Passed
Push — master ( 9ee15e...e4f543 )
by Martijn
01:34
created

Sentence::trimSentences()   A

Complexity

Conditions 2
Paths 2

Size

Total Lines 7
Code Lines 4

Duplication

Lines 0
Ratio 0 %

Importance

Changes 1
Bugs 0 Features 0
Metric Value
cc 2
eloc 4
c 1
b 0
f 0
nc 2
nop 1
dl 0
loc 7
rs 10
1
<?php
2
3
/**
4
 * Segments sentences.
5
 * Clipping may not be perfect.
6
 * Sentence count should be VERY close to the truth.
7
 *
8
 * Multibyte safe (atleast for UTF-8), but rules based on germanic
9
 * language stucture (English, Dutch, German). Should work for most
10
 * latin-alphabet languages.
11
 *
12
 * @author Martijn van der Lee (@vanderlee)
13
 * @author @marktaw
14
 */
15
class Sentence
16
{
17
18
    /**
19
     * Specify this flag with the split method to trim whitespace.
20
     */
21
    const SPLIT_TRIM = 0x1;
22
23
    /**
24
     * List of characters used to terminate sentences.
25
     *
26
     * @var string[]
27
     */
28
    private $terminals = array('.', '!', '?');
29
30
    /**
31
     * List of characters used for abbreviations.
32
     *
33
     * @var string[]
34
     */
35
    private $abbreviators = array('.');
36
37
    /**
38
     * Multibyte safe version of standard trim() function.
39
     *
40
     * @param string $string
41
     * @return string
42
     */
43
    private static function mbTrim($string)
44
    {
45
        return mb_ereg_replace('^\s*([\s\S]*?)\s*$', '\1', $string);
46
    }
47
48
    /**
49
     * A cross between mb_split and preg_split, adding the preg_split flags
50
     * to mb_split.
51
     *
52
     * @param string $pattern
53
     * @param string $string
54
     * @param int $limit
55
     * @param int $flags
56
     * @return array
57
     */
58
    private static function mbSplit($pattern, $string, $limit = -1, $flags = 0)
59
    {
60
        $split_no_empty = (bool)($flags & PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
61
        $offset_capture = (bool)($flags & PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
62
        $delim_capture = (bool)($flags & PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
63
64
        $strlen = strlen($string); // bytes!
65
        mb_ereg_search_init($string);
66
67
        $lengths = array();
68
        $position = 0;
69
        while (($array = mb_ereg_search_pos($pattern, '')) !== false) {
70
            // capture split
71
            $lengths[] = array($array[0] - $position, false, null);
72
73
            // move position
74
            $position = $array[0] + $array[1];
75
76
            // capture delimiter
77
            $regs = mb_ereg_search_getregs();
78
            $lengths[] = array($array[1], true, isset($regs[1]) && $regs[1]);
79
80
            // Continue on?
81
            if ($position >= $strlen) {
82
                break;
83
            }
84
        }
85
86
        // Add last bit, if not ending with split
87
        $lengths[] = array($strlen - $position, false, null);
88
89
        // Substrings
90
        $parts = array();
91
        $position = 0;
92
        $count = 1;
93
        foreach ($lengths as $length) {
94
            $split_empty = $length[0] || !$split_no_empty;
95
            $is_delimiter = $length[1];
96
            $is_captured = $length[2];
97
98
            if ($limit > 0
99
                && !$is_delimiter
100
                && $split_empty
101
                && ++$count > $limit) {
102
                if ($length[0] > 0
103
                    || $split_empty) {
104
                    $parts[] = $offset_capture
105
                        ? array(mb_strcut($string, $position), $position)
106
                        : mb_strcut($string, $position);
107
                }
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                break;
109
            } elseif ((!$is_delimiter
0 ignored issues
show
introduced by
Consider adding parentheses for clarity. Current Interpretation: (! $is_delimiter || $del...ngth[0] || $split_empty, Probably Intended Meaning: ! $is_delimiter || ($del...gth[0] || $split_empty)
Loading history...
110
                    || ($delim_capture
111
                        && $is_captured))
112
                && ($length[0]
113
                    || $split_empty)) {
114
                $parts[] = $offset_capture
115
                    ? array(mb_strcut($string, $position, $length[0]), $position)
116
                    : mb_strcut($string, $position, $length[0]);
117
            }
118
119
            $position += $length[0];
120
        }
121
122
        return $parts;
123
    }
124
125
    /**
126
     * Breaks a piece of text into lines by linebreak.
127
     * Eats up any linebreak characters as if one.
128
     *
129
     * Multibyte safe
130
     *
131
     * @param string $text
132
     * @return string[]
133
     */
134
    private static function linebreakSplit($text)
135
    {
136
        $lines = array();
137
        $line = '';
138
139
        foreach (self::mbSplit('([\r\n]+)', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE) as $part) {
140
            $line .= $part;
141
            if (self::mbTrim($part) === '') {
142
                $lines[] = $line;
143
                $line = '';
144
            }
145
        }
146
        $lines[] = $line;
147
148
        return $lines;
149
    }
150
151
    /**
152
     * Replace
153
     *
154
     * @staticvar array $chr_map
155
     * @param string $string
156
     * @return string
157
     */
158
    private static function cleanUnicode($string)
159
    {
160
        //https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20025030/convert-all-types-of-smart-quotes-with-php
161
        static $character_map = array(
162
            // Windows codepage 1252
163
            "\xC2\x82" => "'", // U+0082⇒U+201A single low-9 quotation mark
164
            "\xC2\x84" => '"', // U+0084⇒U+201E double low-9 quotation mark
165
            "\xC2\x8B" => "'", // U+008B⇒U+2039 single left-pointing angle quotation mark
166
            "\xC2\x91" => "'", // U+0091⇒U+2018 left single quotation mark
167
            "\xC2\x92" => "'", // U+0092⇒U+2019 right single quotation mark
168
            "\xC2\x93" => '"', // U+0093⇒U+201C left double quotation mark
169
            "\xC2\x94" => '"', // U+0094⇒U+201D right double quotation mark
170
            "\xC2\x9B" => "'", // U+009B⇒U+203A single right-pointing angle quotation mark
171
            // Regular Unicode     // U+0022 quotation mark (")
172
            // U+0027 apostrophe     (')
173
            "\xC2\xAB" => '"', // U+00AB left-pointing double angle quotation mark
174
            "\xC2\xBB" => '"', // U+00BB right-pointing double angle quotation mark
175
            "\xE2\x80\x98" => "'", // U+2018 left single quotation mark
176
            "\xE2\x80\x99" => "'", // U+2019 right single quotation mark
177
            "\xE2\x80\x9A" => "'", // U+201A single low-9 quotation mark
178
            "\xE2\x80\x9B" => "'", // U+201B single high-reversed-9 quotation mark
179
            "\xE2\x80\x9C" => '"', // U+201C left double quotation mark
180
            "\xE2\x80\x9D" => '"', // U+201D right double quotation mark
181
            "\xE2\x80\x9E" => '"', // U+201E double low-9 quotation mark
182
            "\xE2\x80\x9F" => '"', // U+201F double high-reversed-9 quotation mark
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            "\xE2\x80\xB9" => "'", // U+2039 single left-pointing angle quotation mark
184
            "\xE2\x80\xBA" => "'", // U+203A single right-pointing angle quotation mark
185
        );
186
187
        $character = array_keys($character_map); // but: for efficiency you should
188
        $replace = array_values($character_map); // pre-calculate these two arrays
189
        return str_replace($character, $replace, html_entity_decode($string, ENT_QUOTES, "UTF-8"));
190
    }
191
192
    /**
193
     * Splits an array of lines by (consecutive sequences of)
194
     * terminals, keeping terminals.
195
     *
196
     * Multibyte safe (atleast for UTF-8)
197
     *
198
     * For example:
199
     *    "There ... is. More!"
200
     *        ... becomes ...
201
     *    [ "There ", "...", " is", ".", " More", "!" ]
202
     *
203
     * @param string $line
204
     * @return string[]
205
     */
206
    private function punctuationSplit($line)
207
    {
208
        $parts = array();
209
210
        $chars = preg_split('//u', $line, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY); // This is UTF8 multibyte safe!
211
        $is_terminal = in_array($chars[0], $this->terminals);
212
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        $part = '';
214
        foreach ($chars as $index => $char) {
215
            if (in_array($char, $this->terminals) !== $is_terminal) {
216
                $parts[] = $part;
217
                $part = '';
218
                $is_terminal = !$is_terminal;
219
            }
220
            $part .= $char;
221
        }
222
223
        if (!empty($part)) {
224
            $parts[] = $part;
225
        }
226
227
        return $parts;
228
    }
229
230
    /**
231
     * Appends each terminal item after it's preceding
232
     * non-terminals.
233
     *
234
     * Multibyte safe (atleast for UTF-8)
235
     *
236
     * For example:
237
     *    [ "There ", "...", " is", ".", " More", "!" ]
238
     *        ... becomes ...
239
     *    [ "There ... is.", "More!" ]
240
     *
241
     * @param string[] $punctuations
242
     * @return string[]
243
     */
244
    private function punctuationMerge($punctuations)
245
    {
246
        $definite_terminals = array_diff($this->terminals, $this->abbreviators);
247
248
        $merges = array();
249
        $merge = '';
250
251
        foreach ($punctuations as $punctuation) {
252
            if ($punctuation !== '') {
253
                $merge .= $punctuation;
254
                if (mb_strlen($punctuation) === 1
255
                    && in_array($punctuation, $this->terminals)) {
256
                    $merges[] = $merge;
257
                    $merge = '';
258
                } else {
259
                    foreach ($definite_terminals as $terminal) {
260
                        if (mb_strpos($punctuation, $terminal) !== false) {
261
                            $merges[] = $merge;
262
                            $merge = '';
263
                            break;
264
                        }
265
                    }
266
                }
267
            }
268
        }
269
        if (!empty($merge)) {
270
            $merges[] = $merge;
271
        }
272
273
        return $merges;
274
    }
275
276
    /**
277
     * Looks for capitalized abbreviations & includes them with the following fragment.
278
     *
279
     * For example:
280
     *    [ "Last week, former director of the F.B.I. James B. Comey was fired. Mr. Comey was not available for comment." ]
281
     *        ... becomes ...
282
     *    [ "Last week, former director of the F.B.I. James B. Comey was fired." ]
283
     *  [ "Mr. Comey was not available for comment." ]
284
     *
285
     * @param string[] $fragments
286
     * @return string[]
287
     */
288
    private function abbreviationMerge($fragments)
289
    {
290
        $return_fragment = array();
291
292
        $previous_string = '';
293
        $previous_is_abbreviation = false;
294
        $i = 0;
295
296
        foreach ($fragments as $fragment) {
297
            $current_string = $fragment;
298
            $words = mb_split('\s+', self::mbTrim($fragment));
299
300
            $word_count = count($words);
301
302
            // if last word of fragment starts with a Capital, ends in "." & has less than 3 characters, trigger "is abbreviation"
303
            $last_word = trim($words[$word_count - 1]);
304
            $last_is_capital = preg_match('#^\p{Lu}#u', $last_word);
305
            $last_is_abbreviation = substr(trim($fragment), -1) === '.';
306
            $is_abbreviation = $last_is_capital > 0
307
                && $last_is_abbreviation > 0
308
                && mb_strlen($last_word) <= 3;
309
310
            // merge previous fragment with this
311
            if ($previous_is_abbreviation === true) {
312
                $current_string = $previous_string . $current_string;
313
            }
314
            $return_fragment[$i] = $current_string;
315
316
            $previous_is_abbreviation = $is_abbreviation;
317
            $previous_string = $current_string;
318
            // only increment if this isn't an abbreviation
319
            if ($is_abbreviation === false) {
320
                $i++;
321
            }
322
        }
323
        return $return_fragment;
324
    }
325
326
    /**
327
     * Merges any part starting with a closing parenthesis ')' to the previous
328
     * part.
329
     *
330
     * @param string[] $parts
331
     * @return string[]
332
     */
333
    private function parenthesesMerge($parts)
334
    {
335
        $subsentences = array();
336
337
        foreach ($parts as $part) {
338
            if ($part[0] === ')') {
339
                $subsentences[count($subsentences) - 1] .= $part;
340
            } else {
341
                $subsentences[] = $part;
342
            }
343
        }
344
345
        return $subsentences;
346
    }
347
348
    /**
349
     * Looks for closing quotes to include them with the previous statement.
350
     * "That was very interesting," he said.
351
     * "That was very interesting."
352
     *
353
     * @param string[] $statements
354
     * @return string[]
355
     */
356
    private function closeQuotesMerge($statements)
357
    {
358
        $i = 0;
359
        $previous_statement = "";
360
        $return = array();
361
        foreach ($statements as $statement) {
362
            // detect end quote - if the entire string is a quotation mark, or it's [quote, space, lowercase]
363
            if (trim($statement) === '"'
364
                || trim($statement) === "'"
365
                || (
366
                    (substr($statement, 0, 1) === '"'
367
                        || substr($statement, 0, 1) === "'")
368
                    && substr($statement, 1, 1) === ' '
369
                    && ctype_lower(substr($statement, 2, 1)) === true
370
                )
371
            ) {
372
                $statement = $previous_statement . $statement;
373
            } else {
374
                $i++;
375
            }
376
377
            $return[$i] = $statement;
378
            $previous_statement = $statement;
379
        }
380
381
        return $return;
382
    }
383
384
    /**
385
     * Merges items into larger sentences.
386
     * Multibyte safe
387
     *
388
     * @param string[] $shorts
389
     * @return string[]
390
     */
391
    private function sentenceMerge($shorts)
392
    {
393
        $non_abbreviating_terminals = array_diff($this->terminals, $this->abbreviators);
394
395
        $sentences = array();
396
397
        $sentence = '';
398
        $has_words = false;
399
        $previous_word_ending = null;
400
        foreach ($shorts as $short) {
401
            $word_count = count(mb_split('\s+', self::mbTrim($short)));
402
            $after_non_abbreviating_terminal = in_array($previous_word_ending, $non_abbreviating_terminals);
403
404
            if ($after_non_abbreviating_terminal
405
                || ($has_words && $word_count > 1)) {
406
                $sentences[] = $sentence;
407
                $sentence = '';
408
                $has_words = $word_count > 1;
409
            } else {
410
                $has_words = ($has_words
411
                    || $word_count > 1);
412
            }
413
414
            $sentence .= $short;
415
            $previous_word_ending = mb_substr($short, -1);
416
        }
417
        if (!empty($sentence)) {
418
            $sentences[] = $sentence;
419
        }
420
421
        return $sentences;
422
    }
423
424
    /**
425
     * Return the sentences sentences detected in the provided text.
426
     * Set the Sentence::SPLIT_TRIM flag to trim whitespace.
427
     * @param string $text
428
     * @param integer $flags
429
     * @return string[]
430
     */
431
    public function split($text, $flags = 0)
432
    {
433
        $sentences = array();
434
435
        // clean funny quotes
436
        $text = self::cleanUnicode($text);
437
438
        // Split
439
        foreach (self::linebreakSplit($text) as $line) {
440
            if (self::mbTrim($line) !== '') {
441
                $punctuations = $this->punctuationSplit($line);
442
                $parentheses = $this->parenthesesMerge($punctuations); // also works after punctuationMerge or abbreviationMerge
443
                $merges = $this->punctuationMerge($parentheses);
444
                $shorts = $this->abbreviationMerge($merges);
445
                $quotes = $this->closeQuotesMerge($shorts);
446
                $sentences = array_merge($sentences, $this->sentenceMerge($quotes));
447
            }
448
        }
449
450
        // Post process
451
        if ($flags & self::SPLIT_TRIM) {
452
            return self::trimSentences($sentences);
453
        }
454
455
        return $sentences;
456
    }
457
458
    /**
459
     * Multibyte trim each string in an array.
460
     * @param string[] $sentences
461
     * @return string[]
462
     */
463
    private static function trimSentences($sentences)
464
    {
465
        $trimmed = array();
466
        foreach ($sentences as $sentence) {
467
            $trimmed[] = self::mbTrim($sentence);
468
        }
469
        return $trimmed;
470
    }
471
472
    /**
473
     * Return the number of sentences detected in the provided text.
474
     * @param string $text
475
     * @return integer
476
     */
477
    public function count($text)
478
    {
479
        return count($this->split($text));
480
    }
481
482
}
483