| 
                    1
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                <?php  | 
            
                            
                    | 
                        
                     | 
                     | 
                     | 
                    
                                                                                                    
                        
                         
                                                                                        
                                                                                     
                     | 
                
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    2
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    3
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    4
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * Returns the list of scripts to compare.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    5
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    6
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @return array  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    7
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    8
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                function scripts() { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    9
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    return [  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    10
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        __DIR__ . '/scripts/imperative.php',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    11
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        __DIR__ . '/scripts/functional.php',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    12
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        __DIR__ . '/scripts/object-oriented.php',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    13
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    ];  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    14
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    15
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    16
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    17
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * Returs the list of tests to run.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    18
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    19
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @return array  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    20
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    21
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                function tests() { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    22
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    static $tests = null;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    23
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    if (null == $tests) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    24
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        $tests = [  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    25
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            (object) [  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    26
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                                'input' => __DIR__ . '/tests/1K-words.input.txt',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    27
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                                'output' => trim(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/tests/1K-words.output.txt'))  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    28
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            ],  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    29
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            (object) [  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    30
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                                'input' => __DIR__ . '/tests/10k-words.input.txt',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    31
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                                'output' => trim(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/tests/10k-words.output.txt'))  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    32
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            ],  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    33
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            (object) [  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    34
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                                'input' => __DIR__ . '/tests/100k-words.input.txt',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    35
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                                'output' => trim(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/tests/100k-words.output.txt'))  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    36
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            ],  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    37
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        ];  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    38
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    39
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    return $tests;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    40
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    41
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    42
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    43
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * Runs the scripts with the tests and shows the results.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    44
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    45
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @return void  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    46
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    47
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                function main() { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    48
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    foreach (scripts() as $path) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    49
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        echo nameOf($path), ":\n";  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    50
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        foreach (tests() as $test) { | 
            
                            
                    | 
                        
                     | 
                     | 
                     | 
                    
                                                                                                    
                        
                         
                                                                                        
                                                                                     
                     | 
                
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    51
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            echo "  ", nameOf($test->input), ": ";  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    52
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            if (!passes($path, $test)) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    53
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                                echo "Failed!\n";  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    54
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            } else { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    55
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                                echo averageTime(3, $path, $test), "\n";  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    56
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    57
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    58
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    59
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    60
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    61
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    62
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * Gets the name of a file without extension from its path.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    63
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    64
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @param  string $path  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    65
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @return string  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    66
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    67
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                function nameOf($path) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    68
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    $name = substr($path, strrpos($path, '/') + 1);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    69
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    return substr($name, 0, strpos($name, '.'));  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    70
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    71
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    72
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    73
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * Runs the given script `$n` times and returns the average running time.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    74
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    75
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @param  int $n  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    76
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @param  string $path  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    77
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @param  object $test  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    78
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @return int  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    79
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    80
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                function averageTime($n, $path, $test) { | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    81
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    $s = 0;  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    82
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    for ($i=0; $i < $n; $i++) { | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    83
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        $s =+ execute($path, $test->input);  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    84
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    85
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    return $s / $n;  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    86
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    87
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    88
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    89
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * Checks if running a PHP script with some input returns the expected output.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    90
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    91
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @param  string $path  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    92
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @param  array $test  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    93
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @return bool  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    94
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    95
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                function passes($path, $test) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    96
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    return $test->output == trim(shell_exec("php {$path} < \"{$test->input}\"")); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    97
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    98
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    99
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    100
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * Runs a PHP file with specific standard input  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    101
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * and returns its running time in miliseconds.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    102
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    103
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @param  string $path  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    104
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 * @return array  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    105
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    106
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                function execute($path, $input) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    107
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    $start = microtime(true);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    108
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    shell_exec("php {$path} < \"{$input}\""); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    109
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    return 1000 * (microtime(true) - $start);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    110
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    111
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    112
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                main();  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    113
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                        
The PSR-1: Basic Coding Standard recommends that a file should either introduce new symbols, that is classes, functions, constants or similar, or have side effects. Side effects are anything that executes logic, like for example printing output, changing ini settings or writing to a file.
The idea behind this recommendation is that merely auto-loading a class should not change the state of an application. It also promotes a cleaner style of programming and makes your code less prone to errors, because the logic is not spread out all over the place.
To learn more about the PSR-1, please see the PHP-FIG site on the PSR-1.