Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like Router often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Router, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 11 | class Router |
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| 12 | { |
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| 13 | /** |
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| 14 | * Reference to instantiated controller object. |
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| 15 | * |
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| 16 | * @var object |
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| 17 | */ |
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| 18 | protected static $instance = false; |
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| 19 | |||
| 20 | /** |
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| 21 | * System configuration |
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| 22 | * |
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| 23 | * @var object |
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| 24 | */ |
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| 25 | private $configuration; |
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| 26 | |||
| 27 | /** |
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| 28 | * The active module |
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| 29 | * |
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| 30 | * @var string |
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| 31 | * @access public |
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| 32 | */ |
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| 33 | public $module; |
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| 34 | |||
| 35 | /** |
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| 36 | * The active controller |
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| 37 | * |
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| 38 | * @var string |
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| 39 | * @access public |
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| 40 | */ |
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| 41 | public $controller; |
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| 42 | |||
| 43 | /** |
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| 44 | * The active method |
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| 45 | * |
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| 46 | * @var string |
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| 47 | * @access public |
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| 48 | */ |
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| 49 | public $method; |
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| 50 | |||
| 51 | /** |
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| 52 | * The base URL |
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| 53 | * |
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| 54 | * @var string |
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| 55 | * @access public |
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| 56 | */ |
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| 57 | public $baseURL; |
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| 58 | |||
| 59 | /** |
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| 60 | * Default module |
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| 61 | * |
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| 62 | * @var string |
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| 63 | * @access public |
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| 64 | */ |
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| 65 | public $defaultModule; |
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| 66 | |||
| 67 | /** |
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| 68 | * Default controller |
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| 69 | * |
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| 70 | * @var string |
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| 71 | * @access public |
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| 72 | */ |
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| 73 | public $defaultController; |
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| 74 | |||
| 75 | /** |
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| 76 | * Default method |
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| 77 | * |
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| 78 | * @var string |
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| 79 | * @access public |
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| 80 | */ |
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| 81 | public $defaultMethod; |
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| 82 | |||
| 83 | /** |
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| 84 | * Default uri |
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| 85 | * |
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| 86 | * @var string |
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| 87 | * @access public |
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| 88 | */ |
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| 89 | public $uri; |
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| 90 | /** |
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| 91 | * Load up some basic configuration settings. |
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| 92 | */ |
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| 93 | 28 | public function __construct() |
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| 94 | { |
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| 95 | 28 | self::$instance = $this; |
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| 96 | |||
| 97 | 28 | $app = App::getInstance(); |
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| 98 | 28 | $moduleConfig = $app->getConfiguration('modules'); |
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| 99 | |||
| 100 | 28 | $this->defaultModule = $moduleConfig->defaultModule; |
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| 101 | 28 | $defaultModule = $this->defaultModule; |
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| 102 | 28 | $this->defaultController = $moduleConfig->$defaultModule->defaultController; |
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| 103 | 28 | $this->defaultMethod = $moduleConfig->$defaultModule->defaultMethod; |
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| 104 | |||
| 105 | 28 | $normalizedURI = $this->normalizeURI(); |
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| 106 | |||
| 107 | //check routes |
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| 108 | |||
| 109 | |||
| 110 | 28 | $this->uri = $this->uri($normalizedURI); |
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| 111 | 28 | $this->baseURL = $this->baseURL(); |
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| 112 | 28 | $this->currentURL = $this->currentURL(); |
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| 113 | |||
| 114 | //@TODO: routing |
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| 115 | 28 | $uriChunks = $this->parseURI($this->uri); |
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| 116 | |||
| 117 | 18 | $app = App::getInstance(); |
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| 118 | |||
| 119 | 18 | $app->setConfiguration( |
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| 120 | 18 | 'router', |
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| 121 | (object)[ |
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| 122 | 18 | 'module' => $uriChunks[0], |
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| 123 | 18 | 'controller' => $uriChunks[1], |
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| 124 | 18 | 'method' => $uriChunks[2], |
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| 125 | 18 | 'params' => array_slice($uriChunks, 3), |
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| 126 | 18 | 'baseURL' => $this->baseURL, |
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| 127 | 18 | 'currentURL' => $this->currentURL |
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| 128 | ] |
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| 129 | ); |
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| 130 | 18 | } |
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| 131 | |||
| 132 | |||
| 133 | 28 | private function isURIClean($uri, $uriChunks) |
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| 134 | { |
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| 135 | 28 | if (!preg_match("/^[a-z0-9:_\/\.\[\]-]+$/i", $uri) |
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| 136 | 19 | || array_filter( |
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| 137 | $uriChunks, |
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| 138 | function ($uriChunk) { |
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| 139 | 19 | if (strpos($uriChunk, '__') !== false) { |
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| 140 | 1 | return true; |
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| 141 | } |
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| 142 | 28 | } |
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| 143 | ) |
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| 144 | ) { |
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| 145 | 10 | return false; |
