synestergates788 / OctaORM

RedBean.php

Indentation +15228 added lines, -15228 removed lines

@@ -18,20 +18,20 @@ 
  */
 interface Logger
 {
-	/**
-	 * A logger (for PDO or OCI driver) needs to implement the log method.
-	 * The log method will receive logging data. Note that the number of parameters is 0, this means
-	 * all parameters are optional and the number may vary. This way the logger can be used in a very
-	 * flexible way. Sometimes the logger is used to log a simple error message and in other
-	 * situations sql and bindings are passed.
-	 * The log method should be able to accept all kinds of parameters and data by using
-	 * functions like func_num_args/func_get_args.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $message, ...
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function log();
+    /**
+     * A logger (for PDO or OCI driver) needs to implement the log method.
+     * The log method will receive logging data. Note that the number of parameters is 0, this means
+     * all parameters are optional and the number may vary. This way the logger can be used in a very
+     * flexible way. Sometimes the logger is used to log a simple error message and in other
+     * situations sql and bindings are passed.
+     * The log method should be able to accept all kinds of parameters and data by using
+     * functions like func_num_args/func_get_args.
+     *
+     * @param string $message, ...
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function log();
 }
 }
 
@@ -54,117 +54,117 @@ 
  */
 class RDefault implements Logger
 {
-	/**
-	 * Logger modes
-	 */
-	const C_LOGGER_ECHO  = 0;
-	const C_LOGGER_ARRAY = 1;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var integer
-	 */
-	protected $mode = 0;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $logs = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * Default logger method logging to STDOUT.
-	 * This is the default/reference implementation of a logger.
-	 * This method will write the message value to STDOUT (screen) unless
-	 * you have changed the mode of operation to C_LOGGER_ARRAY.
-	 *
-	 * @param $message (optional) message to log (might also be data or output)
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function log()
-	{
-		if ( func_num_args() < 1 ) return;
-
-		foreach ( func_get_args() as $argument ) {
-			if ( is_array( $argument ) ) {
-				$log = var_export( $argument, TRUE );
-				if ( $this->mode === self::C_LOGGER_ECHO ) {
-					echo $log;
-				} else {
-					$this->logs[] = $log;
-				}
-			} else {
-				if ( $this->mode === self::C_LOGGER_ECHO ) {
-					echo $argument;
-				} else {
-					$this->logs[] = $argument;
-				}
-			}
-
-			if ( $this->mode === self::C_LOGGER_ECHO ) echo "<br>" . PHP_EOL;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the internal log array.
-	 * The internal log array is where all log messages are stored.
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getLogs()
-	{
-		return $this->logs;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Clears the internal log array, removing all
-	 * previously stored entries.
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function clear()
-	{
-		$this->logs = array();
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Selects a logging mode.
-	 * There are several options available.
-	 *
-	 * * C_LOGGER_ARRAY - log silently, stores entries in internal log array only
-	 * * C_LOGGER_ECHO  - also forward log messages directly to STDOUT
-	 *
-	 * @param integer $mode mode of operation for logging object
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function setMode( $mode )
-	{
-		if ($mode !== self::C_LOGGER_ARRAY && $mode !== self::C_LOGGER_ECHO ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Invalid mode selected for logger, use C_LOGGER_ARRAY or C_LOGGER_ECHO.' );
-		}
-		$this->mode = $mode;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Searches for all log entries in internal log array
-	 * for $needle and returns those entries.
-	 * This method will return an array containing all matches for your
-	 * search query.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $needle phrase to look for in internal log array
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function grep( $needle )
-	{
-		$found = array();
-		foreach( $this->logs as $logEntry ) {
-			if ( strpos( $logEntry, $needle ) !== FALSE ) $found[] = $logEntry;
-		}
-		return $found;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Logger modes
+     */
+    const C_LOGGER_ECHO  = 0;
+    const C_LOGGER_ARRAY = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * @var integer
+     */
+    protected $mode = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $logs = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Default logger method logging to STDOUT.
+     * This is the default/reference implementation of a logger.
+     * This method will write the message value to STDOUT (screen) unless
+     * you have changed the mode of operation to C_LOGGER_ARRAY.
+     *
+     * @param $message (optional) message to log (might also be data or output)
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function log()
+    {
+        if ( func_num_args() < 1 ) return;
+
+        foreach ( func_get_args() as $argument ) {
+            if ( is_array( $argument ) ) {
+                $log = var_export( $argument, TRUE );
+                if ( $this->mode === self::C_LOGGER_ECHO ) {
+                    echo $log;
+                } else {
+                    $this->logs[] = $log;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if ( $this->mode === self::C_LOGGER_ECHO ) {
+                    echo $argument;
+                } else {
+                    $this->logs[] = $argument;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ( $this->mode === self::C_LOGGER_ECHO ) echo "<br>" . PHP_EOL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the internal log array.
+     * The internal log array is where all log messages are stored.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getLogs()
+    {
+        return $this->logs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the internal log array, removing all
+     * previously stored entries.
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function clear()
+    {
+        $this->logs = array();
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Selects a logging mode.
+     * There are several options available.
+     *
+     * * C_LOGGER_ARRAY - log silently, stores entries in internal log array only
+     * * C_LOGGER_ECHO  - also forward log messages directly to STDOUT
+     *
+     * @param integer $mode mode of operation for logging object
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function setMode( $mode )
+    {
+        if ($mode !== self::C_LOGGER_ARRAY && $mode !== self::C_LOGGER_ECHO ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Invalid mode selected for logger, use C_LOGGER_ARRAY or C_LOGGER_ECHO.' );
+        }
+        $this->mode = $mode;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Searches for all log entries in internal log array
+     * for $needle and returns those entries.
+     * This method will return an array containing all matches for your
+     * search query.
+     *
+     * @param string $needle phrase to look for in internal log array
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function grep( $needle )
+    {
+        $found = array();
+        foreach( $this->logs as $logEntry ) {
+            if ( strpos( $logEntry, $needle ) !== FALSE ) $found[] = $logEntry;
+        }
+        return $found;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -190,215 +190,215 @@ 
  */
 class Debug extends RDefault implements Logger
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var integer
-	 */
-	protected $strLen = 40;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected static $noCLI = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles CLI override. By default debugging functions will
-	 * output differently based on PHP_SAPI values. This function
-	 * allows you to override the PHP_SAPI setting. If you set
-	 * this to TRUE, CLI output will be supressed in favour of
-	 * HTML output. So, to get HTML on the command line use
-	 * setOverrideCLIOutput( TRUE ).
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $yesNo CLI-override setting flag
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function setOverrideCLIOutput( $yesNo )
-	{
-		self::$noCLI = $yesNo;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Writes a query for logging with all bindings / params filled
-	 * in.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $newSql      the query
-	 * @param array  $newBindings the bindings to process (key-value pairs)
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	protected function writeQuery( $newSql, $newBindings )
-	{
-		//avoid str_replace collisions: slot1 and slot10 (issue 407).
-		uksort( $newBindings, function( $a, $b ) {
-			return ( strlen( $b ) - strlen( $a ) );
-		} );
-
-		$newStr = $newSql;
-		foreach( $newBindings as $slot => $value ) {
-			if ( strpos( $slot, ':' ) === 0 ) {
-				$newStr = str_replace( $slot, $this->fillInValue( $value ), $newStr );
-			}
-		}
-		return $newStr;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Fills in a value of a binding and truncates the
-	 * resulting string if necessary.
-	 *
-	 * @param mixed $value bound value
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	protected function fillInValue( $value )
-	{
-		if ( is_null( $value ) ) $value = 'NULL';
-
-		$value = strval( $value );
-		if ( strlen( $value ) > ( $this->strLen ) ) {
-			$value = substr( $value, 0, ( $this->strLen ) ).'... ';
-		}
-
-		if ( !\RedBeanPHP\QueryWriter\AQueryWriter::canBeTreatedAsInt( $value ) && $value !== 'NULL') {
-			$value = '\''.$value.'\'';
-		}
-
-		return $value;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Dependending on the current mode of operation,
-	 * this method will either log and output to STDIN or
-	 * just log.
-	 *
-	 * Depending on the value of constant PHP_SAPI this function
-	 * will format output for console or HTML.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $str string to log or output and log
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function output( $str )
-	{
-		$this->logs[] = $str;
-		if ( !$this->mode ) {
-			$highlight = FALSE;
-			/* just a quick heuritsic to highlight schema changes */
-			if ( strpos( $str, 'CREATE' ) === 0
-			|| strpos( $str, 'ALTER' ) === 0
-			|| strpos( $str, 'DROP' ) === 0) {
-				$highlight = TRUE;
-			}
-			if (PHP_SAPI === 'cli' && !self::$noCLI) {
-				if ($highlight) echo "\e[91m";
-				echo $str, PHP_EOL;
-				echo "\e[39m";
-			} else {
-				if ($highlight) {
-					echo "<b style=\"color:red\">{$str}</b>";
-				} else {
-					echo $str;
-				}
-				echo '<br />';
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Normalizes the slots in an SQL string.
-	 * Replaces question mark slots with :slot1 :slot2 etc.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql sql to normalize
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	protected function normalizeSlots( $sql )
-	{
-		$newSql = $sql;
-		$i = 0;
-		while(strpos($newSql, '?') !== FALSE ){
-			$pos   = strpos( $newSql, '?' );
-			$slot  = ':slot'.$i;
-			$begin = substr( $newSql, 0, $pos );
-			$end   = substr( $newSql, $pos+1 );
-			if (PHP_SAPI === 'cli' && !self::$noCLI) {
-				$newSql = "{$begin}\e[32m{$slot}\e[39m{$end}";
-			} else {
-				$newSql = "{$begin}<b style=\"color:green\">$slot</b>{$end}";
-			}
-			$i ++;
-		}
-		return $newSql;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Normalizes the bindings.
-	 * Replaces numeric binding keys with :slot1 :slot2 etc.
-	 *
-	 * @param array $bindings bindings to normalize
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	protected function normalizeBindings( $bindings )
-	{
-		$i = 0;
-		$newBindings = array();
-		foreach( $bindings as $key => $value ) {
-			if ( is_numeric($key) ) {
-				$newKey = ':slot'.$i;
-				$newBindings[$newKey] = $value;
-				$i++;
-			} else {
-				$newBindings[$key] = $value;
-			}
-		}
-		return $newBindings;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Logger method.
-	 *
-	 * Takes a number of arguments tries to create
-	 * a proper debug log based on the available data.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function log()
-	{
-		if ( func_num_args() < 1 ) return;
-
-		$sql = func_get_arg( 0 );
-
-		if ( func_num_args() < 2) {
-			$bindings = array();
-		} else {
-			$bindings = func_get_arg( 1 );
-		}
-
-		if ( !is_array( $bindings ) ) {
-			return $this->output( $sql );
-		}
-
-		$newSql = $this->normalizeSlots( $sql );
-		$newBindings = $this->normalizeBindings( $bindings );
-		$newStr = $this->writeQuery( $newSql, $newBindings );
-		$this->output( $newStr );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the max string length for the parameter output in
-	 * SQL queries. Set this value to a reasonable number to
-	 * keep you SQL queries readable.
-	 *
-	 * @param integer $len string length
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function setParamStringLength( $len = 20 )
-	{
-		$this->strLen = max(0, $len);
-		return $this;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var integer
+     */
+    protected $strLen = 40;
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected static $noCLI = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles CLI override. By default debugging functions will
+     * output differently based on PHP_SAPI values. This function
+     * allows you to override the PHP_SAPI setting. If you set
+     * this to TRUE, CLI output will be supressed in favour of
+     * HTML output. So, to get HTML on the command line use
+     * setOverrideCLIOutput( TRUE ).
+     *
+     * @param boolean $yesNo CLI-override setting flag
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function setOverrideCLIOutput( $yesNo )
+    {
+        self::$noCLI = $yesNo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes a query for logging with all bindings / params filled
+     * in.
+     *
+     * @param string $newSql      the query
+     * @param array  $newBindings the bindings to process (key-value pairs)
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function writeQuery( $newSql, $newBindings )
+    {
+        //avoid str_replace collisions: slot1 and slot10 (issue 407).
+        uksort( $newBindings, function( $a, $b ) {
+            return ( strlen( $b ) - strlen( $a ) );
+        } );
+
+        $newStr = $newSql;
+        foreach( $newBindings as $slot => $value ) {
+            if ( strpos( $slot, ':' ) === 0 ) {
+                $newStr = str_replace( $slot, $this->fillInValue( $value ), $newStr );
+            }
+        }
+        return $newStr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fills in a value of a binding and truncates the
+     * resulting string if necessary.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $value bound value
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function fillInValue( $value )
+    {
+        if ( is_null( $value ) ) $value = 'NULL';
+
+        $value = strval( $value );
+        if ( strlen( $value ) > ( $this->strLen ) ) {
+            $value = substr( $value, 0, ( $this->strLen ) ).'... ';
+        }
+
+        if ( !\RedBeanPHP\QueryWriter\AQueryWriter::canBeTreatedAsInt( $value ) && $value !== 'NULL') {
+            $value = '\''.$value.'\'';
+        }
+
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dependending on the current mode of operation,
+     * this method will either log and output to STDIN or
+     * just log.
+     *
+     * Depending on the value of constant PHP_SAPI this function
+     * will format output for console or HTML.
+     *
+     * @param string $str string to log or output and log
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function output( $str )
+    {
+        $this->logs[] = $str;
+        if ( !$this->mode ) {
+            $highlight = FALSE;
+            /* just a quick heuritsic to highlight schema changes */
+            if ( strpos( $str, 'CREATE' ) === 0
+            || strpos( $str, 'ALTER' ) === 0
+            || strpos( $str, 'DROP' ) === 0) {
+                $highlight = TRUE;
+            }
+            if (PHP_SAPI === 'cli' && !self::$noCLI) {
+                if ($highlight) echo "\e[91m";
+                echo $str, PHP_EOL;
+                echo "\e[39m";
+            } else {
+                if ($highlight) {
+                    echo "<b style=\"color:red\">{$str}</b>";
+                } else {
+                    echo $str;
+                }
+                echo '<br />';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Normalizes the slots in an SQL string.
+     * Replaces question mark slots with :slot1 :slot2 etc.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql sql to normalize
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function normalizeSlots( $sql )
+    {
+        $newSql = $sql;
+        $i = 0;
+        while(strpos($newSql, '?') !== FALSE ){
+            $pos   = strpos( $newSql, '?' );
+            $slot  = ':slot'.$i;
+            $begin = substr( $newSql, 0, $pos );
+            $end   = substr( $newSql, $pos+1 );
+            if (PHP_SAPI === 'cli' && !self::$noCLI) {
+                $newSql = "{$begin}\e[32m{$slot}\e[39m{$end}";
+            } else {
+                $newSql = "{$begin}<b style=\"color:green\">$slot</b>{$end}";
+            }
+            $i ++;
+        }
+        return $newSql;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Normalizes the bindings.
+     * Replaces numeric binding keys with :slot1 :slot2 etc.
+     *
+     * @param array $bindings bindings to normalize
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    protected function normalizeBindings( $bindings )
+    {
+        $i = 0;
+        $newBindings = array();
+        foreach( $bindings as $key => $value ) {
+            if ( is_numeric($key) ) {
+                $newKey = ':slot'.$i;
+                $newBindings[$newKey] = $value;
+                $i++;
+            } else {
+                $newBindings[$key] = $value;
+            }
+        }
+        return $newBindings;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logger method.
+     *
+     * Takes a number of arguments tries to create
+     * a proper debug log based on the available data.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function log()
+    {
+        if ( func_num_args() < 1 ) return;
+
+        $sql = func_get_arg( 0 );
+
+        if ( func_num_args() < 2) {
+            $bindings = array();
+        } else {
+            $bindings = func_get_arg( 1 );
+        }
+
+        if ( !is_array( $bindings ) ) {
+            return $this->output( $sql );
+        }
+
+        $newSql = $this->normalizeSlots( $sql );
+        $newBindings = $this->normalizeBindings( $bindings );
+        $newStr = $this->writeQuery( $newSql, $newBindings );
+        $this->output( $newStr );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the max string length for the parameter output in
+     * SQL queries. Set this value to a reasonable number to
+     * keep you SQL queries readable.
+     *
+     * @param integer $len string length
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function setParamStringLength( $len = 20 )
+    {
+        $this->strLen = max(0, $len);
+        return $this;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -420,163 +420,163 @@ 
  */
 interface Driver
 {
-	/**
-	 * Runs a query and fetches results as a multi dimensional array.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function GetAll( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Runs a query and fetches results as a column.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function GetCol( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Runs a query and returns results as a single cell.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function GetOne( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Runs a query and returns results as an associative array
-	 * indexed by the first column.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function GetAssocRow( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Runs a query and returns a flat array containing the values of
-	 * one row.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function GetRow( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Executes SQL code and allows key-value binding.
-	 * This function allows you to provide an array with values to bind
-	 * to query parameters. For instance you can bind values to question
-	 * marks in the query. Each value in the array corresponds to the
-	 * question mark in the query that matches the position of the value in the
-	 * array. You can also bind values using explicit keys, for instance
-	 * array(":key"=>123) will bind the integer 123 to the key :key in the
-	 * SQL. This method has no return value.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return array Affected Rows
-	 */
-	public function Execute( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the latest insert ID if driver does support this
-	 * feature.
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function GetInsertID();
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the number of rows affected by the most recent query
-	 * if the currently selected driver driver supports this feature.
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function Affected_Rows();
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns a cursor-like object from the database.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function GetCursor( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles debug mode. In debug mode the driver will print all
-	 * SQL to the screen together with some information about the
-	 * results.
-	 *
-	 * This method is for more fine-grained control. Normally
-	 * you should use the facade to start the query debugger for
-	 * you. The facade will manage the object wirings necessary
-	 * to use the debugging functionality.
-	 *
-	 * Usage (through facade):
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::debug( TRUE );
-	 * ...rest of program...
-	 * R::debug( FALSE );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above illustrates how to use the RedBeanPHP
-	 * query debugger through the facade.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $trueFalse turn on/off
-	 * @param Logger  $logger    logger instance
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function setDebugMode( $tf, $customLogger );
-
-	/**
-	 * Starts a transaction.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function CommitTrans();
-
-	/**
-	 * Commits a transaction.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function StartTrans();
-
-	/**
-	 * Rolls back a transaction.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function FailTrans();
-
-	/**
-	 * Resets the internal Query Counter.
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function resetCounter();
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the number of SQL queries processed.
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function getQueryCount();
+    /**
+     * Runs a query and fetches results as a multi dimensional array.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function GetAll( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Runs a query and fetches results as a column.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function GetCol( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Runs a query and returns results as a single cell.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function GetOne( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Runs a query and returns results as an associative array
+     * indexed by the first column.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function GetAssocRow( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Runs a query and returns a flat array containing the values of
+     * one row.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function GetRow( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Executes SQL code and allows key-value binding.
+     * This function allows you to provide an array with values to bind
+     * to query parameters. For instance you can bind values to question
+     * marks in the query. Each value in the array corresponds to the
+     * question mark in the query that matches the position of the value in the
+     * array. You can also bind values using explicit keys, for instance
+     * array(":key"=>123) will bind the integer 123 to the key :key in the
+     * SQL. This method has no return value.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return array Affected Rows
+     */
+    public function Execute( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the latest insert ID if driver does support this
+     * feature.
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function GetInsertID();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of rows affected by the most recent query
+     * if the currently selected driver driver supports this feature.
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function Affected_Rows();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a cursor-like object from the database.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings list of values to bind to SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function GetCursor( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles debug mode. In debug mode the driver will print all
+     * SQL to the screen together with some information about the
+     * results.
+     *
+     * This method is for more fine-grained control. Normally
+     * you should use the facade to start the query debugger for
+     * you. The facade will manage the object wirings necessary
+     * to use the debugging functionality.
+     *
+     * Usage (through facade):
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::debug( TRUE );
+     * ...rest of program...
+     * R::debug( FALSE );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above illustrates how to use the RedBeanPHP
+     * query debugger through the facade.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $trueFalse turn on/off
+     * @param Logger  $logger    logger instance
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setDebugMode( $tf, $customLogger );
+
+    /**
+     * Starts a transaction.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function CommitTrans();
+
+    /**
+     * Commits a transaction.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function StartTrans();
+
+    /**
+     * Rolls back a transaction.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function FailTrans();
+
+    /**
+     * Resets the internal Query Counter.
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function resetCounter();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of SQL queries processed.
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function getQueryCount();
 }
 }
 
@@ -608,830 +608,830 @@ 
  */
 class RPDO implements Driver
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var integer
-	 */
-	protected $max;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $dsn;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected $loggingEnabled = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var Logger
-	 */
-	protected $logger = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var PDO
-	 */
-	protected $pdo;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var integer
-	 */
-	protected $affectedRows;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var integer
-	 */
-	protected $resultArray;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $connectInfo = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected $isConnected = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var bool
-	 */
-	protected $flagUseStringOnlyBinding = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var integer
-	 */
-	protected $queryCounter = 0;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $mysqlCharset = '';
+    /**
+     * @var integer
+     */
+    protected $max;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $dsn;
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected $loggingEnabled = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var Logger
+     */
+    protected $logger = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var PDO
+     */
+    protected $pdo;
+
+    /**
+     * @var integer
+     */
+    protected $affectedRows;
+
+    /**
+     * @var integer
+     */
+    protected $resultArray;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $connectInfo = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected $isConnected = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var bool
+     */
+    protected $flagUseStringOnlyBinding = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var integer
+     */
+    protected $queryCounter = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $mysqlCharset = '';
 	
