Complex classes like ByPropertyIdArray often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use ByPropertyIdArray, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php  | 
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| 46 | class ByPropertyIdArray extends ArrayObject { | 
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| 47 | |||
| 48 | /**  | 
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| 49 | * @var array[]|null  | 
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| 50 | */  | 
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| 51 | private $byId = null;  | 
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| 52 | |||
| 53 | /**  | 
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| 54 | * @see ArrayObject::__construct  | 
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| 55 | *  | 
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| 56 | 65 | * @param PropertyIdProvider[]|Traversable|null $input  | 
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| 57 | 65 | */  | 
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| 58 | 65 | 	public function __construct( $input = null ) { | 
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| 59 | parent::__construct( (array)$input );  | 
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| 60 | }  | 
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| 61 | |||
| 62 | /**  | 
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| 63 | * Builds the index for doing look-ups by property id.  | 
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| 64 | *  | 
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| 65 | 62 | * @since 0.2  | 
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| 66 | 62 | */  | 
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| 67 | 	public function buildIndex() { | 
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| 81 | |||
| 82 | /**  | 
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| 83 | * Checks whether id indexed array has been generated.  | 
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| 84 | 64 | *  | 
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| 85 | 64 | * @throws RuntimeException  | 
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| 86 | 2 | */  | 
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| 87 | 	private function assertIndexIsBuild() { | 
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| 88 | 62 | 		if ( $this->byId === null ) { | 
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| 89 | throw new RuntimeException( 'Index not build, call buildIndex first' );  | 
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| 90 | }  | 
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| 91 | }  | 
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| 92 | |||
| 93 | /**  | 
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| 94 | * Returns the property ids used for indexing.  | 
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| 95 | *  | 
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| 96 | * @since 0.2  | 
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| 97 | *  | 
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| 98 | 38 | * @return PropertyId[]  | 
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| 99 | 38 | * @throws RuntimeException  | 
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| 100 | */  | 
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| 101 | 37 | 	public function getPropertyIds() { | 
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| 102 | 37 | $this->assertIndexIsBuild();  | 
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| 103 | 37 | ||
| 104 | 37 | return array_map(  | 
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| 105 | 37 | 			function( $serializedPropertyId ) { | 
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| 106 | 37 | return new PropertyId( $serializedPropertyId );  | 
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| 107 | },  | 
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| 108 | array_keys( $this->byId )  | 
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| 109 | );  | 
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| 110 | }  | 
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| 111 | |||
| 112 | /**  | 
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| 113 | * Returns the objects featuring the provided property id in the index.  | 
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| 114 | *  | 
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| 115 | * @since 0.2  | 
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| 116 | *  | 
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| 117 | * @param PropertyId $propertyId  | 
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| 118 | *  | 
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| 119 | * @throws OutOfBoundsException  | 
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| 120 | 27 | * @throws RuntimeException  | 
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| 121 | 27 | * @return PropertyIdProvider[]  | 
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| 122 | */  | 
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| 123 | 26 | 	public function getByPropertyId( PropertyId $propertyId ) { | 
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| 124 | 1 | $this->assertIndexIsBuild();  | 
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| 125 | |||
| 126 | 		if ( !( array_key_exists( $propertyId->getSerialization(), $this->byId ) ) ) { | 
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| 127 | 25 | throw new OutOfBoundsException( "Object with propertyId \"$propertyId\" not found" );  | 
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| 128 | }  | 
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| 129 | |||
| 130 | return $this->byId[$propertyId->getSerialization()];  | 
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| 131 | }  | 
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| 132 | |||
| 133 | /**  | 
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| 134 | * Returns the absolute index of an object or false if the object could not be found.  | 
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| 135 | * @since 0.5  | 
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| 136 | *  | 
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| 137 | * @param PropertyIdProvider $object  | 
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| 138 | *  | 
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| 139 | 47 | * @return bool|int  | 
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| 140 | 47 | * @throws RuntimeException  | 
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| 141 | */  | 
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| 142 | 47 | 	public function getFlatArrayIndexOfObject( $object ) { | 
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| 143 | 47 | $this->assertIndexIsBuild();  | 
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| 144 | 47 | ||
| 145 | 47 | $i = 0;  | 
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| 146 | 		foreach ( $this as $o ) { | 
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| 147 | 40 | 			if ( $o === $object ) { | 
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| 148 | 40 | return $i;  | 
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| 149 | }  | 
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| 150 | $i++;  | 
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| 151 | }  | 
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| 152 | return false;  | 
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| 153 | }  | 
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| 154 | |||
| 155 | /**  | 
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| 156 | * Returns the objects in a flat array (using the indexed form for generating the array).  | 
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| 157 | * @since 0.5  | 
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| 158 | *  | 
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| 159 | * @return PropertyIdProvider[]  | 
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| 160 | 55 | * @throws RuntimeException  | 
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| 161 | 55 | */  | 
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| 162 | 	public function toFlatArray() { | 
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| 163 | 55 | $this->assertIndexIsBuild();  | 
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| 164 | 55 | ||
| 165 | 55 | $array = array();  | 
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| 166 | 55 | 		foreach ( $this->byId as $objects ) { | 
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                         | 
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| 167 | 55 | $array = array_merge( $array, $objects );  | 
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| 168 | }  | 
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| 169 | return $array;  | 
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| 170 | }  | 
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| 171 | |||
| 172 | /**  | 
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| 173 | * Returns the absolute numeric indices of objects featuring the same property id.  | 
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| 174 | *  | 
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| 175 | * @param PropertyId $propertyId  | 
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| 176 | *  | 
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| 177 | * @throws RuntimeException  | 
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| 178 | 43 | * @return int[]  | 
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| 179 | 43 | */  | 
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| 180 | 	private function getFlatArrayIndices( PropertyId $propertyId ) { | 
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| 181 | 43 | $this->assertIndexIsBuild();  | 
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| 182 | 43 | ||
| 183 | $propertyIndices = array();  | 
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| 184 | 43 | $i = 0;  | 
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| 185 | 41 | ||
| 186 | 41 | 		foreach ( $this->byId as $serializedPropertyId => $objects ) { | 
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| 187 | 41 | 			if ( $serializedPropertyId === $propertyId->getSerialization() ) { | 
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| 188 | $propertyIndices = range( $i, $i + count( $objects ) - 1 );  | 
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| 189 | 29 | break;  | 
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| 190 | 			} else { | 
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| 191 | 43 | $i += count( $objects );  | 
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| 192 | }  | 
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| 193 | 43 | }  | 
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| 194 | |||
| 195 | return $propertyIndices;  | 
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| 196 | }  | 
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| 197 | |||
| 198 | /**  | 
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| 199 | * Moves an object within its "property group".  | 
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| 200 | *  | 
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| 201 | * @param PropertyIdProvider $object  | 
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| 202 | * @param int $toIndex Absolute index within a "property group".  | 
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| 203 | *  | 
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| 204 | 38 | * @throws OutOfBoundsException  | 
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| 205 | 38 | */  | 
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| 206 | 	private function moveObjectInPropertyGroup( $object, $toIndex ) { | 
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| 207 | 38 | $currentIndex = $this->getFlatArrayIndexOfObject( $object );  | 
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| 208 | 17 | ||
| 209 | 		if ( $toIndex === $currentIndex ) { | 
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| 210 | return;  | 
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| 211 | 21 | }  | 
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| 212 | |||
| 213 | 21 | $propertyId = $object->getPropertyId();  | 
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| 214 | 21 | ||
| 215 | $numericIndices = $this->getFlatArrayIndices( $propertyId );  | 
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| 216 | 21 | $lastIndex = $numericIndices[count( $numericIndices ) - 1];  | 
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| 217 | |||
| 218 | 		if ( $toIndex > $lastIndex + 1 || $toIndex < $numericIndices[0] ) { | 
