Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like UserAndLevel often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use UserAndLevel, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
1 | <?php |
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10 | trait UserAndLevel |
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11 | { |
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12 | /** |
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13 | * USER & LEVEL |
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14 | * Check if a model has a given level |
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15 | * |
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16 | * @param $level |
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17 | * @return bool |
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18 | */ |
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19 | 1 | public function isLevel($level) |
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25 | |||
26 | /** |
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27 | * USER & LEVEL |
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28 | * Check if a user has or has inherited |
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29 | * a given level |
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30 | * |
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31 | * @param $level |
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32 | * @return bool |
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33 | */ |
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34 | 1 | public function hasLevel($level) |
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42 | |||
43 | /** |
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44 | * USER & LEVEL |
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45 | * Add a single permission to a model |
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46 | * |
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47 | * @param $permission |
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48 | */ |
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49 | 15 | public function addPermission($permission) |
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53 | |||
54 | /** |
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55 | * USER & LEVEL |
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56 | * Add an array of permissions to a model |
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57 | * |
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58 | * @param $permissions |
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59 | */ |
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60 | 9 | public function addPermissions(array $permissions) |
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64 | |||
65 | /** |
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66 | * USER & LEVEL |
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67 | * Remove a permission from a model |
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68 | * |
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69 | * @param $permission |
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70 | */ |
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71 | 2 | public function removePermission($permission) |
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75 | |||
76 | /** |
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77 | * USER & LEVEL |
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78 | * Remove an array of permissions objects or permission names (can be mixed) |
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79 | * |
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80 | * @param $permissions |
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81 | */ |
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82 | 1 | public function removePermissions(array $permissions) |
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86 | |||
87 | /** |
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88 | * USER & LEVEL |
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89 | * Sync permissions on a model |
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90 | * |
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91 | * @param $permissions |
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92 | */ |
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93 | 2 | public function syncPermissions(array $permissions) |
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97 | |||
98 | /** |
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99 | * USER & LEVEL |
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100 | * Clear permissions from a model |
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101 | * |
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102 | * @return mixed |
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103 | */ |
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104 | 3 | public function clearPermissions() |
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112 | |||
113 | |||
114 | /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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115 | | Other Functions |
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116 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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117 | */ |
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118 | /** |
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119 | * USER & LEVEL |
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120 | * First try the cache to return the collection, |
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121 | * then fetch it from the database. |
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122 | * |
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123 | * See @cacheGetAllPermissions() |
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124 | * |
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125 | * @return mixed |
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126 | */ |
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127 | 6 | View Code Duplication | public function getAllPermissions() |
139 | |||
140 | /** |
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141 | * USER & LEVEL |
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142 | * First try the cache to return the collection, |
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143 | * then fetch it from the database. |
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144 | * |
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145 | * See @cacheGetInheritedPermissions() |
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146 | * |
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147 | * @return mixed |
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148 | */ |
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149 | 3 | View Code Duplication | public function getInheritedPermissions() |
161 | |||
162 | /** |
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163 | * USER & LEVEL |
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164 | * First try the cache to return the collection, |
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165 | * then fetch it from the database. |
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166 | * |
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167 | * See @cacheGetAvailablePermissions() |
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168 | * |
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169 | * @return mixed |
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170 | */ |
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171 | 2 | View Code Duplication | public function getAvailablePermissions() |
183 | |||
184 | /** |
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185 | * USER & LEVEL |
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186 | * First try the cache to return the collection, |
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187 | * then fetch it from the database. |
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188 | * |
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189 | * See @cacheHasPermissionTo() |
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190 | * |
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191 | * @param $permission |
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192 | * @return mixed |
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193 | */ |
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194 | 2 | public function hasPermissionTo($permission) |
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206 | |||
207 | /** |
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208 | * USER & LEVEL |
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209 | * Returns if a level is lower ranking than another level, |
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210 | * or if a user is lower ranking than another user. |
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211 | * |
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212 | * @param $other |
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213 | * @return bool |
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214 | */ |
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215 | 3 | public function isLowerThan($other) |
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221 | |||
222 | /** |
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223 | * USER & LEVEL |
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224 | * Returns if a level is higher ranking than another level, |
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225 | * or if a user is higher ranking than another user. |
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226 | * |
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227 | * @param $other |
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228 | * @return bool |
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229 | */ |
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230 | 3 | public function isHigherThan($other) |
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236 | |||
237 | /** |
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238 | * USER & LEVEL |
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239 | * Returns if a equal is lower ranking than another level, |
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240 | * or if a user is equal ranking than another user. |
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241 | * |
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242 | * @param $other |
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243 | * @return bool |
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244 | */ |
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245 | 1 | public function isEqualTo($other) |
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251 | |||
252 | |||
253 | /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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254 | | Other Functions |
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255 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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256 | */ |
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257 | /** |
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258 | * USER & LEVEL |
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259 | * Return a collection of all permissions |
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260 | * associated to a user by direct or |
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261 | * inheritance |
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262 | * |
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263 | * @return mixed |
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264 | */ |
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265 | 6 | protected function cacheGetAllPermissions() |
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281 | |||
282 | /** |
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283 | * USER & LEVEL |
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284 | * Return a collection of permissions that |
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285 | * are inherited from a higher level |
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286 | * @return mixed |
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287 | */ |
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288 | 3 | protected function cacheGetInheritedPermissions() |
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306 | |||
307 | /** |
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308 | * USER & LEVEL |
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309 | * Return a collection of permissions still able to be assigned |
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310 | * ie, not already inherited or explicitly assigned |
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311 | * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection |
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312 | */ |
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313 | 2 | protected function cacheGetAvailablePermissions() |
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319 | |||
320 | /** |
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321 | * USER & LEVEL |
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322 | * Check if a model has permission to do something |
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323 | * |
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324 | * @param $permission |
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325 | * @return bool |
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326 | */ |
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327 | 2 | protected function cacheHasPermissionTo($permission) |
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342 | |||
343 | /** |
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344 | * USER & LEVEL |
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345 | * Modify a given set of permissions, given the action to be taken |
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346 | * |
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347 | * @param $permissions |
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348 | * @param $action |
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349 | * @return mixed |
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350 | */ |
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351 | 23 | protected function modifyPermissions($permissions, $action) |
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373 | |||
374 | /** |
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375 | * USER & LEVEL |
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376 | * Helper function to build the array |
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377 | * for modifyPermissions |
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378 | * |
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379 | * @param $permissions |
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380 | * @param $action |
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381 | * @param $model |
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382 | * @return mixed |
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383 | * @throws PermissionNotFoundException |
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384 | */ |
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385 | 23 | protected function buildPermissionsArray($permissions, $action, $model) |
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404 | |||
405 | /** |
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406 | * USER & LEVEL |
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407 | * Helper function to handle adding or negating permissions |
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408 | * |
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409 | * @param $model |
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410 | * @param $permissionObjects |
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411 | */ |
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412 | 22 | protected function addOrNegate($model, $permissionObjects, $action) |
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420 | |||
421 | /** |
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422 | * USER & LEVEL |
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423 | * Helper function to handle removing permissions |
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424 | * |
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425 | * @param $model |
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426 | * @param $permissionObjects |
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427 | */ |
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428 | 3 | View Code Duplication | protected function remove($model, $permissionObjects) |
439 | |||
440 | /** |
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441 | * USER & LEVEL |
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442 | * Help function to handle syncing permissions |
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443 | * |
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444 | * @param $model |
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445 | * @param $permissionObjects |
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446 | */ |
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447 | 2 | View Code Duplication | protected function sync($model, $permissionObjects) |
461 | |||
462 | /** |
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463 | * USER & LEVEL |
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464 | * Helper function to get the permission whether it is the permission ID |
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465 | * or the permission name, or the permission object itself. |
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466 | * |
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467 | * @param $permission |
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468 | * @return mixed |
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469 | * @throws PermissionNotFoundException |
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470 | */ |
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471 | 23 | View Code Duplication | protected function getPermission($permission) |
484 | } |
This check looks for methods that are used by a trait but not required by it.
To illustrate, let’s look at the following code example
The trait
Idable
provides a methodequalsId
that in turn relies on the methodgetId()
. If this method does not exist on a class mixing in this trait, the method will fail.Adding the
getId()
as an abstract method to the trait will make sure it is available.