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $mysqlCollate = '';
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected $stringifyFetches = TRUE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $initSQL = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * Binds parameters. This method binds parameters to a PDOStatement for
-	 * Query Execution. This method binds parameters as NULL, INTEGER or STRING
-	 * and supports both named keys and question mark keys.
-	 *
-	 * @param PDOStatement $statement PDO Statement instance
-	 * @param array        $bindings  values that need to get bound to the statement
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function bindParams( $statement, $bindings )
-	{
-		foreach ( $bindings as $key => &$value ) {
-			$k = is_integer( $key ) ? $key + 1 : $key;
-
-			if ( is_array( $value ) && count( $value ) == 2 ) {
-				$paramType = end( $value );
-				$value = reset( $value );
-			} else {
-				$paramType = NULL;
-			}
-
-			if ( is_null( $value ) ) {
-				$statement->bindValue( $k, NULL, \PDO::PARAM_NULL );
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			if ( $paramType != \PDO::PARAM_INT && $paramType != \PDO::PARAM_STR ) {
-				if ( !$this->flagUseStringOnlyBinding && AQueryWriter::canBeTreatedAsInt( $value ) && abs( $value ) <= $this->max ) {
-					$paramType = \PDO::PARAM_INT;
-				} else {
-					$paramType = \PDO::PARAM_STR;
-				}
-			}
-
-			$statement->bindParam( $k, $value, $paramType );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * This method runs the actual SQL query and binds a list of parameters to the query.
-	 * slots. The result of the query will be stored in the protected property
-	 * $rs (always array). The number of rows affected (result of rowcount, if supported by database)
-	 * is stored in protected property $affectedRows. If the debug flag is set
-	 * this function will send debugging output to screen buffer.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      the SQL string to be send to database server
-	 * @param array  $bindings the values that need to get bound to the query slots
-	 * @param array  $options
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 * @throws SQL
-	 */
-	protected function runQuery( $sql, $bindings, $options = array() )
-	{
-		$this->connect();
-		if ( $this->loggingEnabled && $this->logger ) {
-			$this->logger->log( $sql, $bindings );
-		}
-		try {
-			if ( strpos( 'pgsql', $this->dsn ) === 0 ) {
-				//one line because unable to test this otherwise (coverage trick).
-				if ( defined( '\PDO::PGSQL_ATTR_DISABLE_NATIVE_PREPARED_STATEMENT' ) ) { $statement = $this->pdo->prepare( $sql, array( \PDO::PGSQL_ATTR_DISABLE_NATIVE_PREPARED_STATEMENT => TRUE ) ); } else { $statement = $this->pdo->prepare( $sql ); }
-			} else {
-				$statement = $this->pdo->prepare( $sql );
-			}
-			$this->bindParams( $statement, $bindings );
-			$statement->execute();
-			$this->queryCounter ++;
-			$this->affectedRows = $statement->rowCount();
-			if ( $statement->columnCount() ) {
-				$fetchStyle = ( isset( $options['fetchStyle'] ) ) ? $options['fetchStyle'] : NULL;
-				if ( isset( $options['noFetch'] ) && $options['noFetch'] ) {
-					$this->resultArray = array();
-					return $statement;
-				}
-				$this->resultArray = $statement->fetchAll( $fetchStyle );
-				if ( $this->loggingEnabled && $this->logger ) {
-					$this->logger->log( 'resultset: ' . count( $this->resultArray ) . ' rows' );
-				}
-			} else {
-				$this->resultArray = array();
-			}
-		} catch ( \PDOException $e ) {
-			//Unfortunately the code field is supposed to be int by default (php)
-			//So we need a property to convey the SQL State code.
-			$err = $e->getMessage();
-			if ( $this->loggingEnabled && $this->logger ) $this->logger->log( 'An error occurred: ' . $err );
-			$exception = new SQL( $err, 0, $e );
-			$exception->setSQLState( $e->getCode() );
-			$exception->setDriverDetails( $e->errorInfo );
-			throw $exception;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Try to fix MySQL character encoding problems.
-	 * MySQL < 5.5.3 does not support proper 4 byte unicode but they
-	 * seem to have added it with version 5.5.3 under a different label: utf8mb4.
-	 * We try to select the best possible charset based on your version data.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function setEncoding()
-	{
-		$driver = $this->pdo->getAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME );
-		if ($driver === 'mysql') {
-			$charset = $this->hasCap( 'utf8mb4' ) ? 'utf8mb4' : 'utf8';
-			$collate = $this->hasCap( 'utf8mb4_520' ) ? '_unicode_520_ci' : '_unicode_ci';
-			$this->pdo->setAttribute(\PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND, 'SET NAMES '. $charset ); //on every re-connect
-			/* #624 removed space before SET NAMES because it causes trouble with ProxySQL */
-			$this->pdo->exec('SET NAMES '. $charset); //also for current connection
-			$this->mysqlCharset = $charset;
-			$this->mysqlCollate = $charset . $collate;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Determine if a database supports a particular feature.
-	 * Currently this function can be used to detect the following features:
-	 *
-	 * - utf8mb4
-	 * - utf8mb4 520
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $this->hasCap( 'utf8mb4_520' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * By default, RedBeanPHP uses this method under the hood to make sure
-	 * you use the latest UTF8 encoding possible for your database.
-	 *
-	 * @param $db_cap identifier of database capability
-	 *
-	 * @return int|false Whether the database feature is supported, FALSE otherwise.
-	 **/
-	protected function hasCap( $db_cap )
-	{
-		$compare = FALSE;
-		$version = $this->pdo->getAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION );
-		switch ( strtolower( $db_cap ) ) {
-			case 'utf8mb4':
-				//oneliner, to boost code coverage (coverage does not span versions)
-				if ( version_compare( $version, '5.5.3', '<' ) ) { return FALSE; }
-				$client_version = $this->pdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_CLIENT_VERSION );
-				/*
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $mysqlCollate = '';
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected $stringifyFetches = TRUE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $initSQL = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * Binds parameters. This method binds parameters to a PDOStatement for
+     * Query Execution. This method binds parameters as NULL, INTEGER or STRING
+     * and supports both named keys and question mark keys.
+     *
+     * @param PDOStatement $statement PDO Statement instance
+     * @param array        $bindings  values that need to get bound to the statement
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function bindParams( $statement, $bindings )
+    {
+        foreach ( $bindings as $key => &$value ) {
+            $k = is_integer( $key ) ? $key + 1 : $key;
+
+            if ( is_array( $value ) && count( $value ) == 2 ) {
+                $paramType = end( $value );
+                $value = reset( $value );
+            } else {
+                $paramType = NULL;
+            }
+
+            if ( is_null( $value ) ) {
+                $statement->bindValue( $k, NULL, \PDO::PARAM_NULL );
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ( $paramType != \PDO::PARAM_INT && $paramType != \PDO::PARAM_STR ) {
+                if ( !$this->flagUseStringOnlyBinding && AQueryWriter::canBeTreatedAsInt( $value ) && abs( $value ) <= $this->max ) {
+                    $paramType = \PDO::PARAM_INT;
+                } else {
+                    $paramType = \PDO::PARAM_STR;
+                }
+            }
+
+            $statement->bindParam( $k, $value, $paramType );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method runs the actual SQL query and binds a list of parameters to the query.
+     * slots. The result of the query will be stored in the protected property
+     * $rs (always array). The number of rows affected (result of rowcount, if supported by database)
+     * is stored in protected property $affectedRows. If the debug flag is set
+     * this function will send debugging output to screen buffer.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      the SQL string to be send to database server
+     * @param array  $bindings the values that need to get bound to the query slots
+     * @param array  $options
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     * @throws SQL
+     */
+    protected function runQuery( $sql, $bindings, $options = array() )
+    {
+        $this->connect();
+        if ( $this->loggingEnabled && $this->logger ) {
+            $this->logger->log( $sql, $bindings );
+        }
+        try {
+            if ( strpos( 'pgsql', $this->dsn ) === 0 ) {
+                //one line because unable to test this otherwise (coverage trick).
+                if ( defined( '\PDO::PGSQL_ATTR_DISABLE_NATIVE_PREPARED_STATEMENT' ) ) { $statement = $this->pdo->prepare( $sql, array( \PDO::PGSQL_ATTR_DISABLE_NATIVE_PREPARED_STATEMENT => TRUE ) ); } else { $statement = $this->pdo->prepare( $sql ); }
+            } else {
+                $statement = $this->pdo->prepare( $sql );
+            }
+            $this->bindParams( $statement, $bindings );
+            $statement->execute();
+            $this->queryCounter ++;
+            $this->affectedRows = $statement->rowCount();
+            if ( $statement->columnCount() ) {
+                $fetchStyle = ( isset( $options['fetchStyle'] ) ) ? $options['fetchStyle'] : NULL;
+                if ( isset( $options['noFetch'] ) && $options['noFetch'] ) {
+                    $this->resultArray = array();
+                    return $statement;
+                }
+                $this->resultArray = $statement->fetchAll( $fetchStyle );
+                if ( $this->loggingEnabled && $this->logger ) {
+                    $this->logger->log( 'resultset: ' . count( $this->resultArray ) . ' rows' );
+                }
+            } else {
+                $this->resultArray = array();
+            }
+        } catch ( \PDOException $e ) {
+            //Unfortunately the code field is supposed to be int by default (php)
+            //So we need a property to convey the SQL State code.
+            $err = $e->getMessage();
+            if ( $this->loggingEnabled && $this->logger ) $this->logger->log( 'An error occurred: ' . $err );
+            $exception = new SQL( $err, 0, $e );
+            $exception->setSQLState( $e->getCode() );
+            $exception->setDriverDetails( $e->errorInfo );
+            throw $exception;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to fix MySQL character encoding problems.
+     * MySQL < 5.5.3 does not support proper 4 byte unicode but they
+     * seem to have added it with version 5.5.3 under a different label: utf8mb4.
+     * We try to select the best possible charset based on your version data.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function setEncoding()
+    {
+        $driver = $this->pdo->getAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME );
+        if ($driver === 'mysql') {
+            $charset = $this->hasCap( 'utf8mb4' ) ? 'utf8mb4' : 'utf8';
+            $collate = $this->hasCap( 'utf8mb4_520' ) ? '_unicode_520_ci' : '_unicode_ci';
+            $this->pdo->setAttribute(\PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND, 'SET NAMES '. $charset ); //on every re-connect
+            /* #624 removed space before SET NAMES because it causes trouble with ProxySQL */
+            $this->pdo->exec('SET NAMES '. $charset); //also for current connection
+            $this->mysqlCharset = $charset;
+            $this->mysqlCollate = $charset . $collate;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine if a database supports a particular feature.
+     * Currently this function can be used to detect the following features:
+     *
+     * - utf8mb4
+     * - utf8mb4 520
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $this->hasCap( 'utf8mb4_520' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * By default, RedBeanPHP uses this method under the hood to make sure
+     * you use the latest UTF8 encoding possible for your database.
+     *
+     * @param $db_cap identifier of database capability
+     *
+     * @return int|false Whether the database feature is supported, FALSE otherwise.
+     **/
+    protected function hasCap( $db_cap )
+    {
+        $compare = FALSE;
+        $version = $this->pdo->getAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION );
+        switch ( strtolower( $db_cap ) ) {
+            case 'utf8mb4':
+                //oneliner, to boost code coverage (coverage does not span versions)
+                if ( version_compare( $version, '5.5.3', '<' ) ) { return FALSE; }
+                $client_version = $this->pdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_CLIENT_VERSION );
+                /*
 				 * libmysql has supported utf8mb4 since 5.5.3, same as the MySQL server.
 				 * mysqlnd has supported utf8mb4 since 5.0.9.
 				 */
-				if ( strpos( $client_version, 'mysqlnd' ) !== FALSE ) {
-					$client_version = preg_replace( '/^\D+([\d.]+).*/', '$1', $client_version );
-					$compare = version_compare( $client_version, '5.0.9', '>=' );
-				} else {
-					$compare = version_compare( $client_version, '5.5.3', '>=' );
-				}
-			break;
-			case 'utf8mb4_520':
-				$compare = version_compare( $version, '5.6', '>=' );
-			break;
-		}
-
-		return $compare;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor. You may either specify dsn, user and password or
-	 * just give an existing PDO connection.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $driver = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $password );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above illustrates how to create a driver
-	 * instance from a database connection string (dsn), a username
-	 * and a password. It's also possible to pass a PDO object.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $driver = new RPDO( $existingConnection );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The second example shows how to create an RPDO instance
-	 * from an existing PDO object.
-	 *
-	 * @param string|object $dsn  database connection string
-	 * @param string        $user optional, usename to sign in
-	 * @param string        $pass optional, password for connection login
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function __construct( $dsn, $user = NULL, $pass = NULL )
-	{
-		if ( is_object( $dsn ) ) {
-			$this->pdo = $dsn;
-			$this->isConnected = TRUE;
-			$this->setEncoding();
-			$this->pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE,\PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION );
-			$this->pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE,\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC );
-			// make sure that the dsn at least contains the type
-			$this->dsn = $this->getDatabaseType();
-		} else {
-			$this->dsn = $dsn;
-			$this->connectInfo = array( 'pass' => $pass, 'user' => $user );
-		}
-
-		//PHP 5.3 PDO SQLite has a bug with large numbers:
-		if ( ( strpos( $this->dsn, 'sqlite' ) === 0 && PHP_MAJOR_VERSION === 5 && PHP_MINOR_VERSION === 3 ) ||  defined('HHVM_VERSION') || $this->dsn === 'test-sqlite-53' ) {
-			$this->max = 2147483647; //otherwise you get -2147483648 ?! demonstrated in build #603 on Travis.
-		} elseif ( strpos( $this->dsn, 'cubrid' ) === 0 ) {
-			$this->max = 2147483647; //bindParam in pdo_cubrid also fails...
-		} else {
-			$this->max = PHP_INT_MAX; //the normal value of course (makes it possible to use large numbers in LIMIT clause)
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets PDO in stringify fetch mode.
-	 * If set to TRUE, this method will make sure all data retrieved from
-	 * the database will be fetched as a string. Default: TRUE.
-	 *
-	 * To set it to FALSE...
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->stringifyFetches( FALSE );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Important!
-	 * Note, this method only works if you set the value BEFORE the connection
-	 * has been establish. Also, this setting ONLY works with SOME drivers.
-	 * It's up to the driver to honour this setting.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $bool
-	 */
-	public function stringifyFetches( $bool ) {
-		$this->stringifyFetches = $bool;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the best possible encoding for MySQL based on version data.
-	 * This method can be used to obtain the best character set parameters
-	 * possible for your database when constructing a table creation query
-	 * containing clauses like:  CHARSET=... COLLATE=...
-	 * This is a MySQL-specific method and not part of the driver interface.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $charset_collate = $this->adapter->getDatabase()->getMysqlEncoding( TRUE );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $retCol pass TRUE to return both charset/collate
-	 *
-	 * @return string|array
-	 */
-	public function getMysqlEncoding( $retCol = FALSE )
-	{
-		if( $retCol )
-			return array( 'charset' => $this->mysqlCharset, 'collate' => $this->mysqlCollate );
-		return $this->mysqlCharset;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Whether to bind all parameters as strings.
-	 * If set to TRUE this will cause all integers to be bound as STRINGS.
-	 * This will NOT affect NULL values.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $yesNo pass TRUE to bind all parameters as strings.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function setUseStringOnlyBinding( $yesNo )
-	{
-		$this->flagUseStringOnlyBinding = (boolean) $yesNo;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the maximum value to be bound as integer, normally
-	 * this value equals PHP's MAX INT constant, however sometimes
-	 * PDO driver bindings cannot bind large integers as integers.
-	 * This method allows you to manually set the max integer binding
-	 * value to manage portability/compatibility issues among different
-	 * PHP builds. This method will return the old value.
-	 *
-	 * @param integer $max maximum value for integer bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function setMaxIntBind( $max )
-	{
-		if ( !is_integer( $max ) ) throw new RedException( 'Parameter has to be integer.' );
-		$oldMax = $this->max;
-		$this->max = $max;
-		return $oldMax;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Establishes a connection to the database using PHP\PDO
-	 * functionality. If a connection has already been established this
-	 * method will simply return directly. This method also turns on
-	 * UTF8 for the database and PDO-ERRMODE-EXCEPTION as well as
-	 * PDO-FETCH-ASSOC.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function connect()
-	{
-		if ( $this->isConnected ) return;
-		try {
-			$user = $this->connectInfo['user'];
-			$pass = $this->connectInfo['pass'];
-			$this->pdo = new \PDO( $this->dsn, $user, $pass );
-			$this->setEncoding();
-			$this->pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES, $this->stringifyFetches );
-			//cant pass these as argument to constructor, CUBRID driver does not understand...
-			$this->pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION );
-			$this->pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE, \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC );
-			$this->isConnected = TRUE;
-			/* run initialisation query if any */
-			if ( $this->initSQL !== NULL ) {
-				$this->Execute( $this->initSQL );
-				$this->initSQL = NULL;
-			}
-		} catch ( \PDOException $exception ) {
-			$matches = array();
-			$dbname  = ( preg_match( '/dbname=(\w+)/', $this->dsn, $matches ) ) ? $matches[1] : '?';
-			throw new \PDOException( 'Could not connect to database (' . $dbname . ').', $exception->getCode() );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Directly sets PDO instance into driver.
-	 * This method might improve performance, however since the driver does
-	 * not configure this instance terrible things may happen... only use
-	 * this method if you are an expert on RedBeanPHP, PDO and UTF8 connections and
-	 * you know your database server VERY WELL.
-	 *
-	 * @param PDO $pdo PDO instance
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function setPDO( \PDO $pdo ) {
-		$this->pdo = $pdo;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::GetAll
-	 */
-	public function GetAll( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$this->runQuery( $sql, $bindings );
-		return $this->resultArray;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::GetAssocRow
-	 */
-	public function GetAssocRow( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$this->runQuery( $sql, $bindings, array(
-				'fetchStyle' => \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC
-			)
-		);
-		return $this->resultArray;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::GetCol
-	 */
-	public function GetCol( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$rows = $this->GetAll( $sql, $bindings );
-
-		if ( empty( $rows ) || !is_array( $rows ) ) {
-			return array();
-		}
-
-		$cols = array();
-		foreach ( $rows as $row ) {
-			$cols[] = reset( $row );
-		}
-
-		return $cols;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::GetOne
-	 */
-	public function GetOne( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$arr = $this->GetAll( $sql, $bindings );
-
-		if ( empty( $arr[0] ) || !is_array( $arr[0] ) ) {
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		return reset( $arr[0] );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Alias for getOne().
-	 * Backward compatibility.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL
-	 * @param array  $bindings bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function GetCell( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return $this->GetOne( $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::GetRow
-	 */
-	public function GetRow( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$arr = $this->GetAll( $sql, $bindings );
-		return reset( $arr );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::Excecute
-	 */
-	public function Execute( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$this->runQuery( $sql, $bindings );
-		return $this->affectedRows;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::GetInsertID
-	 */
-	public function GetInsertID()
-	{
-		$this->connect();
-
-		return (int) $this->pdo->lastInsertId();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::GetCursor
-	 */
-	public function GetCursor( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$statement = $this->runQuery( $sql, $bindings, array( 'noFetch' => TRUE ) );
-		$cursor = new PDOCursor( $statement, \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC );
-		return $cursor;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::Affected_Rows
-	 */
-	public function Affected_Rows()
-	{
-		$this->connect();
-		return (int) $this->affectedRows;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::setDebugMode
-	 */
-	public function setDebugMode( $tf, $logger = NULL )
-	{
-		$this->connect();
-		$this->loggingEnabled = (bool) $tf;
-		if ( $this->loggingEnabled and !$logger ) {
-			$logger = new RDefault();
-		}
-		$this->setLogger( $logger );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Injects Logger object.
-	 * Sets the logger instance you wish to use.
-	 *
-	 * This method is for more fine-grained control. Normally
-	 * you should use the facade to start the query debugger for
-	 * you. The facade will manage the object wirings necessary
-	 * to use the debugging functionality.
-	 *
-	 * Usage (through facade):
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::debug( TRUE );
-	 * ...rest of program...
-	 * R::debug( FALSE );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above illustrates how to use the RedBeanPHP
-	 * query debugger through the facade.
-	 *
-	 * @param Logger $logger the logger instance to be used for logging
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function setLogger( Logger $logger )
-	{
-		$this->logger = $logger;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets Logger object.
-	 * Returns the currently active Logger instance.
-	 *
-	 * @return Logger
-	 */
-	public function getLogger()
-	{
-		return $this->logger;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::StartTrans
-	 */
-	public function StartTrans()
-	{
-		$this->connect();
-		$this->pdo->beginTransaction();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::CommitTrans
-	 */
-	public function CommitTrans()
-	{
-		$this->connect();
-		$this->pdo->commit();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Driver::FailTrans
-	 */
-	public function FailTrans()
-	{
-		$this->connect();
-		$this->pdo->rollback();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the name of database driver for PDO.
-	 * Uses the PDO attribute DRIVER NAME to obtain the name of the
-	 * PDO driver. Use this method to identify the current PDO driver
-	 * used to provide access to the database. Example of a database
-	 * driver string:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * mysql
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * echo R::getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->getDatabaseType();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above prints the current database driver string to
-	 * stdout.
-	 *
-	 * Note that this is a driver-specific method, not part of the
-	 * driver interface. This method might not be available in other
-	 * drivers since it relies on PDO.
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function getDatabaseType()
-	{
-		$this->connect();
-		return $this->pdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the version identifier string of the database.
-	 * This method can be used to identify the currently installed
-	 * database. Note that this method will also establish a connection
-	 * (because this is required to obtain the version information).
-	 *
-	 * Example of a version string:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * mysqlnd 5.0.12-dev - 20150407 - $Id: b5c5906d452ec590732a93b051f3827e02749b83 $
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * echo R::getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->getDatabaseVersion();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above will print the version string to stdout.
-	 *
-	 * Note that this is a driver-specific method, not part of the
-	 * driver interface. This method might not be available in other
-	 * drivers since it relies on PDO.
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function getDatabaseVersion()
-	{
-		$this->connect();
-		return $this->pdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_CLIENT_VERSION );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the underlying PHP PDO instance.
-	 * For some low-level database operations you'll need access to the PDO
-	 * object. Not that this method is only available in RPDO and other
-	 * PDO based database drivers for RedBeanPHP. Other drivers may not have
-	 * a method like this. The following example demonstrates how to obtain
-	 * a reference to the PDO instance from the facade:
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $pdo = R::getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->getPDO();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @return PDO
-	 */
-	public function getPDO()
-	{
-		$this->connect();
-		return $this->pdo;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Closes the database connection.
-	 * While database connections are closed automatically at the end of the PHP script,
-	 * closing database connections is generally recommended to improve performance.
-	 * Closing a database connection will immediately return the resources to PHP.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::setup( ... );
-	 * ... do stuff ...
-	 * R::close();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function close()
-	{
-		$this->pdo         = NULL;
-		$this->isConnected = FALSE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns TRUE if the current PDO instance is connected.
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function isConnected()
-	{
-		return $this->isConnected && $this->pdo;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles logging, enables or disables logging.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $enable TRUE to enable logging
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function setEnableLogging( $enable )
-	{
-		$this->loggingEnabled = (boolean) $enable;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Resets the query counter.
-	 * The query counter can be used to monitor the number
-	 * of database queries that have
-	 * been processed according to the database driver. You can use this
-	 * to monitor the number of queries required to render a page.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::resetQueryCount();
-	 * echo R::getQueryCount() . ' queries processed.';
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function resetCounter()
-	{
-		$this->queryCounter = 0;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the number of SQL queries processed.
-	 * This method returns the number of database queries that have
-	 * been processed according to the database driver. You can use this
-	 * to monitor the number of queries required to render a page.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * echo R::getQueryCount() . ' queries processed.';
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function getQueryCount()
-	{
-		return $this->queryCounter;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the maximum value treated as integer parameter
-	 * binding.
-	 *
-	 * This method is mainly for testing purposes but it can help
-	 * you solve some issues relating to integer bindings.
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function getIntegerBindingMax()
-	{
-		return $this->max;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets a query to be executed upon connecting to the database.
-	 * This method provides an opportunity to configure the connection
-	 * to a database through an SQL-based interface. Objects can provide
-	 * an SQL string to be executed upon establishing a connection to
-	 * the database. This has been used to solve issues with default
-	 * foreign key settings in SQLite3 for instance, see Github issues:
-	 * #545 and #548.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql SQL query to run upon connecting to database
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function setInitQuery( $sql ) {
-		$this->initSQL = $sql;
-		return $this;
-	}
+                if ( strpos( $client_version, 'mysqlnd' ) !== FALSE ) {
+                    $client_version = preg_replace( '/^\D+([\d.]+).*/', '$1', $client_version );
+                    $compare = version_compare( $client_version, '5.0.9', '>=' );
+                } else {
+                    $compare = version_compare( $client_version, '5.5.3', '>=' );
+                }
+            break;
+            case 'utf8mb4_520':
+                $compare = version_compare( $version, '5.6', '>=' );
+            break;
+        }
+
+        return $compare;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor. You may either specify dsn, user and password or
+     * just give an existing PDO connection.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $driver = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $password );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above illustrates how to create a driver
+     * instance from a database connection string (dsn), a username
+     * and a password. It's also possible to pass a PDO object.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $driver = new RPDO( $existingConnection );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The second example shows how to create an RPDO instance
+     * from an existing PDO object.
+     *
+     * @param string|object $dsn  database connection string
+     * @param string        $user optional, usename to sign in
+     * @param string        $pass optional, password for connection login
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct( $dsn, $user = NULL, $pass = NULL )
+    {
+        if ( is_object( $dsn ) ) {
+            $this->pdo = $dsn;
+            $this->isConnected = TRUE;
+            $this->setEncoding();
+            $this->pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE,\PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION );
+            $this->pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE,\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC );
+            // make sure that the dsn at least contains the type
+            $this->dsn = $this->getDatabaseType();
+        } else {
+            $this->dsn = $dsn;
+            $this->connectInfo = array( 'pass' => $pass, 'user' => $user );
+        }
+
+        //PHP 5.3 PDO SQLite has a bug with large numbers:
+        if ( ( strpos( $this->dsn, 'sqlite' ) === 0 && PHP_MAJOR_VERSION === 5 && PHP_MINOR_VERSION === 3 ) ||  defined('HHVM_VERSION') || $this->dsn === 'test-sqlite-53' ) {
+            $this->max = 2147483647; //otherwise you get -2147483648 ?! demonstrated in build #603 on Travis.
+        } elseif ( strpos( $this->dsn, 'cubrid' ) === 0 ) {
+            $this->max = 2147483647; //bindParam in pdo_cubrid also fails...
+        } else {
+            $this->max = PHP_INT_MAX; //the normal value of course (makes it possible to use large numbers in LIMIT clause)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets PDO in stringify fetch mode.
+     * If set to TRUE, this method will make sure all data retrieved from
+     * the database will be fetched as a string. Default: TRUE.
+     *
+     * To set it to FALSE...
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->stringifyFetches( FALSE );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Important!
+     * Note, this method only works if you set the value BEFORE the connection
+     * has been establish. Also, this setting ONLY works with SOME drivers.
+     * It's up to the driver to honour this setting.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $bool
+     */
+    public function stringifyFetches( $bool ) {
+        $this->stringifyFetches = $bool;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the best possible encoding for MySQL based on version data.
+     * This method can be used to obtain the best character set parameters
+     * possible for your database when constructing a table creation query
+     * containing clauses like:  CHARSET=... COLLATE=...
+     * This is a MySQL-specific method and not part of the driver interface.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $charset_collate = $this->adapter->getDatabase()->getMysqlEncoding( TRUE );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param boolean $retCol pass TRUE to return both charset/collate
+     *
+     * @return string|array
+     */
+    public function getMysqlEncoding( $retCol = FALSE )
+    {
+        if( $retCol )
+            return array( 'charset' => $this->mysqlCharset, 'collate' => $this->mysqlCollate );
+        return $this->mysqlCharset;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to bind all parameters as strings.
+     * If set to TRUE this will cause all integers to be bound as STRINGS.
+     * This will NOT affect NULL values.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $yesNo pass TRUE to bind all parameters as strings.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setUseStringOnlyBinding( $yesNo )
+    {
+        $this->flagUseStringOnlyBinding = (boolean) $yesNo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the maximum value to be bound as integer, normally
+     * this value equals PHP's MAX INT constant, however sometimes
+     * PDO driver bindings cannot bind large integers as integers.
+     * This method allows you to manually set the max integer binding
+     * value to manage portability/compatibility issues among different
+     * PHP builds. This method will return the old value.
+     *
+     * @param integer $max maximum value for integer bindings
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function setMaxIntBind( $max )
+    {
+        if ( !is_integer( $max ) ) throw new RedException( 'Parameter has to be integer.' );
+        $oldMax = $this->max;
+        $this->max = $max;
+        return $oldMax;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Establishes a connection to the database using PHP\PDO
+     * functionality. If a connection has already been established this
+     * method will simply return directly. This method also turns on
+     * UTF8 for the database and PDO-ERRMODE-EXCEPTION as well as
+     * PDO-FETCH-ASSOC.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function connect()
+    {
+        if ( $this->isConnected ) return;
+        try {
+            $user = $this->connectInfo['user'];
+            $pass = $this->connectInfo['pass'];
+            $this->pdo = new \PDO( $this->dsn, $user, $pass );
+            $this->setEncoding();
+            $this->pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES, $this->stringifyFetches );
+            //cant pass these as argument to constructor, CUBRID driver does not understand...
+            $this->pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION );
+            $this->pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE, \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC );
+            $this->isConnected = TRUE;
+            /* run initialisation query if any */
+            if ( $this->initSQL !== NULL ) {
+                $this->Execute( $this->initSQL );
+                $this->initSQL = NULL;
+            }
+        } catch ( \PDOException $exception ) {
+            $matches = array();
+            $dbname  = ( preg_match( '/dbname=(\w+)/', $this->dsn, $matches ) ) ? $matches[1] : '?';
+            throw new \PDOException( 'Could not connect to database (' . $dbname . ').', $exception->getCode() );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Directly sets PDO instance into driver.
+     * This method might improve performance, however since the driver does
+     * not configure this instance terrible things may happen... only use
+     * this method if you are an expert on RedBeanPHP, PDO and UTF8 connections and
+     * you know your database server VERY WELL.
+     *
+     * @param PDO $pdo PDO instance
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setPDO( \PDO $pdo ) {
+        $this->pdo = $pdo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::GetAll
+     */
+    public function GetAll( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $this->runQuery( $sql, $bindings );
+        return $this->resultArray;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::GetAssocRow
+     */
+    public function GetAssocRow( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $this->runQuery( $sql, $bindings, array(
+                'fetchStyle' => \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC
+            )
+        );
+        return $this->resultArray;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::GetCol
+     */
+    public function GetCol( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $rows = $this->GetAll( $sql, $bindings );
+
+        if ( empty( $rows ) || !is_array( $rows ) ) {
+            return array();
+        }
+
+        $cols = array();
+        foreach ( $rows as $row ) {
+            $cols[] = reset( $row );
+        }
+
+        return $cols;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::GetOne
+     */
+    public function GetOne( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $arr = $this->GetAll( $sql, $bindings );
+
+        if ( empty( $arr[0] ) || !is_array( $arr[0] ) ) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return reset( $arr[0] );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Alias for getOne().
+     * Backward compatibility.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL
+     * @param array  $bindings bindings
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function GetCell( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return $this->GetOne( $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::GetRow
+     */
+    public function GetRow( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $arr = $this->GetAll( $sql, $bindings );
+        return reset( $arr );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::Excecute
+     */
+    public function Execute( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $this->runQuery( $sql, $bindings );
+        return $this->affectedRows;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::GetInsertID
+     */
+    public function GetInsertID()
+    {
+        $this->connect();
+
+        return (int) $this->pdo->lastInsertId();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::GetCursor
+     */
+    public function GetCursor( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $statement = $this->runQuery( $sql, $bindings, array( 'noFetch' => TRUE ) );
+        $cursor = new PDOCursor( $statement, \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC );
+        return $cursor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::Affected_Rows
+     */
+    public function Affected_Rows()
+    {
+        $this->connect();
+        return (int) $this->affectedRows;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::setDebugMode
+     */
+    public function setDebugMode( $tf, $logger = NULL )
+    {
+        $this->connect();
+        $this->loggingEnabled = (bool) $tf;
+        if ( $this->loggingEnabled and !$logger ) {
+            $logger = new RDefault();
+        }
+        $this->setLogger( $logger );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Injects Logger object.
+     * Sets the logger instance you wish to use.
+     *
+     * This method is for more fine-grained control. Normally
+     * you should use the facade to start the query debugger for
+     * you. The facade will manage the object wirings necessary
+     * to use the debugging functionality.
+     *
+     * Usage (through facade):
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::debug( TRUE );
+     * ...rest of program...
+     * R::debug( FALSE );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above illustrates how to use the RedBeanPHP
+     * query debugger through the facade.
+     *
+     * @param Logger $logger the logger instance to be used for logging
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function setLogger( Logger $logger )
+    {
+        $this->logger = $logger;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets Logger object.
+     * Returns the currently active Logger instance.
+     *
+     * @return Logger
+     */
+    public function getLogger()
+    {
+        return $this->logger;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::StartTrans
+     */
+    public function StartTrans()
+    {
+        $this->connect();
+        $this->pdo->beginTransaction();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::CommitTrans
+     */
+    public function CommitTrans()
+    {
+        $this->connect();
+        $this->pdo->commit();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Driver::FailTrans
+     */
+    public function FailTrans()
+    {
+        $this->connect();
+        $this->pdo->rollback();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the name of database driver for PDO.
+     * Uses the PDO attribute DRIVER NAME to obtain the name of the
+     * PDO driver. Use this method to identify the current PDO driver
+     * used to provide access to the database. Example of a database
+     * driver string:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * mysql
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * echo R::getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->getDatabaseType();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above prints the current database driver string to
+     * stdout.
+     *
+     * Note that this is a driver-specific method, not part of the
+     * driver interface. This method might not be available in other
+     * drivers since it relies on PDO.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getDatabaseType()
+    {
+        $this->connect();
+        return $this->pdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the version identifier string of the database.
+     * This method can be used to identify the currently installed
+     * database. Note that this method will also establish a connection
+     * (because this is required to obtain the version information).
+     *
+     * Example of a version string:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * mysqlnd 5.0.12-dev - 20150407 - $Id: b5c5906d452ec590732a93b051f3827e02749b83 $
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * echo R::getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->getDatabaseVersion();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above will print the version string to stdout.
+     *
+     * Note that this is a driver-specific method, not part of the
+     * driver interface. This method might not be available in other
+     * drivers since it relies on PDO.
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function getDatabaseVersion()
+    {
+        $this->connect();
+        return $this->pdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_CLIENT_VERSION );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the underlying PHP PDO instance.
+     * For some low-level database operations you'll need access to the PDO
+     * object. Not that this method is only available in RPDO and other
+     * PDO based database drivers for RedBeanPHP. Other drivers may not have
+     * a method like this. The following example demonstrates how to obtain
+     * a reference to the PDO instance from the facade:
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $pdo = R::getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->getPDO();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @return PDO
+     */
+    public function getPDO()
+    {
+        $this->connect();
+        return $this->pdo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the database connection.
+     * While database connections are closed automatically at the end of the PHP script,
+     * closing database connections is generally recommended to improve performance.
+     * Closing a database connection will immediately return the resources to PHP.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::setup( ... );
+     * ... do stuff ...
+     * R::close();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function close()
+    {
+        $this->pdo         = NULL;
+        $this->isConnected = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns TRUE if the current PDO instance is connected.
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function isConnected()
+    {
+        return $this->isConnected && $this->pdo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles logging, enables or disables logging.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $enable TRUE to enable logging
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function setEnableLogging( $enable )
+    {
+        $this->loggingEnabled = (boolean) $enable;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resets the query counter.
+     * The query counter can be used to monitor the number
+     * of database queries that have
+     * been processed according to the database driver. You can use this
+     * to monitor the number of queries required to render a page.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::resetQueryCount();
+     * echo R::getQueryCount() . ' queries processed.';
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function resetCounter()
+    {
+        $this->queryCounter = 0;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of SQL queries processed.
+     * This method returns the number of database queries that have
+     * been processed according to the database driver. You can use this
+     * to monitor the number of queries required to render a page.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * echo R::getQueryCount() . ' queries processed.';
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function getQueryCount()
+    {
+        return $this->queryCounter;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the maximum value treated as integer parameter
+     * binding.
+     *
+     * This method is mainly for testing purposes but it can help
+     * you solve some issues relating to integer bindings.
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function getIntegerBindingMax()
+    {
+        return $this->max;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a query to be executed upon connecting to the database.
+     * This method provides an opportunity to configure the connection
+     * to a database through an SQL-based interface. Objects can provide
+     * an SQL string to be executed upon establishing a connection to
+     * the database. This has been used to solve issues with default
+     * foreign key settings in SQLite3 for instance, see Github issues:
+     * #545 and #548.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql SQL query to run upon connecting to database
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function setInitQuery( $sql ) {
+        $this->initSQL = $sql;
+        return $this;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -1467,2273 +1467,2273 @@ 
  */
 class OODBBean implements\IteratorAggregate,\ArrayAccess,\Countable,Jsonable
 {
-	/**
-	 * FUSE error modes.
-	 */
-	const C_ERR_IGNORE    = FALSE;
-	const C_ERR_LOG       = 1;
-	const C_ERR_NOTICE    = 2;
-	const C_ERR_WARN      = 3;
-	const C_ERR_EXCEPTION = 4;
-	const C_ERR_FUNC      = 5;
-	const C_ERR_FATAL     = 6;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected static $convertArraysToJSON = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected static $errorHandlingFUSE = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var callable|NULL
-	 */
-	protected static $errorHandler = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected static $aliases = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected static $autoResolve = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * If this is set to TRUE, the __toString function will
-	 * encode all properties as UTF-8 to repair invalid UTF-8
-	 * encodings and prevent exceptions (which are uncatchable from within
-	 * a __toString-function).
-	 *
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected static $enforceUTF8encoding = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * This is where the real properties of the bean live. They are stored and retrieved
-	 * by the magic getter and setter (__get and __set).
-	 *
-	 * @var array $properties
-	 */
-	protected $properties = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * Here we keep the meta data of a bean.
-	 *
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $__info = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * The BeanHelper allows the bean to access the toolbox objects to implement
-	 * rich functionality, otherwise you would have to do everything with R or
-	 * external objects.
-	 *
-	 * @var BeanHelper
-	 */
-	protected $beanHelper = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var null
-	 */
-	protected $fetchType = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $withSql = '';
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $withParams = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $aliasName = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $via = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected $noLoad = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected $all = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * If this is set to TRUE, the __toString function will
-	 * encode all properties as UTF-8 to repair invalid UTF-8
-	 * encodings and prevent exceptions (which are uncatchable from within
-	 * a __toString-function).
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $toggle TRUE to enforce UTF-8 encoding (slower)
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	 public static function setEnforceUTF8encoding( $toggle )
-	 {
-		 self::$enforceUTF8encoding = (boolean) $toggle;
-	 }
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the error mode for FUSE.
-	 * What to do if a FUSE model method does not exist?
-	 * You can set the following options:
-	 *
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_IGNORE (default), ignores the call, returns NULL
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_LOG, logs the incident using error_log
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_NOTICE, triggers a E_USER_NOTICE
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_WARN, triggers a E_USER_WARNING
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_EXCEPTION, throws an exception
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_FUNC, allows you to specify a custom handler (function)
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_FATAL, triggers a E_USER_ERROR
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * Custom handler method signature: handler( array (
-	 * 	'message' => string
-	 * 	'bean' => OODBBean
-	 * 	'method' => string
-	 * ) )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This method returns the old mode and handler as an array.
-	 *
-	 * @param integer       $mode error handling mode
-	 * @param callable|NULL $func custom handler
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function setErrorHandlingFUSE($mode, $func = NULL) {
-		if (
-			   $mode !== self::C_ERR_IGNORE
-			&& $mode !== self::C_ERR_LOG
-			&& $mode !== self::C_ERR_NOTICE
-			&& $mode !== self::C_ERR_WARN
-			&& $mode !== self::C_ERR_EXCEPTION
-			&& $mode !== self::C_ERR_FUNC
-			&& $mode !== self::C_ERR_FATAL
-		) throw new \Exception( 'Invalid error mode selected' );
-
-		if ( $mode === self::C_ERR_FUNC && !is_callable( $func ) ) {
-			throw new \Exception( 'Invalid error handler' );
-		}
-
-		$old = array( self::$errorHandlingFUSE, self::$errorHandler );
-		self::$errorHandlingFUSE = $mode;
-		if ( is_callable( $func ) ) {
-			self::$errorHandler = $func;
-		} else {
-			self::$errorHandler = NULL;
-		}
-		return $old;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles array to JSON conversion. If set to TRUE any array
-	 * set to a bean property that's not a list will be turned into
-	 * a JSON string. Used together with AQueryWriter::useJSONColumns this
-	 * extends the data type support for JSON columns. Returns the previous
-	 * value of the flag.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $flag flag
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public static function convertArraysToJSON( $flag )
-	{
-		$old = self::$convertArraysToJSON;
-		self::$convertArraysToJSON = $flag;
-		return $old;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets global aliases.
-	 * Registers a batch of aliases in one go. This works the same as
-	 * fetchAs and setAutoResolve but explicitly. For instance if you register
-	 * the alias 'cover' for 'page' a property containing a reference to a
-	 * page bean called 'cover' will correctly return the page bean and not
-	 * a (non-existant) cover bean.
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::aliases( array( 'cover' => 'page' ) );
-	 * $book = R::dispense( 'book' );
-	 * $page = R::dispense( 'page' );
-	 * $book->cover = $page;
-	 * R::store( $book );
-	 * $book = $book->fresh();
-	 * $cover = $book->cover;
-	 * echo $cover->getMeta( 'type' ); //page
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The format of the aliases registration array is:
-	 *
-	 * {alias} => {actual type}
-	 *
-	 * In the example above we use:
-	 *
-	 * cover => page
-	 *
-	 * From that point on, every bean reference to a cover
-	 * will return a 'page' bean. Note that with autoResolve this
-	 * feature along with fetchAs() is no longer very important, although
-	 * relying on explicit aliases can be a bit faster.
-	 *
-	 * @param array $list list of global aliases to use
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function aliases( $list )
-	{
-		self::$aliases = $list;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Enables or disables auto-resolving fetch types.
-	 * Auto-resolving aliased parent beans is convenient but can
-	 * be slower and can create infinite recursion if you
-	 * used aliases to break cyclic relations in your domain.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $automatic TRUE to enable automatic resolving aliased parents
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function setAutoResolve( $automatic = TRUE )
-	{
-		self::$autoResolve = (boolean) $automatic;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets a meta property for all beans. This is a quicker way to set
-	 * the meta properties for a collection of beans because this method
-	 * can directly access the property arrays of the beans.
-	 * This method returns the beans.
-	 *
-	 * @param array  $beans    beans to set the meta property of
-	 * @param string $property property to set
-	 * @param mixed  $value    value
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function setMetaAll( $beans, $property, $value )
-	{
-		foreach( $beans as $bean ) {
-			if ( $bean instanceof OODBBean ) $bean->__info[ $property ] = $value;
-			if ( $property == 'type' && !empty($bean->beanHelper)) {
-				$bean->__info['model'] = $bean->beanHelper->getModelForBean( $bean );
-			}
-		}
-		return $beans;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Parses the join in the with-snippet.
-	 * For instance:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $author
-	 * 	->withCondition(' @joined.detail.title LIKE ? ')
-	 *  ->ownBookList;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * will automatically join 'detail' on book to
-	 * access the title field.
-	 *
-	 * @note this feature requires Narrow Field Mode and Join Feature
-	 * to be both activated (default).
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type the source type for the join
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	private function parseJoin( $type )
-	{
-		if ( strpos($this->withSql, '@joined.' ) === FALSE ) {
-			return '';
-		}
+    /**
+     * FUSE error modes.
+     */
+    const C_ERR_IGNORE    = FALSE;
+    const C_ERR_LOG       = 1;
+    const C_ERR_NOTICE    = 2;
+    const C_ERR_WARN      = 3;
+    const C_ERR_EXCEPTION = 4;
+    const C_ERR_FUNC      = 5;
+    const C_ERR_FATAL     = 6;
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected static $convertArraysToJSON = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected static $errorHandlingFUSE = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var callable|NULL
+     */
+    protected static $errorHandler = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected static $aliases = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected static $autoResolve = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * If this is set to TRUE, the __toString function will
+     * encode all properties as UTF-8 to repair invalid UTF-8
+     * encodings and prevent exceptions (which are uncatchable from within
+     * a __toString-function).
+     *
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected static $enforceUTF8encoding = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * This is where the real properties of the bean live. They are stored and retrieved
+     * by the magic getter and setter (__get and __set).
+     *
+     * @var array $properties
+     */
+    protected $properties = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Here we keep the meta data of a bean.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $__info = array();
+
+    /**
+     * The BeanHelper allows the bean to access the toolbox objects to implement
+     * rich functionality, otherwise you would have to do everything with R or
+     * external objects.
+     *
+     * @var BeanHelper
+     */
+    protected $beanHelper = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var null
+     */
+    protected $fetchType = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $withSql = '';
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $withParams = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $aliasName = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $via = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected $noLoad = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected $all = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * If this is set to TRUE, the __toString function will
+     * encode all properties as UTF-8 to repair invalid UTF-8
+     * encodings and prevent exceptions (which are uncatchable from within
+     * a __toString-function).
+     *
+     * @param boolean $toggle TRUE to enforce UTF-8 encoding (slower)
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+        public static function setEnforceUTF8encoding( $toggle )
+        {
+            self::$enforceUTF8encoding = (boolean) $toggle;
+        }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the error mode for FUSE.
+     * What to do if a FUSE model method does not exist?
+     * You can set the following options:
+     *
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_IGNORE (default), ignores the call, returns NULL
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_LOG, logs the incident using error_log
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_NOTICE, triggers a E_USER_NOTICE
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_WARN, triggers a E_USER_WARNING
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_EXCEPTION, throws an exception
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_FUNC, allows you to specify a custom handler (function)
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_FATAL, triggers a E_USER_ERROR
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * Custom handler method signature: handler( array (
+     * 	'message' => string
+     * 	'bean' => OODBBean
+     * 	'method' => string
+     * ) )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This method returns the old mode and handler as an array.
+     *
+     * @param integer       $mode error handling mode
+     * @param callable|NULL $func custom handler
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function setErrorHandlingFUSE($mode, $func = NULL) {
+        if (
+                $mode !== self::C_ERR_IGNORE
+            && $mode !== self::C_ERR_LOG
+            && $mode !== self::C_ERR_NOTICE
+            && $mode !== self::C_ERR_WARN
+            && $mode !== self::C_ERR_EXCEPTION
+            && $mode !== self::C_ERR_FUNC
+            && $mode !== self::C_ERR_FATAL
+        ) throw new \Exception( 'Invalid error mode selected' );
+
+        if ( $mode === self::C_ERR_FUNC && !is_callable( $func ) ) {
+            throw new \Exception( 'Invalid error handler' );
+        }
+
+        $old = array( self::$errorHandlingFUSE, self::$errorHandler );
+        self::$errorHandlingFUSE = $mode;
+        if ( is_callable( $func ) ) {
+            self::$errorHandler = $func;
+        } else {
+            self::$errorHandler = NULL;
+        }
+        return $old;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles array to JSON conversion. If set to TRUE any array
+     * set to a bean property that's not a list will be turned into
+     * a JSON string. Used together with AQueryWriter::useJSONColumns this
+     * extends the data type support for JSON columns. Returns the previous
+     * value of the flag.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $flag flag
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public static function convertArraysToJSON( $flag )
+    {
+        $old = self::$convertArraysToJSON;
+        self::$convertArraysToJSON = $flag;
+        return $old;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets global aliases.
+     * Registers a batch of aliases in one go. This works the same as
+     * fetchAs and setAutoResolve but explicitly. For instance if you register
+     * the alias 'cover' for 'page' a property containing a reference to a
+     * page bean called 'cover' will correctly return the page bean and not
+     * a (non-existant) cover bean.
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::aliases( array( 'cover' => 'page' ) );
+     * $book = R::dispense( 'book' );
+     * $page = R::dispense( 'page' );
+     * $book->cover = $page;
+     * R::store( $book );
+     * $book = $book->fresh();
+     * $cover = $book->cover;
+     * echo $cover->getMeta( 'type' ); //page
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The format of the aliases registration array is:
+     *
+     * {alias} => {actual type}
+     *
+     * In the example above we use:
+     *
+     * cover => page
+     *
+     * From that point on, every bean reference to a cover
+     * will return a 'page' bean. Note that with autoResolve this
+     * feature along with fetchAs() is no longer very important, although
+     * relying on explicit aliases can be a bit faster.
+     *
+     * @param array $list list of global aliases to use
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function aliases( $list )
+    {
+        self::$aliases = $list;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enables or disables auto-resolving fetch types.
+     * Auto-resolving aliased parent beans is convenient but can
+     * be slower and can create infinite recursion if you
+     * used aliases to break cyclic relations in your domain.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $automatic TRUE to enable automatic resolving aliased parents
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function setAutoResolve( $automatic = TRUE )
+    {
+        self::$autoResolve = (boolean) $automatic;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a meta property for all beans. This is a quicker way to set
+     * the meta properties for a collection of beans because this method
+     * can directly access the property arrays of the beans.
+     * This method returns the beans.
+     *
+     * @param array  $beans    beans to set the meta property of
+     * @param string $property property to set
+     * @param mixed  $value    value
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function setMetaAll( $beans, $property, $value )
+    {
+        foreach( $beans as $bean ) {
+            if ( $bean instanceof OODBBean ) $bean->__info[ $property ] = $value;
+            if ( $property == 'type' && !empty($bean->beanHelper)) {
+                $bean->__info['model'] = $bean->beanHelper->getModelForBean( $bean );
+            }
+        }
+        return $beans;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parses the join in the with-snippet.
+     * For instance:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $author
+     * 	->withCondition(' @joined.detail.title LIKE ? ')
+     *  ->ownBookList;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * will automatically join 'detail' on book to
+     * access the title field.
+     *
+     * @note this feature requires Narrow Field Mode and Join Feature
+     * to be both activated (default).
+     *
+     * @param string $type the source type for the join
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    private function parseJoin( $type )
+    {
+        if ( strpos($this->withSql, '@joined.' ) === FALSE ) {
+            return '';
+        }
 		
-		$joinSql = ' ';
-		$joins = array();
-		$writer   = $this->beanHelper->getToolBox()->getWriter();
-		$oldParts = $parts = explode( '@joined.', $this->withSql );
-		array_shift( $parts );
-		foreach($parts as $part) {
-			$explosion = explode( '.', $part );
-			$joinInfo  = reset( $explosion );
-			//Dont join more than once..
-			if ( !isset( $joins[$joinInfo] ) ) {
-				$joins[ $joinInfo ] = TRUE;
-				$joinSql  .= $writer->writeJoin( $type, $joinInfo, 'LEFT' );
-			}
-		}
-		$this->withSql = implode( '', $oldParts );
-		$joinSql      .= ' WHERE ';
+        $joinSql = ' ';
+        $joins = array();
+        $writer   = $this->beanHelper->getToolBox()->getWriter();
+        $oldParts = $parts = explode( '@joined.', $this->withSql );
+        array_shift( $parts );
+        foreach($parts as $part) {
+            $explosion = explode( '.', $part );
+            $joinInfo  = reset( $explosion );
+            //Dont join more than once..
+            if ( !isset( $joins[$joinInfo] ) ) {
+                $joins[ $joinInfo ] = TRUE;
+                $joinSql  .= $writer->writeJoin( $type, $joinInfo, 'LEFT' );
+            }
+        }
+        $this->withSql = implode( '', $oldParts );
+        $joinSql      .= ' WHERE ';
 		
-		return $joinSql;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Accesses the shared list of a bean.
-	 * To access beans that have been associated with the current bean
-	 * using a many-to-many relationship use sharedXList where
-	 * X is the type of beans in the list.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $person = R::load( 'person', $id );
-	 * $friends = $person->sharedFriendList;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The code snippet above demonstrates how to obtain all beans of
-	 * type 'friend' that have associated using an N-M relation.
-	 * This is a private method used by the magic getter / accessor.
-	 * The example illustrates usage through these accessors.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type    the name of the list you want to retrieve
-	 * @param OODB    $redbean instance of the RedBeanPHP OODB class
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox instance of ToolBox (to get access to core objects)
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	private function getSharedList( $type, $redbean, $toolbox )
-	{
-		$writer = $toolbox->getWriter();
-		if ( $this->via ) {
-			$oldName = $writer->getAssocTable( array( $this->__info['type'], $type ) );
-			if ( $oldName !== $this->via ) {
-				//set the new renaming rule
-				$writer->renameAssocTable( $oldName, $this->via );
-			}
-			$this->via = NULL;
-		}
-		$beans = array();
-		if ($this->getID()) {
-			$type             = $this->beau( $type );
-			$assocManager     = $redbean->getAssociationManager();
-			$beans            = $assocManager->related( $this, $type, $this->withSql, $this->withParams );
-		}
-		return $beans;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Accesses the ownList. The 'own' list contains beans
-	 * associated using a one-to-many relation. The own-lists can
-	 * be accessed through the magic getter/setter property
-	 * ownXList where X is the type of beans in that list.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book = R::load( 'book', $id );
-	 * $pages = $book->ownPageList;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above demonstrates how to access the
-	 * pages associated with the book. Since this is a private method
-	 * meant to be used by the magic accessors, the example uses the
-	 * magic getter instead.
-	 *
-	 * @param string      $type   name of the list you want to retrieve
-	 * @param OODB        $oodb   The RB OODB object database instance
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	private function getOwnList( $type, $redbean )
-	{
-		$type = $this->beau( $type );
-		if ( $this->aliasName ) {
-			$parentField = $this->aliasName;
-			$myFieldLink = $parentField . '_id';
-
-			$this->__info['sys.alias.' . $type] = $this->aliasName;
-
-			$this->aliasName = NULL;
-		} else {
-			$parentField = $this->__info['type'];
-			$myFieldLink = $parentField . '_id';
-		}
-		$beans = array();
-		if ( $this->getID() ) {
-			reset( $this->withParams );
-			$joinSql = $this->parseJoin( $type );
-			$firstKey = count( $this->withParams ) > 0
-				? key( $this->withParams )
-				: 0;
-			if ( is_int( $firstKey ) ) {
-				$bindings = array_merge( array( $this->getID() ), $this->withParams );
-				$beans = $redbean->find( $type, array(), "{$joinSql} $myFieldLink = ? " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
-			} else {
-				$bindings           = $this->withParams;
-				$bindings[':slot0'] = $this->getID();
-				$beans = $redbean->find( $type, array(), "{$joinSql} $myFieldLink = :slot0 " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
-			}
-		}
-		foreach ( $beans as $beanFromList ) {
-			$beanFromList->__info['sys.parentcache.' . $parentField] = $this;
-		}
-		return $beans;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Initializes a bean. Used by OODB for dispensing beans.
-	 * It is not recommended to use this method to initialize beans. Instead
-	 * use the OODB object to dispense new beans. You can use this method
-	 * if you build your own bean dispensing mechanism.
-	 * This is not recommended.
-	 *
-	 * Unless you know what you are doing, do NOT use this method.
-	 * This is for advanced users only!
-	 *
-	 * @param string     $type       type of the new bean
-	 * @param BeanHelper $beanhelper bean helper to obtain a toolbox and a model
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function initializeForDispense( $type, $beanhelper = NULL )
-	{
-		$this->beanHelper         = $beanhelper;
-		$this->__info['type']     = $type;
-		$this->__info['sys.id']   = 'id';
-		$this->__info['sys.orig'] = array( 'id' => 0 );
-		$this->__info['tainted']  = TRUE;
-		$this->__info['changed']  = TRUE;
-		$this->__info['changelist'] = array();
-		if ( $beanhelper ) {
-			$this->__info['model'] = $this->beanHelper->getModelForBean( $this );
-		}
-		$this->properties['id']   = 0;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the Bean Helper. Normally the Bean Helper is set by OODB.
-	 * Here you can change the Bean Helper. The Bean Helper is an object
-	 * providing access to a toolbox for the bean necessary to retrieve
-	 * nested beans (bean lists: ownBean, sharedBean) without the need to
-	 * rely on static calls to the facade (or make this class dep. on OODB).
-	 *
-	 * @param BeanHelper $helper helper to use for this bean
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function setBeanHelper( BeanHelper $helper )
-	{
-		$this->beanHelper = $helper;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns an ArrayIterator so you can treat the bean like
-	 * an array with the properties container as its contents.
-	 * This method is meant for PHP and allows you to access beans as if
-	 * they were arrays, i.e. using array notation:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $bean[$key] = $value;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Note that not all PHP functions work with the array interface.
-	 *
-	 * @return ArrayIterator
-	 */
-	public function getIterator()
-	{
-		return new \ArrayIterator( $this->properties );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Imports all values from an associative array $array. Chainable.
-	 * This method imports the values in the first argument as bean
-	 * propery and value pairs. Use the second parameter to provide a
-	 * selection. If a selection array is passed, only the entries
-	 * having keys mentioned in the selection array will be imported.
-	 * Set the third parameter to TRUE to preserve spaces in selection keys.
-	 *
-	 * @param array        $array     what you want to import
-	 * @param string|array $selection selection of values
-	 * @param boolean      $notrim    if TRUE selection keys will NOT be trimmed
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function import( $array, $selection = FALSE, $notrim = FALSE )
-	{
-		if ( is_string( $selection ) ) {
-			$selection = explode( ',', $selection );
-		}
-		if ( is_array( $selection ) ) {
-			if ( $notrim ) {
-				$selected = array_flip($selection);
-			} else {
-				$selected = array();
-				foreach ( $selection as $key => $select ) {
-					$selected[trim( $select )] = TRUE;
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			$selected = FALSE;
-		}
-		foreach ( $array as $key => $value ) {
-			if ( $key != '__info' ) {
-				if ( !$selected || isset( $selected[$key] ) ) {
-					if ( is_array($value ) ) {
-						if ( isset( $value['_type'] ) ) {
-							$bean = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getRedBean()->dispense( $value['_type'] );
-							unset( $value['_type'] );
-							$bean->import($value);
-							$this->$key = $bean;
-						} else {
-							$listBeans = array();
-							foreach( $value as $listKey => $listItem ) {
-								$bean = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getRedBean()->dispense( $listItem['_type'] );
-								unset( $listItem['_type'] );
-								$bean->import($listItem);
-								$list = &$this->$key;
-								$list[ $listKey ] = $bean;
-							}
-						}
-					} else {
-						$this->$key = $value;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	* Imports an associative array directly into the
-	* internal property array of the bean as well as the
-	* meta property sys.orig and sets the changed flag to FALSE.
-	* This is used by the repository objects to inject database rows
-	* into the beans. It is not recommended to use this method outside
-	* of a bean repository.
-	*
-	* @param array $row a database row
-	*
-	* @return self
-	*/
-	public function importRow( $row )
-	{
-		$this->properties = $row;
-		$this->__info['sys.orig'] = $row;
-		$this->__info['changed'] = FALSE;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Imports data from another bean. Chainable.
-	 * Copies the properties from the source bean to the internal
-	 * property list.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $copy->importFrom( $bean );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above demonstrates how to make a shallow copy
-	 * of a bean using the importFrom() method.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $sourceBean the source bean to take properties from
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function importFrom( OODBBean $sourceBean )
-	{
-		$this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
-		$this->__info['changed'] = TRUE;
-		$this->properties = $sourceBean->properties;
-
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Injects the properties of another bean but keeps the original ID.
-	 * Just like import() but keeps the original ID.
-	 * Chainable.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $otherBean the bean whose properties you would like to copy
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function inject( OODBBean $otherBean )
-	{
-		$myID = $this->properties['id'];
-		$this->import( $otherBean->export( FALSE, FALSE, TRUE ) );
-		$this->id = $myID;
-
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Exports the bean as an array.
-	 * This function exports the contents of a bean to an array and returns
-	 * the resulting array. Depending on the parameters you can also
-	 * export an entire graph of beans, apply filters or exclude meta data.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $bookData = $book->export( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, [ 'author' ] );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above exports all bean properties to an array
-	 * called $bookData including its meta data, parent objects but without
-	 * any beans of type 'author'.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $meta    set to TRUE if you want to export meta data as well
-	 * @param boolean $parents set to TRUE if you want to export parents as well
-	 * @param boolean $onlyMe  set to TRUE if you want to export only this bean
-	 * @param array   $filters optional whitelist for export
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function export( $meta = FALSE, $parents = FALSE, $onlyMe = FALSE, $filters = array() )
-	{
-		$arr = array();
-		if ( $parents ) {
-			foreach ( $this as $key => $value ) {
-				if ( substr( $key, -3 ) != '_id' ) continue;
-
-				$prop = substr( $key, 0, strlen( $key ) - 3 );
-				$this->$prop;
-			}
-		}
-		$hasFilters = is_array( $filters ) && count( $filters );
-		foreach ( $this as $key => $value ) {
-			if ( !$onlyMe && is_array( $value ) ) {
-				$vn = array();
-
-				foreach ( $value as $i => $b ) {
-					if ( !( $b instanceof OODBBean ) ) continue;
-					$vn[] = $b->export( $meta, FALSE, FALSE, $filters );
-					$value = $vn;
-				}
-			} elseif ( $value instanceof OODBBean ) { if ( $hasFilters ) { //has to be on one line, otherwise code coverage miscounts as miss
-					if ( !in_array( strtolower( $value->getMeta( 'type' ) ), $filters ) ) continue;
-				}
-				$value = $value->export( $meta, $parents, FALSE, $filters );
-			}
-			$arr[$key] = $value;
-		}
-		if ( $meta ) {
-			$arr['__info'] = $this->__info;
-		}
-		return $arr;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Implements isset() function for use as an array.
-	 * This allows you to use isset() on bean properties.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book->title = 'my book';
-	 * echo isset($book['title']); //TRUE
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example illustrates how one can apply the
-	 * isset() function to a bean.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $property name of the property you want to check
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function __isset( $property )
-	{
-		$property = $this->beau( $property );
-		if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
-			$property = substr($property, 1);
-		}
-		return isset( $this->properties[$property] );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks whether a related bean exists.
-	 * For instance if a post bean has a related author, this method
-	 * can be used to check if the author is set without loading the author.
-	 * This method works by checking the related ID-field.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $property name of the property you wish to check
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function exists( $property )
-	{
-		$property = $this->beau( $property );
-		/* fixes issue #549, see Base/Bean test */
-		$hiddenRelationField = "{$property}_id";
-		if ( array_key_exists( $hiddenRelationField, $this->properties ) ) {
-			if ( !is_null( $this->properties[$hiddenRelationField] ) ) {
-				return TRUE;
-			}
-		}
-		return FALSE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the ID of the bean.
-	 * If for some reason the ID has not been set, this method will
-	 * return NULL. This is actually the same as accessing the
-	 * id property using $bean->id. The ID of a bean is it's primary
-	 * key and should always correspond with a table column named
-	 * 'id'.
-	 *
-	 * @return string|null
-	 */
-	public function getID()
-	{
-		return ( isset( $this->properties['id'] ) ) ? (string) $this->properties['id'] : NULL;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Unsets a property of a bean.
-	 * Magic method, gets called implicitly when
-	 * performing the unset() operation
-	 * on a bean property.
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $property property to unset
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function __unset( $property )
-	{
-		$property = $this->beau( $property );
-
-		if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
-			$property = substr($property, 1);
-		}
-		unset( $this->properties[$property] );
-		$shadowKey = 'sys.shadow.'.$property;
-		if ( isset( $this->__info[ $shadowKey ] ) ) unset( $this->__info[$shadowKey] );
-		//also clear modifiers
-		$this->clearModifiers();
-		return;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Adds WHERE clause conditions to ownList retrieval.
-	 * For instance to get the pages that belong to a book you would
-	 * issue the following command: $book->ownPage
-	 * However, to order these pages by number use:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book->with(' ORDER BY `number` ASC ')->ownPage
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * the additional SQL snippet will be merged into the final
-	 * query.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL to be added to retrieval query.
-	 * @param array  $bindings array with parameters to bind to SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function with( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$this->withSql    = $sql;
-		$this->withParams = $bindings;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Just like with(). Except that this method prepends the SQL query snippet
-	 * with AND which makes it slightly more comfortable to use a conditional
-	 * SQL snippet. For instance to filter an own-list with pages (belonging to
-	 * a book) on specific chapters you can use:
-	 *
-	 * $book->withCondition(' chapter = 3 ')->ownPage
-	 *
-	 * This will return in the own list only the pages having 'chapter == 3'.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL to be added to retrieval query (prefixed by AND)
-	 * @param array  $bindings array with parameters to bind to SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function withCondition( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$this->withSql    = ' AND ' . $sql;
-		$this->withParams = $bindings;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Tells the bean to (re)load the following list without any
-	 * conditions. If you have an ownList or sharedList with a
-	 * condition you can use this method to reload the entire list.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $bean->with( ' LIMIT 3 ' )->ownPage; //Just 3
-	 * $bean->all()->ownPage; //Reload all pages
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function all()
-	{
-		$this->all = TRUE;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Tells the bean to only access the list but not load
-	 * its contents. Use this if you only want to add something to a list
-	 * and you have no interest in retrieving its contents from the database.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book->noLoad()->ownPage[] = $newPage;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above we add the $newPage bean to the
-	 * page list of book without loading all the pages first.
-	 * If you know in advance that you are not going to use
-	 * the contents of the list, you may use the noLoad() modifier
-	 * to make sure the queries required to load the list will not
-	 * be executed.
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function noLoad()
-	{
-		$this->noLoad = TRUE;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Prepares an own-list to use an alias. This is best explained using
-	 * an example. Imagine a project and a person. The project always involves
-	 * two persons: a teacher and a student. The person beans have been aliased in this
-	 * case, so to the project has a teacher_id pointing to a person, and a student_id
-	 * also pointing to a person. Given a project, we obtain the teacher like this:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $project->fetchAs('person')->teacher;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Now, if we want all projects of a teacher we cant say:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $teacher->ownProject
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * because the $teacher is a bean of type 'person' and no project has been
-	 * assigned to a person. Instead we use the alias() method like this:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $teacher->alias('teacher')->ownProject
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * now we get the projects associated with the person bean aliased as
-	 * a teacher.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $aliasName the alias name to use
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function alias( $aliasName )
-	{
-		$this->aliasName = $this->beau( $aliasName );
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns properties of bean as an array.
-	 * This method returns the raw internal property list of the
-	 * bean. Only use this method for optimization purposes. Otherwise
-	 * use the export() method to export bean data to arrays.
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getProperties()
-	{
-		return $this->properties;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns properties of bean as an array.
-	 * This method returns the raw internal property list of the
-	 * bean. Only use this method for optimization purposes. Otherwise
-	 * use the export() method to export bean data to arrays.
-	 * This method returns an array with the properties array and
-	 * the type (string).
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getPropertiesAndType()
-	{
-		return array( $this->properties, $this->__info['type'] );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Turns a camelcase property name into an underscored property name.
-	 *
-	 * Examples:
-	 *
-	 * - oneACLRoute -> one_acl_route
-	 * - camelCase -> camel_case
-	 *
-	 * Also caches the result to improve performance.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $property property to un-beautify
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function beau( $property )
-	{
-		static $beautifulColumns = array();
-
-		if ( ctype_lower( $property ) ) return $property;
-		if (
-			( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 3, 1 ) ) )
-			|| ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) )
-			|| ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 6, 1 ) ) )
-		) {
-
-			$property = preg_replace( '/List$/', '', $property );
-			return $property;
-		}
-		if ( !isset( $beautifulColumns[$property] ) ) {
-			$beautifulColumns[$property] = AQueryWriter::camelsSnake( $property );
-		}
-		return $beautifulColumns[$property];
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Modifiers are a powerful concept in RedBeanPHP, they make it possible
-	 * to change the way a property has to be loaded.
-	 * RedBeanPHP uses property modifiers using a prefix notation like this:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book->fetchAs('page')->cover;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Here, we load a bean of type page, identified by the cover property
-	 * (or cover_id in the database). Because the modifier is called before
-	 * the property is accessed, the modifier must be remembered somehow,
-	 * this changes the state of the bean. Accessing a property causes the
-	 * bean to clear its modifiers. To clear the modifiers manually you can
-	 * use this method.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book->with( 'LIMIT 1' );
-	 * $book->clearModifiers()->ownPageList;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above, the 'LIMIT 1' clause is
-	 * cleared before accessing the pages of the book, causing all pages
-	 * to be loaded in the list instead of just one.
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function clearModifiers()
-	{
-		$this->withSql    = '';
-		$this->withParams = array();
-		$this->aliasName  = NULL;
-		$this->fetchType  = NULL;
-		$this->noLoad     = FALSE;
-		$this->all        = FALSE;
-		$this->via        = NULL;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Determines whether a list is opened in exclusive mode or not.
-	 * If a list has been opened in exclusive mode this method will return TRUE,
-	 * othwerwise it will return FALSE.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $listName name of the list to check
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function isListInExclusiveMode( $listName )
-	{
-		$listName = $this->beau( $listName );
-
-		if ( strpos( $listName, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $listName, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
-			$listName = substr($listName, 1);
-		}
-		$listName = lcfirst( substr( $listName, 3 ) );
-		return ( isset( $this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] ) && $this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Magic Getter. Gets the value for a specific property in the bean.
-	 * If the property does not exist this getter will make sure no error
-	 * occurs. This is because RedBean allows you to query (probe) for
-	 * properties. If the property can not be found this method will
-	 * return NULL instead.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $title = $book->title;
-	 * $pages = $book->ownPageList;
-	 * $tags  = $book->sharedTagList;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example aboves lists several ways to invoke the magic getter.
-	 * You can use the magic setter to access properties, own-lists,
-	 * exclusive own-lists (xownLists) and shared-lists.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $property name of the property you wish to obtain the value of
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function &__get( $property )
-	{
-		$isEx          = FALSE;
-		$isOwn         = FALSE;
-		$isShared      = FALSE;
-		if ( !ctype_lower( $property ) ) {
-			$property = $this->beau( $property );
-			if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
-				$property = substr($property, 1);
-				$listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
-				$isEx     = TRUE;
-				$isOwn    = TRUE;
-				$this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] = TRUE;
-			} elseif ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 3, 1 ) ) )  {
-				$isOwn    = TRUE;
-				$listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
-			} elseif ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 6, 1 ) ) ) {
-				$isShared = TRUE;
-			}
-		}
-		$fieldLink      = $property . '_id';
-		$exists         = isset( $this->properties[$property] );
-
-		//If not exists and no field link and no list, bail out.
-		if ( !$exists && !isset($this->$fieldLink) && (!$isOwn && !$isShared )) {
-			$this->clearModifiers();
-			/**
-			 * Github issue:
-			 * Remove $NULL to directly return NULL #625
-			 * @@ -1097,8 +1097,7 @@ public function &__get( $property )
-			 *		$this->all        = FALSE;
-			 *		$this->via        = NULL;
-			 *
-			 * - $NULL = NULL;
-			 * - return $NULL;
-			 * + return NULL;
-			 *
-			 * leads to regression:
-			 * PHP Stack trace:
-			 * PHP 1. {main}() testje.php:0
-			 * PHP 2. RedBeanPHP\OODBBean->__get() testje.php:22
-			 * Notice: Only variable references should be returned by reference in rb.php on line 2529
-			 */
-			$NULL = NULL;
-			return $NULL;
-		}
-
-		$hasAlias       = (!is_null($this->aliasName));
-		$differentAlias = ($hasAlias && $isOwn && isset($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName])) ?
-									($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName] !== $this->aliasName) : FALSE;
-		$hasSQL         = ($this->withSql !== '' || $this->via !== NULL);
-		$hasAll         = (boolean) ($this->all);
-
-		//If exists and no list or exits and list not changed, bail out.
-		if ( $exists && ((!$isOwn && !$isShared ) || (!$hasSQL && !$differentAlias && !$hasAll)) ) {
-			$this->clearModifiers();
-			return $this->properties[$property];
-		}
-
-		list( $redbean, , , $toolbox ) = $this->beanHelper->getExtractedToolbox();
-
-		//If it's another bean, then we load it and return
-		if ( isset( $this->$fieldLink ) ) {
-			$this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
-			if ( isset( $this->__info["sys.parentcache.$property"] ) ) {
-				$bean = $this->__info["sys.parentcache.$property"];
-			} else {
-				if ( isset( self::$aliases[$property] ) ) {
-					$type = self::$aliases[$property];
-				} elseif ( $this->fetchType ) {
-					$type = $this->fetchType;
-					$this->fetchType = NULL;
-				} else {
-					$type = $property;
-				}
-				$bean = NULL;
-				if ( !is_null( $this->properties[$fieldLink] ) ) {
-					$bean = $redbean->load( $type, $this->properties[$fieldLink] );
-					//If the IDs dont match, we failed to load, so try autoresolv in that case...
-					if ( $bean->id !== $this->properties[$fieldLink] && self::$autoResolve ) {
-						$type = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getWriter()->inferFetchType( $this->__info['type'], $property );
-						if ( !is_null( $type) ) {
-							$bean = $redbean->load( $type, $this->properties[$fieldLink] );
-							$this->__info["sys.autoresolved.{$property}"] = $type;
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			$this->properties[$property] = $bean;
-			$this->clearModifiers();
-			return $this->properties[$property];
-		}
-
-		//Implicit: elseif ( $isOwn || $isShared ) {
-		if ( $this->noLoad ) {
-			$beans = array();
-		} elseif ( $isOwn ) {
-			$beans = $this->getOwnList( $listName, $redbean );
-		} else {
-			$beans = $this->getSharedList( lcfirst( substr( $property, 6 ) ), $redbean, $toolbox );
-		}
-		$this->properties[$property]          = $beans;
-		$this->__info["sys.shadow.$property"] = $beans;
-		$this->__info['tainted']              = TRUE;
+        return $joinSql;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Accesses the shared list of a bean.
+     * To access beans that have been associated with the current bean
+     * using a many-to-many relationship use sharedXList where
+     * X is the type of beans in the list.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $person = R::load( 'person', $id );
+     * $friends = $person->sharedFriendList;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The code snippet above demonstrates how to obtain all beans of
+     * type 'friend' that have associated using an N-M relation.
+     * This is a private method used by the magic getter / accessor.
+     * The example illustrates usage through these accessors.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type    the name of the list you want to retrieve
+     * @param OODB    $redbean instance of the RedBeanPHP OODB class
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox instance of ToolBox (to get access to core objects)
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    private function getSharedList( $type, $redbean, $toolbox )
+    {
+        $writer = $toolbox->getWriter();
+        if ( $this->via ) {
+            $oldName = $writer->getAssocTable( array( $this->__info['type'], $type ) );
+            if ( $oldName !== $this->via ) {
+                //set the new renaming rule
+                $writer->renameAssocTable( $oldName, $this->via );
+            }
+            $this->via = NULL;
+        }
+        $beans = array();
+        if ($this->getID()) {
+            $type             = $this->beau( $type );
+            $assocManager     = $redbean->getAssociationManager();
+            $beans            = $assocManager->related( $this, $type, $this->withSql, $this->withParams );
+        }
+        return $beans;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Accesses the ownList. The 'own' list contains beans
+     * associated using a one-to-many relation. The own-lists can
+     * be accessed through the magic getter/setter property
+     * ownXList where X is the type of beans in that list.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book = R::load( 'book', $id );
+     * $pages = $book->ownPageList;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above demonstrates how to access the
+     * pages associated with the book. Since this is a private method
+     * meant to be used by the magic accessors, the example uses the
+     * magic getter instead.
+     *
+     * @param string      $type   name of the list you want to retrieve
+     * @param OODB        $oodb   The RB OODB object database instance
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    private function getOwnList( $type, $redbean )
+    {
+        $type = $this->beau( $type );
+        if ( $this->aliasName ) {
+            $parentField = $this->aliasName;
+            $myFieldLink = $parentField . '_id';
+
+            $this->__info['sys.alias.' . $type] = $this->aliasName;
+
+            $this->aliasName = NULL;
+        } else {
+            $parentField = $this->__info['type'];
+            $myFieldLink = $parentField . '_id';
+        }
+        $beans = array();
+        if ( $this->getID() ) {
+            reset( $this->withParams );
+            $joinSql = $this->parseJoin( $type );
+            $firstKey = count( $this->withParams ) > 0
+                ? key( $this->withParams )
+                : 0;
+            if ( is_int( $firstKey ) ) {
+                $bindings = array_merge( array( $this->getID() ), $this->withParams );
+                $beans = $redbean->find( $type, array(), "{$joinSql} $myFieldLink = ? " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
+            } else {
+                $bindings           = $this->withParams;
+                $bindings[':slot0'] = $this->getID();
+                $beans = $redbean->find( $type, array(), "{$joinSql} $myFieldLink = :slot0 " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
+            }
+        }
+        foreach ( $beans as $beanFromList ) {
+            $beanFromList->__info['sys.parentcache.' . $parentField] = $this;
+        }
+        return $beans;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes a bean. Used by OODB for dispensing beans.
+     * It is not recommended to use this method to initialize beans. Instead
+     * use the OODB object to dispense new beans. You can use this method
+     * if you build your own bean dispensing mechanism.
+     * This is not recommended.
+     *
+     * Unless you know what you are doing, do NOT use this method.
+     * This is for advanced users only!
+     *
+     * @param string     $type       type of the new bean
+     * @param BeanHelper $beanhelper bean helper to obtain a toolbox and a model
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function initializeForDispense( $type, $beanhelper = NULL )
+    {
+        $this->beanHelper         = $beanhelper;
+        $this->__info['type']     = $type;
+        $this->__info['sys.id']   = 'id';
+        $this->__info['sys.orig'] = array( 'id' => 0 );
+        $this->__info['tainted']  = TRUE;
+        $this->__info['changed']  = TRUE;
+        $this->__info['changelist'] = array();
+        if ( $beanhelper ) {
+            $this->__info['model'] = $this->beanHelper->getModelForBean( $this );
+        }
+        $this->properties['id']   = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the Bean Helper. Normally the Bean Helper is set by OODB.
+     * Here you can change the Bean Helper. The Bean Helper is an object
+     * providing access to a toolbox for the bean necessary to retrieve
+     * nested beans (bean lists: ownBean, sharedBean) without the need to
+     * rely on static calls to the facade (or make this class dep. on OODB).
+     *
+     * @param BeanHelper $helper helper to use for this bean
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setBeanHelper( BeanHelper $helper )
+    {
+        $this->beanHelper = $helper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an ArrayIterator so you can treat the bean like
+     * an array with the properties container as its contents.
+     * This method is meant for PHP and allows you to access beans as if
+     * they were arrays, i.e. using array notation:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $bean[$key] = $value;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Note that not all PHP functions work with the array interface.
+     *
+     * @return ArrayIterator
+     */
+    public function getIterator()
+    {
+        return new \ArrayIterator( $this->properties );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Imports all values from an associative array $array. Chainable.
+     * This method imports the values in the first argument as bean
+     * propery and value pairs. Use the second parameter to provide a
+     * selection. If a selection array is passed, only the entries
+     * having keys mentioned in the selection array will be imported.
+     * Set the third parameter to TRUE to preserve spaces in selection keys.
+     *
+     * @param array        $array     what you want to import
+     * @param string|array $selection selection of values
+     * @param boolean      $notrim    if TRUE selection keys will NOT be trimmed
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function import( $array, $selection = FALSE, $notrim = FALSE )
+    {
+        if ( is_string( $selection ) ) {
+            $selection = explode( ',', $selection );
+        }
+        if ( is_array( $selection ) ) {
+            if ( $notrim ) {
+                $selected = array_flip($selection);
+            } else {
+                $selected = array();
+                foreach ( $selection as $key => $select ) {
+                    $selected[trim( $select )] = TRUE;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            $selected = FALSE;
+        }
+        foreach ( $array as $key => $value ) {
+            if ( $key != '__info' ) {
+                if ( !$selected || isset( $selected[$key] ) ) {
+                    if ( is_array($value ) ) {
+                        if ( isset( $value['_type'] ) ) {
+                            $bean = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getRedBean()->dispense( $value['_type'] );
+                            unset( $value['_type'] );
+                            $bean->import($value);
+                            $this->$key = $bean;
+                        } else {
+                            $listBeans = array();
+                            foreach( $value as $listKey => $listItem ) {
+                                $bean = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getRedBean()->dispense( $listItem['_type'] );
+                                unset( $listItem['_type'] );
+                                $bean->import($listItem);
+                                $list = &$this->$key;
+                                $list[ $listKey ] = $bean;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        $this->$key = $value;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Imports an associative array directly into the
+     * internal property array of the bean as well as the
+     * meta property sys.orig and sets the changed flag to FALSE.
+     * This is used by the repository objects to inject database rows
+     * into the beans. It is not recommended to use this method outside
+     * of a bean repository.
+     *
+     * @param array $row a database row
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function importRow( $row )
+    {
+        $this->properties = $row;
+        $this->__info['sys.orig'] = $row;
+        $this->__info['changed'] = FALSE;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Imports data from another bean. Chainable.
+     * Copies the properties from the source bean to the internal
+     * property list.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $copy->importFrom( $bean );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above demonstrates how to make a shallow copy
+     * of a bean using the importFrom() method.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $sourceBean the source bean to take properties from
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function importFrom( OODBBean $sourceBean )
+    {
+        $this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
+        $this->__info['changed'] = TRUE;
+        $this->properties = $sourceBean->properties;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Injects the properties of another bean but keeps the original ID.
+     * Just like import() but keeps the original ID.
+     * Chainable.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $otherBean the bean whose properties you would like to copy
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function inject( OODBBean $otherBean )
+    {
+        $myID = $this->properties['id'];
+        $this->import( $otherBean->export( FALSE, FALSE, TRUE ) );
+        $this->id = $myID;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exports the bean as an array.
+     * This function exports the contents of a bean to an array and returns
+     * the resulting array. Depending on the parameters you can also
+     * export an entire graph of beans, apply filters or exclude meta data.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $bookData = $book->export( TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, [ 'author' ] );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above exports all bean properties to an array
+     * called $bookData including its meta data, parent objects but without
+     * any beans of type 'author'.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $meta    set to TRUE if you want to export meta data as well
+     * @param boolean $parents set to TRUE if you want to export parents as well
+     * @param boolean $onlyMe  set to TRUE if you want to export only this bean
+     * @param array   $filters optional whitelist for export
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function export( $meta = FALSE, $parents = FALSE, $onlyMe = FALSE, $filters = array() )
+    {
+        $arr = array();
+        if ( $parents ) {
+            foreach ( $this as $key => $value ) {
+                if ( substr( $key, -3 ) != '_id' ) continue;
+
+                $prop = substr( $key, 0, strlen( $key ) - 3 );
+                $this->$prop;
+            }
+        }
+        $hasFilters = is_array( $filters ) && count( $filters );
+        foreach ( $this as $key => $value ) {
+            if ( !$onlyMe && is_array( $value ) ) {
+                $vn = array();
+
+                foreach ( $value as $i => $b ) {
+                    if ( !( $b instanceof OODBBean ) ) continue;
+                    $vn[] = $b->export( $meta, FALSE, FALSE, $filters );
+                    $value = $vn;
+                }
+            } elseif ( $value instanceof OODBBean ) { if ( $hasFilters ) { //has to be on one line, otherwise code coverage miscounts as miss
+                    if ( !in_array( strtolower( $value->getMeta( 'type' ) ), $filters ) ) continue;
+                }
+                $value = $value->export( $meta, $parents, FALSE, $filters );
+            }
+            $arr[$key] = $value;
+        }
+        if ( $meta ) {
+            $arr['__info'] = $this->__info;
+        }
+        return $arr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implements isset() function for use as an array.
+     * This allows you to use isset() on bean properties.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book->title = 'my book';
+     * echo isset($book['title']); //TRUE
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example illustrates how one can apply the
+     * isset() function to a bean.
+     *
+     * @param string $property name of the property you want to check
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function __isset( $property )
+    {
+        $property = $this->beau( $property );
+        if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
+            $property = substr($property, 1);
+        }
+        return isset( $this->properties[$property] );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether a related bean exists.
+     * For instance if a post bean has a related author, this method
+     * can be used to check if the author is set without loading the author.
+     * This method works by checking the related ID-field.
+     *
+     * @param string $property name of the property you wish to check
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function exists( $property )
+    {
+        $property = $this->beau( $property );
+        /* fixes issue #549, see Base/Bean test */
+        $hiddenRelationField = "{$property}_id";
+        if ( array_key_exists( $hiddenRelationField, $this->properties ) ) {
+            if ( !is_null( $this->properties[$hiddenRelationField] ) ) {
+                return TRUE;
+            }
+        }
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the ID of the bean.
+     * If for some reason the ID has not been set, this method will
+     * return NULL. This is actually the same as accessing the
+     * id property using $bean->id. The ID of a bean is it's primary
+     * key and should always correspond with a table column named
+     * 'id'.
+     *
+     * @return string|null
+     */
+    public function getID()
+    {
+        return ( isset( $this->properties['id'] ) ) ? (string) $this->properties['id'] : NULL;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unsets a property of a bean.
+     * Magic method, gets called implicitly when
+     * performing the unset() operation
+     * on a bean property.
+     *
+     * @param  string $property property to unset
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __unset( $property )
+    {
+        $property = $this->beau( $property );
+
+        if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
+            $property = substr($property, 1);
+        }
+        unset( $this->properties[$property] );
+        $shadowKey = 'sys.shadow.'.$property;
+        if ( isset( $this->__info[ $shadowKey ] ) ) unset( $this->__info[$shadowKey] );
+        //also clear modifiers
+        $this->clearModifiers();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds WHERE clause conditions to ownList retrieval.
+     * For instance to get the pages that belong to a book you would
+     * issue the following command: $book->ownPage
+     * However, to order these pages by number use:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book->with(' ORDER BY `number` ASC ')->ownPage
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * the additional SQL snippet will be merged into the final
+     * query.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL to be added to retrieval query.
+     * @param array  $bindings array with parameters to bind to SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function with( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $this->withSql    = $sql;
+        $this->withParams = $bindings;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Just like with(). Except that this method prepends the SQL query snippet
+     * with AND which makes it slightly more comfortable to use a conditional
+     * SQL snippet. For instance to filter an own-list with pages (belonging to
+     * a book) on specific chapters you can use:
+     *
+     * $book->withCondition(' chapter = 3 ')->ownPage
+     *
+     * This will return in the own list only the pages having 'chapter == 3'.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL to be added to retrieval query (prefixed by AND)
+     * @param array  $bindings array with parameters to bind to SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function withCondition( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $this->withSql    = ' AND ' . $sql;
+        $this->withParams = $bindings;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells the bean to (re)load the following list without any
+     * conditions. If you have an ownList or sharedList with a
+     * condition you can use this method to reload the entire list.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $bean->with( ' LIMIT 3 ' )->ownPage; //Just 3
+     * $bean->all()->ownPage; //Reload all pages
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function all()
+    {
+        $this->all = TRUE;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells the bean to only access the list but not load
+     * its contents. Use this if you only want to add something to a list
+     * and you have no interest in retrieving its contents from the database.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book->noLoad()->ownPage[] = $newPage;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above we add the $newPage bean to the
+     * page list of book without loading all the pages first.
+     * If you know in advance that you are not going to use
+     * the contents of the list, you may use the noLoad() modifier
+     * to make sure the queries required to load the list will not
+     * be executed.
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function noLoad()
+    {
+        $this->noLoad = TRUE;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepares an own-list to use an alias. This is best explained using
+     * an example. Imagine a project and a person. The project always involves
+     * two persons: a teacher and a student. The person beans have been aliased in this
+     * case, so to the project has a teacher_id pointing to a person, and a student_id
+     * also pointing to a person. Given a project, we obtain the teacher like this:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $project->fetchAs('person')->teacher;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Now, if we want all projects of a teacher we cant say:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $teacher->ownProject
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * because the $teacher is a bean of type 'person' and no project has been
+     * assigned to a person. Instead we use the alias() method like this:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $teacher->alias('teacher')->ownProject
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * now we get the projects associated with the person bean aliased as
+     * a teacher.
+     *
+     * @param string $aliasName the alias name to use
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function alias( $aliasName )
+    {
+        $this->aliasName = $this->beau( $aliasName );
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns properties of bean as an array.
+     * This method returns the raw internal property list of the
+     * bean. Only use this method for optimization purposes. Otherwise
+     * use the export() method to export bean data to arrays.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getProperties()
+    {
+        return $this->properties;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns properties of bean as an array.
+     * This method returns the raw internal property list of the
+     * bean. Only use this method for optimization purposes. Otherwise
+     * use the export() method to export bean data to arrays.
+     * This method returns an array with the properties array and
+     * the type (string).
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getPropertiesAndType()
+    {
+        return array( $this->properties, $this->__info['type'] );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turns a camelcase property name into an underscored property name.
+     *
+     * Examples:
+     *
+     * - oneACLRoute -> one_acl_route
+     * - camelCase -> camel_case
+     *
+     * Also caches the result to improve performance.
+     *
+     * @param string $property property to un-beautify
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function beau( $property )
+    {
+        static $beautifulColumns = array();
+
+        if ( ctype_lower( $property ) ) return $property;
+        if (
+            ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 3, 1 ) ) )
+            || ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) )
+            || ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 6, 1 ) ) )
+        ) {
+
+            $property = preg_replace( '/List$/', '', $property );
+            return $property;
+        }
+        if ( !isset( $beautifulColumns[$property] ) ) {
+            $beautifulColumns[$property] = AQueryWriter::camelsSnake( $property );
+        }
+        return $beautifulColumns[$property];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Modifiers are a powerful concept in RedBeanPHP, they make it possible
+     * to change the way a property has to be loaded.
+     * RedBeanPHP uses property modifiers using a prefix notation like this:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book->fetchAs('page')->cover;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Here, we load a bean of type page, identified by the cover property
+     * (or cover_id in the database). Because the modifier is called before
+     * the property is accessed, the modifier must be remembered somehow,
+     * this changes the state of the bean. Accessing a property causes the
+     * bean to clear its modifiers. To clear the modifiers manually you can
+     * use this method.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book->with( 'LIMIT 1' );
+     * $book->clearModifiers()->ownPageList;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above, the 'LIMIT 1' clause is
+     * cleared before accessing the pages of the book, causing all pages
+     * to be loaded in the list instead of just one.
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function clearModifiers()
+    {
+        $this->withSql    = '';
+        $this->withParams = array();
+        $this->aliasName  = NULL;
+        $this->fetchType  = NULL;
+        $this->noLoad     = FALSE;
+        $this->all        = FALSE;
+        $this->via        = NULL;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether a list is opened in exclusive mode or not.
+     * If a list has been opened in exclusive mode this method will return TRUE,
+     * othwerwise it will return FALSE.
+     *
+     * @param string $listName name of the list to check
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function isListInExclusiveMode( $listName )
+    {
+        $listName = $this->beau( $listName );
+
+        if ( strpos( $listName, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $listName, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
+            $listName = substr($listName, 1);
+        }
+        $listName = lcfirst( substr( $listName, 3 ) );
+        return ( isset( $this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] ) && $this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Magic Getter. Gets the value for a specific property in the bean.
+     * If the property does not exist this getter will make sure no error
+     * occurs. This is because RedBean allows you to query (probe) for
+     * properties. If the property can not be found this method will
+     * return NULL instead.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $title = $book->title;
+     * $pages = $book->ownPageList;
+     * $tags  = $book->sharedTagList;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example aboves lists several ways to invoke the magic getter.
+     * You can use the magic setter to access properties, own-lists,
+     * exclusive own-lists (xownLists) and shared-lists.
+     *
+     * @param string $property name of the property you wish to obtain the value of
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function &__get( $property )
+    {
+        $isEx          = FALSE;
+        $isOwn         = FALSE;
+        $isShared      = FALSE;
+        if ( !ctype_lower( $property ) ) {
+            $property = $this->beau( $property );
+            if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
+                $property = substr($property, 1);
+                $listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
+                $isEx     = TRUE;
+                $isOwn    = TRUE;
+                $this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] = TRUE;
+            } elseif ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 3, 1 ) ) )  {
+                $isOwn    = TRUE;
+                $listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
+            } elseif ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 6, 1 ) ) ) {
+                $isShared = TRUE;
+            }
+        }
+        $fieldLink      = $property . '_id';
+        $exists         = isset( $this->properties[$property] );
+
+        //If not exists and no field link and no list, bail out.
+        if ( !$exists && !isset($this->$fieldLink) && (!$isOwn && !$isShared )) {
+            $this->clearModifiers();
+            /**
+             * Github issue:
+             * Remove $NULL to directly return NULL #625
+             * @@ -1097,8 +1097,7 @@ public function &__get( $property )
+             *		$this->all        = FALSE;
+             *		$this->via        = NULL;
+             *
+             * - $NULL = NULL;
+             * - return $NULL;
+             * + return NULL;
+             *
+             * leads to regression:
+             * PHP Stack trace:
+             * PHP 1. {main}() testje.php:0
+             * PHP 2. RedBeanPHP\OODBBean->__get() testje.php:22
+             * Notice: Only variable references should be returned by reference in rb.php on line 2529
+             */
+            $NULL = NULL;
+            return $NULL;
+        }
+
+        $hasAlias       = (!is_null($this->aliasName));
+        $differentAlias = ($hasAlias && $isOwn && isset($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName])) ?
+                                    ($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName] !== $this->aliasName) : FALSE;
+        $hasSQL         = ($this->withSql !== '' || $this->via !== NULL);
+        $hasAll         = (boolean) ($this->all);
+
+        //If exists and no list or exits and list not changed, bail out.
+        if ( $exists && ((!$isOwn && !$isShared ) || (!$hasSQL && !$differentAlias && !$hasAll)) ) {
+            $this->clearModifiers();
+            return $this->properties[$property];
+        }
+
+        list( $redbean, , , $toolbox ) = $this->beanHelper->getExtractedToolbox();
+
+        //If it's another bean, then we load it and return
+        if ( isset( $this->$fieldLink ) ) {
+            $this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
+            if ( isset( $this->__info["sys.parentcache.$property"] ) ) {
+                $bean = $this->__info["sys.parentcache.$property"];
+            } else {
+                if ( isset( self::$aliases[$property] ) ) {
+                    $type = self::$aliases[$property];
+                } elseif ( $this->fetchType ) {
+                    $type = $this->fetchType;
+                    $this->fetchType = NULL;
+                } else {
+                    $type = $property;
+                }
+                $bean = NULL;
+                if ( !is_null( $this->properties[$fieldLink] ) ) {
+                    $bean = $redbean->load( $type, $this->properties[$fieldLink] );
+                    //If the IDs dont match, we failed to load, so try autoresolv in that case...
+                    if ( $bean->id !== $this->properties[$fieldLink] && self::$autoResolve ) {
+                        $type = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getWriter()->inferFetchType( $this->__info['type'], $property );
+                        if ( !is_null( $type) ) {
+                            $bean = $redbean->load( $type, $this->properties[$fieldLink] );
+                            $this->__info["sys.autoresolved.{$property}"] = $type;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            $this->properties[$property] = $bean;
+            $this->clearModifiers();
+            return $this->properties[$property];
+        }
+
+        //Implicit: elseif ( $isOwn || $isShared ) {
+        if ( $this->noLoad ) {
+            $beans = array();
+        } elseif ( $isOwn ) {
+            $beans = $this->getOwnList( $listName, $redbean );
+        } else {
+            $beans = $this->getSharedList( lcfirst( substr( $property, 6 ) ), $redbean, $toolbox );
+        }
+        $this->properties[$property]          = $beans;
+        $this->__info["sys.shadow.$property"] = $beans;
+        $this->__info['tainted']              = TRUE;
 		
-		$this->clearModifiers();
-		return $this->properties[$property];
-
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Magic Setter. Sets the value for a specific property.
-	 * This setter acts as a hook for OODB to mark beans as tainted.
-	 * The tainted meta property can be retrieved using getMeta("tainted").
-	 * The tainted meta property indicates whether a bean has been modified and
-	 * can be used in various caching mechanisms.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $property name of the property you wish to assign a value to
-	 * @param  mixed $value    the value you want to assign
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function __set( $property, $value )
-	{
-		$isEx          = FALSE;
-		$isOwn         = FALSE;
-		$isShared      = FALSE;
-
-		if ( !ctype_lower( $property ) ) {
-			$property = $this->beau( $property );
-			if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
-				$property = substr($property, 1);
-				$listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
-				$isEx     = TRUE;
-				$isOwn    = TRUE;
-				$this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] = TRUE;
-			} elseif ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 3, 1 ) ) )  {
-				$isOwn    = TRUE;
-				$listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
-			} elseif ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 6, 1 ) ) ) {
-				$isShared = TRUE;
-			}
-		} elseif ( self::$convertArraysToJSON && is_array( $value ) ) {
-			$value = json_encode( $value );
-		}
-
-		$hasAlias       = (!is_null($this->aliasName));
-		$differentAlias = ($hasAlias && $isOwn && isset($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName])) ?
-								($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName] !== $this->aliasName) : FALSE;
-		$hasSQL         = ($this->withSql !== '' || $this->via !== NULL);
-		$exists         = isset( $this->properties[$property] );
-		$fieldLink      = $property . '_id';
-		$isFieldLink	= (($pos = strrpos($property, '_id')) !== FALSE) && array_key_exists( ($fieldName = substr($property, 0, $pos)), $this->properties );
-
-
-		if ( ($isOwn || $isShared) &&  (!$exists || $hasSQL || $differentAlias) ) {
-
-			if ( !$this->noLoad ) {
-				list( $redbean, , , $toolbox ) = $this->beanHelper->getExtractedToolbox();
-				if ( $isOwn ) {
-					$beans = $this->getOwnList( $listName, $redbean );
-				} else {
-					$beans = $this->getSharedList( lcfirst( substr( $property, 6 ) ), $redbean, $toolbox );
-				}
-				$this->__info["sys.shadow.$property"] = $beans;
-			}
-		}
-
-		$this->clearModifiers();
-
-		$this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
-		$this->__info['changed'] = TRUE;
-		array_push( $this->__info['changelist'], $property );
-
-		if ( array_key_exists( $fieldLink, $this->properties ) && !( $value instanceof OODBBean ) ) {
-			if ( is_null( $value ) || $value === FALSE ) {
-
-				unset( $this->properties[ $property ]);
-				$this->properties[ $fieldLink ] = NULL;
-
-				return;
-			} else {
-				throw new RedException( 'Cannot cast to bean.' );
-			}
-		}
+        $this->clearModifiers();
+        return $this->properties[$property];
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Magic Setter. Sets the value for a specific property.
+     * This setter acts as a hook for OODB to mark beans as tainted.
+     * The tainted meta property can be retrieved using getMeta("tainted").
+     * The tainted meta property indicates whether a bean has been modified and
+     * can be used in various caching mechanisms.
+     *
+     * @param string $property name of the property you wish to assign a value to
+     * @param  mixed $value    the value you want to assign
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __set( $property, $value )
+    {
+        $isEx          = FALSE;
+        $isOwn         = FALSE;
+        $isShared      = FALSE;
+
+        if ( !ctype_lower( $property ) ) {
+            $property = $this->beau( $property );
+            if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
+                $property = substr($property, 1);
+                $listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
+                $isEx     = TRUE;
+                $isOwn    = TRUE;
+                $this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] = TRUE;
+            } elseif ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 3, 1 ) ) )  {
+                $isOwn    = TRUE;
+                $listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
+            } elseif ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 6, 1 ) ) ) {
+                $isShared = TRUE;
+            }
+        } elseif ( self::$convertArraysToJSON && is_array( $value ) ) {
+            $value = json_encode( $value );
+        }
+
+        $hasAlias       = (!is_null($this->aliasName));
+        $differentAlias = ($hasAlias && $isOwn && isset($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName])) ?
+                                ($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName] !== $this->aliasName) : FALSE;
+        $hasSQL         = ($this->withSql !== '' || $this->via !== NULL);
+        $exists         = isset( $this->properties[$property] );
+        $fieldLink      = $property . '_id';
+        $isFieldLink	= (($pos = strrpos($property, '_id')) !== FALSE) && array_key_exists( ($fieldName = substr($property, 0, $pos)), $this->properties );
+
+
+        if ( ($isOwn || $isShared) &&  (!$exists || $hasSQL || $differentAlias) ) {
+
+            if ( !$this->noLoad ) {
+                list( $redbean, , , $toolbox ) = $this->beanHelper->getExtractedToolbox();
+                if ( $isOwn ) {
+                    $beans = $this->getOwnList( $listName, $redbean );
+                } else {
+                    $beans = $this->getSharedList( lcfirst( substr( $property, 6 ) ), $redbean, $toolbox );
+                }
+                $this->__info["sys.shadow.$property"] = $beans;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->clearModifiers();
+
+        $this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
+        $this->__info['changed'] = TRUE;
+        array_push( $this->__info['changelist'], $property );
+
+        if ( array_key_exists( $fieldLink, $this->properties ) && !( $value instanceof OODBBean ) ) {
+            if ( is_null( $value ) || $value === FALSE ) {
+
+                unset( $this->properties[ $property ]);
+                $this->properties[ $fieldLink ] = NULL;
+
+                return;
+            } else {
+                throw new RedException( 'Cannot cast to bean.' );
+            }
+        }
 		
-		if ( $isFieldLink ){
-			unset( $this->properties[ $fieldName ]);
-			$this->properties[ $property ] = NULL;
-		}
-
-
-		if ( $value === FALSE ) {
-			$value = '0';
-		} elseif ( $value === TRUE ) {
-			$value = '1';
-			/* for some reason there is some kind of bug in xdebug so that it doesnt count this line otherwise... */
-		} elseif ( $value instanceof \DateTime ) { $value = $value->format( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' ); }
-		$this->properties[$property] = $value;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @deprecated
-	 *
-	 * Sets a property of the bean allowing you to keep track of
-	 * the state yourself. This method sets a property of the bean and
-	 * allows you to control how the state of the bean will be affected.
-	 *
-	 * While there may be some circumstances where this method is needed,
-	 * this method is considered to be extremely dangerous.
-	 * This method is only for advanced users.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $property     property
-	 * @param mixed   $value        value
-	 * @param boolean $updateShadow whether you want to update the shadow
-	 * @param boolean $taint        whether you want to mark the bean as tainted
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function setProperty( $property, $value, $updateShadow = FALSE, $taint = FALSE )
-	{
-		$this->properties[$property] = $value;
-
-		if ( $updateShadow ) {
-			$this->__info['sys.shadow.' . $property] = $value;
-		}
-
-		if ( $taint ) {
-			$this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
-			$this->__info['changed'] = TRUE;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the value of a meta property. A meta property
-	 * contains additional information about the bean object that will not
-	 * be stored in the database. Meta information is used to instruct
-	 * RedBeanPHP as well as other systems how to deal with the bean.
-	 * If the property cannot be found this getter will return NULL instead.
-	 *
-	 * Example:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $bean->setMeta( 'flush-cache', TRUE );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * RedBeanPHP also stores meta data in beans, this meta data uses
-	 * keys prefixed with 'sys.' (system).
-	 *
-	 * @param string $path    path to property in meta data
-	 * @param mixed  $default default value
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function getMeta( $path, $default = NULL )
-	{
-		return ( isset( $this->__info[$path] ) ) ? $this->__info[$path] : $default;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets and unsets a meta property.
-	 * Moves a meta property out of the bean.
-	 * This is a short-cut method that can be used instead
-	 * of combining a get/unset.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $path    path to property in meta data
-	 * @param mixed  $default default value
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function moveMeta( $path, $value = NULL )
-	{
-		if ( isset( $this->__info[$path] ) ) {
-			$value = $this->__info[ $path ];
-			unset( $this->__info[ $path ] );
-		}
-		return $value;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Stores a value in the specified Meta information property.
-	 * The first argument should be the key to store the value under,
-	 * the second argument should be the value. It is common to use
-	 * a path-like notation for meta data in RedBeanPHP like:
-	 * 'my.meta.data', however the dots are purely for readability, the
-	 * meta data methods do not store nested structures or hierarchies.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $path  path / key to store value under
-	 * @param mixed  $value value to store in bean (not in database) as meta data
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function setMeta( $path, $value )
-	{
-		$this->__info[$path] = $value;
-		if ( $path == 'type' && !empty($this->beanHelper)) {
-			$this->__info['model'] = $this->beanHelper->getModelForBean( $this );
-		}
-
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Copies the meta information of the specified bean
-	 * This is a convenience method to enable you to
-	 * exchange meta information easily.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean bean to copy meta data of
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function copyMetaFrom( OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		$this->__info = $bean->__info;
-
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sends the call to the registered model.
-	 * This method can also be used to override bean behaviour.
-	 * In that case you don't want an error or exception to be triggered
-	 * if the method does not exist in the model (because it's optional).
-	 * Unfortunately we cannot add an extra argument to __call() for this
-	 * because the signature is fixed. Another option would be to set
-	 * a special flag ( i.e. $this->isOptionalCall ) but that would
-	 * cause additional complexity because we have to deal with extra temporary state.
-	 * So, instead I allowed the method name to be prefixed with '@', in practice
-	 * nobody creates methods like that - however the '@' symbol in PHP is widely known
-	 * to suppress error handling, so we can reuse the semantics of this symbol.
-	 * If a method name gets passed starting with '@' the overrideDontFail variable
-	 * will be set to TRUE and the '@' will be stripped from the function name before
-	 * attempting to invoke the method on the model. This way, we have all the
-	 * logic in one place.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $method name of the method
-	 * @param array  $args   argument list
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function __call( $method, $args )
-	{
-		if ( empty( $this->__info['model'] ) ) {
-			return NULL;
-		}
+        if ( $isFieldLink ){
+            unset( $this->properties[ $fieldName ]);
+            $this->properties[ $property ] = NULL;
+        }
+
+
+        if ( $value === FALSE ) {
+            $value = '0';
+        } elseif ( $value === TRUE ) {
+            $value = '1';
+            /* for some reason there is some kind of bug in xdebug so that it doesnt count this line otherwise... */
+        } elseif ( $value instanceof \DateTime ) { $value = $value->format( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' ); }
+        $this->properties[$property] = $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated
+     *
+     * Sets a property of the bean allowing you to keep track of
+     * the state yourself. This method sets a property of the bean and
+     * allows you to control how the state of the bean will be affected.
+     *
+     * While there may be some circumstances where this method is needed,
+     * this method is considered to be extremely dangerous.
+     * This method is only for advanced users.
+     *
+     * @param string  $property     property
+     * @param mixed   $value        value
+     * @param boolean $updateShadow whether you want to update the shadow
+     * @param boolean $taint        whether you want to mark the bean as tainted
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setProperty( $property, $value, $updateShadow = FALSE, $taint = FALSE )
+    {
+        $this->properties[$property] = $value;
+
+        if ( $updateShadow ) {
+            $this->__info['sys.shadow.' . $property] = $value;
+        }
+
+        if ( $taint ) {
+            $this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
+            $this->__info['changed'] = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value of a meta property. A meta property
+     * contains additional information about the bean object that will not
+     * be stored in the database. Meta information is used to instruct
+     * RedBeanPHP as well as other systems how to deal with the bean.
+     * If the property cannot be found this getter will return NULL instead.
+     *
+     * Example:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $bean->setMeta( 'flush-cache', TRUE );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * RedBeanPHP also stores meta data in beans, this meta data uses
+     * keys prefixed with 'sys.' (system).
+     *
+     * @param string $path    path to property in meta data
+     * @param mixed  $default default value
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function getMeta( $path, $default = NULL )
+    {
+        return ( isset( $this->__info[$path] ) ) ? $this->__info[$path] : $default;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets and unsets a meta property.
+     * Moves a meta property out of the bean.
+     * This is a short-cut method that can be used instead
+     * of combining a get/unset.
+     *
+     * @param string $path    path to property in meta data
+     * @param mixed  $default default value
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function moveMeta( $path, $value = NULL )
+    {
+        if ( isset( $this->__info[$path] ) ) {
+            $value = $this->__info[ $path ];
+            unset( $this->__info[ $path ] );
+        }
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores a value in the specified Meta information property.
+     * The first argument should be the key to store the value under,
+     * the second argument should be the value. It is common to use
+     * a path-like notation for meta data in RedBeanPHP like:
+     * 'my.meta.data', however the dots are purely for readability, the
+     * meta data methods do not store nested structures or hierarchies.
+     *
+     * @param string $path  path / key to store value under
+     * @param mixed  $value value to store in bean (not in database) as meta data
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function setMeta( $path, $value )
+    {
+        $this->__info[$path] = $value;
+        if ( $path == 'type' && !empty($this->beanHelper)) {
+            $this->__info['model'] = $this->beanHelper->getModelForBean( $this );
+        }
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies the meta information of the specified bean
+     * This is a convenience method to enable you to
+     * exchange meta information easily.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean bean to copy meta data of
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function copyMetaFrom( OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        $this->__info = $bean->__info;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends the call to the registered model.
+     * This method can also be used to override bean behaviour.
+     * In that case you don't want an error or exception to be triggered
+     * if the method does not exist in the model (because it's optional).
+     * Unfortunately we cannot add an extra argument to __call() for this
+     * because the signature is fixed. Another option would be to set
+     * a special flag ( i.e. $this->isOptionalCall ) but that would
+     * cause additional complexity because we have to deal with extra temporary state.
+     * So, instead I allowed the method name to be prefixed with '@', in practice
+     * nobody creates methods like that - however the '@' symbol in PHP is widely known
+     * to suppress error handling, so we can reuse the semantics of this symbol.
+     * If a method name gets passed starting with '@' the overrideDontFail variable
+     * will be set to TRUE and the '@' will be stripped from the function name before
+     * attempting to invoke the method on the model. This way, we have all the
+     * logic in one place.
+     *
+     * @param string $method name of the method
+     * @param array  $args   argument list
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function __call( $method, $args )
+    {
+        if ( empty( $this->__info['model'] ) ) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
 		
-		$overrideDontFail = FALSE;
-		if ( strpos( $method, '@' ) === 0 ) {
-			$method = substr( $method, 1 );
-			$overrideDontFail = TRUE;
-		}
+        $overrideDontFail = FALSE;
+        if ( strpos( $method, '@' ) === 0 ) {
+            $method = substr( $method, 1 );
+            $overrideDontFail = TRUE;
+        }
 		
-		if ( !method_exists( $this->__info['model'], $method ) ) {
-
-			if ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === FALSE || $overrideDontFail ) {
-				return NULL;
-			}
-
-			if ( in_array( $method, array( 'update', 'open', 'delete', 'after_delete', 'after_update', 'dispense' ), TRUE ) ) {
-				return NULL;
-			}
-
-			$message = "FUSE: method does not exist in model: $method";
-			if ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_LOG ) {
-				error_log( $message );
-				return NULL;
-			} elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_NOTICE ) {
-				trigger_error( $message, E_USER_NOTICE );
-				return NULL;
-			} elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_WARN ) {
-				trigger_error( $message, E_USER_WARNING );
-				return NULL;
-			} elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_EXCEPTION ) {
-				throw new \Exception( $message );
-			} elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_FUNC ) {
-				$func = self::$errorHandler;
-				return $func(array(
-					'message' => $message,
-					'method' => $method,
-					'args' => $args,
-					'bean' => $this
-				));
-			}
-			trigger_error( $message, E_USER_ERROR );
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		return call_user_func_array( array( $this->__info['model'], $method ), $args );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Implementation of __toString Method
-	 * Routes call to Model. If the model implements a __toString() method this
-	 * method will be called and the result will be returned. In case of an
-	 * echo-statement this result will be printed. If the model does not
-	 * implement a __toString method, this method will return a JSON
-	 * representation of the current bean.
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function __toString()
-	{
-		$string = $this->__call( '@__toString', array() );
-
-		if ( $string === NULL ) {
-			$list = array();
-			foreach($this->properties as $property => $value) {
-				if (is_scalar($value)) {
-					if ( self::$enforceUTF8encoding ) {
-						$list[$property] = mb_convert_encoding($value, 'UTF-8', 'UTF-8');
-					} else {
-						$list[$property] = $value;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			$data = json_encode( $list );
-			return $data;
-		} else {
-			return $string;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
-	 * like an array.
-	 * Call gets routed to __set.
-	 *
-	 * @param  mixed $offset offset string
-	 * @param  mixed $value  value
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function offsetSet( $offset, $value )
-	{
-		$this->__set( $offset, $value );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
-	 * like an array.
-	 *
-	 * Array functions do not reveal x-own-lists and list-alias because
-	 * you dont want duplicate entries in foreach-loops.
-	 * Also offers a slight performance improvement for array access.
-	 *
-	 * @param  mixed $offset property
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function offsetExists( $offset )
-	{
-		return $this->__isset( $offset );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
-	 * like an array.
-	 * Unsets a value from the array/bean.
-	 *
-	 * Array functions do not reveal x-own-lists and list-alias because
-	 * you dont want duplicate entries in foreach-loops.
-	 * Also offers a slight performance improvement for array access.
-	 *
-	 * @param  mixed $offset property
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function offsetUnset( $offset )
-	{
-		$this->__unset( $offset );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
-	 * like an array.
-	 * Returns value of a property.
-	 *
-	 * Array functions do not reveal x-own-lists and list-alias because
-	 * you dont want duplicate entries in foreach-loops.
-	 * Also offers a slight performance improvement for array access.
-	 *
-	 * @param  mixed $offset property
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function &offsetGet( $offset )
-	{
-		return $this->__get( $offset );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Chainable method to cast a certain ID to a bean; for instance:
-	 * $person = $club->fetchAs('person')->member;
-	 * This will load a bean of type person using member_id as ID.
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $type preferred fetch type
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function fetchAs( $type )
-	{
-		$this->fetchType = $type;
-
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Prepares to load a bean using the bean type specified by
-	 * another property.
-	 * Similar to fetchAs but uses a column instead of a direct value.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $car = R::load( 'car', $id );
-	 * $engine = $car->poly('partType')->part;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above, we have a bean of type car that
-	 * may consists of several parts (i.e. chassis, wheels).
-	 * To obtain the 'engine' we access the property 'part'
-	 * using the type (i.e. engine) specified by the property
-	 * indicated by the argument of poly().
-	 * This essentially is a polymorph relation, hence the name.
-	 * In database this relation might look like this:
-	 *
-	 * partType | part_id
-	 * --------------------
-	 * engine   | 1020300
-	 * wheel    | 4820088
-	 * chassis  | 7823122
-	 *
-	 * @param string $field field name to use for mapping
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function poly( $field )
-	{
-		return $this->fetchAs( $this->$field );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Traverses a bean property with the specified function.
-	 * Recursively iterates through the property invoking the
-	 * function for each bean along the way passing the bean to it.
-	 *
-	 * Can be used together with with, withCondition, alias and fetchAs.
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $task
-	 *    ->withCondition(' priority >= ? ', [ $priority ])
-	 *    ->traverse('ownTaskList', function( $t ) use ( &$todo ) {
-	 *       $todo[] = $t->descr;
-	 *    } );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example, we create a to-do list by traversing a
-	 * hierarchical list of tasks while filtering out all tasks
-	 * having a low priority.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $property property
-	 * @param callable $function function
-	 * @param integer $maxDepth maximum depth for traversal
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 * @throws RedException
-	 */
-	public function traverse( $property, $function, $maxDepth = NULL )
-	{
-		$this->via = NULL;
-		if ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) !== FALSE ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Traverse only works with (x)own-lists.' );
-		}
-
-		if ( !is_null( $maxDepth ) ) {
-			if ( !$maxDepth-- ) return $this;
-		}
-
-		$oldFetchType = $this->fetchType;
-		$oldAliasName = $this->aliasName;
-		$oldWith      = $this->withSql;
-		$oldBindings  = $this->withParams;
-
-		$beans = $this->$property;
-
-		if ( $beans === NULL ) return $this;
-
-		if ( !is_array( $beans ) ) $beans = array( $beans );
-
-		foreach( $beans as $bean ) {
-			$function( $bean );
-			$bean->fetchType  = $oldFetchType;
-			$bean->aliasName  = $oldAliasName;
-			$bean->withSql    = $oldWith;
-			$bean->withParams = $oldBindings;
-
-			$bean->traverse( $property, $function, $maxDepth );
-		}
-
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Implementation of Countable interface. Makes it possible to use
-	 * count() function on a bean. This method gets invoked if you use
-	 * the count() function on a bean. The count() method will return
-	 * the number of properties of the bean, this includes the id property.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $bean = R::dispense('bean');
-	 * $bean->property1 = 1;
-	 * $bean->property2 = 2;
-	 * echo count($bean); //prints 3 (cause id is also a property)
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above will print the number 3 to stdout.
-	 * Although we have assigned values to just two properties, the
-	 * primary key id is also a property of the bean and together
-	 * that makes 3. Besides using the count() function, you can also
-	 * call this method using a method notation: $bean->count().
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function count()
-	{
-		return count( $this->properties );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks whether a bean is empty or not.
-	 * A bean is empty if it has no other properties than the id field OR
-	 * if all the other properties are 'empty()' (this might
-	 * include NULL and FALSE values).
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $newBean = R::dispense( 'bean' );
-	 * $newBean->isEmpty(); // TRUE
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above demonstrates that newly dispensed beans are
-	 * considered 'empty'.
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function isEmpty()
-	{
-		$empty = TRUE;
-		foreach ( $this->properties as $key => $value ) {
-			if ( $key == 'id' ) {
-				continue;
-			}
-			if ( !empty( $value ) ) {
-				$empty = FALSE;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return $empty;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Chainable setter.
-	 * This method is actually the same as just setting a value
-	 * using a magic setter (->property = ...). The difference
-	 * is that you can chain these setters like this:
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book->setAttr('title', 'mybook')->setAttr('author', 'me');
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This is the same as setting both properties $book->title and
-	 * $book->author. Sometimes a chained notation can improve the
-	 * readability of the code.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $property the property of the bean
-	 * @param mixed  $value    the value you want to set
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function setAttr( $property, $value )
-	{
-		$this->$property = $value;
-
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Convience method.
-	 * Unsets all properties in the internal properties array.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $bean->property = 1;
-	 * $bean->unsetAll( array( 'property' ) );
-	 * $bean->property; //NULL
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above the 'property' of the bean will be
-	 * unset, resulting in the getter returning NULL instead of 1.
-	 *
-	 * @param array $properties properties you want to unset.
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function unsetAll( $properties )
-	{
-		foreach ( $properties as $prop ) {
-			if ( isset( $this->properties[$prop] ) ) {
-				unset( $this->properties[$prop] );
-			}
-		}
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns original (old) value of a property.
-	 * You can use this method to see what has changed in a
-	 * bean. The original value of a property is the value that
-	 * this property has had since the bean has been retrieved
-	 * from the databases.
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book->title = 'new title';
-	 * $oldTitle = $book->old('title');
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example shows how to use the old() method.
-	 * Here we set the title property of the bean to 'new title', then
-	 * we obtain the original value using old('title') and store it in
-	 * a variable $oldTitle.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $property name of the property you want the old value of
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function old( $property )
-	{
-		$old = $this->getMeta( 'sys.orig', array() );
-
-		if ( array_key_exists( $property, $old ) ) {
-			return $old[$property];
-		}
-
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Convenience method.
-	 *
-	 * Returns TRUE if the bean has been changed, or FALSE otherwise.
-	 * Same as $bean->getMeta('tainted');
-	 * Note that a bean becomes tainted as soon as you retrieve a list from
-	 * the bean. This is because the bean lists are arrays and the bean cannot
-	 * determine whether you have made modifications to a list so RedBeanPHP
-	 * will mark the whole bean as tainted.
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function isTainted()
-	{
-		return $this->getMeta( 'tainted' );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns TRUE if the value of a certain property of the bean has been changed and
-	 * FALSE otherwise.
-	 *
-	 * Note that this method will return TRUE if applied to a loaded list.
-	 * Also note that this method keeps track of the bean's history regardless whether
-	 * it has been stored or not. Storing a bean does not undo it's history,
-	 * to clean the history of a bean use: clearHistory().
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $property name of the property you want the change-status of
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function hasChanged( $property )
-	{
-		return ( array_key_exists( $property, $this->properties ) ) ?
-			$this->old( $property ) != $this->properties[$property] : FALSE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns TRUE if the specified list exists, has been loaded
-	 * and has been changed:
-	 * beans have been added or deleted.
-	 * This method will not tell you anything about
-	 * the state of the beans in the list.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book->hasListChanged( 'ownPage' ); // FALSE
-	 * array_pop( $book->ownPageList );
-	 * $book->hasListChanged( 'ownPage' ); // TRUE
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example, the first time we ask whether the
-	 * own-page list has been changed we get FALSE. Then we pop
-	 * a page from the list and the hasListChanged() method returns TRUE.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $property name of the list to check
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function hasListChanged( $property )
-	{
-		if ( !array_key_exists( $property, $this->properties ) ) return FALSE;
-		$diffAdded = array_diff_assoc( $this->properties[$property], $this->__info['sys.shadow.'.$property] );
-		if ( count( $diffAdded ) ) return TRUE;
-		$diffMissing = array_diff_assoc( $this->__info['sys.shadow.'.$property], $this->properties[$property] );
-		if ( count( $diffMissing ) ) return TRUE;
-		return FALSE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Clears (syncs) the history of the bean.
-	 * Resets all shadow values of the bean to their current value.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book->title = 'book';
-	 * echo $book->hasChanged( 'title' ); //TRUE
-	 * R::store( $book );
-	 * echo $book->hasChanged( 'title' ); //TRUE
-	 * $book->clearHistory();
-	 * echo $book->hasChanged( 'title' ); //FALSE
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Note that even after store(), the history of the bean still
-	 * contains the act of changing the title of the book.
-	 * Only after invoking clearHistory() will the history of the bean
-	 * be cleared and will hasChanged() return FALSE.
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function clearHistory()
-	{
-		$this->__info['sys.orig'] = array();
-		foreach( $this->properties as $key => $value ) {
-			if ( is_scalar($value) ) {
-				$this->__info['sys.orig'][$key] = $value;
-			} else {
-				$this->__info['sys.shadow.'.$key] = $value;
-			}
-		}
-		$this->__info[ 'changelist' ] = array();
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Creates a N-M relation by linking an intermediate bean.
-	 * This method can be used to quickly connect beans using indirect
-	 * relations. For instance, given an album and a song you can connect the two
-	 * using a track with a number like this:
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $album->link('track', array('number'=>1))->song = $song;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * or:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $album->link($trackBean)->song = $song;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * What this method does is adding the link bean to the own-list, in this case
-	 * ownTrack. If the first argument is a string and the second is an array or
-	 * a JSON string then the linking bean gets dispensed on-the-fly as seen in
-	 * example #1. After preparing the linking bean, the bean is returned thus
-	 * allowing the chained setter: ->song = $song.
-	 *
-	 * @param string|OODBBean $typeOrBean    type of bean to dispense or the full bean
-	 * @param string|array    $qualification JSON string or array (optional)
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function link( $typeOrBean, $qualification = array() )
-	{
-		if ( is_string( $typeOrBean ) ) {
-			$typeOrBean = AQueryWriter::camelsSnake( $typeOrBean );
-			$bean = $this->beanHelper->getToolBox()->getRedBean()->dispense( $typeOrBean );
-			if ( is_string( $qualification ) ) {
-				$data = json_decode( $qualification, TRUE );
-			} else {
-				$data = $qualification;
-			}
-			foreach ( $data as $key => $value ) {
-				$bean->$key = $value;
-			}
-		} else {
-			$bean = $typeOrBean;
-		}
-		$list = 'own' . ucfirst( $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) );
-		array_push( $this->$list, $bean );
-		return $bean;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns a bean of the given type with the same ID of as
-	 * the current one. This only happens in a one-to-one relation.
-	 * This is as far as support for 1-1 goes in RedBeanPHP. This
-	 * method will only return a reference to the bean, changing it
-	 * and storing the bean will not update the related one-bean.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $author = R::load( 'author', $id );
-	 * $biography = $author->one( 'bio' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example loads the biography associated with the author
-	 * using a one-to-one relation. These relations are generally not
-	 * created (nor supported) by RedBeanPHP.
-	 *
-	 * @param  $type type of bean to load
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function one( $type ) {
-		return $this->beanHelper
-			->getToolBox()
-			->getRedBean()
-			->load( $type, $this->id );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Reloads the bean.
-	 * Returns the same bean freshly loaded from the database.
-	 * This method is equal to the following code:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $id = $bean->id;
-	 * $type = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-	 * $bean = R::load( $type, $id );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This is just a convenience method to reload beans
-	 * quickly.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::exec( ...update query... );
-	 * $book = $book->fresh();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The code snippet above illustrates how to obtain changes
-	 * caused by an UPDATE query, simply by reloading the bean using
-	 * the fresh() method.
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function fresh()
-	{
-		return $this->beanHelper
-			->getToolbox()
-			->getRedBean()
-			->load( $this->getMeta( 'type' ), $this->properties['id'] );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Registers a association renaming globally.
-	 * Use via() and link() to associate shared beans using a
-	 * 3rd bean that will act as an intermediate type. For instance
-	 * consider an employee and a project. We could associate employees
-	 * with projects using a sharedEmployeeList. But, maybe there is more
-	 * to the relationship than just the association. Maybe we want
-	 * to qualify the relation between a project and an employee with
-	 * a role: 'developer', 'designer', 'tester' and so on. In that case,
-	 * it might be better to introduce a new concept to reflect this:
-	 * the participant. However, we still want the flexibility to
-	 * query our employees in one go. This is where link() and via()
-	 * can help. You can still introduce the more applicable
-	 * concept (participant) and have your easy access to the shared beans.
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $Anna = R::dispense( 'employee' );
-	 * $Anna->badge   = 'Anna';
-	 * $project = R::dispense( 'project' );
-	 * $project->name = 'x';
-	 * $Anna->link( 'participant', array(
-	 *	 'arole' => 'developer'
-	 *	) )->project = $project;
-	 * R::storeAll( array( $project,  $Anna )  );
-	 * $employees = $project
-	 *	->with(' ORDER BY badge ASC ')
-	 *  ->via( 'participant' )
-	 *  ->sharedEmployee;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This piece of code creates a project and an employee.
-	 * It then associates the two using a via-relation called
-	 * 'participant' ( employee <-> participant <-> project ).
-	 * So, there will be a table named 'participant' instead of
-	 * a table named 'employee_project'. Using the via() method, the
-	 * employees associated with the project are retrieved 'via'
-	 * the participant table (and an SQL snippet to order them by badge).
-	 *
-	 * @param string $via type you wish to use for shared lists
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function via( $via )
-	{
-		$this->via = AQueryWriter::camelsSnake( $via );
-
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Counts all own beans of type $type.
-	 * Also works with alias(), with() and withCondition().
-	 * Own-beans or xOwn-beans (exclusively owned beans) are beans
-	 * that have been associated using a one-to-many relation. They can
-	 * be accessed through the ownXList where X is the type of the
-	 * associated beans.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $Bill->alias( 'author' )
-	 *      ->countOwn( 'book' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above counts all the books associated with 'author'
-	 * $Bill.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type the type of bean you want to count
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function countOwn( $type )
-	{
-		$type = $this->beau( $type );
-		if ( $this->aliasName ) {
-			$myFieldLink     = $this->aliasName . '_id';
-			$this->aliasName = NULL;
-		} else {
-			$myFieldLink = $this->__info['type'] . '_id';
-		}
-		$count = 0;
-		if ( $this->getID() ) {
-			reset( $this->withParams );
-			$joinSql = $this->parseJoin( $type );
-			$firstKey = count( $this->withParams ) > 0
-				? key( $this->withParams )
-				: 0;
-			if ( is_int( $firstKey ) ) {
-				$bindings = array_merge( array( $this->getID() ), $this->withParams );
-				$count    = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getWriter()->queryRecordCount( $type, array(), "{$joinSql} $myFieldLink = ? " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
-			} else {
-				$bindings           = $this->withParams;
-				$bindings[':slot0'] = $this->getID();
-				$count              = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getWriter()->queryRecordCount( $type, array(), "{$joinSql} $myFieldLink = :slot0 " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
-			}
-		}
-		$this->clearModifiers();
-		return (int) $count;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Counts all shared beans of type $type.
-	 * Also works with via(), with() and withCondition().
-	 * Shared beans are beans that have an many-to-many relation.
-	 * They can be accessed using the sharedXList, where X the
-	 * type of the shared bean.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book = R::dispense( 'book' );
-	 * $book->sharedPageList = R::dispense( 'page', 5 );
-	 * R::store( $book );
-	 * echo $book->countShared( 'page' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The code snippet above will output '5', because there
-	 * are 5 beans of type 'page' in the shared list.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of bean you wish to count
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function countShared( $type )
-	{
-		$toolbox = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox();
-		$redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
-		$writer  = $toolbox->getWriter();
-		if ( $this->via ) {
-			$oldName = $writer->getAssocTable( array( $this->__info['type'], $type ) );
-			if ( $oldName !== $this->via ) {
-				//set the new renaming rule
-				$writer->renameAssocTable( $oldName, $this->via );
-				$this->via = NULL;
-			}
-		}
-		$type  = $this->beau( $type );
-		$count = 0;
-		if ( $this->getID() ) {
-			$count = $redbean->getAssociationManager()->relatedCount( $this, $type, $this->withSql, $this->withParams );
-		}
-		$this->clearModifiers();
-		return (integer) $count;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Iterates through the specified own-list and
-	 * fetches all properties (with their type) and
-	 * returns the references.
-	 * Use this method to quickly load indirectly related
-	 * beans in an own-list. Whenever you cannot use a
-	 * shared-list this method offers the same convenience
-	 * by aggregating the parent beans of all children in
-	 * the specified own-list.
-	 *
-	 * Example:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $quest->aggr( 'xownQuestTarget', 'target', 'quest' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Loads (in batch) and returns references to all
-	 * quest beans residing in the $questTarget->target properties
-	 * of each element in the xownQuestTargetList.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $list     the list you wish to process
-	 * @param string $property the property to load
-	 * @param string $type     the type of bean residing in this property (optional)
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function &aggr( $list, $property, $type = NULL )
-	{
-		$this->via = NULL;
-		$ids = $beanIndex = $references = array();
-
-		if ( strlen( $list ) < 4 ) throw new RedException('Invalid own-list.');
-		if ( strpos( $list, 'own') !== 0 ) throw new RedException('Only own-lists can be aggregated.');
-		if ( !ctype_upper( substr( $list, 3, 1 ) ) ) throw new RedException('Invalid own-list.');
-
-		if ( is_null( $type ) ) $type = $property;
-
-		foreach( $this->$list as $bean ) {
-			$field = $property . '_id';
-			if ( isset( $bean->$field)  ) {
-				$ids[] = $bean->$field;
-				$beanIndex[$bean->$field] = $bean;
-			}
-		}
-
-		$beans = $this->beanHelper->getToolBox()->getRedBean()->batch( $type, $ids );
-
-		//now preload the beans as well
-		foreach( $beans as $bean ) {
-			$beanIndex[$bean->id]->setProperty( $property, $bean );
-		}
-
-		foreach( $beanIndex as $indexedBean ) {
-			$references[] = $indexedBean->$property;
-		}
-
-		return $references;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Tests whether the database identities of two beans are equal.
-	 * Two beans are considered 'equal' if:
-	 *
-	 * a. the types of the beans match
-	 * b. the ids of the beans match
-	 *
-	 * Returns TRUE if the beans are considered equal according to this
-	 * specification and FALSE otherwise.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $coffee->fetchAs( 'flavour' )->taste->equals(
-	 *    R::enum('flavour:mocca')
-	 * );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above compares the flavour label 'mocca' with
-	 * the flavour label attachec to the $coffee bean. This illustrates
-	 * how to use equals() with RedBeanPHP-style enums.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean other bean
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function equals(OODBBean $bean)
-	{
-		return (bool) (
-			   ( (string) $this->properties['id'] === (string) $bean->properties['id'] )
-			&& ( (string) $this->__info['type']   === (string) $bean->__info['type']   )
-		);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Magic method jsonSerialize,
-	 * implementation for the \JsonSerializable interface,
-	 * this method gets called by json_encode and
-	 * facilitates a better JSON representation
-	 * of the bean. Exports the bean on JSON serialization,
-	 * for the JSON fans.
-	 *
-	 * Models can override jsonSerialize (issue #651) by
-	 * implementing a __jsonSerialize method which should return
-	 * an array. The __jsonSerialize override gets called with
-	 * the @ modifier to prevent errors or warnings.
-	 *
-	 * @see  http://php.net/manual/en/class.jsonserializable.php
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function jsonSerialize()
-	{
-		$json = $this->__call( '@__jsonSerialize', array( ) );
-
-		if ( $json !== NULL ) {
-			return $json;
-		}
-
-		return $this->export();
-	}
+        if ( !method_exists( $this->__info['model'], $method ) ) {
+
+            if ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === FALSE || $overrideDontFail ) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            if ( in_array( $method, array( 'update', 'open', 'delete', 'after_delete', 'after_update', 'dispense' ), TRUE ) ) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            $message = "FUSE: method does not exist in model: $method";
+            if ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_LOG ) {
+                error_log( $message );
+                return NULL;
+            } elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_NOTICE ) {
+                trigger_error( $message, E_USER_NOTICE );
+                return NULL;
+            } elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_WARN ) {
+                trigger_error( $message, E_USER_WARNING );
+                return NULL;
+            } elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_EXCEPTION ) {
+                throw new \Exception( $message );
+            } elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_FUNC ) {
+                $func = self::$errorHandler;
+                return $func(array(
+                    'message' => $message,
+                    'method' => $method,
+                    'args' => $args,
+                    'bean' => $this
+                ));
+            }
+            trigger_error( $message, E_USER_ERROR );
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return call_user_func_array( array( $this->__info['model'], $method ), $args );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implementation of __toString Method
+     * Routes call to Model. If the model implements a __toString() method this
+     * method will be called and the result will be returned. In case of an
+     * echo-statement this result will be printed. If the model does not
+     * implement a __toString method, this method will return a JSON
+     * representation of the current bean.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function __toString()
+    {
+        $string = $this->__call( '@__toString', array() );
+
+        if ( $string === NULL ) {
+            $list = array();
+            foreach($this->properties as $property => $value) {
+                if (is_scalar($value)) {
+                    if ( self::$enforceUTF8encoding ) {
+                        $list[$property] = mb_convert_encoding($value, 'UTF-8', 'UTF-8');
+                    } else {
+                        $list[$property] = $value;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            $data = json_encode( $list );
+            return $data;
+        } else {
+            return $string;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
+     * like an array.
+     * Call gets routed to __set.
+     *
+     * @param  mixed $offset offset string
+     * @param  mixed $value  value
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function offsetSet( $offset, $value )
+    {
+        $this->__set( $offset, $value );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
+     * like an array.
+     *
+     * Array functions do not reveal x-own-lists and list-alias because
+     * you dont want duplicate entries in foreach-loops.
+     * Also offers a slight performance improvement for array access.
+     *
+     * @param  mixed $offset property
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function offsetExists( $offset )
+    {
+        return $this->__isset( $offset );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
+     * like an array.
+     * Unsets a value from the array/bean.
+     *
+     * Array functions do not reveal x-own-lists and list-alias because
+     * you dont want duplicate entries in foreach-loops.
+     * Also offers a slight performance improvement for array access.
+     *
+     * @param  mixed $offset property
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function offsetUnset( $offset )
+    {
+        $this->__unset( $offset );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
+     * like an array.
+     * Returns value of a property.
+     *
+     * Array functions do not reveal x-own-lists and list-alias because
+     * you dont want duplicate entries in foreach-loops.
+     * Also offers a slight performance improvement for array access.
+     *
+     * @param  mixed $offset property
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function &offsetGet( $offset )
+    {
+        return $this->__get( $offset );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Chainable method to cast a certain ID to a bean; for instance:
+     * $person = $club->fetchAs('person')->member;
+     * This will load a bean of type person using member_id as ID.
+     *
+     * @param  string $type preferred fetch type
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function fetchAs( $type )
+    {
+        $this->fetchType = $type;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepares to load a bean using the bean type specified by
+     * another property.
+     * Similar to fetchAs but uses a column instead of a direct value.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $car = R::load( 'car', $id );
+     * $engine = $car->poly('partType')->part;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above, we have a bean of type car that
+     * may consists of several parts (i.e. chassis, wheels).
+     * To obtain the 'engine' we access the property 'part'
+     * using the type (i.e. engine) specified by the property
+     * indicated by the argument of poly().
+     * This essentially is a polymorph relation, hence the name.
+     * In database this relation might look like this:
+     *
+     * partType | part_id
+     * --------------------
+     * engine   | 1020300
+     * wheel    | 4820088
+     * chassis  | 7823122
+     *
+     * @param string $field field name to use for mapping
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function poly( $field )
+    {
+        return $this->fetchAs( $this->$field );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Traverses a bean property with the specified function.
+     * Recursively iterates through the property invoking the
+     * function for each bean along the way passing the bean to it.
+     *
+     * Can be used together with with, withCondition, alias and fetchAs.
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $task
+     *    ->withCondition(' priority >= ? ', [ $priority ])
+     *    ->traverse('ownTaskList', function( $t ) use ( &$todo ) {
+     *       $todo[] = $t->descr;
+     *    } );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example, we create a to-do list by traversing a
+     * hierarchical list of tasks while filtering out all tasks
+     * having a low priority.
+     *
+     * @param string $property property
+     * @param callable $function function
+     * @param integer $maxDepth maximum depth for traversal
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     * @throws RedException
+     */
+    public function traverse( $property, $function, $maxDepth = NULL )
+    {
+        $this->via = NULL;
+        if ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) !== FALSE ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Traverse only works with (x)own-lists.' );
+        }
+
+        if ( !is_null( $maxDepth ) ) {
+            if ( !$maxDepth-- ) return $this;
+        }
+
+        $oldFetchType = $this->fetchType;
+        $oldAliasName = $this->aliasName;
+        $oldWith      = $this->withSql;
+        $oldBindings  = $this->withParams;
+
+        $beans = $this->$property;
+
+        if ( $beans === NULL ) return $this;
+
+        if ( !is_array( $beans ) ) $beans = array( $beans );
+
+        foreach( $beans as $bean ) {
+            $function( $bean );
+            $bean->fetchType  = $oldFetchType;
+            $bean->aliasName  = $oldAliasName;
+            $bean->withSql    = $oldWith;
+            $bean->withParams = $oldBindings;
+
+            $bean->traverse( $property, $function, $maxDepth );
+        }
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implementation of Countable interface. Makes it possible to use
+     * count() function on a bean. This method gets invoked if you use
+     * the count() function on a bean. The count() method will return
+     * the number of properties of the bean, this includes the id property.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $bean = R::dispense('bean');
+     * $bean->property1 = 1;
+     * $bean->property2 = 2;
+     * echo count($bean); //prints 3 (cause id is also a property)
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above will print the number 3 to stdout.
+     * Although we have assigned values to just two properties, the
+     * primary key id is also a property of the bean and together
+     * that makes 3. Besides using the count() function, you can also
+     * call this method using a method notation: $bean->count().
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function count()
+    {
+        return count( $this->properties );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether a bean is empty or not.
+     * A bean is empty if it has no other properties than the id field OR
+     * if all the other properties are 'empty()' (this might
+     * include NULL and FALSE values).
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $newBean = R::dispense( 'bean' );
+     * $newBean->isEmpty(); // TRUE
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above demonstrates that newly dispensed beans are
+     * considered 'empty'.
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function isEmpty()
+    {
+        $empty = TRUE;
+        foreach ( $this->properties as $key => $value ) {
+            if ( $key == 'id' ) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if ( !empty( $value ) ) {
+                $empty = FALSE;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $empty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Chainable setter.
+     * This method is actually the same as just setting a value
+     * using a magic setter (->property = ...). The difference
+     * is that you can chain these setters like this:
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book->setAttr('title', 'mybook')->setAttr('author', 'me');
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This is the same as setting both properties $book->title and
+     * $book->author. Sometimes a chained notation can improve the
+     * readability of the code.
+     *
+     * @param string $property the property of the bean
+     * @param mixed  $value    the value you want to set
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function setAttr( $property, $value )
+    {
+        $this->$property = $value;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convience method.
+     * Unsets all properties in the internal properties array.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $bean->property = 1;
+     * $bean->unsetAll( array( 'property' ) );
+     * $bean->property; //NULL
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above the 'property' of the bean will be
+     * unset, resulting in the getter returning NULL instead of 1.
+     *
+     * @param array $properties properties you want to unset.
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function unsetAll( $properties )
+    {
+        foreach ( $properties as $prop ) {
+            if ( isset( $this->properties[$prop] ) ) {
+                unset( $this->properties[$prop] );
+            }
+        }
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns original (old) value of a property.
+     * You can use this method to see what has changed in a
+     * bean. The original value of a property is the value that
+     * this property has had since the bean has been retrieved
+     * from the databases.
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book->title = 'new title';
+     * $oldTitle = $book->old('title');
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example shows how to use the old() method.
+     * Here we set the title property of the bean to 'new title', then
+     * we obtain the original value using old('title') and store it in
+     * a variable $oldTitle.
+     *
+     * @param string $property name of the property you want the old value of
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function old( $property )
+    {
+        $old = $this->getMeta( 'sys.orig', array() );
+
+        if ( array_key_exists( $property, $old ) ) {
+            return $old[$property];
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method.
+     *
+     * Returns TRUE if the bean has been changed, or FALSE otherwise.
+     * Same as $bean->getMeta('tainted');
+     * Note that a bean becomes tainted as soon as you retrieve a list from
+     * the bean. This is because the bean lists are arrays and the bean cannot
+     * determine whether you have made modifications to a list so RedBeanPHP
+     * will mark the whole bean as tainted.
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function isTainted()
+    {
+        return $this->getMeta( 'tainted' );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns TRUE if the value of a certain property of the bean has been changed and
+     * FALSE otherwise.
+     *
+     * Note that this method will return TRUE if applied to a loaded list.
+     * Also note that this method keeps track of the bean's history regardless whether
+     * it has been stored or not. Storing a bean does not undo it's history,
+     * to clean the history of a bean use: clearHistory().
+     *
+     * @param string  $property name of the property you want the change-status of
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function hasChanged( $property )
+    {
+        return ( array_key_exists( $property, $this->properties ) ) ?
+            $this->old( $property ) != $this->properties[$property] : FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns TRUE if the specified list exists, has been loaded
+     * and has been changed:
+     * beans have been added or deleted.
+     * This method will not tell you anything about
+     * the state of the beans in the list.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book->hasListChanged( 'ownPage' ); // FALSE
+     * array_pop( $book->ownPageList );
+     * $book->hasListChanged( 'ownPage' ); // TRUE
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example, the first time we ask whether the
+     * own-page list has been changed we get FALSE. Then we pop
+     * a page from the list and the hasListChanged() method returns TRUE.
+     *
+     * @param string $property name of the list to check
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function hasListChanged( $property )
+    {
+        if ( !array_key_exists( $property, $this->properties ) ) return FALSE;
+        $diffAdded = array_diff_assoc( $this->properties[$property], $this->__info['sys.shadow.'.$property] );
+        if ( count( $diffAdded ) ) return TRUE;
+        $diffMissing = array_diff_assoc( $this->__info['sys.shadow.'.$property], $this->properties[$property] );
+        if ( count( $diffMissing ) ) return TRUE;
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears (syncs) the history of the bean.
+     * Resets all shadow values of the bean to their current value.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book->title = 'book';
+     * echo $book->hasChanged( 'title' ); //TRUE
+     * R::store( $book );
+     * echo $book->hasChanged( 'title' ); //TRUE
+     * $book->clearHistory();
+     * echo $book->hasChanged( 'title' ); //FALSE
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Note that even after store(), the history of the bean still
+     * contains the act of changing the title of the book.
+     * Only after invoking clearHistory() will the history of the bean
+     * be cleared and will hasChanged() return FALSE.
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    public function clearHistory()
+    {
+        $this->__info['sys.orig'] = array();
+        foreach( $this->properties as $key => $value ) {
+            if ( is_scalar($value) ) {
+                $this->__info['sys.orig'][$key] = $value;
+            } else {
+                $this->__info['sys.shadow.'.$key] = $value;
+            }
+        }
+        $this->__info[ 'changelist' ] = array();
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a N-M relation by linking an intermediate bean.
+     * This method can be used to quickly connect beans using indirect
+     * relations. For instance, given an album and a song you can connect the two
+     * using a track with a number like this:
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $album->link('track', array('number'=>1))->song = $song;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * or:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $album->link($trackBean)->song = $song;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * What this method does is adding the link bean to the own-list, in this case
+     * ownTrack. If the first argument is a string and the second is an array or
+     * a JSON string then the linking bean gets dispensed on-the-fly as seen in
+     * example #1. After preparing the linking bean, the bean is returned thus
+     * allowing the chained setter: ->song = $song.
+     *
+     * @param string|OODBBean $typeOrBean    type of bean to dispense or the full bean
+     * @param string|array    $qualification JSON string or array (optional)
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function link( $typeOrBean, $qualification = array() )
+    {
+        if ( is_string( $typeOrBean ) ) {
+            $typeOrBean = AQueryWriter::camelsSnake( $typeOrBean );
+            $bean = $this->beanHelper->getToolBox()->getRedBean()->dispense( $typeOrBean );
+            if ( is_string( $qualification ) ) {
+                $data = json_decode( $qualification, TRUE );
+            } else {
+                $data = $qualification;
+            }
+            foreach ( $data as $key => $value ) {
+                $bean->$key = $value;
+            }
+        } else {
+            $bean = $typeOrBean;
+        }
+        $list = 'own' . ucfirst( $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) );
+        array_push( $this->$list, $bean );
+        return $bean;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a bean of the given type with the same ID of as
+     * the current one. This only happens in a one-to-one relation.
+     * This is as far as support for 1-1 goes in RedBeanPHP. This
+     * method will only return a reference to the bean, changing it
+     * and storing the bean will not update the related one-bean.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $author = R::load( 'author', $id );
+     * $biography = $author->one( 'bio' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example loads the biography associated with the author
+     * using a one-to-one relation. These relations are generally not
+     * created (nor supported) by RedBeanPHP.
+     *
+     * @param  $type type of bean to load
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function one( $type ) {
+        return $this->beanHelper
+            ->getToolBox()
+            ->getRedBean()
+            ->load( $type, $this->id );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reloads the bean.
+     * Returns the same bean freshly loaded from the database.
+     * This method is equal to the following code:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $id = $bean->id;
+     * $type = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+     * $bean = R::load( $type, $id );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This is just a convenience method to reload beans
+     * quickly.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::exec( ...update query... );
+     * $book = $book->fresh();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The code snippet above illustrates how to obtain changes
+     * caused by an UPDATE query, simply by reloading the bean using
+     * the fresh() method.
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function fresh()
+    {
+        return $this->beanHelper
+            ->getToolbox()
+            ->getRedBean()
+            ->load( $this->getMeta( 'type' ), $this->properties['id'] );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a association renaming globally.
+     * Use via() and link() to associate shared beans using a
+     * 3rd bean that will act as an intermediate type. For instance
+     * consider an employee and a project. We could associate employees
+     * with projects using a sharedEmployeeList. But, maybe there is more
+     * to the relationship than just the association. Maybe we want
+     * to qualify the relation between a project and an employee with
+     * a role: 'developer', 'designer', 'tester' and so on. In that case,
+     * it might be better to introduce a new concept to reflect this:
+     * the participant. However, we still want the flexibility to
+     * query our employees in one go. This is where link() and via()
+     * can help. You can still introduce the more applicable
+     * concept (participant) and have your easy access to the shared beans.
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $Anna = R::dispense( 'employee' );
+     * $Anna->badge   = 'Anna';
+     * $project = R::dispense( 'project' );
+     * $project->name = 'x';
+     * $Anna->link( 'participant', array(
+     *	 'arole' => 'developer'
+     *	) )->project = $project;
+     * R::storeAll( array( $project,  $Anna )  );
+     * $employees = $project
+     *	->with(' ORDER BY badge ASC ')
+     *  ->via( 'participant' )
+     *  ->sharedEmployee;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This piece of code creates a project and an employee.
+     * It then associates the two using a via-relation called
+     * 'participant' ( employee <-> participant <-> project ).
+     * So, there will be a table named 'participant' instead of
+     * a table named 'employee_project'. Using the via() method, the
+     * employees associated with the project are retrieved 'via'
+     * the participant table (and an SQL snippet to order them by badge).
+     *
+     * @param string $via type you wish to use for shared lists
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function via( $via )
+    {
+        $this->via = AQueryWriter::camelsSnake( $via );
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Counts all own beans of type $type.
+     * Also works with alias(), with() and withCondition().
+     * Own-beans or xOwn-beans (exclusively owned beans) are beans
+     * that have been associated using a one-to-many relation. They can
+     * be accessed through the ownXList where X is the type of the
+     * associated beans.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $Bill->alias( 'author' )
+     *      ->countOwn( 'book' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above counts all the books associated with 'author'
+     * $Bill.
+     *
+     * @param string $type the type of bean you want to count
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function countOwn( $type )
+    {
+        $type = $this->beau( $type );
+        if ( $this->aliasName ) {
+            $myFieldLink     = $this->aliasName . '_id';
+            $this->aliasName = NULL;
+        } else {
+            $myFieldLink = $this->__info['type'] . '_id';
+        }
+        $count = 0;
+        if ( $this->getID() ) {
+            reset( $this->withParams );
+            $joinSql = $this->parseJoin( $type );
+            $firstKey = count( $this->withParams ) > 0
+                ? key( $this->withParams )
+                : 0;
+            if ( is_int( $firstKey ) ) {
+                $bindings = array_merge( array( $this->getID() ), $this->withParams );
+                $count    = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getWriter()->queryRecordCount( $type, array(), "{$joinSql} $myFieldLink = ? " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
+            } else {
+                $bindings           = $this->withParams;
+                $bindings[':slot0'] = $this->getID();
+                $count              = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getWriter()->queryRecordCount( $type, array(), "{$joinSql} $myFieldLink = :slot0 " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
+            }
+        }
+        $this->clearModifiers();
+        return (int) $count;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Counts all shared beans of type $type.
+     * Also works with via(), with() and withCondition().
+     * Shared beans are beans that have an many-to-many relation.
+     * They can be accessed using the sharedXList, where X the
+     * type of the shared bean.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book = R::dispense( 'book' );
+     * $book->sharedPageList = R::dispense( 'page', 5 );
+     * R::store( $book );
+     * echo $book->countShared( 'page' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The code snippet above will output '5', because there
+     * are 5 beans of type 'page' in the shared list.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of bean you wish to count
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function countShared( $type )
+    {
+        $toolbox = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox();
+        $redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
+        $writer  = $toolbox->getWriter();
+        if ( $this->via ) {
+            $oldName = $writer->getAssocTable( array( $this->__info['type'], $type ) );
+            if ( $oldName !== $this->via ) {
+                //set the new renaming rule
+                $writer->renameAssocTable( $oldName, $this->via );
+                $this->via = NULL;
+            }
+        }
+        $type  = $this->beau( $type );
+        $count = 0;
+        if ( $this->getID() ) {
+            $count = $redbean->getAssociationManager()->relatedCount( $this, $type, $this->withSql, $this->withParams );
+        }
+        $this->clearModifiers();
+        return (integer) $count;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Iterates through the specified own-list and
+     * fetches all properties (with their type) and
+     * returns the references.
+     * Use this method to quickly load indirectly related
+     * beans in an own-list. Whenever you cannot use a
+     * shared-list this method offers the same convenience
+     * by aggregating the parent beans of all children in
+     * the specified own-list.
+     *
+     * Example:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $quest->aggr( 'xownQuestTarget', 'target', 'quest' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Loads (in batch) and returns references to all
+     * quest beans residing in the $questTarget->target properties
+     * of each element in the xownQuestTargetList.
+     *
+     * @param string $list     the list you wish to process
+     * @param string $property the property to load
+     * @param string $type     the type of bean residing in this property (optional)
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function &aggr( $list, $property, $type = NULL )
+    {
+        $this->via = NULL;
+        $ids = $beanIndex = $references = array();
+
+        if ( strlen( $list ) < 4 ) throw new RedException('Invalid own-list.');
+        if ( strpos( $list, 'own') !== 0 ) throw new RedException('Only own-lists can be aggregated.');
+        if ( !ctype_upper( substr( $list, 3, 1 ) ) ) throw new RedException('Invalid own-list.');
+
+        if ( is_null( $type ) ) $type = $property;
+
+        foreach( $this->$list as $bean ) {
+            $field = $property . '_id';
+            if ( isset( $bean->$field)  ) {
+                $ids[] = $bean->$field;
+                $beanIndex[$bean->$field] = $bean;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $beans = $this->beanHelper->getToolBox()->getRedBean()->batch( $type, $ids );
+
+        //now preload the beans as well
+        foreach( $beans as $bean ) {
+            $beanIndex[$bean->id]->setProperty( $property, $bean );
+        }
+
+        foreach( $beanIndex as $indexedBean ) {
+            $references[] = $indexedBean->$property;
+        }
+
+        return $references;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests whether the database identities of two beans are equal.
+     * Two beans are considered 'equal' if:
+     *
+     * a. the types of the beans match
+     * b. the ids of the beans match
+     *
+     * Returns TRUE if the beans are considered equal according to this
+     * specification and FALSE otherwise.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $coffee->fetchAs( 'flavour' )->taste->equals(
+     *    R::enum('flavour:mocca')
+     * );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above compares the flavour label 'mocca' with
+     * the flavour label attachec to the $coffee bean. This illustrates
+     * how to use equals() with RedBeanPHP-style enums.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean other bean
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function equals(OODBBean $bean)
+    {
+        return (bool) (
+                ( (string) $this->properties['id'] === (string) $bean->properties['id'] )
+            && ( (string) $this->__info['type']   === (string) $bean->__info['type']   )
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Magic method jsonSerialize,
+     * implementation for the \JsonSerializable interface,
+     * this method gets called by json_encode and
+     * facilitates a better JSON representation
+     * of the bean. Exports the bean on JSON serialization,
+     * for the JSON fans.
+     *
+     * Models can override jsonSerialize (issue #651) by
+     * implementing a __jsonSerialize method which should return
+     * an array. The __jsonSerialize override gets called with
+     * the @ modifier to prevent errors or warnings.
+     *
+     * @see  http://php.net/manual/en/class.jsonserializable.php
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function jsonSerialize()
+    {
+        $json = $this->__call( '@__jsonSerialize', array( ) );
+
+        if ( $json !== NULL ) {
+            return $json;
+        }
+
+        return $this->export();
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -3756,57 +3756,57 @@ 
  */
 abstract class Observable { //bracket must be here - otherwise coverage software does not understand.
 
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	private $observers = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * Implementation of the Observer Pattern.
-	 * Adds an event listener to the observable object.
-	 * First argument should be the name of the event you wish to listen for.
-	 * Second argument should be the object that wants to be notified in case
-	 * the event occurs.
-	 *
-	 * @param string   $eventname event identifier
-	 * @param Observer $observer  observer instance
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function addEventListener( $eventname, Observer $observer )
-	{
-		if ( !isset( $this->observers[$eventname] ) ) {
-			$this->observers[$eventname] = array();
-		}
-
-		if ( in_array( $observer, $this->observers[$eventname] ) ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		$this->observers[$eventname][] = $observer;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Notifies listeners.
-	 * Sends the signal $eventname, the event identifier and a message object
-	 * to all observers that have been registered to receive notification for
-	 * this event. Part of the observer pattern implementation in RedBeanPHP.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $eventname event you want signal
-	 * @param mixed  $info      message object to send along
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function signal( $eventname, $info )
-	{
-		if ( !isset( $this->observers[$eventname] ) ) {
-			$this->observers[$eventname] = array();
-		}
-
-		foreach ( $this->observers[$eventname] as $observer ) {
-			$observer->onEvent( $eventname, $info );
-		}
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    private $observers = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Implementation of the Observer Pattern.
+     * Adds an event listener to the observable object.
+     * First argument should be the name of the event you wish to listen for.
+     * Second argument should be the object that wants to be notified in case
+     * the event occurs.
+     *
+     * @param string   $eventname event identifier
+     * @param Observer $observer  observer instance
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function addEventListener( $eventname, Observer $observer )
+    {
+        if ( !isset( $this->observers[$eventname] ) ) {
+            $this->observers[$eventname] = array();
+        }
+
+        if ( in_array( $observer, $this->observers[$eventname] ) ) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->observers[$eventname][] = $observer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notifies listeners.
+     * Sends the signal $eventname, the event identifier and a message object
+     * to all observers that have been registered to receive notification for
+     * this event. Part of the observer pattern implementation in RedBeanPHP.
+     *
+     * @param string $eventname event you want signal
+     * @param mixed  $info      message object to send along
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function signal( $eventname, $info )
+    {
+        if ( !isset( $this->observers[$eventname] ) ) {
+            $this->observers[$eventname] = array();
+        }
+
+        foreach ( $this->observers[$eventname] as $observer ) {
+            $observer->onEvent( $eventname, $info );
+        }
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -3830,18 +3830,18 @@ 
  */
 interface Observer
 {
-	/**
-	 * An observer object needs to be capable of receiving
-	 * notifications. Therefore the observer needs to implement the
-	 * onEvent method with two parameters: the event identifier specifying the
-	 * current event and a message object (in RedBeanPHP this can also be a bean).
-	 *
-	 * @param string $eventname event identifier
-	 * @param mixed  $bean      a message sent along with the notification
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function onEvent( $eventname, $bean );
+    /**
+     * An observer object needs to be capable of receiving
+     * notifications. Therefore the observer needs to implement the
+     * onEvent method with two parameters: the event identifier specifying the
+     * current event and a message object (in RedBeanPHP this can also be a bean).
+     *
+     * @param string $eventname event identifier
+     * @param mixed  $bean      a message sent along with the notification
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function onEvent( $eventname, $bean );
 }
 }
 
@@ -3864,188 +3864,188 @@ 
  */
 interface Adapter
 {
-	/**
-	 * Should returns a string containing the most recent SQL query
-	 * that has been processed by the adapter.
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function getSQL();
-
-	/**
-	 * Executes an SQL Statement using an array of values to bind
-	 * If $noevent is TRUE then this function will not signal its
-	 * observers to notify about the SQL execution; this to prevent
-	 * infinite recursion when using observers.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $sql      string containing SQL code for database
-	 * @param array   $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
-	 * @param boolean $noevent  no event firing
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function exec( $sql, $bindings = array(), $noevent = FALSE );
-
-	/**
-	 * Executes an SQL Query and returns a resultset.
-	 * This method returns a multi dimensional resultset similar to getAll
-	 * The values array can be used to bind values to the place holders in the
-	 * SQL query.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
-	 * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function get( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Executes an SQL Query and returns a resultset.
-	 * This method returns a single row (one array) resultset.
-	 * The values array can be used to bind values to the place holders in the
-	 * SQL query.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
-	 * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getRow( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Executes an SQL Query and returns a resultset.
-	 * This method returns a single column (one array) resultset.
-	 * The values array can be used to bind values to the place holders in the
-	 * SQL query.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
-	 * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getCol( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Executes an SQL Query and returns a resultset.
-	 * This method returns a single cell, a scalar value as the resultset.
-	 * The values array can be used to bind values to the place holders in the
-	 * SQL query.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
-	 * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function getCell( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Executes the SQL query specified in $sql and takes
-	 * the first two columns of the resultset. This function transforms the
-	 * resultset into an associative array. Values from the the first column will
-	 * serve as keys while the values of the second column will be used as values.
-	 * The values array can be used to bind values to the place holders in the
-	 * SQL query.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
-	 * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getAssoc( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Executes the SQL query specified in $sql and indexes
-	 * the row by the first column.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      Sstring containing SQL code for databaseQL
-	 * @param array  $bindings values to bind
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getAssocRow( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the latest insert ID.
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function getInsertID();
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the number of rows that have been
-	 * affected by the last update statement.
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function getAffectedRows();
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns a database agnostic Cursor object.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
-	 * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
-	 *
-	 * @return Cursor
-	 */
-	public function getCursor( $sql, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the original database resource. This is useful if you want to
-	 * perform operations on the driver directly instead of working with the
-	 * adapter. RedBean will only access the adapter and never to talk
-	 * directly to the driver though.
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function getDatabase();
-
-	/**
-	 * This method is part of the RedBean Transaction Management
-	 * mechanisms.
-	 * Starts a transaction.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function startTransaction();
-
-	/**
-	 * This method is part of the RedBean Transaction Management
-	 * mechanisms.
-	 * Commits the transaction.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function commit();
-
-	/**
-	 * This method is part of the RedBean Transaction Management
-	 * mechanisms.
-	 * Rolls back the transaction.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function rollback();
-
-	/**
-	 * Closes database connection.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function close();
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets a driver specific option.
-	 * Using this method you can access driver-specific functions.
-	 * If the selected option exists the value will be passed and
-	 * this method will return boolean TRUE, otherwise it will return
-	 * boolean FALSE.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $optionKey   option key
-	 * @param string $optionValue option value
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function setOption( $optionKey, $optionValue );
+    /**
+     * Should returns a string containing the most recent SQL query
+     * that has been processed by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getSQL();
+
+    /**
+     * Executes an SQL Statement using an array of values to bind
+     * If $noevent is TRUE then this function will not signal its
+     * observers to notify about the SQL execution; this to prevent
+     * infinite recursion when using observers.
+     *
+     * @param string  $sql      string containing SQL code for database
+     * @param array   $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
+     * @param boolean $noevent  no event firing
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function exec( $sql, $bindings = array(), $noevent = FALSE );
+
+    /**
+     * Executes an SQL Query and returns a resultset.
+     * This method returns a multi dimensional resultset similar to getAll
+     * The values array can be used to bind values to the place holders in the
+     * SQL query.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
+     * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function get( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Executes an SQL Query and returns a resultset.
+     * This method returns a single row (one array) resultset.
+     * The values array can be used to bind values to the place holders in the
+     * SQL query.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
+     * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getRow( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Executes an SQL Query and returns a resultset.
+     * This method returns a single column (one array) resultset.
+     * The values array can be used to bind values to the place holders in the
+     * SQL query.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
+     * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getCol( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Executes an SQL Query and returns a resultset.
+     * This method returns a single cell, a scalar value as the resultset.
+     * The values array can be used to bind values to the place holders in the
+     * SQL query.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
+     * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getCell( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Executes the SQL query specified in $sql and takes
+     * the first two columns of the resultset. This function transforms the
+     * resultset into an associative array. Values from the the first column will
+     * serve as keys while the values of the second column will be used as values.
+     * The values array can be used to bind values to the place holders in the
+     * SQL query.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
+     * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getAssoc( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Executes the SQL query specified in $sql and indexes
+     * the row by the first column.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      Sstring containing SQL code for databaseQL
+     * @param array  $bindings values to bind
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getAssocRow( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the latest insert ID.
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function getInsertID();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of rows that have been
+     * affected by the last update statement.
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function getAffectedRows();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a database agnostic Cursor object.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      string containing SQL code for database
+     * @param array  $bindings array of values to bind to parameters in query string
+     *
+     * @return Cursor
+     */
+    public function getCursor( $sql, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the original database resource. This is useful if you want to
+     * perform operations on the driver directly instead of working with the
+     * adapter. RedBean will only access the adapter and never to talk
+     * directly to the driver though.
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function getDatabase();
+
+    /**
+     * This method is part of the RedBean Transaction Management
+     * mechanisms.
+     * Starts a transaction.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function startTransaction();
+
+    /**
+     * This method is part of the RedBean Transaction Management
+     * mechanisms.
+     * Commits the transaction.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function commit();
+
+    /**
+     * This method is part of the RedBean Transaction Management
+     * mechanisms.
+     * Rolls back the transaction.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function rollback();
+
+    /**
+     * Closes database connection.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function close();
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a driver specific option.
+     * Using this method you can access driver-specific functions.
+     * If the selected option exists the value will be passed and
+     * this method will return boolean TRUE, otherwise it will return
+     * boolean FALSE.
+     *
+     * @param string $optionKey   option key
+     * @param string $optionValue option value
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function setOption( $optionKey, $optionValue );
 }
 }
 
@@ -4076,258 +4076,258 @@ 
  */
 class DBAdapter extends Observable implements Adapter
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var Driver
-	 */
-	private $db = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	private $sql = '';
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor.
-	 *
-	 * Creates an instance of the RedBean Adapter Class.
-	 * This class provides an interface for RedBean to work
-	 * with ADO compatible DB instances.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
-	 * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
-	 * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
-	 * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
-	 * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
-	 * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
-	 * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
-	 * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
-	 * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
-	 * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
-	 *
-	 * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
-	 * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
-	 * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
-	 * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
-	 * object.
-	 *
-	 * @param Driver $database ADO Compatible DB Instance
-	 */
-	public function __construct( $database )
-	{
-		$this->db = $database;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns a string containing the most recent SQL query
-	 * processed by the database adapter, thus conforming to the
-	 * interface:
-	 *
-	 * @see Adapter::getSQL
-	 *
-	 * Methods like get(), getRow() and exec() cause this SQL cache
-	 * to get filled. If no SQL query has been processed yet this function
-	 * will return an empty string.
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function getSQL()
-	{
-		return $this->sql;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var Driver
+     */
+    private $db = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private $sql = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * Creates an instance of the RedBean Adapter Class.
+     * This class provides an interface for RedBean to work
+     * with ADO compatible DB instances.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
+     * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
+     * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
+     * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
+     * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
+     * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
+     * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
+     * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
+     * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
+     * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
+     * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
+     * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
+     *
+     * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
+     * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
+     * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
+     * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
+     * object.
+     *
+     * @param Driver $database ADO Compatible DB Instance
+     */
+    public function __construct( $database )
+    {
+        $this->db = $database;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string containing the most recent SQL query
+     * processed by the database adapter, thus conforming to the
+     * interface:
+     *
+     * @see Adapter::getSQL
+     *
+     * Methods like get(), getRow() and exec() cause this SQL cache
+     * to get filled. If no SQL query has been processed yet this function
+     * will return an empty string.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getSQL()
+    {
+        return $this->sql;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::exec
+     */
+    public function exec( $sql, $bindings = array(), $noevent = FALSE )
+    {
+        if ( !$noevent ) {
+            $this->sql = $sql;
+            $this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
+        }
+
+        return $this->db->Execute( $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::get
+     */
+    public function get( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $this->sql = $sql;
+        $this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
+
+        return $this->db->GetAll( $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::getRow
+     */
+    public function getRow( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $this->sql = $sql;
+        $this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
+
+        return $this->db->GetRow( $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::getCol
+     */
+    public function getCol( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $this->sql = $sql;
+        $this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
+
+        return $this->db->GetCol( $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::getAssoc
+     */
+    public function getAssoc( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $this->sql = $sql;
+
+        $this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
+
+        $rows  = $this->db->GetAll( $sql, $bindings );
+
+        if ( !$rows ) {
+            return array();
+        }
+
+        $assoc = array();
+		
+        foreach ( $rows as $row ) {
+            if ( empty( $row ) ) continue;
+
+            $key   = array_shift( $row );
+            switch ( count( $row ) ) {
+                case 0:
+                    $value = $key;
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    $value = reset( $row );
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $value = $row;
+            }
+
+            $assoc[$key] = $value;
+        }
+
+        return $assoc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::getAssocRow
+     */
+    public function getAssocRow($sql, $bindings = array())
+    {
+        $this->sql = $sql;
+        $this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
+
+        return $this->db->GetAssocRow( $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::getCell
+     */
+    public function getCell( $sql, $bindings = array(), $noSignal = NULL )
+    {
+        $this->sql = $sql;
+
+        if ( !$noSignal ) $this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
+
+        return $this->db->GetOne( $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::getCursor
+     */
+    public function getCursor( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return $this->db->GetCursor( $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::getInsertID
+     */
+    public function getInsertID()
+    {
+        return $this->db->getInsertID();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::getAffectedRows
+     */
+    public function getAffectedRows()
+    {
+        return $this->db->Affected_Rows();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::getDatabase
+     */
+    public function getDatabase()
+    {
+        return $this->db;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::startTransaction
+     */
+    public function startTransaction()
+    {
+        $this->db->StartTrans();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::commit
+     */
+    public function commit()
+    {
+        $this->db->CommitTrans();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::rollback
+     */
+    public function rollback()
+    {
+        $this->db->FailTrans();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::close.
+     */
+    public function close()
+    {
+        $this->db->close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Adapter::setOption
+     */
+    public function setOption( $optionKey, $optionValue ) {
+        if ( method_exists( $this->db, $optionKey ) ) {
+            call_user_func( array( $this->db, $optionKey ), $optionValue );
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+}
 
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::exec
-	 */
-	public function exec( $sql, $bindings = array(), $noevent = FALSE )
-	{
-		if ( !$noevent ) {
-			$this->sql = $sql;
-			$this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
-		}
-
-		return $this->db->Execute( $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::get
-	 */
-	public function get( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$this->sql = $sql;
-		$this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
-
-		return $this->db->GetAll( $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::getRow
-	 */
-	public function getRow( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$this->sql = $sql;
-		$this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
-
-		return $this->db->GetRow( $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::getCol
-	 */
-	public function getCol( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$this->sql = $sql;
-		$this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
-
-		return $this->db->GetCol( $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::getAssoc
-	 */
-	public function getAssoc( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$this->sql = $sql;
-
-		$this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
-
-		$rows  = $this->db->GetAll( $sql, $bindings );
-
-		if ( !$rows ) {
-			return array();
-		}
-
-		$assoc = array();
-		
-		foreach ( $rows as $row ) {
-			if ( empty( $row ) ) continue;
-
-			$key   = array_shift( $row );
-			switch ( count( $row ) ) {
-				case 0:
-					$value = $key;
-					break;
-				case 1:
-					$value = reset( $row );
-					break;
-				default:
-					$value = $row;
-			}
-
-			$assoc[$key] = $value;
-		}
-
-		return $assoc;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::getAssocRow
-	 */
-	public function getAssocRow($sql, $bindings = array())
-	{
-		$this->sql = $sql;
-		$this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
-
-		return $this->db->GetAssocRow( $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::getCell
-	 */
-	public function getCell( $sql, $bindings = array(), $noSignal = NULL )
-	{
-		$this->sql = $sql;
-
-		if ( !$noSignal ) $this->signal( 'sql_exec', $this );
-
-		return $this->db->GetOne( $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::getCursor
-	 */
-	public function getCursor( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return $this->db->GetCursor( $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::getInsertID
-	 */
-	public function getInsertID()
-	{
-		return $this->db->getInsertID();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::getAffectedRows
-	 */
-	public function getAffectedRows()
-	{
-		return $this->db->Affected_Rows();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::getDatabase
-	 */
-	public function getDatabase()
-	{
-		return $this->db;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::startTransaction
-	 */
-	public function startTransaction()
-	{
-		$this->db->StartTrans();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::commit
-	 */
-	public function commit()
-	{
-		$this->db->CommitTrans();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::rollback
-	 */
-	public function rollback()
-	{
-		$this->db->FailTrans();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::close.
-	 */
-	public function close()
-	{
-		$this->db->close();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Adapter::setOption
-	 */
-	public function setOption( $optionKey, $optionValue ) {
-		if ( method_exists( $this->db, $optionKey ) ) {
-			call_user_func( array( $this->db, $optionKey ), $optionValue );
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-		return FALSE;
-	}
-}
-}
-
-namespace RedBeanPHP {
+namespace RedBeanPHP {
 
 /**
  * Database Cursor Interface.
@@ -4349,30 +4349,30 @@ 
  */
 interface Cursor
 {
-	/**
-	 * Should retrieve the next row of the result set.
-	 * This method is used to iterate over the result set.
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getNextItem();
+    /**
+     * Should retrieve the next row of the result set.
+     * This method is used to iterate over the result set.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getNextItem();
 	
-	/**
-	 * Resets the cursor by closing it and re-executing the statement.
-	 * This reloads fresh data from the database for the whole collection.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function reset();
-
-	/**
-	 * Closes the database cursor.
-	 * Some databases require a cursor to be closed before executing
-	 * another statement/opening a new cursor.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function close();
+    /**
+     * Resets the cursor by closing it and re-executing the statement.
+     * This reloads fresh data from the database for the whole collection.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function reset();
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the database cursor.
+     * Some databases require a cursor to be closed before executing
+     * another statement/opening a new cursor.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function close();
 }
 }
 
@@ -4399,54 +4399,54 @@ 
  */
 class PDOCursor implements Cursor
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var PDOStatement
-	 */
-	protected $res;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $fetchStyle;
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor, creates a new instance of a PDO Database Cursor.
-	 *
-	 * @param PDOStatement $res        the PDO statement
-	 * @param string       $fetchStyle fetch style constant to use
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function __construct( \PDOStatement $res, $fetchStyle )
-	{
-		$this->res = $res;
-		$this->fetchStyle = $fetchStyle;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Cursor::getNextItem
-	 */
-	public function getNextItem()
-	{
-		return $this->res->fetch();
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var PDOStatement
+     */
+    protected $res;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $fetchStyle;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor, creates a new instance of a PDO Database Cursor.
+     *
+     * @param PDOStatement $res        the PDO statement
+     * @param string       $fetchStyle fetch style constant to use
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct( \PDOStatement $res, $fetchStyle )
+    {
+        $this->res = $res;
+        $this->fetchStyle = $fetchStyle;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Cursor::getNextItem
+     */
+    public function getNextItem()
+    {
+        return $this->res->fetch();
+    }
 	
-	/**
-	 * @see Cursor::reset
-	 */
-	public function reset()
-	{
-		$this->close();
-		$this->res->execute();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Cursor::close
-	 */
-	public function close()
-	{
-		$this->res->closeCursor();
-	}
+    /**
+     * @see Cursor::reset
+     */
+    public function reset()
+    {
+        $this->close();
+        $this->res->execute();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Cursor::close
+     */
+    public function close()
+    {
+        $this->res->closeCursor();
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -4472,29 +4472,29 @@ 
  */
 class NullCursor implements Cursor
 {
-	/**
-	 * @see Cursor::getNextItem
-	 */
-	public function getNextItem()
-	{
-		return NULL;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @see Cursor::getNextItem
+     */
+    public function getNextItem()
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
 	
-	/**
-	 * @see Cursor::reset
-	 */
-	public function reset()
-	{
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see Cursor::close
-	 */
-	public function close()
-	{
-		return NULL;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @see Cursor::reset
+     */
+    public function reset()
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Cursor::close
+     */
+    public function close()
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -4528,74 +4528,74 @@ 
  */
 class BeanCollection
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var Cursor
-	 */
-	protected $cursor = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var Repository
-	 */
-	protected $repository = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $type = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor, creates a new instance of the BeanCollection.
-	 *
-	 * @param string     $type       type of beans in this collection
-	 * @param Repository $repository repository to use to generate bean objects
-	 * @param Cursor     $cursor     cursor object to use
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function __construct( $type, Repository $repository, Cursor $cursor )
-	{
-		$this->type = $type;
-		$this->cursor = $cursor;
-		$this->repository = $repository;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the next bean in the collection.
-	 * If called the first time, this will return the first bean in the collection.
-	 * If there are no more beans left in the collection, this method
-	 * will return NULL.
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean|NULL
-	 */
-	public function next()
-	{
-		$row = $this->cursor->getNextItem();
-		if ( $row ) {
-			$beans = $this->repository->convertToBeans( $this->type, array( $row ) );
-			return reset( $beans );
-		}
-		return NULL;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var Cursor
+     */
+    protected $cursor = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var Repository
+     */
+    protected $repository = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $type = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor, creates a new instance of the BeanCollection.
+     *
+     * @param string     $type       type of beans in this collection
+     * @param Repository $repository repository to use to generate bean objects
+     * @param Cursor     $cursor     cursor object to use
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct( $type, Repository $repository, Cursor $cursor )
+    {
+        $this->type = $type;
+        $this->cursor = $cursor;
+        $this->repository = $repository;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the next bean in the collection.
+     * If called the first time, this will return the first bean in the collection.
+     * If there are no more beans left in the collection, this method
+     * will return NULL.
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean|NULL
+     */
+    public function next()
+    {
+        $row = $this->cursor->getNextItem();
+        if ( $row ) {
+            $beans = $this->repository->convertToBeans( $this->type, array( $row ) );
+            return reset( $beans );
+        }
+        return NULL;
+    }
 	
-	/**
-	 * Resets the collection from the start, like a fresh() on a bean.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function reset()
-	{
-		$this->cursor->reset();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Closes the underlying cursor (needed for some databases).
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function close()
-	{
-		$this->cursor->close();
-	}
+    /**
+     * Resets the collection from the start, like a fresh() on a bean.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function reset()
+    {
+        $this->cursor->reset();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the underlying cursor (needed for some databases).
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function close()
+    {
+        $this->cursor->close();
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -4628,512 +4628,512 @@ 
  */
 interface QueryWriter
 {
-	/**
-	 * SQL filter constants
-	 */
-	const C_SQLFILTER_READ  = 'r';
-	const C_SQLFILTER_WRITE = 'w';
-
-	/**
-	 * Query Writer constants.
-	 */
-	const C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE                  = 1;
-	const C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN                 = 2;
-	const C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION = 3;
-	const C_SQLSTATE_LOCK_TIMEOUT                   = 4;
-
-	/**
-	 * Define data type regions
-	 *
-	 * 00 - 80: normal data types
-	 * 80 - 99: special data types, only scan/code if requested
-	 * 99     : specified by user, don't change
-	 */
-	const C_DATATYPE_RANGE_SPECIAL   = 80;
-	const C_DATATYPE_RANGE_SPECIFIED = 99;
-
-	/**
-	 * Define GLUE types for use with glueSQLCondition methods.
-	 * Determines how to prefix a snippet of SQL before appending it
-	 * to other SQL (or integrating it, mixing it otherwise).
-	 *
-	 * WHERE - glue as WHERE condition
-	 * AND   - glue as AND condition
-	 */
-	const C_GLUE_WHERE = 1;
-	const C_GLUE_AND   = 2;
-
-	/**
-	 * Writes an SQL Snippet for a JOIN, returns the
-	 * SQL snippet string.
-	 *
-	 * @note A default implementation is available in AQueryWriter
-	 * unless a database uses very different SQL this should suffice.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type       source type
-	 * @param string $targetType target type (type to join)
-	 * @param string $joinType   type of join (possible: 'LEFT', 'RIGHT' or 'INNER').
-	 *
-	 * @return string $joinSQLSnippet
-	 */
-	public function writeJoin( $type, $targetType, $joinType );
-
-	/**
-	 * Glues an SQL snippet to the beginning of a WHERE clause.
-	 * This ensures users don't have to add WHERE to their query snippets.
-	 *
-	 * The snippet gets prefixed with WHERE or AND
-	 * if it starts with a condition.
-	 *
-	 * If the snippet does NOT start with a condition (or this function thinks so)
-	 * the snippet is returned as-is.
-	 *
-	 * The GLUE type determines the prefix:
-	 *
-	 * * NONE  prefixes with WHERE
-	 * * WHERE prefixes with WHERE and replaces AND if snippets starts with AND
-	 * * AND   prefixes with AND
-	 *
-	 * This method will never replace WHERE with AND since a snippet should never
-	 * begin with WHERE in the first place. OR is not supported.
-	 *
-	 * Only a limited set of clauses will be recognized as non-conditions.
-	 * For instance beginning a snippet with complex statements like JOIN or UNION
-	 * will not work. This is too complex for use in a snippet.
-	 *
-	 * @note A default implementation is available in AQueryWriter
-	 * unless a database uses very different SQL this should suffice.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $sql  SQL Snippet
-	 * @param integer $glue the GLUE type - how to glue (C_GLUE_WHERE or C_GLUE_AND)
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function glueSQLCondition( $sql, $glue = NULL );
-
-	/**
-	 * Determines if there is a LIMIT 1 clause in the SQL.
-	 * If not, it will add a LIMIT 1. (used for findOne).
-	 *
-	 * @note A default implementation is available in AQueryWriter
-	 * unless a database uses very different SQL this should suffice.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql query to scan and adjust
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function glueLimitOne( $sql );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the tables that are in the database.
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getTables();
-
-	/**
-	 * This method will create a table for the bean.
-	 * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of bean you want to create a table for
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function createTable( $type );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns an array containing all the columns of the specified type.
-	 * The format of the return array looks like this:
-	 * $field => $type where $field is the name of the column and $type
-	 * is a database specific description of the datatype.
-	 *
-	 * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of bean you want to obtain a column list of
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getColumns( $type );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the Column Type Code (integer) that corresponds
-	 * to the given value type. This method is used to determine the minimum
-	 * column type required to represent the given value. There are two modes of
-	 * operation: with or without special types. Scanning without special types
-	 * requires the second parameter to be set to FALSE. This is useful when the
-	 * column has already been created and prevents it from being modified to
-	 * an incompatible type leading to data loss. Special types will be taken
-	 * into account when a column does not exist yet (parameter is then set to TRUE).
-	 *
-	 * Special column types are determines by the AQueryWriter constant
-	 * C_DATA_TYPE_ONLY_IF_NOT_EXISTS (usually 80). Another 'very special' type is type
-	 * C_DATA_TYPE_MANUAL (usually 99) which represents a user specified type. Although
-	 * no special treatment has been associated with the latter for now.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $value                   value
-	 * @param boolean $alsoScanSpecialForTypes take special types into account
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function scanType( $value, $alsoScanSpecialForTypes = FALSE );
-
-	/**
-	 * This method will add a column to a table.
-	 * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type   name of the table
-	 * @param string  $column name of the column
-	 * @param integer $field  data type for field
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function addColumn( $type, $column, $field );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the Type Code for a Column Description.
-	 * Given an SQL column description this method will return the corresponding
-	 * code for the writer. If the include specials flag is set it will also
-	 * return codes for special columns. Otherwise special columns will be identified
-	 * as specified columns.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $typedescription description
-	 * @param boolean $includeSpecials whether you want to get codes for special columns as well
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function code( $typedescription, $includeSpecials = FALSE );
-
-	/**
-	 * This method will widen the column to the specified data type.
-	 * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type     type / table that needs to be adjusted
-	 * @param string  $column   column that needs to be altered
-	 * @param integer $datatype target data type
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function widenColumn( $type, $column, $datatype );
-
-	/**
-	 * Selects records from the database.
-	 * This methods selects the records from the database that match the specified
-	 * type, conditions (optional) and additional SQL snippet (optional).
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type       name of the table you want to query
-	 * @param array  $conditions criteria ( $column => array( $values ) )
-	 * @param string $addSql     additional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array  $bindings   bindings for SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function queryRecord( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Selects records from the database and returns a cursor.
-	 * This methods selects the records from the database that match the specified
-	 * type, conditions (optional) and additional SQL snippet (optional).
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type       name of the table you want to query
-	 * @param array  $conditions criteria ( $column => array( $values ) )
-	 * @param string $addSQL     additional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array  $bindings   bindings for SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return Cursor
-	 */
-	public function queryRecordWithCursor( $type, $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns records through an intermediate type. This method is used to obtain records using a link table and
-	 * allows the SQL snippets to reference columns in the link table for additional filtering or ordering.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sourceType source type, the reference type you want to use to fetch related items on the other side
-	 * @param string $destType   destination type, the target type you want to get beans of
-	 * @param mixed  $linkID     ID to use for the link table
-	 * @param string $addSql     Additional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array  $bindings   Bindings for SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function queryRecordRelated( $sourceType, $destType, $linkID, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the row that links $sourceType $sourcID to $destType $destID in an N-M relation.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sourceType source type, the first part of the link you're looking for
-	 * @param string $destType   destination type, the second part of the link you're looking for
-	 * @param string $sourceID   ID for the source
-	 * @param string $destID     ID for the destination
-	 *
-	 * @return array|null
-	 */
-	public function queryRecordLink( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID, $destID );
-
-	/**
-	 * Counts the number of records in the database that match the
-	 * conditions and additional SQL.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type       name of the table you want to query
-	 * @param array  $conditions criteria ( $column => array( $values ) )
-	 * @param string $addSQL     additional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array  $bindings   bindings for SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function queryRecordCount( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the number of records linked through $linkType and satisfying the SQL in $addSQL/$bindings.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sourceType source type
-	 * @param string $targetType the thing you want to count
-	 * @param mixed  $linkID     the of the source type
-	 * @param string $addSQL     additional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array  $bindings   bindings for SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function queryRecordCountRelated( $sourceType, $targetType, $linkID, $addSQL = '', $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns all rows of specified type that have been tagged with one of the
-	 * strings in the specified tag list array.
-	 *
-	 * Note that the additional SQL snippet can only be used for pagination,
-	 * the SQL snippet will be appended to the end of the query.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type     the bean type you want to query
-	 * @param array   $tagList  an array of strings, each string containing a tag title
-	 * @param boolean $all      if TRUE only return records that have been associated with ALL the tags in the list
-	 * @param string  $addSql   addition SQL snippet, for pagination
-	 * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings for additional SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function queryTagged( $type, $tagList, $all = FALSE, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Like queryTagged but only counts.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type     the bean type you want to query
-	 * @param array   $tagList  an array of strings, each string containing a tag title
-	 * @param boolean $all      if TRUE only return records that have been associated with ALL the tags in the list
-	 * @param string  $addSql   addition SQL snippet, for pagination
-	 * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings for additional SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function queryCountTagged( $type, $tagList, $all = FALSE, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns all parent rows or child rows of a specified row.
-	 * Given a type specifier and a primary key id, this method returns either all child rows
-	 * as defined by having <type>_id = id or all parent rows as defined per id = <type>_id
-	 * taking into account an optional SQL snippet along with parameters.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type     the bean type you want to query rows for
-	 * @param integer $id       id of the reference row
-	 * @param boolean $up       TRUE to query parent rows, FALSE to query child rows
-	 * @param string  $addSql   optional SQL snippet to embed in the query
-	 * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings for additional SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function queryRecursiveCommonTableExpression( $type, $id, $up = TRUE, $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * This method should update (or insert a record), it takes
-	 * a table name, a list of update values ( $field => $value ) and an
-	 * primary key ID (optional). If no primary key ID is provided, an
-	 * INSERT will take place.
-	 * Returns the new ID.
-	 * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type         name of the table to update
-	 * @param array   $updatevalues list of update values
-	 * @param integer $id           optional primary key ID value
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function updateRecord( $type, $updatevalues, $id = NULL );
-
-	/**
-	 * Deletes records from the database.
-	 * @note $addSql is always prefixed with ' WHERE ' or ' AND .'
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type       name of the table you want to query
-	 * @param array  $conditions criteria ( $column => array( $values ) )
-	 * @param string $addSql     additional SQL
-	 * @param array  $bindings   bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function deleteRecord( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = '', $bindings = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * Deletes all links between $sourceType and $destType in an N-M relation.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sourceType source type
-	 * @param string $destType   destination type
-	 * @param string $sourceID   source ID
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function deleteRelations( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID );
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueConstaint
-	 */
-	public function addUniqueIndex( $type, $columns );
-
-	/**
-	 * This method will add a UNIQUE constraint index to a table on columns $columns.
-	 * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type               target bean type
-	 * @param array  $columnsPartOfIndex columns to include in index
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function addUniqueConstraint( $type, $columns );
-
-	/**
-	 * This method will check whether the SQL state is in the list of specified states
-	 * and returns TRUE if it does appear in this list or FALSE if it
-	 * does not. The purpose of this method is to translate the database specific state to
-	 * a one of the constants defined in this class and then check whether it is in the list
-	 * of standard states provided.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $state SQL state to consider
-	 * @param array  $list  list of standardized SQL state constants to check against
-	 * @param array  $extraDriverDetails Some databases communicate state information in a driver-specific format
-	 *                                   rather than through the main sqlState code. For those databases, this extra
-	 *                                   information can be used to determine the standardized state
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function sqlStateIn( $state, $list, $extraDriverDetails = array() );
-
-	/**
-	 * This method will remove all beans of a certain type.
-	 * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $type bean type
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function wipe( $type );
-
-	/**
-	 * This method will add a foreign key from type and field to
-	 * target type and target field.
-	 * The foreign key is created without an action. On delete/update
-	 * no action will be triggered. The FK is only used to allow database
-	 * tools to generate pretty diagrams and to make it easy to add actions
-	 * later on.
-	 * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
-	 *
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $type           type that will have a foreign key field
-	 * @param  string $targetType     points to this type
-	 * @param  string $property       field that contains the foreign key value
-	 * @param  string $targetProperty field where the fk points to
-	 * @param  string $isDep          whether target is dependent and should cascade on update/delete
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function addFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDep = FALSE );
-
-	/**
-	 * This method will add an index to a type and field with name
-	 * $name.
-	 * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     type to add index to
-	 * @param string $name     name of the new index
-	 * @param string $property field to index
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function addIndex( $type, $name, $property );
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks and filters a database structure element like a table of column
-	 * for safe use in a query. A database structure has to conform to the
-	 * RedBeanPHP DB security policy which basically means only alphanumeric
-	 * symbols are allowed. This security policy is more strict than conventional
-	 * SQL policies and does therefore not require database specific escaping rules.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $databaseStructure name of the column/table to check
-	 * @param boolean $noQuotes          TRUE to NOT put backticks or quotes around the string
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function esc( $databaseStructure, $dontQuote = FALSE );
-
-	/**
-	 * Removes all tables and views from the database.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function wipeAll();
-
-	/**
-	 * Renames an association. For instance if you would like to refer to
-	 * album_song as: track you can specify this by calling this method like:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * renameAssociation('album_song','track')
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This allows:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $album->sharedSong
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * to add/retrieve beans from track instead of album_song.
-	 * Also works for exportAll().
-	 *
-	 * This method also accepts a single associative array as
-	 * its first argument.
-	 *
-	 * @param string|array $fromType original type name, or array
-	 * @param string       $toType   new type name (only if 1st argument is string)
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function renameAssocTable( $fromType, $toType = NULL );
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the format for link tables.
-	 * Given an array containing two type names this method returns the
-	 * name of the link table to be used to store and retrieve
-	 * association records. For instance, given two types: person and
-	 * project, the corresponding link table might be: 'person_project'.
-	 *
-	 * @param  array $types two types array($type1, $type2)
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function getAssocTable( $types );
-
-	/**
-	 * Given a bean type and a property, this method
-	 * tries to infer the fetch type using the foreign key
-	 * definitions in the database.
-	 * For instance: project, student -> person.
-	 * If no fetchType can be inferred, this method will return NULL.
-	 *
-	 * @note QueryWriters do not have to implement this method,
-	 * it's optional. A default version is available in AQueryWriter.
-	 *
-	 * @param $type     the source type to fetch a target type for
-	 * @param $property the property to fetch the type of
-	 *
-	 * @return string|NULL
-	 */
-	public function inferFetchType( $type, $property );
+    /**
+     * SQL filter constants
+     */
+    const C_SQLFILTER_READ  = 'r';
+    const C_SQLFILTER_WRITE = 'w';
+
+    /**
+     * Query Writer constants.
+     */
+    const C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE                  = 1;
+    const C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN                 = 2;
+    const C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION = 3;
+    const C_SQLSTATE_LOCK_TIMEOUT                   = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Define data type regions
+     *
+     * 00 - 80: normal data types
+     * 80 - 99: special data types, only scan/code if requested
+     * 99     : specified by user, don't change
+     */
+    const C_DATATYPE_RANGE_SPECIAL   = 80;
+    const C_DATATYPE_RANGE_SPECIFIED = 99;
+
+    /**
+     * Define GLUE types for use with glueSQLCondition methods.
+     * Determines how to prefix a snippet of SQL before appending it
+     * to other SQL (or integrating it, mixing it otherwise).
+     *
+     * WHERE - glue as WHERE condition
+     * AND   - glue as AND condition
+     */
+    const C_GLUE_WHERE = 1;
+    const C_GLUE_AND   = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Writes an SQL Snippet for a JOIN, returns the
+     * SQL snippet string.
+     *
+     * @note A default implementation is available in AQueryWriter
+     * unless a database uses very different SQL this should suffice.
+     *
+     * @param string $type       source type
+     * @param string $targetType target type (type to join)
+     * @param string $joinType   type of join (possible: 'LEFT', 'RIGHT' or 'INNER').
+     *
+     * @return string $joinSQLSnippet
+     */
+    public function writeJoin( $type, $targetType, $joinType );
+
+    /**
+     * Glues an SQL snippet to the beginning of a WHERE clause.
+     * This ensures users don't have to add WHERE to their query snippets.
+     *
+     * The snippet gets prefixed with WHERE or AND
+     * if it starts with a condition.
+     *
+     * If the snippet does NOT start with a condition (or this function thinks so)
+     * the snippet is returned as-is.
+     *
+     * The GLUE type determines the prefix:
+     *
+     * * NONE  prefixes with WHERE
+     * * WHERE prefixes with WHERE and replaces AND if snippets starts with AND
+     * * AND   prefixes with AND
+     *
+     * This method will never replace WHERE with AND since a snippet should never
+     * begin with WHERE in the first place. OR is not supported.
+     *
+     * Only a limited set of clauses will be recognized as non-conditions.
+     * For instance beginning a snippet with complex statements like JOIN or UNION
+     * will not work. This is too complex for use in a snippet.
+     *
+     * @note A default implementation is available in AQueryWriter
+     * unless a database uses very different SQL this should suffice.
+     *
+     * @param string  $sql  SQL Snippet
+     * @param integer $glue the GLUE type - how to glue (C_GLUE_WHERE or C_GLUE_AND)
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function glueSQLCondition( $sql, $glue = NULL );
+
+    /**
+     * Determines if there is a LIMIT 1 clause in the SQL.
+     * If not, it will add a LIMIT 1. (used for findOne).
+     *
+     * @note A default implementation is available in AQueryWriter
+     * unless a database uses very different SQL this should suffice.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql query to scan and adjust
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function glueLimitOne( $sql );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the tables that are in the database.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getTables();
+
+    /**
+     * This method will create a table for the bean.
+     * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of bean you want to create a table for
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function createTable( $type );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array containing all the columns of the specified type.
+     * The format of the return array looks like this:
+     * $field => $type where $field is the name of the column and $type
+     * is a database specific description of the datatype.
+     *
+     * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of bean you want to obtain a column list of
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getColumns( $type );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Column Type Code (integer) that corresponds
+     * to the given value type. This method is used to determine the minimum
+     * column type required to represent the given value. There are two modes of
+     * operation: with or without special types. Scanning without special types
+     * requires the second parameter to be set to FALSE. This is useful when the
+     * column has already been created and prevents it from being modified to
+     * an incompatible type leading to data loss. Special types will be taken
+     * into account when a column does not exist yet (parameter is then set to TRUE).
+     *
+     * Special column types are determines by the AQueryWriter constant
+     * C_DATA_TYPE_ONLY_IF_NOT_EXISTS (usually 80). Another 'very special' type is type
+     * C_DATA_TYPE_MANUAL (usually 99) which represents a user specified type. Although
+     * no special treatment has been associated with the latter for now.
+     *
+     * @param string  $value                   value
+     * @param boolean $alsoScanSpecialForTypes take special types into account
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function scanType( $value, $alsoScanSpecialForTypes = FALSE );
+
+    /**
+     * This method will add a column to a table.
+     * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type   name of the table
+     * @param string  $column name of the column
+     * @param integer $field  data type for field
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function addColumn( $type, $column, $field );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Type Code for a Column Description.
+     * Given an SQL column description this method will return the corresponding
+     * code for the writer. If the include specials flag is set it will also
+     * return codes for special columns. Otherwise special columns will be identified
+     * as specified columns.
+     *
+     * @param string  $typedescription description
+     * @param boolean $includeSpecials whether you want to get codes for special columns as well
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function code( $typedescription, $includeSpecials = FALSE );
+
+    /**
+     * This method will widen the column to the specified data type.
+     * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type     type / table that needs to be adjusted
+     * @param string  $column   column that needs to be altered
+     * @param integer $datatype target data type
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function widenColumn( $type, $column, $datatype );
+
+    /**
+     * Selects records from the database.
+     * This methods selects the records from the database that match the specified
+     * type, conditions (optional) and additional SQL snippet (optional).
+     *
+     * @param string $type       name of the table you want to query
+     * @param array  $conditions criteria ( $column => array( $values ) )
+     * @param string $addSql     additional SQL snippet
+     * @param array  $bindings   bindings for SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function queryRecord( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Selects records from the database and returns a cursor.
+     * This methods selects the records from the database that match the specified
+     * type, conditions (optional) and additional SQL snippet (optional).
+     *
+     * @param string $type       name of the table you want to query
+     * @param array  $conditions criteria ( $column => array( $values ) )
+     * @param string $addSQL     additional SQL snippet
+     * @param array  $bindings   bindings for SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return Cursor
+     */
+    public function queryRecordWithCursor( $type, $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns records through an intermediate type. This method is used to obtain records using a link table and
+     * allows the SQL snippets to reference columns in the link table for additional filtering or ordering.
+     *
+     * @param string $sourceType source type, the reference type you want to use to fetch related items on the other side
+     * @param string $destType   destination type, the target type you want to get beans of
+     * @param mixed  $linkID     ID to use for the link table
+     * @param string $addSql     Additional SQL snippet
+     * @param array  $bindings   Bindings for SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function queryRecordRelated( $sourceType, $destType, $linkID, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the row that links $sourceType $sourcID to $destType $destID in an N-M relation.
+     *
+     * @param string $sourceType source type, the first part of the link you're looking for
+     * @param string $destType   destination type, the second part of the link you're looking for
+     * @param string $sourceID   ID for the source
+     * @param string $destID     ID for the destination
+     *
+     * @return array|null
+     */
+    public function queryRecordLink( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID, $destID );
+
+    /**
+     * Counts the number of records in the database that match the
+     * conditions and additional SQL.
+     *
+     * @param string $type       name of the table you want to query
+     * @param array  $conditions criteria ( $column => array( $values ) )
+     * @param string $addSQL     additional SQL snippet
+     * @param array  $bindings   bindings for SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function queryRecordCount( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of records linked through $linkType and satisfying the SQL in $addSQL/$bindings.
+     *
+     * @param string $sourceType source type
+     * @param string $targetType the thing you want to count
+     * @param mixed  $linkID     the of the source type
+     * @param string $addSQL     additional SQL snippet
+     * @param array  $bindings   bindings for SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function queryRecordCountRelated( $sourceType, $targetType, $linkID, $addSQL = '', $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all rows of specified type that have been tagged with one of the
+     * strings in the specified tag list array.
+     *
+     * Note that the additional SQL snippet can only be used for pagination,
+     * the SQL snippet will be appended to the end of the query.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type     the bean type you want to query
+     * @param array   $tagList  an array of strings, each string containing a tag title
+     * @param boolean $all      if TRUE only return records that have been associated with ALL the tags in the list
+     * @param string  $addSql   addition SQL snippet, for pagination
+     * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings for additional SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function queryTagged( $type, $tagList, $all = FALSE, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Like queryTagged but only counts.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type     the bean type you want to query
+     * @param array   $tagList  an array of strings, each string containing a tag title
+     * @param boolean $all      if TRUE only return records that have been associated with ALL the tags in the list
+     * @param string  $addSql   addition SQL snippet, for pagination
+     * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings for additional SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function queryCountTagged( $type, $tagList, $all = FALSE, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all parent rows or child rows of a specified row.
+     * Given a type specifier and a primary key id, this method returns either all child rows
+     * as defined by having <type>_id = id or all parent rows as defined per id = <type>_id
+     * taking into account an optional SQL snippet along with parameters.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type     the bean type you want to query rows for
+     * @param integer $id       id of the reference row
+     * @param boolean $up       TRUE to query parent rows, FALSE to query child rows
+     * @param string  $addSql   optional SQL snippet to embed in the query
+     * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings for additional SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function queryRecursiveCommonTableExpression( $type, $id, $up = TRUE, $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * This method should update (or insert a record), it takes
+     * a table name, a list of update values ( $field => $value ) and an
+     * primary key ID (optional). If no primary key ID is provided, an
+     * INSERT will take place.
+     * Returns the new ID.
+     * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type         name of the table to update
+     * @param array   $updatevalues list of update values
+     * @param integer $id           optional primary key ID value
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function updateRecord( $type, $updatevalues, $id = NULL );
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes records from the database.
+     * @note $addSql is always prefixed with ' WHERE ' or ' AND .'
+     *
+     * @param string $type       name of the table you want to query
+     * @param array  $conditions criteria ( $column => array( $values ) )
+     * @param string $addSql     additional SQL
+     * @param array  $bindings   bindings
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function deleteRecord( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = '', $bindings = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes all links between $sourceType and $destType in an N-M relation.
+     *
+     * @param string $sourceType source type
+     * @param string $destType   destination type
+     * @param string $sourceID   source ID
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function deleteRelations( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID );
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueConstaint
+     */
+    public function addUniqueIndex( $type, $columns );
+
+    /**
+     * This method will add a UNIQUE constraint index to a table on columns $columns.
+     * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
+     *
+     * @param string $type               target bean type
+     * @param array  $columnsPartOfIndex columns to include in index
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function addUniqueConstraint( $type, $columns );
+
+    /**
+     * This method will check whether the SQL state is in the list of specified states
+     * and returns TRUE if it does appear in this list or FALSE if it
+     * does not. The purpose of this method is to translate the database specific state to
+     * a one of the constants defined in this class and then check whether it is in the list
+     * of standard states provided.
+     *
+     * @param string $state SQL state to consider
+     * @param array  $list  list of standardized SQL state constants to check against
+     * @param array  $extraDriverDetails Some databases communicate state information in a driver-specific format
+     *                                   rather than through the main sqlState code. For those databases, this extra
+     *                                   information can be used to determine the standardized state
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function sqlStateIn( $state, $list, $extraDriverDetails = array() );
+
+    /**
+     * This method will remove all beans of a certain type.
+     * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
+     *
+     * @param  string $type bean type
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function wipe( $type );
+
+    /**
+     * This method will add a foreign key from type and field to
+     * target type and target field.
+     * The foreign key is created without an action. On delete/update
+     * no action will be triggered. The FK is only used to allow database
+     * tools to generate pretty diagrams and to make it easy to add actions
+     * later on.
+     * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param  string $type           type that will have a foreign key field
+     * @param  string $targetType     points to this type
+     * @param  string $property       field that contains the foreign key value
+     * @param  string $targetProperty field where the fk points to
+     * @param  string $isDep          whether target is dependent and should cascade on update/delete
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function addFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDep = FALSE );
+
+    /**
+     * This method will add an index to a type and field with name
+     * $name.
+     * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
+     *
+     * @param string $type     type to add index to
+     * @param string $name     name of the new index
+     * @param string $property field to index
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function addIndex( $type, $name, $property );
+
+    /**
+     * Checks and filters a database structure element like a table of column
+     * for safe use in a query. A database structure has to conform to the
+     * RedBeanPHP DB security policy which basically means only alphanumeric
+     * symbols are allowed. This security policy is more strict than conventional
+     * SQL policies and does therefore not require database specific escaping rules.
+     *
+     * @param string  $databaseStructure name of the column/table to check
+     * @param boolean $noQuotes          TRUE to NOT put backticks or quotes around the string
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function esc( $databaseStructure, $dontQuote = FALSE );
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all tables and views from the database.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function wipeAll();
+
+    /**
+     * Renames an association. For instance if you would like to refer to
+     * album_song as: track you can specify this by calling this method like:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * renameAssociation('album_song','track')
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This allows:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $album->sharedSong
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * to add/retrieve beans from track instead of album_song.
+     * Also works for exportAll().
+     *
+     * This method also accepts a single associative array as
+     * its first argument.
+     *
+     * @param string|array $fromType original type name, or array
+     * @param string       $toType   new type name (only if 1st argument is string)
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function renameAssocTable( $fromType, $toType = NULL );
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the format for link tables.
+     * Given an array containing two type names this method returns the
+     * name of the link table to be used to store and retrieve
+     * association records. For instance, given two types: person and
+     * project, the corresponding link table might be: 'person_project'.
+     *
+     * @param  array $types two types array($type1, $type2)
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getAssocTable( $types );
+
+    /**
+     * Given a bean type and a property, this method
+     * tries to infer the fetch type using the foreign key
+     * definitions in the database.
+     * For instance: project, student -> person.
+     * If no fetchType can be inferred, this method will return NULL.
+     *
+     * @note QueryWriters do not have to implement this method,
+     * it's optional. A default version is available in AQueryWriter.
+     *
+     * @param $type     the source type to fetch a target type for
+     * @param $property the property to fetch the type of
+     *
+     * @return string|NULL
+     */
+    public function inferFetchType( $type, $property );
 }
 }
 
