eventespresso / event-espresso-core

core/services/Benchmark.php

Indentation +304 added lines, -304 removed lines

@@ -20,310 +20,310 @@
 class Benchmark
 {
 
-    /**
-     * array containing the start time for the timers
-     */
-    private static $start_times;
-
-    /**
-     * array containing all the timer'd times, which can be outputted via show_times()
-     */
-    private static $times = array();
-
-    /**
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected static $memory_usage = array();
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * whether to benchmark code or not
-     */
-    public static function doNotRun()
-    {
-        return ! WP_DEBUG || (defined('DOING_AJAX') && DOING_AJAX);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * resetTimes
-     */
-    public static function resetTimes()
-    {
-        Benchmark::$times = array();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Add Benchmark::startTimer() before a block of code you want to measure the performance of
-     *
-     * @param null $timer_name
-     */
-    public static function startTimer($timer_name = null)
-    {
-        if (Benchmark::doNotRun()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $timer_name = $timer_name !== '' ? $timer_name : get_called_class();
-        Benchmark::$start_times[$timer_name] = microtime(true);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Add Benchmark::stopTimer() after a block of code you want to measure the performance of
-     *
-     * @param string $timer_name
-     */
-    public static function stopTimer($timer_name = '')
-    {
-        if (Benchmark::doNotRun()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $timer_name = $timer_name !== '' ? $timer_name : get_called_class();
-        if (isset(Benchmark::$start_times[$timer_name])) {
-            $start_time = Benchmark::$start_times[$timer_name];
-            unset(Benchmark::$start_times[$timer_name]);
-        } else {
-            $start_time = array_pop(Benchmark::$start_times);
-        }
-        Benchmark::$times[$timer_name] = number_format(microtime(true) - $start_time, 8);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Measure the memory usage by PHP so far.
-     *
-     * @param string  $label      The label to show for this time eg "Start of calling Some_Class::some_function"
-     * @param boolean $output_now whether to echo now, or wait until EEH_Debug_Tools::show_times() is called
-     * @param bool    $formatted
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function measureMemory($label = 'memory usage', $output_now = false, $formatted = true)
-    {
-        if (Benchmark::doNotRun()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $memory_used = Benchmark::convert(memory_get_usage(true));
-        Benchmark::$memory_usage[$label] = $memory_used;
-        if ($output_now) {
-            echo $formatted
-                ? "<br>{$label} : {$memory_used}"
-                : "\n {$label} : {$memory_used}";
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * will display the benchmarking results at shutdown
-     *
-     * @param bool $formatted
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function displayResultsAtShutdown($formatted = true)
-    {
-        add_action(
-            'shutdown',
-            function () use ($formatted) {
-                Benchmark::displayResults(true, $formatted);
-            }
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * will display the benchmarking results at shutdown
-     *
-     * @param string $filepath
-     * @param bool   $formatted
-     * @param bool   $append
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function writeResultsAtShutdown($filepath = '', $formatted = true, $append = true)
-    {
-        add_action(
-            'shutdown',
-            function () use ($filepath, $formatted, $append) {
-                Benchmark::writeResultsToFile($filepath, $formatted, $append);
-            }
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $formatted
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private static function generateResults($formatted = true)
-    {
-        if (Benchmark::doNotRun()) {
-            return '';
-        }
-        $output = '';
-        if (! empty(Benchmark::$times)) {
-            $total = 0;
-            $output .= $formatted
-                ? '<span style="color:#999999; font-size:.8em;">( time in milliseconds )</span><br />'
-                : '';
-            foreach (Benchmark::$times as $timer_name => $total_time) {
-                $output .= Benchmark::formatTime($timer_name, $total_time, $formatted);
-                $output .= $formatted ? '<br />'  : "\n";
-                $total += $total_time;
-            }
-            if($formatted) {
-                $output .= '<br />';
-                $output .= '<h4>TOTAL TIME</h4>';
-                $output .= Benchmark::formatTime('', $total, $formatted);
-                $output .= '<span style="color:#999999; font-size:.8em;"> milliseconds</span><br />';
-                $output .= '<br />';
-                $output .= '<h5>Performance scale (from best to worse)</h5>';
-                $output .= '<span style="color:mediumpurple">Like wow! How about a Scooby snack?</span><br />';
-                $output .= '<span style="color:deepskyblue">Like...no way man!</span><br />';
-                $output .= '<span style="color:limegreen">Like...groovy!</span><br />';
-                $output .= '<span style="color:gold">Ruh Oh</span><br />';
-                $output .= '<span style="color:darkorange">Zoinks!</span><br />';
-                $output .= '<span style="color:red">Like...HEEELLLP</span><br />';
-            }
-        }
-        if (! empty(Benchmark::$memory_usage)) {
-            $output .= $formatted
-                ? '<h5>Memory</h5>'
-                : "\nMemory";
-            foreach (Benchmark::$memory_usage as $label => $memory_usage) {
-                $output .= $formatted
-                    ? '<br />'
-                    : "\n";
-                $output .= "{$memory_usage} : {$label}";
-            }
-        }
-        if (empty($output)) {
-            return '';
-        }
-        $output = $formatted
-            ? '<div style="border:1px solid #dddddd; background-color:#ffffff;'
-              . (is_admin()
-                ? ' margin:2em 2em 2em 180px;'
-                : ' margin:2em;')
-              . ' padding:2em;">'
-              . '<h4>BENCHMARKING</h4>'
-              . $output
-              . '</div>'
-            : $output;
-        return $output;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $echo
-     * @param bool $formatted
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function displayResults($echo = true, $formatted = true)
-    {
-        $results = Benchmark::generateResults($formatted);
-        if ($echo) {
-            echo $results;
-            $results = '';
-        }
-        return $results;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $filepath
-     * @param bool   $formatted
-     * @param bool   $append
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function writeResultsToFile($filepath = '', $formatted = true, $append = true)
-    {
-        $filepath = ! empty($filepath) && is_readable(dirname($filepath))
-            ? $filepath
-            : '';
-        if( empty($filepath)) {
-            $filepath = EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'logs/benchmarking-' . date('Y-m-d') . '.html';
-        }
-        EEH_File::ensure_file_exists_and_is_writable($filepath);
-        file_put_contents(
-            $filepath,
-            "\n" . date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . Benchmark::generateResults($formatted),
-            $append ? FILE_APPEND | LOCK_EX : LOCK_EX
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a measure of memory bytes into the most logical units (eg kb, mb, etc)
-     *
-     * @param int $size
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function convert($size)
-    {
-        $unit = array('b', 'kb', 'mb', 'gb', 'tb', 'pb');
-        return round(
-            $size / pow(1024, $i = floor(log($size, 1024))),
-            2
-        ) . ' ' . $unit[absint($i)];
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $timer_name
-     * @param float  $total_time
-     * @param bool   $formatted
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function formatTime($timer_name, $total_time, $formatted = true)
-    {
-        $total_time *= 1000;
-        switch ($total_time) {
-            case $total_time > 12500 :
-                $color = 'red';
-                $bold = 'bold';
-                break;
-            case $total_time > 2500 :
-                $color = 'darkorange';
-                $bold = 'bold';
-                break;
-            case $total_time > 500 :
-                $color = 'gold';
-                $bold = 'bold';
-                break;
-            case $total_time > 100 :
-                $color = 'limegreen';
-                $bold = 'normal';
-                break;
-            case $total_time > 20 :
-                $color = 'deepskyblue';
-                $bold = 'normal';
-                break;
-            default :
-                $color = 'mediumpurple';
-                $bold = 'normal';
-                break;
-        }
-        return $formatted
-            ? '<span style="min-width: 10px; margin:0 1em; color:'
-               . $color
-               . '; font-weight:'
-               . $bold
-               . '; font-size:1.2em;">'
-               . str_pad(number_format($total_time, 3), 9, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT)
-               . '</span> '
-               . $timer_name
-            :  str_pad(number_format($total_time, 3), 9, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * array containing the start time for the timers
+	 */
+	private static $start_times;
+
+	/**
+	 * array containing all the timer'd times, which can be outputted via show_times()
+	 */
+	private static $times = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected static $memory_usage = array();
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * whether to benchmark code or not
+	 */
+	public static function doNotRun()
+	{
+		return ! WP_DEBUG || (defined('DOING_AJAX') && DOING_AJAX);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * resetTimes
+	 */
+	public static function resetTimes()
+	{
+		Benchmark::$times = array();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Add Benchmark::startTimer() before a block of code you want to measure the performance of
+	 *
+	 * @param null $timer_name
+	 */
+	public static function startTimer($timer_name = null)
+	{
+		if (Benchmark::doNotRun()) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$timer_name = $timer_name !== '' ? $timer_name : get_called_class();
+		Benchmark::$start_times[$timer_name] = microtime(true);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Add Benchmark::stopTimer() after a block of code you want to measure the performance of
+	 *
+	 * @param string $timer_name
+	 */
+	public static function stopTimer($timer_name = '')
+	{
+		if (Benchmark::doNotRun()) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$timer_name = $timer_name !== '' ? $timer_name : get_called_class();
+		if (isset(Benchmark::$start_times[$timer_name])) {
+			$start_time = Benchmark::$start_times[$timer_name];
+			unset(Benchmark::$start_times[$timer_name]);
+		} else {
+			$start_time = array_pop(Benchmark::$start_times);
+		}
+		Benchmark::$times[$timer_name] = number_format(microtime(true) - $start_time, 8);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Measure the memory usage by PHP so far.
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $label      The label to show for this time eg "Start of calling Some_Class::some_function"
+	 * @param boolean $output_now whether to echo now, or wait until EEH_Debug_Tools::show_times() is called
+	 * @param bool    $formatted
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function measureMemory($label = 'memory usage', $output_now = false, $formatted = true)
+	{
+		if (Benchmark::doNotRun()) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$memory_used = Benchmark::convert(memory_get_usage(true));
+		Benchmark::$memory_usage[$label] = $memory_used;
+		if ($output_now) {
+			echo $formatted
+				? "<br>{$label} : {$memory_used}"
+				: "\n {$label} : {$memory_used}";
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * will display the benchmarking results at shutdown
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $formatted
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function displayResultsAtShutdown($formatted = true)
+	{
+		add_action(
+			'shutdown',
+			function () use ($formatted) {
+				Benchmark::displayResults(true, $formatted);
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * will display the benchmarking results at shutdown
+	 *
+	 * @param string $filepath
+	 * @param bool   $formatted
+	 * @param bool   $append
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function writeResultsAtShutdown($filepath = '', $formatted = true, $append = true)
+	{
+		add_action(
+			'shutdown',
+			function () use ($filepath, $formatted, $append) {
+				Benchmark::writeResultsToFile($filepath, $formatted, $append);
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $formatted
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private static function generateResults($formatted = true)
+	{
+		if (Benchmark::doNotRun()) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		$output = '';
+		if (! empty(Benchmark::$times)) {
+			$total = 0;
+			$output .= $formatted
+				? '<span style="color:#999999; font-size:.8em;">( time in milliseconds )</span><br />'
+				: '';
+			foreach (Benchmark::$times as $timer_name => $total_time) {
+				$output .= Benchmark::formatTime($timer_name, $total_time, $formatted);
+				$output .= $formatted ? '<br />'  : "\n";
+				$total += $total_time;
+			}
+			if($formatted) {
+				$output .= '<br />';
+				$output .= '<h4>TOTAL TIME</h4>';
+				$output .= Benchmark::formatTime('', $total, $formatted);
+				$output .= '<span style="color:#999999; font-size:.8em;"> milliseconds</span><br />';
+				$output .= '<br />';
+				$output .= '<h5>Performance scale (from best to worse)</h5>';
+				$output .= '<span style="color:mediumpurple">Like wow! How about a Scooby snack?</span><br />';
+				$output .= '<span style="color:deepskyblue">Like...no way man!</span><br />';
+				$output .= '<span style="color:limegreen">Like...groovy!</span><br />';
+				$output .= '<span style="color:gold">Ruh Oh</span><br />';
+				$output .= '<span style="color:darkorange">Zoinks!</span><br />';
+				$output .= '<span style="color:red">Like...HEEELLLP</span><br />';
+			}
+		}
+		if (! empty(Benchmark::$memory_usage)) {
+			$output .= $formatted
+				? '<h5>Memory</h5>'
+				: "\nMemory";
+			foreach (Benchmark::$memory_usage as $label => $memory_usage) {
+				$output .= $formatted
+					? '<br />'
+					: "\n";
+				$output .= "{$memory_usage} : {$label}";
+			}
+		}
+		if (empty($output)) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		$output = $formatted
+			? '<div style="border:1px solid #dddddd; background-color:#ffffff;'
+			  . (is_admin()
+				? ' margin:2em 2em 2em 180px;'
+				: ' margin:2em;')
+			  . ' padding:2em;">'
+			  . '<h4>BENCHMARKING</h4>'
+			  . $output
+			  . '</div>'
+			: $output;
+		return $output;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $echo
+	 * @param bool $formatted
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function displayResults($echo = true, $formatted = true)
+	{
+		$results = Benchmark::generateResults($formatted);
+		if ($echo) {
+			echo $results;
+			$results = '';
+		}
+		return $results;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $filepath
+	 * @param bool   $formatted
+	 * @param bool   $append
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function writeResultsToFile($filepath = '', $formatted = true, $append = true)
+	{
+		$filepath = ! empty($filepath) && is_readable(dirname($filepath))
+			? $filepath
+			: '';
+		if( empty($filepath)) {
+			$filepath = EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'logs/benchmarking-' . date('Y-m-d') . '.html';
+		}
+		EEH_File::ensure_file_exists_and_is_writable($filepath);
+		file_put_contents(
+			$filepath,
+			"\n" . date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . Benchmark::generateResults($formatted),
+			$append ? FILE_APPEND | LOCK_EX : LOCK_EX
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts a measure of memory bytes into the most logical units (eg kb, mb, etc)
+	 *
+	 * @param int $size
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function convert($size)
+	{
+		$unit = array('b', 'kb', 'mb', 'gb', 'tb', 'pb');
+		return round(
+			$size / pow(1024, $i = floor(log($size, 1024))),
+			2
+		) . ' ' . $unit[absint($i)];
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $timer_name
+	 * @param float  $total_time
+	 * @param bool   $formatted
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function formatTime($timer_name, $total_time, $formatted = true)
+	{
+		$total_time *= 1000;
+		switch ($total_time) {
+			case $total_time > 12500 :
+				$color = 'red';
+				$bold = 'bold';
+				break;
+			case $total_time > 2500 :
+				$color = 'darkorange';
+				$bold = 'bold';
+				break;
+			case $total_time > 500 :
+				$color = 'gold';
+				$bold = 'bold';
+				break;
+			case $total_time > 100 :
+				$color = 'limegreen';
+				$bold = 'normal';
+				break;
+			case $total_time > 20 :
+				$color = 'deepskyblue';
+				$bold = 'normal';
+				break;
+			default :
+				$color = 'mediumpurple';
+				$bold = 'normal';
+				break;
+		}
+		return $formatted
+			? '<span style="min-width: 10px; margin:0 1em; color:'
+			   . $color
+			   . '; font-weight:'
+			   . $bold
+			   . '; font-size:1.2em;">'
+			   . str_pad(number_format($total_time, 3), 9, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT)
+			   . '</span> '
+			   . $timer_name
+			:  str_pad(number_format($total_time, 3), 9, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
+	}
 
 
 

Spacing +10 added lines, -10 removed lines

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ 
     {
         add_action(
             'shutdown',
-            function () use ($formatted) {
+            function() use ($formatted) {
                 Benchmark::displayResults(true, $formatted);
             }
         );
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ 
     {
         add_action(
             'shutdown',
-            function () use ($filepath, $formatted, $append) {
+            function() use ($filepath, $formatted, $append) {
                 Benchmark::writeResultsToFile($filepath, $formatted, $append);
             }
         );
@@ -167,17 +167,17 @@ 
             return '';
         }
         $output = '';
-        if (! empty(Benchmark::$times)) {
+        if ( ! empty(Benchmark::$times)) {
             $total = 0;
             $output .= $formatted
                 ? '<span style="color:#999999; font-size:.8em;">( time in milliseconds )</span><br />'
                 : '';
             foreach (Benchmark::$times as $timer_name => $total_time) {
                 $output .= Benchmark::formatTime($timer_name, $total_time, $formatted);
-                $output .= $formatted ? '<br />'  : "\n";
+                $output .= $formatted ? '<br />' : "\n";
                 $total += $total_time;
             }
-            if($formatted) {
+            if ($formatted) {
                 $output .= '<br />';
                 $output .= '<h4>TOTAL TIME</h4>';
                 $output .= Benchmark::formatTime('', $total, $formatted);
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ 
                 $output .= '<span style="color:red">Like...HEEELLLP</span><br />';
             }
         }
-        if (! empty(Benchmark::$memory_usage)) {
+        if ( ! empty(Benchmark::$memory_usage)) {
             $output .= $formatted
                 ? '<h5>Memory</h5>'
                 : "\nMemory";
@@ -248,13 +248,13 @@ 
         $filepath = ! empty($filepath) && is_readable(dirname($filepath))
             ? $filepath
             : '';
-        if( empty($filepath)) {
-            $filepath = EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'logs/benchmarking-' . date('Y-m-d') . '.html';
+        if (empty($filepath)) {
+            $filepath = EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR.'logs/benchmarking-'.date('Y-m-d').'.html';
         }
         EEH_File::ensure_file_exists_and_is_writable($filepath);
         file_put_contents(
             $filepath,
-            "\n" . date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . Benchmark::generateResults($formatted),
+            "\n".date('Y-m-d H:i:s').Benchmark::generateResults($formatted),
             $append ? FILE_APPEND | LOCK_EX : LOCK_EX
         );
     }
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ 
         return round(
             $size / pow(1024, $i = floor(log($size, 1024))),
             2
-        ) . ' ' . $unit[absint($i)];
+        ).' '.$unit[absint($i)];
     }
 
 

core/helpers/EEH_Activation.helper.php

Indentation +1581 added lines, -1581 removed lines

@@ -18,233 +18,233 @@ 
 class EEH_Activation implements ResettableInterface
 {
 
-    /**
-     * constant used to indicate a cron task is no longer in use
-     */
-    const cron_task_no_longer_in_use = 'no_longer_in_use';
-
-    /**
-     * WP_User->ID
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    private static $_default_creator_id;
-
-    /**
-     * indicates whether or not we've already verified core's default data during this request,
-     * because after migrations are done, any addons activated while in maintenance mode
-     * will want to setup their own default data, and they might hook into core's default data
-     * and trigger core to setup its default data. In which case they might all ask for core to init its default data.
-     * This prevents doing that for EVERY single addon.
-     *
-     * @var boolean
-     */
-    protected static $_initialized_db_content_already_in_this_request = false;
-
-    /**
-     * @var \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis $table_analysis
-     */
-    private static $table_analysis;
-
-    /**
-     * @var \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager $table_manager
-     */
-    private static $table_manager;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis
-     */
-    public static function getTableAnalysis()
-    {
-        if (! self::$table_analysis instanceof \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis) {
-            self::$table_analysis = EE_Registry::instance()->create('TableAnalysis', array(), true);
-        }
-        return self::$table_analysis;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager
-     */
-    public static function getTableManager()
-    {
-        if (! self::$table_manager instanceof \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager) {
-            self::$table_manager = EE_Registry::instance()->create('TableManager', array(), true);
-        }
-        return self::$table_manager;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    _ensure_table_name_has_prefix
-     *
-     * @deprecated instead use TableAnalysis::ensureTableNameHasPrefix()
-     * @access     public
-     * @static
-     * @param $table_name
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function ensure_table_name_has_prefix($table_name)
-    {
-        return \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->ensureTableNameHasPrefix($table_name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    system_initialization
-     *    ensures the EE configuration settings are loaded with at least default options set
-     *    and that all critical EE pages have been generated with the appropriate shortcodes in place
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function system_initialization()
-    {
-        EEH_Activation::reset_and_update_config();
-        //which is fired BEFORE activation of plugin anyways
-        EEH_Activation::verify_default_pages_exist();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the database schema and creates folders. This should
-     * be called on plugin activation and reactivation
-     *
-     * @return boolean success, whether the database and folders are setup properly
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function initialize_db_and_folders()
-    {
-        return EEH_Activation::create_database_tables();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * assuming we have an up-to-date database schema, this will populate it
-     * with default and initial data. This should be called
-     * upon activation of a new plugin, reactivation, and at the end
-     * of running migration scripts
-     *
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function initialize_db_content()
-    {
-        //let's avoid doing all this logic repeatedly, especially when addons are requesting it
-        if (EEH_Activation::$_initialized_db_content_already_in_this_request) {
-            return;
-        }
-        EEH_Activation::$_initialized_db_content_already_in_this_request = true;
-
-        EEH_Activation::initialize_system_questions();
-        EEH_Activation::insert_default_status_codes();
-        EEH_Activation::generate_default_message_templates();
-        EEH_Activation::create_no_ticket_prices_array();
-
-        EEH_Activation::validate_messages_system();
-        EEH_Activation::insert_default_payment_methods();
-        //in case we've
-        EEH_Activation::remove_cron_tasks();
-        EEH_Activation::create_cron_tasks();
-        // remove all TXN locks since that is being done via extra meta now
-        delete_option('ee_locked_transactions');
-        //also, check for CAF default db content
-        do_action('AHEE__EEH_Activation__initialize_db_content');
-        //also: EEM_Gateways::load_all_gateways() outputs a lot of success messages
-        //which users really won't care about on initial activation
-        EE_Error::overwrite_success();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns an array of cron tasks. Array values are the actions fired by the cron tasks (the "hooks"),
-     * values are the frequency (the "recurrence"). See http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/wp_schedule_event
-     * If the cron task should NO longer be used, it should have a value of EEH_Activation::cron_task_no_longer_in_use
-     * (null)
-     *
-     * @param string $which_to_include can be 'current' (ones that are currently in use),
-     *                                 'old' (only returns ones that should no longer be used),or 'all',
-     * @return array
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function get_cron_tasks($which_to_include)
-    {
-        $cron_tasks = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EEH_Activation__get_cron_tasks',
-            array(
-                'AHEE__EE_Cron_Tasks__clean_up_junk_transactions'      => 'hourly',
+	/**
+	 * constant used to indicate a cron task is no longer in use
+	 */
+	const cron_task_no_longer_in_use = 'no_longer_in_use';
+
+	/**
+	 * WP_User->ID
+	 *
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	private static $_default_creator_id;
+
+	/**
+	 * indicates whether or not we've already verified core's default data during this request,
+	 * because after migrations are done, any addons activated while in maintenance mode
+	 * will want to setup their own default data, and they might hook into core's default data
+	 * and trigger core to setup its default data. In which case they might all ask for core to init its default data.
+	 * This prevents doing that for EVERY single addon.
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	protected static $_initialized_db_content_already_in_this_request = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis $table_analysis
+	 */
+	private static $table_analysis;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager $table_manager
+	 */
+	private static $table_manager;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis
+	 */
+	public static function getTableAnalysis()
+	{
+		if (! self::$table_analysis instanceof \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis) {
+			self::$table_analysis = EE_Registry::instance()->create('TableAnalysis', array(), true);
+		}
+		return self::$table_analysis;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager
+	 */
+	public static function getTableManager()
+	{
+		if (! self::$table_manager instanceof \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager) {
+			self::$table_manager = EE_Registry::instance()->create('TableManager', array(), true);
+		}
+		return self::$table_manager;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    _ensure_table_name_has_prefix
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated instead use TableAnalysis::ensureTableNameHasPrefix()
+	 * @access     public
+	 * @static
+	 * @param $table_name
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function ensure_table_name_has_prefix($table_name)
+	{
+		return \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->ensureTableNameHasPrefix($table_name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    system_initialization
+	 *    ensures the EE configuration settings are loaded with at least default options set
+	 *    and that all critical EE pages have been generated with the appropriate shortcodes in place
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function system_initialization()
+	{
+		EEH_Activation::reset_and_update_config();
+		//which is fired BEFORE activation of plugin anyways
+		EEH_Activation::verify_default_pages_exist();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the database schema and creates folders. This should
+	 * be called on plugin activation and reactivation
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean success, whether the database and folders are setup properly
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function initialize_db_and_folders()
+	{
+		return EEH_Activation::create_database_tables();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * assuming we have an up-to-date database schema, this will populate it
+	 * with default and initial data. This should be called
+	 * upon activation of a new plugin, reactivation, and at the end
+	 * of running migration scripts
+	 *
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function initialize_db_content()
+	{
+		//let's avoid doing all this logic repeatedly, especially when addons are requesting it
+		if (EEH_Activation::$_initialized_db_content_already_in_this_request) {
+			return;
+		}
+		EEH_Activation::$_initialized_db_content_already_in_this_request = true;
+
+		EEH_Activation::initialize_system_questions();
+		EEH_Activation::insert_default_status_codes();
+		EEH_Activation::generate_default_message_templates();
+		EEH_Activation::create_no_ticket_prices_array();
+
+		EEH_Activation::validate_messages_system();
+		EEH_Activation::insert_default_payment_methods();
+		//in case we've
+		EEH_Activation::remove_cron_tasks();
+		EEH_Activation::create_cron_tasks();
+		// remove all TXN locks since that is being done via extra meta now
+		delete_option('ee_locked_transactions');
+		//also, check for CAF default db content
+		do_action('AHEE__EEH_Activation__initialize_db_content');
+		//also: EEM_Gateways::load_all_gateways() outputs a lot of success messages
+		//which users really won't care about on initial activation
+		EE_Error::overwrite_success();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns an array of cron tasks. Array values are the actions fired by the cron tasks (the "hooks"),
+	 * values are the frequency (the "recurrence"). See http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/wp_schedule_event
+	 * If the cron task should NO longer be used, it should have a value of EEH_Activation::cron_task_no_longer_in_use
+	 * (null)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $which_to_include can be 'current' (ones that are currently in use),
+	 *                                 'old' (only returns ones that should no longer be used),or 'all',
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function get_cron_tasks($which_to_include)
+	{
+		$cron_tasks = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EEH_Activation__get_cron_tasks',
+			array(
+				'AHEE__EE_Cron_Tasks__clean_up_junk_transactions'      => 'hourly',
 //				'AHEE__EE_Cron_Tasks__finalize_abandoned_transactions' => EEH_Activation::cron_task_no_longer_in_use, actually this is still in use
-                'AHEE__EE_Cron_Tasks__update_transaction_with_payment' => EEH_Activation::cron_task_no_longer_in_use,
-                //there may have been a bug which prevented from these cron tasks from getting unscheduled, so we might want to remove these for a few updates
-                'AHEE_EE_Cron_Tasks__clean_out_old_gateway_logs'       => 'daily',
-            )
-        );
-        if ($which_to_include === 'old') {
-            $cron_tasks = array_filter(
-                $cron_tasks,
-                function ($value) {
-                    return $value === EEH_Activation::cron_task_no_longer_in_use;
-                }
-            );
-        } elseif ($which_to_include === 'current') {
-            $cron_tasks = array_filter($cron_tasks);
-        } elseif (WP_DEBUG && $which_to_include !== 'all') {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        'Invalid argument of "%1$s" passed to EEH_Activation::get_cron_tasks. Valid values are "all", "old" and "current".',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $which_to_include
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $cron_tasks;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Ensure cron tasks are setup (the removal of crons should be done by remove_crons())
-     *
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function create_cron_tasks()
-    {
-
-        foreach (EEH_Activation::get_cron_tasks('current') as $hook_name => $frequency) {
-            if (! wp_next_scheduled($hook_name)) {
-                /**
-                 * This allows client code to define the initial start timestamp for this schedule.
-                 */
-                if (is_array($frequency)
-                    && count($frequency) === 2
-                    && isset($frequency[0], $frequency[1])
-                ) {
-                    $start_timestamp = $frequency[0];
-                    $frequency = $frequency[1];
-                } else {
-                    $start_timestamp = time();
-                }
-                wp_schedule_event($start_timestamp, $frequency, $hook_name);
-            }
-        }
-
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Remove the currently-existing and now-removed cron tasks.
-     *
-     * @param boolean $remove_all whether to only remove the old ones, or remove absolutely ALL the EE ones
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function remove_cron_tasks($remove_all = true)
-    {
-        $cron_tasks_to_remove = $remove_all ? 'all' : 'old';
-        $crons                = _get_cron_array();
-        $crons                = is_array($crons) ? $crons : array();
-        /* reminder of what $crons look like:
+				'AHEE__EE_Cron_Tasks__update_transaction_with_payment' => EEH_Activation::cron_task_no_longer_in_use,
+				//there may have been a bug which prevented from these cron tasks from getting unscheduled, so we might want to remove these for a few updates
+				'AHEE_EE_Cron_Tasks__clean_out_old_gateway_logs'       => 'daily',
+			)
+		);
+		if ($which_to_include === 'old') {
+			$cron_tasks = array_filter(
+				$cron_tasks,
+				function ($value) {
+					return $value === EEH_Activation::cron_task_no_longer_in_use;
+				}
+			);
+		} elseif ($which_to_include === 'current') {
+			$cron_tasks = array_filter($cron_tasks);
+		} elseif (WP_DEBUG && $which_to_include !== 'all') {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						'Invalid argument of "%1$s" passed to EEH_Activation::get_cron_tasks. Valid values are "all", "old" and "current".',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$which_to_include
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $cron_tasks;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Ensure cron tasks are setup (the removal of crons should be done by remove_crons())
+	 *
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function create_cron_tasks()
+	{
+
+		foreach (EEH_Activation::get_cron_tasks('current') as $hook_name => $frequency) {
+			if (! wp_next_scheduled($hook_name)) {
+				/**
+				 * This allows client code to define the initial start timestamp for this schedule.
+				 */
+				if (is_array($frequency)
+					&& count($frequency) === 2
+					&& isset($frequency[0], $frequency[1])
+				) {
+					$start_timestamp = $frequency[0];
+					$frequency = $frequency[1];
+				} else {
+					$start_timestamp = time();
+				}
+				wp_schedule_event($start_timestamp, $frequency, $hook_name);
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Remove the currently-existing and now-removed cron tasks.
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $remove_all whether to only remove the old ones, or remove absolutely ALL the EE ones
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function remove_cron_tasks($remove_all = true)
+	{
+		$cron_tasks_to_remove = $remove_all ? 'all' : 'old';
+		$crons                = _get_cron_array();
+		$crons                = is_array($crons) ? $crons : array();
+		/* reminder of what $crons look like:
          * Top-level keys are timestamps, and their values are arrays.
          * The 2nd level arrays have keys with each of the cron task hook names to run at that time
          * and their values are arrays.
@@ -261,911 +261,911 @@ 
          *					...
          *      ...
          */
-        $ee_cron_tasks_to_remove = EEH_Activation::get_cron_tasks($cron_tasks_to_remove);
-        foreach ($crons as $timestamp => $hooks_to_fire_at_time) {
-            if (is_array($hooks_to_fire_at_time)) {
-                foreach ($hooks_to_fire_at_time as $hook_name => $hook_actions) {
-                    if (isset($ee_cron_tasks_to_remove[$hook_name])
-                        && is_array($ee_cron_tasks_to_remove[$hook_name])
-                    ) {
-                        unset($crons[$timestamp][$hook_name]);
-                    }
-                }
-                //also take care of any empty cron timestamps.
-                if (empty($hooks_to_fire_at_time)) {
-                    unset($crons[$timestamp]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        _set_cron_array($crons);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    CPT_initialization
-     *    registers all EE CPTs ( Custom Post Types ) then flushes rewrite rules so that all endpoints exist
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function CPT_initialization()
-    {
-        // register Custom Post Types
-        EE_Registry::instance()->load_core('Register_CPTs');
-        flush_rewrite_rules();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    reset_and_update_config
-     * The following code was moved over from EE_Config so that it will no longer run on every request.
-     * If there is old calendar config data saved, then it will get converted on activation.
-     * This was basically a DMS before we had DMS's, and will get removed after a few more versions.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function reset_and_update_config()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Config___load_core_config__start', array('EEH_Activation', 'load_calendar_config'));
-        add_filter(
-            'FHEE__EE_Config___load_core_config__config_settings',
-            array('EEH_Activation', 'migrate_old_config_data'),
-            10,
-            3
-        );
-        //EE_Config::reset();
-        if (! EE_Config::logging_enabled()) {
-            delete_option(EE_Config::LOG_NAME);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    load_calendar_config
-     *
-     * @access    public
-     * @return    void
-     */
-    public static function load_calendar_config()
-    {
-        // grab array of all plugin folders and loop thru it
-        $plugins = glob(WP_PLUGIN_DIR . DS . '*', GLOB_ONLYDIR);
-        if (empty($plugins)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        foreach ($plugins as $plugin_path) {
-            // grab plugin folder name from path
-            $plugin = basename($plugin_path);
-            // drill down to Espresso plugins
-            // then to calendar related plugins
-            if (
-                strpos($plugin, 'espresso') !== false
-                || strpos($plugin, 'Espresso') !== false
-                || strpos($plugin, 'ee4') !== false
-                || strpos($plugin, 'EE4') !== false
-                || strpos($plugin, 'calendar') !== false
-            ) {
-                // this is what we are looking for
-                $calendar_config = $plugin_path . DS . 'EE_Calendar_Config.php';
-                // does it exist in this folder ?
-                if (is_readable($calendar_config)) {
-                    // YEAH! let's load it
-                    require_once($calendar_config);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    _migrate_old_config_data
-     *
-     * @access    public
-     * @param array|stdClass $settings
-     * @param string         $config
-     * @param \EE_Config     $EE_Config
-     * @return \stdClass
-     */
-    public static function migrate_old_config_data($settings = array(), $config = '', EE_Config $EE_Config)
-    {
-        $convert_from_array = array('addons');
-        // in case old settings were saved as an array
-        if (is_array($settings) && in_array($config, $convert_from_array)) {
-            // convert existing settings to an object
-            $config_array = $settings;
-            $settings = new stdClass();
-            foreach ($config_array as $key => $value) {
-                if ($key === 'calendar' && class_exists('EE_Calendar_Config')) {
-                    $EE_Config->set_config('addons', 'EE_Calendar', 'EE_Calendar_Config', $value);
-                } else {
-                    $settings->{$key} = $value;
-                }
-            }
-            add_filter('FHEE__EE_Config___load_core_config__update_espresso_config', '__return_true');
-        }
-        return $settings;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * deactivate_event_espresso
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function deactivate_event_espresso()
-    {
-        // check permissions
-        if (current_user_can('activate_plugins')) {
-            deactivate_plugins(EE_PLUGIN_BASENAME, true);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * verify_default_pages_exist
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     */
-    public static function verify_default_pages_exist()
-    {
-        $critical_page_problem = false;
-        $critical_pages = array(
-            array(
-                'id'   => 'reg_page_id',
-                'name' => __('Registration Checkout', 'event_espresso'),
-                'post' => null,
-                'code' => 'ESPRESSO_CHECKOUT',
-            ),
-            array(
-                'id'   => 'txn_page_id',
-                'name' => __('Transactions', 'event_espresso'),
-                'post' => null,
-                'code' => 'ESPRESSO_TXN_PAGE',
-            ),
-            array(
-                'id'   => 'thank_you_page_id',
-                'name' => __('Thank You', 'event_espresso'),
-                'post' => null,
-                'code' => 'ESPRESSO_THANK_YOU',
-            ),
-            array(
-                'id'   => 'cancel_page_id',
-                'name' => __('Registration Cancelled', 'event_espresso'),
-                'post' => null,
-                'code' => 'ESPRESSO_CANCELLED',
-            ),
-        );
-        $EE_Core_Config = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->core;
-        foreach ($critical_pages as $critical_page) {
-            // is critical page ID set in config ?
-            if ($EE_Core_Config->{$critical_page['id']} !== false) {
-                // attempt to find post by ID
-                $critical_page['post'] = get_post($EE_Core_Config->{$critical_page['id']});
-            }
-            // no dice?
-            if ($critical_page['post'] === null) {
-                // attempt to find post by title
-                $critical_page['post'] = self::get_page_by_ee_shortcode($critical_page['code']);
-                // still nothing?
-                if ($critical_page['post'] === null) {
-                    $critical_page = EEH_Activation::create_critical_page($critical_page);
-                    // REALLY? Still nothing ??!?!?
-                    if ($critical_page['post'] === null) {
-                        $msg = __(
-                            'The Event Espresso critical page configuration settings could not be updated.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        );
-                        EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            // check that Post ID matches critical page ID in config
-            if (
-                isset($critical_page['post']->ID)
-                && $critical_page['post']->ID !== $EE_Core_Config->{$critical_page['id']}
-            ) {
-                //update Config with post ID
-                $EE_Core_Config->{$critical_page['id']} = $critical_page['post']->ID;
-                if (! EE_Config::instance()->update_espresso_config(false, false)) {
-                    $msg = __(
-                        'The Event Espresso critical page configuration settings could not be updated.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    );
-                    EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-                }
-            }
-            $critical_page_problem =
-                ! isset($critical_page['post']->post_status)
-                || $critical_page['post']->post_status !== 'publish'
-                || strpos($critical_page['post']->post_content, $critical_page['code']) === false
-                    ? true
-                    : $critical_page_problem;
-        }
-        if ($critical_page_problem) {
-            new PersistentAdminNotice(
-                'critical_page_problem',
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'A potential issue has been detected with one or more of your Event Espresso pages. Go to %s to view your Event Espresso pages.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    '<a href="' . admin_url('admin.php?page=espresso_general_settings&action=critical_pages') . '">'
-                    . __('Event Espresso Critical Pages Settings', 'event_espresso')
-                    . '</a>'
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if (EE_Error::has_notices()) {
-            EE_Error::get_notices(false, true, true);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the first post which uses the specified shortcode
-     *
-     * @param string $ee_shortcode usually one of the critical pages shortcodes, eg
-     *                             ESPRESSO_THANK_YOU. So we will search fora post with the content
-     *                             "[ESPRESSO_THANK_YOU"
-     *                             (we don't search for the closing shortcode bracket because they might have added
-     *                             parameter to the shortcode
-     * @return WP_Post or NULl
-     */
-    public static function get_page_by_ee_shortcode($ee_shortcode)
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        $shortcode_and_opening_bracket = '[' . $ee_shortcode;
-        $post_id = $wpdb->get_var("SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_content LIKE '%$shortcode_and_opening_bracket%' LIMIT 1");
-        if ($post_id) {
-            return get_post($post_id);
-        } else {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    This function generates a post for critical espresso pages
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @param array $critical_page
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function create_critical_page($critical_page)
-    {
-
-        $post_args = array(
-            'post_title'     => $critical_page['name'],
-            'post_status'    => 'publish',
-            'post_type'      => 'page',
-            'comment_status' => 'closed',
-            'post_content'   => '[' . $critical_page['code'] . ']',
-        );
-
-        $post_id = wp_insert_post($post_args);
-        if (! $post_id) {
-            $msg = sprintf(
-                __('The Event Espresso  critical page entitled "%s" could not be created.', 'event_espresso'),
-                $critical_page['name']
-            );
-            EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return $critical_page;
-        }
-        // get newly created post's details
-        if (! $critical_page['post'] = get_post($post_id)) {
-            $msg = sprintf(
-                __('The Event Espresso critical page entitled "%s" could not be retrieved.', 'event_espresso'),
-                $critical_page['name']
-            );
-            EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-        }
-
-        return $critical_page;
-
-    }
-
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Tries to find the oldest admin for this site.  If there are no admins for this site then return NULL.
-     * The role being used to check is filterable.
-     *
-     * @since  4.6.0
-     * @global WPDB $wpdb
-     * @return mixed null|int WP_user ID or NULL
-     */
-    public static function get_default_creator_id()
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        if ( ! empty(self::$_default_creator_id)) {
-            return self::$_default_creator_id;
-        }/**/
-        $role_to_check = apply_filters('FHEE__EEH_Activation__get_default_creator_id__role_to_check', 'administrator');
-        //let's allow pre_filtering for early exits by alternative methods for getting id.  We check for truthy result and if so then exit early.
-        $pre_filtered_id = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EEH_Activation__get_default_creator_id__pre_filtered_id',
-            false,
-            $role_to_check
-        );
-        if ($pre_filtered_id !== false) {
-            return (int)$pre_filtered_id;
-        }
-        $capabilities_key = \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->ensureTableNameHasPrefix('capabilities');
-        $query = $wpdb->prepare(
-            "SELECT user_id FROM $wpdb->usermeta WHERE meta_key = '$capabilities_key' AND meta_value LIKE %s ORDER BY user_id ASC LIMIT 0,1",
-            '%' . $role_to_check . '%'
-        );
-        $user_id = $wpdb->get_var($query);
-        $user_id = apply_filters('FHEE__EEH_Activation_Helper__get_default_creator_id__user_id', $user_id);
-        if ($user_id && (int)$user_id) {
-            self::$_default_creator_id = (int)$user_id;
-            return self::$_default_creator_id;
-        } else {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * used by EE and EE addons during plugin activation to create tables.
-     * Its a wrapper for EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager::createTable,
-     * but includes extra logic regarding activations.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @param string  $table_name              without the $wpdb->prefix
-     * @param string  $sql                     SQL for creating the table (contents between brackets in an SQL create
-     *                                         table query)
-     * @param string  $engine                  like 'ENGINE=MyISAM' or 'ENGINE=InnoDB'
-     * @param boolean $drop_pre_existing_table set to TRUE when you want to make SURE the table is completely empty
-     *                                         and new once this function is done (ie, you really do want to CREATE a
-     *                                         table, and expect it to be empty once you're done) leave as FALSE when
-     *                                         you just want to verify the table exists and matches this definition
-     *                                         (and if it HAS data in it you want to leave it be)
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error if there are database errors
-     */
-    public static function create_table($table_name, $sql, $engine = 'ENGINE=MyISAM ', $drop_pre_existing_table = false)
-    {
-        if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEH_Activation__create_table__short_circuit', false, $table_name, $sql)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
-        if ( ! function_exists('dbDelta')) {
-            require_once(ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php');
-        }
-        $tableAnalysis = \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis();
-        $wp_table_name = $tableAnalysis->ensureTableNameHasPrefix($table_name);
-        // do we need to first delete an existing version of this table ?
-        if ($drop_pre_existing_table && $tableAnalysis->tableExists($wp_table_name)) {
-            // ok, delete the table... but ONLY if it's empty
-            $deleted_safely = EEH_Activation::delete_db_table_if_empty($wp_table_name);
-            // table is NOT empty, are you SURE you want to delete this table ???
-            if ( ! $deleted_safely && defined('EE_DROP_BAD_TABLES') && EE_DROP_BAD_TABLES) {
-                \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropTable($wp_table_name);
-            } else if ( ! $deleted_safely) {
-                // so we should be more cautious rather than just dropping tables so easily
-                error_log(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            'It appears that database table "%1$s" exists when it shouldn\'t, and therefore may contain erroneous data. If you have previously restored your database from a backup that didn\'t remove the old tables, then we recommend: %2$s 1. create a new COMPLETE backup of your database, %2$s 2. delete ALL tables from your database, %2$s 3. restore to your previous backup. %2$s If, however, you have not restored to a backup, then somehow your "%3$s" WordPress option could not be read. You can probably ignore this message, but should investigate why that option is being removed.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $wp_table_name,
-                        '<br/>',
-                        'espresso_db_update'
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        $engine = str_replace('ENGINE=', '', $engine);
-        \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->createTable($table_name, $sql, $engine);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    add_column_if_it_doesn't_exist
-     *    Checks if this column already exists on the specified table. Handy for addons which want to add a column
-     *
-     * @access     public
-     * @static
-     * @deprecated instead use TableManager::addColumn()
-     * @param string $table_name  (without "wp_", eg "esp_attendee"
-     * @param string $column_name
-     * @param string $column_info if your SQL were 'ALTER TABLE table_name ADD price VARCHAR(10)', this would be
-     *                            'VARCHAR(10)'
-     * @return bool|int
-     */
-    public static function add_column_if_it_doesnt_exist(
-        $table_name,
-        $column_name,
-        $column_info = 'INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL'
-    ) {
-        return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->addColumn($table_name, $column_name, $column_info);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get_fields_on_table
-     * Gets all the fields on the database table.
-     *
-     * @access     public
-     * @deprecated instead use TableManager::getTableColumns()
-     * @static
-     * @param string $table_name , without prefixed $wpdb->prefix
-     * @return array of database column names
-     */
-    public static function get_fields_on_table($table_name = null)
-    {
-        return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->getTableColumns($table_name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * db_table_is_empty
-     *
-     * @access     public\
-     * @deprecated instead use TableAnalysis::tableIsEmpty()
-     * @static
-     * @param string $table_name
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public static function db_table_is_empty($table_name)
-    {
-        return \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->tableIsEmpty($table_name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * delete_db_table_if_empty
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @param string $table_name
-     * @return bool | int
-     */
-    public static function delete_db_table_if_empty($table_name)
-    {
-        if (\EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->tableIsEmpty($table_name)) {
-            return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropTable($table_name);
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * delete_unused_db_table
-     *
-     * @access     public
-     * @static
-     * @deprecated instead use TableManager::dropTable()
-     * @param string $table_name
-     * @return bool | int
-     */
-    public static function delete_unused_db_table($table_name)
-    {
-        return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropTable($table_name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * drop_index
-     *
-     * @access     public
-     * @static
-     * @deprecated instead use TableManager::dropIndex()
-     * @param string $table_name
-     * @param string $index_name
-     * @return bool | int
-     */
-    public static function drop_index($table_name, $index_name)
-    {
-        return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropIndex($table_name, $index_name);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * create_database_tables
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return boolean success (whether database is setup properly or not)
-     */
-    public static function create_database_tables()
-    {
-        EE_Registry::instance()->load_core('Data_Migration_Manager');
-        //find the migration script that sets the database to be compatible with the code
-        $dms_name = EE_Data_Migration_Manager::instance()->get_most_up_to_date_dms();
-        if ($dms_name) {
-            $current_data_migration_script = EE_Registry::instance()->load_dms($dms_name);
-            $current_data_migration_script->set_migrating(false);
-            $current_data_migration_script->schema_changes_before_migration();
-            $current_data_migration_script->schema_changes_after_migration();
-            if ($current_data_migration_script->get_errors()) {
-                if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                    foreach ($current_data_migration_script->get_errors() as $error) {
-                        EE_Error::add_error($error, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    EE_Error::add_error(
-                        __(
-                            'There were errors creating the Event Espresso database tables and Event Espresso has been 
+		$ee_cron_tasks_to_remove = EEH_Activation::get_cron_tasks($cron_tasks_to_remove);
+		foreach ($crons as $timestamp => $hooks_to_fire_at_time) {
+			if (is_array($hooks_to_fire_at_time)) {
+				foreach ($hooks_to_fire_at_time as $hook_name => $hook_actions) {
+					if (isset($ee_cron_tasks_to_remove[$hook_name])
+						&& is_array($ee_cron_tasks_to_remove[$hook_name])
+					) {
+						unset($crons[$timestamp][$hook_name]);
+					}
+				}
+				//also take care of any empty cron timestamps.
+				if (empty($hooks_to_fire_at_time)) {
+					unset($crons[$timestamp]);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		_set_cron_array($crons);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    CPT_initialization
+	 *    registers all EE CPTs ( Custom Post Types ) then flushes rewrite rules so that all endpoints exist
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function CPT_initialization()
+	{
+		// register Custom Post Types
+		EE_Registry::instance()->load_core('Register_CPTs');
+		flush_rewrite_rules();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    reset_and_update_config
+	 * The following code was moved over from EE_Config so that it will no longer run on every request.
+	 * If there is old calendar config data saved, then it will get converted on activation.
+	 * This was basically a DMS before we had DMS's, and will get removed after a few more versions.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function reset_and_update_config()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Config___load_core_config__start', array('EEH_Activation', 'load_calendar_config'));
+		add_filter(
+			'FHEE__EE_Config___load_core_config__config_settings',
+			array('EEH_Activation', 'migrate_old_config_data'),
+			10,
+			3
+		);
+		//EE_Config::reset();
+		if (! EE_Config::logging_enabled()) {
+			delete_option(EE_Config::LOG_NAME);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    load_calendar_config
+	 *
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @return    void
+	 */
+	public static function load_calendar_config()
+	{
+		// grab array of all plugin folders and loop thru it
+		$plugins = glob(WP_PLUGIN_DIR . DS . '*', GLOB_ONLYDIR);
+		if (empty($plugins)) {
+			return;
+		}
+		foreach ($plugins as $plugin_path) {
+			// grab plugin folder name from path
+			$plugin = basename($plugin_path);
+			// drill down to Espresso plugins
+			// then to calendar related plugins
+			if (
+				strpos($plugin, 'espresso') !== false
+				|| strpos($plugin, 'Espresso') !== false
+				|| strpos($plugin, 'ee4') !== false
+				|| strpos($plugin, 'EE4') !== false
+				|| strpos($plugin, 'calendar') !== false
+			) {
+				// this is what we are looking for
+				$calendar_config = $plugin_path . DS . 'EE_Calendar_Config.php';
+				// does it exist in this folder ?
+				if (is_readable($calendar_config)) {
+					// YEAH! let's load it
+					require_once($calendar_config);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    _migrate_old_config_data
+	 *
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @param array|stdClass $settings
+	 * @param string         $config
+	 * @param \EE_Config     $EE_Config
+	 * @return \stdClass
+	 */
+	public static function migrate_old_config_data($settings = array(), $config = '', EE_Config $EE_Config)
+	{
+		$convert_from_array = array('addons');
+		// in case old settings were saved as an array
+		if (is_array($settings) && in_array($config, $convert_from_array)) {
+			// convert existing settings to an object
+			$config_array = $settings;
+			$settings = new stdClass();
+			foreach ($config_array as $key => $value) {
+				if ($key === 'calendar' && class_exists('EE_Calendar_Config')) {
+					$EE_Config->set_config('addons', 'EE_Calendar', 'EE_Calendar_Config', $value);
+				} else {
+					$settings->{$key} = $value;
+				}
+			}
+			add_filter('FHEE__EE_Config___load_core_config__update_espresso_config', '__return_true');
+		}
+		return $settings;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * deactivate_event_espresso
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function deactivate_event_espresso()
+	{
+		// check permissions
+		if (current_user_can('activate_plugins')) {
+			deactivate_plugins(EE_PLUGIN_BASENAME, true);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * verify_default_pages_exist
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 */
+	public static function verify_default_pages_exist()
+	{
+		$critical_page_problem = false;
+		$critical_pages = array(
+			array(
+				'id'   => 'reg_page_id',
+				'name' => __('Registration Checkout', 'event_espresso'),
+				'post' => null,
+				'code' => 'ESPRESSO_CHECKOUT',
+			),
+			array(
+				'id'   => 'txn_page_id',
+				'name' => __('Transactions', 'event_espresso'),
+				'post' => null,
+				'code' => 'ESPRESSO_TXN_PAGE',
+			),
+			array(
+				'id'   => 'thank_you_page_id',
+				'name' => __('Thank You', 'event_espresso'),
+				'post' => null,
+				'code' => 'ESPRESSO_THANK_YOU',
+			),
+			array(
+				'id'   => 'cancel_page_id',
+				'name' => __('Registration Cancelled', 'event_espresso'),
+				'post' => null,
+				'code' => 'ESPRESSO_CANCELLED',
+			),
+		);
+		$EE_Core_Config = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->core;
+		foreach ($critical_pages as $critical_page) {
+			// is critical page ID set in config ?
+			if ($EE_Core_Config->{$critical_page['id']} !== false) {
+				// attempt to find post by ID
+				$critical_page['post'] = get_post($EE_Core_Config->{$critical_page['id']});
+			}
+			// no dice?
+			if ($critical_page['post'] === null) {
+				// attempt to find post by title
+				$critical_page['post'] = self::get_page_by_ee_shortcode($critical_page['code']);
+				// still nothing?
+				if ($critical_page['post'] === null) {
+					$critical_page = EEH_Activation::create_critical_page($critical_page);
+					// REALLY? Still nothing ??!?!?
+					if ($critical_page['post'] === null) {
+						$msg = __(
+							'The Event Espresso critical page configuration settings could not be updated.',
+							'event_espresso'
+						);
+						EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			// check that Post ID matches critical page ID in config
+			if (
+				isset($critical_page['post']->ID)
+				&& $critical_page['post']->ID !== $EE_Core_Config->{$critical_page['id']}
+			) {
+				//update Config with post ID
+				$EE_Core_Config->{$critical_page['id']} = $critical_page['post']->ID;
+				if (! EE_Config::instance()->update_espresso_config(false, false)) {
+					$msg = __(
+						'The Event Espresso critical page configuration settings could not be updated.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					);
+					EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+				}
+			}
+			$critical_page_problem =
+				! isset($critical_page['post']->post_status)
+				|| $critical_page['post']->post_status !== 'publish'
+				|| strpos($critical_page['post']->post_content, $critical_page['code']) === false
+					? true
+					: $critical_page_problem;
+		}
+		if ($critical_page_problem) {
+			new PersistentAdminNotice(
+				'critical_page_problem',
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'A potential issue has been detected with one or more of your Event Espresso pages. Go to %s to view your Event Espresso pages.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					'<a href="' . admin_url('admin.php?page=espresso_general_settings&action=critical_pages') . '">'
+					. __('Event Espresso Critical Pages Settings', 'event_espresso')
+					. '</a>'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if (EE_Error::has_notices()) {
+			EE_Error::get_notices(false, true, true);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the first post which uses the specified shortcode
+	 *
+	 * @param string $ee_shortcode usually one of the critical pages shortcodes, eg
+	 *                             ESPRESSO_THANK_YOU. So we will search fora post with the content
+	 *                             "[ESPRESSO_THANK_YOU"
+	 *                             (we don't search for the closing shortcode bracket because they might have added
+	 *                             parameter to the shortcode
+	 * @return WP_Post or NULl
+	 */
+	public static function get_page_by_ee_shortcode($ee_shortcode)
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		$shortcode_and_opening_bracket = '[' . $ee_shortcode;
+		$post_id = $wpdb->get_var("SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_content LIKE '%$shortcode_and_opening_bracket%' LIMIT 1");
+		if ($post_id) {
+			return get_post($post_id);
+		} else {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    This function generates a post for critical espresso pages
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @param array $critical_page
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function create_critical_page($critical_page)
+	{
+
+		$post_args = array(
+			'post_title'     => $critical_page['name'],
+			'post_status'    => 'publish',
+			'post_type'      => 'page',
+			'comment_status' => 'closed',
+			'post_content'   => '[' . $critical_page['code'] . ']',
+		);
+
+		$post_id = wp_insert_post($post_args);
+		if (! $post_id) {
+			$msg = sprintf(
+				__('The Event Espresso  critical page entitled "%s" could not be created.', 'event_espresso'),
+				$critical_page['name']
+			);
+			EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return $critical_page;
+		}
+		// get newly created post's details
+		if (! $critical_page['post'] = get_post($post_id)) {
+			$msg = sprintf(
+				__('The Event Espresso critical page entitled "%s" could not be retrieved.', 'event_espresso'),
+				$critical_page['name']
+			);
+			EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+		}
+
+		return $critical_page;
+
+	}
+
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Tries to find the oldest admin for this site.  If there are no admins for this site then return NULL.
+	 * The role being used to check is filterable.
+	 *
+	 * @since  4.6.0
+	 * @global WPDB $wpdb
+	 * @return mixed null|int WP_user ID or NULL
+	 */
+	public static function get_default_creator_id()
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		if ( ! empty(self::$_default_creator_id)) {
+			return self::$_default_creator_id;
+		}/**/
+		$role_to_check = apply_filters('FHEE__EEH_Activation__get_default_creator_id__role_to_check', 'administrator');
+		//let's allow pre_filtering for early exits by alternative methods for getting id.  We check for truthy result and if so then exit early.
+		$pre_filtered_id = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EEH_Activation__get_default_creator_id__pre_filtered_id',
+			false,
+			$role_to_check
+		);
+		if ($pre_filtered_id !== false) {
+			return (int)$pre_filtered_id;
+		}
+		$capabilities_key = \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->ensureTableNameHasPrefix('capabilities');
+		$query = $wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT user_id FROM $wpdb->usermeta WHERE meta_key = '$capabilities_key' AND meta_value LIKE %s ORDER BY user_id ASC LIMIT 0,1",
+			'%' . $role_to_check . '%'
+		);
+		$user_id = $wpdb->get_var($query);
+		$user_id = apply_filters('FHEE__EEH_Activation_Helper__get_default_creator_id__user_id', $user_id);
+		if ($user_id && (int)$user_id) {
+			self::$_default_creator_id = (int)$user_id;
+			return self::$_default_creator_id;
+		} else {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * used by EE and EE addons during plugin activation to create tables.
+	 * Its a wrapper for EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager::createTable,
+	 * but includes extra logic regarding activations.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @param string  $table_name              without the $wpdb->prefix
+	 * @param string  $sql                     SQL for creating the table (contents between brackets in an SQL create
+	 *                                         table query)
+	 * @param string  $engine                  like 'ENGINE=MyISAM' or 'ENGINE=InnoDB'
+	 * @param boolean $drop_pre_existing_table set to TRUE when you want to make SURE the table is completely empty
+	 *                                         and new once this function is done (ie, you really do want to CREATE a
+	 *                                         table, and expect it to be empty once you're done) leave as FALSE when
+	 *                                         you just want to verify the table exists and matches this definition
+	 *                                         (and if it HAS data in it you want to leave it be)
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error if there are database errors
+	 */
+	public static function create_table($table_name, $sql, $engine = 'ENGINE=MyISAM ', $drop_pre_existing_table = false)
+	{
+		if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEH_Activation__create_table__short_circuit', false, $table_name, $sql)) {
+			return;
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
+		if ( ! function_exists('dbDelta')) {
+			require_once(ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php');
+		}
+		$tableAnalysis = \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis();
+		$wp_table_name = $tableAnalysis->ensureTableNameHasPrefix($table_name);
+		// do we need to first delete an existing version of this table ?
+		if ($drop_pre_existing_table && $tableAnalysis->tableExists($wp_table_name)) {
+			// ok, delete the table... but ONLY if it's empty
+			$deleted_safely = EEH_Activation::delete_db_table_if_empty($wp_table_name);
+			// table is NOT empty, are you SURE you want to delete this table ???
+			if ( ! $deleted_safely && defined('EE_DROP_BAD_TABLES') && EE_DROP_BAD_TABLES) {
+				\EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropTable($wp_table_name);
+			} else if ( ! $deleted_safely) {
+				// so we should be more cautious rather than just dropping tables so easily
+				error_log(
+					sprintf(
+						__(
+							'It appears that database table "%1$s" exists when it shouldn\'t, and therefore may contain erroneous data. If you have previously restored your database from a backup that didn\'t remove the old tables, then we recommend: %2$s 1. create a new COMPLETE backup of your database, %2$s 2. delete ALL tables from your database, %2$s 3. restore to your previous backup. %2$s If, however, you have not restored to a backup, then somehow your "%3$s" WordPress option could not be read. You can probably ignore this message, but should investigate why that option is being removed.',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$wp_table_name,
+						'<br/>',
+						'espresso_db_update'
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		$engine = str_replace('ENGINE=', '', $engine);
+		\EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->createTable($table_name, $sql, $engine);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    add_column_if_it_doesn't_exist
+	 *    Checks if this column already exists on the specified table. Handy for addons which want to add a column
+	 *
+	 * @access     public
+	 * @static
+	 * @deprecated instead use TableManager::addColumn()
+	 * @param string $table_name  (without "wp_", eg "esp_attendee"
+	 * @param string $column_name
+	 * @param string $column_info if your SQL were 'ALTER TABLE table_name ADD price VARCHAR(10)', this would be
+	 *                            'VARCHAR(10)'
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 */
+	public static function add_column_if_it_doesnt_exist(
+		$table_name,
+		$column_name,
+		$column_info = 'INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL'
+	) {
+		return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->addColumn($table_name, $column_name, $column_info);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get_fields_on_table
+	 * Gets all the fields on the database table.
+	 *
+	 * @access     public
+	 * @deprecated instead use TableManager::getTableColumns()
+	 * @static
+	 * @param string $table_name , without prefixed $wpdb->prefix
+	 * @return array of database column names
+	 */
+	public static function get_fields_on_table($table_name = null)
+	{
+		return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->getTableColumns($table_name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * db_table_is_empty
+	 *
+	 * @access     public\
+	 * @deprecated instead use TableAnalysis::tableIsEmpty()
+	 * @static
+	 * @param string $table_name
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public static function db_table_is_empty($table_name)
+	{
+		return \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->tableIsEmpty($table_name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * delete_db_table_if_empty
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @param string $table_name
+	 * @return bool | int
+	 */
+	public static function delete_db_table_if_empty($table_name)
+	{
+		if (\EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->tableIsEmpty($table_name)) {
+			return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropTable($table_name);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * delete_unused_db_table
+	 *
+	 * @access     public
+	 * @static
+	 * @deprecated instead use TableManager::dropTable()
+	 * @param string $table_name
+	 * @return bool | int
+	 */
+	public static function delete_unused_db_table($table_name)
+	{
+		return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropTable($table_name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * drop_index
+	 *
+	 * @access     public
+	 * @static
+	 * @deprecated instead use TableManager::dropIndex()
+	 * @param string $table_name
+	 * @param string $index_name
+	 * @return bool | int
+	 */
+	public static function drop_index($table_name, $index_name)
+	{
+		return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropIndex($table_name, $index_name);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * create_database_tables
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return boolean success (whether database is setup properly or not)
+	 */
+	public static function create_database_tables()
+	{
+		EE_Registry::instance()->load_core('Data_Migration_Manager');
+		//find the migration script that sets the database to be compatible with the code
+		$dms_name = EE_Data_Migration_Manager::instance()->get_most_up_to_date_dms();
+		if ($dms_name) {
+			$current_data_migration_script = EE_Registry::instance()->load_dms($dms_name);
+			$current_data_migration_script->set_migrating(false);
+			$current_data_migration_script->schema_changes_before_migration();
+			$current_data_migration_script->schema_changes_after_migration();
+			if ($current_data_migration_script->get_errors()) {
+				if (WP_DEBUG) {
+					foreach ($current_data_migration_script->get_errors() as $error) {
+						EE_Error::add_error($error, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+					}
+				} else {
+					EE_Error::add_error(
+						__(
+							'There were errors creating the Event Espresso database tables and Event Espresso has been 
                             deactivated. To view the errors, please enable WP_DEBUG in your wp-config.php file.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                return false;
-            }
-            EE_Data_Migration_Manager::instance()->update_current_database_state_to();
-        } else {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                __(
-                    'Could not determine most up-to-date data migration script from which to pull database schema
+							'event_espresso'
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				return false;
+			}
+			EE_Data_Migration_Manager::instance()->update_current_database_state_to();
+		} else {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				__(
+					'Could not determine most up-to-date data migration script from which to pull database schema
                      structure. So database is probably not setup properly',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * initialize_system_questions
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function initialize_system_questions()
-    {
-        // QUESTION GROUPS
-        global $wpdb;
-        $table_name = \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->ensureTableNameHasPrefix('esp_question_group');
-        $SQL = "SELECT QSG_system FROM $table_name WHERE QSG_system != 0";
-        // what we have
-        $question_groups = $wpdb->get_col($SQL);
-        // check the response
-        $question_groups = is_array($question_groups) ? $question_groups : array();
-        // what we should have
-        $QSG_systems = array(1, 2);
-        // loop thru what we should have and compare to what we have
-        foreach ($QSG_systems as $QSG_system) {
-            // reset values array
-            $QSG_values = array();
-            // if we don't have what we should have (but use $QST_system as as string because that's what we got from the db)
-            if (! in_array("$QSG_system", $question_groups)) {
-                // add it
-                switch ($QSG_system) {
-                    case 1:
-                        $QSG_values = array(
-                            'QSG_name'            => __('Personal Information', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QSG_identifier'      => 'personal-information-' . time(),
-                            'QSG_desc'            => '',
-                            'QSG_order'           => 1,
-                            'QSG_show_group_name' => 1,
-                            'QSG_show_group_desc' => 1,
-                            'QSG_system'          => EEM_Question_Group::system_personal,
-                            'QSG_deleted'         => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                    case 2:
-                        $QSG_values = array(
-                            'QSG_name'            => __('Address Information', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QSG_identifier'      => 'address-information-' . time(),
-                            'QSG_desc'            => '',
-                            'QSG_order'           => 2,
-                            'QSG_show_group_name' => 1,
-                            'QSG_show_group_desc' => 1,
-                            'QSG_system'          => EEM_Question_Group::system_address,
-                            'QSG_deleted'         => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                }
-                // make sure we have some values before inserting them
-                if (! empty($QSG_values)) {
-                    // insert system question
-                    $wpdb->insert(
-                        $table_name,
-                        $QSG_values,
-                        array('%s', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%d', '%d', '%d', '%d')
-                    );
-                    $QSG_IDs[$QSG_system] = $wpdb->insert_id;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        // QUESTIONS
-        global $wpdb;
-        $table_name = \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->ensureTableNameHasPrefix('esp_question');
-        $SQL = "SELECT QST_system FROM $table_name WHERE QST_system != ''";
-        // what we have
-        $questions = $wpdb->get_col($SQL);
-        // what we should have
-        $QST_systems = array(
-            'fname',
-            'lname',
-            'email',
-            'address',
-            'address2',
-            'city',
-            'country',
-            'state',
-            'zip',
-            'phone',
-        );
-        $order_for_group_1 = 1;
-        $order_for_group_2 = 1;
-        // loop thru what we should have and compare to what we have
-        foreach ($QST_systems as $QST_system) {
-            // reset values array
-            $QST_values = array();
-            // if we don't have what we should have
-            if (! in_array($QST_system, $questions)) {
-                // add it
-                switch ($QST_system) {
-                    case 'fname':
-                        $QST_values = array(
-                            'QST_display_text'  => __('First Name', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_admin_label'   => __('First Name - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_system'        => 'fname',
-                            'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
-                            'QST_required'      => 1,
-                            'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_order'         => 1,
-                            'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
-                            'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
-                            'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
-                            'QST_deleted'       => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                    case 'lname':
-                        $QST_values = array(
-                            'QST_display_text'  => __('Last Name', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_admin_label'   => __('Last Name - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_system'        => 'lname',
-                            'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
-                            'QST_required'      => 1,
-                            'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_order'         => 2,
-                            'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
-                            'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
-                            'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
-                            'QST_deleted'       => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                    case 'email':
-                        $QST_values = array(
-                            'QST_display_text'  => __('Email Address', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_admin_label'   => __('Email Address - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_system'        => 'email',
-                            'QST_type'          => 'EMAIL',
-                            'QST_required'      => 1,
-                            'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_order'         => 3,
-                            'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
-                            'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
-                            'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
-                            'QST_deleted'       => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                    case 'address':
-                        $QST_values = array(
-                            'QST_display_text'  => __('Address', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_admin_label'   => __('Address - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_system'        => 'address',
-                            'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
-                            'QST_required'      => 0,
-                            'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_order'         => 4,
-                            'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
-                            'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
-                            'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
-                            'QST_deleted'       => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                    case 'address2':
-                        $QST_values = array(
-                            'QST_display_text'  => __('Address2', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_admin_label'   => __('Address2 - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_system'        => 'address2',
-                            'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
-                            'QST_required'      => 0,
-                            'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_order'         => 5,
-                            'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
-                            'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
-                            'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
-                            'QST_deleted'       => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                    case 'city':
-                        $QST_values = array(
-                            'QST_display_text'  => __('City', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_admin_label'   => __('City - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_system'        => 'city',
-                            'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
-                            'QST_required'      => 0,
-                            'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_order'         => 6,
-                            'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
-                            'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
-                            'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
-                            'QST_deleted'       => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                    case 'country':
-                        $QST_values = array(
-                            'QST_display_text'  => __('Country', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_admin_label'   => __('Country - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_system'        => 'country',
-                            'QST_type'          => 'COUNTRY',
-                            'QST_required'      => 0,
-                            'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_order'         => 7,
-                            'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
-                            'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
-                            'QST_deleted'       => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                    case 'state':
-                        $QST_values = array(
-                            'QST_display_text'  => __('State/Province', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_admin_label'   => __('State/Province - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_system'        => 'state',
-                            'QST_type'          => 'STATE',
-                            'QST_required'      => 0,
-                            'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_order'         => 8,
-                            'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
-                            'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
-                            'QST_deleted'       => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                    case 'zip':
-                        $QST_values = array(
-                            'QST_display_text'  => __('Zip/Postal Code', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_admin_label'   => __('Zip/Postal Code - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_system'        => 'zip',
-                            'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
-                            'QST_required'      => 0,
-                            'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_order'         => 9,
-                            'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
-                            'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
-                            'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
-                            'QST_deleted'       => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                    case 'phone':
-                        $QST_values = array(
-                            'QST_display_text'  => __('Phone Number', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_admin_label'   => __('Phone Number - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_system'        => 'phone',
-                            'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
-                            'QST_required'      => 0,
-                            'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QST_order'         => 10,
-                            'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
-                            'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
-                            'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
-                            'QST_deleted'       => 0,
-                        );
-                        break;
-                }
-                if (! empty($QST_values)) {
-                    // insert system question
-                    $wpdb->insert(
-                        $table_name,
-                        $QST_values,
-                        array('%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%s', '%d', '%d', '%d', '%d')
-                    );
-                    $QST_ID = $wpdb->insert_id;
-                    // QUESTION GROUP QUESTIONS
-                    if (in_array($QST_system, array('fname', 'lname', 'email'))) {
-                        $system_question_we_want = EEM_Question_Group::system_personal;
-                    } else {
-                        $system_question_we_want = EEM_Question_Group::system_address;
-                    }
-                    if (isset($QSG_IDs[$system_question_we_want])) {
-                        $QSG_ID = $QSG_IDs[$system_question_we_want];
-                    } else {
-                        $id_col = EEM_Question_Group::instance()
-                                                    ->get_col(array(array('QSG_system' => $system_question_we_want)));
-                        if (is_array($id_col)) {
-                            $QSG_ID = reset($id_col);
-                        } else {
-                            //ok so we didn't find it in the db either?? that's weird because we should have inserted it at the start of this method
-                            EE_Log::instance()->log(
-                                __FILE__,
-                                __FUNCTION__,
-                                sprintf(
-                                    __(
-                                        'Could not associate question %1$s to a question group because no system question
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * initialize_system_questions
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function initialize_system_questions()
+	{
+		// QUESTION GROUPS
+		global $wpdb;
+		$table_name = \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->ensureTableNameHasPrefix('esp_question_group');
+		$SQL = "SELECT QSG_system FROM $table_name WHERE QSG_system != 0";
+		// what we have
+		$question_groups = $wpdb->get_col($SQL);
+		// check the response
+		$question_groups = is_array($question_groups) ? $question_groups : array();
+		// what we should have
+		$QSG_systems = array(1, 2);
+		// loop thru what we should have and compare to what we have
+		foreach ($QSG_systems as $QSG_system) {
+			// reset values array
+			$QSG_values = array();
+			// if we don't have what we should have (but use $QST_system as as string because that's what we got from the db)
+			if (! in_array("$QSG_system", $question_groups)) {
+				// add it
+				switch ($QSG_system) {
+					case 1:
+						$QSG_values = array(
+							'QSG_name'            => __('Personal Information', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QSG_identifier'      => 'personal-information-' . time(),
+							'QSG_desc'            => '',
+							'QSG_order'           => 1,
+							'QSG_show_group_name' => 1,
+							'QSG_show_group_desc' => 1,
+							'QSG_system'          => EEM_Question_Group::system_personal,
+							'QSG_deleted'         => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+					case 2:
+						$QSG_values = array(
+							'QSG_name'            => __('Address Information', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QSG_identifier'      => 'address-information-' . time(),
+							'QSG_desc'            => '',
+							'QSG_order'           => 2,
+							'QSG_show_group_name' => 1,
+							'QSG_show_group_desc' => 1,
+							'QSG_system'          => EEM_Question_Group::system_address,
+							'QSG_deleted'         => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+				}
+				// make sure we have some values before inserting them
+				if (! empty($QSG_values)) {
+					// insert system question
+					$wpdb->insert(
+						$table_name,
+						$QSG_values,
+						array('%s', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%d', '%d', '%d', '%d')
+					);
+					$QSG_IDs[$QSG_system] = $wpdb->insert_id;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// QUESTIONS
+		global $wpdb;
+		$table_name = \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->ensureTableNameHasPrefix('esp_question');
+		$SQL = "SELECT QST_system FROM $table_name WHERE QST_system != ''";
+		// what we have
+		$questions = $wpdb->get_col($SQL);
+		// what we should have
+		$QST_systems = array(
+			'fname',
+			'lname',
+			'email',
+			'address',
+			'address2',
+			'city',
+			'country',
+			'state',
+			'zip',
+			'phone',
+		);
+		$order_for_group_1 = 1;
+		$order_for_group_2 = 1;
+		// loop thru what we should have and compare to what we have
+		foreach ($QST_systems as $QST_system) {
+			// reset values array
+			$QST_values = array();
+			// if we don't have what we should have
+			if (! in_array($QST_system, $questions)) {
+				// add it
+				switch ($QST_system) {
+					case 'fname':
+						$QST_values = array(
+							'QST_display_text'  => __('First Name', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_admin_label'   => __('First Name - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_system'        => 'fname',
+							'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
+							'QST_required'      => 1,
+							'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_order'         => 1,
+							'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
+							'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
+							'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
+							'QST_deleted'       => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+					case 'lname':
+						$QST_values = array(
+							'QST_display_text'  => __('Last Name', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_admin_label'   => __('Last Name - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_system'        => 'lname',
+							'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
+							'QST_required'      => 1,
+							'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_order'         => 2,
+							'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
+							'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
+							'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
+							'QST_deleted'       => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+					case 'email':
+						$QST_values = array(
+							'QST_display_text'  => __('Email Address', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_admin_label'   => __('Email Address - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_system'        => 'email',
+							'QST_type'          => 'EMAIL',
+							'QST_required'      => 1,
+							'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_order'         => 3,
+							'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
+							'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
+							'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
+							'QST_deleted'       => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+					case 'address':
+						$QST_values = array(
+							'QST_display_text'  => __('Address', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_admin_label'   => __('Address - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_system'        => 'address',
+							'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
+							'QST_required'      => 0,
+							'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_order'         => 4,
+							'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
+							'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
+							'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
+							'QST_deleted'       => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+					case 'address2':
+						$QST_values = array(
+							'QST_display_text'  => __('Address2', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_admin_label'   => __('Address2 - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_system'        => 'address2',
+							'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
+							'QST_required'      => 0,
+							'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_order'         => 5,
+							'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
+							'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
+							'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
+							'QST_deleted'       => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+					case 'city':
+						$QST_values = array(
+							'QST_display_text'  => __('City', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_admin_label'   => __('City - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_system'        => 'city',
+							'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
+							'QST_required'      => 0,
+							'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_order'         => 6,
+							'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
+							'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
+							'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
+							'QST_deleted'       => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+					case 'country':
+						$QST_values = array(
+							'QST_display_text'  => __('Country', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_admin_label'   => __('Country - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_system'        => 'country',
+							'QST_type'          => 'COUNTRY',
+							'QST_required'      => 0,
+							'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_order'         => 7,
+							'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
+							'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
+							'QST_deleted'       => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+					case 'state':
+						$QST_values = array(
+							'QST_display_text'  => __('State/Province', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_admin_label'   => __('State/Province - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_system'        => 'state',
+							'QST_type'          => 'STATE',
+							'QST_required'      => 0,
+							'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_order'         => 8,
+							'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
+							'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
+							'QST_deleted'       => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+					case 'zip':
+						$QST_values = array(
+							'QST_display_text'  => __('Zip/Postal Code', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_admin_label'   => __('Zip/Postal Code - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_system'        => 'zip',
+							'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
+							'QST_required'      => 0,
+							'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_order'         => 9,
+							'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
+							'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
+							'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
+							'QST_deleted'       => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+					case 'phone':
+						$QST_values = array(
+							'QST_display_text'  => __('Phone Number', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_admin_label'   => __('Phone Number - System Question', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_system'        => 'phone',
+							'QST_type'          => 'TEXT',
+							'QST_required'      => 0,
+							'QST_required_text' => __('This field is required', 'event_espresso'),
+							'QST_order'         => 10,
+							'QST_admin_only'    => 0,
+							'QST_max'           => EEM_Question::instance()->absolute_max_for_system_question($QST_system),
+							'QST_wp_user'       => self::get_default_creator_id(),
+							'QST_deleted'       => 0,
+						);
+						break;
+				}
+				if (! empty($QST_values)) {
+					// insert system question
+					$wpdb->insert(
+						$table_name,
+						$QST_values,
+						array('%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%s', '%d', '%d', '%d', '%d')
+					);
+					$QST_ID = $wpdb->insert_id;
+					// QUESTION GROUP QUESTIONS
+					if (in_array($QST_system, array('fname', 'lname', 'email'))) {
+						$system_question_we_want = EEM_Question_Group::system_personal;
+					} else {
+						$system_question_we_want = EEM_Question_Group::system_address;
+					}
+					if (isset($QSG_IDs[$system_question_we_want])) {
+						$QSG_ID = $QSG_IDs[$system_question_we_want];
+					} else {
+						$id_col = EEM_Question_Group::instance()
+													->get_col(array(array('QSG_system' => $system_question_we_want)));
+						if (is_array($id_col)) {
+							$QSG_ID = reset($id_col);
+						} else {
+							//ok so we didn't find it in the db either?? that's weird because we should have inserted it at the start of this method
+							EE_Log::instance()->log(
+								__FILE__,
+								__FUNCTION__,
+								sprintf(
+									__(
+										'Could not associate question %1$s to a question group because no system question
                                          group existed',
-                                        'event_espresso'
-                                    ),
-                                    $QST_ID),
-                                'error');
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    // add system questions to groups
-                    $wpdb->insert(
-                        \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->ensureTableNameHasPrefix('esp_question_group_question'),
-                        array(
-                            'QSG_ID'    => $QSG_ID,
-                            'QST_ID'    => $QST_ID,
-                            'QGQ_order' => ($QSG_ID === 1) ? $order_for_group_1++ : $order_for_group_2++,
-                        ),
-                        array('%d', '%d', '%d')
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Makes sure the default payment method (Invoice) is active.
-     * This used to be done automatically as part of constructing the old gateways config
-     *
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function insert_default_payment_methods()
-    {
-        if (! EEM_Payment_Method::instance()->count_active(EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart)) {
-            EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib('Payment_Method_Manager');
-            EE_Payment_Method_Manager::instance()->activate_a_payment_method_of_type('Invoice');
-        } else {
-            EEM_Payment_Method::instance()->verify_button_urls();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * insert_default_status_codes
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function insert_default_status_codes()
-    {
-
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        if (\EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->tableExists(EEM_Status::instance()->table())) {
-
-            $table_name = EEM_Status::instance()->table();
-
-            $SQL = "DELETE FROM $table_name WHERE STS_ID IN ( 'ACT', 'NAC', 'NOP', 'OPN', 'CLS', 'PND', 'ONG', 'SEC', 'DRF', 'DEL', 'DEN', 'EXP', 'RPP', 'RCN', 'RDC', 'RAP', 'RNA', 'RWL', 'TAB', 'TIN', 'TFL', 'TCM', 'TOP', 'PAP', 'PCN', 'PFL', 'PDC', 'EDR', 'ESN', 'PPN', 'RIC', 'MSN', 'MFL', 'MID', 'MRS', 'MIC', 'MDO', 'MEX' );";
-            $wpdb->query($SQL);
-
-            $SQL = "INSERT INTO $table_name
+										'event_espresso'
+									),
+									$QST_ID),
+								'error');
+							continue;
+						}
+					}
+					// add system questions to groups
+					$wpdb->insert(
+						\EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->ensureTableNameHasPrefix('esp_question_group_question'),
+						array(
+							'QSG_ID'    => $QSG_ID,
+							'QST_ID'    => $QST_ID,
+							'QGQ_order' => ($QSG_ID === 1) ? $order_for_group_1++ : $order_for_group_2++,
+						),
+						array('%d', '%d', '%d')
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Makes sure the default payment method (Invoice) is active.
+	 * This used to be done automatically as part of constructing the old gateways config
+	 *
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function insert_default_payment_methods()
+	{
+		if (! EEM_Payment_Method::instance()->count_active(EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart)) {
+			EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib('Payment_Method_Manager');
+			EE_Payment_Method_Manager::instance()->activate_a_payment_method_of_type('Invoice');
+		} else {
+			EEM_Payment_Method::instance()->verify_button_urls();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * insert_default_status_codes
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function insert_default_status_codes()
+	{
+
+		global $wpdb;
+
+		if (\EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->tableExists(EEM_Status::instance()->table())) {
+
+			$table_name = EEM_Status::instance()->table();
+
+			$SQL = "DELETE FROM $table_name WHERE STS_ID IN ( 'ACT', 'NAC', 'NOP', 'OPN', 'CLS', 'PND', 'ONG', 'SEC', 'DRF', 'DEL', 'DEN', 'EXP', 'RPP', 'RCN', 'RDC', 'RAP', 'RNA', 'RWL', 'TAB', 'TIN', 'TFL', 'TCM', 'TOP', 'PAP', 'PCN', 'PFL', 'PDC', 'EDR', 'ESN', 'PPN', 'RIC', 'MSN', 'MFL', 'MID', 'MRS', 'MIC', 'MDO', 'MEX' );";
+			$wpdb->query($SQL);
+
+			$SQL = "INSERT INTO $table_name
 					(STS_ID, STS_code, STS_type, STS_can_edit, STS_desc, STS_open) VALUES
 					('ACT', 'ACTIVE', 'event', 0, NULL, 1),
 					('NAC', 'NOT_ACTIVE', 'event', 0, NULL, 0),
@@ -1205,462 +1205,462 @@ 
 					('MID', 'IDLE', 'message', 0, NULL, 1),
 					('MRS', 'RESEND', 'message', 0, NULL, 1),
 					('MIC', 'INCOMPLETE', 'message', 0, NULL, 0);";
-            $wpdb->query($SQL);
-
-        }
-
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * generate_default_message_templates
-     *
-     * @static
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return bool     true means new templates were created.
-     *                  false means no templates were created.
-     *                  This is NOT an error flag. To check for errors you will want
-     *                  to use either EE_Error or a try catch for an EE_Error exception.
-     */
-    public static function generate_default_message_templates()
-    {
-        /** @type EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager */
-        $message_resource_manager = EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib('Message_Resource_Manager');
-        /*
+			$wpdb->query($SQL);
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * generate_default_message_templates
+	 *
+	 * @static
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return bool     true means new templates were created.
+	 *                  false means no templates were created.
+	 *                  This is NOT an error flag. To check for errors you will want
+	 *                  to use either EE_Error or a try catch for an EE_Error exception.
+	 */
+	public static function generate_default_message_templates()
+	{
+		/** @type EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager */
+		$message_resource_manager = EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib('Message_Resource_Manager');
+		/*
          * This first method is taking care of ensuring any default messengers
          * that should be made active and have templates generated are done.
          */
-        $new_templates_created_for_messenger = self::_activate_and_generate_default_messengers_and_message_templates(
-            $message_resource_manager
-        );
-        /**
-         * This method is verifying there are no NEW default message types
-         * for ACTIVE messengers that need activated (and corresponding templates setup).
-         */
-        $new_templates_created_for_message_type = self::_activate_new_message_types_for_active_messengers_and_generate_default_templates(
-            $message_resource_manager
-        );
-        //after all is done, let's persist these changes to the db.
-        $message_resource_manager->update_has_activated_messengers_option();
-        $message_resource_manager->update_active_messengers_option();
-        // will return true if either of these are true.  Otherwise will return false.
-        return $new_templates_created_for_message_type || $new_templates_created_for_messenger;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param \EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
-     * @return array|bool
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _activate_new_message_types_for_active_messengers_and_generate_default_templates(
-        EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
-    ) {
-        /** @type EE_messenger[] $active_messengers */
-        $active_messengers = $message_resource_manager->active_messengers();
-        $installed_message_types = $message_resource_manager->installed_message_types();
-        $templates_created = false;
-        foreach ($active_messengers as $active_messenger) {
-            $default_message_type_names_for_messenger = $active_messenger->get_default_message_types();
-            $default_message_type_names_to_activate = array();
-            // looping through each default message type reported by the messenger
-            // and setup the actual message types to activate.
-            foreach ($default_message_type_names_for_messenger as $default_message_type_name_for_messenger) {
-                // if already active or has already been activated before we skip
-                // (otherwise we might reactivate something user's intentionally deactivated.)
-                // we also skip if the message type is not installed.
-                if (
-                    $message_resource_manager->has_message_type_been_activated_for_messenger(
-                        $default_message_type_name_for_messenger,
-                        $active_messenger->name
-                    )
-                    || $message_resource_manager->is_message_type_active_for_messenger(
-                        $active_messenger->name,
-                        $default_message_type_name_for_messenger
-                    )
-                    || ! isset($installed_message_types[$default_message_type_name_for_messenger])
-                ) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                $default_message_type_names_to_activate[] = $default_message_type_name_for_messenger;
-            }
-            //let's activate!
-            $message_resource_manager->ensure_message_types_are_active(
-                $default_message_type_names_to_activate,
-                $active_messenger->name,
-                false
-            );
-            //activate the templates for these message types
-            if ( ! empty($default_message_type_names_to_activate)) {
-                $templates_created = EEH_MSG_Template::generate_new_templates(
-                    $active_messenger->name,
-                    $default_message_type_names_for_messenger,
-                    '',
-                    true
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $templates_created;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will activate and generate default messengers and default message types for those messengers.
-     *
-     * @param EE_message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
-     * @return array|bool  True means there were default messengers and message type templates generated.
-     *                     False means that there were no templates generated
-     *                     (which could simply mean there are no default message types for a messenger).
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _activate_and_generate_default_messengers_and_message_templates(
-        EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
-    ) {
-        /** @type EE_messenger[] $messengers_to_generate */
-        $messengers_to_generate = self::_get_default_messengers_to_generate_on_activation($message_resource_manager);
-        $installed_message_types = $message_resource_manager->installed_message_types();
-        $templates_generated = false;
-        foreach ($messengers_to_generate as $messenger_to_generate) {
-            $default_message_type_names_for_messenger = $messenger_to_generate->get_default_message_types();
-            //verify the default message types match an installed message type.
-            foreach ($default_message_type_names_for_messenger as $key => $name) {
-                if (
-                    ! isset($installed_message_types[$name])
-                    || $message_resource_manager->has_message_type_been_activated_for_messenger(
-                        $name,
-                        $messenger_to_generate->name
-                    )
-                ) {
-                    unset($default_message_type_names_for_messenger[$key]);
-                }
-            }
-            // in previous iterations, the active_messengers option in the db
-            // needed updated before calling create templates. however with the changes this may not be necessary.
-            // This comment is left here just in case we discover that we _do_ need to update before
-            // passing off to create templates (after the refactor is done).
-            // @todo remove this comment when determined not necessary.
-            $message_resource_manager->activate_messenger(
-                $messenger_to_generate->name,
-                $default_message_type_names_for_messenger,
-                false
-            );
-            //create any templates needing created (or will reactivate templates already generated as necessary).
-            if ( ! empty($default_message_type_names_for_messenger)) {
-                $templates_generated = EEH_MSG_Template::generate_new_templates(
-                    $messenger_to_generate->name,
-                    $default_message_type_names_for_messenger,
-                    '',
-                    true
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $templates_generated;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the default messengers to generate templates for on activation of EE.
-     * It considers:
-     * - whether a messenger is already active in the db.
-     * - whether a messenger has been made active at any time in the past.
-     *
-     * @static
-     * @param  EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
-     * @return EE_messenger[]
-     */
-    protected static function _get_default_messengers_to_generate_on_activation(
-        EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
-    ) {
-        $active_messengers    = $message_resource_manager->active_messengers();
-        $installed_messengers = $message_resource_manager->installed_messengers();
-        $has_activated        = $message_resource_manager->get_has_activated_messengers_option();
-
-        $messengers_to_generate = array();
-        foreach ($installed_messengers as $installed_messenger) {
-            //if installed messenger is a messenger that should be activated on install
-            //and is not already active
-            //and has never been activated
-            if (
-                ! $installed_messenger->activate_on_install
-                || isset($active_messengers[$installed_messenger->name])
-                || isset($has_activated[$installed_messenger->name])
-            ) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            $messengers_to_generate[$installed_messenger->name] = $installed_messenger;
-        }
-        return $messengers_to_generate;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply validates active message types to ensure they actually match installed
-     * message types.  If there's a mismatch then we deactivate the message type and ensure all related db
-     * rows are set inactive.
-     * Note: Messengers are no longer validated here as of 4.9.0 because they get validated automatically whenever
-     * EE_Messenger_Resource_Manager is constructed.  Message Types are a bit more resource heavy for validation so they
-     * are still handled in here.
-     *
-     * @since 4.3.1
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function validate_messages_system()
-    {
-        /** @type EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager */
-        $message_resource_manager = EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib('Message_Resource_Manager');
-        $message_resource_manager->validate_active_message_types_are_installed();
-        do_action('AHEE__EEH_Activation__validate_messages_system');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * create_no_ticket_prices_array
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function create_no_ticket_prices_array()
-    {
-        // this creates an array for tracking events that have no active ticket prices created
-        // this allows us to warn admins of the situation so that it can be corrected
-        $espresso_no_ticket_prices = get_option('ee_no_ticket_prices', false);
-        if (! $espresso_no_ticket_prices) {
-            add_option('ee_no_ticket_prices', array(), '', false);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * plugin_deactivation
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function plugin_deactivation()
-    {
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Finds all our EE4 custom post types, and deletes them and their associated data
-     * (like post meta or term relations)
-     *
-     * @global wpdb $wpdb
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function delete_all_espresso_cpt_data()
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        //get all the CPT post_types
-        $ee_post_types = array();
-        foreach (EE_Registry::instance()->non_abstract_db_models as $model_name) {
-            if (method_exists($model_name, 'instance')) {
-                $model_obj = call_user_func(array($model_name, 'instance'));
-                if ($model_obj instanceof EEM_CPT_Base) {
-                    $ee_post_types[] = $wpdb->prepare("%s", $model_obj->post_type());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        //get all our CPTs
-        $query   = "SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_type IN (" . implode(",", $ee_post_types) . ")";
-        $cpt_ids = $wpdb->get_col($query);
-        //delete each post meta and term relations too
-        foreach ($cpt_ids as $post_id) {
-            wp_delete_post($post_id, true);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes all EE custom tables
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function drop_espresso_tables()
-    {
-        $tables = array();
-        // load registry
-        foreach (EE_Registry::instance()->non_abstract_db_models as $model_name) {
-            if (method_exists($model_name, 'instance')) {
-                $model_obj = call_user_func(array($model_name, 'instance'));
-                if ($model_obj instanceof EEM_Base) {
-                    foreach ($model_obj->get_tables() as $table) {
-                        if (strpos($table->get_table_name(), 'esp_')
-                            &&
-                            (
-                                is_main_site()//main site? nuke them all
-                                || ! $table->is_global()//not main site,but not global either. nuke it
-                            )
-                        ) {
-                            $tables[$table->get_table_name()] = $table->get_table_name();
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        //there are some tables whose models were removed.
-        //they should be removed when removing all EE core's data
-        $tables_without_models = array(
-            'esp_promotion',
-            'esp_promotion_applied',
-            'esp_promotion_object',
-            'esp_promotion_rule',
-            'esp_rule',
-        );
-        foreach ($tables_without_models as $table) {
-            $tables[$table] = $table;
-        }
-        return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropTables($tables);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Drops all the tables mentioned in a single MYSQL query. Double-checks
-     * each table name provided has a wpdb prefix attached, and that it exists.
-     * Returns the list actually deleted
-     *
-     * @deprecated in 4.9.13. Instead use TableManager::dropTables()
-     * @global WPDB $wpdb
-     * @param array $table_names
-     * @return array of table names which we deleted
-     */
-    public static function drop_tables($table_names)
-    {
-        return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropTables($table_names);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * plugin_uninstall
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @static
-     * @param bool $remove_all
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function delete_all_espresso_tables_and_data($remove_all = true)
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        self::drop_espresso_tables();
-        $wp_options_to_delete = array(
-            'ee_no_ticket_prices'                => true,
-            'ee_active_messengers'               => true,
-            'ee_has_activated_messenger'         => true,
-            'ee_flush_rewrite_rules'             => true,
-            'ee_config'                          => false,
-            'ee_data_migration_current_db_state' => true,
-            'ee_data_migration_mapping_'         => false,
-            'ee_data_migration_script_'          => false,
-            'ee_data_migrations'                 => true,
-            'ee_dms_map'                         => false,
-            'ee_notices'                         => true,
-            'lang_file_check_'                   => false,
-            'ee_maintenance_mode'                => true,
-            'ee_ueip_optin'                      => true,
-            'ee_ueip_has_notified'               => true,
-            'ee_plugin_activation_errors'        => true,
-            'ee_id_mapping_from'                 => false,
-            'espresso_persistent_admin_notices'  => true,
-            'ee_encryption_key'                  => true,
-            'pue_force_upgrade_'                 => false,
-            'pue_json_error_'                    => false,
-            'pue_install_key_'                   => false,
-            'pue_verification_error_'            => false,
-            'pu_dismissed_upgrade_'              => false,
-            'external_updates-'                  => false,
-            'ee_extra_data'                      => true,
-            'ee_ssn_'                            => false,
-            'ee_rss_'                            => false,
-            'ee_rte_n_tx_'                       => false,
-            'ee_pers_admin_notices'              => true,
-            'ee_job_parameters_'                 => false,
-            'ee_upload_directories_incomplete'   => true,
-            'ee_verified_db_collations'          => true,
-        );
-        if (is_main_site()) {
-            $wp_options_to_delete['ee_network_config'] = true;
-        }
-        $undeleted_options = array();
-        foreach ($wp_options_to_delete as $option_name => $no_wildcard) {
-            if ($no_wildcard) {
-                if ( ! delete_option($option_name)) {
-                    $undeleted_options[] = $option_name;
-                }
-            } else {
-                $option_names_to_delete_from_wildcard = $wpdb->get_col("SELECT option_name FROM $wpdb->options WHERE option_name LIKE '%$option_name%'");
-                foreach ($option_names_to_delete_from_wildcard as $option_name_from_wildcard) {
-                    if ( ! delete_option($option_name_from_wildcard)) {
-                        $undeleted_options[] = $option_name_from_wildcard;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        //also, let's make sure the "ee_config_option_names" wp option stays out by removing the action that adds it
-        remove_action('shutdown', array(EE_Config::instance(), 'shutdown'), 10);
-        if ($remove_all && $espresso_db_update = get_option('espresso_db_update')) {
-            $db_update_sans_ee4 = array();
-            foreach ($espresso_db_update as $version => $times_activated) {
-                if ((string)$version[0] === '3') {//if its NON EE4
-                    $db_update_sans_ee4[$version] = $times_activated;
-                }
-            }
-            update_option('espresso_db_update', $db_update_sans_ee4);
-        }
-        $errors = '';
-        if ( ! empty($undeleted_options)) {
-            $errors .= sprintf(
-                __('The following wp-options could not be deleted: %s%s', 'event_espresso'),
-                '<br/>',
-                implode(',<br/>', $undeleted_options)
-            );
-        }
-        if ( ! empty($errors)) {
-            EE_Error::add_attention($errors, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the mysql error code from the last used query by wpdb
-     *
-     * @return int mysql error code, see https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/error-messages-server.html
-     */
-    public static function last_wpdb_error_code()
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        if ($wpdb->use_mysqli) {
-            return mysqli_errno($wpdb->dbh);
-        } else {
-            return mysql_errno($wpdb->dbh);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks that the database table exists. Also works on temporary tables (for unit tests mostly).
-     *
-     * @global wpdb  $wpdb
-     * @deprecated instead use TableAnalysis::tableExists()
-     * @param string $table_name with or without $wpdb->prefix
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public static function table_exists($table_name)
-    {
-        return \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->tableExists($table_name);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Resets the cache on EEH_Activation
-     */
-    public static function reset()
-    {
-        self::$_default_creator_id                             = null;
-        self::$_initialized_db_content_already_in_this_request = false;
-    }
+		$new_templates_created_for_messenger = self::_activate_and_generate_default_messengers_and_message_templates(
+			$message_resource_manager
+		);
+		/**
+		 * This method is verifying there are no NEW default message types
+		 * for ACTIVE messengers that need activated (and corresponding templates setup).
+		 */
+		$new_templates_created_for_message_type = self::_activate_new_message_types_for_active_messengers_and_generate_default_templates(
+			$message_resource_manager
+		);
+		//after all is done, let's persist these changes to the db.
+		$message_resource_manager->update_has_activated_messengers_option();
+		$message_resource_manager->update_active_messengers_option();
+		// will return true if either of these are true.  Otherwise will return false.
+		return $new_templates_created_for_message_type || $new_templates_created_for_messenger;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param \EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
+	 * @return array|bool
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _activate_new_message_types_for_active_messengers_and_generate_default_templates(
+		EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
+	) {
+		/** @type EE_messenger[] $active_messengers */
+		$active_messengers = $message_resource_manager->active_messengers();
+		$installed_message_types = $message_resource_manager->installed_message_types();
+		$templates_created = false;
+		foreach ($active_messengers as $active_messenger) {
+			$default_message_type_names_for_messenger = $active_messenger->get_default_message_types();
+			$default_message_type_names_to_activate = array();
+			// looping through each default message type reported by the messenger
+			// and setup the actual message types to activate.
+			foreach ($default_message_type_names_for_messenger as $default_message_type_name_for_messenger) {
+				// if already active or has already been activated before we skip
+				// (otherwise we might reactivate something user's intentionally deactivated.)
+				// we also skip if the message type is not installed.
+				if (
+					$message_resource_manager->has_message_type_been_activated_for_messenger(
+						$default_message_type_name_for_messenger,
+						$active_messenger->name
+					)
+					|| $message_resource_manager->is_message_type_active_for_messenger(
+						$active_messenger->name,
+						$default_message_type_name_for_messenger
+					)
+					|| ! isset($installed_message_types[$default_message_type_name_for_messenger])
+				) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				$default_message_type_names_to_activate[] = $default_message_type_name_for_messenger;
+			}
+			//let's activate!
+			$message_resource_manager->ensure_message_types_are_active(
+				$default_message_type_names_to_activate,
+				$active_messenger->name,
+				false
+			);
+			//activate the templates for these message types
+			if ( ! empty($default_message_type_names_to_activate)) {
+				$templates_created = EEH_MSG_Template::generate_new_templates(
+					$active_messenger->name,
+					$default_message_type_names_for_messenger,
+					'',
+					true
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $templates_created;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will activate and generate default messengers and default message types for those messengers.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
+	 * @return array|bool  True means there were default messengers and message type templates generated.
+	 *                     False means that there were no templates generated
+	 *                     (which could simply mean there are no default message types for a messenger).
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _activate_and_generate_default_messengers_and_message_templates(
+		EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
+	) {
+		/** @type EE_messenger[] $messengers_to_generate */
+		$messengers_to_generate = self::_get_default_messengers_to_generate_on_activation($message_resource_manager);
+		$installed_message_types = $message_resource_manager->installed_message_types();
+		$templates_generated = false;
+		foreach ($messengers_to_generate as $messenger_to_generate) {
+			$default_message_type_names_for_messenger = $messenger_to_generate->get_default_message_types();
+			//verify the default message types match an installed message type.
+			foreach ($default_message_type_names_for_messenger as $key => $name) {
+				if (
+					! isset($installed_message_types[$name])
+					|| $message_resource_manager->has_message_type_been_activated_for_messenger(
+						$name,
+						$messenger_to_generate->name
+					)
+				) {
+					unset($default_message_type_names_for_messenger[$key]);
+				}
+			}
+			// in previous iterations, the active_messengers option in the db
+			// needed updated before calling create templates. however with the changes this may not be necessary.
+			// This comment is left here just in case we discover that we _do_ need to update before
+			// passing off to create templates (after the refactor is done).
+			// @todo remove this comment when determined not necessary.
+			$message_resource_manager->activate_messenger(
+				$messenger_to_generate->name,
+				$default_message_type_names_for_messenger,
+				false
+			);
+			//create any templates needing created (or will reactivate templates already generated as necessary).
+			if ( ! empty($default_message_type_names_for_messenger)) {
+				$templates_generated = EEH_MSG_Template::generate_new_templates(
+					$messenger_to_generate->name,
+					$default_message_type_names_for_messenger,
+					'',
+					true
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $templates_generated;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the default messengers to generate templates for on activation of EE.
+	 * It considers:
+	 * - whether a messenger is already active in the db.
+	 * - whether a messenger has been made active at any time in the past.
+	 *
+	 * @static
+	 * @param  EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
+	 * @return EE_messenger[]
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_default_messengers_to_generate_on_activation(
+		EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager
+	) {
+		$active_messengers    = $message_resource_manager->active_messengers();
+		$installed_messengers = $message_resource_manager->installed_messengers();
+		$has_activated        = $message_resource_manager->get_has_activated_messengers_option();
+
+		$messengers_to_generate = array();
+		foreach ($installed_messengers as $installed_messenger) {
+			//if installed messenger is a messenger that should be activated on install
+			//and is not already active
+			//and has never been activated
+			if (
+				! $installed_messenger->activate_on_install
+				|| isset($active_messengers[$installed_messenger->name])
+				|| isset($has_activated[$installed_messenger->name])
+			) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$messengers_to_generate[$installed_messenger->name] = $installed_messenger;
+		}
+		return $messengers_to_generate;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply validates active message types to ensure they actually match installed
+	 * message types.  If there's a mismatch then we deactivate the message type and ensure all related db
+	 * rows are set inactive.
+	 * Note: Messengers are no longer validated here as of 4.9.0 because they get validated automatically whenever
+	 * EE_Messenger_Resource_Manager is constructed.  Message Types are a bit more resource heavy for validation so they
+	 * are still handled in here.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.3.1
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function validate_messages_system()
+	{
+		/** @type EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager */
+		$message_resource_manager = EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib('Message_Resource_Manager');
+		$message_resource_manager->validate_active_message_types_are_installed();
+		do_action('AHEE__EEH_Activation__validate_messages_system');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * create_no_ticket_prices_array
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function create_no_ticket_prices_array()
+	{
+		// this creates an array for tracking events that have no active ticket prices created
+		// this allows us to warn admins of the situation so that it can be corrected
+		$espresso_no_ticket_prices = get_option('ee_no_ticket_prices', false);
+		if (! $espresso_no_ticket_prices) {
+			add_option('ee_no_ticket_prices', array(), '', false);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * plugin_deactivation
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function plugin_deactivation()
+	{
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Finds all our EE4 custom post types, and deletes them and their associated data
+	 * (like post meta or term relations)
+	 *
+	 * @global wpdb $wpdb
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function delete_all_espresso_cpt_data()
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		//get all the CPT post_types
+		$ee_post_types = array();
+		foreach (EE_Registry::instance()->non_abstract_db_models as $model_name) {
+			if (method_exists($model_name, 'instance')) {
+				$model_obj = call_user_func(array($model_name, 'instance'));
+				if ($model_obj instanceof EEM_CPT_Base) {
+					$ee_post_types[] = $wpdb->prepare("%s", $model_obj->post_type());
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		//get all our CPTs
+		$query   = "SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_type IN (" . implode(",", $ee_post_types) . ")";
+		$cpt_ids = $wpdb->get_col($query);
+		//delete each post meta and term relations too
+		foreach ($cpt_ids as $post_id) {
+			wp_delete_post($post_id, true);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes all EE custom tables
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function drop_espresso_tables()
+	{
+		$tables = array();
+		// load registry
+		foreach (EE_Registry::instance()->non_abstract_db_models as $model_name) {
+			if (method_exists($model_name, 'instance')) {
+				$model_obj = call_user_func(array($model_name, 'instance'));
+				if ($model_obj instanceof EEM_Base) {
+					foreach ($model_obj->get_tables() as $table) {
+						if (strpos($table->get_table_name(), 'esp_')
+							&&
+							(
+								is_main_site()//main site? nuke them all
+								|| ! $table->is_global()//not main site,but not global either. nuke it
+							)
+						) {
+							$tables[$table->get_table_name()] = $table->get_table_name();
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		//there are some tables whose models were removed.
+		//they should be removed when removing all EE core's data
+		$tables_without_models = array(
+			'esp_promotion',
+			'esp_promotion_applied',
+			'esp_promotion_object',
+			'esp_promotion_rule',
+			'esp_rule',
+		);
+		foreach ($tables_without_models as $table) {
+			$tables[$table] = $table;
+		}
+		return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropTables($tables);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Drops all the tables mentioned in a single MYSQL query. Double-checks
+	 * each table name provided has a wpdb prefix attached, and that it exists.
+	 * Returns the list actually deleted
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated in 4.9.13. Instead use TableManager::dropTables()
+	 * @global WPDB $wpdb
+	 * @param array $table_names
+	 * @return array of table names which we deleted
+	 */
+	public static function drop_tables($table_names)
+	{
+		return \EEH_Activation::getTableManager()->dropTables($table_names);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * plugin_uninstall
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @static
+	 * @param bool $remove_all
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function delete_all_espresso_tables_and_data($remove_all = true)
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		self::drop_espresso_tables();
+		$wp_options_to_delete = array(
+			'ee_no_ticket_prices'                => true,
+			'ee_active_messengers'               => true,
+			'ee_has_activated_messenger'         => true,
+			'ee_flush_rewrite_rules'             => true,
+			'ee_config'                          => false,
+			'ee_data_migration_current_db_state' => true,
+			'ee_data_migration_mapping_'         => false,
+			'ee_data_migration_script_'          => false,
+			'ee_data_migrations'                 => true,
+			'ee_dms_map'                         => false,
+			'ee_notices'                         => true,
+			'lang_file_check_'                   => false,
+			'ee_maintenance_mode'                => true,
+			'ee_ueip_optin'                      => true,
+			'ee_ueip_has_notified'               => true,
+			'ee_plugin_activation_errors'        => true,
+			'ee_id_mapping_from'                 => false,
+			'espresso_persistent_admin_notices'  => true,
+			'ee_encryption_key'                  => true,
+			'pue_force_upgrade_'                 => false,
+			'pue_json_error_'                    => false,
+			'pue_install_key_'                   => false,
+			'pue_verification_error_'            => false,
+			'pu_dismissed_upgrade_'              => false,
+			'external_updates-'                  => false,
+			'ee_extra_data'                      => true,
+			'ee_ssn_'                            => false,
+			'ee_rss_'                            => false,
+			'ee_rte_n_tx_'                       => false,
+			'ee_pers_admin_notices'              => true,
+			'ee_job_parameters_'                 => false,
+			'ee_upload_directories_incomplete'   => true,
+			'ee_verified_db_collations'          => true,
+		);
+		if (is_main_site()) {
+			$wp_options_to_delete['ee_network_config'] = true;
+		}
+		$undeleted_options = array();
+		foreach ($wp_options_to_delete as $option_name => $no_wildcard) {
+			if ($no_wildcard) {
+				if ( ! delete_option($option_name)) {
+					$undeleted_options[] = $option_name;
+				}
+			} else {
+				$option_names_to_delete_from_wildcard = $wpdb->get_col("SELECT option_name FROM $wpdb->options WHERE option_name LIKE '%$option_name%'");
+				foreach ($option_names_to_delete_from_wildcard as $option_name_from_wildcard) {
+					if ( ! delete_option($option_name_from_wildcard)) {
+						$undeleted_options[] = $option_name_from_wildcard;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		//also, let's make sure the "ee_config_option_names" wp option stays out by removing the action that adds it
+		remove_action('shutdown', array(EE_Config::instance(), 'shutdown'), 10);
+		if ($remove_all && $espresso_db_update = get_option('espresso_db_update')) {
+			$db_update_sans_ee4 = array();
+			foreach ($espresso_db_update as $version => $times_activated) {
+				if ((string)$version[0] === '3') {//if its NON EE4
+					$db_update_sans_ee4[$version] = $times_activated;
+				}
+			}
+			update_option('espresso_db_update', $db_update_sans_ee4);
+		}
+		$errors = '';
+		if ( ! empty($undeleted_options)) {
+			$errors .= sprintf(
+				__('The following wp-options could not be deleted: %s%s', 'event_espresso'),
+				'<br/>',
+				implode(',<br/>', $undeleted_options)
+			);
+		}
+		if ( ! empty($errors)) {
+			EE_Error::add_attention($errors, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the mysql error code from the last used query by wpdb
+	 *
+	 * @return int mysql error code, see https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/error-messages-server.html
+	 */
+	public static function last_wpdb_error_code()
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		if ($wpdb->use_mysqli) {
+			return mysqli_errno($wpdb->dbh);
+		} else {
+			return mysql_errno($wpdb->dbh);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks that the database table exists. Also works on temporary tables (for unit tests mostly).
+	 *
+	 * @global wpdb  $wpdb
+	 * @deprecated instead use TableAnalysis::tableExists()
+	 * @param string $table_name with or without $wpdb->prefix
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public static function table_exists($table_name)
+	{
+		return \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->tableExists($table_name);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Resets the cache on EEH_Activation
+	 */
+	public static function reset()
+	{
+		self::$_default_creator_id                             = null;
+		self::$_initialized_db_content_already_in_this_request = false;
+	}
 }
 // End of file EEH_Activation.helper.php
 // Location: /helpers/EEH_Activation.core.php

Spacing +28 added lines, -28 removed lines

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ 
      */
     public static function getTableAnalysis()
     {
-        if (! self::$table_analysis instanceof \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis) {
+        if ( ! self::$table_analysis instanceof \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis) {
             self::$table_analysis = EE_Registry::instance()->create('TableAnalysis', array(), true);
         }
         return self::$table_analysis;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ 
      */
     public static function getTableManager()
     {
-        if (! self::$table_manager instanceof \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager) {
+        if ( ! self::$table_manager instanceof \EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager) {
             self::$table_manager = EE_Registry::instance()->create('TableManager', array(), true);
         }
         return self::$table_manager;
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ 
         if ($which_to_include === 'old') {
             $cron_tasks = array_filter(
                 $cron_tasks,
-                function ($value) {
+                function($value) {
                     return $value === EEH_Activation::cron_task_no_longer_in_use;
                 }
             );
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ 
     {
 
         foreach (EEH_Activation::get_cron_tasks('current') as $hook_name => $frequency) {
-            if (! wp_next_scheduled($hook_name)) {
+            if ( ! wp_next_scheduled($hook_name)) {
                 /**
                  * This allows client code to define the initial start timestamp for this schedule.
                  */
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ 
             3
         );
         //EE_Config::reset();
-        if (! EE_Config::logging_enabled()) {
+        if ( ! EE_Config::logging_enabled()) {
             delete_option(EE_Config::LOG_NAME);
         }
     }
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ 
     public static function load_calendar_config()
     {
         // grab array of all plugin folders and loop thru it
-        $plugins = glob(WP_PLUGIN_DIR . DS . '*', GLOB_ONLYDIR);
+        $plugins = glob(WP_PLUGIN_DIR.DS.'*', GLOB_ONLYDIR);
         if (empty($plugins)) {
             return;
         }
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ 
                 || strpos($plugin, 'calendar') !== false
             ) {
                 // this is what we are looking for
-                $calendar_config = $plugin_path . DS . 'EE_Calendar_Config.php';
+                $calendar_config = $plugin_path.DS.'EE_Calendar_Config.php';
                 // does it exist in this folder ?
                 if (is_readable($calendar_config)) {
                     // YEAH! let's load it
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ 
             ) {
                 //update Config with post ID
                 $EE_Core_Config->{$critical_page['id']} = $critical_page['post']->ID;
-                if (! EE_Config::instance()->update_espresso_config(false, false)) {
+                if ( ! EE_Config::instance()->update_espresso_config(false, false)) {
                     $msg = __(
                         'The Event Espresso critical page configuration settings could not be updated.',
                         'event_espresso'
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ 
                         'A potential issue has been detected with one or more of your Event Espresso pages. Go to %s to view your Event Espresso pages.',
                         'event_espresso'
                     ),
-                    '<a href="' . admin_url('admin.php?page=espresso_general_settings&action=critical_pages') . '">'
+                    '<a href="'.admin_url('admin.php?page=espresso_general_settings&action=critical_pages').'">'
                     . __('Event Espresso Critical Pages Settings', 'event_espresso')
                     . '</a>'
                 )
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ 
     public static function get_page_by_ee_shortcode($ee_shortcode)
     {
         global $wpdb;
-        $shortcode_and_opening_bracket = '[' . $ee_shortcode;
+        $shortcode_and_opening_bracket = '['.$ee_shortcode;
         $post_id = $wpdb->get_var("SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_content LIKE '%$shortcode_and_opening_bracket%' LIMIT 1");
         if ($post_id) {
             return get_post($post_id);
@@ -553,11 +553,11 @@ 
             'post_status'    => 'publish',
             'post_type'      => 'page',
             'comment_status' => 'closed',
-            'post_content'   => '[' . $critical_page['code'] . ']',
+            'post_content'   => '['.$critical_page['code'].']',
         );
 
         $post_id = wp_insert_post($post_args);
-        if (! $post_id) {
+        if ( ! $post_id) {
             $msg = sprintf(
                 __('The Event Espresso  critical page entitled "%s" could not be created.', 'event_espresso'),
                 $critical_page['name']
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ 
             return $critical_page;
         }
         // get newly created post's details
-        if (! $critical_page['post'] = get_post($post_id)) {
+        if ( ! $critical_page['post'] = get_post($post_id)) {
             $msg = sprintf(
                 __('The Event Espresso critical page entitled "%s" could not be retrieved.', 'event_espresso'),
                 $critical_page['name']
@@ -603,17 +603,17 @@ 
             $role_to_check
         );
         if ($pre_filtered_id !== false) {
-            return (int)$pre_filtered_id;
+            return (int) $pre_filtered_id;
         }
         $capabilities_key = \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis()->ensureTableNameHasPrefix('capabilities');
         $query = $wpdb->prepare(
             "SELECT user_id FROM $wpdb->usermeta WHERE meta_key = '$capabilities_key' AND meta_value LIKE %s ORDER BY user_id ASC LIMIT 0,1",
-            '%' . $role_to_check . '%'
+            '%'.$role_to_check.'%'
         );
         $user_id = $wpdb->get_var($query);
         $user_id = apply_filters('FHEE__EEH_Activation_Helper__get_default_creator_id__user_id', $user_id);
-        if ($user_id && (int)$user_id) {
-            self::$_default_creator_id = (int)$user_id;
+        if ($user_id && (int) $user_id) {
+            self::$_default_creator_id = (int) $user_id;
             return self::$_default_creator_id;
         } else {
             return null;
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ 
         }
         do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
         if ( ! function_exists('dbDelta')) {
-            require_once(ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php');
+            require_once(ABSPATH.'wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php');
         }
         $tableAnalysis = \EEH_Activation::getTableAnalysis();
         $wp_table_name = $tableAnalysis->ensureTableNameHasPrefix($table_name);
@@ -859,13 +859,13 @@ 
             // reset values array
             $QSG_values = array();
             // if we don't have what we should have (but use $QST_system as as string because that's what we got from the db)
-            if (! in_array("$QSG_system", $question_groups)) {
+            if ( ! in_array("$QSG_system", $question_groups)) {
                 // add it
                 switch ($QSG_system) {
                     case 1:
                         $QSG_values = array(
                             'QSG_name'            => __('Personal Information', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QSG_identifier'      => 'personal-information-' . time(),
+                            'QSG_identifier'      => 'personal-information-'.time(),
                             'QSG_desc'            => '',
                             'QSG_order'           => 1,
                             'QSG_show_group_name' => 1,
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ 
                     case 2:
                         $QSG_values = array(
                             'QSG_name'            => __('Address Information', 'event_espresso'),
-                            'QSG_identifier'      => 'address-information-' . time(),
+                            'QSG_identifier'      => 'address-information-'.time(),
                             'QSG_desc'            => '',
                             'QSG_order'           => 2,
                             'QSG_show_group_name' => 1,
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ 
                         break;
                 }
                 // make sure we have some values before inserting them
-                if (! empty($QSG_values)) {
+                if ( ! empty($QSG_values)) {
                     // insert system question
                     $wpdb->insert(
                         $table_name,
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ 
             // reset values array
             $QST_values = array();
             // if we don't have what we should have
-            if (! in_array($QST_system, $questions)) {
+            if ( ! in_array($QST_system, $questions)) {
                 // add it
                 switch ($QST_system) {
                     case 'fname':
@@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ 
                         );
                         break;
                 }
-                if (! empty($QST_values)) {
+                if ( ! empty($QST_values)) {
                     // insert system question
                     $wpdb->insert(
                         $table_name,
@@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ 
      */
     public static function insert_default_payment_methods()
     {
-        if (! EEM_Payment_Method::instance()->count_active(EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart)) {
+        if ( ! EEM_Payment_Method::instance()->count_active(EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart)) {
             EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib('Payment_Method_Manager');
             EE_Payment_Method_Manager::instance()->activate_a_payment_method_of_type('Invoice');
         } else {
@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ 
         // this creates an array for tracking events that have no active ticket prices created
         // this allows us to warn admins of the situation so that it can be corrected
         $espresso_no_ticket_prices = get_option('ee_no_ticket_prices', false);
-        if (! $espresso_no_ticket_prices) {
+        if ( ! $espresso_no_ticket_prices) {
             add_option('ee_no_ticket_prices', array(), '', false);
         }
     }
@@ -1466,7 +1466,7 @@ 
             }
         }
         //get all our CPTs
-        $query   = "SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_type IN (" . implode(",", $ee_post_types) . ")";
+        $query   = "SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_type IN (".implode(",", $ee_post_types).")";
         $cpt_ids = $wpdb->get_col($query);
         //delete each post meta and term relations too
         foreach ($cpt_ids as $post_id) {
@@ -1606,7 +1606,7 @@ 
         if ($remove_all && $espresso_db_update = get_option('espresso_db_update')) {
             $db_update_sans_ee4 = array();
             foreach ($espresso_db_update as $version => $times_activated) {
-                if ((string)$version[0] === '3') {//if its NON EE4
+                if ((string) $version[0] === '3') {//if its NON EE4
                     $db_update_sans_ee4[$version] = $times_activated;
                 }
             }

core/EE_System.core.php

Indentation +1249 added lines, -1249 removed lines

@@ -24,1255 +24,1255 @@
 {
 
 
-    /**
-     * indicates this is a 'normal' request. Ie, not activation, nor upgrade, nor activation.
-     * So examples of this would be a normal GET request on the frontend or backend, or a POST, etc
-     */
-    const req_type_normal = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Indicates this is a brand new installation of EE so we should install
-     * tables and default data etc
-     */
-    const req_type_new_activation = 1;
-
-    /**
-     * we've detected that EE has been reactivated (or EE was activated during maintenance mode,
-     * and we just exited maintenance mode). We MUST check the database is setup properly
-     * and that default data is setup too
-     */
-    const req_type_reactivation = 2;
-
-    /**
-     * indicates that EE has been upgraded since its previous request.
-     * We may have data migration scripts to call and will want to trigger maintenance mode
-     */
-    const req_type_upgrade = 3;
-
-    /**
-     * TODO  will detect that EE has been DOWNGRADED. We probably don't want to run in this case...
-     */
-    const req_type_downgrade = 4;
-
-    /**
-     * @deprecated since version 4.6.0.dev.006
-     * Now whenever a new_activation is detected the request type is still just
-     * new_activation (same for reactivation, upgrade, downgrade etc), but if we'r ein maintenance mode
-     * EE_System::initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required and EE_Addon::initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required
-     * will instead enqueue that EE plugin's db initialization for when we're taken out of maintenance mode.
-     * (Specifically, when the migration manager indicates migrations are finished
-     * EE_Data_Migration_Manager::initialize_db_for_enqueued_ee_plugins() will be called)
-     */
-    const req_type_activation_but_not_installed = 5;
-
-    /**
-     * option prefix for recording the activation history (like core's "espresso_db_update") of addons
-     */
-    const addon_activation_history_option_prefix = 'ee_addon_activation_history_';
-
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_System $_instance
-     */
-    private static $_instance;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Registry $registry
-     */
-    private $registry;
-
-    /**
-     * @var LoaderInterface $loader
-     */
-    private $loader;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Capabilities $capabilities
-     */
-    private $capabilities;
-
-    /**
-     * @var RequestInterface $request
-     */
-    private $request;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode
-     */
-    private $maintenance_mode;
-
-    /**
-     * Stores which type of request this is, options being one of the constants on EE_System starting with req_type_*.
-     * It can be a brand-new activation, a reactivation, an upgrade, a downgrade, or a normal request.
-     *
-     * @var int $_req_type
-     */
-    private $_req_type;
-
-    /**
-     * Whether or not there was a non-micro version change in EE core version during this request
-     *
-     * @var boolean $_major_version_change
-     */
-    private $_major_version_change = false;
-
-    /**
-     * A Context DTO dedicated solely to identifying the current request type.
-     *
-     * @var RequestTypeContextCheckerInterface $request_type
-     */
-    private $request_type;
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @singleton method used to instantiate class object
-     * @param EE_Registry|null         $registry
-     * @param LoaderInterface|null     $loader
-     * @param RequestInterface|null          $request
-     * @param EE_Maintenance_Mode|null $maintenance_mode
-     * @return EE_System
-     */
-    public static function instance(
-        EE_Registry $registry = null,
-        LoaderInterface $loader = null,
-        RequestInterface $request = null,
-        EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode = null
-    ) {
-        // check if class object is instantiated
-        if (! self::$_instance instanceof EE_System) {
-            self::$_instance = new self($registry, $loader, $request, $maintenance_mode);
-        }
-        return self::$_instance;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * resets the instance and returns it
-     *
-     * @return EE_System
-     */
-    public static function reset()
-    {
-        self::$_instance->_req_type = null;
-        //make sure none of the old hooks are left hanging around
-        remove_all_actions('AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations');
-        //we need to reset the migration manager in order for it to detect DMSs properly
-        EE_Data_Migration_Manager::reset();
-        self::instance()->detect_activations_or_upgrades();
-        self::instance()->perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations();
-        return self::instance();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets hooks for running rest of system
-     * provides "AHEE__EE_System__construct__complete" hook for EE Addons to use as their starting point
-     * starting EE Addons from any other point may lead to problems
-     *
-     * @param EE_Registry         $registry
-     * @param LoaderInterface     $loader
-     * @param RequestInterface          $request
-     * @param EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode
-     */
-    private function __construct(
-        EE_Registry $registry,
-        LoaderInterface $loader,
-        RequestInterface $request,
-        EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode
-    ) {
-        $this->registry         = $registry;
-        $this->loader           = $loader;
-        $this->request          = $request;
-        $this->maintenance_mode = $maintenance_mode;
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__construct__begin', $this);
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
-            array($this, 'loadCapabilities'),
-            5
-        );
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
-            array($this, 'loadCommandBus'),
-            7
-        );
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
-            array($this, 'loadPluginApi'),
-            9
-        );
-        // allow addons to load first so that they can register autoloaders, set hooks for running DMS's, etc
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
-            array($this, 'load_espresso_addons')
-        );
-        // when an ee addon is activated, we want to call the core hook(s) again
-        // because the newly-activated addon didn't get a chance to run at all
-        add_action('activate_plugin', array($this, 'load_espresso_addons'), 1);
-        // detect whether install or upgrade
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__detect_activations_or_upgrades',
-            array($this, 'detect_activations_or_upgrades'),
-            3
-        );
-        // load EE_Config, EE_Textdomain, etc
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration',
-            array($this, 'load_core_configuration'),
-            5
-        );
-        // load EE_Config, EE_Textdomain, etc
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets',
-            array($this, 'register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets'),
-            7
-        );
-        // you wanna get going? I wanna get going... let's get going!
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__brew_espresso',
-            array($this, 'brew_espresso'),
-            9
-        );
-        //other housekeeping
-        //exclude EE critical pages from wp_list_pages
-        add_filter(
-            'wp_list_pages_excludes',
-            array($this, 'remove_pages_from_wp_list_pages'),
-            10
-        );
-        // ALL EE Addons should use the following hook point to attach their initial setup too
-        // it's extremely important for EE Addons to register any class autoloaders so that they can be available when the EE_Config loads
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__construct__complete', $this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * load and setup EE_Capabilities
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function loadCapabilities()
-    {
-        $this->capabilities = $this->loader->getShared('EE_Capabilities');
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Capabilities__init_caps__before_initialization',
-            function ()
-            {
-                LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EE_Payment_Method_Manager');
-            }
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * create and cache the CommandBus, and also add middleware
-     * The CapChecker middleware requires the use of EE_Capabilities
-     * which is why we need to load the CommandBus after Caps are set up
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function loadCommandBus()
-    {
-        $this->loader->getShared(
-            'CommandBusInterface',
-            array(
-                null,
-                apply_filters(
-                    'FHEE__EE_Load_Espresso_Core__handle_request__CommandBus_middleware',
-                    array(
-                        $this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\CapChecker'),
-                        $this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\AddActionHook'),
-                    )
-                ),
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function loadPluginApi()
-    {
-        // set autoloaders for all of the classes implementing EEI_Plugin_API
-        // which provide helpers for EE plugin authors to more easily register certain components with EE.
-        EEH_Autoloader::instance()->register_autoloaders_for_each_file_in_folder(EE_LIBRARIES . 'plugin_api');
-        $this->loader->getShared('EE_Request_Handler');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $addon_name
-     * @param string $version_constant
-     * @param string $min_version_required
-     * @param string $load_callback
-     * @param string $plugin_file_constant
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function deactivateIncompatibleAddon(
-        $addon_name,
-        $version_constant,
-        $min_version_required,
-        $load_callback,
-        $plugin_file_constant
-    ) {
-        if (! defined($version_constant)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $addon_version = constant($version_constant);
-        if ($addon_version && version_compare($addon_version, $min_version_required, '<')) {
-            remove_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons', $load_callback);
-            if (! function_exists('deactivate_plugins')) {
-                require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/plugin.php';
-            }
-            deactivate_plugins(plugin_basename(constant($plugin_file_constant)));
-            unset($_GET['activate'], $_REQUEST['activate'], $_GET['activate-multi'], $_REQUEST['activate-multi']);
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'We\'re sorry, but the Event Espresso %1$s addon was deactivated because version %2$s or higher is required with this version of Event Espresso core.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $addon_name,
-                    $min_version_required
-                ),
-                __FILE__, __FUNCTION__ . "({$addon_name})", __LINE__
-            );
-            EE_Error::get_notices(false, true);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * load_espresso_addons
-     * allow addons to load first so that they can set hooks for running DMS's, etc
-     * this is hooked into both:
-     *    'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration'
-     *        which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 5
-     *    and the WP 'activate_plugin' hook point
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function load_espresso_addons()
-    {
-        $this->deactivateIncompatibleAddon(
-            'Wait Lists',
-            'EE_WAIT_LISTS_VERSION',
-            '1.0.0.beta.074',
-            'load_espresso_wait_lists',
-            'EE_WAIT_LISTS_PLUGIN_FILE'
-        );
-        $this->deactivateIncompatibleAddon(
-            'Automated Upcoming Event Notifications',
-            'EE_AUTOMATED_UPCOMING_EVENT_NOTIFICATION_VERSION',
-            '1.0.0.beta.091',
-            'load_espresso_automated_upcoming_event_notification',
-            'EE_AUTOMATED_UPCOMING_EVENT_NOTIFICATION_PLUGIN_FILE'
-        );
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons');
-        //if the WP API basic auth plugin isn't already loaded, load it now.
-        //We want it for mobile apps. Just include the entire plugin
-        //also, don't load the basic auth when a plugin is getting activated, because
-        //it could be the basic auth plugin, and it doesn't check if its methods are already defined
-        //and causes a fatal error
-        if (
-            $this->request->getRequestParam('activate') !== 'true'
-            && ! function_exists('json_basic_auth_handler')
-            && ! function_exists('json_basic_auth_error')
-            && ! in_array(
-                $this->request->getRequestParam('action'),
-                array('activate', 'activate-selected'),
-                true
-            )
-        ) {
-            include_once EE_THIRD_PARTY . 'wp-api-basic-auth' . DS . 'basic-auth.php';
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons__complete');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * detect_activations_or_upgrades
-     * Checks for activation or upgrade of core first;
-     * then also checks if any registered addons have been activated or upgraded
-     * This is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__detect_activations_or_upgrades'
-     * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 3
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function detect_activations_or_upgrades()
-    {
-        //first off: let's make sure to handle core
-        $this->detect_if_activation_or_upgrade();
-        foreach ($this->registry->addons as $addon) {
-            if ($addon instanceof EE_Addon) {
-                //detect teh request type for that addon
-                $addon->detect_activation_or_upgrade();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * detect_if_activation_or_upgrade
-     * Takes care of detecting whether this is a brand new install or code upgrade,
-     * and either setting up the DB or setting up maintenance mode etc.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function detect_if_activation_or_upgrade()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System___detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__begin');
-        // check if db has been updated, or if its a brand-new installation
-        $espresso_db_update = $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option();
-        $request_type       = $this->detect_req_type($espresso_db_update);
-        //EEH_Debug_Tools::printr( $request_type, '$request_type', __FILE__, __LINE__ );
-        switch ($request_type) {
-            case EE_System::req_type_new_activation:
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__new_activation');
-                $this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
-                break;
-            case EE_System::req_type_reactivation:
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__reactivation');
-                $this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
-                break;
-            case EE_System::req_type_upgrade:
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__upgrade');
-                //migrations may be required now that we've upgraded
-                $this->maintenance_mode->set_maintenance_mode_if_db_old();
-                $this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
-                //				echo "done upgrade";die;
-                break;
-            case EE_System::req_type_downgrade:
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__downgrade');
-                //its possible migrations are no longer required
-                $this->maintenance_mode->set_maintenance_mode_if_db_old();
-                $this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
-                break;
-            case EE_System::req_type_normal:
-            default:
-                break;
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__complete');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the list of installed versions and sets hooks for
-     * initializing the database later during the request
-     *
-     * @param array $espresso_db_update
-     */
-    private function _handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update)
-    {
-        $this->update_list_of_installed_versions($espresso_db_update);
-        //get ready to verify the DB is ok (provided we aren't in maintenance mode, of course)
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations',
-            array($this, 'initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * standardizes the wp option 'espresso_db_upgrade' which actually stores
-     * information about what versions of EE have been installed and activated,
-     * NOT necessarily the state of the database
-     *
-     * @param mixed $espresso_db_update           the value of the WordPress option.
-     *                                            If not supplied, fetches it from the options table
-     * @return array the correct value of 'espresso_db_upgrade', after saving it, if it needed correction
-     */
-    private function fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option($espresso_db_update = null)
-    {
-        do_action('FHEE__EE_System__manage_fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option__begin', $espresso_db_update);
-        if (! $espresso_db_update) {
-            $espresso_db_update = get_option('espresso_db_update');
-        }
-        // check that option is an array
-        if (! is_array($espresso_db_update)) {
-            // if option is FALSE, then it never existed
-            if ($espresso_db_update === false) {
-                // make $espresso_db_update an array and save option with autoload OFF
-                $espresso_db_update = array();
-                add_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update, '', 'no');
-            } else {
-                // option is NOT FALSE but also is NOT an array, so make it an array and save it
-                $espresso_db_update = array($espresso_db_update => array());
-                update_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update);
-            }
-        } else {
-            $corrected_db_update = array();
-            //if IS an array, but is it an array where KEYS are version numbers, and values are arrays?
-            foreach ($espresso_db_update as $should_be_version_string => $should_be_array) {
-                if (is_int($should_be_version_string) && ! is_array($should_be_array)) {
-                    //the key is an int, and the value IS NOT an array
-                    //so it must be numerically-indexed, where values are versions installed...
-                    //fix it!
-                    $version_string                         = $should_be_array;
-                    $corrected_db_update[ $version_string ] = array('unknown-date');
-                } else {
-                    //ok it checks out
-                    $corrected_db_update[ $should_be_version_string ] = $should_be_array;
-                }
-            }
-            $espresso_db_update = $corrected_db_update;
-            update_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update);
-        }
-        do_action('FHEE__EE_System__manage_fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option__complete', $espresso_db_update);
-        return $espresso_db_update;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does the traditional work of setting up the plugin's database and adding default data.
-     * If migration script/process did not exist, this is what would happen on every activation/reactivation/upgrade.
-     * NOTE: if we're in maintenance mode (which would be the case if we detect there are data
-     * migration scripts that need to be run and a version change happens), enqueues core for database initialization,
-     * so that it will be done when migrations are finished
-     *
-     * @param boolean $initialize_addons_too if true, we double-check addons' database tables etc too;
-     * @param boolean $verify_schema         if true will re-check the database tables have the correct schema.
-     *                                       This is a resource-intensive job
-     *                                       so we prefer to only do it when necessary
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required($initialize_addons_too = false, $verify_schema = true)
-    {
-        $request_type = $this->detect_req_type();
-        //only initialize system if we're not in maintenance mode.
-        if ($this->maintenance_mode->level() !== EE_Maintenance_Mode::level_2_complete_maintenance) {
-            update_option('ee_flush_rewrite_rules', true);
-            if ($verify_schema) {
-                EEH_Activation::initialize_db_and_folders();
-            }
-            EEH_Activation::initialize_db_content();
-            EEH_Activation::system_initialization();
-            if ($initialize_addons_too) {
-                $this->initialize_addons();
-            }
-        } else {
-            EE_Data_Migration_Manager::instance()->enqueue_db_initialization_for('Core');
-        }
-        if ($request_type === EE_System::req_type_new_activation
-            || $request_type === EE_System::req_type_reactivation
-            || (
-                $request_type === EE_System::req_type_upgrade
-                && $this->is_major_version_change()
-            )
-        ) {
-            add_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize_last', array($this, 'redirect_to_about_ee'), 9);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Initializes the db for all registered addons
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function initialize_addons()
-    {
-        //foreach registered addon, make sure its db is up-to-date too
-        foreach ($this->registry->addons as $addon) {
-            if ($addon instanceof EE_Addon) {
-                $addon->initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds the current code version to the saved wp option which stores a list of all ee versions ever installed.
-     *
-     * @param    array  $version_history
-     * @param    string $current_version_to_add version to be added to the version history
-     * @return    boolean success as to whether or not this option was changed
-     */
-    public function update_list_of_installed_versions($version_history = null, $current_version_to_add = null)
-    {
-        if (! $version_history) {
-            $version_history = $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option($version_history);
-        }
-        if ($current_version_to_add === null) {
-            $current_version_to_add = espresso_version();
-        }
-        $version_history[ $current_version_to_add ][] = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', time());
-        // re-save
-        return update_option('espresso_db_update', $version_history);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Detects if the current version indicated in the has existed in the list of
-     * previously-installed versions of EE (espresso_db_update). Does NOT modify it (ie, no side-effect)
-     *
-     * @param array $espresso_db_update array from the wp option stored under the name 'espresso_db_update'.
-     *                                  If not supplied, fetches it from the options table.
-     *                                  Also, caches its result so later parts of the code can also know whether
-     *                                  there's been an update or not. This way we can add the current version to
-     *                                  espresso_db_update, but still know if this is a new install or not
-     * @return int one of the constants on EE_System::req_type_
-     */
-    public function detect_req_type($espresso_db_update = null)
-    {
-        if ($this->_req_type === null) {
-            $espresso_db_update          = ! empty($espresso_db_update)
-                ? $espresso_db_update
-                : $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option();
-            $this->_req_type             = EE_System::detect_req_type_given_activation_history(
-                $espresso_db_update,
-                'ee_espresso_activation', espresso_version()
-            );
-            $this->_major_version_change = $this->_detect_major_version_change($espresso_db_update);
-            $this->request->setIsActivation($this->_req_type !== EE_System::req_type_normal);
-        }
-        return $this->_req_type;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether or not there was a non-micro version change (ie, change in either
-     * the first or second number in the version. Eg 4.9.0.rc.001 to 4.10.0.rc.000,
-     * but not 4.9.0.rc.0001 to 4.9.1.rc.0001
-     *
-     * @param $activation_history
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    private function _detect_major_version_change($activation_history)
-    {
-        $previous_version       = EE_System::_get_most_recently_active_version_from_activation_history($activation_history);
-        $previous_version_parts = explode('.', $previous_version);
-        $current_version_parts  = explode('.', espresso_version());
-        return isset($previous_version_parts[0], $previous_version_parts[1], $current_version_parts[0], $current_version_parts[1])
-               && ($previous_version_parts[0] !== $current_version_parts[0]
-                   || $previous_version_parts[1] !== $current_version_parts[1]
-               );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns true if either the major or minor version of EE changed during this request.
-     * Eg 4.9.0.rc.001 to 4.10.0.rc.000, but not 4.9.0.rc.0001 to 4.9.1.rc.0001
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function is_major_version_change()
-    {
-        return $this->_major_version_change;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Determines the request type for any ee addon, given three piece of info: the current array of activation
-     * histories (for core that' 'espresso_db_update' wp option); the name of the WordPress option which is temporarily
-     * set upon activation of the plugin (for core it's 'ee_espresso_activation'); and the version that this plugin was
-     * just activated to (for core that will always be espresso_version())
-     *
-     * @param array  $activation_history_for_addon     the option's value which stores the activation history for this
-     *                                                 ee plugin. for core that's 'espresso_db_update'
-     * @param string $activation_indicator_option_name the name of the WordPress option that is temporarily set to
-     *                                                 indicate that this plugin was just activated
-     * @param string $version_to_upgrade_to            the version that was just upgraded to (for core that will be
-     *                                                 espresso_version())
-     * @return int one of the constants on EE_System::req_type_*
-     */
-    public static function detect_req_type_given_activation_history(
-        $activation_history_for_addon,
-        $activation_indicator_option_name,
-        $version_to_upgrade_to
-    ) {
-        $version_is_higher = self::_new_version_is_higher($activation_history_for_addon, $version_to_upgrade_to);
-        if ($activation_history_for_addon) {
-            //it exists, so this isn't a completely new install
-            //check if this version already in that list of previously installed versions
-            if (! isset($activation_history_for_addon[ $version_to_upgrade_to ])) {
-                //it a version we haven't seen before
-                if ($version_is_higher === 1) {
-                    $req_type = EE_System::req_type_upgrade;
-                } else {
-                    $req_type = EE_System::req_type_downgrade;
-                }
-                delete_option($activation_indicator_option_name);
-            } else {
-                // its not an update. maybe a reactivation?
-                if (get_option($activation_indicator_option_name, false)) {
-                    if ($version_is_higher === -1) {
-                        $req_type = EE_System::req_type_downgrade;
-                    } elseif ($version_is_higher === 0) {
-                        //we've seen this version before, but it's an activation. must be a reactivation
-                        $req_type = EE_System::req_type_reactivation;
-                    } else {//$version_is_higher === 1
-                        $req_type = EE_System::req_type_upgrade;
-                    }
-                    delete_option($activation_indicator_option_name);
-                } else {
-                    //we've seen this version before and the activation indicate doesn't show it was just activated
-                    if ($version_is_higher === -1) {
-                        $req_type = EE_System::req_type_downgrade;
-                    } elseif ($version_is_higher === 0) {
-                        //we've seen this version before and it's not an activation. its normal request
-                        $req_type = EE_System::req_type_normal;
-                    } else {//$version_is_higher === 1
-                        $req_type = EE_System::req_type_upgrade;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            //brand new install
-            $req_type = EE_System::req_type_new_activation;
-            delete_option($activation_indicator_option_name);
-        }
-        return $req_type;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Detects if the $version_to_upgrade_to is higher than the most recent version in
-     * the $activation_history_for_addon
-     *
-     * @param array  $activation_history_for_addon (keys are versions, values are arrays of times activated,
-     *                                             sometimes containing 'unknown-date'
-     * @param string $version_to_upgrade_to        (current version)
-     * @return int results of version_compare( $version_to_upgrade_to, $most_recently_active_version ).
-     *                                             ie, -1 if $version_to_upgrade_to is LOWER (downgrade);
-     *                                             0 if $version_to_upgrade_to MATCHES (reactivation or normal request);
-     *                                             1 if $version_to_upgrade_to is HIGHER (upgrade) ;
-     */
