array();
-        foreach ($exploded_contents as $item) {
-            $item = trim($item);
-            // if no prefix was provided, so we look for items with no "." in them
-            if (! $prefix) {
-                // does this item have a period?
-                if (strpos($item, '.') === false) {
-                    // if not, then its what we're looking for
-                    $contents_with_prefix[] = $item;
-                }
-            } elseif (strpos($item, $prefix . '.') === 0) {
-                // this item has the prefix and a period, grab it
-                $contents_with_prefix[] = substr(
-                    $item,
-                    strpos($item, $prefix . '.') + strlen($prefix . '.')
-                );
-            } elseif ($item === $prefix) {
-                // this item is JUST the prefix
-                // so let's grab everything after, which is a blank string
-                $contents_with_prefix[] = '';
-            }
-        }
-        return $contents_with_prefix;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @deprecated since 4.8.36.rc.001 You should instead use Read::explode_and_get_items_prefixed_with.
-     * Deprecated because its return values were really quite confusing- sometimes it returned
-     * an empty array (when the include string was blank or '*') or sometimes it returned
-     * array('*') (when you provided a model and a model of that kind was found).
-     * Parses the $include_string so we fetch all the field names relating to THIS model
-     * (ie have NO period in them), or for the provided model (ie start with the model
-     * name and then a period).
-     * @param string $include_string @see Read:handle_request_get_all
-     * @param string $model_name
-     * @return array of fields for this model. If $model_name is provided, then
-     *                               the fields for that model, with the model's name removed from each.
-     *                               If $include_string was blank or '*' returns an empty array
-     */
-    public function extractIncludesForThisModel($include_string, $model_name = null)
-    {
-        if (is_array($include_string)) {
-            $include_string = implode(',', $include_string);
-        }
-        if ($include_string === '*' || $include_string === '') {
-            return array();
-        }
-        $includes = explode(',', $include_string);
-        $extracted_fields_to_include = array();
-        if ($model_name) {
-            foreach ($includes as $field_to_include) {
-                $field_to_include = trim($field_to_include);
-                if (strpos($field_to_include, $model_name . '.') === 0) {
-                    // found the model name at the exact start
-                    $field_sans_model_name = str_replace($model_name . '.', '', $field_to_include);
-                    $extracted_fields_to_include[] = $field_sans_model_name;
-                } elseif ($field_to_include == $model_name) {
-                    $extracted_fields_to_include[] = '*';
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // look for ones with no period
-            foreach ($includes as $field_to_include) {
-                $field_to_include = trim($field_to_include);
-                if (strpos($field_to_include, '.') === false
-                    && ! $this->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($field_to_include)
-                ) {
-                    $extracted_fields_to_include[] = $field_to_include;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $extracted_fields_to_include;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the single item using the model according to the request in the context given, otherwise
-     * returns that it's inaccessible to the current user
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Base        $model
-     * @param WP_REST_Request $request
-     * @param null            $context
-     * @return array|WP_Error
-     */
-    public function getOneOrReportPermissionError(EEM_Base $model, WP_REST_Request $request, $context = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(array($model->primary_key_name() => $request->get_param('id')), 'limit' => 1);
-        if ($model instanceof \EEM_Soft_Delete_Base) {
-            $query_params = $model->alter_query_params_so_deleted_and_undeleted_items_included($query_params);
-        }
-        $restricted_query_params = $query_params;
-        $restricted_query_params['caps'] = $context;
-        $this->setDebugInfo('model query params', $restricted_query_params);
-        $model_rows = $model->get_all_wpdb_results($restricted_query_params);
-        if (! empty($model_rows)) {
-            return $this->createEntityFromWpdbResult(
-                $model,
-                array_shift($model_rows),
-                $request
-            );
-        } else {
-            // ok let's test to see if we WOULD have found it, had we not had restrictions from missing capabilities
-            $lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());
-            $model_rows_found_sans_restrictions = $model->get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
-            if (! empty($model_rows_found_sans_restrictions)) {
-                // you got shafted- it existed but we didn't want to tell you!
-                return new WP_Error(
-                    'rest_user_cannot_' . $context,
-                    sprintf(
-                        __('Sorry, you cannot %1$s this %2$s. Missing permissions are: %3$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                        $context,
-                        strtolower($model->get_this_model_name()),
-                        Capabilities::getMissingPermissionsString(
-                            $model,
-                            $context
-                        )
-                    ),
-                    array('status' => 403)
-                );
-            } else {
-                // it's not you. It just doesn't exist
-                return new WP_Error(
-                    sprintf('rest_%s_invalid_id', $lowercase_model_name),
-                    sprintf(__('Invalid %s ID.', 'event_espresso'), $lowercase_model_name),
-                    array('status' => 404)
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @var CalculatedModelFields
+	 */
+	protected $fields_calculator;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Read constructor.
+	 * @param CalculatedModelFields $fields_calculator
+	 */
+	public function __construct(CalculatedModelFields $fields_calculator)
+	{
+		parent::__construct();
+		$this->fields_calculator = $fields_calculator;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Handles requests to get all (or a filtered subset) of entities for a particular model
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @param string $version
+	 * @param string $model_name
+	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public static function handleRequestGetAll(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name)
+	{
+		$controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
+		try {
+			$controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
+			if (! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
+				return $controller->sendResponse(
+					new WP_Error(
+						'endpoint_parsing_error',
+						sprintf(
+							__(
+								'There is no model for endpoint %s. Please contact event espresso support',
+								'event_espresso'
+							),
+							$model_name
+						)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			return $controller->sendResponse(
+				$controller->getEntitiesFromModel(
+					$controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
+					$request
+				)
+			);
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			return $controller->sendResponse($e);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Prepares and returns schema for any OPTIONS request.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $version The API endpoint version being used.
+	 * @param string $model_name Something like `Event` or `Registration`
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public static function handleSchemaRequest($version, $model_name)
+	{
+		$controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
+		try {
+			$controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
+			if (! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
+				return array();
+			}
+			// get the model for this version
+			$model = $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name);
+			$model_schema = new JsonModelSchema($model, LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\CalculatedModelFields'));
+			return $model_schema->getModelSchemaForRelations(
+				$controller->getModelVersionInfo()->relationSettings($model),
+				$controller->customizeSchemaForRestResponse(
+					$model,
+					$model_schema->getModelSchemaForFields(
+						$controller->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsOnModelInThisVersion($model),
+						$model_schema->getInitialSchemaStructure()
+					)
+				)
+			);
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			return array();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This loops through each field in the given schema for the model and does the following:
+	 * - add any extra fields that are REST API specific and related to existing fields.
+	 * - transform default values into the correct format for a REST API response.
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param array    $schema
+	 * @return array  The final schema.
+	 */
+	protected function customizeSchemaForRestResponse(EEM_Base $model, array $schema)
+	{
+		foreach ($this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsOnModelInThisVersion($model) as $field_name => $field) {
+			$schema = $this->translateDefaultsForRestResponse(
+				$field_name,
+				$field,
+				$this->maybeAddExtraFieldsToSchema($field_name, $field, $schema)
+			);
+		}
+		return $schema;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is used to ensure that the 'default' value set in the schema response is formatted correctly for the REST
+	 * response.
+	 *
+	 * @param                      $field_name
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base  $field
+	 * @param array                $schema
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ObjectDetectedException if a default value has a PHP object, which should never do (and if we
+	 * did, let's know about it ASAP, so let the exception bubble up)
+	 */
+	protected function translateDefaultsForRestResponse($field_name, EE_Model_Field_Base $field, array $schema)
+	{
+		if (isset($schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'])) {
+			if (is_array($schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'])) {
+				foreach ($schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'] as $default_key => $default_value) {
+					if ($default_key === 'raw') {
+						$schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'][ $default_key ] =
+							ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson(
+								$field,
+								$default_value,
+								$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
+							);
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				$schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'] = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson(
+					$field,
+					$schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'],
+					$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $schema;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds additional fields to the schema
+	 * The REST API returns a GMT value field for each datetime field in the resource.  Thus the description about this
+	 * needs to be added to the schema.