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| 219 | throw new OutOfBoundsException( 'Object cannot be moved to ' . $toIndex );  | 
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| 220 | 21 | }  | 
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| 221 | 12 | ||
| 222 | 12 | 		if ( $toIndex >= $lastIndex ) { | 
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| 223 | 9 | $this->moveObjectToEndOfPropertyGroup( $object );  | 
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| 224 | 		} else { | 
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| 225 | 9 | $this->removeObject( $object );  | 
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| 226 | 9 | ||
| 227 | 9 | $propertyGroup = array_combine(  | 
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| 228 | 9 | $this->getFlatArrayIndices( $propertyId ),  | 
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| 229 | $this->getByPropertyId( $propertyId )  | 
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| 230 | 9 | );  | 
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| 231 | 9 | ||
| 232 | $insertBefore = $propertyGroup[$toIndex];  | 
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| 233 | 21 | $this->insertObjectAtIndex( $object, $this->getFlatArrayIndexOfObject( $insertBefore ) );  | 
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| 234 | }  | 
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| 235 | }  | 
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| 236 | |||
| 237 | /**  | 
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| 238 | * Moves an object to the end of its "property group".  | 
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| 239 | *  | 
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| 240 | 12 | * @param PropertyIdProvider $object  | 
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| 241 | 12 | */  | 
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| 242 | 	private function moveObjectToEndOfPropertyGroup( $object ) { | 
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| 257 | |||
| 258 | /**  | 
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| 259 | * Removes an object from the array structures.  | 
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| 260 | *  | 
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| 261 | * @param PropertyIdProvider $object  | 
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| 262 | 23 | */  | 
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| 263 | 23 | 	private function removeObject( $object ) { | 
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| 264 | 23 | $flatArray = $this->toFlatArray();  | 
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| 265 | 23 | $this->exchangeArray( $flatArray );  | 
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| 266 | 23 | $this->offsetUnset( array_search( $object, $flatArray ) );  | 
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| 267 | 23 | $this->buildIndex();  | 
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| 268 | }  | 
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| 269 | |||
| 270 | /**  | 
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| 271 | * Inserts an object at a specific index.  | 
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| 272 | *  | 
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| 273 | * @param PropertyIdProvider $object  | 
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| 274 | * @param int $index Absolute index within the flat list of objects.  | 
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| 275 | 9 | */  | 
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| 276 | 9 | 	private function insertObjectAtIndex( $object, $index ) { | 
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| 277 | $flatArray = $this->toFlatArray();  | 
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| 278 | 9 | ||
| 279 | 9 | $this->exchangeArray( array_merge(  | 
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| 280 | 9 | array_slice( $flatArray, 0, $index ),  | 
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| 281 | 9 | array( $object ),  | 
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| 282 | 9 | array_slice( $flatArray, $index )  | 
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| 283 | ) );  | 
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| 284 | 9 | ||
| 285 | 9 | $this->buildIndex();  | 
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| 286 | }  | 
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| 287 | |||
| 288 | /**  | 
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| 289 | * @param PropertyId $propertyId  | 
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| 290 | * @param int $toIndex  | 
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| 291 | 32 | */  | 
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| 292 | 32 | 	private function movePropertyGroup( PropertyId $propertyId, $toIndex ) { | 
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| 293 | 		if ( $this->getPropertyGroupIndex( $propertyId ) === $toIndex ) { | 
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| 294 | return;  | 
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| 295 | }  | 
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| 296 | 32 | ||
| 297 | $insertBefore = null;  | 
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| 298 | 32 | ||
| 299 | 32 | $oldIndex = $this->getPropertyGroupIndex( $propertyId );  | 
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| 300 | $byIdClone = $this->byId;  | 
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| 301 | |||
| 302 | 32 | // Remove "property group" to calculate the groups new index:  | 
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| 303 | unset( $this->byId[$propertyId->getSerialization()] );  | 
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| 304 | 32 | ||
| 305 | 		if ( $toIndex > $oldIndex ) { | 
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| 306 | // If the group shall be moved towards the bottom, the number of objects within the  | 
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| 307 | 17 | // group needs to be subtracted from the absolute toIndex:  | 
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| 308 | 17 | $toIndex -= count( $byIdClone[$propertyId->getSerialization()] );  | 
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| 309 | }  | 
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| 310 | 32 | ||
| 311 | 		foreach ( $this->getPropertyIds() as $pId ) { | 
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| 312 | // Accepting other than the exact index by using <= letting the "property group" "latch"  | 
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| 313 | 32 | // in the next slot.  | 
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| 314 | 24 | 			if ( $toIndex <= $this->getPropertyGroupIndex( $pId ) ) { | 
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| 315 | 24 | $insertBefore = $pId;  | 
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| 316 | break;  | 
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| 317 | 32 | }  | 
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| 318 | }  | 
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| 319 | 32 | ||
| 320 | 32 | $serializedPropertyId = $propertyId->getSerialization();  | 
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| 321 | $this->byId = array();  | 
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| 322 | 32 | ||
| 323 | 32 | 		foreach ( $byIdClone as $serializedPId => $objects ) { | 
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| 324 | 32 | $pId = new PropertyId( $serializedPId );  | 
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| 325 | 32 | 			if ( $pId->equals( $propertyId ) ) { | 
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| 326 | 32 | continue;  | 
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| 327 | 24 | 			} elseif ( $pId->equals( $insertBefore ) ) { | 
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| 328 | 24 | $this->byId[$serializedPropertyId] = $byIdClone[$serializedPropertyId];  | 
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| 329 | 32 | }  | 
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| 330 | 32 | $this->byId[$serializedPId] = $objects;  | 
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| 331 | }  | 
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| 332 | 32 | ||
| 333 | 8 | 		if ( $insertBefore === null ) { | 
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| 334 | 8 | $this->byId[$serializedPropertyId] = $byIdClone[$serializedPropertyId];  | 
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| 335 | }  | 
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| 336 | 32 | ||
| 337 | 32 | $this->exchangeArray( $this->toFlatArray() );  | 
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| 338 | }  | 
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| 339 | |||
| 340 | /**  | 
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| 341 | * Returns the index of a "property group" (the first object in the flat array that features  | 
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| 342 | * the specified property). Returns false if property id could not be found.  | 
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| 343 | *  | 
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| 344 | * @param PropertyId $propertyId  | 
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| 345 | *  | 
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| 346 | * @return bool|int  | 
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| 347 | 32 | */  | 
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| 348 | 32 | 	private function getPropertyGroupIndex( PropertyId $propertyId ) { | 
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| 349 | $i = 0;  | 
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| 350 | 32 | ||
| 351 | 32 | 		foreach ( $this->byId as $serializedPropertyId => $objects ) { | 
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| 352 | 32 | $pId = new PropertyId( $serializedPropertyId );  | 
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| 353 | 32 | 			if ( $pId->equals( $propertyId ) ) { | 
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| 354 | return $i;  | 
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| 355 | 30 | }  | 
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| 356 | 30 | $i += count( $objects );  | 
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| 357 | }  | 
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| 358 | |||
| 359 | return false;  | 
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| 360 | }  | 
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| 361 | |||
| 362 | /**  | 
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| 363 | * Moves an existing object to a new index. Specifying an index outside the object's "property  | 
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| 364 | * group" will move the object to the edge of the "property group" and shift the whole group  | 
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| 365 | * to achieve the designated index for the object to move.  | 
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| 366 | * @since 0.5  | 
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| 367 | *  | 
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| 368 | * @param PropertyIdProvider $object  | 
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| 369 | * @param int $toIndex Absolute index where to move the object to.  | 
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| 370 | *  | 
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| 371 | * @throws OutOfBoundsException  | 
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| 372 | * @throws RuntimeException  | 
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| 373 | 47 | */  | 
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| 374 | 47 | 	public function moveObjectToIndex( $object, $toIndex ) { | 
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| 375 | $this->assertIndexIsBuild();  | 
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| 376 | 47 | ||
| 377 | 1 | 		if ( !in_array( $object, $this->toFlatArray() ) ) { | 
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| 378 | 46 | throw new OutOfBoundsException( 'Object not present in array' );  | 
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| 379 | 1 | 		} elseif ( $toIndex < 0 || $toIndex > count( $this ) ) { | 
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| 380 | 45 | throw new OutOfBoundsException( 'Specified index is out of bounds' );  | 
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| 381 | 7 | 		} elseif ( $this->getFlatArrayIndexOfObject( $object ) === $toIndex ) { | 
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| 382 | return;  | 
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| 383 | }  | 
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| 384 | |||
