Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like Serializer often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Serializer, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 18 | class Serializer extends Component |
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| 19 | { |
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| 20 | /** |
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| 21 | * @var string the name of the query parameter containing the information about which fields should be returned |
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| 22 | * for a [[Model]] object. If the parameter is not provided or empty, the default set of fields as defined |
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| 23 | * by [[Model::fields()]] will be returned. |
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| 24 | */ |
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| 25 | public $fieldsParam = 'fields'; |
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| 26 | /** |
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| 27 | * @var string the name of the query parameter containing the information about which fields should be returned |
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| 28 | * in addition to those listed in [[fieldsParam]] for a resource object. |
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| 29 | */ |
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| 30 | public $expandParam = 'include'; |
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| 31 | /** |
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| 32 | * @var string the name of the envelope (e.g. `_links`) for returning the links objects. |
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| 33 | * It takes effect only, if `collectionEnvelope` is set. |
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| 34 | * @since 2.0.4 |
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| 35 | */ |
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| 36 | public $linksEnvelope = 'links'; |
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| 37 | /** |
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| 38 | * @var string the name of the envelope (e.g. `_meta`) for returning the pagination object. |
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| 39 | * It takes effect only, if `collectionEnvelope` is set. |
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| 40 | * @since 2.0.4 |
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| 41 | */ |
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| 42 | public $metaEnvelope = 'meta'; |
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| 43 | /** |
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| 44 | * @var Request the current request. If not set, the `request` application component will be used. |
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| 45 | */ |
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| 46 | public $request; |
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| 47 | /** |
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| 48 | * @var Response the response to be sent. If not set, the `response` application component will be used. |
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| 49 | */ |
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| 50 | public $response; |
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| 51 | |||
| 52 | |||
| 53 | /** |
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| 54 | * @inheritdoc |
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| 55 | */ |
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| 56 | public function init() |
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| 65 | |||
| 66 | /** |
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| 67 | * Serializes the given data into a format that can be easily turned into other formats. |
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| 68 | * This method mainly converts the objects of recognized types into array representation. |
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| 69 | * It will not do conversion for unknown object types or non-object data. |
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| 70 | * @param mixed $data the data to be serialized. |
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| 71 | * @return mixed the converted data. |
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| 72 | */ |
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| 73 | public function serialize($data) |
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| 85 | |||
| 86 | /** |
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| 87 | * @param ResourceInterface $model |
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| 88 | * @return array |
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| 89 | */ |
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| 90 | protected function serializeModel(ResourceInterface $model) |
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| 137 | |||
| 138 | /** |
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| 139 | * @param ResourceInterface $resource |
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| 140 | * @return array |
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| 141 | */ |
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| 142 | protected function serializeResource($resource) |
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| 157 | |||
| 158 | /** |
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| 159 | * @param ResourceInterface $resource |
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| 160 | * @return array |
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| 161 | */ |
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| 162 | protected function serializeIncluded($resource) |
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| 182 | |||
| 183 | /** |
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| 184 | * Serializes a data provider. |
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| 185 | * @param DataProviderInterface $dataProvider |
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| 186 | * @return array the array representation of the data provider. |
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| 187 | */ |
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| 188 | protected function serializeDataProvider($dataProvider) |
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| 220 | |||
| 221 | /** |
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| 222 | * Serializes a pagination into an array. |
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| 223 | * @param Pagination $pagination |
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| 224 | * @return array the array representation of the pagination |
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| 225 | * @see addPaginationHeaders() |
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| 226 | */ |
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| 227 | protected function serializePagination($pagination) |
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| 239 | |||
| 240 | /** |
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| 241 | * Serializes the validation errors in a model. |
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| 242 | * @param Model $model |
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| 243 | * @return array the array representation of the errors |
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| 244 | */ |
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| 245 | protected function serializeModelErrors($model) |
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| 258 | |||
| 259 | /** |
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| 260 | * @return array |
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| 261 | */ |
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| 262 | protected function getRequestedFields() |
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| 274 | |||
| 275 | protected function getIncluded() |
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| 280 | |||
| 281 | /** |
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| 282 | * Checks Identification of resource object. |
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| 283 | * http://jsonapi.org/format/#document-resource-object-identification |
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| 284 | * @param ResourceInterface $resource |
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| 285 | */ |
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| 286 | protected function checkIdentification(ResourceInterface $resource) |
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| 300 | } |
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| 301 |
This check looks for multiple assignments in successive lines of code. It will report an issue if the operators are not in a straight line.
To visualize
will produce issues in the first and second line, while this second example
will produce no issues.