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<?php |
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namespace Vanderlee\Sentence; |
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/** |
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* Segments sentences. |
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* Clipping may not be perfect. |
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* Sentence count should be VERY close to the truth. |
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* |
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* Multibyte.php safe (at least for UTF-8), but rules based on germanic |
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* language structure (English, Dutch, German). Should work for most |
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* latin-alphabet languages. |
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* |
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* @author Martijn van der Lee (@vanderlee) |
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* @author @marktaw |
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*/ |
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class Sentence |
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{ |
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/** |
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* Specify this flag with the split method to trim whitespace. |
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*/ |
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const SPLIT_TRIM = 0x1; |
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/** |
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* List of characters used to terminate sentences. |
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* |
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* @var string[] |
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*/ |
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private $terminals = ['.', '!', '?']; |
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/** |
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* List of characters used for abbreviations. |
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* |
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* @var string[] |
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*/ |
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private $abbreviators = ['.']; |
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/** |
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* List of replacements in the text. |
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* |
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* @var string[] |
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*/ |
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private $replacements = []; |
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/** |
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* Generate an in-text replacement code for the specified index |
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* |
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* @param int $index |
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* |
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* @return string |
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*/ |
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private function getReplaceCode($index) |
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{ |
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return 0x02 . $index . 0x03; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Clean floating point numbers by replace them with an in-text index |
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* |
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* @param string $text |
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* |
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* @return string |
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*/ |
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private function replaceFloatNumbers($text) |
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{ |
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$matches = array(); |
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preg_match_all('!\d+(?:\.\d+)?!', $text, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE); |
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$this->replacements = []; |
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$index = 0; |
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foreach (array_reverse($matches[0]) as $match) { |
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$number = $match[0]; |
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$offset = $match[1]; |
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$code = $this->getReplaceCode($index); |
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$this->replacements[$index] = $number; |
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$text = (string)substr_replace($text, $code, $offset, mb_strlen($number)); |
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++$index; |
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} |
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return $text; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Restore any stored replacements |
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* |
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* @param string[] $text |
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* |
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* @return string[] |
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*/ |
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private function restoreReplacements($text) |
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{ |
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return array_map(function ($value) { |
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foreach ($this->replacements as $index => $number) { |
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$code = $this->getReplaceCode($index); |
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$value = str_replace($code, $number, $value); |
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} |
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return $value; |
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}, $text); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Breaks a piece of text into lines by linebreak. |
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* Eats up any linebreak characters as if one. |
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* |
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* Multibyte.php safe |
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* |
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* @param string $text |
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* |
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* @return string[] |
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*/ |
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private static function linebreakSplit($text) |
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{ |
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$lines = []; |
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$line = ''; |
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foreach (Multibyte::split('([\r\n]+)', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE) as $part) { |
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$line .= $part; |
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if (Multibyte::trim($part) === '') { |
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$lines[] = $line; |
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$line = ''; |
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} |
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} |
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$lines[] = $line; |
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return $lines; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Splits an array of lines by (consecutive sequences of) |
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* terminals, keeping terminals. |
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* |
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* Multibyte.php safe (at least for UTF-8) |
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* |
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* For example: |
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* "There ... is. More!" |
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* ... becomes ... |
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* [ "There ", "...", " is", ".", " More", "!" ] |
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* |
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* @param string $line |
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* |
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* @return string[] |
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*/ |
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private function punctuationSplit($line) |
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{ |
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$parts = []; |
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$chars = preg_split('//u', $line, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY); // This is UTF8 multibyte safe! |
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$is_terminal = in_array($chars[0], $this->terminals); |
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$part = ''; |
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foreach ($chars as $char) { |
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if (in_array($char, $this->terminals) !== $is_terminal) { |
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$parts[] = $part; |
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$part = ''; |
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$is_terminal = !$is_terminal; |
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} |
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$part .= $char; |
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} |
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if (!empty($part)) { |
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$parts[] = $part; |
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} |
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return $parts; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Appends each terminal item after it's preceding |
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* non-terminals. |
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* |
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* Multibyte.php safe (at least for UTF-8) |
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* |
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* For example: |
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* [ "There ", "...", " is", ".", " More", "!" ] |
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* ... becomes ... |
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* [ "There ... is.", "More!" ] |
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* |
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* @param string[] $punctuations |
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* |
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* @return string[] |
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*/ |
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private function punctuationMerge($punctuations) |
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{ |
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$definite_terminals = array_diff($this->terminals, $this->abbreviators); |
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$merges = []; |
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$merge = ''; |
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$filtered = array_filter($punctuations, function ($p) { |
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return $p !== ''; |
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}); |
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foreach ($filtered as $punctuation) { |
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$merge .= $punctuation; |
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if (mb_strlen($punctuation) === 1 |
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&& in_array($punctuation, $this->terminals)) { |
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$merges[] = $merge; |
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$merge = ''; |
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} else { |
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foreach ($definite_terminals as $terminal) { |
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if (mb_strpos($punctuation, $terminal) !== false) { |
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$merges[] = $merge; |
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$merge = ''; |
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break; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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if (!empty($merge)) { |
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$merges[] = $merge; |
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} |
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return $merges; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Looks for capitalized abbreviations & includes them with the following fragment. |
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* |
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* For example: |
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* [ "Last week, former director of the F.B.I. James B. Comey was fired. Mr. Comey was not available for comment." ] |
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* ... becomes ... |
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* [ "Last week, former director of the F.B.I. James B. Comey was fired." ] |
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* [ "Mr. Comey was not available for comment." ] |
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* |
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* @param string[] $fragments |
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* |
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* @return string[] |
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*/ |
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private function abbreviationMerge($fragments) |
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{ |
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$return_fragment = []; |
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$previous_fragment = ''; |
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$previous_is_abbreviation = false; |
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$i = 0; |
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foreach ($fragments as $fragment) { |
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$is_abbreviation = self::isAbbreviation($fragment); |
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// merge previous fragment with this |
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if ($previous_is_abbreviation) { |
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$fragment = $previous_fragment . $fragment; |
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} |
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$return_fragment[$i] = $fragment; |
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$previous_is_abbreviation = $is_abbreviation; |
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$previous_fragment = $fragment; |
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// only increment if this isn't an abbreviation |
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if (!$is_abbreviation) { |
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$i++; |
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} |
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} |
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return $return_fragment; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Check if the last word of fragment starts with a Capital, ends in "." & has less than 3 characters. |
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* |
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* @param $fragment |
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* |
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* @return bool |
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*/ |
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private static function isAbbreviation($fragment) |
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{ |
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$words = mb_split('\s+', Multibyte::trim($fragment)); |
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$word_count = count($words); |
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$last_word = Multibyte::trim($words[$word_count - 1]); |
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$last_is_capital = preg_match('#^\p{Lu}#u', $last_word); |
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$last_is_abbreviation = mb_substr(Multibyte::trim($fragment), -1) === '.'; |
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return $last_is_capital > 0 |
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&& $last_is_abbreviation > 0 |
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&& mb_strlen($last_word) <= 3; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Merges any part starting with a closing parenthesis ')' to the previous |
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* part. |
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* |
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* @param string[] $parts |
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* |
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* @return string[] |
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*/ |
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private function parenthesesMerge($parts) |
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{ |
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$subSentences = []; |
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foreach ($parts as $part) { |
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if ($part[0] === ')' && !empty($subSentences)) { |
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$subSentences[count($subSentences) - 1] .= $part; |
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} else { |
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$subSentences[] = $part; |
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} |
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} |
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return $subSentences; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Looks for closing quotes to include them with the previous statement. |
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* "That was very interesting," he said. |
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* "That was very interesting." |
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* |
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* @param string[] $statements |
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* |
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* @return string[] |
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*/ |
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private function closeQuotesMerge($statements) |
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{ |
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$i = 0; |
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$previous_statement = ''; |
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$return = []; |
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foreach ($statements as $statement) { |
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if (self::isEndQuote($statement)) { |
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$statement = $previous_statement . $statement; |
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} else { |
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$i++; |
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} |
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$return[$i] = $statement; |
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$previous_statement = $statement; |
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} |
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return $return; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Check if the entire string is a quotation mark or quote, then space, then lowercase. |
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* |
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* @param $statement |
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* |
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* @return bool |
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*/ |
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private static function isEndQuote($statement) |
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{ |
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$trimmed = Multibyte::trim($statement); |
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$first = mb_substr($statement, 0, 1); |
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return in_array($trimmed, ['"', '\'']) |
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|| ( |
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in_array($first, ['"', '\'']) |
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&& mb_substr($statement, 1, 1) === ' ' |
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&& ctype_lower(mb_substr($statement, 2, 1)) === true |
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); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Merges items into larger sentences. |
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* Multibyte.php safe |
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* |
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* @param string[] $shorts |
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* |
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* @return string[] |
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*/ |
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private function sentenceMerge($shorts) |
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{ |
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$non_abbreviating_terminals = array_diff($this->terminals, $this->abbreviators); |
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$sentences = []; |
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$sentence = ''; |
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$has_words = false; |
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$previous_word_ending = null; |
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foreach ($shorts as $short) { |
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$word_count = count(mb_split('\s+', Multibyte::trim($short))); |
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$after_non_abbreviating_terminal = in_array($previous_word_ending, $non_abbreviating_terminals); |
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if ($after_non_abbreviating_terminal |
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|| ($has_words && $word_count > 1)) { |
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$sentences[] = $sentence; |
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$sentence = ''; |
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$has_words = false; |
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} |
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$has_words = $has_words |
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|| $word_count > 1; |
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$sentence .= $short; |
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$previous_word_ending = mb_substr($short, -1); |
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} |
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if (!empty($sentence)) { |
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|
|
$sentences[] = $sentence; |
394
|
|
|
} |
395
|
|
|
|
396
|
|
|
return $sentences; |
397
|
|
|
} |
398
|
|
|
|
399
|
|
|
/** |
400
|
|
|
* Return the sentences detected in the provided text. |
401
|
|
|
* Set the Sentence::SPLIT_TRIM flag to trim whitespace. |
402
|
|
|
* |
403
|
|
|
* @param string $text |
404
|
|
|
* @param integer $flags |
405
|
|
|
* |
406
|
|
|
* @return string[] |
407
|
|
|
*/ |
408
|
|
|
public function split($text, $flags = 0, $pipeline = []) |
409
|
|
|
{ |
410
|
|
|
if (empty($pipeline)) { |
411
|
|
|
static $pipeline = [ |
412
|
|
|
'replaceFloatNumbers', |
413
|
|
|
'punctuationSplit', |
414
|
|
|
'parenthesesMerge', // also works after punctuationMerge or abbreviationMerge |
415
|
|
|
'punctuationMerge', |
416
|
|
|
'abbreviationMerge', |
417
|
|
|
'closeQuotesMerge', |
418
|
|
|
'sentenceMerge', |
419
|
|
|
'restoreReplacements', |
420
|
|
|
]; |
421
|
|
|
} |
422
|
|
|
|
423
|
|
|
// clean funny quotes |
424
|
|
|
$text = Multibyte::cleanUnicode($text); |
425
|
|
|
|
426
|
|
|
// Split |
427
|
|
|
$sentences = []; |
428
|
|
|
foreach (self::linebreakSplit($text) as $input) { |
429
|
|
|
if (Multibyte::trim($input) !== '') { |
430
|
|
|
foreach ($pipeline as $method) { |
431
|
|
|
$input = $this->$method($input); |
432
|
|
|
} |
433
|
|
|
$sentences = array_merge($sentences, $input); |
434
|
|
|
} |
435
|
|
|
} |
436
|
|
|
|
437
|
|
|
// Post process |
438
|
|
|
if ($flags & self::SPLIT_TRIM) { |
439
|
|
|
return self::trimSentences($sentences); |
440
|
|
|
} |
441
|
|
|
|
442
|
|
|
return $sentences; |
443
|
|
|
} |
444
|
|
|
|
445
|
|
|
/** |
446
|
|
|
* Multibyte.php trim each string in an array. |
447
|
|
|
* |
448
|
|
|
* @param string[] $sentences |
449
|
|
|
* |
450
|
|
|
* @return string[] |
451
|
|
|
*/ |
452
|
|
|
private static function trimSentences($sentences) |
453
|
|
|
{ |
454
|
|
|
return array_map(function ($sentence) { |
455
|
|
|
return Multibyte::trim($sentence); |
456
|
|
|
}, $sentences); |
457
|
|
|
} |
458
|
|
|
|
459
|
|
|
/** |
460
|
|
|
* Return the number of sentences detected in the provided text. |
461
|
|
|
* |
462
|
|
|
* @param string $text |
463
|
|
|
* |
464
|
|
|
* @return integer |
465
|
|
|
*/ |
466
|
|
|
public function count($text) |
467
|
|
|
{ |
468
|
|
|
return count($this->split($text)); |
469
|
|
|
} |
470
|
|
|
|
471
|
|
|
} |
472
|
|
|
|