| 385 | 38 | // Determine whether to simply reindex the object within its "property group":  | 
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| 386 | $propertyIndices = $this->getFlatArrayIndices( $object->getPropertyId() );  | 
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| 387 | 38 | ||
| 388 | 8 | 		if ( in_array( $toIndex, $propertyIndices ) ) { | 
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| 389 | 8 | $this->moveObjectInPropertyGroup( $object, $toIndex );  | 
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| 390 | 30 | 		} else { | 
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| 391 | 30 | $edgeIndex = ( $toIndex <= $propertyIndices[0] )  | 
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| 392 | 30 | ? $propertyIndices[0]  | 
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| 393 | : $propertyIndices[count( $propertyIndices ) - 1];  | 
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| 394 | 30 | ||
| 395 | 30 | $this->moveObjectInPropertyGroup( $object, $edgeIndex );  | 
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| 396 | $this->movePropertyGroup( $object->getPropertyId(), $toIndex );  | 
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| 397 | }  | 
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| 398 | 38 | ||
| 399 | 38 | $this->exchangeArray( $this->toFlatArray() );  | 
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| 400 | }  | 
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| 401 | |||
| 402 | /**  | 
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| 403 | * Adds an object at a specific index. If no index is specified, the object will be append to  | 
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| 404 | * the end of its "property group" or - if no objects featuring the same property exist - to the  | 
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| 405 | * absolute end of the array.  | 
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| 406 | * Specifying an index outside a "property group" will place the new object at the specified  | 
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| 407 | * index with the existing "property group" objects being shifted towards the new object.  | 
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| 408 | *  | 
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| 409 | * @since 0.5  | 
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| 410 | *  | 
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| 411 | * @param PropertyIdProvider $object  | 
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| 412 | * @param int|null $index Absolute index where to place the new object.  | 
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| 413 | *  | 
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| 414 | 7 | * @throws RuntimeException  | 
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| 415 | 7 | */  | 
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| 416 | 	public function addObjectAtIndex( $object, $index = null ) { | 
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| 417 | 7 | $this->assertIndexIsBuild();  | 
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| 418 | 7 | ||
| 419 | $propertyId = $object->getPropertyId();  | 
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| 420 | 7 | $validIndices = $this->getFlatArrayIndices( $propertyId );  | 
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| 421 | |||
| 422 | 2 | 		if ( count( $this ) === 0 ) { | 
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| 423 | 7 | // Array is empty, just append object.  | 
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| 424 | $this->append( $object );  | 
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| 425 | 		} elseif ( empty( $validIndices ) ) { | 
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| 426 | 2 | // No objects featuring that property exist. The object may be inserted at a place  | 
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| 427 | 2 | // between existing "property groups".  | 
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| 428 | 2 | $this->append( $object );  | 
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| 429 | 2 | 			if ( $index !== null ) { | 
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| 430 | 2 | $this->buildIndex();  | 
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| 431 | 2 | $this->moveObjectToIndex( $object, $index );  | 
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| 432 | }  | 
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| 433 | 		} else { | 
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| 434 | 3 | // Objects featuring the same property as the object which is about to be added already  | 
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| 435 | // exist in the array.  | 
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| 436 | $this->addObjectToPropertyGroup( $object, $index );  | 
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| 437 | 7 | }  | 
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| 438 | 7 | ||
| 439 | $this->buildIndex();  | 
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| 440 | }  | 
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| 441 | |||
| 442 | /**  | 
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| 443 | * Adds an object to an existing property group at the specified absolute index.  | 
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| 444 | *  | 
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| 445 | * @param PropertyIdProvider $object  | 
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| 446 | * @param int|null $index  | 
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| 447 | *  | 
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| 448 | 3 | * @throws OutOfBoundsException  | 
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| 449 | */  | 
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| 450 | 3 | 	private function addObjectToPropertyGroup( $object, $index = null ) { | 
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| 487 | |||
| 488 | }  | 
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| 489 | 
There are different options of fixing this problem.
If you want to be on the safe side, you can add an additional type-check:
If you are sure that the expression is traversable, you might want to add a doc comment cast to improve IDE auto-completion and static analysis:
Mark the issue as a false-positive: Just hover the remove button, in the top-right corner of this issue for more options.