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| 146 | } else { |
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| 147 | 18 | return true; |
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| 148 | } |
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| 149 | } |
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| 150 | |||
| 151 | //@TODO add Security class. |
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| 152 | 22 | private function normalize($data) |
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| 153 | { |
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| 154 | 22 | if (is_numeric($data)) { |
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| 155 | 11 | if (is_int($data) || ctype_digit(trim($data, '-'))) { |
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| 156 | 3 | $data = (int)$data; |
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| 157 | 8 | } elseif ($data === (string)(float)$data) { |
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| 158 | //@TODO: this needs work.. 9E26 converts to float |
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| 159 | 4 | $data = (float)$data; |
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| 160 | } |
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| 161 | } |
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| 162 | 22 | return $data; |
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| 163 | } |
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| 164 | |||
| 165 | /** |
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| 166 | * Parse and explode URI segments into chunks |
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| 167 | * |
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| 168 | * @access private |
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| 169 | * |
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| 170 | * @param string $uri |
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| 171 | * |
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| 172 | * @return array chunks of uri |
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| 173 | * @throws RouteException on disallowed characters |
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| 174 | */ |
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| 175 | 28 | private function parseURI($uri) |
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| 176 | { |
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| 177 | 28 | $uriFragments = explode('/', $uri); |
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| 178 | 28 | $uriChunks = []; |
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| 179 | 28 | $params = []; |
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| 180 | 28 | $iteration = 0; |
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| 181 | 28 | foreach ($uriFragments as $location => $fragment) { |
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| 182 | 28 | if ($iteration > 2) { |
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| 183 | 22 | $params[] = $this->normalize(trim($fragment)); |
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| 184 | } else { |
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| 185 | 28 | $uriChunks[] = trim($fragment); |
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| 186 | } |
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| 187 | 28 | $iteration++; |
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| 188 | } |
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| 189 | |||
| 190 | 28 | $result = array_merge($uriChunks, $params); |
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| 191 | |||
| 192 | 28 | if ($this->isURIClean($uri, $result) === false) { |
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| 193 | 10 | throw new RouteException('Invalid key characters.'); |
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| 194 | } |
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| 195 | |||
| 196 | 18 | return $result; |
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| 197 | } |
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| 198 | |||
| 199 | /** |
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| 200 | * Normalize the $_SERVER vars for formatting the URI. |
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| 201 | * |
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| 202 | * @access private |
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| 203 | * @return string formatted/u/r/l |
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| 204 | */ |
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| 205 | 28 | private function normalizeURI() |
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| 206 | { |
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| 207 | 28 | if (!empty($_SERVER['PATH_INFO'])) { |
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| 208 | $normalizedURI = $_SERVER['PATH_INFO']; |
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| 209 | 28 | } elseif (!empty($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) { |
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| 210 | 26 | $normalizedURI = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; |
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| 211 | } else { |
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| 212 | 4 | $normalizedURI = false; |
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| 213 | } |
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| 214 | |||
| 215 | 28 | if ($normalizedURI === '/') { |
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| 216 | 2 | $normalizedURI = false; |
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| 217 | } |
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| 218 | |||
| 219 | 28 | $normalizedURI = ltrim(preg_replace('/\?.*/', '', $normalizedURI), '/'); |
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| 220 | |||
| 221 | 28 | if (! empty($this->configuration->routes)) { |
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| 222 | $normalizedURI = $this->discoverRoute($normalizedURI); |
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| 223 | } |
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| 224 | |||
| 225 | 28 | return $normalizedURI; |
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| 226 | } |
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| 227 | |||
| 228 | private function discoverRoute($uri) |
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| 257 | |||
| 258 | /** |
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| 259 | * Normalize the $_SERVER vars for formatting the URI. |
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| 260 | * |
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| 261 | * @access public |
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| 262 | * @return string formatted/u/r/l |
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| 263 | */ |
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| 264 | 28 | private function uri($uri) |
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| 277 | |||
| 278 | 28 | private function sortURISegments($uriChunks = []) |
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| 314 | |||
| 315 | 2 | private function addQueryString($url, $key, $value) |
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| 325 | |||
| 326 | 2 | private function removeQueryString($url, $key) |
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| 332 | |||
| 333 | /** |
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| 334 | * Return the currentURL w/ query strings |
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| 335 | * |
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| 336 | * @access public |
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| 337 | * @return string http://tld.com/formatted/u/r/l?q=bingo |
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| 338 | */ |
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| 339 | 28 | public function currentURL($params = false) |
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| 358 | |||
| 359 | /** |
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| 360 | * Return the baseURL |
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| 361 | * |
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| 362 | * @access public |
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| 363 | * @return string http://tld.com |
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| 364 | */ |
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| 365 | 28 | public function baseURL($path = '') |
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| 392 | |||
| 393 | /** |
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| 394 | * Set optional status header, and redirect to provided URL |
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| 395 | * |
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| 396 | * @access public |
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| 397 | * @return bool |
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| 398 | */ |
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| 399 | public function redirect($url = '/', $status = null) |
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| 450 | } |
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| 451 |
In PHP it is possible to write to properties without declaring them. For example, the following is perfectly valid PHP code:
Generally, it is a good practice to explictly declare properties to avoid accidental typos and provide IDE auto-completion: