Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like Router often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Router, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 11 | class Router |
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| 12 | { |
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| 13 | /** |
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| 14 | * Reference to instantiated controller object. |
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| 15 | * |
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| 16 | * @var object |
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| 17 | */ |
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| 18 | protected static $instance = false; |
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| 19 | |||
| 20 | /** |
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| 21 | * System configuration |
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| 22 | * |
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| 23 | * @var object |
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| 24 | */ |
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| 25 | private $configuration; |
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| 26 | |||
| 27 | /** |
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| 28 | * The active module |
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| 29 | * |
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| 30 | * @var string |
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| 31 | * @access public |
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| 32 | */ |
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| 33 | public $module; |
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| 34 | |||
| 35 | /** |
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| 36 | * The active controller |
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| 37 | * |
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| 38 | * @var string |
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| 39 | * @access public |
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| 40 | */ |
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| 41 | public $controller; |
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| 42 | |||
| 43 | /** |
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| 44 | * The active method |
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| 45 | * |
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| 46 | * @var string |
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| 47 | * @access public |
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| 48 | */ |
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| 49 | public $method; |
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| 50 | |||
| 51 | /** |
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| 52 | * The base URL |
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| 53 | * @var string |
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| 54 | * @access public |
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| 55 | */ |
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| 56 | public $baseURL; |
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| 57 | |||
| 58 | /** |
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| 59 | * Default module |
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| 60 | * @var string |
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| 61 | * @access public |
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| 62 | */ |
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| 63 | public $defaultModule; |
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| 64 | |||
| 65 | /** |
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| 66 | * Default controller |
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| 67 | * @var string |
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| 68 | * @access public |
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| 69 | */ |
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| 70 | public $defaultController; |
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| 71 | |||
| 72 | /** |
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| 73 | * Default method |
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| 74 | * @var string |
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| 75 | * @access public |
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| 76 | */ |
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| 77 | public $defaultMethod; |
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| 78 | |||
| 79 | /** |
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| 80 | * Default uri |
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| 81 | * @var string |
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| 82 | * @access public |
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| 83 | */ |
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| 84 | public $uri; |
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| 85 | /** |
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| 86 | * Load up some basic configuration settings. |
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| 87 | */ |
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| 88 | 28 | public function __construct() |
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| 122 | |||
| 123 | |||
| 124 | 28 | private function isURIClean($uri, $uriChunks) |
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| 125 | { |
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| 126 | 28 | if (!preg_match("/^[a-z0-9:_\/\.\[\]-]+$/i", $uri) |
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| 127 | || array_filter($uriChunks, function ($uriChunk) { |
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| 128 | 19 | if (strpos($uriChunk, '__') !== false) { |
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| 129 | 1 | return true; |
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| 130 | } |
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| 131 | 28 | }) |
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| 132 | ) { |
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| 133 | 10 | return false; |
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| 134 | } else { |
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| 135 | 18 | return true; |
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| 136 | } |
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| 137 | } |
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| 138 | |||
| 139 | //@TODO add Security class. |
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| 140 | 25 | private function normalize($data) |
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| 152 | |||
| 153 | /** |
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| 154 | * Parse and explode URI segments into chunks |
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| 155 | * |
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| 156 | * @access private |
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| 157 | * |
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| 158 | * @param string $uri |
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| 159 | * |
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| 160 | * @return array chunks of uri |
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| 161 | * @throws Exception on disallowed characters |
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| 162 | */ |
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| 163 | 28 | private function parseURI($uri) |
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| 164 | { |
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| 165 | 28 | $uriFragments = explode('/', $uri); |
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| 166 | 28 | $uriChunks = []; |
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| 167 | 28 | $params = []; |
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| 168 | 28 | $iteration = 0; |
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| 169 | 28 | foreach ($uriFragments as $location => $fragment) { |
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| 170 | 28 | if ($iteration > 2) { |
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| 171 | 25 | $params[] = $this->normalize(trim($fragment)); |
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| 172 | } else { |
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| 173 | 28 | $uriChunks[] = trim($fragment); |
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| 174 | } |
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| 175 | 28 | $iteration++; |
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| 176 | } |
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| 177 | |||
| 178 | 28 | $result = array_merge($uriChunks, $params); |
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| 179 | |||
| 180 | 28 | if ($this->isURIClean($uri, $result) === false) { |
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| 181 | 10 | throw new RouteException('Invalid key characters.'); |
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| 182 | } |
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| 183 | |||
| 184 | 18 | return $result; |
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| 185 | } |
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| 186 | |||
| 187 | /** |
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| 188 | * Normalize the $_SERVER vars for formatting the URI. |
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| 189 | * |
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| 190 | * @access private |
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| 191 | * @return string formatted/u/r/l |
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| 192 | */ |
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| 193 | 28 | private function normalizeURI() |
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| 194 | { |
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| 195 | |||
| 196 | 28 | if (!empty($_SERVER['PATH_INFO'])) { |
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| 197 | 1 | $normalizedURI = $_SERVER['PATH_INFO']; |
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| 198 | 27 | } elseif (!empty($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) { |
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| 199 | 26 | $normalizedURI = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; |
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| 200 | } else { |
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| 201 | 1 | $normalizedURI = false; |
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| 202 | } |
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| 203 | |||
| 204 | 28 | if ($normalizedURI === '/') { |
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| 205 | 1 | $normalizedURI = false; |
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| 206 | } |
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| 207 | |||
| 208 | 28 | $normalizedURI = ltrim(preg_replace('/\?.*/', '', $normalizedURI), '/'); |
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| 209 | |||
| 210 | 28 | if (! empty($this->configuration->routes)) { |
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| 211 | 28 | $normalizedURI = $this->discoverRoute($normalizedURI); |
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| 212 | } |
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| 213 | |||
| 214 | 28 | return $normalizedURI; |
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| 215 | } |
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| 216 | |||
| 217 | 28 | private function discoverRoute($uri) |
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| 218 | { |
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| 219 | 28 | $routes = $this->configuration->routes; |
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| 220 | |||
| 221 | 28 | foreach ($routes as $route => $reroute) { |
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| 222 | 28 | $pattern = '/^(?i)' . str_replace('/', '\/', $route) . '$/'; |
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| 223 | |||
| 224 | 28 | if (preg_match($pattern, $uri, $params)) { |
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| 225 | 3 | array_shift($params); |
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| 226 | |||
| 227 | 3 | $uri = $reroute; |
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| 228 | |||
| 229 | 3 | if (! empty($params)) { |
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| 230 | 1 | $pat = '/(\$\d+)/'; |
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| 231 | 28 | $uri = preg_replace_callback($pat, function () use (&$params) { |
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| 232 | 1 | $first = $params[0]; |
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| 233 | 1 | array_shift($params); |
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| 234 | 1 | return $first; |
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| 235 | 28 | }, $reroute); |
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| 236 | } |
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| 237 | } |
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| 238 | } |
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| 239 | |||
| 240 | 28 | return $uri; |
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| 241 | } |
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| 242 | |||
| 243 | /** |
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| 244 | * Normalize the $_SERVER vars for formatting the URI. |
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| 245 | * |
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| 246 | * @access public |
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| 247 | * @return string formatted/u/r/l |
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| 248 | */ |
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| 249 | 28 | private function uri($uri) |
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| 250 | { |
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| 251 | 28 | if ($uri !== '') { |
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| 252 | 26 | $uriChunks = explode('/', filter_var(trim($uri), FILTER_SANITIZE_URL)); |
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| 253 | 26 | $chunks = $this->sortURISegments($uriChunks); |
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| 254 | } else { |
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| 255 | 2 | $chunks = $this->sortURISegments(); |
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| 256 | } |
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| 257 | |||
| 258 | 28 | $uri = ltrim(implode('/', $chunks), '/'); |
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| 259 | |||
| 260 | 28 | return $uri; |
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| 261 | } |
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| 262 | |||
| 263 | 28 | private function sortURISegments($uriChunks = []) |
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| 264 | { |
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| 265 | 28 | $module = ucfirst(strtolower($this->defaultModule)); |
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| 266 | 28 | $controller = ucfirst(strtolower($this->defaultController)); |
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| 267 | 28 | $method = ucfirst(strtolower($this->defaultMethod)); |
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| 268 | |||
| 269 | 28 | if (!empty($uriChunks)) { |
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| 270 | 26 | $module = ucfirst(strtolower($uriChunks[0])); |
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| 271 | |||
| 272 | 26 | if (!empty($uriChunks[1])) { |
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| 273 | 25 | $controller = ucfirst(strtolower($uriChunks[1])); |
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| 274 | 1 | } elseif (!empty($this->configuration->modules->$module->defaultController)) { |
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| 275 | 1 | $controller = $this->configuration->modules->$module->defaultController; |
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| 276 | } |
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| 277 | |||
| 278 | 26 | if (!empty($uriChunks[2])) { |
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| 279 | 25 | $method = ucfirst(strtolower($uriChunks[2])); |
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| 280 | 25 | $class = '\\App\\Modules\\' . $module . '\\Controllers\\' . $controller; |
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| 281 | 25 | $methodExist = method_exists($class, $method); |
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| 282 | |||
| 283 | 25 | View Code Duplication | if ($methodExist === false) { |
| 284 | 25 | if (!empty($this->configuration->modules->$module->defaultMethod)) { |
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| 285 | 25 | $method = $this->configuration->modules->$module->defaultMethod; |
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| 286 | 25 | array_unshift($uriChunks, null); |
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| 287 | } |
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| 288 | } |
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| 289 | 1 | View Code Duplication | } elseif (!empty($this->configuration->modules->$module->defaultMethod)) { |
| 290 | 1 | $method = $this->configuration->modules->$module->defaultMethod; |
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| 291 | } |
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| 292 | |||
| 293 | 26 | unset($uriChunks[0], $uriChunks[1], $uriChunks[2]); |
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| 294 | } |
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| 295 | |||
| 296 | 28 | $return = [$module, $controller, $method]; |
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| 297 | 28 | return array_merge($return, array_values($uriChunks)); |
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| 298 | } |
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| 299 | |||
| 300 | 2 | private function addQueryString($url, $key, $value) |
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| 301 | { |
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| 302 | 2 | $url = preg_replace('/(.*)(\?|&)' . $key . '=[^&]+?(&)(.*)/i', '$1$2$4', $url . '&'); |
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| 303 | 2 | $url = substr($url, 0, -1); |
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| 304 | 2 | if (strpos($url, '?') === false) { |
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| 305 | 2 | return ($url . '?' . $key . '=' . $value); |
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| 306 | } else { |
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| 307 | 1 | return ($url . '&' . $key . '=' . $value); |
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| 308 | } |
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| 309 | } |
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| 310 | |||
| 311 | 2 | private function removeQueryString($url, $key) |
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| 312 | { |
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| 313 | 2 | $url = preg_replace('/(.*)(\?|&)' . $key . '=[^&]+?(&)(.*)/i', '$1$2$4', $url . '&'); |
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| 314 | 2 | $url = substr($url, 0, -1); |
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| 315 | 2 | return ($url); |
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| 316 | } |
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| 317 | |||
| 318 | /** |
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| 319 | * Return the currentURL w/ query strings |
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| 320 | * |
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| 321 | * @access public |
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| 322 | * @return string http://tld.com/formatted/u/r/l?q=bingo |
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| 323 | */ |
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| 324 | 28 | public function currentURL($params = false) |
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| 325 | { |
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| 326 | 28 | if (trim($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) === '/') { |
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| 327 | 1 | $url = $this->baseURL() |
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| 328 | 1 | . (!empty($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']) ? '?' . $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] : ''); |
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| 329 | } else { |
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| 330 | 27 | $url = $this->baseURL($this->uri) |
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| 331 | 27 | . (!empty($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']) ? '?' . $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] : ''); |
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| 332 | } |
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| 333 | |||
| 334 | 28 | if (!empty($params)) { |
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| 335 | 2 | foreach ($params as $key => $param) { |
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| 336 | 2 | $url = $this->removeQueryString($url, $key); |
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| 337 | 2 | $url = $this->addQueryString($url, $key, $param); |
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| 338 | } |
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| 339 | } |
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| 340 | |||
| 341 | 28 | return $url; |
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| 342 | } |
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| 343 | |||
| 344 | /** |
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| 345 | * Return the baseURL |
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| 346 | * |
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| 347 | * @access public |
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| 348 | * @return string http://tld.com |
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| 349 | */ |
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| 350 | 28 | public function baseURL($path = '') |
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| 351 | { |
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| 352 | 28 | if (is_null($this->baseURL)) { |
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| 353 | 28 | $self = $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; |
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| 354 | 28 | $server = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] |
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| 355 | 28 | . rtrim(str_replace(strstr($self, 'index.php'), '', $self), '/'); |
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| 356 | |||
| 357 | 28 | if ((!empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] != 'off') |
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| 358 | 27 | || !empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO']) |
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| 359 | 28 | && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'] === 'https' |
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| 360 | ) { |
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| 361 | 1 | $protocol = 'https://'; |
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| 362 | } else { |
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| 363 | 27 | $protocol = 'http://'; |
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| 364 | } |
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| 365 | |||
| 366 | 28 | $this->baseURL = $protocol . $server; |
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| 367 | } |
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| 368 | |||
| 369 | 28 | $url = $this->baseURL; |
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| 370 | |||
| 371 | 28 | if ($path !== '') { |
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| 372 | 27 | $url .= '/' . $path; |
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| 373 | } |
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| 374 | |||
| 375 | 28 | return $url; |
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| 376 | } |
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| 377 | |||
| 378 | /** |
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| 379 | * Set optional status header, and redirect to provided URL |
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| 380 | * |
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| 381 | * @access public |
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| 382 | * @return bool |
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| 383 | */ |
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| 384 | public function redirect($url = '/', $status = null) |
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| 441 | } |
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| 442 |
In PHP it is possible to write to properties without declaring them. For example, the following is perfectly valid PHP code:
Generally, it is a good practice to explictly declare properties to avoid accidental typos and provide IDE auto-completion: