yiisoft / yii2

framework/db/mysql/Schema.php

<?php
/**
 * @link https://www.yiiframework.com/
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2008 Yii Software LLC
 * @license https://www.yiiframework.com/license/
 */

namespace yii\db\mysql;

use Yii;
use yii\base\InvalidConfigException;
use yii\base\NotSupportedException;
use yii\db\CheckConstraint;
use yii\db\Constraint;
use yii\db\ConstraintFinderInterface;
use yii\db\ConstraintFinderTrait;
use yii\db\Exception;
use yii\db\Expression;
use yii\db\ForeignKeyConstraint;
use yii\db\IndexConstraint;
use yii\db\TableSchema;
use yii\helpers\ArrayHelper;

/**
 * Schema is the class for retrieving metadata from a MySQL database (version 4.1.x and 5.x).
 *
 * @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
 * @since 2.0
 */
class Schema extends \yii\db\Schema implements ConstraintFinderInterface
{
    use ConstraintFinderTrait;

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public $columnSchemaClass = 'yii\db\mysql\ColumnSchema';
    /**
     * @var bool whether MySQL used is older than 5.1.
     */
    private $_oldMysql;


    /**
     * @var array mapping from physical column types (keys) to abstract column types (values)
     */
    public $typeMap = [
        'tinyint' => self::TYPE_TINYINT,
        'bool' => self::TYPE_TINYINT,
        'boolean' => self::TYPE_TINYINT,
        'bit' => self::TYPE_INTEGER,
        'smallint' => self::TYPE_SMALLINT,
        'mediumint' => self::TYPE_INTEGER,
        'int' => self::TYPE_INTEGER,
        'integer' => self::TYPE_INTEGER,
        'bigint' => self::TYPE_BIGINT,
        'float' => self::TYPE_FLOAT,
        'double' => self::TYPE_DOUBLE,
        'double precision' => self::TYPE_DOUBLE,
        'real' => self::TYPE_FLOAT,
        'decimal' => self::TYPE_DECIMAL,
        'numeric' => self::TYPE_DECIMAL,
        'dec' => self::TYPE_DECIMAL,
        'fixed' => self::TYPE_DECIMAL,
        'tinytext' => self::TYPE_TEXT,
        'mediumtext' => self::TYPE_TEXT,
        'longtext' => self::TYPE_TEXT,
        'longblob' => self::TYPE_BINARY,
        'blob' => self::TYPE_BINARY,
        'text' => self::TYPE_TEXT,
        'varchar' => self::TYPE_STRING,
        'string' => self::TYPE_STRING,
        'char' => self::TYPE_CHAR,
        'datetime' => self::TYPE_DATETIME,
        'year' => self::TYPE_DATE,
        'date' => self::TYPE_DATE,
        'time' => self::TYPE_TIME,
        'timestamp' => self::TYPE_TIMESTAMP,
        'enum' => self::TYPE_STRING,
        'set' => self::TYPE_STRING,
        'binary' => self::TYPE_BINARY,
        'varbinary' => self::TYPE_BINARY,
        'json' => self::TYPE_JSON,
    ];

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected $tableQuoteCharacter = '`';
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected $columnQuoteCharacter = '`';

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function resolveTableName($name)
    {
        $resolvedName = new TableSchema();
        $parts = explode('.', str_replace('`', '', $name));
        if (isset($parts[1])) {
            $resolvedName->schemaName = $parts[0];
            $resolvedName->name = $parts[1];
        } else {
            $resolvedName->schemaName = $this->defaultSchema;
            $resolvedName->name = $name;
        }
        $resolvedName->fullName = ($resolvedName->schemaName !== $this->defaultSchema ? $resolvedName->schemaName . '.' : '') . $resolvedName->name;
        return $resolvedName;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function findTableNames($schema = '')
    {
        $sql = 'SHOW TABLES';
        if ($schema !== '') {
            $sql .= ' FROM ' . $this->quoteSimpleTableName($schema);
        }

        return $this->db->createCommand($sql)->queryColumn();
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function loadTableSchema($name)
    {
        $table = new TableSchema();
        $this->resolveTableNames($table, $name);

        if ($this->findColumns($table)) {
            $this->findConstraints($table);
            return $table;
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function loadTablePrimaryKey($tableName)
    {
        return $this->loadTableConstraints($tableName, 'primaryKey');
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function loadTableForeignKeys($tableName)
    {
        return $this->loadTableConstraints($tableName, 'foreignKeys');
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function loadTableIndexes($tableName)
    {
        static $sql = <<<'SQL'
SELECT
    `s`.`INDEX_NAME` AS `name`,
    `s`.`COLUMN_NAME` AS `column_name`,
    `s`.`NON_UNIQUE` ^ 1 AS `index_is_unique`,
    `s`.`INDEX_NAME` = 'PRIMARY' AS `index_is_primary`
FROM `information_schema`.`STATISTICS` AS `s`
WHERE `s`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` = COALESCE(:schemaName, DATABASE()) AND `s`.`INDEX_SCHEMA` = `s`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` AND `s`.`TABLE_NAME` = :tableName
ORDER BY `s`.`SEQ_IN_INDEX` ASC
SQL;

        $resolvedName = $this->resolveTableName($tableName);
        $indexes = $this->db->createCommand($sql, [
            ':schemaName' => $resolvedName->schemaName,
            ':tableName' => $resolvedName->name,
        ])->queryAll();
        $indexes = $this->normalizePdoRowKeyCase($indexes, true);
        $indexes = ArrayHelper::index($indexes, null, 'name');
        $result = [];
        foreach ($indexes as $name => $index) {
            $result[] = new IndexConstraint([
                'isPrimary' => (bool) $index[0]['index_is_primary'],
                'isUnique' => (bool) $index[0]['index_is_unique'],
                'name' => $name !== 'PRIMARY' ? $name : null,
                'columnNames' => ArrayHelper::getColumn($index, 'column_name'),
            ]);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function loadTableUniques($tableName)
    {
        return $this->loadTableConstraints($tableName, 'uniques');
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function loadTableChecks($tableName)
    {
        $version = $this->db->getServerVersion();

        // check version MySQL >= 8.0.16
        if (\stripos($version, 'MariaDb') === false && \version_compare($version, '8.0.16', '<')) {
            throw new NotSupportedException('MySQL < 8.0.16 does not support check constraints.');
        }

        $checks = [];

        $sql = <<<SQL
        SELECT cc.CONSTRAINT_NAME as constraint_name, cc.CHECK_CLAUSE as check_clause
        FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc
        JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS cc
        ON tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME = cc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
        WHERE tc.TABLE_NAME = :tableName AND tc.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'CHECK';
        SQL;

        $resolvedName = $this->resolveTableName($tableName);
        $tableRows = $this->db->createCommand($sql, [':tableName' => $resolvedName->name])->queryAll();

        if ($tableRows === []) {
            return $checks;
        }

        $tableRows = $this->normalizePdoRowKeyCase($tableRows, true);

        foreach ($tableRows as $tableRow) {
            $check = new CheckConstraint(
                [
                    'name' => $tableRow['constraint_name'],
                    'expression' => $tableRow['check_clause'],
                ]
            );
            $checks[] = $check;
        }

        return $checks;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     * @throws NotSupportedException if this method is called.
     */
    protected function loadTableDefaultValues($tableName)

The parameter $tableName is not used and could be removed.

    {
        throw new NotSupportedException('MySQL does not support default value constraints.');
    }

    /**
     * Creates a query builder for the MySQL database.
     * @return QueryBuilder query builder instance
     */
    public function createQueryBuilder()
    {
        return Yii::createObject(QueryBuilder::className(), [$this->db]);
    }

    /**
     * Resolves the table name and schema name (if any).
     * @param TableSchema $table the table metadata object
     * @param string $name the table name
     */
    protected function resolveTableNames($table, $name)
    {
        $parts = explode('.', str_replace('`', '', $name));
        if (isset($parts[1])) {
            $table->schemaName = $parts[0];
            $table->name = $parts[1];
            $table->fullName = $table->schemaName . '.' . $table->name;
        } else {
            $table->fullName = $table->name = $parts[0];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Loads the column information into a [[ColumnSchema]] object.
     * @param array $info column information
     * @return ColumnSchema the column schema object
     */
    protected function loadColumnSchema($info)
    {
        $column = $this->createColumnSchema();

        $column->name = $info['field'];
        $column->allowNull = $info['null'] === 'YES';
        $column->isPrimaryKey = strpos($info['key'], 'PRI') !== false;
        $column->autoIncrement = stripos($info['extra'], 'auto_increment') !== false;
        $column->comment = $info['comment'];

        $column->dbType = $info['type'];
        $column->unsigned = stripos($column->dbType, 'unsigned') !== false;

        $column->type = self::TYPE_STRING;
        if (preg_match('/^(\w+)(?:\(([^\)]+)\))?/', $column->dbType, $matches)) {
            $type = strtolower($matches[1]);
            if (isset($this->typeMap[$type])) {
                $column->type = $this->typeMap[$type];
            }
            if (!empty($matches[2])) {
                if ($type === 'enum') {
                    preg_match_all("/'[^']*'/", $matches[2], $values);
                    foreach ($values[0] as $i => $value) {
                        $values[$i] = trim($value, "'");
                    }
                    $column->enumValues = $values;
                } else {
                    $values = explode(',', $matches[2]);
                    $column->size = $column->precision = (int) $values[0];
                    if (isset($values[1])) {
                        $column->scale = (int) $values[1];
                    }
                    if ($column->size === 1 && $type === 'bit') {
                        $column->type = 'boolean';
                    } elseif ($type === 'bit') {
                        if ($column->size > 32) {
                            $column->type = 'bigint';
                        } elseif ($column->size === 32) {
                            $column->type = 'integer';
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        $column->phpType = $this->getColumnPhpType($column);

        if (!$column->isPrimaryKey) {
            /**
             * When displayed in the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS table, a default CURRENT TIMESTAMP is displayed
             * as CURRENT_TIMESTAMP up until MariaDB 10.2.2, and as current_timestamp() from MariaDB 10.2.3.
             *
             * See details here: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/now/#description
             */
            if (
                in_array($column->type, ['timestamp', 'datetime', 'date', 'time'])
                && isset($info['default'])
                && preg_match('/^current_timestamp(?:\(([0-9]*)\))?$/i', $info['default'], $matches)
            ) {
                $column->defaultValue = new Expression('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP' . (!empty($matches[1]) ? '(' . $matches[1] . ')' : ''));
            } elseif (isset($type) && $type === 'bit') {
                $column->defaultValue = bindec(trim(isset($info['default']) ? $info['default'] : '', 'b\''));
            } else {
                $column->defaultValue = $column->phpTypecast($info['default']);
            }
        }

        return $column;
    }

    /**
     * Collects the metadata of table columns.
     * @param TableSchema $table the table metadata
     * @return bool whether the table exists in the database
     * @throws \Exception if DB query fails
     */
    protected function findColumns($table)
    {
        $sql = 'SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM ' . $this->quoteTableName($table->fullName);
        try {
            $columns = $this->db->createCommand($sql)->queryAll();
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            $previous = $e->getPrevious();
            if ($previous instanceof \PDOException && strpos($previous->getMessage(), 'SQLSTATE[42S02') !== false) {
                // table does not exist
                // https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/error-messages-server.html#error_er_bad_table_error
                return false;
            }
            throw $e;
        }


        $jsonColumns = $this->getJsonColumns($table);

        foreach ($columns as $info) {
            if ($this->db->slavePdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_CASE) !== \PDO::CASE_LOWER) {
                $info = array_change_key_case($info, CASE_LOWER);
            }

            if (\in_array($info['field'], $jsonColumns, true)) {
                $info['type'] = static::TYPE_JSON;
            }

            $column = $this->loadColumnSchema($info);
            $table->columns[$column->name] = $column;
            if ($column->isPrimaryKey) {
                $table->primaryKey[] = $column->name;
                if ($column->autoIncrement) {
                    $table->sequenceName = '';
                }
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the CREATE TABLE sql string.
     * @param TableSchema $table the table metadata
     * @return string $sql the result of 'SHOW CREATE TABLE'
     */
    protected function getCreateTableSql($table)
    {
        $row = $this->db->createCommand('SHOW CREATE TABLE ' . $this->quoteTableName($table->fullName))->queryOne();
        if (isset($row['Create Table'])) {
            $sql = $row['Create Table'];
        } else {
            $row = array_values($row);
            $sql = $row[1];
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Collects the foreign key column details for the given table.
     * @param TableSchema $table the table metadata
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function findConstraints($table)
    {
        $sql = <<<'SQL'
SELECT
    `kcu`.`CONSTRAINT_NAME` AS `constraint_name`,
    `kcu`.`COLUMN_NAME` AS `column_name`,
    `kcu`.`REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME` AS `referenced_table_name`,
    `kcu`.`REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME` AS `referenced_column_name`
FROM `information_schema`.`REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS` AS `rc`
JOIN `information_schema`.`KEY_COLUMN_USAGE` AS `kcu` ON
    (
        `kcu`.`CONSTRAINT_CATALOG` = `rc`.`CONSTRAINT_CATALOG` OR
        (`kcu`.`CONSTRAINT_CATALOG` IS NULL AND `rc`.`CONSTRAINT_CATALOG` IS NULL)
    ) AND
    `kcu`.`CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` = `rc`.`CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` AND
    `kcu`.`CONSTRAINT_NAME` = `rc`.`CONSTRAINT_NAME`
WHERE `rc`.`CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` = database() AND `kcu`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` = database()
AND `rc`.`TABLE_NAME` = :tableName AND `kcu`.`TABLE_NAME` = :tableName1
SQL;

        try {
            $rows = $this->db->createCommand($sql, [':tableName' => $table->name, ':tableName1' => $table->name])->queryAll();
            $constraints = [];

            foreach ($rows as $row) {
                $constraints[$row['constraint_name']]['referenced_table_name'] = $row['referenced_table_name'];
                $constraints[$row['constraint_name']]['columns'][$row['column_name']] = $row['referenced_column_name'];
            }

            $table->foreignKeys = [];
            foreach ($constraints as $name => $constraint) {
                $table->foreignKeys[$name] = array_merge(
                    [$constraint['referenced_table_name']],
                    $constraint['columns']
                );
            }
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            $previous = $e->getPrevious();
            if (!$previous instanceof \PDOException || strpos($previous->getMessage(), 'SQLSTATE[42S02') === false) {
                throw $e;
            }

            // table does not exist, try to determine the foreign keys using the table creation sql
            $sql = $this->getCreateTableSql($table);
            $regexp = '/FOREIGN KEY\s+\(([^\)]+)\)\s+REFERENCES\s+([^\(^\s]+)\s*\(([^\)]+)\)/mi';
            if (preg_match_all($regexp, $sql, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER)) {
                foreach ($matches as $match) {
                    $fks = array_map('trim', explode(',', str_replace(['`', '"'], '', $match[1])));
                    $pks = array_map('trim', explode(',', str_replace(['`', '"'], '', $match[3])));
                    $constraint = [str_replace(['`', '"'], '', $match[2])];
                    foreach ($fks as $k => $name) {
                        $constraint[$name] = $pks[$k];
                    }
                    $table->foreignKeys[md5(serialize($constraint))] = $constraint;
                }
                $table->foreignKeys = array_values($table->foreignKeys);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns all unique indexes for the given table.
     *
     * Each array element is of the following structure:
     *
     * ```php
     * [
     *     'IndexName1' => ['col1' [, ...]],
     *     'IndexName2' => ['col2' [, ...]],
     * ]
     * ```
     *
     * @param TableSchema $table the table metadata
     * @return array all unique indexes for the given table.
     */
    public function findUniqueIndexes($table)
    {
        $sql = $this->getCreateTableSql($table);
        $uniqueIndexes = [];

        $regexp = '/UNIQUE KEY\s+[`"](.+)[`"]\s*\(([`"].+[`"])+\)/mi';
        if (preg_match_all($regexp, $sql, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER)) {
            foreach ($matches as $match) {
                $indexName = $match[1];
                $indexColumns = array_map('trim', preg_split('/[`"],[`"]/', trim($match[2], '`"')));
                $uniqueIndexes[$indexName] = $indexColumns;
            }
        }

        return $uniqueIndexes;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function createColumnSchemaBuilder($type, $length = null)
    {
        return Yii::createObject(ColumnSchemaBuilder::className(), [$type, $length, $this->db]);
    }

    /**
     * @return bool whether the version of the MySQL being used is older than 5.1.
     * @throws InvalidConfigException
     * @throws Exception
     * @since 2.0.13
     */
    protected function isOldMysql()
    {
        if ($this->_oldMysql === null) {
            $version = $this->db->getSlavePdo(true)->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION);
            $this->_oldMysql = version_compare($version, '5.1', '<=');

It seems like version_compare($version, '5.1', '<=') can also be of type integer. However, the property $_oldMysql is declared as type boolean. Maybe add an additional type check?

        }

        return $this->_oldMysql;

The expression return $this->_oldMysql also could return the type integer which is incompatible with the documented return type boolean.

    }

    /**
     * Loads multiple types of constraints and returns the specified ones.
     * @param string $tableName table name.
     * @param string $returnType return type:
     * - primaryKey
     * - foreignKeys
     * - uniques
     * @return mixed constraints.
     */
    private function loadTableConstraints($tableName, $returnType)
    {
        static $sql = <<<'SQL'
SELECT
    `kcu`.`CONSTRAINT_NAME` AS `name`,
    `kcu`.`COLUMN_NAME` AS `column_name`,
    `tc`.`CONSTRAINT_TYPE` AS `type`,
    CASE
        WHEN :schemaName IS NULL AND `kcu`.`REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA` = DATABASE() THEN NULL
        ELSE `kcu`.`REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA`
    END AS `foreign_table_schema`,
    `kcu`.`REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME` AS `foreign_table_name`,
    `kcu`.`REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME` AS `foreign_column_name`,
    `rc`.`UPDATE_RULE` AS `on_update`,
    `rc`.`DELETE_RULE` AS `on_delete`,
    `kcu`.`ORDINAL_POSITION` AS `position`
FROM
    `information_schema`.`KEY_COLUMN_USAGE` AS `kcu`,
    `information_schema`.`REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS` AS `rc`,
    `information_schema`.`TABLE_CONSTRAINTS` AS `tc`
WHERE
    `kcu`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` = COALESCE(:schemaName1, DATABASE()) AND `kcu`.`CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` = `kcu`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` AND `kcu`.`TABLE_NAME` = :tableName
    AND `rc`.`CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA` = `kcu`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` AND `rc`.`TABLE_NAME` = :tableName1 AND `rc`.`CONSTRAINT_NAME` = `kcu`.`CONSTRAINT_NAME`
    AND `tc`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` = `kcu`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` AND `tc`.`TABLE_NAME` = :tableName2 AND `tc`.`CONSTRAINT_NAME` = `kcu`.`CONSTRAINT_NAME` AND `tc`.`CONSTRAINT_TYPE` = 'FOREIGN KEY'
UNION
SELECT
    `kcu`.`CONSTRAINT_NAME` AS `name`,
    `kcu`.`COLUMN_NAME` AS `column_name`,
    `tc`.`CONSTRAINT_TYPE` AS `type`,
    NULL AS `foreign_table_schema`,
    NULL AS `foreign_table_name`,
    NULL AS `foreign_column_name`,
    NULL AS `on_update`,
    NULL AS `on_delete`,
    `kcu`.`ORDINAL_POSITION` AS `position`
FROM
    `information_schema`.`KEY_COLUMN_USAGE` AS `kcu`,
    `information_schema`.`TABLE_CONSTRAINTS` AS `tc`
WHERE
    `kcu`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` = COALESCE(:schemaName2, DATABASE()) AND `kcu`.`TABLE_NAME` = :tableName3
    AND `tc`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` = `kcu`.`TABLE_SCHEMA` AND `tc`.`TABLE_NAME` = :tableName4 AND `tc`.`CONSTRAINT_NAME` = `kcu`.`CONSTRAINT_NAME` AND `tc`.`CONSTRAINT_TYPE` IN ('PRIMARY KEY', 'UNIQUE')
ORDER BY `position` ASC
SQL;

        $resolvedName = $this->resolveTableName($tableName);
        $constraints = $this->db->createCommand($sql, [
            ':schemaName' => $resolvedName->schemaName,
            ':schemaName1' => $resolvedName->schemaName,
            ':schemaName2' => $resolvedName->schemaName,
            ':tableName' => $resolvedName->name,
            ':tableName1' => $resolvedName->name,
            ':tableName2' => $resolvedName->name,
            ':tableName3' => $resolvedName->name,
            ':tableName4' => $resolvedName->name
        ])->queryAll();
        $constraints = $this->normalizePdoRowKeyCase($constraints, true);
        $constraints = ArrayHelper::index($constraints, null, ['type', 'name']);
        $result = [
            'primaryKey' => null,
            'foreignKeys' => [],
            'uniques' => [],
        ];
        foreach ($constraints as $type => $names) {
            foreach ($names as $name => $constraint) {
                switch ($type) {
                    case 'PRIMARY KEY':
                        $result['primaryKey'] = new Constraint([
                            'columnNames' => ArrayHelper::getColumn($constraint, 'column_name'),
                        ]);
                        break;
                    case 'FOREIGN KEY':
                        $result['foreignKeys'][] = new ForeignKeyConstraint([
                            'name' => $name,
                            'columnNames' => ArrayHelper::getColumn($constraint, 'column_name'),
                            'foreignSchemaName' => $constraint[0]['foreign_table_schema'],
                            'foreignTableName' => $constraint[0]['foreign_table_name'],
                            'foreignColumnNames' => ArrayHelper::getColumn($constraint, 'foreign_column_name'),
                            'onDelete' => $constraint[0]['on_delete'],
                            'onUpdate' => $constraint[0]['on_update'],
                        ]);
                        break;
                    case 'UNIQUE':
                        $result['uniques'][] = new Constraint([
                            'name' => $name,
                            'columnNames' => ArrayHelper::getColumn($constraint, 'column_name'),
                        ]);
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
        foreach ($result as $type => $data) {
            $this->setTableMetadata($tableName, $type, $data);
        }

        return $result[$returnType];
    }

    private function getJsonColumns(TableSchema $table): array
    {
        $sql = $this->getCreateTableSql($table);
        $result = [];

        $regexp = '/json_valid\([\`"](.+)[\`"]\s*\)/mi';

        if (\preg_match_all($regexp, $sql, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER)) {
            foreach ($matches as $match) {
                $result[] = $match[1];
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }
}