-    private static function _new_version_is_higher($activation_history_for_addon, $version_to_upgrade_to)
-    {
-        //find the most recently-activated version
-        $most_recently_active_version =
-            EE_System::_get_most_recently_active_version_from_activation_history($activation_history_for_addon);
-        return version_compare($version_to_upgrade_to, $most_recently_active_version);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the most recently active version listed in the activation history,
-     * and if none are found (ie, it's a brand new install) returns '0.0.0.dev.000'.
-     *
-     * @param array $activation_history  (keys are versions, values are arrays of times activated,
-     *                                   sometimes containing 'unknown-date'
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private static function _get_most_recently_active_version_from_activation_history($activation_history)
-    {
-        $most_recently_active_version_activation = '1970-01-01 00:00:00';
-        $most_recently_active_version            = '0.0.0.dev.000';
-        if (is_array($activation_history)) {
-            foreach ($activation_history as $version => $times_activated) {
-                //check there is a record of when this version was activated. Otherwise,
-                //mark it as unknown
-                if (! $times_activated) {
-                    $times_activated = array('unknown-date');
-                }
-                if (is_string($times_activated)) {
-                    $times_activated = array($times_activated);
-                }
-                foreach ($times_activated as $an_activation) {
-                    if ($an_activation !== 'unknown-date'
-                        && $an_activation
-                           > $most_recently_active_version_activation) {
-                        $most_recently_active_version            = $version;
-                        $most_recently_active_version_activation = $an_activation === 'unknown-date'
-                            ? '1970-01-01 00:00:00'
-                            : $an_activation;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $most_recently_active_version;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This redirects to the about EE page after activation
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function redirect_to_about_ee()
-    {
-        $notices = EE_Error::get_notices(false);
-        //if current user is an admin and it's not an ajax or rest request
-        if (
-            ! isset($notices['errors'])
-            && $this->request->isAdmin()
-            && apply_filters(
-                'FHEE__EE_System__redirect_to_about_ee__do_redirect',
-                $this->capabilities->current_user_can('manage_options', 'espresso_about_default')
-            )
-        ) {
-            $query_params = array('page' => 'espresso_about');
-            if (EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() === EE_System::req_type_new_activation) {
-                $query_params['new_activation'] = true;
-            }
-            if (EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() === EE_System::req_type_reactivation) {
-                $query_params['reactivation'] = true;
-            }
-            $url = add_query_arg($query_params, admin_url('admin.php'));
-            wp_safe_redirect($url);
-            exit();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * load_core_configuration
-     * this is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration'
-     * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 5
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function load_core_configuration()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_core_configuration__begin', $this);
-        $this->loader->getShared('EE_Load_Textdomain');
-        //load textdomain
-        EE_Load_Textdomain::load_textdomain();
-        // load and setup EE_Config and EE_Network_Config
-        $config = $this->loader->getShared('EE_Config');
-        $this->loader->getShared('EE_Network_Config');
-        // setup autoloaders
-        // enable logging?
-        if ($config->admin->use_full_logging) {
-            $this->loader->getShared('EE_Log');
-        }
-        // check for activation errors
-        $activation_errors = get_option('ee_plugin_activation_errors', false);
-        if ($activation_errors) {
-            EE_Error::add_error($activation_errors, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            update_option('ee_plugin_activation_errors', false);
-        }
-        // get model names
-        $this->_parse_model_names();
-        //load caf stuff a chance to play during the activation process too.
-        $this->_maybe_brew_regular();
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_core_configuration__complete', $this);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * cycles through all of the models/*.model.php files, and assembles an array of model names
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _parse_model_names()
-    {
-        //get all the files in the EE_MODELS folder that end in .model.php
-        $models                 = glob(EE_MODELS . '*.model.php');
-        $model_names            = array();
-        $non_abstract_db_models = array();
-        foreach ($models as $model) {
-            // get model classname
-            $classname       = EEH_File::get_classname_from_filepath_with_standard_filename($model);
-            $short_name      = str_replace('EEM_', '', $classname);
-            $reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass($classname);
-            if ($reflectionClass->isSubclassOf('EEM_Base') && ! $reflectionClass->isAbstract()) {
-                $non_abstract_db_models[ $short_name ] = $classname;
-            }
-            $model_names[ $short_name ] = $classname;
-        }
-        $this->registry->models                 = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_System__parse_model_names', $model_names);
-        $this->registry->non_abstract_db_models = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_System__parse_implemented_model_names',
-            $non_abstract_db_models
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * The purpose of this method is to simply check for a file named "caffeinated/brewing_regular.php" for any hooks
-     * that need to be setup before our EE_System launches.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function _maybe_brew_regular()
-    {
-        if ((! defined('EE_DECAF') || EE_DECAF !== true) && is_readable(EE_CAFF_PATH . 'brewing_regular.php')) {
-            require_once EE_CAFF_PATH . 'brewing_regular.php';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets
-     * generate lists of shortcodes and modules, then verify paths and classes
-     * This is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets'
-     * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 7
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets()
-    {
-        if ($this->request->isFrontend() || $this->request->isIframe()) {
-            try {
-                // load, register, and add shortcodes the new way
-                $this->loader->getShared(
-                    'EventEspresso\core\services\shortcodes\ShortcodesManager',
-                    array(
-                        // and the old way, but we'll put it under control of the new system
-                        EE_Config::getLegacyShortcodesManager(),
-                    )
-                );
-            } catch (Exception $exception) {
-                new ExceptionStackTraceDisplay($exception);
-            }
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets');
-        // check for addons using old hook point
-        if (has_action('AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_addons')) {
-            $this->_incompatible_addon_error();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * _incompatible_addon_error
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function _incompatible_addon_error()
-    {
-        // get array of classes hooking into here
-        $class_names = EEH_Class_Tools::get_class_names_for_all_callbacks_on_hook(
-            'AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_addons'
-        );
-        if (! empty($class_names)) {
-            $msg = __(
-                'The following plugins, addons, or modules appear to be incompatible with this version of Event Espresso and were automatically deactivated to avoid fatal errors:',
-                'event_espresso'
-            );
-            $msg .= '<ul>';
-            foreach ($class_names as $class_name) {
-                $msg .= '<li><b>Event Espresso - ' . str_replace(
-                        array('EE_', 'EEM_', 'EED_', 'EES_', 'EEW_'), '',
-                        $class_name
-                    ) . '</b></li>';
-            }
-            $msg .= '</ul>';
-            $msg .= __(
-                'Compatibility issues can be avoided and/or resolved by keeping addons and plugins updated to the latest version.',
-                'event_espresso'
-            );
-            // save list of incompatible addons to wp-options for later use
-            add_option('ee_incompatible_addons', $class_names, '', 'no');
-            if (is_admin()) {
-                EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * brew_espresso
-     * begins the process of setting hooks for initializing EE in the correct order
-     * This is happening on the 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__brew_espresso' hook point
-     * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 9
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function brew_espresso()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__begin', $this);
-        // load some final core systems
-        add_action('init', array($this, 'set_hooks_for_core'), 1);
-        add_action('init', array($this, 'perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations'), 3);
-        add_action('init', array($this, 'load_CPTs_and_session'), 5);
-        add_action('init', array($this, 'load_controllers'), 7);
-        add_action('init', array($this, 'core_loaded_and_ready'), 9);
-        add_action('init', array($this, 'initialize'), 10);
-        add_action('init', array($this, 'initialize_last'), 100);
-        if (is_admin() && apply_filters('FHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__load_pue', true)) {
-            // pew pew pew
-            $this->loader->getShared('EE_PUE');
-            do_action('AHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__after_pue_init');
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__complete', $this);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    set_hooks_for_core
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return    void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_hooks_for_core()
-    {
-        $this->_deactivate_incompatible_addons();
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__set_hooks_for_core');
-        //caps need to be initialized on every request so that capability maps are set.
-        //@see https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/8674
-        $this->registry->CAP->init_caps();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Using the information gathered in EE_System::_incompatible_addon_error,
-     * deactivates any addons considered incompatible with the current version of EE
-     */
-    private function _deactivate_incompatible_addons()
-    {
-        $incompatible_addons = get_option('ee_incompatible_addons', array());
-        if (! empty($incompatible_addons)) {
-            $active_plugins = get_option('active_plugins', array());
-            foreach ($active_plugins as $active_plugin) {
-                foreach ($incompatible_addons as $incompatible_addon) {
-                    if (strpos($active_plugin, $incompatible_addon) !== false) {
-                        unset($_GET['activate']);
-                        espresso_deactivate_plugin($active_plugin);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return    void
-     */
-    public function perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    load_CPTs_and_session
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return    void
-     */
-    public function load_CPTs_and_session()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_CPTs_and_session__start');
-        // register Custom Post Types
-        $this->loader->getShared('EE_Register_CPTs');
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_CPTs_and_session__complete');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * load_controllers
-     * this is the best place to load any additional controllers that needs access to EE core.
-     * it is expected that all basic core EE systems, that are not dependant on the current request are loaded at this
-     * time
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function load_controllers()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__start');
-        // let's get it started
-        if (
-            ! $this->maintenance_mode->level()
-            && ($this->request->isFrontend() || $this->request->isFrontAjax())
-        ) {
-            do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__load_front_controllers');
-            $this->loader->getShared('EE_Front_Controller');
-        } elseif ($this->request->isAdmin() || $this->request->isAdminAjax()) {
-            do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__load_admin_controllers');
-            $this->loader->getShared('EE_Admin');
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__complete');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * core_loaded_and_ready
-     * all of the basic EE core should be loaded at this point and available regardless of M-Mode
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function core_loaded_and_ready()
-    {
-        if (
-            $this->request->isAdmin()
-            || $this->request->isEeAjax()
-            || $this->request->isFrontend()
-        ) {
-            $this->loader->getShared('EE_Session');
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__core_loaded_and_ready');
-        // load_espresso_template_tags
-        if (
-            is_readable(EE_PUBLIC . 'template_tags.php')
-            && ($this->request->isFrontend() || $this->request->isIframe() || $this->request->isFeed())
-        ) {
-            require_once EE_PUBLIC . 'template_tags.php';
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__set_hooks_for_shortcodes_modules_and_addons');
-        if ($this->request->isAdmin() || $this->request->isFrontend() || $this->request->isIframe()) {
-            $this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\assets\Registry');
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * initialize
-     * this is the best place to begin initializing client code
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function initialize()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * initialize_last
-     * this is run really late during the WP init hook point, and ensures that mostly everything else that needs to
-     * initialize has done so
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function initialize_last()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize_last');
-        add_action('admin_bar_init', array($this, 'addEspressoToolbar'));
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function addEspressoToolbar()
-    {
-        $this->loader->getShared(
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\admin\AdminToolBar',
-            array($this->registry->CAP)
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * do_not_cache
-     * sets no cache headers and defines no cache constants for WP plugins
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function do_not_cache()
-    {
-        // set no cache constants
-        if (! defined('DONOTCACHEPAGE')) {
-            define('DONOTCACHEPAGE', true);
-        }
-        if (! defined('DONOTCACHCEOBJECT')) {
-            define('DONOTCACHCEOBJECT', true);
-        }
-        if (! defined('DONOTCACHEDB')) {
-            define('DONOTCACHEDB', true);
-        }
-        // add no cache headers
-        add_action('send_headers', array('EE_System', 'nocache_headers'), 10);
-        // plus a little extra for nginx and Google Chrome
-        add_filter('nocache_headers', array('EE_System', 'extra_nocache_headers'), 10, 1);
-        // prevent browsers from prefetching of the rel='next' link, because it may contain content that interferes with the registration process
-        remove_action('wp_head', 'adjacent_posts_rel_link_wp_head');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    extra_nocache_headers
-     *
-     * @access    public
-     * @param $headers
-     * @return    array
-     */
-    public static function extra_nocache_headers($headers)
-    {
-        // for NGINX
-        $headers['X-Accel-Expires'] = 0;
-        // plus extra for Google Chrome since it doesn't seem to respect "no-cache", but WILL respect "no-store"
-        $headers['Cache-Control'] = 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0';
-        return $headers;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    nocache_headers
-     *
-     * @access    public
-     * @return    void
-     */
-    public static function nocache_headers()
-    {
-        nocache_headers();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * simply hooks into "wp_list_pages_exclude" filter (for wp_list_pages method) and makes sure EE critical pages are
-     * never returned with the function.
-     *
-     * @param  array $exclude_array any existing pages being excluded are in this array.
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function remove_pages_from_wp_list_pages($exclude_array)
-    {
-        return array_merge($exclude_array, $this->registry->CFG->core->get_critical_pages_array());
-    }
+	/**
+	 * indicates this is a 'normal' request. Ie, not activation, nor upgrade, nor activation.
+	 * So examples of this would be a normal GET request on the frontend or backend, or a POST, etc
+	 */
+	const req_type_normal = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * Indicates this is a brand new installation of EE so we should install
+	 * tables and default data etc
+	 */
+	const req_type_new_activation = 1;
+
+	/**
+	 * we've detected that EE has been reactivated (or EE was activated during maintenance mode,
+	 * and we just exited maintenance mode). We MUST check the database is setup properly
+	 * and that default data is setup too
+	 */
+	const req_type_reactivation = 2;
+
+	/**
+	 * indicates that EE has been upgraded since its previous request.
+	 * We may have data migration scripts to call and will want to trigger maintenance mode
+	 */
+	const req_type_upgrade = 3;
+
+	/**
+	 * TODO  will detect that EE has been DOWNGRADED. We probably don't want to run in this case...
+	 */
+	const req_type_downgrade = 4;
+
+	/**
+	 * @deprecated since version 4.6.0.dev.006
+	 * Now whenever a new_activation is detected the request type is still just
+	 * new_activation (same for reactivation, upgrade, downgrade etc), but if we'r ein maintenance mode
+	 * EE_System::initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required and EE_Addon::initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required
+	 * will instead enqueue that EE plugin's db initialization for when we're taken out of maintenance mode.
+	 * (Specifically, when the migration manager indicates migrations are finished
+	 * EE_Data_Migration_Manager::initialize_db_for_enqueued_ee_plugins() will be called)
+	 */
+	const req_type_activation_but_not_installed = 5;
+
+	/**
+	 * option prefix for recording the activation history (like core's "espresso_db_update") of addons
+	 */
+	const addon_activation_history_option_prefix = 'ee_addon_activation_history_';
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_System $_instance
+	 */
+	private static $_instance;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Registry $registry
+	 */
+	private $registry;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var LoaderInterface $loader
+	 */
+	private $loader;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Capabilities $capabilities
+	 */
+	private $capabilities;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var RequestInterface $request
+	 */
+	private $request;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode
+	 */
+	private $maintenance_mode;
+
+	/**
+	 * Stores which type of request this is, options being one of the constants on EE_System starting with req_type_*.
+	 * It can be a brand-new activation, a reactivation, an upgrade, a downgrade, or a normal request.
+	 *
+	 * @var int $_req_type
+	 */
+	private $_req_type;
+
+	/**
+	 * Whether or not there was a non-micro version change in EE core version during this request
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean $_major_version_change
+	 */
+	private $_major_version_change = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * A Context DTO dedicated solely to identifying the current request type.
+	 *
+	 * @var RequestTypeContextCheckerInterface $request_type
+	 */
+	private $request_type;
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @singleton method used to instantiate class object
+	 * @param EE_Registry|null         $registry
+	 * @param LoaderInterface|null     $loader
+	 * @param RequestInterface|null          $request
+	 * @param EE_Maintenance_Mode|null $maintenance_mode
+	 * @return EE_System
+	 */
+	public static function instance(
+		EE_Registry $registry = null,
+		LoaderInterface $loader = null,
+		RequestInterface $request = null,
+		EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode = null
+	) {
+		// check if class object is instantiated
+		if (! self::$_instance instanceof EE_System) {
+			self::$_instance = new self($registry, $loader, $request, $maintenance_mode);
+		}
+		return self::$_instance;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * resets the instance and returns it
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_System
+	 */
+	public static function reset()
+	{
+		self::$_instance->_req_type = null;
+		//make sure none of the old hooks are left hanging around
+		remove_all_actions('AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations');
+		//we need to reset the migration manager in order for it to detect DMSs properly
+		EE_Data_Migration_Manager::reset();
+		self::instance()->detect_activations_or_upgrades();
+		self::instance()->perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations();
+		return self::instance();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets hooks for running rest of system
+	 * provides "AHEE__EE_System__construct__complete" hook for EE Addons to use as their starting point
+	 * starting EE Addons from any other point may lead to problems
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Registry         $registry
+	 * @param LoaderInterface     $loader
+	 * @param RequestInterface          $request
+	 * @param EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode
+	 */
+	private function __construct(
+		EE_Registry $registry,
+		LoaderInterface $loader,
+		RequestInterface $request,
+		EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode
+	) {
+		$this->registry         = $registry;
+		$this->loader           = $loader;
+		$this->request          = $request;
+		$this->maintenance_mode = $maintenance_mode;
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__construct__begin', $this);
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
+			array($this, 'loadCapabilities'),
+			5
+		);
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
+			array($this, 'loadCommandBus'),
+			7
+		);
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
+			array($this, 'loadPluginApi'),
+			9
+		);
+		// allow addons to load first so that they can register autoloaders, set hooks for running DMS's, etc
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
+			array($this, 'load_espresso_addons')
+		);
+		// when an ee addon is activated, we want to call the core hook(s) again
+		// because the newly-activated addon didn't get a chance to run at all
+		add_action('activate_plugin', array($this, 'load_espresso_addons'), 1);
+		// detect whether install or upgrade
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__detect_activations_or_upgrades',
+			array($this, 'detect_activations_or_upgrades'),
+			3
+		);
+		// load EE_Config, EE_Textdomain, etc
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration',
+			array($this, 'load_core_configuration'),
+			5
+		);
+		// load EE_Config, EE_Textdomain, etc
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets',
+			array($this, 'register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets'),
+			7
+		);
+		// you wanna get going? I wanna get going... let's get going!
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__brew_espresso',
+			array($this, 'brew_espresso'),
+			9
+		);
+		//other housekeeping
+		//exclude EE critical pages from wp_list_pages
+		add_filter(
+			'wp_list_pages_excludes',
+			array($this, 'remove_pages_from_wp_list_pages'),
+			10
+		);
+		// ALL EE Addons should use the following hook point to attach their initial setup too
+		// it's extremely important for EE Addons to register any class autoloaders so that they can be available when the EE_Config loads
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__construct__complete', $this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * load and setup EE_Capabilities
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function loadCapabilities()
+	{
+		$this->capabilities = $this->loader->getShared('EE_Capabilities');
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Capabilities__init_caps__before_initialization',
+			function ()
+			{
+				LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EE_Payment_Method_Manager');
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * create and cache the CommandBus, and also add middleware
+	 * The CapChecker middleware requires the use of EE_Capabilities
+	 * which is why we need to load the CommandBus after Caps are set up
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function loadCommandBus()
+	{
+		$this->loader->getShared(
+			'CommandBusInterface',
+			array(
+				null,
+				apply_filters(
+					'FHEE__EE_Load_Espresso_Core__handle_request__CommandBus_middleware',
+					array(
+						$this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\CapChecker'),
+						$this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\AddActionHook'),
+					)
+				),
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function loadPluginApi()
+	{
+		// set autoloaders for all of the classes implementing EEI_Plugin_API
+		// which provide helpers for EE plugin authors to more easily register certain components with EE.
+		EEH_Autoloader::instance()->register_autoloaders_for_each_file_in_folder(EE_LIBRARIES . 'plugin_api');
+		$this->loader->getShared('EE_Request_Handler');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $addon_name
+	 * @param string $version_constant
+	 * @param string $min_version_required
+	 * @param string $load_callback
+	 * @param string $plugin_file_constant
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	private function deactivateIncompatibleAddon(
+		$addon_name,
+		$version_constant,
+		$min_version_required,
+		$load_callback,
+		$plugin_file_constant
+	) {
+		if (! defined($version_constant)) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$addon_version = constant($version_constant);
+		if ($addon_version && version_compare($addon_version, $min_version_required, '<')) {
+			remove_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons', $load_callback);
+			if (! function_exists('deactivate_plugins')) {
+				require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/plugin.php';
+			}
+			deactivate_plugins(plugin_basename(constant($plugin_file_constant)));
+			unset($_GET['activate'], $_REQUEST['activate'], $_GET['activate-multi'], $_REQUEST['activate-multi']);
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'We\'re sorry, but the Event Espresso %1$s addon was deactivated because version %2$s or higher is required with this version of Event Espresso core.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$addon_name,
+					$min_version_required
+				),
+				__FILE__, __FUNCTION__ . "({$addon_name})", __LINE__
+			);
+			EE_Error::get_notices(false, true);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * load_espresso_addons
+	 * allow addons to load first so that they can set hooks for running DMS's, etc
+	 * this is hooked into both:
+	 *    'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration'
+	 *        which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 5
+	 *    and the WP 'activate_plugin' hook point
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function load_espresso_addons()
+	{
+		$this->deactivateIncompatibleAddon(
+			'Wait Lists',
+			'EE_WAIT_LISTS_VERSION',
+			'1.0.0.beta.074',
+			'load_espresso_wait_lists',
+			'EE_WAIT_LISTS_PLUGIN_FILE'
+		);
+		$this->deactivateIncompatibleAddon(
+			'Automated Upcoming Event Notifications',
+			'EE_AUTOMATED_UPCOMING_EVENT_NOTIFICATION_VERSION',
+			'1.0.0.beta.091',
+			'load_espresso_automated_upcoming_event_notification',
+			'EE_AUTOMATED_UPCOMING_EVENT_NOTIFICATION_PLUGIN_FILE'
+		);
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons');
+		//if the WP API basic auth plugin isn't already loaded, load it now.
+		//We want it for mobile apps. Just include the entire plugin
+		//also, don't load the basic auth when a plugin is getting activated, because
+		//it could be the basic auth plugin, and it doesn't check if its methods are already defined
+		//and causes a fatal error
+		if (
+			$this->request->getRequestParam('activate') !== 'true'
+			&& ! function_exists('json_basic_auth_handler')
+			&& ! function_exists('json_basic_auth_error')
+			&& ! in_array(
+				$this->request->getRequestParam('action'),
+				array('activate', 'activate-selected'),
+				true
+			)
+		) {
+			include_once EE_THIRD_PARTY . 'wp-api-basic-auth' . DS . 'basic-auth.php';
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons__complete');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * detect_activations_or_upgrades
+	 * Checks for activation or upgrade of core first;
+	 * then also checks if any registered addons have been activated or upgraded
+	 * This is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__detect_activations_or_upgrades'
+	 * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 3
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function detect_activations_or_upgrades()
+	{
+		//first off: let's make sure to handle core
+		$this->detect_if_activation_or_upgrade();
+		foreach ($this->registry->addons as $addon) {
+			if ($addon instanceof EE_Addon) {
+				//detect teh request type for that addon
+				$addon->detect_activation_or_upgrade();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * detect_if_activation_or_upgrade
