Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like Router often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Router, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 11 | class Router |
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| 12 | { |
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| 13 | /** |
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| 14 | * Reference to instantiated controller object. |
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| 15 | * |
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| 16 | * @var object |
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| 17 | */ |
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| 18 | protected static $instance = false; |
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| 19 | |||
| 20 | /** |
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| 21 | * System configuration |
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| 22 | * |
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| 23 | * @var object |
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| 24 | */ |
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| 25 | private $configuration; |
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| 26 | |||
| 27 | /** |
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| 28 | * The active module |
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| 29 | * |
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| 30 | * @var string |
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| 31 | * @access public |
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| 32 | */ |
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| 33 | public $module; |
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| 34 | |||
| 35 | /** |
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| 36 | * The active controller |
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| 37 | * |
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| 38 | * @var string |
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| 39 | * @access public |
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| 40 | */ |
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| 41 | public $controller; |
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| 42 | |||
| 43 | /** |
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| 44 | * The active method |
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| 45 | * |
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| 46 | * @var string |
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| 47 | * @access public |
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| 48 | */ |
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| 49 | public $method; |
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| 50 | |||
| 51 | /** |
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| 52 | * The base URL |
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| 53 | * |
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| 54 | * @var string |
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| 55 | * @access public |
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| 56 | */ |
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| 57 | public $baseURL; |
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| 58 | |||
| 59 | /** |
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| 60 | * Default module |
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| 61 | * |
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| 62 | * @var string |
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| 63 | * @access public |
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| 64 | */ |
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| 65 | public $defaultModule; |
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| 66 | |||
| 67 | /** |
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| 68 | * Default controller |
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| 69 | * |
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| 70 | * @var string |
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| 71 | * @access public |
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| 72 | */ |
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| 73 | public $defaultController; |
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| 74 | |||
| 75 | /** |
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| 76 | * Default method |
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| 77 | * |
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| 78 | * @var string |
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| 79 | * @access public |
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| 80 | */ |
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| 81 | public $defaultMethod; |
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| 82 | |||
| 83 | /** |
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| 84 | * Default uri |
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| 85 | * |
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| 86 | * @var string |
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| 87 | * @access public |
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| 88 | */ |
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| 89 | public $uri; |
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| 90 | /** |
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| 91 | * Load up some basic configuration settings. |
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| 92 | */ |
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| 93 | 28 | public function __construct() |
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| 130 | |||
| 131 | |||
| 132 | 28 | private function isURIClean($uri, $uriChunks) |
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| 149 | |||
| 150 | //@TODO add Security class. |
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| 151 | 22 | private function normalize($data) |
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| 163 | |||
| 164 | /** |
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| 165 | * Parse and explode URI segments into chunks |
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| 166 | * |
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| 167 | * @access private |
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| 168 | * |
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| 169 | * @param string $uri |
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| 170 | * |
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| 171 | * @return array chunks of uri |
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| 172 | * @throws Exception on disallowed characters |
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| 173 | */ |
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| 174 | 28 | private function parseURI($uri) |
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| 197 | |||
| 198 | /** |
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| 199 | * Normalize the $_SERVER vars for formatting the URI. |
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| 200 | * |
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| 201 | * @access private |
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| 202 | * @return string formatted/u/r/l |
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| 203 | */ |
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| 204 | 28 | private function normalizeURI() |
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| 227 | |||
| 228 | private function discoverRoute($uri) |
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| 257 | |||
| 258 | /** |
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| 259 | * Normalize the $_SERVER vars for formatting the URI. |
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| 260 | * |
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| 261 | * @access public |
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| 262 | * @return string formatted/u/r/l |
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| 263 | */ |
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| 264 | 28 | private function uri($uri) |
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| 277 | |||
| 278 | 28 | private function sortURISegments($uriChunks = []) |
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| 314 | |||
| 315 | 2 | private function addQueryString($url, $key, $value) |
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| 325 | |||
| 326 | 2 | private function removeQueryString($url, $key) |
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| 332 | |||
| 333 | /** |
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| 334 | * Return the currentURL w/ query strings |
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| 335 | * |
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| 336 | * @access public |
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| 337 | * @return string http://tld.com/formatted/u/r/l?q=bingo |
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| 338 | */ |
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| 339 | 28 | public function currentURL($params = false) |
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| 358 | |||
| 359 | /** |
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| 360 | * Return the baseURL |
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| 361 | * |
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| 362 | * @access public |
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| 363 | * @return string http://tld.com |
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| 364 | */ |
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| 365 | 28 | public function baseURL($path = '') |
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| 392 | |||
| 393 | /** |
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| 394 | * Set optional status header, and redirect to provided URL |
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| 395 | * |
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| 396 | * @access public |
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| 397 | * @return bool |
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| 398 | */ |
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| 399 | public function redirect($url = '/', $status = null) |
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| 450 | } |
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| 451 |
In PHP it is possible to write to properties without declaring them. For example, the following is perfectly valid PHP code:
Generally, it is a good practice to explictly declare properties to avoid accidental typos and provide IDE auto-completion: