Stringy::getEncoding() - Code Metrics - Inspection of "[+]: re-sync with original "Stringy"" - voku/Stringy - Measure and Improve Code Quality continuously with Scrutinizer

Completed
Push — master ( 8af890...b7c649 )

by Lars
created 2019-01-11 01:40 UTC
Stringy::getEncoding() A

↳ Parent: Stringy
Complexity

Conditions	1
Paths	1
Size

Total Lines
Duplication

Lines	0
Ratio	0 %
Code Coverage

Tests	2
CRAP Score	1
Importance

Changes
Metric	Value
cc	1
nc	1
nop	0
dl	0
loc	4
ccs	2
cts	2
cp	1
crap	1
rs	10
c	0
b	0
f	0
<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Stringy;

use voku\helper\AntiXSS;
use voku\helper\EmailCheck;
use voku\helper\URLify;
use voku\helper\UTF8;

/**
 * Class Stringy
 */
class Stringy implements \Countable, \IteratorAggregate, \ArrayAccess
{
    /**
     * An instance's string.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $str;

    /**
     * The string's encoding, which should be one of the mbstring module's
     * supported encodings.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $encoding;

    /**
     * Initializes a Stringy object and assigns both str and encoding properties
     * the supplied values. $str is cast to a string prior to assignment, and if
     * $encoding is not specified, it defaults to mb_internal_encoding(). Throws
     * an InvalidArgumentException if the first argument is an array or object
     * without a __toString method.
     *
     * @param mixed  $str      [optional] <p>Value to modify, after being cast to string. Default: ''</p>
     * @param string $encoding [optional] <p>The character encoding. Fallback: 'UTF-8'</p>
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException <p>if an array or object without a
     *                                   __toString method is passed as the first argument</p>
     */
    public function __construct($str = '', string $encoding = null)
    {
        if (\is_array($str)) {
            throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
                'Passed value cannot be an array'
            );
        }

        if (
            \is_object($str)
            &&
            !\method_exists($str, '__toString')
        ) {
            throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
                'Passed object must have a __toString method'
            );
        }

        $this->str = (string) $str;

        if ($encoding && $encoding !== 'UTF-8') {
''   == false // true
''   == null  // true
'ab' == false // false
'ab' == null  // false

// It is often better to use strict comparison
'' === false // false
'' === null  // false
            $this->encoding = UTF8::normalize_encoding($encoding);
        } else {
            $this->encoding = 'UTF-8';
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the value in $str.
     *
     * @return string <p>The current value of the $str property.</p>
     */
    public function __toString()
    {
        return (string) $this->str;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring after the first occurrence of a separator.
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $separator
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function afterFirst(string $separator): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_substr_after_first_separator(
                $this->str,
                $separator,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring after the first occurrence of a separator.
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $separator
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function afterFirstIgnoreCase(string $separator): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_isubstr_after_first_separator(
                $this->str,
                $separator,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring after the last occurrence of a separator.
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $separator
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function afterLast(string $separator): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_substr_after_last_separator(
                $this->str,
                $separator,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring after the last occurrence of a separator.
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $separator
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function afterLastIgnoreCase(string $separator): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_isubstr_after_last_separator(
                $this->str,
                $separator,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string with $string appended.
     *
     * @param string $string <p>The string to append.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with appended $string.</p>
     */
    public function append(string $string): self
    {
        return static::create($this->str . $string, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Append an password (limited to chars that are good readable).
     *
     * @param int $length <p>Length of the random string.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with appended password.</p>
     */
    public function appendPassword(int $length): self
    {
        $possibleChars = '2346789bcdfghjkmnpqrtvwxyzBCDFGHJKLMNPQRTVWXYZ!?_#';

        return $this->appendRandomString($length, $possibleChars);
    }

    /**
     * Append an random string.
     *
     * @param int    $length        <p>Length of the random string.</p>
     * @param string $possibleChars [optional] <p>Characters string for the random selection.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with appended random string.</p>
     */
    public function appendRandomString(int $length, string $possibleChars = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::get_random_string($length, $possibleChars);

        return $this->append($str);
    }

    /**
     * Append an unique identifier.
     *
     * @param int|string $entropyExtra [optional] <p>Extra entropy via a string or int value.</p>
     * @param bool       $md5          [optional] <p>Return the unique identifier as md5-hash? Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with appended unique identifier as md5-hash.</p>
     */
    public function appendUniqueIdentifier($entropyExtra = '', bool $md5 = true): self
    {
        $uniqueString = UTF8::get_unique_string($entropyExtra, $md5);

        return $this->append($uniqueString);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the character at $index, with indexes starting at 0.
     *
     * @param int $index <p>Position of the character.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>The character at $index.</p>
     */
    public function at(int $index): self
    {
        $chr = UTF8::char_at($this->str, $index);

        return static::create($chr, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring before the first occurrence of a separator.
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $separator
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function beforeFirst(string $separator): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_substr_before_first_separator(
                $this->str,
                $separator,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring before the first occurrence of a separator.
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $separator
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function beforeFirstIgnoreCase(string $separator): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_isubstr_before_first_separator(
                $this->str,
                $separator,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring before the last occurrence of a separator.
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $separator
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function beforeLast(string $separator): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_substr_before_last_separator(
                $this->str,
                $separator,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring before the last occurrence of a separator.
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $separator
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function beforeLastIgnoreCase(string $separator): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_isubstr_before_last_separator(
                $this->str,
                $separator,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns the substring between $start and $end, if found, or an empty
     * string. An optional offset may be supplied from which to begin the
     * search for the start string.
     *
     * @param string $start  <p>Delimiter marking the start of the substring.</p>
     * @param string $end    <p>Delimiter marking the end of the substring.</p>
     * @param int    $offset [optional] <p>Index from which to begin the search. Default: 0</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object whose $str is a substring between $start and $end.</p>
     */
    public function between(string $start, string $end, int $offset = null): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::between(
            $this->str,
            $start,
            $end,
            (int) $offset,
            $this->encoding
        );

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a camelCase version of the string. Trims surrounding spaces,
     * capitalizes letters following digits, spaces, dashes and underscores,
     * and removes spaces, dashes, as well as underscores.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with $str in camelCase.</p>
     */
    public function camelize(): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_camelize($this->str, $this->encoding),
            $this->encoding
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns the string with the first letter of each word capitalized,
     * except for when the word is a name which shouldn't be capitalized.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with $str capitalized.</p>
     */
    public function capitalizePersonalName(): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_capitalize_name($this->str),
            $this->encoding
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array consisting of the characters in the string.
     *
     * @return array <p>An array of string chars.</p>
     */
    public function chars(): array
    {
        return UTF8::chars($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Trims the string and replaces consecutive whitespace characters with a
     * single space. This includes tabs and newline characters, as well as
     * multibyte whitespace such as the thin space and ideographic space.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a trimmed $str and condensed whitespace.</p>
     */
    public function collapseWhitespace(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::collapse_whitespace($this->str);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains $needle, false otherwise. By default
     * the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive by setting
     * $caseSensitive to false.
     *
     * @param string $needle        <p>Substring to look for.</p>
     * @param bool   $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains $needle.</p>
     */
    public function contains(string $needle, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
    {
        return UTF8::str_contains(
            $this->str,
            $needle,
            $caseSensitive,
            $this->encoding
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains all $needles, false otherwise. By
     * default the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive by
     * setting $caseSensitive to false.
     *
     * @param array $needles       <p>SubStrings to look for.</p>
     * @param bool  $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains $needle.</p>
     */
    public function containsAll(array $needles, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
    {
        return UTF8::str_contains_all(
            $this->str,
            $needles,
            $caseSensitive,
            $this->encoding
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains any $needles, false otherwise. By
     * default the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive by
     * setting $caseSensitive to false.
     *
     * @param array $needles       <p>SubStrings to look for.</p>
     * @param bool  $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains $needle.</p>
     */
    public function containsAny(array $needles, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
    {
        return UTF8::str_contains_any(
            $this->str,
            $needles,
            $caseSensitive,
            $this->encoding
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns the length of the string, implementing the countable interface.
     *
     * @return int <p>The number of characters in the string, given the encoding.</p>
     */
    public function count(): int
    {
        return $this->length();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of occurrences of $substring in the given string.
     * By default, the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive
     * by setting $caseSensitive to false.
     *
     * @param string $substring     <p>The substring to search for.</p>
     * @param bool   $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return false|int <p>This functions returns an integer or false if there isn't a string.</p>
     */
    public function countSubstr(string $substring, bool $caseSensitive = true)
    {
        return UTF8::substr_count_simple(
            $this->str,
            $substring,
            $caseSensitive,
            $this->encoding
        );
    }

    /**
     * Creates a Stringy object and assigns both str and encoding properties
     * the supplied values. $str is cast to a string prior to assignment, and if
     * $encoding is not specified, it defaults to mb_internal_encoding(). It
     * then returns the initialized object. Throws an InvalidArgumentException
     * if the first argument is an array or object without a __toString method.
     *
     * @param mixed  $str      [optional] <p>Value to modify, after being cast to string. Default: ''</p>
     * @param string $encoding [optional] <p>The character encoding. Fallback: 'UTF-8'</p>
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException <p>if an array or object without a
     *                                   __toString method is passed as the first argument</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>A Stringy object.</p>
     */
    public static function create($str = '', string $encoding = null): self
    {
        if ($encoding && $encoding !== 'UTF-8') {
''   == false // true
''   == null  // true
'ab' == false // false
'ab' == null  // false

// It is often better to use strict comparison
'' === false // false
'' === null  // false
            $encoding = UTF8::normalize_encoding($encoding);
        } else {
            $encoding = 'UTF-8';
        }

        return new static($str, $encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a lowercase and trimmed string separated by dashes. Dashes are
     * inserted before uppercase characters (with the exception of the first
     * character of the string), and in place of spaces as well as underscores.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a dasherized $str</p>
     */
    public function dasherize(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_dasherize($this->str);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a lowercase and trimmed string separated by the given delimiter.
     * Delimiters are inserted before uppercase characters (with the exception
     * of the first character of the string), and in place of spaces, dashes,
     * and underscores. Alpha delimiters are not converted to lowercase.
     *
     * @param string $delimiter <p>Sequence used to separate parts of the string.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a delimited $str.</p>
     */
    public function delimit(string $delimiter): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_delimit($this->str, $delimiter);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string ends with $substring, false otherwise. By
     * default, the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive
     * by setting $caseSensitive to false.
     *
     * @param string $substring     <p>The substring to look for.</p>
     * @param bool   $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str ends with $substring.</p>
     */
    public function endsWith(string $substring, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
    {
        if ($caseSensitive) {
            return UTF8::str_ends_with($this->str, $substring);
        }

        return UTF8::str_iends_with($this->str, $substring);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string ends with any of $substrings, false otherwise.
     * By default, the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive
     * by setting $caseSensitive to false.
     *
     * @param string[] $substrings    <p>Substrings to look for.</p>
     * @param bool     $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str ends with $substring.</p>
     */
    public function endsWithAny(array $substrings, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
    {
        if ($caseSensitive) {
            return UTF8::str_ends_with_any($this->str, $substrings);
        }

        return UTF8::str_iends_with_any($this->str, $substrings);
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that the string begins with $substring. If it doesn't, it's
     * prepended.
     *
     * @param string $substring <p>The substring to add if not present.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with its $str prefixed by the $substring.</p>
     */
    public function ensureLeft(string $substring): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_ensure_left($this->str, $substring);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that the string ends with $substring. If it doesn't, it's appended.
     *
     * @param string $substring <p>The substring to add if not present.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with its $str suffixed by the $substring.</p>
     */
    public function ensureRight(string $substring): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_ensure_right($this->str, $substring);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Create a escape html version of the string via "UTF8::htmlspecialchars()".
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function escape(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::htmlspecialchars(
            $this->str,
            \ENT_QUOTES | \ENT_SUBSTITUTE,
            $this->encoding
        );

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Create an extract from a sentence, so if the search-string was found, it try to centered in the output.
     *
     * @param string   $search
     * @param int|null $length                 [optional] <p>Default: null === text->length / 2</p>
     * @param string   $replacerForSkippedText [optional] <p>Default: …</p>
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function extractText(string $search = '', int $length = null, string $replacerForSkippedText = '…'): self
    {
        $extract = UTF8::extract_text(
            $this->str,
            $search,
            $length,
            $replacerForSkippedText,
            $this->encoding
        );

        return static::create($extract, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the first $n characters of the string.
     *
     * @param int $n <p>Number of characters to retrieve from the start.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the first $n chars.</p>
     */
    public function first(int $n): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::first_char($this->str, $n);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the encoding used by the Stringy object.
     *
     * @return string <p>The current value of the $encoding property.</p>
     */
    public function getEncoding(): string
    {
        return $this->encoding;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new ArrayIterator, thus implementing the IteratorAggregate
     * interface. The ArrayIterator's constructor is passed an array of chars
     * in the multibyte string. This enables the use of foreach with instances
     * of Stringy\Stringy.
     *
     * @return \ArrayIterator <p>An iterator for the characters in the string.</p>
     */
    public function getIterator(): \ArrayIterator
    {
        return new \ArrayIterator($this->chars());
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains a lower case char, false otherwise.
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not the string contains a lower case character.</p>
     */
    public function hasLowerCase(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::has_lowercase($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains an upper case char, false otherwise.
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not the string contains an upper case character.</p>
     */
    public function hasUpperCase(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::has_uppercase($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Convert all HTML entities to their applicable characters.
     *
     * @param int $flags [optional] <p>
     *                   A bitmask of one or more of the following flags, which specify how to handle quotes and
     *                   which document type to use. The default is ENT_COMPAT.
     *                   <table>
     *                   Available <i>flags</i> constants
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td>Constant Name</td>
     *                   <td>Description</td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_COMPAT</b></td>
     *                   <td>Will convert double-quotes and leave single-quotes alone.</td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_QUOTES</b></td>
     *                   <td>Will convert both double and single quotes.</td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_NOQUOTES</b></td>
     *                   <td>Will leave both double and single quotes unconverted.</td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_HTML401</b></td>
     *                   <td>
     *                   Handle code as HTML 4.01.
     *                   </td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_XML1</b></td>
     *                   <td>
     *                   Handle code as XML 1.
     *                   </td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_XHTML</b></td>
     *                   <td>
     *                   Handle code as XHTML.
     *                   </td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_HTML5</b></td>
     *                   <td>
     *                   Handle code as HTML 5.
     *                   </td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   </table>
     *                   </p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after being html decoded.</p>
     */
    public function htmlDecode(int $flags = \ENT_COMPAT): self

    {
        $str = UTF8::html_entity_decode(
            $this->str,
            $flags,
            $this->encoding
        );

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Convert all applicable characters to HTML entities.
     *
     * @param int $flags [optional] <p>
     *                   A bitmask of one or more of the following flags, which specify how to handle quotes and
     *                   which document type to use. The default is ENT_COMPAT.
     *                   <table>
     *                   Available <i>flags</i> constants
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td>Constant Name</td>
     *                   <td>Description</td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_COMPAT</b></td>
     *                   <td>Will convert double-quotes and leave single-quotes alone.</td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_QUOTES</b></td>
     *                   <td>Will convert both double and single quotes.</td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_NOQUOTES</b></td>
     *                   <td>Will leave both double and single quotes unconverted.</td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_HTML401</b></td>
     *                   <td>
     *                   Handle code as HTML 4.01.
     *                   </td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_XML1</b></td>
     *                   <td>
     *                   Handle code as XML 1.
     *                   </td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_XHTML</b></td>
     *                   <td>
     *                   Handle code as XHTML.
     *                   </td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   <tr valign="top">
     *                   <td><b>ENT_HTML5</b></td>
     *                   <td>
     *                   Handle code as HTML 5.
     *                   </td>
     *                   </tr>
     *                   </table>
     *                   </p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after being html encoded.</p>
     */
    public function htmlEncode(int $flags = \ENT_COMPAT): self

    {
        $str = UTF8::htmlentities(
            $this->str,
            $flags,
            $this->encoding
        );

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Capitalizes the first word of the string, replaces underscores with
     * spaces, and strips '_id'.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a humanized $str.</p>
     */
    public function humanize(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_humanize($this->str);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index of the first occurrence of $needle in the string,
     * and false if not found. Accepts an optional offset from which to begin
     * the search.
     *
     * @param string $needle <p>Substring to look for.</p>
     * @param int    $offset [optional] <p>Offset from which to search. Default: 0</p>
     *
     * @return false|int <p>The occurrence's <strong>index</strong> if found, otherwise <strong>false</strong>.</p>
     */
    public function indexOf(string $needle, int $offset = 0)
    {
        return UTF8::strpos(
            $this->str,
            $needle,
            $offset,
            $this->encoding
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index of the first occurrence of $needle in the string,
     * and false if not found. Accepts an optional offset from which to begin
     * the search.
     *
     * @param string $needle <p>Substring to look for.</p>
     * @param int    $offset [optional] <p>Offset from which to search. Default: 0</p>
     *
     * @return false|int <p>The occurrence's <strong>index</strong> if found, otherwise <strong>false</strong>.</p>
     */
    public function indexOfIgnoreCase(string $needle, int $offset = 0)
    {
        return UTF8::stripos(
            $this->str,
            $needle,
            $offset,
            $this->encoding
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index of the last occurrence of $needle in the string,
     * and false if not found. Accepts an optional offset from which to begin
     * the search. Offsets may be negative to count from the last character
     * in the string.
     *
     * @param string $needle <p>Substring to look for.</p>
     * @param int    $offset [optional] <p>Offset from which to search. Default: 0</p>
     *
     * @return false|int <p>The last occurrence's <strong>index</strong> if found, otherwise <strong>false</strong>.</p>
     */
    public function indexOfLast(string $needle, int $offset = 0)
    {
        return UTF8::strrpos(
            $this->str,
            $needle,
            $offset,
            $this->encoding
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index of the last occurrence of $needle in the string,
     * and false if not found. Accepts an optional offset from which to begin
     * the search. Offsets may be negative to count from the last character
     * in the string.
     *
     * @param string $needle <p>Substring to look for.</p>
     * @param int    $offset [optional] <p>Offset from which to search. Default: 0</p>
     *
     * @return false|int <p>The last occurrence's <strong>index</strong> if found, otherwise <strong>false</strong>.</p>
     */
    public function indexOfLastIgnoreCase(string $needle, int $offset = 0)
    {
        return UTF8::strripos(
            $this->str,
            $needle,
            $offset,
            $this->encoding
        );
    }

    /**
     * Inserts $substring into the string at the $index provided.
     *
     * @param string $substring <p>String to be inserted.</p>
     * @param int    $index     <p>The index at which to insert the substring.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the insertion.</p>
     */
    public function insert(string $substring, int $index): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_insert(
            $this->str,
            $substring,
            $index,
            $this->encoding
        );

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains the $pattern, otherwise false.
     *
     * WARNING: Asterisks ("*") are translated into (".*") zero-or-more regular
     * expression wildcards.
     *
     * @credit Originally from Laravel, thanks Taylor.
     *
     * @param string $pattern <p>The string or pattern to match against.</p>
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not we match the provided pattern.</p>
     */
    public function is(string $pattern): bool
    {
        if ($this->toString() === $pattern) {
            return true;
        }

        $quotedPattern = \preg_quote($pattern, '/');
        $replaceWildCards = \str_replace('\*', '.*', $quotedPattern);

        return $this->matchesPattern('^' . $replaceWildCards . '\z');
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains only alphabetic chars, false otherwise.
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only alphabetic chars.</p>
     */
    public function isAlpha(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::is_alpha($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains only alphabetic and numeric chars, false otherwise.
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only alphanumeric chars.</p>
     */
    public function isAlphanumeric(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::is_alphanumeric($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string is base64 encoded, false otherwise.
     *
     * @param bool $emptyStringIsValid
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str is base64 encoded.</p>
     */
    public function isBase64($emptyStringIsValid = true): bool
    {
        return UTF8::is_base64($this->str, $emptyStringIsValid);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains only whitespace chars, false otherwise.
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only whitespace characters.</p>
     */
    public function isBlank(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::is_blank($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains a valid E-Mail address, false otherwise.
     *
     * @param bool $useExampleDomainCheck   [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
     * @param bool $useTypoInDomainCheck    [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
     * @param bool $useTemporaryDomainCheck [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
     * @param bool $useDnsCheck             [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains a valid E-Mail address.</p>
     */
    public function isEmail(bool $useExampleDomainCheck = false, bool $useTypoInDomainCheck = false, bool $useTemporaryDomainCheck = false, bool $useDnsCheck = false): bool
    {
        return EmailCheck::isValid($this->str, $useExampleDomainCheck, $useTypoInDomainCheck, $useTemporaryDomainCheck, $useDnsCheck);
    }

    /**
     * Determine whether the string is considered to be empty.
     *
     * A variable is considered empty if it does not exist or if its value equals FALSE.
     * empty() does not generate a warning if the variable does not exist.
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str is empty().</p>
     */
    public function isEmpty(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::is_empty($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains only hexadecimal chars, false otherwise.
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only hexadecimal chars.</p>
     */
    public function isHexadecimal(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::is_hexadecimal($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains HTML-Tags, false otherwise.
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains HTML-Tags.</p>
     */
    public function isHtml(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::is_html($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string is JSON, false otherwise. Unlike json_decode
     * in PHP 5.x, this method is consistent with PHP 7 and other JSON parsers,
     * in that an empty string is not considered valid JSON.
     *
     * @param bool $onlyArrayOrObjectResultsAreValid
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str is JSON.</p>
     */
    public function isJson($onlyArrayOrObjectResultsAreValid = false): bool
    {
        return UTF8::is_json($this->str, $onlyArrayOrObjectResultsAreValid);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains only lower case chars, false otherwise.
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only lower case characters.</p>
     */
    public function isLowerCase(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::is_lowercase($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string is serialized, false otherwise.
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str is serialized.</p>
     */
    public function isSerialized(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::is_serialized($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string contains only lower case chars, false
     * otherwise.
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str contains only lower case characters.</p>
     */
    public function isUpperCase(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::is_uppercase($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the last $n characters of the string.
     *
     * @param int $n <p>Number of characters to retrieve from the end.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the last $n chars.</p>
     */
    public function last(int $n): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_last_char(
            $this->str,
            $n,
            $this->encoding
        );

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring after (or before via "$beforeNeedle") the last occurrence of the "$needle".
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $needle       <p>The string to look for.</p>
     * @param bool   $beforeNeedle [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function lastSubstringOf(string $needle, bool $beforeNeedle = false): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_substr_last($this->str, $needle, $beforeNeedle, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring after (or before via "$beforeNeedle") the last occurrence of the "$needle".
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $needle       <p>The string to look for.</p>
     * @param bool   $beforeNeedle [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function lastSubstringOfIgnoreCase(string $needle, bool $beforeNeedle = false): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_isubstr_last($this->str, $needle, $beforeNeedle, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the length of the string.
     *
     * @return int <p>The number of characters in $str given the encoding.</p>
     */
    public function length(): int
    {
        return UTF8::strlen($this->str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Line-Wrap the string after $limit, but also after the next word.
     *
     * @param int $limit
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function lineWrapAfterWord(int $limit): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::wordwrap_per_line($this->str, $limit);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Splits on newlines and carriage returns, returning an array of Stringy
     * objects corresponding to the lines in the string.
     *
     * @return static[] <p>An array of Stringy objects.</p>
     */
    public function lines(): array
    {
        $array = UTF8::str_to_lines($this->str);

        foreach ($array as $i => &$value) {
            $value = static::create($value, $this->encoding);
        }

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the longest common prefix between the string and $otherStr.
     *
     * @param string $otherStr <p>Second string for comparison.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the longest common prefix.</p>
     */
    public function longestCommonPrefix(string $otherStr): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_longest_common_prefix(
            $this->str,
            $otherStr,
            $this->encoding
        );

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the longest common substring between the string and $otherStr.
     * In the case of ties, it returns that which occurs first.
     *
     * @param string $otherStr <p>Second string for comparison.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the longest common substring.</p>
     */
    public function longestCommonSubstring(string $otherStr): self
    {
        $longestCommonSubstring = UTF8::str_longest_common_substring(
            $this->str,
            $otherStr,
            $this->encoding
        );

        return static::create($longestCommonSubstring, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the longest common suffix between the string and $otherStr.
     *
     * @param string $otherStr <p>Second string for comparison.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the longest common suffix.</p>
     */
    public function longestCommonSuffix(string $otherStr): self
    {
        $longestCommonSuffix = UTF8::str_longest_common_suffix(
            $this->str,
            $otherStr,
            $this->encoding
        );

        return static::create($longestCommonSuffix, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the first character of the string to lower case.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the first character of $str being lower case.</p>
     */
    public function lowerCaseFirst(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::lcfirst($this->str, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether or not a character exists at an index. Offsets may be
     * negative to count from the last character in the string. Implements
     * part of the ArrayAccess interface.
     *
     * @param int $offset <p>The index to check.</p>
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not the index exists.</p>
     */
    public function offsetExists($offset): bool
    {
        return UTF8::str_offset_exists(
            $this->str,
            $offset,
            $this->encoding
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns the character at the given index. Offsets may be negative to
     * count from the last character in the string. Implements part of the
     * ArrayAccess interface, and throws an OutOfBoundsException if the index
     * does not exist.
     *
     * @param int $offset <p>The <strong>index</strong> from which to retrieve the char.</p>
     *
     * @throws \OutOfBoundsException <p>If the positive or negative offset does not exist.</p>
     *
     * @return string <p>The character at the specified index.</p>
     */
    public function offsetGet($offset): string
    {
        return UTF8::str_offset_get($this->str, $offset, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Implements part of the ArrayAccess interface, but throws an exception
     * when called. This maintains the immutability of Stringy objects.
     *
     * @param int   $offset <p>The index of the character.</p>
     * @param mixed $value  <p>Value to set.</p>
     *
     * @throws \Exception <p>When called.</p>
     */
    public function offsetSet($offset, $value)
    {
        // Stringy is immutable, cannot directly set char
        /** @noinspection ThrowRawExceptionInspection */
        throw new \Exception('Stringy object is immutable, cannot modify char');
    }

    /**
     * Implements part of the ArrayAccess interface, but throws an exception
     * when called. This maintains the immutability of Stringy objects.
     *
     * @param int $offset <p>The index of the character.</p>
     *
     * @throws \Exception <p>When called.</p>
     */
    public function offsetUnset($offset)
    {
        // Don't allow directly modifying the string
        /** @noinspection ThrowRawExceptionInspection */
        throw new \Exception('Stringy object is immutable, cannot unset char');
    }

    /**
     * Pads the string to a given length with $padStr. If length is less than
     * or equal to the length of the string, no padding takes places. The
     * default string used for padding is a space, and the default type (one of
     * 'left', 'right', 'both') is 'right'. Throws an InvalidArgumentException
     * if $padType isn't one of those 3 values.
     *
     * @param int    $length  <p>Desired string length after padding.</p>
     * @param string $padStr  [optional] <p>String used to pad, defaults to space. Default: ' '</p>
     * @param string $padType [optional] <p>One of 'left', 'right', 'both'. Default: 'right'</p>
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException <p>If $padType isn't one of 'right', 'left' or 'both'.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a padded $str.</p>
     */
    public function pad(int $length, string $padStr = ' ', string $padType = 'right'): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_pad(
                $this->str,
                $length,
                $padStr,
                $padType,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string of a given length such that both sides of the
     * string are padded. Alias for pad() with a $padType of 'both'.
     *
     * @param int    $length <p>Desired string length after padding.</p>
     * @param string $padStr [optional] <p>String used to pad, defaults to space. Default: ' '</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>String with padding applied.</p>
     */
    public function padBoth(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_pad_both(
                $this->str,
                $length,
                $padStr,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string of a given length such that the beginning of the
     * string is padded. Alias for pad() with a $padType of 'left'.
     *
     * @param int    $length <p>Desired string length after padding.</p>
     * @param string $padStr [optional] <p>String used to pad, defaults to space. Default: ' '</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>String with left padding.</p>
     */
    public function padLeft(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_pad_left(
                $this->str,
                $length,
                $padStr,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string of a given length such that the end of the string
     * is padded. Alias for pad() with a $padType of 'right'.
     *
     * @param int    $length <p>Desired string length after padding.</p>
     * @param string $padStr [optional] <p>String used to pad, defaults to space. Default: ' '</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>String with right padding.</p>
     */
    public function padRight(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): self
    {
        return static::create(
            UTF8::str_pad_right(
                $this->str,
                $length,
                $padStr,
                $this->encoding
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string starting with $string.
     *
     * @param string $string <p>The string to append.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with appended $string.</p>
     */
    public function prepend(string $string): self
    {
        return static::create($string . $this->str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces all occurrences of $pattern in $str by $replacement.
     *
     * @param string $pattern     <p>The regular expression pattern.</p>
     * @param string $replacement <p>The string to replace with.</p>
     * @param string $options     [optional] <p>Matching conditions to be used.</p>
     * @param string $delimiter   [optional] <p>Delimiter the the regex. Default: '/'</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the result2ing $str after the replacements.</p>
     */
    public function regexReplace(string $pattern, string $replacement, string $options = '', string $delimiter = '/'): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::regex_replace(
            $this->str,
            $pattern,
            $replacement,
            $options,
            $delimiter
        );

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Remove html via "strip_tags()" from the string.
     *
     * @param string $allowableTags [optional] <p>You can use the optional second parameter to specify tags which should
     *                              not be stripped. Default: null
     *                              </p>
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function removeHtml(string $allowableTags = null): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::remove_html($this->str, $allowableTags . '');

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Remove all breaks [<br> | \r\n | \r | \n | ...] from the string.
     *
     * @param string $replacement [optional] <p>Default is a empty string.</p>
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function removeHtmlBreak(string $replacement = ''): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::remove_html_breaks($this->str, $replacement);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string with the prefix $substring removed, if present.
     *
     * @param string $substring <p>The prefix to remove.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object having a $str without the prefix $substring.</p>
     */
    public function removeLeft(string $substring): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::remove_left($this->str, $substring, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new string with the suffix $substring removed, if present.
     *
     * @param string $substring <p>The suffix to remove.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object having a $str without the suffix $substring.</p>
     */
    public function removeRight(string $substring): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::remove_right($this->str, $substring, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Try to remove all XSS-attacks from the string.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function removeXss(): self
    {
        static $antiXss = null;

        if ($antiXss === null) {
            $antiXss = new AntiXSS();
        }

        $str = $antiXss->xss_clean($this->str);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a repeated string given a multiplier.
     *
     * @param int $multiplier <p>The number of times to repeat the string.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a repeated str.</p>
     */
    public function repeat(int $multiplier): self
    {
        $repeated = UTF8::str_repeat($this->str, $multiplier);

        return static::create($repeated, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces all occurrences of $search in $str by $replacement.
     *
     * @param string $search        <p>The needle to search for.</p>
     * @param string $replacement   <p>The string to replace with.</p>
     * @param bool   $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
     */
    public function replace(string $search, string $replacement, bool $caseSensitive = true): self
    {
        if ($search === '' && $replacement === '') {
            return static::create($this->str, $this->encoding);
        }

        if ($this->str === '' && $search === '') {
            return static::create($replacement, $this->encoding);
        }

        if ($caseSensitive) {

            $return = UTF8::str_replace($search, $replacement, $this->str);
        } else {
            $return = UTF8::str_ireplace($search, $replacement, $this->str);
        }

        return static::create($return, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces all occurrences of $search in $str by $replacement.
     *
     * @param array        $search        <p>The elements to search for.</p>
     * @param array|string $replacement   <p>The string to replace with.</p>
     * @param bool         $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
     */
    public function replaceAll(array $search, $replacement, bool $caseSensitive = true): self
    {
        if ($caseSensitive) {

            $return = UTF8::str_replace($search, $replacement, $this->str);
        } else {
            $return = UTF8::str_ireplace($search, $replacement, $this->str);
        }

        return static::create($return, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces first occurrences of $search from the beginning of string with $replacement.
     *
     * @param string $search      <p>The string to search for.</p>
     * @param string $replacement <p>The replacement.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
     */
    public function replaceFirst(string $search, string $replacement): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_replace_first($search, $replacement, $this->str);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces last occurrences of $search from the ending of string with $replacement.
     *
     * @param string $search      <p>The string to search for.</p>
     * @param string $replacement <p>The replacement.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
     */
    public function replaceLast(string $search, string $replacement): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_replace_last($search, $replacement, $this->str);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces all occurrences of $search from the beginning of string with $replacement.
     *
     * @param string $search      <p>The string to search for.</p>
     * @param string $replacement <p>The replacement.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
     */
    public function replaceBeginning(string $search, string $replacement): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_replace_beginning($this->str, $search, $replacement);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces all occurrences of $search from the ending of string with $replacement.
     *
     * @param string $search      <p>The string to search for.</p>
     * @param string $replacement <p>The replacement.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after the replacements.</p>
     */
    public function replaceEnding(string $search, string $replacement): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_replace_ending($this->str, $search, $replacement);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a reversed string. A multibyte version of strrev().
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a reversed $str.</p>
     */
    public function reverse(): self
    {
        $reversed = UTF8::strrev($this->str);

        return static::create($reversed, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Truncates the string to a given length, while ensuring that it does not
     * split words. If $substring is provided, and truncating occurs, the
     * string is further truncated so that the substring may be appended without
     * exceeding the desired length.
     *
     * @param int    $length    <p>Desired length of the truncated string.</p>
     * @param string $substring [optional] <p>The substring to append if it can fit. Default: ''</p>
     * @param bool   $ignoreDoNotSplitWordsForOneWord
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after truncating.</p>
     */
    public function safeTruncate(int $length, string $substring = '', bool $ignoreDoNotSplitWordsForOneWord = true): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_truncate_safe(
            $this->str,
            $length,
            $substring,
            $this->encoding,
            $ignoreDoNotSplitWordsForOneWord
        );

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Shorten the string after $length, but also after the next word.
     *
     * @param int    $length
     * @param string $strAddOn [optional] <p>Default: '…'</p>
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function shortenAfterWord(int $length, string $strAddOn = '…'): self
    {
        $string = UTF8::str_limit_after_word($this->str, $length, $strAddOn);

        return static::create($string, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * A multibyte string shuffle function. It returns a string with its
     * characters in random order.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a shuffled $str.</p>
     */
    public function shuffle(): self
    {
        $shuffledStr = UTF8::str_shuffle($this->str);

        return static::create($shuffledStr, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the substring beginning at $start, and up to, but not including
     * the index specified by $end. If $end is omitted, the function extracts
     * the remaining string. If $end is negative, it is computed from the end
     * of the string.
     *
     * @param int $start <p>Initial index from which to begin extraction.</p>
     * @param int $end   [optional] <p>Index at which to end extraction. Default: null</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the extracted substring.</p>
     */
    public function slice(int $start, int $end = null): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_slice($this->str, $start, $end, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the string into an URL slug. This includes replacing non-ASCII
     * characters with their closest ASCII equivalents, removing remaining
     * non-ASCII and non-alphanumeric characters, and replacing whitespace with
     * $replacement. The replacement defaults to a single dash, and the string
     * is also converted to lowercase. The language of the source string can
     * also be supplied for language-specific transliteration.
     *
     * @param  string $replacement The string used to replace whitespace
     * @param  string $language    Language of the source string
     *
     * @return static Object whose $str has been converted to an URL slug
     */
    public function slugify(string $replacement = '-', string $language = 'en'): self
    {
        $stringy = $this->toAscii($language);
        $stringy->str = \str_replace('@', $replacement, $stringy);
        $quotedReplacement = \preg_quote($replacement, '/');
        $pattern = "/[^a-zA-Z\d\s\-_$quotedReplacement]/u";
        $stringy->str = \preg_replace($pattern, '', $stringy);
class Id
{
    public $id;

    public function __construct($id)
    {
        $this->id = $id;
    }

}

class Account
{
    /** @var  Id $id */
    public $id;
}

$account_id = false;

if (starsAreRight()) {
    $account_id = new Id(42);
}

$account = new Account();
if ($account instanceof Id)
{
    $account->id = $account_id;
}

        return $stringy->toLowerCase()->delimit($replacement)
                       ->removeLeft($replacement)->removeRight($replacement);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the string into an URL slug. This includes replacing non-ASCII
     * characters with their closest ASCII equivalents, removing remaining
     * non-ASCII and non-alphanumeric characters, and replacing whitespace with
     * $replacement. The replacement defaults to a single dash, and the string
     * is also converted to lowercase.
     *
     * @param string $replacement [optional] <p>The string used to replace whitespace. Default: '-'</p>
     * @param string $language    [optional] <p>The language for the url. Default: 'de'</p>
     * @param bool   $strToLower  [optional] <p>string to lower. Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object whose $str has been converted to an URL slug.</p>
     */
    public function urlify(string $replacement = '-', string $language = 'de', bool $strToLower = true): self
    {
        $slug = URLify::slug($this->str, $language, $replacement, $strToLower);

        return static::create($slug, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Convert a string to e.g.: "snake_case"
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with $str in snake_case.</p>
     */
    public function snakeize(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_snakeize($this->str, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Splits the string with the provided regular expression, returning an
     * array of Stringy objects. An optional integer $limit will truncate the
     * results.
     *
     * @param string $pattern <p>The regex with which to split the string.</p>
     * @param int    $limit   [optional] <p>Maximum number of results to return. Default: -1 === no limit</p>
     *
     * @return static[] <p>An array of Stringy objects.</p>
     */
    public function split(string $pattern, int $limit = null): array
    {
        if ($limit === null) {
            $limit = -1;
        }

        $array = UTF8::str_split_pattern($this->str, $pattern, $limit);
        foreach ($array as $i => &$value) {
            $value = static::create($value, $this->encoding);
        }

        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string begins with $substring, false otherwise. By
     * default, the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive
     * by setting $caseSensitive to false.
     *
     * @param string $substring     <p>The substring to look for.</p>
     * @param bool   $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str starts with $substring.</p>
     */
    public function startsWith(string $substring, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
    {
        if ($caseSensitive) {
            return UTF8::str_starts_with($this->str, $substring);
        }

        return UTF8::str_istarts_with($this->str, $substring);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string begins with any of $substrings, false otherwise.
     * By default the comparison is case-sensitive, but can be made insensitive by
     * setting $caseSensitive to false.
     *
     * @param array $substrings    <p>Substrings to look for.</p>
     * @param bool  $caseSensitive [optional] <p>Whether or not to enforce case-sensitivity. Default: true</p>
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str starts with $substring.</p>
     */
    public function startsWithAny(array $substrings, bool $caseSensitive = true): bool
    {
        if ($caseSensitive) {
            return UTF8::str_starts_with_any($this->str, $substrings);
        }

        return UTF8::str_istarts_with_any($this->str, $substrings);
    }

    /**
     * Strip all whitespace characters. This includes tabs and newline characters,
     * as well as multibyte whitespace such as the thin space and ideographic space.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function stripWhitespace(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::strip_whitespace($this->str);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Remove css media-queries.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function stripeCssMediaQueries(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::css_stripe_media_queries($this->str);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Remove empty html-tag.
     *
     * e.g.: <tag></tag>
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function stripeEmptyHtmlTags(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::html_stripe_empty_tags($this->str);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the substring beginning at $start with the specified $length.
     * It differs from the UTF8::substr() function in that providing a $length of
     * null will return the rest of the string, rather than an empty string.
     *
     * @param int $start  <p>Position of the first character to use.</p>
     * @param int $length [optional] <p>Maximum number of characters used. Default: null</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with its $str being the substring.</p>
     */
    public function substr(int $start, int $length = null): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::substr(
            $this->str,
            $start,
            $length,
            $this->encoding
        );

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring after (or before via "$beforeNeedle") the first occurrence of the "$needle".
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $needle       <p>The string to look for.</p>
     * @param bool   $beforeNeedle [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function substringOf(string $needle, bool $beforeNeedle = false): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_substr_first($this->str, $needle, $beforeNeedle, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the substring after (or before via "$beforeNeedle") the first occurrence of the "$needle".
     * If no match is found returns new empty Stringy object.
     *
     * @param string $needle       <p>The string to look for.</p>
     * @param bool   $beforeNeedle [optional] <p>Default: false</p>
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function substringOfIgnoreCase(string $needle, bool $beforeNeedle = false): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_isubstr_first($this->str, $needle, $beforeNeedle, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Surrounds $str with the given substring.
     *
     * @param string $substring <p>The substring to add to both sides.</P>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object whose $str had the substring both prepended and appended.</p>
     */
    public function surround(string $substring): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_surround($this->str, $substring);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a case swapped version of the string.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object whose $str has each character's case swapped.</P>
     */
    public function swapCase(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::swapCase($this->str, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string with smart quotes, ellipsis characters, and dashes from
     * Windows-1252 (commonly used in Word documents) replaced by their ASCII
     * equivalents.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object whose $str has those characters removed.</p>
     */
    public function tidy(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::normalize_msword($this->str);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a trimmed string with the first letter of each word capitalized.
     * Also accepts an array, $ignore, allowing you to list words not to be
     * capitalized.
     *
     * @param array|null $ignore [optional] <p>An array of words not to capitalize or null. Default: null</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a titleized $str.</p>
     */
    public function titleize(array $ignore = null): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_titleize($this->str, $ignore, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a trimmed string in proper title case.
     *
     * Also accepts an array, $ignore, allowing you to list words not to be
     * capitalized.
     *
     * Adapted from John Gruber's script.
     *
     * @see https://gist.github.com/gruber/9f9e8650d68b13ce4d78
     *
     * @param array $ignore <p>An array of words not to capitalize.</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a titleized $str</p>
     */
    public function titleizeForHumans(array $ignore = []): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_titleize_for_humans($this->str, $ignore, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an ASCII version of the string. A set of non-ASCII characters are
     * replaced with their closest ASCII counterparts, and the rest are removed
     * unless instructed otherwise.
     *
     * @param bool $strict [optional] <p>Use "transliterator_transliterate()" from PHP-Intl | WARNING: bad performance |
     *                     Default: false</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object whose $str contains only ASCII characters.</p>
     */
    public function toTransliterate(bool $strict = false): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::to_ascii($this->str, '?', $strict);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an ASCII version of the string. A set of non-ASCII characters are
     * replaced with their closest ASCII counterparts, and the rest are removed
     * by default. The language or locale of the source string can be supplied
     * for language-specific transliteration in any of the following formats:
     * en, en_GB, or en-GB. For example, passing "de" results in "äöü" mapping
     * to "aeoeue" rather than "aou" as in other languages.
     *
     * @param string $language          Language of the source string
     * @param bool   $removeUnsupported Whether or not to remove the
     *                                  unsupported characters
     *
     * @return static Object whose $str contains only ASCII characters
     */
    public function toAscii(string $language = 'en', bool $removeUnsupported = true)
    {
        // init
        $str = $this->str;

        $langSpecific = self::langSpecificCharsArray($language);
        if (!empty($langSpecific)) {
            $str = \str_replace($langSpecific[0], $langSpecific[1], $str);
        }

        foreach ($this->charsArray() as $key => $value) {
            $str = \str_replace($value, $key, $str);
        }

        if ($removeUnsupported) {
            $str = \preg_replace('/[^\x20-\x7E]/u', '', $str);
        }

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a boolean representation of the given logical string value.
     * For example, 'true', '1', 'on' and 'yes' will return true. 'false', '0',
     * 'off', and 'no' will return false. In all instances, case is ignored.
     * For other numeric strings, their sign will determine the return value.
     * In addition, blank strings consisting of only whitespace will return
     * false. For all other strings, the return value is a result of a
     * boolean cast.
     *
     * @return bool <p>A boolean value for the string.</p>
     */
    public function toBoolean(): bool
    {
        return UTF8::to_boolean($this->str);
    }

    /**
     * Converts all characters in the string to lowercase.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with all characters of $str being lowercase.</p>
     */
    public function toLowerCase(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::strtolower($this->str, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Converts each tab in the string to some number of spaces, as defined by
     * $tabLength. By default, each tab is converted to 4 consecutive spaces.
     *
     * @param int $tabLength [optional] <p>Number of spaces to replace each tab with. Default: 4</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object whose $str has had tabs switched to spaces.</p>
     */
    public function toSpaces(int $tabLength = 4): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::tabs_to_spaces($this->str, $tabLength);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Return Stringy object as string, but you can also use (string) for automatically casting the object into a
     * string.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function toString(): string
    {
        return (string) $this->str;
    }

    /**
     * Converts each occurrence of some consecutive number of spaces, as
     * defined by $tabLength, to a tab. By default, each 4 consecutive spaces
     * are converted to a tab.
     *
     * @param int $tabLength [optional] <p>Number of spaces to replace with a tab. Default: 4</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object whose $str has had spaces switched to tabs.</p>
     */
    public function toTabs(int $tabLength = 4): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::spaces_to_tabs($this->str, $tabLength);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the first character of each word in the string to uppercase
     * and all other chars to lowercase.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with all characters of $str being title-cased.</p>
     */
    public function toTitleCase(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::titlecase($this->str, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Converts all characters in the string to uppercase.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with all characters of $str being uppercase.</p>
     */
    public function toUpperCase(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::strtoupper($this->str, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string with whitespace removed from the start and end of the
     * string. Supports the removal of unicode whitespace. Accepts an optional
     * string of characters to strip instead of the defaults.
     *
     * @param string $chars [optional] <p>String of characters to strip. Default: null</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a trimmed $str.</p>
     */
    public function trim(string $chars = null): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::trim($this->str, $chars);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string with whitespace removed from the start of the string.
     * Supports the removal of unicode whitespace. Accepts an optional
     * string of characters to strip instead of the defaults.
     *
     * @param string $chars [optional] <p>Optional string of characters to strip. Default: null</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a trimmed $str.</p>
     */
    public function trimLeft(string $chars = null): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::ltrim($this->str, $chars);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string with whitespace removed from the end of the string.
     * Supports the removal of unicode whitespace. Accepts an optional
     * string of characters to strip instead of the defaults.
     *
     * @param string $chars [optional] <p>Optional string of characters to strip. Default: null</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with a trimmed $str.</p>
     */
    public function trimRight(string $chars = null): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::rtrim($this->str, $chars);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Truncates the string to a given length. If $substring is provided, and
     * truncating occurs, the string is further truncated so that the substring
     * may be appended without exceeding the desired length.
     *
     * @param int    $length    <p>Desired length of the truncated string.</p>
     * @param string $substring [optional] <p>The substring to append if it can fit. Default: ''</p>
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the resulting $str after truncating.</p>
     */
    public function truncate(int $length, string $substring = ''): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_truncate($this->str, $length, $substring, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a lowercase and trimmed string separated by underscores.
     * Underscores are inserted before uppercase characters (with the exception
     * of the first character of the string), and in place of spaces as well as
     * dashes.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with an underscored $str.</p>
     */
    public function underscored(): self
    {
        return $this->delimit('_');
    }

    /**
     * Returns an UpperCamelCase version of the supplied string. It trims
     * surrounding spaces, capitalizes letters following digits, spaces, dashes
     * and underscores, and removes spaces, dashes, underscores.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with $str in UpperCamelCase.</p>
     */
    public function upperCamelize(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::str_upper_camelize($this->str, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the first character of the supplied string to upper case.
     *
     * @return static <p>Object with the first character of $str being upper case.</p>
     */
    public function upperCaseFirst(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::ucfirst($this->str, $this->encoding);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the string into an valid UTF-8 string.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function utf8ify(): self
    {
        $str = UTF8::cleanup($this->str);

        return static::create($str, $this->encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the replacements for the toAscii() method.
     *
     * @return array an array of replacements
     */
    protected function charsArray(): array
    {
        static $charsArray;

        if (isset($charsArray)) {
            return $charsArray;
        }

        return $charsArray = [
            '0' => ['°', '₀', '۰', '０'],
            '1' => ['¹', '₁', '۱', '１'],
            '2' => ['²', '₂', '۲', '２'],
            '3' => ['³', '₃', '۳', '３'],
            '4' => ['⁴', '₄', '۴', '٤', '４'],
            '5' => ['⁵', '₅', '۵', '٥', '５'],
            '6' => ['⁶', '₆', '۶', '٦', '６'],
            '7' => ['⁷', '₇', '۷', '７'],
            '8' => ['⁸', '₈', '۸', '８'],
            '9' => ['⁹', '₉', '۹', '９'],
            'a' => ['à', 'á', 'ả', 'ã', 'ạ', 'ă', 'ắ', 'ằ', 'ẳ', 'ẵ',
                'ặ', 'â', 'ấ', 'ầ', 'ẩ', 'ẫ', 'ậ', 'ā', 'ą', 'å',
                'α', 'ά', 'ἀ', 'ἁ', 'ἂ', 'ἃ', 'ἄ', 'ἅ', 'ἆ', 'ἇ',
                'ᾀ', 'ᾁ', 'ᾂ', 'ᾃ', 'ᾄ', 'ᾅ', 'ᾆ', 'ᾇ', 'ὰ', 'ά',
                'ᾰ', 'ᾱ', 'ᾲ', 'ᾳ', 'ᾴ', 'ᾶ', 'ᾷ', 'а', 'أ', 'အ',
                'ာ', 'ါ', 'ǻ', 'ǎ', 'ª', 'ა', 'अ', 'ا', 'ａ', 'ä', ],
            'b' => ['б', 'β', 'ب', 'ဗ', 'ბ', 'ｂ'],
            'c' => ['ç', 'ć', 'č', 'ĉ', 'ċ', 'ｃ'],
            'd' => ['ď', 'ð', 'đ', 'ƌ', 'ȡ', 'ɖ', 'ɗ', 'ᵭ', 'ᶁ', 'ᶑ',
                'д', 'δ', 'د', 'ض', 'ဍ', 'ဒ', 'დ', 'ｄ', ],
            'e' => ['é', 'è', 'ẻ', 'ẽ', 'ẹ', 'ê', 'ế', 'ề', 'ể', 'ễ',
                'ệ', 'ë', 'ē', 'ę', 'ě', 'ĕ', 'ė', 'ε', 'έ', 'ἐ',
                'ἑ', 'ἒ', 'ἓ', 'ἔ', 'ἕ', 'ὲ', 'έ', 'е', 'ё', 'э',
                'є', 'ə', 'ဧ', 'ေ', 'ဲ', 'ე', 'ए', 'إ', 'ئ', 'ｅ', ],
            'f' => ['ф', 'φ', 'ف', 'ƒ', 'ფ', 'ｆ'],
            'g' => ['ĝ', 'ğ', 'ġ', 'ģ', 'г', 'ґ', 'γ', 'ဂ', 'გ', 'گ',
                'ｇ', ],
            'h' => ['ĥ', 'ħ', 'η', 'ή', 'ح', 'ه', 'ဟ', 'ှ', 'ჰ', 'ｈ'],
            'i' => ['í', 'ì', 'ỉ', 'ĩ', 'ị', 'î', 'ï', 'ī', 'ĭ', 'į',
                'ı', 'ι', 'ί', 'ϊ', 'ΐ', 'ἰ', 'ἱ', 'ἲ', 'ἳ', 'ἴ',
                'ἵ', 'ἶ', 'ἷ', 'ὶ', 'ί', 'ῐ', 'ῑ', 'ῒ', 'ΐ', 'ῖ',
                'ῗ', 'і', 'ї', 'и', 'ဣ', 'ိ', 'ီ', 'ည်', 'ǐ', 'ი',
                'इ', 'ی', 'ｉ', ],
            'j' => ['ĵ', 'ј', 'Ј', 'ჯ', 'ج', 'ｊ'],
            'k' => ['ķ', 'ĸ', 'к', 'κ', 'Ķ', 'ق', 'ك', 'က', 'კ', 'ქ',
                'ک', 'ｋ', ],
            'l' => ['ł', 'ľ', 'ĺ', 'ļ', 'ŀ', 'л', 'λ', 'ل', 'လ', 'ლ',
                'ｌ', ],
            'm' => ['м', 'μ', 'م', 'မ', 'მ', 'ｍ'],
            'n' => ['ñ', 'ń', 'ň', 'ņ', 'ŉ', 'ŋ', 'ν', 'н', 'ن', 'န',
                'ნ', 'ｎ', ],
            'o' => ['ó', 'ò', 'ỏ', 'õ', 'ọ', 'ô', 'ố', 'ồ', 'ổ', 'ỗ',
                'ộ', 'ơ', 'ớ', 'ờ', 'ở', 'ỡ', 'ợ', 'ø', 'ō', 'ő',
                'ŏ', 'ο', 'ὀ', 'ὁ', 'ὂ', 'ὃ', 'ὄ', 'ὅ', 'ὸ', 'ό',
                'о', 'و', 'θ', 'ို', 'ǒ', 'ǿ', 'º', 'ო', 'ओ', 'ｏ',
                'ö', ],
            'p' => ['п', 'π', 'ပ', 'პ', 'پ', 'ｐ'],
            'q' => ['ყ', 'ｑ'],
            'r' => ['ŕ', 'ř', 'ŗ', 'р', 'ρ', 'ر', 'რ', 'ｒ'],
            's' => ['ś', 'š', 'ş', 'с', 'σ', 'ș', 'ς', 'س', 'ص', 'စ',
                'ſ', 'ს', 'ｓ', ],
            't' => ['ť', 'ţ', 'т', 'τ', 'ț', 'ت', 'ط', 'ဋ', 'တ', 'ŧ',
                'თ', 'ტ', 'ｔ', ],
            'u' => ['ú', 'ù', 'ủ', 'ũ', 'ụ', 'ư', 'ứ', 'ừ', 'ử', 'ữ',
                'ự', 'û', 'ū', 'ů', 'ű', 'ŭ', 'ų', 'µ', 'у', 'ဉ',
                'ု', 'ူ', 'ǔ', 'ǖ', 'ǘ', 'ǚ', 'ǜ', 'უ', 'उ', 'ｕ',
                'ў', 'ü', ],
            'v' => ['в', 'ვ', 'ϐ', 'ｖ'],
            'w' => ['ŵ', 'ω', 'ώ', 'ဝ', 'ွ', 'ｗ'],
            'x' => ['χ', 'ξ', 'ｘ'],
            'y' => ['ý', 'ỳ', 'ỷ', 'ỹ', 'ỵ', 'ÿ', 'ŷ', 'й', 'ы', 'υ',
                'ϋ', 'ύ', 'ΰ', 'ي', 'ယ', 'ｙ', ],
            'z'    => ['ź', 'ž', 'ż', 'з', 'ζ', 'ز', 'ဇ', 'ზ', 'ｚ'],
            'aa'   => ['ع', 'आ', 'آ'],
            'ae'   => ['æ', 'ǽ'],
            'ai'   => ['ऐ'],
            'ch'   => ['ч', 'ჩ', 'ჭ', 'چ'],
            'dj'   => ['ђ', 'đ'],
            'dz'   => ['џ', 'ძ'],
            'ei'   => ['ऍ'],
            'gh'   => ['غ', 'ღ'],
            'ii'   => ['ई'],
            'ij'   => ['ĳ'],
            'kh'   => ['х', 'خ', 'ხ'],
            'lj'   => ['љ'],
            'nj'   => ['њ'],
            'oe'   => ['œ', 'ؤ'],
