Stringy\Stringy

Complexity

Total Complexity

147

Size/Duplication

Total Lines	2190
Duplicated Lines	1.83 %

Coupling/Cohesion

Components	1
Dependencies	4

Test Coverage

Coverage

96.83%

Importance

Changes

0

130 Methods

Rating	Name	Duplication	Size	Complexity
B	__construct()	0	26	6
A	__toString()	0	4	1
A	append()	0	4	1
A	count()	0	4	1
A	create()	0	10	3
A	endsWith()	0	8	2
A	escape()	0	10	1
A	getEncoding()	0	4	1
A	htmlDecode()	10	10	1
A	htmlEncode()	10	10	1
A	indexOf()	0	9	1
A	indexOfIgnoreCase()	0	9	1
A	indexOfLast()	0	9	1
A	indexOfLastIgnoreCase()	0	9	1
A	isBase64()	0	4	1
A	isEmail()	0	4	1
A	isEmpty()	0	4	1
A	isHtml()	0	4	1
A	isJson()	0	4	1
A	length()	0	4	1
A	lowerCaseFirst()	0	6	1
A	offsetGet()	0	4	1
A	offsetSet()	0	6	1
A	offsetUnset()	0	6	1
A	pad()	0	12	1
A	prepend()	0	4	1
A	removeXss()	0	12	2
A	repeat()	0	6	1
A	replace()	10	10	2
A	replaceAll()	10	10	2
A	stripeCssMediaQueries()	0	6	1
A	afterFirst()	0	10	1
A	afterFirstIgnoreCase()	0	10	1
A	afterLast()	0	10	1
A	afterLastIgnoreCase()	0	10	1
A	appendPassword()	0	6	1
A	appendRandomString()	0	6	1
A	appendUniqueIdentifier()	0	6	1
A	at()	0	6	1
A	beforeFirst()	0	10	1
A	beforeFirstIgnoreCase()	0	10	1
A	beforeLast()	0	10	1
A	beforeLastIgnoreCase()	0	10	1
A	between()	0	12	1
A	camelize()	0	7	1
A	capitalizePersonalName()	0	7	1
A	chars()	0	4	1
A	collapseWhitespace()	0	6	1
A	contains()	0	9	1
A	containsAll()	0	9	1
A	containsAny()	0	9	1
A	countSubstr()	0	9	1
A	dasherize()	0	6	1
A	delimit()	0	6	1
A	endsWithAny()	0	8	2
A	ensureLeft()	0	6	1
A	ensureRight()	0	6	1
A	extractText()	0	12	1
A	first()	0	6	1
A	getIterator()	0	4	1
A	hasLowerCase()	0	4	1
A	hasUpperCase()	0	4	1
A	humanize()	0	6	1
A	insert()	0	11	1
A	is()	0	11	2
A	isAlpha()	0	4	1
A	isAlphanumeric()	0	4	1
A	isBlank()	0	4	1
A	isHexadecimal()	0	4	1
A	isLowerCase()	0	4	1
A	isSerialized()	0	4	1
A	isUpperCase()	0	4	1
A	last()	0	10	1
A	lastSubstringOf()	0	6	1
A	lastSubstringOfIgnoreCase()	0	6	1
A	lineWrapAfterWord()	0	6	1
A	lines()	0	10	2
A	longestCommonPrefix()	0	10	1
A	longestCommonSubstring()	0	10	1
A	longestCommonSuffix()	0	10	1
A	matchesPattern()	0	4	1
A	offsetExists()	0	8	1
A	padBoth()	0	11	1
A	padLeft()	0	11	1
A	padRight()	0	11	1
A	regexReplace()	0	12	1
A	removeHtml()	0	6	1
A	removeHtmlBreak()	0	6	1
A	removeLeft()	0	6	1
A	removeRight()	0	7	1
A	replaceBeginning()	0	6	1
A	replaceEnding()	0	6	1
A	reverse()	0	6	1
A	safeTruncate()	0	6	1
A	shortenAfterWord()	0	6	1
A	shuffle()	0	6	1
A	slice()	0	6	1
A	slugify()	0	6	1
A	snakeize()	0	6	1
A	split()	0	10	2
A	startsWith()	0	8	2
A	startsWithAny()	0	8	2
A	stripWhitespace()	0	6	1
A	stripeEmptyHtmlTags()	0	6	1
A	substr()	0	11	1
A	substringOf()	0	6	1
A	substringOfIgnoreCase()	0	6	1
A	surround()	0	6	1
A	swapCase()	0	6	1
A	tidy()	0	6	1
A	titleize()	0	6	1
A	titleizeForHumans()	0	6	1
A	toAscii()	0	6	1
A	toBoolean()	0	4	1
A	toLowerCase()	0	6	1
A	toSpaces()	0	6	1
A	toString()	0	4	1
A	toTabs()	0	6	1
A	toTitleCase()	0	6	1
A	toUpperCase()	0	6	1
A	trim()	0	6	1
A	trimLeft()	0	6	1
A	trimRight()	0	6	1
A	truncate()	0	6	1
A	underscored()	0	4	1
A	upperCamelize()	0	6	1
A	upperCaseFirst()	0	6	1
A	utf8ify()	0	6	1
A	replaceFirst()	0	6	1
A	replaceLast()	0	6	1

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Stringy;

use voku\helper\AntiXSS;
use voku\helper\EmailCheck;
use voku\helper\URLify;
use voku\helper\UTF8;

/**
 * Class Stringy
 *
 * @package Stringy
 */
class Stringy implements \Countable, \IteratorAggregate, \ArrayAccess
{
  /**
   * An instance's string.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $str;

  /**
   * The string's encoding, which should be one of the mbstring module's
   * supported encodings.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $encoding;

  /**
   * Initializes a Stringy object and assigns both str and encoding properties
   * the supplied values. $str is cast to a string prior to assignment, and if
   * $encoding is not specified, it defaults to mb_internal_encoding(). Throws
   * an InvalidArgumentException if the first argument is an array or object
   * without a __toString method.
   *
   * @param mixed  $str      [optional] <p>Value to modify, after being cast to string. Default: ''</p>
   * @param string $encoding [optional] <p>The character encoding. Fallback: 'UTF-8'</p>
   *
   * @throws \InvalidArgumentException <p>if an array or object without a
   *         __toString method is passed as the first argument</p>
   */
  public function __construct($str = '', string $encoding = null)
  {
    if (\is_array($str)) {
      throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
          'Passed value cannot be an array'
      );
    }

    if (
        \is_object($str)
        &&
        !\method_exists($str, '__toString')
    ) {
      throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
          'Passed object must have a __toString method'
      );
    }

    $this->str = (string)$str;

    if ($encoding && $encoding !== 'UTF-8') {

The expression $encoding of type null|string is loosely compared to true; this is ambiguous if the string can be empty. You might want to explicitly use !== null instead.

      $this->encoding = UTF8::normalize_encoding($encoding);
    } else {
      $this->encoding = 'UTF-8';
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the value in $str.
   *
   * @return string <p>The current value of the $str property.</p>
   */
  public function __toString()
  {
    return (string)$this->str;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring after the first occurrence of a separator.
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $separator
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function afterFirst(string $separator): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_substr_after_first_separator(
            $this->str,
            $separator,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring after the first occurrence of a separator.
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $separator
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function afterFirstIgnoreCase(string $separator): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_isubstr_after_first_separator(
            $this->str,
            $separator,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring after the last occurrence of a separator.
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $separator
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function afterLast(string $separator): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_substr_after_last_separator(
            $this->str,
            $separator,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring after the last occurrence of a separator.
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $separator
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function afterLastIgnoreCase(string $separator): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_isubstr_after_last_separator(
            $this->str,
            $separator,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new string with $string appended.
   *
   * @param string $string <p>The string to append.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with appended $string.</p>
   */
  public function append(string $string): self
  {
    return static::create($this->str . $string, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Append an password (limited to chars that are good readable).
   *
   * @param int $length <p>Length of the random string.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with appended password.</p>
   */
  public function appendPassword(int $length): self
  {
    $possibleChars = '2346789bcdfghjkmnpqrtvwxyzBCDFGHJKLMNPQRTVWXYZ!?_#';

    return $this->appendRandomString($length, $possibleChars);
  }

  /**
   * Append an random string.
   *
   * @param int    $length        <p>Length of the random string.</p>
   * @param string $possibleChars [optional] <p>Characters string for the random selection.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with appended random string.</p>
   */
  public function appendRandomString(int $length, string $possibleChars = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::get_random_string($length, $possibleChars);

    return $this->append($str);
  }

  /**
   * Append an unique identifier.
   *
   * @param string|int $entropyExtra [optional] <p>Extra entropy via a string or int value.</p>
   * @param bool       $md5          [optional] <p>Return the unique identifier as md5-hash? Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with appended unique identifier as md5-hash.</p>
   */
  public function appendUniqueIdentifier($entropyExtra = '', bool $md5 = true): self
  {
    $uniqueString = UTF8::get_unique_string($entropyExtra, $md5);

    return $this->append($uniqueString);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the character at $index, with indexes starting at 0.
   *
   * @param int $index <p>Position of the character.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>The character at $index.</p>
   */
  public function at(int $index): self
  {
    $chr = UTF8::char_at($this->str, $index);

    return static::create($chr, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring before the first occurrence of a separator.
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $separator
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function beforeFirst(string $separator): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_substr_before_first_separator(
            $this->str,
            $separator,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring before the first occurrence of a separator.
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $separator
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function beforeFirstIgnoreCase(string $separator): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_isubstr_before_first_separator(
            $this->str,
            $separator,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring before the last occurrence of a separator.
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $separator
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function beforeLast(string $separator): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_substr_before_last_separator(
            $this->str,
            $separator,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring before the last occurrence of a separator.
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $separator
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function beforeLastIgnoreCase(string $separator): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_isubstr_before_last_separator(
            $this->str,
            $separator,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns the substring between $start and $end, if found, or an empty
   * string. An optional offset may be supplied from which to begin the
   * search for the start string.
   *
   * @param string $start  <p>Delimiter marking the start of the substring.</p>
   * @param string $end    <p>Delimiter marking the end of the substring.</p>
   * @param int    $offset [optional] <p>Index from which to begin the search. Default: 0</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object whose $str is a substring between $start and $end.</p>
   */
  public function between(string $start, string $end, int $offset = 0): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::between(
        $this->str,
        $start,
        $end,
        $offset,
        $this->encoding
    );

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a camelCase version of the string. Trims surrounding spaces,
   * capitalizes letters following digits, spaces, dashes and underscores,
   * and removes spaces, dashes, as well as underscores.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with $str in camelCase.</p>
   */
  public function camelize(): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_camelize($this->str, $this->encoding),
        $this->encoding
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns the string with the first letter of each word capitalized,
   * except for when the word is a name which shouldn't be capitalized.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with $str capitalized.</p>
   */
  public function capitalizePersonalName(): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_capitalize_name($this->str),
        $this->encoding
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns an array consisting of the characters in the string.
   *
   * @return array <p>An array of string chars.</p>
   */
  public function chars(): array
  {
    return UTF8::chars($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Trims the string and replaces consecutive whitespace characters with a
   * single space. This includes tabs and newline characters, as well as
   * multibyte whitespace such as the thin space and ideographic space.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a trimmed $str and condensed whitespace.</p>
   */
  public function collapseWhitespace(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::collapse_whitespace($this->str);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains $needle, false otherwise. By default
   * the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive by setting
   * $caseSensitive to false.
   *
   * @param string $needle        <p>Substring to look for.</p>
   * @param bool   $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains $needle.</p>
   */
  public function contains(string $needle, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
  {
    return UTF8::str_contains(
        $this->str,
        $needle,
        $caseSensitive,
        $this->encoding
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains all $needles, false otherwise. By
   * default the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive by
   * setting $caseSensitive to false.
   *
   * @param array $needles       <p>SubStrings to look for.</p>
   * @param bool  $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains $needle.</p>
   */
  public function containsAll(array $needles, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
  {
    return UTF8::str_contains_all(
        $this->str,
        $needles,
        $caseSensitive,
        $this->encoding
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains any $needles, false otherwise. By
   * default the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive by
   * setting $caseSensitive to false.
   *
   * @param array $needles       <p>SubStrings to look for.</p>
   * @param bool  $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains $needle.</p>
   */
  public function containsAny(array $needles, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
  {
    return UTF8::str_contains_any(
        $this->str,
        $needles,
        $caseSensitive,
        $this->encoding
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns the length of the string, implementing the countable interface.
   *
   * @return int <p>The number of characters in the string, given the encoding.</p>
   */
  public function count(): int
  {
    return $this->length();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of occurrences of $substring in the given string.
   * By default, the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive
   * by setting $caseSensitive to false.
   *
   * @param string $substring     <p>The substring to search for.</p>
   * @param bool   $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return int|false <p>This functions returns an integer or false if there isn't a string.</p>
   */
  public function countSubstr(string $substring, bool $caseSensitive = true)
  {
    return UTF8::substr_count_simple(
        $this->str,
        $substring,
        $caseSensitive,
        $this->encoding
    );
  }

