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                <?php  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                namespace vakata\database\driver\odbc;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use \vakata\database\DBException;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use \vakata\database\DriverInterface;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use \vakata\database\DriverAbstract;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use \vakata\database\StatementInterface;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use \vakata\database\schema\Table;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use \vakata\database\schema\TableRelation;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                class Driver extends DriverAbstract implements DriverInterface  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    protected $lnk = null;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    protected $transaction = false;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function __construct(array $connection)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $temp = explode('://', $connection['orig'], 2)[1]; | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $temp = array_pad(explode('?', $temp, 2), 2, ''); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $connection = [];  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $connection['opts'] = [];  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        parse_str($temp[1], $connection['opts']);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $temp = $temp[0];  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        if (strpos($temp, '@') !== false) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $temp = array_pad(explode('@', $temp, 2), 2, ''); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            list($connection['user'], $connection['pass']) = array_pad(explode(':', $temp[0], 2), 2, ''); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $temp = $temp[1];  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $connection['dsn'] = $temp;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->connection = $connection;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function __destruct()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->disconnect();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function connect()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        if ($this->lnk === null) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $this->lnk = call_user_func(  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                $this->option('persist') ? '\odbc_pconnect' : '\odbc_connect', | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                $this->connection['dsn'],  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                isset($this->connection['user']) ? $this->connection['user'] : '',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                isset($this->connection['pass']) ? $this->connection['pass'] : ''  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            if ($this->lnk === false) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                throw new DBException('Connect error'); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function test() : bool  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        if ($this->lnk) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            return true;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        try { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            @$this->connect();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            return true;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        } catch (\Exception $e) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $this->lnk = null;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            return false;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function disconnect()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        if (is_resource($this->lnk)) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            \odbc_close($this->lnk);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function prepare(string $sql) : StatementInterface  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->connect();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return new Statement(  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $sql,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $this->lnk,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $this->connection['opts']['charset_in'] ?? null,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $this->connection['opts']['charset_out'] ?? null  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function raw(string $sql)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return \odbc_exec($this->lnk, $sql);  | 
            
                            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function begin() : bool  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->connect();  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->transaction = true;  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        \odbc_autocommit($this->lnk, false);  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return true;  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function commit() : bool  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->connect();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->transaction = false;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $res = \odbc_commit($this->lnk);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        \odbc_autocommit($this->lnk, false);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $res;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function rollback() : bool  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->connect();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->transaction = false;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $res = \odbc_rollback($this->lnk);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        \odbc_autocommit($this->lnk, false);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $res;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function isTransaction()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $this->transaction;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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If you return a value from a function or method, it should be a sub-type of the type that is given by the parent type f.e. an interface, or abstract method. This is more formally defined by the Lizkov substitution principle, and guarantees that classes that depend on the parent type can use any instance of a child type interchangably. This principle also belongs to the SOLID principles for object oriented design.
Let’s take a look at an example:
Our function
my_functionexpects aPostobject, and outputs the author of the post. The base classPostreturns a simple string and outputting a simple string will work just fine. However, the child classBlogPostwhich is a sub-type ofPostinstead decided to return anobject, and is therefore violating the SOLID principles. If aBlogPostwere passed tomy_function, PHP would not complain, but ultimately fail when executing thestrtouppercall in its body.