            'oi'   => ['ऑ'],
            'oii'  => ['ऒ'],
            'ps'   => ['ψ'],
            'sh'   => ['ш', 'შ', 'ش'],
            'shch' => ['щ'],
            'ss'   => ['ß'],
            'sx'   => ['ŝ'],
            'th'   => ['þ', 'ϑ', 'ث', 'ذ', 'ظ'],
            'ts'   => ['ц', 'ც', 'წ'],
            'uu'   => ['ऊ'],
            'ya'   => ['я'],
            'yu'   => ['ю'],
            'zh'   => ['ж', 'ჟ', 'ژ'],
            '(c)'  => ['©'],
            'A'    => ['Á', 'À', 'Ả', 'Ã', 'Ạ', 'Ă', 'Ắ', 'Ằ', 'Ẳ', 'Ẵ',
                'Ặ', 'Â', 'Ấ', 'Ầ', 'Ẩ', 'Ẫ', 'Ậ', 'Å', 'Ā', 'Ą',
                'Α', 'Ά', 'Ἀ', 'Ἁ', 'Ἂ', 'Ἃ', 'Ἄ', 'Ἅ', 'Ἆ', 'Ἇ',
                'ᾈ', 'ᾉ', 'ᾊ', 'ᾋ', 'ᾌ', 'ᾍ', 'ᾎ', 'ᾏ', 'Ᾰ', 'Ᾱ',
                'Ὰ', 'Ά', 'ᾼ', 'А', 'Ǻ', 'Ǎ', 'Ａ', 'Ä', ],
            'B' => ['Б', 'Β', 'ब', 'Ｂ'],
            'C' => ['Ç', 'Ć', 'Č', 'Ĉ', 'Ċ', 'Ｃ'],
            'D' => ['Ď', 'Ð', 'Đ', 'Ɖ', 'Ɗ', 'Ƌ', 'ᴅ', 'ᴆ', 'Д', 'Δ',
                'Ｄ', ],
            'E' => ['É', 'È', 'Ẻ', 'Ẽ', 'Ẹ', 'Ê', 'Ế', 'Ề', 'Ể', 'Ễ',
                'Ệ', 'Ë', 'Ē', 'Ę', 'Ě', 'Ĕ', 'Ė', 'Ε', 'Έ', 'Ἐ',
                'Ἑ', 'Ἒ', 'Ἓ', 'Ἔ', 'Ἕ', 'Έ', 'Ὲ', 'Е', 'Ё', 'Э',
                'Є', 'Ə', 'Ｅ', ],
            'F' => ['Ф', 'Φ', 'Ｆ'],
            'G' => ['Ğ', 'Ġ', 'Ģ', 'Г', 'Ґ', 'Γ', 'Ｇ'],
            'H' => ['Η', 'Ή', 'Ħ', 'Ｈ'],
            'I' => ['Í', 'Ì', 'Ỉ', 'Ĩ', 'Ị', 'Î', 'Ï', 'Ī', 'Ĭ', 'Į',
                'İ', 'Ι', 'Ί', 'Ϊ', 'Ἰ', 'Ἱ', 'Ἳ', 'Ἴ', 'Ἵ', 'Ἶ',
                'Ἷ', 'Ῐ', 'Ῑ', 'Ὶ', 'Ί', 'И', 'І', 'Ї', 'Ǐ', 'ϒ',
                'Ｉ', ],
            'J' => ['Ｊ'],
            'K' => ['К', 'Κ', 'Ｋ'],
            'L' => ['Ĺ', 'Ł', 'Л', 'Λ', 'Ļ', 'Ľ', 'Ŀ', 'ल', 'Ｌ'],
            'M' => ['М', 'Μ', 'Ｍ'],
            'N' => ['Ń', 'Ñ', 'Ň', 'Ņ', 'Ŋ', 'Н', 'Ν', 'Ｎ'],
            'O' => ['Ó', 'Ò', 'Ỏ', 'Õ', 'Ọ', 'Ô', 'Ố', 'Ồ', 'Ổ', 'Ỗ',
                'Ộ', 'Ơ', 'Ớ', 'Ờ', 'Ở', 'Ỡ', 'Ợ', 'Ø', 'Ō', 'Ő',
                'Ŏ', 'Ο', 'Ό', 'Ὀ', 'Ὁ', 'Ὂ', 'Ὃ', 'Ὄ', 'Ὅ', 'Ὸ',
                'Ό', 'О', 'Θ', 'Ө', 'Ǒ', 'Ǿ', 'Ｏ', 'Ö', ],
            'P' => ['П', 'Π', 'Ｐ'],
            'Q' => ['Ｑ'],
            'R' => ['Ř', 'Ŕ', 'Р', 'Ρ', 'Ŗ', 'Ｒ'],
            'S' => ['Ş', 'Ŝ', 'Ș', 'Š', 'Ś', 'С', 'Σ', 'Ｓ'],
            'T' => ['Ť', 'Ţ', 'Ŧ', 'Ț', 'Т', 'Τ', 'Ｔ'],
            'U' => ['Ú', 'Ù', 'Ủ', 'Ũ', 'Ụ', 'Ư', 'Ứ', 'Ừ', 'Ử', 'Ữ',
                'Ự', 'Û', 'Ū', 'Ů', 'Ű', 'Ŭ', 'Ų', 'У', 'Ǔ', 'Ǖ',
                'Ǘ', 'Ǚ', 'Ǜ', 'Ｕ', 'Ў', 'Ü', ],
            'V' => ['В', 'Ｖ'],
            'W' => ['Ω', 'Ώ', 'Ŵ', 'Ｗ'],
            'X' => ['Χ', 'Ξ', 'Ｘ'],
            'Y' => ['Ý', 'Ỳ', 'Ỷ', 'Ỹ', 'Ỵ', 'Ÿ', 'Ῠ', 'Ῡ', 'Ὺ', 'Ύ',
                'Ы', 'Й', 'Υ', 'Ϋ', 'Ŷ', 'Ｙ', ],
            'Z'    => ['Ź', 'Ž', 'Ż', 'З', 'Ζ', 'Ｚ'],
            'AE'   => ['Æ', 'Ǽ'],
            'Ch'   => ['Ч'],
            'Dj'   => ['Ђ'],
            'Dz'   => ['Џ'],
            'Gx'   => ['Ĝ'],
            'Hx'   => ['Ĥ'],
            'Ij'   => ['Ĳ'],
            'Jx'   => ['Ĵ'],
            'Kh'   => ['Х'],
            'Lj'   => ['Љ'],
            'Nj'   => ['Њ'],
            'Oe'   => ['Œ'],
            'Ps'   => ['Ψ'],
            'Sh'   => ['Ш'],
            'Shch' => ['Щ'],
            'Ss'   => ['ẞ'],
            'Th'   => ['Þ'],
            'Ts'   => ['Ц'],
            'Ya'   => ['Я'],
            'Yu'   => ['Ю'],
            'Zh'   => ['Ж'],
            ' '    => ["\xC2\xA0", "\xE2\x80\x80", "\xE2\x80\x81",
                "\xE2\x80\x82", "\xE2\x80\x83", "\xE2\x80\x84",
                "\xE2\x80\x85", "\xE2\x80\x86", "\xE2\x80\x87",
                "\xE2\x80\x88", "\xE2\x80\x89", "\xE2\x80\x8A",
                "\xE2\x80\xAF", "\xE2\x81\x9F", "\xE3\x80\x80",
                "\xEF\xBE\xA0", ],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if $str matches the supplied pattern, false otherwise.
     *
     * @param string $pattern <p>Regex pattern to match against.</p>
     *
     * @return bool <p>Whether or not $str matches the pattern.</p>
     */
    protected function matchesPattern(string $pattern): bool
    {
        return UTF8::str_matches_pattern($this->str, $pattern);
    }

    /**
     * Returns language-specific replacements for the toAscii() method.
     * For example, German will map 'ä' to 'ae', while other languages
     * will simply return 'a'.
     *
     * @param string $language Language of the source string
     *
     * @return array an array of replacements
     */
    protected static function langSpecificCharsArray(string $language = 'en'): array
    {
        $split = \preg_split('/[-_]/', $language);
        $language = \strtolower($split[0]);
        static $charsArray = [];

        if (isset($charsArray[$language])) {
            return $charsArray[$language];
        }

        $languageSpecific = [
            'de' => [
                ['ä', 'ö', 'ü', 'Ä', 'Ö', 'Ü'],
                ['ae', 'oe', 'ue', 'AE', 'OE', 'UE'],
            ],
            'bg' => [
                ['х', 'Х', 'щ', 'Щ', 'ъ', 'Ъ', 'ь', 'Ь'],
                ['h', 'H', 'sht', 'SHT', 'a', 'А', 'y', 'Y'],
            ],
        ];

        $charsArray[$language] = $languageSpecific[$language] ?? [];

        return $charsArray[$language];
    }
}

voku / Stringy

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