  /**
   * Creates a Stringy object and assigns both str and encoding properties
   * the supplied values. $str is cast to a string prior to assignment, and if
   * $encoding is not specified, it defaults to mb_internal_encoding(). It
   * then returns the initialized object. Throws an InvalidArgumentException
   * if the first argument is an array or object without a __toString method.
   *
   * @param mixed  $str      [optional] <p>Value to modify, after being cast to string. Default: ''</p>
   * @param string $encoding [optional] <p>The character encoding. Fallback: 'UTF-8'</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>A Stringy object.</p>
   *
   * @throws \InvalidArgumentException <p>if an array or object without a
   *         __toString method is passed as the first argument</p>
   */
  public static function create($str = '', string $encoding = null): self
  {
    if ($encoding && $encoding !== 'UTF-8') {

The expression $encoding of type null|string is loosely compared to true; this is ambiguous if the string can be empty. You might want to explicitly use !== null instead.

      $encoding = UTF8::normalize_encoding($encoding);
    } else {
      $encoding = 'UTF-8';
    }

    return new static($str, $encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a lowercase and trimmed string separated by dashes. Dashes are
   * inserted before uppercase characters (with the exception of the first
   * character of the string), and in place of spaces as well as underscores.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a dasherized $str</p>
   */
  public function dasherize(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_dasherize($this->str);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a lowercase and trimmed string separated by the given delimiter.
   * Delimiters are inserted before uppercase characters (with the exception
   * of the first character of the string), and in place of spaces, dashes,
   * and underscores. Alpha delimiters are not converted to lowercase.
   *
   * @param string $delimiter <p>Sequence used to separate parts of the string.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a delimited $str.</p>
   */
  public function delimit(string $delimiter): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_delimit($this->str, $delimiter);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string ends with $substring, false otherwise. By
   * default, the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive
   * by setting $caseSensitive to false.
   *
   * @param string $substring     <p>The substring to look for.</p>
   * @param bool   $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str ends with $substring.</p>
   */
  public function endsWith(string $substring, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
  {
    if ($caseSensitive) {
      return UTF8::str_ends_with($this->str, $substring);
    }

    return UTF8::str_iends_with($this->str, $substring);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string ends with any of $substrings, false otherwise.
   * By default, the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive
   * by setting $caseSensitive to false.
   *
   * @param string[] $substrings    <p>Substrings to look for.</p>
   * @param bool     $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return bool     <p>Whether or not $str ends with $substring.</p>
   */
  public function endsWithAny(array $substrings, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
  {
    if ($caseSensitive) {
      return UTF8::str_ends_with_any($this->str, $substrings);
    }

    return UTF8::str_iends_with_any($this->str, $substrings);
  }

  /**
   * Ensures that the string begins with $substring. If it doesn't, it's
   * prepended.
   *
   * @param string $substring <p>The substring to add if not present.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with its $str prefixed by the $substring.</p>
   */
  public function ensureLeft(string $substring): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_ensure_left($this->str, $substring);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Ensures that the string ends with $substring. If it doesn't, it's appended.
   *
   * @param string $substring <p>The substring to add if not present.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with its $str suffixed by the $substring.</p>
   */
  public function ensureRight(string $substring): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_ensure_right($this->str, $substring);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Create a escape html version of the string via "UTF8::htmlspecialchars()".
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function escape(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::htmlspecialchars(
        $this->str,
        ENT_QUOTES | ENT_SUBSTITUTE,
        $this->encoding
    );

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Create an extract from a sentence, so if the search-string was found, it try to centered in the output.
   *
   * @param string   $search
   * @param int|null $length                 [optional] <p>Default: null === text->length / 2</p>
   * @param string   $replacerForSkippedText [optional] <p>Default: …</p>
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function extractText(string $search = '', int $length = null, string $replacerForSkippedText = '…'): self
  {
    $extract = UTF8::extract_text(
        $this->str,
        $search,
        $length,
        $replacerForSkippedText,
        $this->encoding
    );

    return static::create($extract, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the first $n characters of the string.
   *
   * @param int $n <p>Number of characters to retrieve from the start.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the first $n chars.</p>
   */
  public function first(int $n): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::first_char($this->str, $n);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the encoding used by the Stringy object.
   *
   * @return string <p>The current value of the $encoding property.</p>
   */
  public function getEncoding(): string
  {
    return $this->encoding;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new ArrayIterator, thus implementing the IteratorAggregate
   * interface. The ArrayIterator's constructor is passed an array of chars
   * in the multibyte string. This enables the use of foreach with instances
   * of Stringy\Stringy.
   *
   * @return \ArrayIterator <p>An iterator for the characters in the string.</p>
   */
  public function getIterator(): \ArrayIterator
  {
    return new \ArrayIterator($this->chars());
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains a lower case char, false otherwise.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not the string contains a lower case character.</p>
   */
  public function hasLowerCase(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::has_lowercase($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains an upper case char, false otherwise.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not the string contains an upper case character.</p>
   */
  public function hasUpperCase(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::has_uppercase($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Convert all HTML entities to their applicable characters.
   *
   * @param int $flags       [optional] <p>
   *                         A bitmask of one or more of the following flags, which specify how to handle quotes and
   *                         which document type to use. The default is ENT_COMPAT.
   *                         <table>
   *                         Available <i>flags</i> constants
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td>Constant Name</td>
   *                         <td>Description</td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_COMPAT</b></td>
   *                         <td>Will convert double-quotes and leave single-quotes alone.</td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_QUOTES</b></td>
   *                         <td>Will convert both double and single quotes.</td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_NOQUOTES</b></td>
   *                         <td>Will leave both double and single quotes unconverted.</td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_HTML401</b></td>
   *                         <td>
   *                         Handle code as HTML 4.01.
   *                         </td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_XML1</b></td>
   *                         <td>
   *                         Handle code as XML 1.
   *                         </td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_XHTML</b></td>
   *                         <td>
   *                         Handle code as XHTML.
   *                         </td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_HTML5</b></td>
   *                         <td>
   *                         Handle code as HTML 5.
   *                         </td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         </table>
   *                         </p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after being html decoded.</p>
   */
  public function htmlDecode(int $flags = ENT_COMPAT): self

This method seems to be duplicated in your project.