@@ -5163,969 +5163,969 @@ 
  */
 abstract class AQueryWriter
 {
-	/**
-	 * Constant: Select Snippet 'FOR UPDATE'
-	 */
-	const C_SELECT_SNIPPET_FOR_UPDATE = 'FOR UPDATE';
-	const C_DATA_TYPE_ONLY_IF_NOT_EXISTS = 80;
-	const C_DATA_TYPE_MANUAL = 99;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	private static $sqlFilters = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	private static $flagSQLFilterSafeMode = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	private static $flagNarrowFieldMode = TRUE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected static $flagUseJSONColumns = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	public static $renames = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var DBAdapter
-	 */
-	protected $adapter;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $defaultValue = 'NULL';
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $quoteCharacter = '';
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected $flagUseCache = TRUE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $cache = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var integer
-	 */
-	protected $maxCacheSizePerType = 20;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $sqlSelectSnippet = '';
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	public $typeno_sqltype = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var bool
-	 */
-	protected static $noNuke = false;
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles support for automatic generation of JSON columns.
-	 * Using JSON columns means that strings containing JSON will
-	 * cause the column to be created (not modified) as a JSON column.
-	 * However it might also trigger exceptions if this means the DB attempts to
-	 * convert a non-json column to a JSON column. Returns the previous
-	 * value of the flag.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $flag TRUE or FALSE
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public static function useJSONColumns( $flag )
-	{
-		$old = self::$flagUseJSONColumns;
-		self::$flagUseJSONColumns = $flag;
-		return $old;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles support for nuke().
-	 * Can be used to turn off the nuke() feature for security reasons.
-	 * Returns the old flag value.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $flag TRUE or FALSE
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public static function forbidNuke( $flag ) {
-		$old = self::$noNuke;
-		self::$noNuke = (bool) $flag;
-		return $old;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks whether a number can be treated like an int.
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $value string representation of a certain value
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public static function canBeTreatedAsInt( $value )
-	{
-		return (bool) ( strval( $value ) === strval( intval( $value ) ) );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::getAssocTableFormat
-	 */
-	public static function getAssocTableFormat( $types )
-	{
-		sort( $types );
-
-		$assoc = implode( '_', $types );
-
-		return ( isset( self::$renames[$assoc] ) ) ? self::$renames[$assoc] : $assoc;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::renameAssociation
-	 */
-	public static function renameAssociation( $from, $to = NULL )
-	{
-		if ( is_array( $from ) ) {
-			foreach ( $from as $key => $value ) self::$renames[$key] = $value;
-
-			return;
-		}
-
-		self::$renames[$from] = $to;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Globally available service method for RedBeanPHP.
-	 * Converts a camel cased string to a snake cased string.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $camel camelCased string to converty to snake case
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public static function camelsSnake( $camel )
-	{
-		return strtolower( preg_replace( '/(?<=[a-z])([A-Z])|([A-Z])(?=[a-z])/', '_$1$2', $camel ) );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Clears renames.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function clearRenames()
-	{
-		self::$renames = array();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles 'Narrow Field Mode'.
-	 * In Narrow Field mode the queryRecord method will
-	 * narrow its selection field to
-	 *
-	 * SELECT {table}.*
-	 *
-	 * instead of
-	 *
-	 * SELECT *
-	 *
-	 * This is a better way of querying because it allows
-	 * more flexibility (for instance joins). However if you need
-	 * the wide selector for backward compatibility; use this method
-	 * to turn OFF Narrow Field Mode by passing FALSE.
-	 * Default is TRUE.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $narrowField TRUE = Narrow Field FALSE = Wide Field
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function setNarrowFieldMode( $narrowField )
-	{
-		self::$flagNarrowFieldMode = (boolean) $narrowField;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets SQL filters.
-	 * This is a lowlevel method to set the SQL filter array.
-	 * The format of this array is:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array(
-	 * 		'<MODE, i.e. 'r' for read, 'w' for write>' => array(
-	 * 			'<TABLE NAME>' => array(
-	 * 				'<COLUMN NAME>' => '<SQL>'
-	 * 			)
-	 * 		)
-	 * )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Example:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array(
-	 *   QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_READ => array(
-	 * 	'book' => array(
-	 * 		'title' => ' LOWER(book.title) '
-	 * 	)
-	 * )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Note that you can use constants instead of magical chars
-	 * as keys for the uppermost array.
-	 * This is a lowlevel method. For a more friendly method
-	 * please take a look at the facade: R::bindFunc().
-	 *
-	 * @param array list of filters to set
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function setSQLFilters( $sqlFilters, $safeMode = FALSE )
-	{
-		self::$flagSQLFilterSafeMode = (boolean) $safeMode;
-		self::$sqlFilters = $sqlFilters;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns current SQL Filters.
-	 * This method returns the raw SQL filter array.
-	 * This is a lowlevel method. For a more friendly method
-	 * please take a look at the facade: R::bindFunc().
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function getSQLFilters()
-	{
-		return self::$sqlFilters;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns a cache key for the cache values passed.
-	 * This method returns a fingerprint string to be used as a key to store
-	 * data in the writer cache.
-	 *
-	 * @param array $keyValues key-value to generate key for
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	private function getCacheKey( $keyValues )
-	{
-		return json_encode( $keyValues );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the values associated with the provided cache tag and key.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $cacheTag cache tag to use for lookup
-	 * @param string $key      key to use for lookup
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	private function getCached( $cacheTag, $key )
-	{
-		$sql = $this->adapter->getSQL();
-		if ($this->updateCache()) {
-			if ( isset( $this->cache[$cacheTag][$key] ) ) {
-				return $this->cache[$cacheTag][$key];
-			}
-		}
-
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks if the previous query had a keep-cache tag.
-	 * If so, the cache will persist, otherwise the cache will be flushed.
-	 *
-	 * Returns TRUE if the cache will remain and FALSE if a flush has
-	 * been performed.
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	private function updateCache()
-	{
-		$sql = $this->adapter->getSQL();
-		if ( strpos( $sql, '-- keep-cache' ) !== strlen( $sql ) - 13 ) {
-			// If SQL has been taken place outside of this method then something else then
-			// a select query might have happened! (or instruct to keep cache)
-			$this->cache = array();
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Stores data from the writer in the cache under a specific key and cache tag.
-	 * A cache tag is used to make sure the cache remains consistent. In most cases the cache tag
-	 * will be the bean type, this makes sure queries associated with a certain reference type will
-	 * never contain conflicting data.
-	 * Why not use the cache tag as a key? Well
-	 * we need to make sure the cache contents fits the key (and key is based on the cache values).
-	 * Otherwise it would be possible to store two different result sets under the same key (the cache tag).
-	 *
-	 * In previous versions you could only store one key-entry, I have changed this to
-	 * improve caching efficiency (issue #400).
-	 *
-	 * @param string $cacheTag cache tag (secondary key)
-	 * @param string $key      key to store values under
-	 * @param array  $values   content to be stored
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	private function putResultInCache( $cacheTag, $key, $values )
-	{
-		if ( isset( $this->cache[$cacheTag] ) ) {
-			if ( count( $this->cache[$cacheTag] ) > $this->maxCacheSizePerType ) array_shift( $this->cache[$cacheTag] );
-		} else {
-			$this->cache[$cacheTag] = array();
-		}
-		$this->cache[$cacheTag][$key] = $values;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Creates an SQL snippet from a list of conditions of format:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array(
-	 *    key => array(
-	 *           value1, value2, value3 ....
-	 *        )
-	 * )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param array  $conditions list of conditions
-	 * @param array  $bindings   parameter bindings for SQL snippet
-	 * @param string $addSql     additional SQL snippet to append to result
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	private function makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, &$bindings, $addSql = '' )
-	{
-		reset( $bindings );
-		$firstKey       = key( $bindings );
-		$paramTypeIsNum = ( is_numeric( $firstKey ) );
-		$counter        = 0;
-
-		$sqlConditions = array();
-		foreach ( $conditions as $column => $values ) {
-			if ( $values === NULL ) continue;
-
-			if ( is_array( $values ) ) {
-				if ( empty( $values ) ) continue;
-			} else {
-				$values = array( $values );
-			}
-
-			$checkOODB = reset( $values );
-			if ( $checkOODB instanceof OODBBean && $checkOODB->getMeta( 'type' ) === $column && substr( $column, -3 ) != '_id' )
-				$column = $column . '_id';
-
-
-			$sql = $this->esc( $column );
-			$sql .= ' IN ( ';
-
-			if ( $paramTypeIsNum ) {
-				$sql .= implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $values ), '?' ) ) . ' ) ';
-
-				array_unshift($sqlConditions, $sql);
-
-				foreach ( $values as $k => $v ) {
-					if ( $v instanceof OODBBean ) {
-						$v = $v->id;
-					}
-					$values[$k] = strval( $v );
-
-					array_unshift( $bindings, $v );
-				}
-			} else {
-
-				$slots = array();
-
-				foreach( $values as $k => $v ) {
-					if ( $v instanceof OODBBean ) {
-						$v = $v->id;
-					}
-					$slot            = ':slot'.$counter++;
-					$slots[]         = $slot;
-					$bindings[$slot] = strval( $v );
-				}
-
-				$sql .= implode( ',', $slots ).' ) ';
-				$sqlConditions[] = $sql;
-			}
-		}
-
-		$sql = '';
-		if ( !empty( $sqlConditions ) ) {
-			$sql .= " WHERE ( " . implode( ' AND ', $sqlConditions ) . ") ";
-		}
-
-		$addSql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql, !empty( $sqlConditions ) ? QueryWriter::C_GLUE_AND : NULL );
-		if ( $addSql ) $sql .= $addSql;
-
-		return $sql;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the table names and column names for a relational query.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $sourceType type of the source bean
-	 * @param string  $destType   type of the bean you want to obtain using the relation
-	 * @param boolean $noQuote    TRUE if you want to omit quotes
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	private function getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType, $noQuote = FALSE )
-	{
-		$linkTable   = $this->esc( $this->getAssocTable( array( $sourceType, $destType ) ), $noQuote );
-		$sourceCol   = $this->esc( $sourceType . '_id', $noQuote );
-
-		if ( $sourceType === $destType ) {
-			$destCol = $this->esc( $destType . '2_id', $noQuote );
-		} else {
-			$destCol = $this->esc( $destType . '_id', $noQuote );
-		}
-
-		$sourceTable = $this->esc( $sourceType, $noQuote );
-		$destTable   = $this->esc( $destType, $noQuote );
-
-		return array( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Determines whether a string can be considered JSON or not.
-	 * This is used by writers that support JSON columns. However
-	 * we dont want that code duplicated over all JSON supporting
-	 * Query Writers.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $value value to determine 'JSONness' of.
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	protected function isJSON( $value )
-	{
-		return (
-			is_string($value) &&
-			is_array(json_decode($value, TRUE)) &&
-			(json_last_error() == JSON_ERROR_NONE)
-		);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Given a type and a property name this method
-	 * returns the foreign key map section associated with this pair.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     name of the type
-	 * @param string $property name of the property
-	 *
-	 * @return array|NULL
-	 */
-	protected function getForeignKeyForTypeProperty( $type, $property )
-	{
-		$property = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
-
-		try {
-			$map = $this->getKeyMapForType( $type );
-		} catch ( SQLException $e ) {
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		foreach( $map as $key ) {
-			if ( $key['from'] === $property ) return $key;
-		}
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the foreign key map (FKM) for a type.
-	 * A foreign key map describes the foreign keys in a table.
-	 * A FKM always has the same structure:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array(
-	 * 	'name'      => <name of the foreign key>
-	 *    'from'      => <name of the column on the source table>
-	 *    'table'     => <name of the target table>
-	 *    'to'        => <name of the target column> (most of the time 'id')
-	 *    'on_update' => <update rule: 'SET NULL','CASCADE' or 'RESTRICT'>
-	 *    'on_delete' => <delete rule: 'SET NULL','CASCADE' or 'RESTRICT'>
-	 * )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @note the keys in the result array are FKDLs, i.e. descriptive unique
-	 * keys per source table. Also see: AQueryWriter::makeFKLabel for details.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type the bean type you wish to obtain a key map of
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	protected function getKeyMapForType( $type )
-	{
-		return array();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * This method makes a key for a foreign key description array.
-	 * This key is a readable string unique for every source table.
-	 * This uniform key is called the FKDL Foreign Key Description Label.
-	 * Note that the source table is not part of the FKDL because
-	 * this key is supposed to be 'per source table'. If you wish to
-	 * include a source table, prefix the key with 'on_table_<SOURCE>_'.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $from  the column of the key in the source table
-	 * @param string $type  the type (table) where the key points to
-	 * @param string $to    the target column of the foreign key (mostly just 'id')
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	protected function makeFKLabel($from, $type, $to)
-	{
-		return "from_{$from}_to_table_{$type}_col_{$to}";
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns an SQL Filter snippet for reading.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of bean
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	protected function getSQLFilterSnippet( $type )
-	{
-		$existingCols = array();
-		if (self::$flagSQLFilterSafeMode) {
-			$existingCols = $this->getColumns( $type );
-		}
-
-		$sqlFilters = array();
-		if ( isset( self::$sqlFilters[QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_READ][$type] ) ) {
-			foreach( self::$sqlFilters[QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_READ][$type] as $property => $sqlFilter ) {
-				if ( !self::$flagSQLFilterSafeMode || isset( $existingCols[$property] ) ) {
-					$sqlFilters[] = $sqlFilter.' AS '.$property.' ';
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		$sqlFilterStr = ( count($sqlFilters) ) ? ( ','.implode( ',', $sqlFilters ) ) : '';
-		return $sqlFilterStr;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Generates a list of parameters (slots) for an SQL snippet.
-	 * This method calculates the correct number of slots to insert in the
-	 * SQL snippet and determines the correct type of slot. If the bindings
-	 * array contains named parameters this method will return named ones and
-	 * update the keys in the value list accordingly (that's why we use the &).
-	 *
-	 * If you pass an offset the bindings will be re-added to the value list.
-	 * Some databases cant handle duplicate parameter names in queries.
-	 *
-	 * @param array   &$valueList    list of values to generate slots for (gets modified if needed)
-	 * @param array   $otherBindings list of additional bindings
-	 * @param integer $offset        start counter at...
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	protected function getParametersForInClause( &$valueList, $otherBindings, $offset = 0 )
-	{
-		if ( is_array( $otherBindings ) && count( $otherBindings ) > 0 ) {
-			reset( $otherBindings );
-
-			$key = key( $otherBindings );
-
-			if ( !is_numeric($key) ) {
-				$filler  = array();
-				$newList = (!$offset) ? array() : $valueList;
-				$counter = $offset;
-
-				foreach( $valueList as $value ) {
-					$slot           = ':slot' . ( $counter++ );
-					$filler[]       = $slot;
-					$newList[$slot] = $value;
-				}
-
-				// Change the keys!
-				$valueList = $newList;
-
-				return implode( ',', $filler );
-			}
-		}
-
-		return implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $valueList ), '?' ) );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Adds a data type to the list of data types.
-	 * Use this method to add a new column type definition to the writer.
-	 * Used for UUID support.
-	 *
-	 * @param integer $dataTypeID    magic number constant assigned to this data type
-	 * @param string  $SQLDefinition SQL column definition (i.e. INT(11))
-	 *
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	protected function addDataType( $dataTypeID, $SQLDefinition )
-	{
-		$this->typeno_sqltype[ $dataTypeID ] = $SQLDefinition;
-		$this->sqltype_typeno[ $SQLDefinition ] = $dataTypeID;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the sql that should follow an insert statement.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $table name
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	protected function getInsertSuffix( $table )
-	{
-		return '';
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks whether a value starts with zeros. In this case
-	 * the value should probably be stored using a text datatype instead of a
-	 * numerical type in order to preserve the zeros.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $value value to be checked.
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	protected function startsWithZeros( $value )
-	{
-		$value = strval( $value );
-
-		if ( strlen( $value ) > 1 && strpos( $value, '0' ) === 0 && strpos( $value, '0.' ) !== 0 ) {
-			return TRUE;
-		} else {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Inserts a record into the database using a series of insert columns
-	 * and corresponding insertvalues. Returns the insert id.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $table         table to perform query on
-	 * @param array  $insertcolumns columns to be inserted
-	 * @param array  $insertvalues  values to be inserted
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	protected function insertRecord( $type, $insertcolumns, $insertvalues )
-	{
-		$default = $this->defaultValue;
-		$suffix  = $this->getInsertSuffix( $type );
-		$table   = $this->esc( $type );
-
-		if ( count( $insertvalues ) > 0 && is_array( $insertvalues[0] ) && count( $insertvalues[0] ) > 0 ) {
-
-			$insertSlots = array();
-			foreach ( $insertcolumns as $k => $v ) {
-				$insertcolumns[$k] = $this->esc( $v );
-
-				if (isset(self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$v])) {
-					$insertSlots[] = self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$v];
-				} else {
-					$insertSlots[] = '?';
-				}
-			}
-
-			$insertSQL = "INSERT INTO $table ( id, " . implode( ',', $insertcolumns ) . " ) VALUES
+    /**
+     * Constant: Select Snippet 'FOR UPDATE'
+     */
+    const C_SELECT_SNIPPET_FOR_UPDATE = 'FOR UPDATE';
+    const C_DATA_TYPE_ONLY_IF_NOT_EXISTS = 80;
+    const C_DATA_TYPE_MANUAL = 99;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    private static $sqlFilters = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    private static $flagSQLFilterSafeMode = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    private static $flagNarrowFieldMode = TRUE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected static $flagUseJSONColumns = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    public static $renames = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var DBAdapter
+     */
+    protected $adapter;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $defaultValue = 'NULL';
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $quoteCharacter = '';
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected $flagUseCache = TRUE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $cache = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var integer
+     */
+    protected $maxCacheSizePerType = 20;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $sqlSelectSnippet = '';
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    public $typeno_sqltype = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var bool
+     */
+    protected static $noNuke = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles support for automatic generation of JSON columns.
+     * Using JSON columns means that strings containing JSON will
+     * cause the column to be created (not modified) as a JSON column.
+     * However it might also trigger exceptions if this means the DB attempts to
+     * convert a non-json column to a JSON column. Returns the previous
+     * value of the flag.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $flag TRUE or FALSE
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public static function useJSONColumns( $flag )
+    {
+        $old = self::$flagUseJSONColumns;
+        self::$flagUseJSONColumns = $flag;
+        return $old;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles support for nuke().
+     * Can be used to turn off the nuke() feature for security reasons.
+     * Returns the old flag value.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $flag TRUE or FALSE
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public static function forbidNuke( $flag ) {
+        $old = self::$noNuke;
+        self::$noNuke = (bool) $flag;
+        return $old;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether a number can be treated like an int.
+     *
+     * @param  string $value string representation of a certain value
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public static function canBeTreatedAsInt( $value )
+    {
+        return (bool) ( strval( $value ) === strval( intval( $value ) ) );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::getAssocTableFormat
+     */
+    public static function getAssocTableFormat( $types )
+    {
+        sort( $types );
+
+        $assoc = implode( '_', $types );
+
+        return ( isset( self::$renames[$assoc] ) ) ? self::$renames[$assoc] : $assoc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::renameAssociation
+     */
+    public static function renameAssociation( $from, $to = NULL )
+    {
+        if ( is_array( $from ) ) {
+            foreach ( $from as $key => $value ) self::$renames[$key] = $value;
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self::$renames[$from] = $to;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Globally available service method for RedBeanPHP.
+     * Converts a camel cased string to a snake cased string.
+     *
+     * @param string $camel camelCased string to converty to snake case
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public static function camelsSnake( $camel )
+    {
+        return strtolower( preg_replace( '/(?<=[a-z])([A-Z])|([A-Z])(?=[a-z])/', '_$1$2', $camel ) );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears renames.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function clearRenames()
+    {
+        self::$renames = array();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles 'Narrow Field Mode'.
+     * In Narrow Field mode the queryRecord method will
+     * narrow its selection field to
+     *
+     * SELECT {table}.*
+     *
+     * instead of
+     *
+     * SELECT *
+     *
+     * This is a better way of querying because it allows
+     * more flexibility (for instance joins). However if you need
+     * the wide selector for backward compatibility; use this method
+     * to turn OFF Narrow Field Mode by passing FALSE.
+     * Default is TRUE.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $narrowField TRUE = Narrow Field FALSE = Wide Field
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function setNarrowFieldMode( $narrowField )
+    {
+        self::$flagNarrowFieldMode = (boolean) $narrowField;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets SQL filters.
+     * This is a lowlevel method to set the SQL filter array.
+     * The format of this array is:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array(
+     * 		'<MODE, i.e. 'r' for read, 'w' for write>' => array(
+     * 			'<TABLE NAME>' => array(
+     * 				'<COLUMN NAME>' => '<SQL>'
+     * 			)
+     * 		)
+     * )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Example:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array(
+     *   QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_READ => array(
+     * 	'book' => array(
+     * 		'title' => ' LOWER(book.title) '
+     * 	)
+     * )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Note that you can use constants instead of magical chars
+     * as keys for the uppermost array.
+     * This is a lowlevel method. For a more friendly method
+     * please take a look at the facade: R::bindFunc().
+     *
+     * @param array list of filters to set
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function setSQLFilters( $sqlFilters, $safeMode = FALSE )
+    {
+        self::$flagSQLFilterSafeMode = (boolean) $safeMode;
+        self::$sqlFilters = $sqlFilters;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns current SQL Filters.
+     * This method returns the raw SQL filter array.
+     * This is a lowlevel method. For a more friendly method
+     * please take a look at the facade: R::bindFunc().
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function getSQLFilters()
+    {
+        return self::$sqlFilters;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a cache key for the cache values passed.
+     * This method returns a fingerprint string to be used as a key to store
+     * data in the writer cache.
+     *
+     * @param array $keyValues key-value to generate key for
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    private function getCacheKey( $keyValues )
+    {
+        return json_encode( $keyValues );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the values associated with the provided cache tag and key.
+     *
+     * @param string $cacheTag cache tag to use for lookup
+     * @param string $key      key to use for lookup
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    private function getCached( $cacheTag, $key )
+    {
+        $sql = $this->adapter->getSQL();
+        if ($this->updateCache()) {
+            if ( isset( $this->cache[$cacheTag][$key] ) ) {
+                return $this->cache[$cacheTag][$key];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the previous query had a keep-cache tag.
+     * If so, the cache will persist, otherwise the cache will be flushed.
+     *
+     * Returns TRUE if the cache will remain and FALSE if a flush has
+     * been performed.
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    private function updateCache()
+    {
+        $sql = $this->adapter->getSQL();
+        if ( strpos( $sql, '-- keep-cache' ) !== strlen( $sql ) - 13 ) {
+            // If SQL has been taken place outside of this method then something else then
+            // a select query might have happened! (or instruct to keep cache)
+            $this->cache = array();
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores data from the writer in the cache under a specific key and cache tag.
+     * A cache tag is used to make sure the cache remains consistent. In most cases the cache tag
+     * will be the bean type, this makes sure queries associated with a certain reference type will
+     * never contain conflicting data.
+     * Why not use the cache tag as a key? Well
+     * we need to make sure the cache contents fits the key (and key is based on the cache values).
+     * Otherwise it would be possible to store two different result sets under the same key (the cache tag).
+     *
+     * In previous versions you could only store one key-entry, I have changed this to
+     * improve caching efficiency (issue #400).
+     *
+     * @param string $cacheTag cache tag (secondary key)
+     * @param string $key      key to store values under
+     * @param array  $values   content to be stored
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    private function putResultInCache( $cacheTag, $key, $values )
+    {
+        if ( isset( $this->cache[$cacheTag] ) ) {
+            if ( count( $this->cache[$cacheTag] ) > $this->maxCacheSizePerType ) array_shift( $this->cache[$cacheTag] );
+        } else {
+            $this->cache[$cacheTag] = array();
+        }
+        $this->cache[$cacheTag][$key] = $values;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an SQL snippet from a list of conditions of format:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array(
+     *    key => array(
+     *           value1, value2, value3 ....
+     *        )
+     * )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param array  $conditions list of conditions
+     * @param array  $bindings   parameter bindings for SQL snippet
+     * @param string $addSql     additional SQL snippet to append to result
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    private function makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, &$bindings, $addSql = '' )
+    {
+        reset( $bindings );
+        $firstKey       = key( $bindings );
+        $paramTypeIsNum = ( is_numeric( $firstKey ) );
+        $counter        = 0;
+
+        $sqlConditions = array();
+        foreach ( $conditions as $column => $values ) {
+            if ( $values === NULL ) continue;
+
+            if ( is_array( $values ) ) {
+                if ( empty( $values ) ) continue;
+            } else {
+                $values = array( $values );
+            }
+
+            $checkOODB = reset( $values );
+            if ( $checkOODB instanceof OODBBean && $checkOODB->getMeta( 'type' ) === $column && substr( $column, -3 ) != '_id' )
+                $column = $column . '_id';
+
+
+            $sql = $this->esc( $column );
+            $sql .= ' IN ( ';
+
+            if ( $paramTypeIsNum ) {
+                $sql .= implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $values ), '?' ) ) . ' ) ';
+
+                array_unshift($sqlConditions, $sql);
+
+                foreach ( $values as $k => $v ) {
+                    if ( $v instanceof OODBBean ) {
+                        $v = $v->id;
+                    }
+                    $values[$k] = strval( $v );
+
+                    array_unshift( $bindings, $v );
+                }
+            } else {
+
+                $slots = array();
+
+                foreach( $values as $k => $v ) {
+                    if ( $v instanceof OODBBean ) {
+                        $v = $v->id;
+                    }
+                    $slot            = ':slot'.$counter++;
+                    $slots[]         = $slot;
+                    $bindings[$slot] = strval( $v );
+                }
+
+                $sql .= implode( ',', $slots ).' ) ';
+                $sqlConditions[] = $sql;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $sql = '';
+        if ( !empty( $sqlConditions ) ) {
+            $sql .= " WHERE ( " . implode( ' AND ', $sqlConditions ) . ") ";
+        }
+
+        $addSql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql, !empty( $sqlConditions ) ? QueryWriter::C_GLUE_AND : NULL );
+        if ( $addSql ) $sql .= $addSql;
+
+        return $sql;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the table names and column names for a relational query.
+     *
+     * @param string  $sourceType type of the source bean
+     * @param string  $destType   type of the bean you want to obtain using the relation
+     * @param boolean $noQuote    TRUE if you want to omit quotes
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    private function getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType, $noQuote = FALSE )
+    {
+        $linkTable   = $this->esc( $this->getAssocTable( array( $sourceType, $destType ) ), $noQuote );
+        $sourceCol   = $this->esc( $sourceType . '_id', $noQuote );
+
+        if ( $sourceType === $destType ) {
+            $destCol = $this->esc( $destType . '2_id', $noQuote );
+        } else {
+            $destCol = $this->esc( $destType . '_id', $noQuote );
+        }
+
+        $sourceTable = $this->esc( $sourceType, $noQuote );
+        $destTable   = $this->esc( $destType, $noQuote );
+
+        return array( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether a string can be considered JSON or not.
+     * This is used by writers that support JSON columns. However
+     * we dont want that code duplicated over all JSON supporting
+     * Query Writers.
+     *
+     * @param string $value value to determine 'JSONness' of.
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    protected function isJSON( $value )
+    {
+        return (
+            is_string($value) &&
+            is_array(json_decode($value, TRUE)) &&
+            (json_last_error() == JSON_ERROR_NONE)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a type and a property name this method
+     * returns the foreign key map section associated with this pair.
+     *
+     * @param string $type     name of the type
+     * @param string $property name of the property
+     *
+     * @return array|NULL
+     */
+    protected function getForeignKeyForTypeProperty( $type, $property )
+    {
+        $property = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
+
+        try {
+            $map = $this->getKeyMapForType( $type );
+        } catch ( SQLException $e ) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        foreach( $map as $key ) {
+            if ( $key['from'] === $property ) return $key;
+        }
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the foreign key map (FKM) for a type.
+     * A foreign key map describes the foreign keys in a table.
+     * A FKM always has the same structure:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array(
+     * 	'name'      => <name of the foreign key>
+     *    'from'      => <name of the column on the source table>
+     *    'table'     => <name of the target table>
+     *    'to'        => <name of the target column> (most of the time 'id')
+     *    'on_update' => <update rule: 'SET NULL','CASCADE' or 'RESTRICT'>
+     *    'on_delete' => <delete rule: 'SET NULL','CASCADE' or 'RESTRICT'>
+     * )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @note the keys in the result array are FKDLs, i.e. descriptive unique
+     * keys per source table. Also see: AQueryWriter::makeFKLabel for details.
+     *
+     * @param string $type the bean type you wish to obtain a key map of
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    protected function getKeyMapForType( $type )
+    {
+        return array();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method makes a key for a foreign key description array.
+     * This key is a readable string unique for every source table.
+     * This uniform key is called the FKDL Foreign Key Description Label.
+     * Note that the source table is not part of the FKDL because
+     * this key is supposed to be 'per source table'. If you wish to
+     * include a source table, prefix the key with 'on_table_<SOURCE>_'.
+     *
+     * @param string $from  the column of the key in the source table
+     * @param string $type  the type (table) where the key points to
+     * @param string $to    the target column of the foreign key (mostly just 'id')
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function makeFKLabel($from, $type, $to)
+    {
+        return "from_{$from}_to_table_{$type}_col_{$to}";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an SQL Filter snippet for reading.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of bean
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function getSQLFilterSnippet( $type )
+    {
+        $existingCols = array();
+        if (self::$flagSQLFilterSafeMode) {
+            $existingCols = $this->getColumns( $type );
+        }
+
+        $sqlFilters = array();
+        if ( isset( self::$sqlFilters[QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_READ][$type] ) ) {
+            foreach( self::$sqlFilters[QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_READ][$type] as $property => $sqlFilter ) {
+                if ( !self::$flagSQLFilterSafeMode || isset( $existingCols[$property] ) ) {
+                    $sqlFilters[] = $sqlFilter.' AS '.$property.' ';
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        $sqlFilterStr = ( count($sqlFilters) ) ? ( ','.implode( ',', $sqlFilters ) ) : '';
+        return $sqlFilterStr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates a list of parameters (slots) for an SQL snippet.
+     * This method calculates the correct number of slots to insert in the
+     * SQL snippet and determines the correct type of slot. If the bindings
+     * array contains named parameters this method will return named ones and
+     * update the keys in the value list accordingly (that's why we use the &).
+     *
+     * If you pass an offset the bindings will be re-added to the value list.
+     * Some databases cant handle duplicate parameter names in queries.
+     *
+     * @param array   &$valueList    list of values to generate slots for (gets modified if needed)
+     * @param array   $otherBindings list of additional bindings
+     * @param integer $offset        start counter at...
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function getParametersForInClause( &$valueList, $otherBindings, $offset = 0 )
+    {
+        if ( is_array( $otherBindings ) && count( $otherBindings ) > 0 ) {
+            reset( $otherBindings );
+
+            $key = key( $otherBindings );
+
+            if ( !is_numeric($key) ) {
+                $filler  = array();
+                $newList = (!$offset) ? array() : $valueList;
+                $counter = $offset;
+
+                foreach( $valueList as $value ) {
+                    $slot           = ':slot' . ( $counter++ );
+                    $filler[]       = $slot;
+                    $newList[$slot] = $value;
+                }
+
+                // Change the keys!
+                $valueList = $newList;
+
+                return implode( ',', $filler );
+            }
+        }
+
+        return implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $valueList ), '?' ) );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a data type to the list of data types.
+     * Use this method to add a new column type definition to the writer.
+     * Used for UUID support.
+     *
+     * @param integer $dataTypeID    magic number constant assigned to this data type
+     * @param string  $SQLDefinition SQL column definition (i.e. INT(11))
+     *
+     * @return self
+     */
+    protected function addDataType( $dataTypeID, $SQLDefinition )
+    {
+        $this->typeno_sqltype[ $dataTypeID ] = $SQLDefinition;
+        $this->sqltype_typeno[ $SQLDefinition ] = $dataTypeID;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the sql that should follow an insert statement.
+     *
+     * @param string $table name
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function getInsertSuffix( $table )
+    {
+        return '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether a value starts with zeros. In this case
+     * the value should probably be stored using a text datatype instead of a
+     * numerical type in order to preserve the zeros.
+     *
+     * @param string $value value to be checked.
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    protected function startsWithZeros( $value )
+    {
+        $value = strval( $value );
+
+        if ( strlen( $value ) > 1 && strpos( $value, '0' ) === 0 && strpos( $value, '0.' ) !== 0 ) {
+            return TRUE;
+        } else {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inserts a record into the database using a series of insert columns
+     * and corresponding insertvalues. Returns the insert id.
+     *
+     * @param string $table         table to perform query on
+     * @param array  $insertcolumns columns to be inserted
+     * @param array  $insertvalues  values to be inserted
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    protected function insertRecord( $type, $insertcolumns, $insertvalues )
+    {
+        $default = $this->defaultValue;
+        $suffix  = $this->getInsertSuffix( $type );
+        $table   = $this->esc( $type );
+
+        if ( count( $insertvalues ) > 0 && is_array( $insertvalues[0] ) && count( $insertvalues[0] ) > 0 ) {
+
+            $insertSlots = array();
+            foreach ( $insertcolumns as $k => $v ) {
+                $insertcolumns[$k] = $this->esc( $v );
+
+                if (isset(self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$v])) {
+                    $insertSlots[] = self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$v];
+                } else {
+                    $insertSlots[] = '?';
+                }
+            }
+
+            $insertSQL = "INSERT INTO $table ( id, " . implode( ',', $insertcolumns ) . " ) VALUES
 			( $default, " . implode( ',', $insertSlots ) . " ) $suffix";
 