+	 * Takes care of detecting whether this is a brand new install or code upgrade,
+	 * and either setting up the DB or setting up maintenance mode etc.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function detect_if_activation_or_upgrade()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System___detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__begin');
+		// check if db has been updated, or if its a brand-new installation
+		$espresso_db_update = $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option();
+		$request_type       = $this->detect_req_type($espresso_db_update);
+		//EEH_Debug_Tools::printr( $request_type, '$request_type', __FILE__, __LINE__ );
+		switch ($request_type) {
+			case EE_System::req_type_new_activation:
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__new_activation');
+				$this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
+				break;
+			case EE_System::req_type_reactivation:
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__reactivation');
+				$this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
+				break;
+			case EE_System::req_type_upgrade:
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__upgrade');
+				//migrations may be required now that we've upgraded
+				$this->maintenance_mode->set_maintenance_mode_if_db_old();
+				$this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
+				//				echo "done upgrade";die;
+				break;
+			case EE_System::req_type_downgrade:
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__downgrade');
+				//its possible migrations are no longer required
+				$this->maintenance_mode->set_maintenance_mode_if_db_old();
+				$this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
+				break;
+			case EE_System::req_type_normal:
+			default:
+				break;
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__complete');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the list of installed versions and sets hooks for
+	 * initializing the database later during the request
+	 *
+	 * @param array $espresso_db_update
+	 */
+	private function _handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update)
+	{
+		$this->update_list_of_installed_versions($espresso_db_update);
+		//get ready to verify the DB is ok (provided we aren't in maintenance mode, of course)
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations',
+			array($this, 'initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * standardizes the wp option 'espresso_db_upgrade' which actually stores
+	 * information about what versions of EE have been installed and activated,
+	 * NOT necessarily the state of the database
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $espresso_db_update           the value of the WordPress option.
+	 *                                            If not supplied, fetches it from the options table
+	 * @return array the correct value of 'espresso_db_upgrade', after saving it, if it needed correction
+	 */
+	private function fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option($espresso_db_update = null)
+	{
+		do_action('FHEE__EE_System__manage_fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option__begin', $espresso_db_update);
+		if (! $espresso_db_update) {
+			$espresso_db_update = get_option('espresso_db_update');
+		}
+		// check that option is an array
+		if (! is_array($espresso_db_update)) {
+			// if option is FALSE, then it never existed
+			if ($espresso_db_update === false) {
+				// make $espresso_db_update an array and save option with autoload OFF
+				$espresso_db_update = array();
+				add_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update, '', 'no');
+			} else {
+				// option is NOT FALSE but also is NOT an array, so make it an array and save it
+				$espresso_db_update = array($espresso_db_update => array());
+				update_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update);
+			}
+		} else {
+			$corrected_db_update = array();
+			//if IS an array, but is it an array where KEYS are version numbers, and values are arrays?
+			foreach ($espresso_db_update as $should_be_version_string => $should_be_array) {
+				if (is_int($should_be_version_string) && ! is_array($should_be_array)) {
+					//the key is an int, and the value IS NOT an array
+					//so it must be numerically-indexed, where values are versions installed...
+					//fix it!
+					$version_string                         = $should_be_array;
+					$corrected_db_update[ $version_string ] = array('unknown-date');
+				} else {
+					//ok it checks out
+					$corrected_db_update[ $should_be_version_string ] = $should_be_array;
+				}
+			}
+			$espresso_db_update = $corrected_db_update;
+			update_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update);
+		}
+		do_action('FHEE__EE_System__manage_fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option__complete', $espresso_db_update);
+		return $espresso_db_update;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does the traditional work of setting up the plugin's database and adding default data.
+	 * If migration script/process did not exist, this is what would happen on every activation/reactivation/upgrade.
+	 * NOTE: if we're in maintenance mode (which would be the case if we detect there are data
+	 * migration scripts that need to be run and a version change happens), enqueues core for database initialization,
+	 * so that it will be done when migrations are finished
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $initialize_addons_too if true, we double-check addons' database tables etc too;
+	 * @param boolean $verify_schema         if true will re-check the database tables have the correct schema.
+	 *                                       This is a resource-intensive job
+	 *                                       so we prefer to only do it when necessary
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required($initialize_addons_too = false, $verify_schema = true)
+	{
+		$request_type = $this->detect_req_type();
+		//only initialize system if we're not in maintenance mode.
+		if ($this->maintenance_mode->level() !== EE_Maintenance_Mode::level_2_complete_maintenance) {
+			update_option('ee_flush_rewrite_rules', true);
+			if ($verify_schema) {
+				EEH_Activation::initialize_db_and_folders();
+			}
+			EEH_Activation::initialize_db_content();
+			EEH_Activation::system_initialization();
+			if ($initialize_addons_too) {
+				$this->initialize_addons();
+			}
+		} else {
+			EE_Data_Migration_Manager::instance()->enqueue_db_initialization_for('Core');
+		}
+		if ($request_type === EE_System::req_type_new_activation
+			|| $request_type === EE_System::req_type_reactivation
+			|| (
+				$request_type === EE_System::req_type_upgrade
+				&& $this->is_major_version_change()
+			)
+		) {
+			add_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize_last', array($this, 'redirect_to_about_ee'), 9);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Initializes the db for all registered addons
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function initialize_addons()
+	{
+		//foreach registered addon, make sure its db is up-to-date too
+		foreach ($this->registry->addons as $addon) {
+			if ($addon instanceof EE_Addon) {
+				$addon->initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds the current code version to the saved wp option which stores a list of all ee versions ever installed.
+	 *
+	 * @param    array  $version_history
+	 * @param    string $current_version_to_add version to be added to the version history
+	 * @return    boolean success as to whether or not this option was changed
+	 */
+	public function update_list_of_installed_versions($version_history = null, $current_version_to_add = null)
+	{
+		if (! $version_history) {
+			$version_history = $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option($version_history);
+		}
+		if ($current_version_to_add === null) {
+			$current_version_to_add = espresso_version();
+		}
+		$version_history[ $current_version_to_add ][] = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', time());
+		// re-save
+		return update_option('espresso_db_update', $version_history);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Detects if the current version indicated in the has existed in the list of
+	 * previously-installed versions of EE (espresso_db_update). Does NOT modify it (ie, no side-effect)
+	 *
+	 * @param array $espresso_db_update array from the wp option stored under the name 'espresso_db_update'.
+	 *                                  If not supplied, fetches it from the options table.
+	 *                                  Also, caches its result so later parts of the code can also know whether
+	 *                                  there's been an update or not. This way we can add the current version to
+	 *                                  espresso_db_update, but still know if this is a new install or not
+	 * @return int one of the constants on EE_System::req_type_
+	 */
+	public function detect_req_type($espresso_db_update = null)
+	{
+		if ($this->_req_type === null) {
+			$espresso_db_update          = ! empty($espresso_db_update)
+				? $espresso_db_update
+				: $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option();
+			$this->_req_type             = EE_System::detect_req_type_given_activation_history(
+				$espresso_db_update,
+				'ee_espresso_activation', espresso_version()
+			);
+			$this->_major_version_change = $this->_detect_major_version_change($espresso_db_update);
+			$this->request->setIsActivation($this->_req_type !== EE_System::req_type_normal);
+		}
+		return $this->_req_type;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether or not there was a non-micro version change (ie, change in either
+	 * the first or second number in the version. Eg 4.9.0.rc.001 to 4.10.0.rc.000,
+	 * but not 4.9.0.rc.0001 to 4.9.1.rc.0001
+	 *
+	 * @param $activation_history
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	private function _detect_major_version_change($activation_history)
+	{
+		$previous_version       = EE_System::_get_most_recently_active_version_from_activation_history($activation_history);
+		$previous_version_parts = explode('.', $previous_version);
+		$current_version_parts  = explode('.', espresso_version());
+		return isset($previous_version_parts[0], $previous_version_parts[1], $current_version_parts[0], $current_version_parts[1])
+			   && ($previous_version_parts[0] !== $current_version_parts[0]
+				   || $previous_version_parts[1] !== $current_version_parts[1]
+			   );
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns true if either the major or minor version of EE changed during this request.
+	 * Eg 4.9.0.rc.001 to 4.10.0.rc.000, but not 4.9.0.rc.0001 to 4.9.1.rc.0001
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public function is_major_version_change()
+	{
+		return $this->_major_version_change;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines the request type for any ee addon, given three piece of info: the current array of activation
+	 * histories (for core that' 'espresso_db_update' wp option); the name of the WordPress option which is temporarily
+	 * set upon activation of the plugin (for core it's 'ee_espresso_activation'); and the version that this plugin was
+	 * just activated to (for core that will always be espresso_version())
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $activation_history_for_addon     the option's value which stores the activation history for this
+	 *                                                 ee plugin. for core that's 'espresso_db_update'
+	 * @param string $activation_indicator_option_name the name of the WordPress option that is temporarily set to
+	 *                                                 indicate that this plugin was just activated
+	 * @param string $version_to_upgrade_to            the version that was just upgraded to (for core that will be
+	 *                                                 espresso_version())
+	 * @return int one of the constants on EE_System::req_type_*
+	 */
+	public static function detect_req_type_given_activation_history(
+		$activation_history_for_addon,
+		$activation_indicator_option_name,
+		$version_to_upgrade_to
+	) {
+		$version_is_higher = self::_new_version_is_higher($activation_history_for_addon, $version_to_upgrade_to);
+		if ($activation_history_for_addon) {
+			//it exists, so this isn't a completely new install
+			//check if this version already in that list of previously installed versions
+			if (! isset($activation_history_for_addon[ $version_to_upgrade_to ])) {
+				//it a version we haven't seen before
+				if ($version_is_higher === 1) {
+					$req_type = EE_System::req_type_upgrade;
+				} else {
+					$req_type = EE_System::req_type_downgrade;
+				}
+				delete_option($activation_indicator_option_name);
+			} else {
+				// its not an update. maybe a reactivation?
+				if (get_option($activation_indicator_option_name, false)) {
+					if ($version_is_higher === -1) {
+						$req_type = EE_System::req_type_downgrade;
+					} elseif ($version_is_higher === 0) {
+						//we've seen this version before, but it's an activation. must be a reactivation
+						$req_type = EE_System::req_type_reactivation;
+					} else {//$version_is_higher === 1
+						$req_type = EE_System::req_type_upgrade;
+					}
+					delete_option($activation_indicator_option_name);
+				} else {
+					//we've seen this version before and the activation indicate doesn't show it was just activated
+					if ($version_is_higher === -1) {
+						$req_type = EE_System::req_type_downgrade;
+					} elseif ($version_is_higher === 0) {
+						//we've seen this version before and it's not an activation. its normal request
+						$req_type = EE_System::req_type_normal;
+					} else {//$version_is_higher === 1
+						$req_type = EE_System::req_type_upgrade;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			//brand new install
+			$req_type = EE_System::req_type_new_activation;
+			delete_option($activation_indicator_option_name);
+		}
+		return $req_type;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Detects if the $version_to_upgrade_to is higher than the most recent version in
+	 * the $activation_history_for_addon
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $activation_history_for_addon (keys are versions, values are arrays of times activated,
+	 *                                             sometimes containing 'unknown-date'
+	 * @param string $version_to_upgrade_to        (current version)
+	 * @return int results of version_compare( $version_to_upgrade_to, $most_recently_active_version ).
+	 *                                             ie, -1 if $version_to_upgrade_to is LOWER (downgrade);
+	 *                                             0 if $version_to_upgrade_to MATCHES (reactivation or normal request);
+	 *                                             1 if $version_to_upgrade_to is HIGHER (upgrade) ;
+	 */
+	private static function _new_version_is_higher($activation_history_for_addon, $version_to_upgrade_to)
+	{
+		//find the most recently-activated version
+		$most_recently_active_version =
+			EE_System::_get_most_recently_active_version_from_activation_history($activation_history_for_addon);
+		return version_compare($version_to_upgrade_to, $most_recently_active_version);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the most recently active version listed in the activation history,
+	 * and if none are found (ie, it's a brand new install) returns '0.0.0.dev.000'.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $activation_history  (keys are versions, values are arrays of times activated,
+	 *                                   sometimes containing 'unknown-date'
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private static function _get_most_recently_active_version_from_activation_history($activation_history)
+	{
+		$most_recently_active_version_activation = '1970-01-01 00:00:00';
+		$most_recently_active_version            = '0.0.0.dev.000';
+		if (is_array($activation_history)) {
+			foreach ($activation_history as $version => $times_activated) {
+				//check there is a record of when this version was activated. Otherwise,
+				//mark it as unknown
+				if (! $times_activated) {
+					$times_activated = array('unknown-date');
+				}
+				if (is_string($times_activated)) {
+					$times_activated = array($times_activated);
+				}
+				foreach ($times_activated as $an_activation) {
+					if ($an_activation !== 'unknown-date'
+						&& $an_activation
+						   > $most_recently_active_version_activation) {
+						$most_recently_active_version            = $version;
+						$most_recently_active_version_activation = $an_activation === 'unknown-date'
+							? '1970-01-01 00:00:00'
+							: $an_activation;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $most_recently_active_version;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This redirects to the about EE page after activation
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function redirect_to_about_ee()
+	{
+		$notices = EE_Error::get_notices(false);
+		//if current user is an admin and it's not an ajax or rest request
+		if (
+			! isset($notices['errors'])
+			&& $this->request->isAdmin()
+			&& apply_filters(
+				'FHEE__EE_System__redirect_to_about_ee__do_redirect',
+				$this->capabilities->current_user_can('manage_options', 'espresso_about_default')
+			)
+		) {
+			$query_params = array('page' => 'espresso_about');
+			if (EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() === EE_System::req_type_new_activation) {
+				$query_params['new_activation'] = true;
+			}
+			if (EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() === EE_System::req_type_reactivation) {
+				$query_params['reactivation'] = true;
+			}
+			$url = add_query_arg($query_params, admin_url('admin.php'));
+			wp_safe_redirect($url);
+			exit();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * load_core_configuration
+	 * this is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration'
+	 * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 5
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function load_core_configuration()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_core_configuration__begin', $this);
+		$this->loader->getShared('EE_Load_Textdomain');
+		//load textdomain
+		EE_Load_Textdomain::load_textdomain();
+		// load and setup EE_Config and EE_Network_Config
+		$config = $this->loader->getShared('EE_Config');
+		$this->loader->getShared('EE_Network_Config');
+		// setup autoloaders
+		// enable logging?
+		if ($config->admin->use_full_logging) {
+			$this->loader->getShared('EE_Log');
+		}
+		// check for activation errors
+		$activation_errors = get_option('ee_plugin_activation_errors', false);
+		if ($activation_errors) {
+			EE_Error::add_error($activation_errors, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			update_option('ee_plugin_activation_errors', false);
+		}
+		// get model names
+		$this->_parse_model_names();
+		//load caf stuff a chance to play during the activation process too.
+		$this->_maybe_brew_regular();
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_core_configuration__complete', $this);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * cycles through all of the models/*.model.php files, and assembles an array of model names
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _parse_model_names()
+	{
+		//get all the files in the EE_MODELS folder that end in .model.php
+		$models                 = glob(EE_MODELS . '*.model.php');
+		$model_names            = array();
+		$non_abstract_db_models = array();
+		foreach ($models as $model) {
+			// get model classname
+			$classname       = EEH_File::get_classname_from_filepath_with_standard_filename($model);
+			$short_name      = str_replace('EEM_', '', $classname);
+			$reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass($classname);
+			if ($reflectionClass->isSubclassOf('EEM_Base') && ! $reflectionClass->isAbstract()) {
+				$non_abstract_db_models[ $short_name ] = $classname;
+			}
+			$model_names[ $short_name ] = $classname;
+		}
+		$this->registry->models                 = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_System__parse_model_names', $model_names);
+		$this->registry->non_abstract_db_models = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_System__parse_implemented_model_names',
+			$non_abstract_db_models
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * The purpose of this method is to simply check for a file named "caffeinated/brewing_regular.php" for any hooks
+	 * that need to be setup before our EE_System launches.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	private function _maybe_brew_regular()
+	{
+		if ((! defined('EE_DECAF') || EE_DECAF !== true) && is_readable(EE_CAFF_PATH . 'brewing_regular.php')) {
+			require_once EE_CAFF_PATH . 'brewing_regular.php';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets
+	 * generate lists of shortcodes and modules, then verify paths and classes
+	 * This is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets'
+	 * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 7
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets()
+	{
+		if ($this->request->isFrontend() || $this->request->isIframe()) {
+			try {
+				// load, register, and add shortcodes the new way
+				$this->loader->getShared(
+					'EventEspresso\core\services\shortcodes\ShortcodesManager',
+					array(
+						// and the old way, but we'll put it under control of the new system
+						EE_Config::getLegacyShortcodesManager(),
+					)
+				);
+			} catch (Exception $exception) {
+				new ExceptionStackTraceDisplay($exception);
+			}
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets');
+		// check for addons using old hook point
+		if (has_action('AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_addons')) {
+			$this->_incompatible_addon_error();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _incompatible_addon_error
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	private function _incompatible_addon_error()
+	{
+		// get array of classes hooking into here
+		$class_names = EEH_Class_Tools::get_class_names_for_all_callbacks_on_hook(
+			'AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_addons'
+		);
+		if (! empty($class_names)) {
+			$msg = __(
+				'The following plugins, addons, or modules appear to be incompatible with this version of Event Espresso and were automatically deactivated to avoid fatal errors:',
+				'event_espresso'
+			);
+			$msg .= '<ul>';
+			foreach ($class_names as $class_name) {
+				$msg .= '<li><b>Event Espresso - ' . str_replace(
+						array('EE_', 'EEM_', 'EED_', 'EES_', 'EEW_'), '',
+						$class_name
+					) . '</b></li>';
+			}
+			$msg .= '</ul>';
+			$msg .= __(
+				'Compatibility issues can be avoided and/or resolved by keeping addons and plugins updated to the latest version.',
+				'event_espresso'
+			);
+			// save list of incompatible addons to wp-options for later use
+			add_option('ee_incompatible_addons', $class_names, '', 'no');
+			if (is_admin()) {
+				EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * brew_espresso
+	 * begins the process of setting hooks for initializing EE in the correct order
+	 * This is happening on the 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__brew_espresso' hook point
+	 * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 9
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function brew_espresso()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__begin', $this);
+		// load some final core systems
+		add_action('init', array($this, 'set_hooks_for_core'), 1);
+		add_action('init', array($this, 'perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations'), 3);
+		add_action('init', array($this, 'load_CPTs_and_session'), 5);
+		add_action('init', array($this, 'load_controllers'), 7);
+		add_action('init', array($this, 'core_loaded_and_ready'), 9);
+		add_action('init', array($this, 'initialize'), 10);
+		add_action('init', array($this, 'initialize_last'), 100);
+		if (is_admin() && apply_filters('FHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__load_pue', true)) {
+			// pew pew pew
+			$this->loader->getShared('EE_PUE');
+			do_action('AHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__after_pue_init');
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__complete', $this);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    set_hooks_for_core
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return    void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_hooks_for_core()
+	{
+		$this->_deactivate_incompatible_addons();
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__set_hooks_for_core');
+		//caps need to be initialized on every request so that capability maps are set.
+		//@see https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/8674
+		$this->registry->CAP->init_caps();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Using the information gathered in EE_System::_incompatible_addon_error,
+	 * deactivates any addons considered incompatible with the current version of EE
+	 */
+	private function _deactivate_incompatible_addons()
+	{
+		$incompatible_addons = get_option('ee_incompatible_addons', array());
+		if (! empty($incompatible_addons)) {
+			$active_plugins = get_option('active_plugins', array());
+			foreach ($active_plugins as $active_plugin) {
+				foreach ($incompatible_addons as $incompatible_addon) {
+					if (strpos($active_plugin, $incompatible_addon) !== false) {
+						unset($_GET['activate']);
+						espresso_deactivate_plugin($active_plugin);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return    void
+	 */
+	public function perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    load_CPTs_and_session
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return    void
+	 */
+	public function load_CPTs_and_session()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_CPTs_and_session__start');
+		// register Custom Post Types
+		$this->loader->getShared('EE_Register_CPTs');
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_CPTs_and_session__complete');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * load_controllers
+	 * this is the best place to load any additional controllers that needs access to EE core.
+	 * it is expected that all basic core EE systems, that are not dependant on the current request are loaded at this
+	 * time
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function load_controllers()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__start');
+		// let's get it started
+		if (
+			! $this->maintenance_mode->level()
+			&& ($this->request->isFrontend() || $this->request->isFrontAjax())
+		) {
+			do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__load_front_controllers');
+			$this->loader->getShared('EE_Front_Controller');
+		} elseif ($this->request->isAdmin() || $this->request->isAdminAjax()) {
+			do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__load_admin_controllers');
+			$this->loader->getShared('EE_Admin');
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__complete');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * core_loaded_and_ready
+	 * all of the basic EE core should be loaded at this point and available regardless of M-Mode
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function core_loaded_and_ready()
+	{
+		if (
+			$this->request->isAdmin()
+			|| $this->request->isEeAjax()
+			|| $this->request->isFrontend()
+		) {
+			$this->loader->getShared('EE_Session');
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__core_loaded_and_ready');
+		// load_espresso_template_tags
+		if (
+			is_readable(EE_PUBLIC . 'template_tags.php')
+			&& ($this->request->isFrontend() || $this->request->isIframe() || $this->request->isFeed())
+		) {
+			require_once EE_PUBLIC . 'template_tags.php';
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__set_hooks_for_shortcodes_modules_and_addons');
+		if ($this->request->isAdmin() || $this->request->isFrontend() || $this->request->isIframe()) {
+			$this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\assets\Registry');
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * initialize
+	 * this is the best place to begin initializing client code
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function initialize()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * initialize_last
+	 * this is run really late during the WP init hook point, and ensures that mostly everything else that needs to
+	 * initialize has done so
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function initialize_last()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize_last');
+		add_action('admin_bar_init', array($this, 'addEspressoToolbar'));
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function addEspressoToolbar()
+	{
+		$this->loader->getShared(
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\admin\AdminToolBar',
+			array($this->registry->CAP)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * do_not_cache
+	 * sets no cache headers and defines no cache constants for WP plugins
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function do_not_cache()
+	{
+		// set no cache constants
+		if (! defined('DONOTCACHEPAGE')) {
+			define('DONOTCACHEPAGE', true);
+		}
+		if (! defined('DONOTCACHCEOBJECT')) {
+			define('DONOTCACHCEOBJECT', true);
+		}
+		if (! defined('DONOTCACHEDB')) {
+			define('DONOTCACHEDB', true);
+		}
+		// add no cache headers
+		add_action('send_headers', array('EE_System', 'nocache_headers'), 10);
+		// plus a little extra for nginx and Google Chrome
+		add_filter('nocache_headers', array('EE_System', 'extra_nocache_headers'), 10, 1);
+		// prevent browsers from prefetching of the rel='next' link, because it may contain content that interferes with the registration process
+		remove_action('wp_head', 'adjacent_posts_rel_link_wp_head');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    extra_nocache_headers
+	 *
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @param $headers
+	 * @return    array
+	 */
+	public static function extra_nocache_headers($headers)
+	{
+		// for NGINX
+		$headers['X-Accel-Expires'] = 0;
+		// plus extra for Google Chrome since it doesn't seem to respect "no-cache", but WILL respect "no-store"
+		$headers['Cache-Control'] = 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0';
+		return $headers;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    nocache_headers
+	 *
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @return    void
+	 */
+	public static function nocache_headers()
+	{
+		nocache_headers();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * simply hooks into "wp_list_pages_exclude" filter (for wp_list_pages method) and makes sure EE critical pages are
+	 * never returned with the function.
+	 *
+	 * @param  array $exclude_array any existing pages being excluded are in this array.
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function remove_pages_from_wp_list_pages($exclude_array)
+	{
+		return array_merge($exclude_array, $this->registry->CFG->core->get_critical_pages_array());
+	}