  {
    $str = UTF8::html_entity_decode(
        $this->str,
        $flags,
        $this->encoding
    );

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Convert all applicable characters to HTML entities.
   *
   * @param int $flags       [optional] <p>
   *                         A bitmask of one or more of the following flags, which specify how to handle quotes and
   *                         which document type to use. The default is ENT_COMPAT.
   *                         <table>
   *                         Available <i>flags</i> constants
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td>Constant Name</td>
   *                         <td>Description</td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_COMPAT</b></td>
   *                         <td>Will convert double-quotes and leave single-quotes alone.</td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_QUOTES</b></td>
   *                         <td>Will convert both double and single quotes.</td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_NOQUOTES</b></td>
   *                         <td>Will leave both double and single quotes unconverted.</td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_HTML401</b></td>
   *                         <td>
   *                         Handle code as HTML 4.01.
   *                         </td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_XML1</b></td>
   *                         <td>
   *                         Handle code as XML 1.
   *                         </td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_XHTML</b></td>
   *                         <td>
   *                         Handle code as XHTML.
   *                         </td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         <tr valign="top">
   *                         <td><b>ENT_HTML5</b></td>
   *                         <td>
   *                         Handle code as HTML 5.
   *                         </td>
   *                         </tr>
   *                         </table>
   *                         </p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after being html encoded.</p>
   */
  public function htmlEncode(int $flags = ENT_COMPAT): self

This method seems to be duplicated in your project.

  {
    $str = UTF8::htmlentities(
        $this->str,
        $flags,
        $this->encoding
    );

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Capitalizes the first word of the string, replaces underscores with
   * spaces, and strips '_id'.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a humanized $str.</p>
   */
  public function humanize(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_humanize($this->str);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the index of the first occurrence of $needle in the string,
   * and false if not found. Accepts an optional offset from which to begin
   * the search.
   *
   * @param string $needle <p>Substring to look for.</p>
   * @param int    $offset [optional] <p>Offset from which to search. Default: 0</p>
   *
   * @return int|false <p>The occurrence's <strong>index</strong> if found, otherwise <strong>false</strong>.</p>
   */
  public function indexOf(string $needle, int $offset = 0)
  {
    return UTF8::strpos(
        $this->str,
        $needle,
        $offset,
        $this->encoding
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns the index of the first occurrence of $needle in the string,
   * and false if not found. Accepts an optional offset from which to begin
   * the search.
   *
   * @param string $needle <p>Substring to look for.</p>
   * @param int    $offset [optional] <p>Offset from which to search. Default: 0</p>
   *
   * @return int|false <p>The occurrence's <strong>index</strong> if found, otherwise <strong>false</strong>.</p>
   */
  public function indexOfIgnoreCase(string $needle, int $offset = 0)
  {
    return UTF8::stripos(
        $this->str,
        $needle,
        $offset,
        $this->encoding
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns the index of the last occurrence of $needle in the string,
   * and false if not found. Accepts an optional offset from which to begin
   * the search. Offsets may be negative to count from the last character
   * in the string.
   *
   * @param string $needle <p>Substring to look for.</p>
   * @param int    $offset [optional] <p>Offset from which to search. Default: 0</p>
   *
   * @return int|false <p>The last occurrence's <strong>index</strong> if found, otherwise <strong>false</strong>.</p>
   */
  public function indexOfLast(string $needle, int $offset = 0)
  {
    return UTF8::strrpos(
        $this->str,
        $needle,
        $offset,
        $this->encoding
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns the index of the last occurrence of $needle in the string,
   * and false if not found. Accepts an optional offset from which to begin
   * the search. Offsets may be negative to count from the last character
   * in the string.
   *
   * @param string $needle <p>Substring to look for.</p>
   * @param int    $offset [optional] <p>Offset from which to search. Default: 0</p>
   *
   * @return int|false <p>The last occurrence's <strong>index</strong> if found, otherwise <strong>false</strong>.</p>
   */
  public function indexOfLastIgnoreCase(string $needle, int $offset = 0)
  {
    return UTF8::strripos(
        $this->str,
        $needle,
        $offset,
        $this->encoding
    );
  }

  /**
   * Inserts $substring into the string at the $index provided.
   *
   * @param string $substring <p>String to be inserted.</p>
   * @param int    $index     <p>The index at which to insert the substring.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the insertion.</p>
   */
  public function insert(string $substring, int $index): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_insert(
        $this->str,
        $substring,
        $index,
        $this->encoding
    );

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains the $pattern, otherwise false.
   *
   * WARNING: Asterisks ("*") are translated into (".*") zero-or-more regular
   * expression wildcards.
   *
   * @credit Originally from Laravel, thanks Taylor.
   *
   * @param string $pattern <p>The string or pattern to match against.</p>
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not we match the provided pattern.</p>
   */
  public function is(string $pattern): bool
  {
    if ($this->toString() === $pattern) {
      return true;
    }

    $quotedPattern = \preg_quote($pattern, '/');
    $replaceWildCards = \str_replace('\*', '.*', $quotedPattern);

    return $this->matchesPattern('^' . $replaceWildCards . '\z');
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains only alphabetic chars, false otherwise.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only alphabetic chars.</p>
   */
  public function isAlpha(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::is_alpha($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains only alphabetic and numeric chars, false otherwise.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only alphanumeric chars.</p>
   */
  public function isAlphanumeric(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::is_alphanumeric($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string is base64 encoded, false otherwise.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str is base64 encoded.</p>
   */
  public function isBase64(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::is_base64($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains only whitespace chars, false otherwise.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only whitespace characters.</p>
   */
  public function isBlank(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::is_blank($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains a valid E-Mail address, false otherwise.
   *
   * @param bool $useExampleDomainCheck   [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
   * @param bool $useTypoInDomainCheck    [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
   * @param bool $useTemporaryDomainCheck [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
   * @param bool $useDnsCheck             [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains a valid E-Mail address.</p>
   */
  public function isEmail(bool $useExampleDomainCheck = false, bool $useTypoInDomainCheck = false, bool $useTemporaryDomainCheck = false, bool $useDnsCheck = false): bool
  {
    return EmailCheck::isValid($this->str, $useExampleDomainCheck, $useTypoInDomainCheck, $useTemporaryDomainCheck, $useDnsCheck);
  }

  /**
   * Determine whether the string is considered to be empty.
   *
   * A variable is considered empty if it does not exist or if its value equals FALSE.
   * empty() does not generate a warning if the variable does not exist.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str is empty().</p>
   */
  public function isEmpty(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::is_empty($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains only hexadecimal chars, false otherwise.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only hexadecimal chars.</p>
   */
  public function isHexadecimal(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::is_hexadecimal($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains HTML-Tags, false otherwise.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains HTML-Tags.</p>
   */
  public function isHtml(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::is_html($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string is JSON, false otherwise. Unlike json_decode
   * in PHP 5.x, this method is consistent with PHP 7 and other JSON parsers,
   * in that an empty string is not considered valid JSON.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str is JSON.</p>
   */
  public function isJson(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::is_json($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains only lower case chars, false otherwise.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only lower case characters.</p>
   */
  public function isLowerCase(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::is_lowercase($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string is serialized, false otherwise.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str is serialized.</p>
   */
  public function isSerialized(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::is_serialized($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string contains only lower case chars, false
   * otherwise.
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only lower case characters.</p>
   */
  public function isUpperCase(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::is_uppercase($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the last $n characters of the string.
   *
   * @param int $n <p>Number of characters to retrieve from the end.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the last $n chars.</p>
   */
  public function last(int $n): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_last_char(
        $this->str,
        $n,
        $this->encoding
    );

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring after (or before via "$beforeNeedle") the last occurrence of the "$needle".
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $needle       <p>The string to look for.</p>
   * @param bool   $beforeNeedle [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function lastSubstringOf(string $needle, bool $beforeNeedle = false): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_substr_last($this->str, $needle, $beforeNeedle, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring after (or before via "$beforeNeedle") the last occurrence of the "$needle".
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $needle       <p>The string to look for.</p>
   * @param bool   $beforeNeedle [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function lastSubstringOfIgnoreCase(string $needle, bool $beforeNeedle = false): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_isubstr_last($this->str, $needle, $beforeNeedle, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the length of the string.
   *
   * @return int <p>The number of characters in $str given the encoding.</p>
   */
  public function length(): int
  {
    return UTF8::strlen($this->str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Line-Wrap the string after $limit, but also after the next word.
   *
   * @param int $limit
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function lineWrapAfterWord(int $limit): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::wordwrap_per_line($this->str, $limit);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Splits on newlines and carriage returns, returning an array of Stringy
   * objects corresponding to the lines in the string.
   *
   * @return static[] <p>An array of Stringy objects.</p>
   */
  public function lines(): array
  {
    $array = UTF8::str_to_lines($this->str);

    foreach ($array as $i => &$value) {
      $value = static::create($value, $this->encoding);
    }

    return $array;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the longest common prefix between the string and $otherStr.
   *
   * @param string $otherStr <p>Second string for comparison.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the longest common prefix.</p>
   */
  public function longestCommonPrefix(string $otherStr): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_longest_common_prefix(
        $this->str,
        $otherStr,
        $this->encoding
    );

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the longest common substring between the string and $otherStr.
   * In the case of ties, it returns that which occurs first.
   *
   * @param string $otherStr <p>Second string for comparison.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the longest common substring.</p>
   */
  public function longestCommonSubstring(string $otherStr): self
  {
    $longestCommonSubstring = UTF8::str_longest_common_substring(
        $this->str,
        $otherStr,
        $this->encoding
    );

    return static::create($longestCommonSubstring, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the longest common suffix between the string and $otherStr.
   *
   * @param string $otherStr <p>Second string for comparison.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the longest common suffix.</p>
   */
  public function longestCommonSuffix(string $otherStr): self
  {
    $longestCommonSuffix = UTF8::str_longest_common_suffix(
        $this->str,
        $otherStr,
        $this->encoding
    );

    return static::create($longestCommonSuffix, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Converts the first character of the string to lower case.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the first character of $str being lower case.</p>
   */
  public function lowerCaseFirst(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::lcfirst($this->str, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if $str matches the supplied pattern, false otherwise.
   *
   * @param string $pattern <p>Regex pattern to match against.</p>
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str matches the pattern.</p>
   */
  protected function matchesPattern(string $pattern): bool
  {
    return UTF8::str_matches_pattern($this->str, $pattern);
  }

  /**
   * Returns whether or not a character exists at an index. Offsets may be
   * negative to count from the last character in the string. Implements
   * part of the ArrayAccess interface.
   *
   * @param int $offset <p>The index to check.</p>
   *
   * @return boolean <p>Whether or not the index exists.</p>
   */
  public function offsetExists($offset): bool
  {
    return UTF8::str_offset_exists(
        $this->str,
        $offset,
        $this->encoding
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns the character at the given index. Offsets may be negative to
   * count from the last character in the string. Implements part of the
   * ArrayAccess interface, and throws an OutOfBoundsException if the index
   * does not exist.
   *
   * @param int $offset <p>The <strong>index</strong> from which to retrieve the char.</p>
   *
   * @return string <p>The character at the specified index.</p>
   *
   * @throws \OutOfBoundsException <p>If the positive or negative offset does not exist.</p>
   */
  public function offsetGet($offset): string
  {
    return UTF8::str_offset_get($this->str, $offset, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Implements part of the ArrayAccess interface, but throws an exception
   * when called. This maintains the immutability of Stringy objects.
   *
   * @param int   $offset <p>The index of the character.</p>
   * @param mixed $value  <p>Value to set.</p>
   *
   * @throws \Exception <p>When called.</p>
   */
  public function offsetSet($offset, $value)
  {
    // Stringy is immutable, cannot directly set char
    /** @noinspection ThrowRawExceptionInspection */
    throw new \Exception('Stringy object is immutable, cannot modify char');
  }

  /**
   * Implements part of the ArrayAccess interface, but throws an exception
   * when called. This maintains the immutability of Stringy objects.
   *
   * @param int $offset <p>The index of the character.</p>
   *
   * @throws \Exception <p>When called.</p>
   */
  public function offsetUnset($offset)
  {
    // Don't allow directly modifying the string
    /** @noinspection ThrowRawExceptionInspection */
    throw new \Exception('Stringy object is immutable, cannot unset char');
  }

  /**
   * Pads the string to a given length with $padStr. If length is less than
   * or equal to the length of the string, no padding takes places. The
   * default string used for padding is a space, and the default type (one of
   * 'left', 'right', 'both') is 'right'. Throws an InvalidArgumentException
   * if $padType isn't one of those 3 values.
   *
   * @param int    $length  <p>Desired string length after padding.</p>
   * @param string $padStr  [optional] <p>String used to pad, defaults to space. Default: ' '</p>
   * @param string $padType [optional] <p>One of 'left', 'right', 'both'. Default: 'right'</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a padded $str.</p>
   *
   * @throws \InvalidArgumentException <p>If $padType isn't one of 'right', 'left' or 'both'.</p>
   */
  public function pad(int $length, string $padStr = ' ', string $padType = 'right'): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_pad(
            $this->str,
            $length,
            $padStr,
            $padType,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new string of a given length such that both sides of the
   * string are padded. Alias for pad() with a $padType of 'both'.
   *
   * @param int    $length <p>Desired string length after padding.</p>
   * @param string $padStr [optional] <p>String used to pad, defaults to space. Default: ' '</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>String with padding applied.</p>
   */
  public function padBoth(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_pad_both(
            $this->str,
            $length,
            $padStr,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new string of a given length such that the beginning of the
   * string is padded. Alias for pad() with a $padType of 'left'.
   *
   * @param int    $length <p>Desired string length after padding.</p>
   * @param string $padStr [optional] <p>String used to pad, defaults to space. Default: ' '</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>String with left padding.</p>
   */
  public function padLeft(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_pad_left(
            $this->str,
            $length,
            $padStr,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new string of a given length such that the end of the string
   * is padded. Alias for pad() with a $padType of 'right'.
   *
   * @param int    $length <p>Desired string length after padding.</p>
   * @param string $padStr [optional] <p>String used to pad, defaults to space. Default: ' '</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>String with right padding.</p>
   */
  public function padRight(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): self
  {
    return static::create(
        UTF8::str_pad_right(
            $this->str,
            $length,
            $padStr,
            $this->encoding
        )
    );
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new string starting with $string.
   *
   * @param string $string <p>The string to append.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with appended $string.</p>
   */
  public function prepend(string $string): self
  {
    return static::create($string . $this->str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Replaces all occurrences of $pattern in $str by $replacement.
   *
   * @param string $pattern     <p>The regular expression pattern.</p>
   * @param string $replacement <p>The string to replace with.</p>
   * @param string $options     [optional] <p>Matching conditions to be used.</p>
   * @param string $delimiter   [optional] <p>Delimiter the the regex. Default: '/'</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the result2ing $str after the replacements.</p>
   */
  public function regexReplace(string $pattern, string $replacement, string $options = '', string $delimiter = '/'): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::regex_replace(
        $this->str,
        $pattern,
        $replacement,
        $options,
        $delimiter
    );

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Remove html via "strip_tags()" from the string.
   *
   * @param string $allowableTags [optional] <p>You can use the optional second parameter to specify tags which should
   *                              not be stripped. Default: null
   *                              </p>
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function removeHtml(string $allowableTags = null): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::remove_html($this->str, $allowableTags);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Remove all breaks [<br> | \r\n | \r | \n | ...] from the string.
   *
   * @param string $replacement [optional] <p>Default is a empty string.</p>
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function removeHtmlBreak(string $replacement = ''): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::remove_html_breaks($this->str, $replacement);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new string with the prefix $substring removed, if present.
   *
   * @param string $substring <p>The prefix to remove.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object having a $str without the prefix $substring.</p>
   */
  public function removeLeft(string $substring): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::remove_left($this->str, $substring, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new string with the suffix $substring removed, if present.
   *
   * @param string $substring <p>The suffix to remove.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object having a $str without the suffix $substring.</p>
   */
  public function removeRight(string $substring): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::remove_right($this->str, $substring, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);

  }

  /**
   * Try to remove all XSS-attacks from the string.
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function removeXss(): self
  {
    static $antiXss = null;

    if ($antiXss === null) {
      $antiXss = new AntiXSS();
    }

    $str = $antiXss->xss_clean($this->str);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a repeated string given a multiplier.
   *
   * @param int $multiplier <p>The number of times to repeat the string.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a repeated str.</p>
   */
  public function repeat(int $multiplier): self
  {
    $repeated = UTF8::str_repeat($this->str, $multiplier);

    return static::create($repeated, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Replaces all occurrences of $search in $str by $replacement.
   *
   * @param string $search        <p>The needle to search for.</p>
   * @param string $replacement   <p>The string to replace with.</p>
   * @param bool   $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
   */
  public function replace(string $search, string $replacement, bool $caseSensitive = true): self

This method seems to be duplicated in your project.

  {
    if ($caseSensitive) {
      $return = UTF8::str_replace($search, $replacement, $this->str);
    } else {
      $return = UTF8::str_ireplace($search, $replacement, $this->str);
    }

    return static::create($return, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Replaces all occurrences of $search in $str by $replacement.
   *
   * @param array        $search        <p>The elements to search for.</p>
   * @param string|array $replacement   <p>The string to replace with.</p>
   * @param bool         $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
   */
  public function replaceAll(array $search, $replacement, bool $caseSensitive = true): self

This method seems to be duplicated in your project.

  {
    if ($caseSensitive) {
      $return = UTF8::str_replace($search, $replacement, $this->str);
    } else {
      $return = UTF8::str_ireplace($search, $replacement, $this->str);
    }

    return static::create($return, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Replaces first occurrences of $search from the beginning of string with $replacement.
   *
   * @param string $search      <p>The string to search for.</p>
   * @param string $replacement <p>The replacement.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
   */
  public function replaceFirst(string $search, string $replacement): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_replace_first($search, $replacement, $this->str);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Replaces last occurrences of $search from the ending of string with $replacement.
   *
   * @param string $search      <p>The string to search for.</p>
   * @param string $replacement <p>The replacement.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
   */
  public function replaceLast(string $search, string $replacement): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_replace_last($search, $replacement, $this->str);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Replaces all occurrences of $search from the beginning of string with $replacement.
   *
   * @param string $search      <p>The string to search for.</p>
   * @param string $replacement <p>The replacement.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
   */
  public function replaceBeginning(string $search, string $replacement): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_replace_beginning($this->str, $search, $replacement);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Replaces all occurrences of $search from the ending of string with $replacement.
   *
   * @param string $search      <p>The string to search for.</p>
   * @param string $replacement <p>The replacement.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
   */
  public function replaceEnding(string $search, string $replacement): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_replace_ending($this->str, $search, $replacement);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a reversed string. A multibyte version of strrev().
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a reversed $str.</p>
   */
  public function reverse(): self
  {
    $reversed = UTF8::strrev($this->str);

    return static::create($reversed, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Truncates the string to a given length, while ensuring that it does not
   * split words. If $substring is provided, and truncating occurs, the
   * string is further truncated so that the substring may be appended without
   * exceeding the desired length.
   *
   * @param int    $length    <p>Desired length of the truncated string.</p>
   * @param string $substring [optional] <p>The substring to append if it can fit. Default: ''</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after truncating.</p>
   */
  public function safeTruncate(int $length, string $substring = ''): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_truncate_safe($this->str, $length, $substring, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Shorten the string after $length, but also after the next word.
   *
   * @param int    $length
   * @param string $strAddOn [optional] <p>Default: '…'</p>
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function shortenAfterWord(int $length, string $strAddOn = '…'): self
  {
    $string = UTF8::str_limit_after_word($this->str, $length, $strAddOn);

    return static::create($string, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * A multibyte string shuffle function. It returns a string with its
   * characters in random order.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a shuffled $str.</p>
   */
  public function shuffle(): self
  {
    $shuffledStr = UTF8::str_shuffle($this->str);

    return static::create($shuffledStr, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the substring beginning at $start, and up to, but not including
   * the index specified by $end. If $end is omitted, the function extracts
   * the remaining string. If $end is negative, it is computed from the end
   * of the string.
   *
   * @param int $start <p>Initial index from which to begin extraction.</p>
   * @param int $end   [optional] <p>Index at which to end extraction. Default: null</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the extracted substring.</p>
   */
  public function slice(int $start, int $end = null): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_slice($this->str, $start, $end, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Converts the string into an URL slug. This includes replacing non-ASCII
   * characters with their closest ASCII equivalents, removing remaining
   * non-ASCII and non-alphanumeric characters, and replacing whitespace with
   * $replacement. The replacement defaults to a single dash, and the string
   * is also converted to lowercase.
   *
   * @param string $replacement [optional] <p>The string used to replace whitespace. Default: '-'</p>
   * @param string $language    [optional] <p>The language for the url. Default: 'de'</p>
   * @param bool   $strToLower  [optional] <p>string to lower. Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object whose $str has been converted to an URL slug.</p>
   */
  public function slugify(string $replacement = '-', string $language = 'de', bool $strToLower = true): self
  {
    $slug = URLify::slug($this->str, $language, $replacement, $strToLower);

    return static::create($slug, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Convert a string to e.g.: "snake_case"
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with $str in snake_case.</p>
   */
  public function snakeize(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_snakeize($this->str, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Splits the string with the provided regular expression, returning an
   * array of Stringy objects. An optional integer $limit will truncate the
   * results.
   *
   * @param string $pattern <p>The regex with which to split the string.</p>
   * @param int    $limit   [optional] <p>Maximum number of results to return. Default: -1 === no limit</p>
   *
   * @return static[] <p>An array of Stringy objects.</p>
   */
  public function split(string $pattern, int $limit = -1): array
  {
    $array = UTF8::str_split_pattern($this->str, $pattern, $limit);

    foreach ($array as $i => &$value) {
      $value = static::create($value, $this->encoding);
    }

    return $array;
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string begins with $substring, false otherwise. By
   * default, the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive
   * by setting $caseSensitive to false.
   *
   * @param string $substring     <p>The substring to look for.</p>
   * @param bool   $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str starts with $substring.</p>
   */
  public function startsWith(string $substring, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
  {
    if ($caseSensitive) {
      return UTF8::str_starts_with($this->str, $substring);
    }

    return UTF8::str_istarts_with($this->str, $substring);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if the string begins with any of $substrings, false otherwise.
   * By default the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive by
   * setting $caseSensitive to false.
   *
   * @param array $substrings    <p>Substrings to look for.</p>
   * @param bool  $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
   *
   * @return bool  <p>Whether or not $str starts with $substring.</p>
   */
  public function startsWithAny(array $substrings, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
  {
    if ($caseSensitive) {
      return UTF8::str_starts_with_any($this->str, $substrings);
    }

    return UTF8::str_istarts_with_any($this->str, $substrings);
  }

  /**
   * Strip all whitespace characters. This includes tabs and newline characters,
   * as well as multibyte whitespace such as the thin space and ideographic space.
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function stripWhitespace(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::strip_whitespace($this->str);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Remove css media-queries.
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function stripeCssMediaQueries(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::css_stripe_media_queries($this->str);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Remove empty html-tag.
   *
   * e.g.: <tag></tag>
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function stripeEmptyHtmlTags(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::html_stripe_empty_tags($this->str);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the substring beginning at $start with the specified $length.
   * It differs from the UTF8::substr() function in that providing a $length of
   * null will return the rest of the string, rather than an empty string.
   *
   * @param int $start  <p>Position of the first character to use.</p>
   * @param int $length [optional] <p>Maximum number of characters used. Default: null</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the substring.</p>
   */
  public function substr(int $start, int $length = null): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::substr(
        $this->str,
        $start,
        $length,
        $this->encoding
    );