+	 *
+	 * @param                      $field_name
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base  $field
+	 * @param array                $schema
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	protected function maybeAddExtraFieldsToSchema($field_name, EE_Model_Field_Base $field, array $schema)
+	{
+		if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			$schema['properties'][ $field_name . '_gmt' ] = $field->getSchema();
+			// modify the description
+			$schema['properties'][ $field_name . '_gmt' ]['description'] = sprintf(
+				esc_html__('%s - the value for this field is in GMT.', 'event_espresso'),
+				wp_specialchars_decode($field->get_nicename(), ENT_QUOTES)
+			);
+		}
+		return $schema;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used to figure out the route from the request when a `WP_REST_Request` object is not available
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected function getRouteFromRequest()
+	{
+		if (isset($GLOBALS['wp'])
+			&& $GLOBALS['wp'] instanceof \WP
+			&& isset($GLOBALS['wp']->query_vars['rest_route'])
+		) {
+			return $GLOBALS['wp']->query_vars['rest_route'];
+		} else {
+			return isset($_SERVER['PATH_INFO']) ? $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] : '/';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a single entity related to the model indicated in the path and its id
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @param string $version
+	 * @param string $model_name
+	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 */
+	public static function handleRequestGetOne(WP_REST_Request $request, $version, $model_name)
+	{
+		$controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
+		try {
+			$controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
+			if (! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
+				return $controller->sendResponse(
+					new WP_Error(
+						'endpoint_parsing_error',
+						sprintf(
+							__(
+								'There is no model for endpoint %s. Please contact event espresso support',
+								'event_espresso'
+							),
+							$model_name
+						)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			return $controller->sendResponse(
+				$controller->getEntityFromModel(
+					$controller->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name),
+					$request
+				)
+			);
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			return $controller->sendResponse($e);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the related entities (or if its a belongs-to relation just the one)
+	 * to the item with the given id
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @param string $version
+	 * @param string $model_name
+	 * @param string $related_model_name
+	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 */
+	public static function handleRequestGetRelated(
+		WP_REST_Request $request,
+		$version,
+		$model_name,
+		$related_model_name
+	) {
+		$controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
+		try {
+			$controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
+			$main_model = $controller->validateModel($model_name);
+			$controller->validateModel($related_model_name);
+			return $controller->sendResponse(
+				$controller->getEntitiesFromRelation(
+					$request->get_param('id'),
+					$main_model->related_settings_for($related_model_name),
+					$request
+				)
+			);
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			return $controller->sendResponse($e);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a collection for the given model and filters
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base        $model
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @return array|WP_Error
+	 */
+	public function getEntitiesFromModel($model, $request)
+	{
+		$query_params = $this->createModelQueryParams($model, $request->get_params());
+		if (! Capabilities::currentUserHasPartialAccessTo($model, $query_params['caps'])) {
+			$model_name_plural = EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name());
+			return new WP_Error(
+				sprintf('rest_%s_cannot_list', $model_name_plural),
+				sprintf(
+					__('Sorry, you are not allowed to list %1$s. Missing permissions: %2$s', 'event_espresso'),
+					$model_name_plural,
+					Capabilities::getMissingPermissionsString($model, $query_params['caps'])
+				),
+				array('status' => 403)
+			);
+		}
+		if (! $request->get_header('no_rest_headers')) {
+			$this->setHeadersFromQueryParams($model, $query_params);
+		}
+		/** @type array $results */
+		$results = $model->get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
+		$nice_results = array();
+		foreach ($results as $result) {
+			$nice_results[] = $this->createEntityFromWpdbResult(
+				$model,
+				$result,
+				$request
+			);
+		}
+		return $nice_results;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the collection for given relation object
+	 * The same as Read::get_entities_from_model(), except if the relation
+	 * is a HABTM relation, in which case it merges any non-foreign-key fields from
+	 * the join-model-object into the results
+	 *
+	 * @param array                   $primary_model_query_params query params for finding the item from which
+	 *                                                            relations will be based
+	 * @param \EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request         $request
+	 * @return WP_Error|array
+	 * @throws RestException
+	 */
+	protected function getEntitiesFromRelationUsingModelQueryParams($primary_model_query_params, $relation, $request)
+	{
+		$context = $this->validateContext($request->get_param('caps'));
+		$model = $relation->get_this_model();
+		$related_model = $relation->get_other_model();
+		if (! isset($primary_model_query_params[0])) {
+			$primary_model_query_params[0] = array();
+		}
+		// check if they can access the 1st model object
+		$primary_model_query_params = array(
+			0       => $primary_model_query_params[0],
+			'limit' => 1,
+		);
+		if ($model instanceof \EEM_Soft_Delete_Base) {
+			$primary_model_query_params = $model->alter_query_params_so_deleted_and_undeleted_items_included(
+				$primary_model_query_params
+			);
+		}
+		$restricted_query_params = $primary_model_query_params;
+		$restricted_query_params['caps'] = $context;
+		$this->setDebugInfo('main model query params', $restricted_query_params);
+		$this->setDebugInfo('missing caps', Capabilities::getMissingPermissionsString($related_model, $context));
+		if (! (
+			Capabilities::currentUserHasPartialAccessTo($related_model, $context)
+			&& $model->exists($restricted_query_params)
+		)
+		) {
+			if ($relation instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$related_model_name_maybe_plural = strtolower($related_model->get_this_model_name());
+			} else {
+				$related_model_name_maybe_plural = EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower(
+					$related_model->get_this_model_name()
+				);
+			}
+			return new WP_Error(
+				sprintf('rest_%s_cannot_list', $related_model_name_maybe_plural),
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						'Sorry, you are not allowed to list %1$s related to %2$s. Missing permissions: %3$s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$related_model_name_maybe_plural,
+					$relation->get_this_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					implode(
+						',',
+						array_keys(
+							Capabilities::getMissingPermissions($related_model, $context)
+						)
+					)
+				),
+				array('status' => 403)
+			);
+		}
+		$query_params = $this->createModelQueryParams($relation->get_other_model(), $request->get_params());
+		foreach ($primary_model_query_params[0] as $where_condition_key => $where_condition_value) {
+			$query_params[0][ $relation->get_this_model()->get_this_model_name()
+							  . '.'
+							  . $where_condition_key ] = $where_condition_value;
+		}
+		$query_params['default_where_conditions'] = 'none';
+		$query_params['caps'] = $context;
+		if (! $request->get_header('no_rest_headers')) {
+			$this->setHeadersFromQueryParams($relation->get_other_model(), $query_params);
+		}
+		/** @type array $results */
+		$results = $relation->get_other_model()->get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
+		$nice_results = array();
+		foreach ($results as $result) {
+			$nice_result = $this->createEntityFromWpdbResult(
+				$relation->get_other_model(),
+				$result,
+				$request
+			);
+			if ($relation instanceof \EE_HABTM_Relation) {
+				// put the unusual stuff (properties from the HABTM relation) first, and make sure
+				// if there are conflicts we prefer the properties from the main model
+				$join_model_result = $this->createEntityFromWpdbResult(
+					$relation->get_join_model(),
+					$result,
+					$request
+				);
+				$joined_result = array_merge($nice_result, $join_model_result);
+				// but keep the meta stuff from the main model
+				if (isset($nice_result['meta'])) {
+					$joined_result['meta'] = $nice_result['meta'];
+				}
+				$nice_result = $joined_result;
+			}
+			$nice_results[] = $nice_result;
+		}
+		if ($relation instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			return array_shift($nice_results);
+		} else {
+			return $nice_results;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the collection for given relation object
+	 * The same as Read::get_entities_from_model(), except if the relation
+	 * is a HABTM relation, in which case it merges any non-foreign-key fields from
+	 * the join-model-object into the results
+	 *
+	 * @param string                  $id the ID of the thing we are fetching related stuff from
+	 * @param \EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request         $request
+	 * @return array|WP_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function getEntitiesFromRelation($id, $relation, $request)
+	{
+		if (! $relation->get_this_model()->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+					// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+						'Read::get_entities_from_relation should only be called from a model with a primary key, it was called from %1$s',
+						// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$relation->get_this_model()->get_this_model_name()
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $this->getEntitiesFromRelationUsingModelQueryParams(
+			array(
+				array(
+					$relation->get_this_model()->primary_key_name() => $id,
+				),
+			),
+			$relation,
+			$request
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the headers that are based on the model and query params,
+	 * like the total records. This should only be called on the original request
+	 * from the client, not on subsequent internal
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param array    $query_params
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function setHeadersFromQueryParams($model, $query_params)
+	{
+		$this->setDebugInfo('model query params', $query_params);
+		$this->setDebugInfo(
+			'missing caps',
+			Capabilities::getMissingPermissionsString($model, $query_params['caps'])
+		);
+		// normally the limit to a 2-part array, where the 2nd item is the limit
+		if (! isset($query_params['limit'])) {
+			$query_params['limit'] = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_default_query_limit();
+		}
+		if (is_array($query_params['limit'])) {
+			$limit_parts = $query_params['limit'];
+		} else {
+			$limit_parts = explode(',', $query_params['limit']);
+			if (count($limit_parts) == 1) {
+				$limit_parts = array(0, $limit_parts[0]);
+			}
+		}
+		// remove the group by and having parts of the query, as those will
+		// make the sql query return an array of values, instead of just a single value
+		unset($query_params['group_by'], $query_params['having'], $query_params['limit']);
+		$count = $model->count($query_params, null, true);
+		$pages = $count / $limit_parts[1];
+		$this->setResponseHeader('Total', $count, false);
+		$this->setResponseHeader('PageSize', $limit_parts[1], false);
+		$this->setResponseHeader('TotalPages', ceil($pages), false);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Changes database results into REST API entities
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base        $model
+	 * @param array           $db_row     like results from $wpdb->get_results()
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $rest_request
+	 * @param string          $deprecated no longer used
+	 * @return array ready for being converted into json for sending to client
+	 */
+	public function createEntityFromWpdbResult($model, $db_row, $rest_request, $deprecated = null)
+	{
+		if (! $rest_request instanceof WP_REST_Request) {
+			// ok so this was called in the old style, where the 3rd arg was
+			// $include, and the 4th arg was $context
+			// now setup the request just to avoid fatal errors, although we won't be able
+			// to truly make use of it because it's kinda devoid of info
+			$rest_request = new WP_REST_Request();
+			$rest_request->set_param('include', $rest_request);
+			$rest_request->set_param('caps', $deprecated);
+		}
+		if ($rest_request->get_param('caps') == null) {
+			$rest_request->set_param('caps', EEM_Base::caps_read);
+		}
+		$entity_array = $this->createBareEntityFromWpdbResults($model, $db_row);
+		$entity_array = $this->addExtraFields($model, $db_row, $entity_array);
+		$entity_array['_links'] = $this->getEntityLinks($model, $db_row, $entity_array);
+		$entity_array['_calculated_fields'] = $this->getEntityCalculations($model, $db_row, $rest_request);
+		$entity_array = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Read__create_entity_from_wpdb_results__entity_before_including_requested_models',
+			$entity_array,
+			$model,
+			$rest_request->get_param('caps'),
+			$rest_request,
+			$this
+		);
+		$entity_array = $this->includeRequestedModels($model, $rest_request, $entity_array, $db_row);
+		$entity_array = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Read__create_entity_from_wpdb_results__entity_before_inaccessible_field_removal',
+			$entity_array,
+			$model,
+			$rest_request->get_param('caps'),
+			$rest_request,
+			$this
+		);
+		$result_without_inaccessible_fields = Capabilities::filterOutInaccessibleEntityFields(
+			$entity_array,
+			$model,
+			$rest_request->get_param('caps'),
+			$this->getModelVersionInfo(),
+			$model->get_index_primary_key_string(
+				$model->deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($db_row)
+			)
+		);
+		$this->setDebugInfo(
+			'inaccessible fields',
+			array_keys(array_diff_key($entity_array, $result_without_inaccessible_fields))
+		);
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Read__create_entity_from_wpdb_results__entity_return',
+			$result_without_inaccessible_fields,
+			$model,
+			$rest_request->get_param('caps')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a REST entity array (JSON object we're going to return in the response, but
+	 * for now still a PHP array, but soon enough we'll call json_encode on it, don't worry),
+	 * from $wpdb->get_row( $sql, ARRAY_A)
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param array    $db_row
+	 * @return array entity mostly ready for converting to JSON and sending in the response
+	 */
+	protected function createBareEntityFromWpdbResults(EEM_Base $model, $db_row)
+	{
+		$result = $model->deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($db_row);
+		$result = array_intersect_key(
+			$result,
+			$this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsOnModelInThisVersion($model)
+		);
+		// if this is a CPT, we need to set the global $post to it,
+		// otherwise shortcodes etc won't work properly while rendering it
+		if ($model instanceof \EEM_CPT_Base) {
+			$do_chevy_shuffle = true;
+		} else {
+			$do_chevy_shuffle = false;
+		}
+		if ($do_chevy_shuffle) {
+			global $post;
+			$old_post = $post;
+			$post = get_post($result[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
+			if (! $post instanceof \WP_Post) {
+				// well that's weird, because $result is what we JUST fetched from the database
+				throw new RestException(
+					'error_fetching_post_from_database_results',
+					esc_html__(
+						'An item was retrieved from the database but it\'s not a WP_Post like it should be.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$model_object_classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
+			$post->{$model_object_classname} = \EE_Registry::instance()->load_class(
+				$model_object_classname,
+				$result,
+				false,
+				false
+			);
+		}
+		foreach ($result as $field_name => $field_value) {
+			$field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
+			if ($this->isSubclassOfOne($field_obj, $this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsIgnored())) {
+				unset($result[ $field_name ]);
+			} elseif ($this->isSubclassOfOne(
+				$field_obj,
+				$this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsThatHaveRenderedFormat()
+			)
+			) {
+				$result[ $field_name ] = array(
+					'raw'      => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value),
+					'rendered' => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value, 'pretty'),
+				);
+			} elseif ($this->isSubclassOfOne(
+				$field_obj,
+				$this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsThatHavePrettyFormat()
+			)
+			) {
+				$result[ $field_name ] = array(
+					'raw'    => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value),
+					'pretty' => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value, 'pretty'),
+				);
+			} elseif ($field_obj instanceof \EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value);
+				// if the value is null, but we're not supposed to permit null, then set to the field's default
+				if (is_null($field_value)) {
+					$field_value = $field_obj->getDefaultDateTimeObj();
+				}
+				if (is_null($field_value)) {
+					$gmt_date = $local_date = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValuesForJson(
+						$field_obj,
+						$field_value,
+						$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
+					);
+				} else {
+					$timezone = $field_value->getTimezone();
+					EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($field_value, new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
+					$gmt_date = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValuesForJson(
+						$field_obj,
+						$field_value,
+						$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
+					);
+					EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($field_value, $timezone);
+					$local_date = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValuesForJson(
+						$field_obj,
+						$field_value,
+						$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
+					);
+				}
+				$result[ $field_name . '_gmt' ] = $gmt_date;
+				$result[ $field_name ] = $local_date;
+			} else {
+				$result[ $field_name ] = $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value);
+			}
+		}
+		if ($do_chevy_shuffle) {
+			$post = $old_post;
+		}
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes a value all the way from the DB representation, to the model object's representation, to the
+	 * user-facing PHP representation, to the REST API representation. (Assumes you've already taken from the DB
+	 * representation using $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db())
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
+	 * @param mixed               $value  as it's stored on a model object
+	 * @param string              $format valid values are 'normal' (default), 'pretty', 'datetime_obj'
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws ObjectDetectedException if $value contains a PHP object
+	 */
+	protected function prepareFieldObjValueForJson(EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj, $value, $format = 'normal')
+	{
+		$value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($value);
+		switch ($format) {
+			case 'pretty':
+				$value = $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($value);
+				break;
+			case 'normal':
+			default:
+				$value = $field_obj->prepare_for_get($value);
+				break;
+		}
+		return ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValuesForJson(
+			$field_obj,
+			$value,
+			$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a few extra fields to the entity response
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param array    $db_row
+	 * @param array    $entity_array
+	 * @return array modified entity
+	 */
+	protected function addExtraFields(EEM_Base $model, $db_row, $entity_array)
+	{
+		if ($model instanceof EEM_CPT_Base) {
+			$entity_array['link'] = get_permalink($db_row[ $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ]);
+		}
+		return $entity_array;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets links we want to add to the response
+	 *
+	 * @global \WP_REST_Server $wp_rest_server
+	 * @param EEM_Base         $model
+	 * @param array            $db_row
+	 * @param array            $entity_array
+	 * @return array the _links item in the entity
+	 */
+	protected function getEntityLinks($model, $db_row, $entity_array)
+	{
+		// add basic links
+		$links = array();
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$links['self'] = array(
+				array(
+					'href' => $this->getVersionedLinkTo(
+						EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name())
+						. '/'
+						. $entity_array[ $model->primary_key_name() ]
+					),
+				),
+			);
+		}
+		$links['collection'] = array(
+			array(
+				'href' => $this->getVersionedLinkTo(
+					EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name())
+				),
+			),
+		);
+		// add links to related models
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			foreach ($this->getModelVersionInfo()->relationSettings($model) as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+				$related_model_part = Read::getRelatedEntityName($relation_name, $relation_obj);
+				$links[ EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_link_namespace . $related_model_part ] = array(
+					array(
+						'href'   => $this->getVersionedLinkTo(
+							EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name())
+							. '/'
+							. $entity_array[ $model->primary_key_name() ]
+							. '/'
+							. $related_model_part
+						),
+						'single' => $relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation ? true : false,
+					),
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $links;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds the included models indicated in the request to the entity provided
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base        $model
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $rest_request
+	 * @param array           $entity_array
+	 * @param array           $db_row
+	 * @return array the modified entity
+	 */
+	protected function includeRequestedModels(
+		EEM_Base $model,
+		WP_REST_Request $rest_request,
+		$entity_array,
+		$db_row = array()
+	) {
+		// if $db_row not included, hope the entity array has what we need
+		if (! $db_row) {
+			$db_row = $entity_array;
+		}
+		$includes_for_this_model = $this->explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith($rest_request->get_param('include'), '');
+		$includes_for_this_model = $this->removeModelNamesFromArray($includes_for_this_model);
+		// if they passed in * or didn't specify any includes, return everything
+		if (! in_array('*', $includes_for_this_model)
+			&& ! empty($includes_for_this_model)
+		) {
+			if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+				// always include the primary key. ya just gotta know that at least
+				$includes_for_this_model[] = $model->primary_key_name();
+			}
+			if ($this->explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith($rest_request->get_param('calculate'), '')) {
+				$includes_for_this_model[] = '_calculated_fields';
+			}
+			$entity_array = array_intersect_key($entity_array, array_flip($includes_for_this_model));
+		}
+		$relation_settings = $this->getModelVersionInfo()->relationSettings($model);
+		foreach ($relation_settings as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			$related_fields_to_include = $this->explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith(
+				$rest_request->get_param('include'),
+				$relation_name
+			);
+			$related_fields_to_calculate = $this->explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith(
+				$rest_request->get_param('calculate'),
+				$relation_name
+			);
+			// did they specify they wanted to include a related model, or
+			// specific fields from a related model?
+			// or did they specify to calculate a field from a related model?
+			if ($related_fields_to_include || $related_fields_to_calculate) {
+				// if so, we should include at least some part of the related model
+				$pretend_related_request = new WP_REST_Request();
+				$pretend_related_request->set_query_params(
+					array(
+						'caps'      => $rest_request->get_param('caps'),
+						'include'   => $related_fields_to_include,
+						'calculate' => $related_fields_to_calculate,
+					)
+				);
+				$pretend_related_request->add_header('no_rest_headers', true);
+				$primary_model_query_params = $model->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
+					$model->get_index_primary_key_string(
+						$model->deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($db_row)
+					)
+				);
+				$related_results = $this->getEntitiesFromRelationUsingModelQueryParams(
+					$primary_model_query_params,
+					$relation_obj,
+					$pretend_related_request
+				);
+				$entity_array[ Read::getRelatedEntityName($relation_name, $relation_obj) ] = $related_results
+																							 instanceof
+																							 WP_Error
+					? null
+					: $related_results;
+			}
+		}
+		return $entity_array;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a new array with all the names of models removed. Eg
+	 * array( 'Event', 'Datetime.*', 'foobar' ) would become array( 'Datetime.*', 'foobar' )
+	 *
+	 * @param array $arr
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	private function removeModelNamesFromArray($arr)
+	{
+		return array_diff($arr, array_keys(EE_Registry::instance()->non_abstract_db_models));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the calculated fields for the response
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base        $model
+	 * @param array           $wpdb_row
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $rest_request
+	 * @return \stdClass the _calculations item in the entity
+	 * @throws ObjectDetectedException if a default value has a PHP object, which should never do (and if we
+	 * did, let's know about it ASAP, so let the exception bubble up)
+	 */
+	protected function getEntityCalculations($model, $wpdb_row, $rest_request)
+	{
+		$calculated_fields = $this->explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith(
+			$rest_request->get_param('calculate'),
+			''
+		);
+		// note: setting calculate=* doesn't do anything
+		$calculated_fields_to_return = new \stdClass();
+		foreach ($calculated_fields as $field_to_calculate) {
+			try {
+				$calculated_fields_to_return->$field_to_calculate = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson(
+					null,
+					$this->fields_calculator->retrieveCalculatedFieldValue(
+						$model,
+						$field_to_calculate,
+						$wpdb_row,
+						$rest_request,
+						$this
+					),
+					$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
+				);
+			} catch (RestException $e) {
+				// if we don't have permission to read it, just leave it out. but let devs know about the problem
+				$this->setResponseHeader(
+					'Notices-Field-Calculation-Errors['
+					. $e->getStringCode()
+					. ']['
+					. $model->get_this_model_name()
+					. ']['
+					. $field_to_calculate
+					. ']',
+					$e->getMessage(),
+					true
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $calculated_fields_to_return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the full URL to the resource, taking the requested version into account
+	 *
+	 * @param string $link_part_after_version_and_slash eg "events/10/datetimes"
+	 * @return string url eg "http://mysite.com/wp-json/ee/v4.6/events/10/datetimes"
+	 */
+	public function getVersionedLinkTo($link_part_after_version_and_slash)
+	{
+		return rest_url(
+			EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_versioned_route_to(
+				$link_part_after_version_and_slash,
+				$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the correct lowercase name for the relation in the API according
+	 * to the relation's type
+	 *
+	 * @param string                  $relation_name
+	 * @param \EE_Model_Relation_Base $relation_obj
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function getRelatedEntityName($relation_name, $relation_obj)
+	{
+		if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			return strtolower($relation_name);
+		} else {
+			return EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($relation_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the one model object with the specified id for the specified model
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base        $model
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @return array|WP_Error
+	 */
+	public function getEntityFromModel($model, $request)
+	{
+		$context = $this->validateContext($request->get_param('caps'));
+		return $this->getOneOrReportPermissionError($model, $request, $context);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If a context is provided which isn't valid, maybe it was added in a future
+	 * version so just treat it as a default read
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context
+	 * @return string array key of EEM_Base::cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map()
+	 */
+	public function validateContext($context)
+	{
+		if (! $context) {
+			$context = EEM_Base::caps_read;
+		}
+		$valid_contexts = EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts();
+		if (in_array($context, $valid_contexts)) {
+			return $context;
+		} else {
+			return EEM_Base::caps_read;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Verifies the passed in value is an allowable default where conditions value.
+	 *
+	 * @param $default_query_params
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function validateDefaultQueryParams($default_query_params)
+	{
+		$valid_default_where_conditions_for_api_calls = array(
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
+		);
+		if (! $default_query_params) {
+			$default_query_params = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all;
+		}
+		if (in_array(
+			$default_query_params,
+			$valid_default_where_conditions_for_api_calls,
+			true
+		)) {
+			return $default_query_params;
+		} else {
+			return EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Translates API filter get parameter into $query_params array used by EEM_Base::get_all().
+	 * Note: right now the query parameter keys for fields (and related fields)
+	 * can be left as-is, but it's quite possible this will change someday.
+	 * Also, this method's contents might be candidate for moving to Model_Data_Translator
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param array    $query_parameters  from $_GET parameter @see Read:handle_request_get_all
+	 * @return array like what EEM_Base::get_all() expects or FALSE to indicate
+	 *                                    that absolutely no results should be returned
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws RestException
+	 */
+	public function createModelQueryParams($model, $query_parameters)
+	{
+		$model_query_params = array();
+		if (isset($query_parameters['where'])) {
+			$model_query_params[0] = ModelDataTranslator::prepareConditionsQueryParamsForModels(
+				$query_parameters['where'],
+				$model,
+				$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
+			);
+		}
+		if (isset($query_parameters['order_by'])) {
+			$order_by = $query_parameters['order_by'];
+		} elseif (isset($query_parameters['orderby'])) {
+			$order_by = $query_parameters['orderby'];
+		} else {
+			$order_by = null;
+		}
+		if ($order_by !== null) {
+			if (is_array($order_by)) {
+				$order_by = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldNamesInArrayKeysFromJson($order_by);
+			} else {
+				// it's a single item
+				$order_by = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldNameFromJson($order_by);
+			}
+			$model_query_params['order_by'] = $order_by;
+		}
+		if (isset($query_parameters['group_by'])) {
+			$group_by = $query_parameters['group_by'];
+		} elseif (isset($query_parameters['groupby'])) {
+			$group_by = $query_parameters['groupby'];
+		} else {
+			$group_by = array_keys($model->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
+		}
+		// make sure they're all real names
+		if (is_array($group_by)) {
+			$group_by = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldNamesFromJson($group_by);
+		}
+		if ($group_by !== null) {
+			$model_query_params['group_by'] = $group_by;
+		}
+		if (isset($query_parameters['having'])) {
+			$model_query_params['having'] = ModelDataTranslator::prepareConditionsQueryParamsForModels(
+				$query_parameters['having'],
+				$model,
+				$this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
+			);
+		}
+		if (isset($query_parameters['order'])) {
+			$model_query_params['order'] = $query_parameters['order'];
+		}
+		if (isset($query_parameters['mine'])) {
+			$model_query_params = $model->alter_query_params_to_only_include_mine($model_query_params);
+		}
+		if (isset($query_parameters['limit'])) {
+			// limit should be either a string like '23' or '23,43', or an array with two items in it
+			if (! is_array($query_parameters['limit'])) {
+				$limit_array = explode(',', (string) $query_parameters['limit']);
+			} else {
+				$limit_array = $query_parameters['limit'];
+			}
+			$sanitized_limit = array();
+			foreach ($limit_array as $key => $limit_part) {
+				if ($this->debug_mode && (! is_numeric($limit_part) || count($sanitized_limit) > 2)) {
+					throw new EE_Error(
+						sprintf(
+							__(
+							// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+								'An invalid limit filter was provided. It was: %s. If the EE4 JSON REST API weren\'t in debug mode, this message would not appear.',
+								// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+								'event_espresso'
+							),
+							wp_json_encode($query_parameters['limit'])
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				$sanitized_limit[] = (int) $limit_part;
+			}
+			$model_query_params['limit'] = implode(',', $sanitized_limit);
+		} else {
+			$model_query_params['limit'] = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_default_query_limit();
+		}
+		if (isset($query_parameters['caps'])) {
+			$model_query_params['caps'] = $this->validateContext($query_parameters['caps']);
+		} else {
+			$model_query_params['caps'] = EEM_Base::caps_read;
+		}
+		if (isset($query_parameters['default_where_conditions'])) {
+			$model_query_params['default_where_conditions'] = $this->validateDefaultQueryParams(
+				$query_parameters['default_where_conditions']
+			);
+		}
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__Read__create_model_query_params', $model_query_params, $query_parameters, $model);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Changes the REST-style query params for use in the models
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param array    $query_params sub-array from @see EEM_Base::get_all()
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function prepareRestQueryParamsKeyForModels($model, $query_params)
+	{
+		$model_ready_query_params = array();
+		foreach ($query_params as $key => $value) {
+			if (is_array($value)) {
+				$model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $this->prepareRestQueryParamsKeyForModels($model, $value);
+			} else {
+				$model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $value;
+			}
+		}
+		return $model_ready_query_params;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @deprecated instead use ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValuesFromJson()
+	 * @param $model
+	 * @param $query_params
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function prepareRestQueryParamsValuesForModels($model, $query_params)
+	{
+		$model_ready_query_params = array();
+		foreach ($query_params as $key => $value) {
+			if (is_array($value)) {
+				$model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $this->prepareRestQueryParamsValuesForModels($model, $value);
+			} else {
+				$model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $value;
+			}
+		}
+		return $model_ready_query_params;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Explodes the string on commas, and only returns items with $prefix followed by a period.
+	 * If no prefix is specified, returns items with no period.
+	 *
+	 * @param string|array $string_to_explode eg "jibba,jabba, blah, blah, blah" or array('jibba', 'jabba' )
+	 * @param string       $prefix            "Event" or "foobar"
+	 * @return array $string_to_exploded exploded on COMMAS, and if a prefix was specified
+	 *                                        we only return strings starting with that and a period; if no prefix was
+	 *                                        specified we return all items containing NO periods
+	 */
+	public function explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith($string_to_explode, $prefix)
+	{
+		if (is_string($string_to_explode)) {
+			$exploded_contents = explode(',', $string_to_explode);
+		} elseif (is_array($string_to_explode)) {
+			$exploded_contents = $string_to_explode;
+		} else {
+			$exploded_contents = array();
+		}
+		// if the string was empty, we want an empty array
+		$exploded_contents = array_filter($exploded_contents);
+		$contents_with_prefix = array();
+		foreach ($exploded_contents as $item) {
+			$item = trim($item);
+			// if no prefix was provided, so we look for items with no "." in them
+			if (! $prefix) {
+				// does this item have a period?
+				if (strpos($item, '.') === false) {
+					// if not, then its what we're looking for
+					$contents_with_prefix[] = $item;
+				}
+			} elseif (strpos($item, $prefix . '.') === 0) {
+				// this item has the prefix and a period, grab it
+				$contents_with_prefix[] = substr(
+					$item,
+					strpos($item, $prefix . '.') + strlen($prefix . '.')
+				);
+			} elseif ($item === $prefix) {
+				// this item is JUST the prefix
+				// so let's grab everything after, which is a blank string
+				$contents_with_prefix[] = '';
+			}
+		}
+		return $contents_with_prefix;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @deprecated since 4.8.36.rc.001 You should instead use Read::explode_and_get_items_prefixed_with.
+	 * Deprecated because its return values were really quite confusing- sometimes it returned
+	 * an empty array (when the include string was blank or '*') or sometimes it returned
+	 * array('*') (when you provided a model and a model of that kind was found).
+	 * Parses the $include_string so we fetch all the field names relating to THIS model
+	 * (ie have NO period in them), or for the provided model (ie start with the model
+	 * name and then a period).
+	 * @param string $include_string @see Read:handle_request_get_all
+	 * @param string $model_name
+	 * @return array of fields for this model. If $model_name is provided, then
+	 *                               the fields for that model, with the model's name removed from each.
+	 *                               If $include_string was blank or '*' returns an empty array
+	 */
+	public function extractIncludesForThisModel($include_string, $model_name = null)
+	{
+		if (is_array($include_string)) {
+			$include_string = implode(',', $include_string);
+		}
+		if ($include_string === '*' || $include_string === '') {
+			return array();
+		}
+		$includes = explode(',', $include_string);
+		$extracted_fields_to_include = array();
+		if ($model_name) {
+			foreach ($includes as $field_to_include) {
+				$field_to_include = trim($field_to_include);
+				if (strpos($field_to_include, $model_name . '.') === 0) {
+					// found the model name at the exact start
+					$field_sans_model_name = str_replace($model_name . '.', '', $field_to_include);
+					$extracted_fields_to_include[] = $field_sans_model_name;
+				} elseif ($field_to_include == $model_name) {
+					$extracted_fields_to_include[] = '*';
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// look for ones with no period
+			foreach ($includes as $field_to_include) {
+				$field_to_include = trim($field_to_include);
+				if (strpos($field_to_include, '.') === false
+					&& ! $this->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($field_to_include)
+				) {
+					$extracted_fields_to_include[] = $field_to_include;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $extracted_fields_to_include;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the single item using the model according to the request in the context given, otherwise
+	 * returns that it's inaccessible to the current user
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Base        $model
+	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
+	 * @param null            $context
+	 * @return array|WP_Error
+	 */
+	public function getOneOrReportPermissionError(EEM_Base $model, WP_REST_Request $request, $context = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(array($model->primary_key_name() => $request->get_param('id')), 'limit' => 1);
+		if ($model instanceof \EEM_Soft_Delete_Base) {
+			$query_params = $model->alter_query_params_so_deleted_and_undeleted_items_included($query_params);
+		}
+		$restricted_query_params = $query_params;
+		$restricted_query_params['caps'] = $context;
+		$this->setDebugInfo('model query params', $restricted_query_params);
+		$model_rows = $model->get_all_wpdb_results($restricted_query_params);
+		if (! empty($model_rows)) {
+			return $this->createEntityFromWpdbResult(
+				$model,
+				array_shift($model_rows),
+				$request
+			);
+		} else {
+			// ok let's test to see if we WOULD have found it, had we not had restrictions from missing capabilities
+			$lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());
+			$model_rows_found_sans_restrictions = $model->get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
+			if (! empty($model_rows_found_sans_restrictions)) {
+				// you got shafted- it existed but we didn't want to tell you!
+				return new WP_Error(
+					'rest_user_cannot_' . $context,
+					sprintf(
+						__('Sorry, you cannot %1$s this %2$s. Missing permissions are: %3$s', 'event_espresso'),
+						$context,
+						strtolower($model->get_this_model_name()),
+						Capabilities::getMissingPermissionsString(
+							$model,
+							$context
+						)
+					),
+					array('status' => 403)
+				);
+			} else {
+				// it's not you. It just doesn't exist
+				return new WP_Error(
+					sprintf('rest_%s_invalid_id', $lowercase_model_name),
+					sprintf(__('Invalid %s ID.', 'event_espresso'), $lowercase_model_name),
+					array('status' => 404)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }

Spacing +53 added lines, -53 removed lines

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ 
         $controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
         try {
             $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            if (! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
+            if ( ! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
                 return $controller->sendResponse(
                     new WP_Error(
                         'endpoint_parsing_error',
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ 
         $controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
         try {
             $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            if (! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
+            if ( ! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
                 return array();
             }
             // get the model for this version
@@ -171,11 +171,11 @@ 
      */
     protected function translateDefaultsForRestResponse($field_name, EE_Model_Field_Base $field, array $schema)
     {
-        if (isset($schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'])) {
-            if (is_array($schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'])) {
-                foreach ($schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'] as $default_key => $default_value) {
+        if (isset($schema['properties'][$field_name]['default'])) {
+            if (is_array($schema['properties'][$field_name]['default'])) {
+                foreach ($schema['properties'][$field_name]['default'] as $default_key => $default_value) {
                     if ($default_key === 'raw') {
-                        $schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'][ $default_key ] =
+                        $schema['properties'][$field_name]['default'][$default_key] =
                             ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson(
                                 $field,
                                 $default_value,
@@ -184,9 +184,9 @@ 
                     }
                 }
             } else {
-                $schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'] = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson(
+                $schema['properties'][$field_name]['default'] = ModelDataTranslator::prepareFieldValueForJson(
                     $field,
-                    $schema['properties'][ $field_name ]['default'],
+                    $schema['properties'][$field_name]['default'],
                     $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
                 );
             }
@@ -208,9 +208,9 @@ 
     protected function maybeAddExtraFieldsToSchema($field_name, EE_Model_Field_Base $field, array $schema)
     {
         if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            $schema['properties'][ $field_name . '_gmt' ] = $field->getSchema();
+            $schema['properties'][$field_name.'_gmt'] = $field->getSchema();
             // modify the description
-            $schema['properties'][ $field_name . '_gmt' ]['description'] = sprintf(
+            $schema['properties'][$field_name.'_gmt']['description'] = sprintf(
                 esc_html__('%s - the value for this field is in GMT.', 'event_espresso'),
                 wp_specialchars_decode($field->get_nicename(), ENT_QUOTES)
             );
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ 
         $controller = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getNew('EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\controllers\model\Read');
         try {
             $controller->setRequestedVersion($version);
-            if (! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
+            if ( ! $controller->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
                 return $controller->sendResponse(
                     new WP_Error(
                         'endpoint_parsing_error',
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ 
     public function getEntitiesFromModel($model, $request)
     {
         $query_params = $this->createModelQueryParams($model, $request->get_params());
-        if (! Capabilities::currentUserHasPartialAccessTo($model, $query_params['caps'])) {
+        if ( ! Capabilities::currentUserHasPartialAccessTo($model, $query_params['caps'])) {
             $model_name_plural = EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name());
             return new WP_Error(
                 sprintf('rest_%s_cannot_list', $model_name_plural),
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ 
                 array('status' => 403)
             );
         }
-        if (! $request->get_header('no_rest_headers')) {
+        if ( ! $request->get_header('no_rest_headers')) {
             $this->setHeadersFromQueryParams($model, $query_params);
         }
         /** @type array $results */
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ 
         $context = $this->validateContext($request->get_param('caps'));
         $model = $relation->get_this_model();
         $related_model = $relation->get_other_model();
-        if (! isset($primary_model_query_params[0])) {
+        if ( ! isset($primary_model_query_params[0])) {
             $primary_model_query_params[0] = array();
         }
         // check if they can access the 1st model object
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ 
         $restricted_query_params['caps'] = $context;
         $this->setDebugInfo('main model query params', $restricted_query_params);
         $this->setDebugInfo('missing caps', Capabilities::getMissingPermissionsString($related_model, $context));
-        if (! (
+        if ( ! (
             Capabilities::currentUserHasPartialAccessTo($related_model, $context)
             && $model->exists($restricted_query_params)
         )
@@ -423,13 +423,13 @@ 
         }
         $query_params = $this->createModelQueryParams($relation->get_other_model(), $request->get_params());
         foreach ($primary_model_query_params[0] as $where_condition_key => $where_condition_value) {
-            $query_params[0][ $relation->get_this_model()->get_this_model_name()
+            $query_params[0][$relation->get_this_model()->get_this_model_name()
                               . '.'
-                              . $where_condition_key ] = $where_condition_value;
+                              . $where_condition_key] = $where_condition_value;
         }
         $query_params['default_where_conditions'] = 'none';
         $query_params['caps'] = $context;
-        if (! $request->get_header('no_rest_headers')) {
+        if ( ! $request->get_header('no_rest_headers')) {
             $this->setHeadersFromQueryParams($relation->get_other_model(), $query_params);
         }
         /** @type array $results */
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ 
      */
     public function getEntitiesFromRelation($id, $relation, $request)
     {
-        if (! $relation->get_this_model()->has_primary_key_field()) {
+        if ( ! $relation->get_this_model()->has_primary_key_field()) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     __(
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ 
             Capabilities::getMissingPermissionsString($model, $query_params['caps'])
         );
         // normally the limit to a 2-part array, where the 2nd item is the limit
-        if (! isset($query_params['limit'])) {
+        if ( ! isset($query_params['limit'])) {
             $query_params['limit'] = EED_Core_Rest_Api::get_default_query_limit();
         }
         if (is_array($query_params['limit'])) {
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ 
      */
     public function createEntityFromWpdbResult($model, $db_row, $rest_request, $deprecated = null)
     {
-        if (! $rest_request instanceof WP_REST_Request) {
+        if ( ! $rest_request instanceof WP_REST_Request) {
             // ok so this was called in the old style, where the 3rd arg was
             // $include, and the 4th arg was $context
             // now setup the request just to avoid fatal errors, although we won't be able
@@ -636,8 +636,8 @@ 
         if ($do_chevy_shuffle) {
             global $post;
             $old_post = $post;
-            $post = get_post($result[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
-            if (! $post instanceof \WP_Post) {
+            $post = get_post($result[$model->primary_key_name()]);
+            if ( ! $post instanceof \WP_Post) {
                 // well that's weird, because $result is what we JUST fetched from the database
                 throw new RestException(
                     'error_fetching_post_from_database_results',
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ 
                     )
                 );
             }
-            $model_object_classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
+            $model_object_classname = 'EE_'.$model->get_this_model_name();
             $post->{$model_object_classname} = \EE_Registry::instance()->load_class(
                 $model_object_classname,
                 $result,
@@ -658,13 +658,13 @@ 
         foreach ($result as $field_name => $field_value) {
             $field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
             if ($this->isSubclassOfOne($field_obj, $this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsIgnored())) {
-                unset($result[ $field_name ]);
+                unset($result[$field_name]);
             } elseif ($this->isSubclassOfOne(
                 $field_obj,
                 $this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsThatHaveRenderedFormat()
             )
             ) {
-                $result[ $field_name ] = array(
+                $result[$field_name] = array(
                     'raw'      => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value),
                     'rendered' => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value, 'pretty'),
                 );
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ 
                 $this->getModelVersionInfo()->fieldsThatHavePrettyFormat()
             )
             ) {
-                $result[ $field_name ] = array(
+                $result[$field_name] = array(
                     'raw'    => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value),
                     'pretty' => $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value, 'pretty'),
                 );
@@ -704,10 +704,10 @@ 
                         $this->getModelVersionInfo()->requestedVersion()
                     );
                 }
-                $result[ $field_name . '_gmt' ] = $gmt_date;
-                $result[ $field_name ] = $local_date;
+                $result[$field_name.'_gmt'] = $gmt_date;
+                $result[$field_name] = $local_date;
             } else {
-                $result[ $field_name ] = $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value);
+                $result[$field_name] = $this->prepareFieldObjValueForJson($field_obj, $field_value);
             }
         }
         if ($do_chevy_shuffle) {
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ 
     protected function addExtraFields(EEM_Base $model, $db_row, $entity_array)
     {
         if ($model instanceof EEM_CPT_Base) {
-            $entity_array['link'] = get_permalink($db_row[ $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column() ]);
+            $entity_array['link'] = get_permalink($db_row[$model->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column()]);
         }
         return $entity_array;
     }
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ 
                     'href' => $this->getVersionedLinkTo(
                         EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name())
                         . '/'
-                        . $entity_array[ $model->primary_key_name() ]
+                        . $entity_array[$model->primary_key_name()]
                     ),
                 ),
             );
@@ -800,12 +800,12 @@ 
         if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
             foreach ($this->getModelVersionInfo()->relationSettings($model) as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
                 $related_model_part = Read::getRelatedEntityName($relation_name, $relation_obj);
-                $links[ EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_link_namespace . $related_model_part ] = array(
+                $links[EED_Core_Rest_Api::ee_api_link_namespace.$related_model_part] = array(
                     array(
                         'href'   => $this->getVersionedLinkTo(
                             EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($model->get_this_model_name())
                             . '/'
-                            . $entity_array[ $model->primary_key_name() ]
+                            . $entity_array[$model->primary_key_name()]
                             . '/'
                             . $related_model_part
                         ),
@@ -834,13 +834,13 @@ 
         $db_row = array()
     ) {
         // if $db_row not included, hope the entity array has what we need
-        if (! $db_row) {
+        if ( ! $db_row) {
             $db_row = $entity_array;
         }
         $includes_for_this_model = $this->explodeAndGetItemsPrefixedWith($rest_request->get_param('include'), '');
         $includes_for_this_model = $this->removeModelNamesFromArray($includes_for_this_model);
         // if they passed in * or didn't specify any includes, return everything
-        if (! in_array('*', $includes_for_this_model)
+        if ( ! in_array('*', $includes_for_this_model)
             && ! empty($includes_for_this_model)
         ) {
             if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ 
                     $relation_obj,
                     $pretend_related_request
                 );
-                $entity_array[ Read::getRelatedEntityName($relation_name, $relation_obj) ] = $related_results
+                $entity_array[Read::getRelatedEntityName($relation_name, $relation_obj)] = $related_results
                                                                                              instanceof
                                                                                              WP_Error
                     ? null
@@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ 
      */
     public function validateContext($context)
     {
-        if (! $context) {
+        if ( ! $context) {
             $context = EEM_Base::caps_read;
         }
         $valid_contexts = EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts();
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ 
             EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all,
             EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
         );
-        if (! $default_query_params) {
+        if ( ! $default_query_params) {
             $default_query_params = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all;
         }
         if (in_array(
@@ -1126,14 +1126,14 @@ 
         }
         if (isset($query_parameters['limit'])) {
             // limit should be either a string like '23' or '23,43', or an array with two items in it
-            if (! is_array($query_parameters['limit'])) {
+            if ( ! is_array($query_parameters['limit'])) {
                 $limit_array = explode(',', (string) $query_parameters['limit']);
             } else {
                 $limit_array = $query_parameters['limit'];
             }
             $sanitized_limit = array();
             foreach ($limit_array as $key => $limit_part) {
-                if ($this->debug_mode && (! is_numeric($limit_part) || count($sanitized_limit) > 2)) {
+                if ($this->debug_mode && ( ! is_numeric($limit_part) || count($sanitized_limit) > 2)) {
                     throw new EE_Error(
                         sprintf(
                             __(
@@ -1179,9 +1179,9 @@ 
         $model_ready_query_params = array();
         foreach ($query_params as $key => $value) {
             if (is_array($value)) {
-                $model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $this->prepareRestQueryParamsKeyForModels($model, $value);
+                $model_ready_query_params[$key] = $this->prepareRestQueryParamsKeyForModels($model, $value);
             } else {
-                $model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $value;
+                $model_ready_query_params[$key] = $value;
             }
         }
         return $model_ready_query_params;
@@ -1199,9 +1199,9 @@ 
         $model_ready_query_params = array();
         foreach ($query_params as $key => $value) {
             if (is_array($value)) {
-                $model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $this->prepareRestQueryParamsValuesForModels($model, $value);
+                $model_ready_query_params[$key] = $this->prepareRestQueryParamsValuesForModels($model, $value);
             } else {
-                $model_ready_query_params[ $key ] = $value;
+                $model_ready_query_params[$key] = $value;
             }
         }
         return $model_ready_query_params;
@@ -1233,17 +1233,17 @@ 
         foreach ($exploded_contents as $item) {
             $item = trim($item);
             // if no prefix was provided, so we look for items with no "." in them
-            if (! $prefix) {
+            if ( ! $prefix) {
                 // does this item have a period?
                 if (strpos($item, '.') === false) {
                     // if not, then its what we're looking for
                     $contents_with_prefix[] = $item;
                 }
-            } elseif (strpos($item, $prefix . '.') === 0) {
+            } elseif (strpos($item, $prefix.'.') === 0) {
                 // this item has the prefix and a period, grab it
                 $contents_with_prefix[] = substr(
                     $item,
-                    strpos($item, $prefix . '.') + strlen($prefix . '.')
+                    strpos($item, $prefix.'.') + strlen($prefix.'.')
                 );
             } elseif ($item === $prefix) {
                 // this item is JUST the prefix
@@ -1282,9 +1282,9 @@ 
         if ($model_name) {
             foreach ($includes as $field_to_include) {
                 $field_to_include = trim($field_to_include);
-                if (strpos($field_to_include, $model_name . '.') === 0) {
+                if (strpos($field_to_include, $model_name.'.') === 0) {
                     // found the model name at the exact start
-                    $field_sans_model_name = str_replace($model_name . '.', '', $field_to_include);
+                    $field_sans_model_name = str_replace($model_name.'.', '', $field_to_include);
                     $extracted_fields_to_include[] = $field_sans_model_name;
                 } elseif ($field_to_include == $model_name) {
                     $extracted_fields_to_include[] = '*';
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@ 
         $restricted_query_params['caps'] = $context;
         $this->setDebugInfo('model query params', $restricted_query_params);
         $model_rows = $model->get_all_wpdb_results($restricted_query_params);
-        if (! empty($model_rows)) {
+        if ( ! empty($model_rows)) {
             return $this->createEntityFromWpdbResult(
                 $model,
                 array_shift($model_rows),
@@ -1334,10 +1334,10 @@ 
             // ok let's test to see if we WOULD have found it, had we not had restrictions from missing capabilities
             $lowercase_model_name = strtolower($model->get_this_model_name());
             $model_rows_found_sans_restrictions = $model->get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
-            if (! empty($model_rows_found_sans_restrictions)) {
+            if ( ! empty($model_rows_found_sans_restrictions)) {
                 // you got shafted- it existed but we didn't want to tell you!
                 return new WP_Error(
-                    'rest_user_cannot_' . $context,
+                    'rest_user_cannot_'.$context,
                     sprintf(
                         __('Sorry, you cannot %1$s this %2$s. Missing permissions are: %3$s', 'event_espresso'),
                         $context,

core/libraries/rest_api/controllers/model/Base.php

Indentation +80 added lines, -80 removed lines

@@ -18,95 +18,95 @@
 class Base extends Controller_Base
 {
 
-    /**
-     * Holds reference to the model version info, which knows the requested version
-     *
-     * @var ModelVersionInfo
-     */
-    protected $model_version_info;
+	/**
+	 * Holds reference to the model version info, which knows the requested version
+	 *
+	 * @var ModelVersionInfo
+	 */
+	protected $model_version_info;
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * Sets the version the user requested
-     *
-     * @param string $version eg '4.8'
-     */
-    public function setRequestedVersion($version)
-    {
-        parent::setRequestedVersion($version);
-        $this->model_version_info = new ModelVersionInfo($version);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Sets the version the user requested
+	 *
+	 * @param string $version eg '4.8'
+	 */
+	public function setRequestedVersion($version)
+	{
+		parent::setRequestedVersion($version);
+		$this->model_version_info = new ModelVersionInfo($version);
+	}
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the object that should be used for getting any info from the models,
-     * because it's takes the requested and current core version into account
-     *
-     * @return \EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\ModelVersionInfo
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function getModelVersionInfo()
-    {
-        if (! $this->model_version_info) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        'Cannot use model version info before setting the requested version in the controller',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    )
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $this->model_version_info;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Gets the object that should be used for getting any info from the models,
+	 * because it's takes the requested and current core version into account
+	 *
+	 * @return \EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\ModelVersionInfo
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function getModelVersionInfo()
+	{
+		if (! $this->model_version_info) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						'Cannot use model version info before setting the requested version in the controller',
+						'event_espresso'
+					)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $this->model_version_info;
+	}
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * Determines if $object is of one of the classes of $classes. Similar to
-     * in_array(), except this checks if $object is a subclass of the classnames provided
-     * in $classnames
-     *
-     * @param object $object
-     * @param array  $classnames
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function isSubclassOfOne($object, $classnames)
-    {
-        foreach ($classnames as $classname) {
-            if (is_a($object, $classname)) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Determines if $object is of one of the classes of $classes. Similar to
+	 * in_array(), except this checks if $object is a subclass of the classnames provided
+	 * in $classnames
+	 *
+	 * @param object $object
+	 * @param array  $classnames
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function isSubclassOfOne($object, $classnames)
+	{
+		foreach ($classnames as $classname) {
+			if (is_a($object, $classname)) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
 
-    /**
-     * Verifies the model name provided was valid. If so, returns the model (as an object). Otherwise, throws an
-     * exception. Must be called after `setRequestedVersion()`.
-     * @since $VID:$
-     * @param $model_name
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws RestException
-     */
-    protected function validateModel($model_name)
-    {
-        if (! $this->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
-            throw new RestException(
-                'endpoint_parsing_error',
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        'There is no model for endpoint %s. Please contact event espresso support',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $model_name
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $this->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Verifies the model name provided was valid. If so, returns the model (as an object). Otherwise, throws an
+	 * exception. Must be called after `setRequestedVersion()`.
+	 * @since $VID:$
+	 * @param $model_name
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws RestException
+	 */
+	protected function validateModel($model_name)
+	{
+		if (! $this->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
+			throw new RestException(
+				'endpoint_parsing_error',
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						'There is no model for endpoint %s. Please contact event espresso support',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$model_name
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $this->getModelVersionInfo()->loadModel($model_name);
+	}
 }
 // End of file Base.php

Spacing +2 added lines, -2 removed lines

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ 
      */
     public function getModelVersionInfo()
     {
-        if (! $this->model_version_info) {
+        if ( ! $this->model_version_info) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     __(
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ 
      */
     protected function validateModel($model_name)
     {
-        if (! $this->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
+        if ( ! $this->getModelVersionInfo()->isModelNameInThisVersion($model_name)) {
             throw new RestException(
                 'endpoint_parsing_error',
                 sprintf(