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring after (or before via "$beforeNeedle") the first occurrence of the "$needle".
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $needle       <p>The string to look for.</p>
   * @param bool   $beforeNeedle [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function substringOf(string $needle, bool $beforeNeedle = false): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_substr_first($this->str, $needle, $beforeNeedle, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the substring after (or before via "$beforeNeedle") the first occurrence of the "$needle".
   * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
   *
   * @param string $needle       <p>The string to look for.</p>
   * @param bool   $beforeNeedle [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function substringOfIgnoreCase(string $needle, bool $beforeNeedle = false): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_isubstr_first($this->str, $needle, $beforeNeedle, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Surrounds $str with the given substring.
   *
   * @param string $substring <p>The substring to add to both sides.</P>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object whose $str had the substring both prepended and appended.</p>
   */
  public function surround(string $substring): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_surround($this->str, $substring);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a case swapped version of the string.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object whose $str has each character's case swapped.</P>
   */
  public function swapCase(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::swapCase($this->str, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a string with smart quotes, ellipsis characters, and dashes from
   * Windows-1252 (commonly used in Word documents) replaced by their ASCII
   * equivalents.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object whose $str has those characters removed.</p>
   */
  public function tidy(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::normalize_msword($this->str);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a trimmed string with the first letter of each word capitalized.
   * Also accepts an array, $ignore, allowing you to list words not to be
   * capitalized.
   *
   * @param array|null $ignore [optional] <p>An array of words not to capitalize or null. Default: null</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a titleized $str.</p>
   */
  public function titleize(array $ignore = null): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_titleize($this->str, $ignore, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a trimmed string in proper title case.
   *
   * Also accepts an array, $ignore, allowing you to list words not to be
   * capitalized.
   *
   * Adapted from John Gruber's script.
   *
   * @see https://gist.github.com/gruber/9f9e8650d68b13ce4d78
   *
   * @param array $ignore <p>An array of words not to capitalize.</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a titleized $str</p>
   */
  public function titleizeForHumans(array $ignore = []): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_titleize_for_humans($this->str, $ignore, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an ASCII version of the string. A set of non-ASCII characters are
   * replaced with their closest ASCII counterparts, and the rest are removed
   * unless instructed otherwise.
   *
   * @param bool $strict [optional] <p>Use "transliterator_transliterate()" from PHP-Intl | WARNING: bad performance |
   *                     Default: false</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object whose $str contains only ASCII characters.</p>
   */
  public function toAscii(bool $strict = false): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::to_ascii($this->str, '?', $strict);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a boolean representation of the given logical string value.
   * For example, 'true', '1', 'on' and 'yes' will return true. 'false', '0',
   * 'off', and 'no' will return false. In all instances, case is ignored.
   * For other numeric strings, their sign will determine the return value.
   * In addition, blank strings consisting of only whitespace will return
   * false. For all other strings, the return value is a result of a
   * boolean cast.
   *
   * @return bool <p>A boolean value for the string.</p>
   */
  public function toBoolean(): bool
  {
    return UTF8::to_boolean($this->str);
  }

  /**
   * Converts all characters in the string to lowercase.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with all characters of $str being lowercase.</p>
   */
  public function toLowerCase(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::strtolower($this->str, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Converts each tab in the string to some number of spaces, as defined by
   * $tabLength. By default, each tab is converted to 4 consecutive spaces.
   *
   * @param int $tabLength [optional] <p>Number of spaces to replace each tab with. Default: 4</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object whose $str has had tabs switched to spaces.</p>
   */
  public function toSpaces(int $tabLength = 4): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::tabs_to_spaces($this->str, $tabLength);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Return Stringy object as string, but you can also use (string) for automatically casting the object into a string.
   *
   * @return string
   */
  public function toString(): string
  {
    return (string)$this->str;
  }

  /**
   * Converts each occurrence of some consecutive number of spaces, as
   * defined by $tabLength, to a tab. By default, each 4 consecutive spaces
   * are converted to a tab.
   *
   * @param int $tabLength [optional] <p>Number of spaces to replace with a tab. Default: 4</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object whose $str has had spaces switched to tabs.</p>
   */
  public function toTabs(int $tabLength = 4): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::spaces_to_tabs($this->str, $tabLength);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Converts the first character of each word in the string to uppercase
   * and all other chars to lowercase.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with all characters of $str being title-cased.</p>
   */
  public function toTitleCase(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::titlecase($this->str, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Converts all characters in the string to uppercase.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with all characters of $str being uppercase.</p>
   */
  public function toUpperCase(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::strtoupper($this->str, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a string with whitespace removed from the start and end of the
   * string. Supports the removal of unicode whitespace. Accepts an optional
   * string of characters to strip instead of the defaults.
   *
   * @param string $chars [optional] <p>String of characters to strip. Default: null</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a trimmed $str.</p>
   */
  public function trim(string $chars = null): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::trim($this->str, $chars);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a string with whitespace removed from the start of the string.
   * Supports the removal of unicode whitespace. Accepts an optional
   * string of characters to strip instead of the defaults.
   *
   * @param string $chars [optional] <p>Optional string of characters to strip. Default: null</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a trimmed $str.</p>
   */
  public function trimLeft(string $chars = null): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::ltrim($this->str, $chars);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a string with whitespace removed from the end of the string.
   * Supports the removal of unicode whitespace. Accepts an optional
   * string of characters to strip instead of the defaults.
   *
   * @param string $chars [optional] <p>Optional string of characters to strip. Default: null</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with a trimmed $str.</p>
   */
  public function trimRight(string $chars = null): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::rtrim($this->str, $chars);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Truncates the string to a given length. If $substring is provided, and
   * truncating occurs, the string is further truncated so that the substring
   * may be appended without exceeding the desired length.
   *
   * @param int    $length    <p>Desired length of the truncated string.</p>
   * @param string $substring [optional] <p>The substring to append if it can fit. Default: ''</p>
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after truncating.</p>
   */
  public function truncate(int $length, string $substring = ''): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_truncate($this->str, $length, $substring, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a lowercase and trimmed string separated by underscores.
   * Underscores are inserted before uppercase characters (with the exception
   * of the first character of the string), and in place of spaces as well as
   * dashes.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with an underscored $str.</p>
   */
  public function underscored(): self
  {
    return $this->delimit('_');
  }

  /**
   * Returns an UpperCamelCase version of the supplied string. It trims
   * surrounding spaces, capitalizes letters following digits, spaces, dashes
   * and underscores, and removes spaces, dashes, underscores.
   *
   * @return static  <p>Object with $str in UpperCamelCase.</p>
   */
  public function upperCamelize(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::str_upper_camelize($this->str, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Converts the first character of the supplied string to upper case.
   *
   * @return static <p>Object with the first character of $str being upper case.</p>
   */
  public function upperCaseFirst(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::ucfirst($this->str, $this->encoding);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }

  /**
   * Converts the string into an valid UTF-8 string.
   *
   * @return static
   */
  public function utf8ify(): self
  {
    $str = UTF8::cleanup($this->str);

    return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
  }
}