-			$ids = array();
-			foreach ( $insertvalues as $i => $insertvalue ) {
-				$ids[] = $this->adapter->getCell( $insertSQL, $insertvalue, $i );
-			}
-
-			$result = count( $ids ) === 1 ? array_pop( $ids ) : $ids;
-		} else {
-			$result = $this->adapter->getCell( "INSERT INTO $table (id) VALUES($default) $suffix" );
-		}
-
-		if ( $suffix ) return $result;
-
-		$last_id = $this->adapter->getInsertID();
-
-		return $last_id;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks table name or column name.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $table table string
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	protected function check( $struct )
-	{
-		if ( !is_string( $struct ) || !preg_match( '/^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$/', $struct ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Identifier does not conform to RedBeanPHP security policies.' );
-		}
-
-		return $struct;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks whether the specified type (i.e. table) already exists in the database.
-	 * Not part of the Object Database interface!
-	 *
-	 * @param string $table table name
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function tableExists( $table )
-	{
-		$tables = $this->getTables();
-
-		return in_array( $table, $tables );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::glueSQLCondition
-	 */
-	public function glueSQLCondition( $sql, $glue = NULL )
-	{
-		static $snippetCache = array();
-
-		if ( trim( $sql ) === '' ) {
-			return $sql;
-		}
-
-		$key = $glue . '|' . $sql;
-
-		if ( isset( $snippetCache[$key] ) ) {
-			return $snippetCache[$key];
-		}
-
-		$lsql = ltrim( $sql );
-
-		if ( preg_match( '/^(INNER|LEFT|RIGHT|JOIN|AND|OR|WHERE|ORDER|GROUP|HAVING|LIMIT|OFFSET)\s+/i', $lsql ) ) {
-			if ( $glue === QueryWriter::C_GLUE_WHERE && stripos( $lsql, 'AND' ) === 0 ) {
-				$snippetCache[$key] = ' WHERE ' . substr( $lsql, 3 );
-			} else {
-				$snippetCache[$key] = $sql;
-			}
-		} else {
-			$snippetCache[$key] = ( ( $glue === QueryWriter::C_GLUE_AND ) ? ' AND ' : ' WHERE ') . $sql;
-		}
-
-		return $snippetCache[$key];
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::glueLimitOne
-	 */
-	public function glueLimitOne( $sql = '')
-	{
-		return ( strpos( strtoupper( $sql ), 'LIMIT' ) === FALSE ) ? ( $sql . ' LIMIT 1 ' ) : $sql;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::esc
-	 */
-	public function esc( $dbStructure, $dontQuote = FALSE )
-	{
-		$this->check( $dbStructure );
-
-		return ( $dontQuote ) ? $dbStructure : $this->quoteCharacter . $dbStructure . $this->quoteCharacter;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addColumn
-	 */
-	public function addColumn( $type, $column, $field )
-	{
-		$table  = $type;
-		$type   = $field;
-		$table  = $this->esc( $table );
-		$column = $this->esc( $column );
-
-		$type = ( isset( $this->typeno_sqltype[$type] ) ) ? $this->typeno_sqltype[$type] : '';
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE $table ADD $column $type " );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::updateRecord
-	 */
-	public function updateRecord( $type, $updatevalues, $id = NULL )
-	{
-		$table = $type;
-
-		if ( !$id ) {
-			$insertcolumns = $insertvalues = array();
-
-			foreach ( $updatevalues as $pair ) {
-				$insertcolumns[] = $pair['property'];
-				$insertvalues[]  = $pair['value'];
-			}
-
-			//Otherwise psql returns string while MySQL/SQLite return numeric causing problems with additions (array_diff)
-			return (string) $this->insertRecord( $table, $insertcolumns, array( $insertvalues ) );
-		}
-
-		if ( $id && !count( $updatevalues ) ) {
-			return $id;
-		}
-
-		$table = $this->esc( $table );
-		$sql   = "UPDATE $table SET ";
-
-		$p = $v = array();
-
-		foreach ( $updatevalues as $uv ) {
-
-			if ( isset( self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$uv['property']] ) ) {
-				$p[] = " {$this->esc( $uv["property"] )} = ". self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$uv['property']];
-			} else {
-				$p[] = " {$this->esc( $uv["property"] )} = ? ";
-			}
-
-			$v[] = $uv['value'];
-		}
-
-		$sql .= implode( ',', $p ) . ' WHERE id = ? ';
-
-		$v[] = $id;
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( $sql, $v );
-
-		return $id;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::writeJoin
-	 */
-	public function writeJoin( $type, $targetType, $leftRight = 'LEFT' )
-	{
-		if ( $leftRight !== 'LEFT' && $leftRight !== 'RIGHT' && $leftRight !== 'INNER' )
-			throw new RedException( 'Invalid JOIN.' );
-
-		$table = $this->esc( $type );
-		$targetTable = $this->esc( $targetType );
-		$field = $this->esc( $targetType, TRUE );
-		return " {$leftRight} JOIN {$targetTable} ON {$targetTable}.id = {$table}.{$field}_id ";
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets an SQL snippet to be used for the next queryRecord() operation.
-	 * A select snippet will be inserted at the end of the SQL select statement and
-	 * can be used to modify SQL-select commands to enable locking, for instance
-	 * using the 'FOR UPDATE' snippet (this will generate an SQL query like:
-	 * 'SELECT * FROM ... FOR UPDATE'. After the query has been executed the
-	 * SQL snippet will be erased. Note that only the first upcoming direct or
-	 * indirect invocation of queryRecord() through batch(), find() or load()
-	 * will be affected. The SQL snippet will be cached.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql SQL snippet to use in SELECT statement.
-	 *
-	 * return self
-	 */
-	public function setSQLSelectSnippet( $sqlSelectSnippet = '' ) {
-		$this->sqlSelectSnippet = $sqlSelectSnippet;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::queryRecord
-	 */
-	public function queryRecord( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $conditions, trim("$addSql {$this->sqlSelectSnippet}"), $bindings, 'select' ) );
-			if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $type, $key ) ) {
-				return $cached;
-			}
-		}
-
-		$table = $this->esc( $type );
-
-		$sqlFilterStr = '';
-		if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
-			$sqlFilterStr = $this->getSQLFilterSnippet( $type );
-		}
+            $ids = array();
+            foreach ( $insertvalues as $i => $insertvalue ) {
+                $ids[] = $this->adapter->getCell( $insertSQL, $insertvalue, $i );
+            }
+
+            $result = count( $ids ) === 1 ? array_pop( $ids ) : $ids;
+        } else {
+            $result = $this->adapter->getCell( "INSERT INTO $table (id) VALUES($default) $suffix" );
+        }
+
+        if ( $suffix ) return $result;
+
+        $last_id = $this->adapter->getInsertID();
+
+        return $last_id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks table name or column name.
+     *
+     * @param string $table table string
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function check( $struct )
+    {
+        if ( !is_string( $struct ) || !preg_match( '/^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$/', $struct ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Identifier does not conform to RedBeanPHP security policies.' );
+        }
+
+        return $struct;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the specified type (i.e. table) already exists in the database.
+     * Not part of the Object Database interface!
+     *
+     * @param string $table table name
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function tableExists( $table )
+    {
+        $tables = $this->getTables();
+
+        return in_array( $table, $tables );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::glueSQLCondition
+     */
+    public function glueSQLCondition( $sql, $glue = NULL )
+    {
+        static $snippetCache = array();
+
+        if ( trim( $sql ) === '' ) {
+            return $sql;
+        }
+
+        $key = $glue . '|' . $sql;
+
+        if ( isset( $snippetCache[$key] ) ) {
+            return $snippetCache[$key];
+        }
+
+        $lsql = ltrim( $sql );
+
+        if ( preg_match( '/^(INNER|LEFT|RIGHT|JOIN|AND|OR|WHERE|ORDER|GROUP|HAVING|LIMIT|OFFSET)\s+/i', $lsql ) ) {
+            if ( $glue === QueryWriter::C_GLUE_WHERE && stripos( $lsql, 'AND' ) === 0 ) {
+                $snippetCache[$key] = ' WHERE ' . substr( $lsql, 3 );
+            } else {
+                $snippetCache[$key] = $sql;
+            }
+        } else {
+            $snippetCache[$key] = ( ( $glue === QueryWriter::C_GLUE_AND ) ? ' AND ' : ' WHERE ') . $sql;
+        }
+
+        return $snippetCache[$key];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::glueLimitOne
+     */
+    public function glueLimitOne( $sql = '')
+    {
+        return ( strpos( strtoupper( $sql ), 'LIMIT' ) === FALSE ) ? ( $sql . ' LIMIT 1 ' ) : $sql;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::esc
+     */
+    public function esc( $dbStructure, $dontQuote = FALSE )
+    {
+        $this->check( $dbStructure );
+
+        return ( $dontQuote ) ? $dbStructure : $this->quoteCharacter . $dbStructure . $this->quoteCharacter;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addColumn
+     */
+    public function addColumn( $type, $column, $field )
+    {
+        $table  = $type;
+        $type   = $field;
+        $table  = $this->esc( $table );
+        $column = $this->esc( $column );
+
+        $type = ( isset( $this->typeno_sqltype[$type] ) ) ? $this->typeno_sqltype[$type] : '';
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE $table ADD $column $type " );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::updateRecord
+     */
+    public function updateRecord( $type, $updatevalues, $id = NULL )
+    {
+        $table = $type;
+
+        if ( !$id ) {
+            $insertcolumns = $insertvalues = array();
+
+            foreach ( $updatevalues as $pair ) {
+                $insertcolumns[] = $pair['property'];
+                $insertvalues[]  = $pair['value'];
+            }
+
+            //Otherwise psql returns string while MySQL/SQLite return numeric causing problems with additions (array_diff)
+            return (string) $this->insertRecord( $table, $insertcolumns, array( $insertvalues ) );
+        }
+
+        if ( $id && !count( $updatevalues ) ) {
+            return $id;
+        }
+
+        $table = $this->esc( $table );
+        $sql   = "UPDATE $table SET ";
+
+        $p = $v = array();
+
+        foreach ( $updatevalues as $uv ) {
+
+            if ( isset( self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$uv['property']] ) ) {
+                $p[] = " {$this->esc( $uv["property"] )} = ". self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$uv['property']];
+            } else {
+                $p[] = " {$this->esc( $uv["property"] )} = ? ";
+            }
+
+            $v[] = $uv['value'];
+        }
+
+        $sql .= implode( ',', $p ) . ' WHERE id = ? ';
+
+        $v[] = $id;
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( $sql, $v );
+
+        return $id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::writeJoin
+     */
+    public function writeJoin( $type, $targetType, $leftRight = 'LEFT' )
+    {
+        if ( $leftRight !== 'LEFT' && $leftRight !== 'RIGHT' && $leftRight !== 'INNER' )
+            throw new RedException( 'Invalid JOIN.' );
+
+        $table = $this->esc( $type );
+        $targetTable = $this->esc( $targetType );
+        $field = $this->esc( $targetType, TRUE );
+        return " {$leftRight} JOIN {$targetTable} ON {$targetTable}.id = {$table}.{$field}_id ";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets an SQL snippet to be used for the next queryRecord() operation.
+     * A select snippet will be inserted at the end of the SQL select statement and
+     * can be used to modify SQL-select commands to enable locking, for instance
+     * using the 'FOR UPDATE' snippet (this will generate an SQL query like:
+     * 'SELECT * FROM ... FOR UPDATE'. After the query has been executed the
+     * SQL snippet will be erased. Note that only the first upcoming direct or
+     * indirect invocation of queryRecord() through batch(), find() or load()
+     * will be affected. The SQL snippet will be cached.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql SQL snippet to use in SELECT statement.
+     *
+     * return self
+     */
+    public function setSQLSelectSnippet( $sqlSelectSnippet = '' ) {
+        $this->sqlSelectSnippet = $sqlSelectSnippet;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::queryRecord
+     */
+    public function queryRecord( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $conditions, trim("$addSql {$this->sqlSelectSnippet}"), $bindings, 'select' ) );
+            if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $type, $key ) ) {
+                return $cached;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $table = $this->esc( $type );
+
+        $sqlFilterStr = '';
+        if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
+            $sqlFilterStr = $this->getSQLFilterSnippet( $type );
+        }
 		
-		if ( is_array ( $conditions ) && !empty ( $conditions ) ) {
-			$sql = $this->makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, $bindings, $addSql );
-		} else {
-			$sql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql );
-		}
-
-		$fieldSelection = ( self::$flagNarrowFieldMode ) ? "{$table}.*" : '*';
-		$sql   = "SELECT {$fieldSelection} {$sqlFilterStr} FROM {$table} {$sql} {$this->sqlSelectSnippet} -- keep-cache";
-		$this->sqlSelectSnippet = '';
-		$rows  = $this->adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
-
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$this->putResultInCache( $type, $key, $rows );
-		}
-
-		return $rows;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordWithCursor
-	 */
-	public function queryRecordWithCursor( $type, $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $type );
-
-		$sqlFilterStr = '';
-		if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
-			$sqlFilterStr = $this->getSQLFilterSnippet( $type );
-		}
-
-		$fieldSelection = ( self::$flagNarrowFieldMode ) ? "{$table}.*" : '*';
-
-		$sql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql, NULL );
-		$sql = "SELECT {$fieldSelection} {$sqlFilterStr} FROM {$table} {$sql} -- keep-cache";
-
-		return $this->adapter->getCursor( $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordRelated
-	 */
-	public function queryRecordRelated( $sourceType, $destType, $linkIDs, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
-
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $sourceType, implode( ',', $linkIDs ), trim($addSql), $bindings, 'selectrelated' ) );
-			if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $destType, $key ) ) {
-				return $cached;
-			}
-		}
-
-		$addSql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql, QueryWriter::C_GLUE_WHERE );
-		$inClause = $this->getParametersForInClause( $linkIDs, $bindings );
-
-		$sqlFilterStr = '';
-		if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
-			$sqlFilterStr = $this->getSQLFilterSnippet( $destType );
-		}
-
-		if ( $sourceType === $destType ) {
-			$inClause2 = $this->getParametersForInClause( $linkIDs, $bindings, count( $bindings ) ); //for some databases
-			$sql = "
+        if ( is_array ( $conditions ) && !empty ( $conditions ) ) {
+            $sql = $this->makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, $bindings, $addSql );
+        } else {
+            $sql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql );
+        }
+
+        $fieldSelection = ( self::$flagNarrowFieldMode ) ? "{$table}.*" : '*';
+        $sql   = "SELECT {$fieldSelection} {$sqlFilterStr} FROM {$table} {$sql} {$this->sqlSelectSnippet} -- keep-cache";
+        $this->sqlSelectSnippet = '';
+        $rows  = $this->adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
+
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $this->putResultInCache( $type, $key, $rows );
+        }
+
+        return $rows;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordWithCursor
+     */
+    public function queryRecordWithCursor( $type, $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $type );
+
+        $sqlFilterStr = '';
+        if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
+            $sqlFilterStr = $this->getSQLFilterSnippet( $type );
+        }
+
+        $fieldSelection = ( self::$flagNarrowFieldMode ) ? "{$table}.*" : '*';
+
+        $sql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql, NULL );
+        $sql = "SELECT {$fieldSelection} {$sqlFilterStr} FROM {$table} {$sql} -- keep-cache";
+
+        return $this->adapter->getCursor( $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordRelated
+     */
+    public function queryRecordRelated( $sourceType, $destType, $linkIDs, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
+
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $sourceType, implode( ',', $linkIDs ), trim($addSql), $bindings, 'selectrelated' ) );
+            if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $destType, $key ) ) {
+                return $cached;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $addSql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql, QueryWriter::C_GLUE_WHERE );
+        $inClause = $this->getParametersForInClause( $linkIDs, $bindings );
+
+        $sqlFilterStr = '';
+        if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
+            $sqlFilterStr = $this->getSQLFilterSnippet( $destType );
+        }
+
+        if ( $sourceType === $destType ) {
+            $inClause2 = $this->getParametersForInClause( $linkIDs, $bindings, count( $bindings ) ); //for some databases
+            $sql = "
 			SELECT
 				{$destTable}.* {$sqlFilterStr} ,
 				COALESCE(
@@ -6138,9 +6138,9 @@ 
 			{$addSql}
 			-- keep-cache";
 
-			$linkIDs = array_merge( $linkIDs, $linkIDs );
-		} else {
-			$sql = "
+            $linkIDs = array_merge( $linkIDs, $linkIDs );
+        } else {
+            $sql = "
 			SELECT
 				{$destTable}.* {$sqlFilterStr},
 				{$linkTable}.{$sourceCol} AS linked_by
@@ -6149,89 +6149,89 @@ 
 			( {$destTable}.id = {$linkTable}.{$destCol} AND {$linkTable}.{$sourceCol} IN ($inClause) )
 			{$addSql}
 			-- keep-cache";
-		}
+        }
 
-		$bindings = array_merge( $linkIDs, $bindings );
+        $bindings = array_merge( $linkIDs, $bindings );
 
-		$rows = $this->adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
+        $rows = $this->adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
 
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$this->putResultInCache( $destType, $key, $rows );
-		}
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $this->putResultInCache( $destType, $key, $rows );
+        }
 
-		return $rows;
-	}
+        return $rows;
+    }
 
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordLink
-	 */
-	public function queryRecordLink( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID, $destID )
-	{
-		list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
-
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID, $destID, 'selectlink' ) );
-			if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $linkTable, $key ) ) {
-				return $cached;
-			}
-		}
-
-		$sqlFilterStr = '';
-		if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
-			$sqlFilterStr = $this->getSQLFilterSnippet( $destType );
-		}
-
-		if ( $sourceTable === $destTable ) {
-			$sql = "SELECT {$linkTable}.* {$sqlFilterStr} FROM {$linkTable}
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordLink
+     */
+    public function queryRecordLink( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID, $destID )
+    {
+        list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
+
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID, $destID, 'selectlink' ) );
+            if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $linkTable, $key ) ) {
+                return $cached;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $sqlFilterStr = '';
+        if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
+            $sqlFilterStr = $this->getSQLFilterSnippet( $destType );
+        }
+
+        if ( $sourceTable === $destTable ) {
+            $sql = "SELECT {$linkTable}.* {$sqlFilterStr} FROM {$linkTable}
 				WHERE ( {$sourceCol} = ? AND {$destCol} = ? ) OR
 				 ( {$destCol} = ? AND {$sourceCol} = ? ) -- keep-cache";
-			$row = $this->adapter->getRow( $sql, array( $sourceID, $destID, $sourceID, $destID ) );
-		} else {
-			$sql = "SELECT {$linkTable}.* {$sqlFilterStr} FROM {$linkTable}
+            $row = $this->adapter->getRow( $sql, array( $sourceID, $destID, $sourceID, $destID ) );
+        } else {
+            $sql = "SELECT {$linkTable}.* {$sqlFilterStr} FROM {$linkTable}
 				WHERE {$sourceCol} = ? AND {$destCol} = ? -- keep-cache";
-			$row = $this->adapter->getRow( $sql, array( $sourceID, $destID ) );
-		}
-
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$this->putResultInCache( $linkTable, $key, $row );
-		}
-
-		return $row;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns or counts all rows of specified type that have been tagged with one of the
-	 * strings in the specified tag list array.
-	 *
-	 * Note that the additional SQL snippet can only be used for pagination,
-	 * the SQL snippet will be appended to the end of the query.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type     the bean type you want to query
-	 * @param array   $tagList  an array of strings, each string containing a tag title
-	 * @param boolean $all      if TRUE only return records that have been associated with ALL the tags in the list
-	 * @param string  $addSql   addition SQL snippet, for pagination
-	 * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings for additional SQL snippet
-	 * @param string  $wrap     SQL wrapper string (use %s for subquery)
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	private function queryTaggedGeneric( $type, $tagList, $all = FALSE, $addSql = '', $bindings = array(), $wrap = '%s' )
-	{
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$key = $this->getCacheKey( array( implode( ',', $tagList ), $all, trim($addSql), $bindings, 'selectTagged' ) );
-			if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $type, $key ) ) {
-				return $cached;
-			}
-		}
-
-		$assocType = $this->getAssocTable( array( $type, 'tag' ) );
-		$assocTable = $this->esc( $assocType );
-		$assocField = $type . '_id';
-		$table = $this->esc( $type );
-		$slots = implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $tagList ), '?' ) );
-		$score = ( $all ) ? count( $tagList ) : 1;
-
-		$sql = "
+            $row = $this->adapter->getRow( $sql, array( $sourceID, $destID ) );
+        }
+
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $this->putResultInCache( $linkTable, $key, $row );
+        }
+
+        return $row;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns or counts all rows of specified type that have been tagged with one of the
+     * strings in the specified tag list array.
+     *
+     * Note that the additional SQL snippet can only be used for pagination,
+     * the SQL snippet will be appended to the end of the query.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type     the bean type you want to query
+     * @param array   $tagList  an array of strings, each string containing a tag title
+     * @param boolean $all      if TRUE only return records that have been associated with ALL the tags in the list
+     * @param string  $addSql   addition SQL snippet, for pagination
+     * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings for additional SQL snippet
+     * @param string  $wrap     SQL wrapper string (use %s for subquery)
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    private function queryTaggedGeneric( $type, $tagList, $all = FALSE, $addSql = '', $bindings = array(), $wrap = '%s' )
+    {
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $key = $this->getCacheKey( array( implode( ',', $tagList ), $all, trim($addSql), $bindings, 'selectTagged' ) );
+            if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $type, $key ) ) {
+                return $cached;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $assocType = $this->getAssocTable( array( $type, 'tag' ) );
+        $assocTable = $this->esc( $assocType );
+        $assocField = $type . '_id';
+        $table = $this->esc( $type );
+        $slots = implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $tagList ), '?' ) );
+        $score = ( $all ) ? count( $tagList ) : 1;
+
+        $sql = "
 			SELECT {$table}.* FROM {$table}
 			INNER JOIN {$assocTable} ON {$assocField} = {$table}.id
 			INNER JOIN tag ON {$assocTable}.tag_id = tag.id
@@ -6241,82 +6241,82 @@ 
 			{$addSql}
 			-- keep-cache
 		";
-		$sql = sprintf($wrap,$sql);
-
-		$bindings = array_merge( $tagList, array( $score ), $bindings );
-		$rows = $this->adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
-
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$this->putResultInCache( $type, $key, $rows );
-		}
-
-		return $rows;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::queryTagged
-	 */
-	public function queryTagged( $type, $tagList, $all = FALSE, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return $this->queryTaggedGeneric( $type, $tagList, $all, $addSql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::queryCountTagged
-	 */
-	public function queryCountTagged( $type, $tagList, $all = FALSE, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$rows = $this->queryTaggedGeneric( $type, $tagList, $all, $addSql, $bindings, 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS counted FROM (%s) AS counting' );
-		return intval($rows[0]['counted']);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordCount
-	 */
-	public function queryRecordCount( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $conditions, trim($addSql), $bindings, 'count' ) );
-			if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $type, $key ) ) {
-				return $cached;
-			}
-		}
-
-		$table  = $this->esc( $type );
-
-		if ( is_array ( $conditions ) && !empty ( $conditions ) ) {
-			$sql = $this->makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, $bindings, $addSql );
-		} else {
-			$sql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql );
-		}
-
-		$sql    = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$table} {$sql} -- keep-cache";
-		$count  = (int) $this->adapter->getCell( $sql, $bindings );
-
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$this->putResultInCache( $type, $key, $count );
-		}
-
-		return $count;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordCountRelated
-	 */
-	public function queryRecordCountRelated( $sourceType, $destType, $linkID, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
-
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$cacheType = "#{$sourceType}/{$destType}";
-			$key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $sourceType, $destType, $linkID, trim($addSql), $bindings, 'countrelated' ) );
-			if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $cacheType, $key ) ) {
-				return $cached;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if ( $sourceType === $destType ) {
-			$sql = "
+        $sql = sprintf($wrap,$sql);
+
+        $bindings = array_merge( $tagList, array( $score ), $bindings );
+        $rows = $this->adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
+
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $this->putResultInCache( $type, $key, $rows );
+        }
+
+        return $rows;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::queryTagged
+     */
+    public function queryTagged( $type, $tagList, $all = FALSE, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return $this->queryTaggedGeneric( $type, $tagList, $all, $addSql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::queryCountTagged
+     */
+    public function queryCountTagged( $type, $tagList, $all = FALSE, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $rows = $this->queryTaggedGeneric( $type, $tagList, $all, $addSql, $bindings, 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS counted FROM (%s) AS counting' );
+        return intval($rows[0]['counted']);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordCount
+     */
+    public function queryRecordCount( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $conditions, trim($addSql), $bindings, 'count' ) );
+            if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $type, $key ) ) {
+                return $cached;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $table  = $this->esc( $type );
+
+        if ( is_array ( $conditions ) && !empty ( $conditions ) ) {
+            $sql = $this->makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, $bindings, $addSql );
+        } else {
+            $sql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql );
+        }
+
+        $sql    = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$table} {$sql} -- keep-cache";
+        $count  = (int) $this->adapter->getCell( $sql, $bindings );
+
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $this->putResultInCache( $type, $key, $count );
+        }
+
+        return $count;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordCountRelated
+     */
+    public function queryRecordCountRelated( $sourceType, $destType, $linkID, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
+
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $cacheType = "#{$sourceType}/{$destType}";
+            $key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $sourceType, $destType, $linkID, trim($addSql), $bindings, 'countrelated' ) );
+            if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $cacheType, $key ) ) {
+                return $cached;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ( $sourceType === $destType ) {
+            $sql = "
 			SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$linkTable}
 			INNER JOIN {$destTable} ON
 			( {$destTable}.id = {$linkTable}.{$destCol} AND {$linkTable}.{$sourceCol} = ? ) OR
@@ -6324,40 +6324,40 @@ 
 			{$addSql}
 			-- keep-cache";
 
-			$bindings = array_merge( array( $linkID, $linkID ), $bindings );
-		} else {
-			$sql = "
+            $bindings = array_merge( array( $linkID, $linkID ), $bindings );
+        } else {
+            $sql = "
 			SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$linkTable}
 			INNER JOIN {$destTable} ON
 			( {$destTable}.id = {$linkTable}.{$destCol} AND {$linkTable}.{$sourceCol} = ? )
 			{$addSql}
 			-- keep-cache";
 
-			$bindings = array_merge( array( $linkID ), $bindings );
-		}
+            $bindings = array_merge( array( $linkID ), $bindings );
+        }
 
-		$count = (int) $this->adapter->getCell( $sql, $bindings );
+        $count = (int) $this->adapter->getCell( $sql, $bindings );
 
-		if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
-			$this->putResultInCache( $cacheType, $key, $count );
-		}
+        if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+            $this->putResultInCache( $cacheType, $key, $count );
+        }
 
-		return $count;
-	}
+        return $count;
+    }
 
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::queryRecursiveCommonTableExpression
-	 */
-	public function queryRecursiveCommonTableExpression( $type, $id, $up = TRUE, $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$alias     = $up ? 'parent' : 'child';
-		$direction = $up ? " {$alias}.{$type}_id = {$type}.id " : " {$alias}.id = {$type}.{$type}_id ";
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::queryRecursiveCommonTableExpression
+     */
+    public function queryRecursiveCommonTableExpression( $type, $id, $up = TRUE, $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $alias     = $up ? 'parent' : 'child';
+        $direction = $up ? " {$alias}.{$type}_id = {$type}.id " : " {$alias}.id = {$type}.{$type}_id ";
 
-		array_unshift( $bindings, $id );
+        array_unshift( $bindings, $id );
 
-		$sql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql, QueryWriter::C_GLUE_WHERE );
+        $sql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql, QueryWriter::C_GLUE_WHERE );
 
-		$rows = $this->adapter->get("
+        $rows = $this->adapter->get("
 			WITH RECURSIVE tree AS
 			(
 				SELECT *
@@ -6367,178 +6367,178 @@ 
 				INNER JOIN tree {$alias} ON {$direction}
 			)
 			SELECT * FROM tree {$sql};",
-			$bindings
-		);
-
-		return $rows;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::deleteRecord
-	 */
-	public function deleteRecord( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$table  = $this->esc( $type );
-
-		if ( is_array ( $conditions ) && !empty ( $conditions ) ) {
-			$sql = $this->makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, $bindings, $addSql );
-		} else {
-			$sql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql );
-		}
+            $bindings
+        );
+
+        return $rows;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::deleteRecord
+     */
+    public function deleteRecord( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $table  = $this->esc( $type );
+
+        if ( is_array ( $conditions ) && !empty ( $conditions ) ) {
+            $sql = $this->makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, $bindings, $addSql );
+        } else {
+            $sql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql );
+        }
 		
-		$sql    = "DELETE FROM {$table} {$sql}";
+        $sql    = "DELETE FROM {$table} {$sql}";
 
-		$this->adapter->exec( $sql, $bindings );
-	}
+        $this->adapter->exec( $sql, $bindings );
+    }
 
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::deleteRelations
-	 */
-	public function deleteRelations( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID )
-	{
-		list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::deleteRelations
+     */
+    public function deleteRelations( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID )
+    {
+        list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
 
-		if ( $sourceTable === $destTable ) {
-			$sql = "DELETE FROM {$linkTable}
+        if ( $sourceTable === $destTable ) {
+            $sql = "DELETE FROM {$linkTable}
 				WHERE ( {$sourceCol} = ? ) OR
 				( {$destCol} = ?  )
 			";
 
-			$this->adapter->exec( $sql, array( $sourceID, $sourceID ) );
-		} else {
-			$sql = "DELETE FROM {$linkTable}
+            $this->adapter->exec( $sql, array( $sourceID, $sourceID ) );
+        } else {
+            $sql = "DELETE FROM {$linkTable}
 				WHERE {$sourceCol} = ? ";
 
-			$this->adapter->exec( $sql, array( $sourceID ) );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::widenColumn
-	 */
-	public function widenColumn( $type, $property, $dataType )
-	{
-		if ( !isset($this->typeno_sqltype[$dataType]) ) return FALSE;
-
-		$table   = $this->esc( $type );
-		$column  = $this->esc( $property );
-
-		$newType = $this->typeno_sqltype[$dataType];
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE $table CHANGE $column $column $newType " );
-
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::wipe
-	 */
-	public function wipe( $type )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $type );
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( "TRUNCATE $table " );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::renameAssocTable
-	 */
-	public function renameAssocTable( $from, $to = NULL )
-	{
-		self::renameAssociation( $from, $to );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::getAssocTable
-	 */
-	public function getAssocTable( $types )
-	{
-		return self::getAssocTableFormat( $types );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Turns caching on or off. Default: off.
-	 * If caching is turned on retrieval queries fired after eachother will
-	 * use a result row cache.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function setUseCache( $yesNo )
-	{
-		$this->flushCache();
-
-		$this->flagUseCache = (bool) $yesNo;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Flushes the Query Writer Cache.
-	 * Clears the internal query cache array and returns its overall
-	 * size.
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function flushCache( $newMaxCacheSizePerType = NULL )
-	{
-		if ( !is_null( $newMaxCacheSizePerType ) && $newMaxCacheSizePerType > 0 ) {
-			$this->maxCacheSizePerType = $newMaxCacheSizePerType;
-		}
-		$count = count( $this->cache, COUNT_RECURSIVE );
-		$this->cache = array();
-		return $count;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @deprecated Use esc() instead.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $column   column to be escaped
-	 * @param boolean $noQuotes omit quotes
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function safeColumn( $column, $noQuotes = FALSE )
-	{
-		return $this->esc( $column, $noQuotes );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @deprecated Use esc() instead.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $table    table to be escaped
-	 * @param boolean $noQuotes omit quotes
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function safeTable( $table, $noQuotes = FALSE )
-	{
-		return $this->esc( $table, $noQuotes );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::inferFetchType
-	 */
-	public function inferFetchType( $type, $property )
-	{
-		$type = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$field = $this->esc( $property, TRUE ) . '_id';
-		$keys = $this->getKeyMapForType( $type );
-
-		foreach( $keys as $key ) {
-			if (
-				$key['from'] === $field
-			) return $key['table'];
-		}
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueConstraint
-	 */
-	public function addUniqueIndex( $type, $properties )
-	{
-		return $this->addUniqueConstraint( $type, $properties );
-	}
+            $this->adapter->exec( $sql, array( $sourceID ) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::widenColumn
+     */
+    public function widenColumn( $type, $property, $dataType )
+    {
+        if ( !isset($this->typeno_sqltype[$dataType]) ) return FALSE;
+
+        $table   = $this->esc( $type );
+        $column  = $this->esc( $property );
+
+        $newType = $this->typeno_sqltype[$dataType];
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE $table CHANGE $column $column $newType " );
+
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::wipe
+     */
+    public function wipe( $type )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $type );
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( "TRUNCATE $table " );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::renameAssocTable
+     */
+    public function renameAssocTable( $from, $to = NULL )
+    {
+        self::renameAssociation( $from, $to );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::getAssocTable
+     */
+    public function getAssocTable( $types )
+    {
+        return self::getAssocTableFormat( $types );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turns caching on or off. Default: off.
+     * If caching is turned on retrieval queries fired after eachother will
+     * use a result row cache.
+     *
+     * @param boolean
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setUseCache( $yesNo )
+    {
+        $this->flushCache();
+
+        $this->flagUseCache = (bool) $yesNo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flushes the Query Writer Cache.
+     * Clears the internal query cache array and returns its overall
+     * size.
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function flushCache( $newMaxCacheSizePerType = NULL )
+    {
+        if ( !is_null( $newMaxCacheSizePerType ) && $newMaxCacheSizePerType > 0 ) {
+            $this->maxCacheSizePerType = $newMaxCacheSizePerType;
+        }
+        $count = count( $this->cache, COUNT_RECURSIVE );
+        $this->cache = array();
+        return $count;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use esc() instead.
+     *
+     * @param string  $column   column to be escaped
+     * @param boolean $noQuotes omit quotes
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function safeColumn( $column, $noQuotes = FALSE )
+    {
+        return $this->esc( $column, $noQuotes );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use esc() instead.
+     *
+     * @param string  $table    table to be escaped
+     * @param boolean $noQuotes omit quotes
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function safeTable( $table, $noQuotes = FALSE )
+    {
+        return $this->esc( $table, $noQuotes );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::inferFetchType
+     */
+    public function inferFetchType( $type, $property )
+    {
+        $type = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $field = $this->esc( $property, TRUE ) . '_id';
+        $keys = $this->getKeyMapForType( $type );
+
+        foreach( $keys as $key ) {
+            if (
+                $key['from'] === $field
+            ) return $key['table'];
+        }
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueConstraint
+     */
+    public function addUniqueIndex( $type, $properties )
+    {
+        return $this->addUniqueConstraint( $type, $properties );
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -6566,45 +6566,45 @@ 
  */
 class MySQL extends AQueryWriter implements QueryWriter
 {
-	/**
-	 * Data types
-	 */
-	const C_DATATYPE_BOOL             = 0;
-	const C_DATATYPE_UINT32           = 2;
-	const C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           = 3;
-	const C_DATATYPE_TEXT7            = 4; //InnoDB cant index varchar(255) utf8mb4 - so keep 191 as long as possible
-	const C_DATATYPE_TEXT8            = 5;
-	const C_DATATYPE_TEXT16           = 6;
-	const C_DATATYPE_TEXT32           = 7;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     = 80;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME = 81;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIME     = 83;  //MySQL time column (only manual)
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT    = 90;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LINESTRING = 91;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON    = 92;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY      = 93;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON       = 94;  //JSON support (only manual)
-
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED        = 99;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var DBAdapter
-	 */
-	protected $adapter;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $quoteCharacter = '`';
-
-	/**
-	 * @see AQueryWriter::getKeyMapForType
-	 */
-	protected function getKeyMapForType( $type )
-	{
-		$databaseName = $this->adapter->getCell('SELECT DATABASE()');
-		$table = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$keys = $this->adapter->get('
+    /**
+     * Data types
+     */
+    const C_DATATYPE_BOOL             = 0;
+    const C_DATATYPE_UINT32           = 2;
+    const C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           = 3;
+    const C_DATATYPE_TEXT7            = 4; //InnoDB cant index varchar(255) utf8mb4 - so keep 191 as long as possible
+    const C_DATATYPE_TEXT8            = 5;
+    const C_DATATYPE_TEXT16           = 6;
+    const C_DATATYPE_TEXT32           = 7;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     = 80;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME = 81;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIME     = 83;  //MySQL time column (only manual)
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT    = 90;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LINESTRING = 91;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON    = 92;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY      = 93;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON       = 94;  //JSON support (only manual)
+
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED        = 99;
+
+    /**
+     * @var DBAdapter
+     */
+    protected $adapter;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $quoteCharacter = '`';
+
+    /**
+     * @see AQueryWriter::getKeyMapForType
+     */
+    protected function getKeyMapForType( $type )
+    {
+        $databaseName = $this->adapter->getCell('SELECT DATABASE()');
+        $table = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $keys = $this->adapter->get('
 			SELECT
 				information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_name AS `name`,
 				information_schema.key_column_usage.referenced_table_name AS `table`,
@@ -6623,338 +6623,338 @@ 
 				AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_name != \'PRIMARY\'
 				AND information_schema.key_column_usage.referenced_table_name IS NOT NULL
 		', array( ':database' => $databaseName, ':table' => $table ) );
-		$keyInfoList = array();
-		foreach ( $keys as $k ) {
-			$label = $this->makeFKLabel( $k['from'], $k['table'], $k['to'] );
-			$keyInfoList[$label] = array(
-				'name'          => $k['name'],
-				'from'          => $k['from'],
-				'table'         => $k['table'],
-				'to'            => $k['to'],
-				'on_update'     => $k['on_update'],
-				'on_delete'     => $k['on_delete']
-			);
-		}
-		return $keyInfoList;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 * Most of the time, you do not need to use this constructor,
-	 * since the facade takes care of constructing and wiring the
-	 * RedBeanPHP core objects. However if you would like to
-	 * assemble an OODB instance yourself, this is how it works:
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
-	 * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
-	 * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
-	 * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
-	 * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
-	 * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
-	 * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
-	 * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
-	 * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
-	 * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
-	 *
-	 * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
-	 * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
-	 * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
-	 * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
-	 * object.
-	 *
-	 * @param Adapter $adapter Database Adapter
-	 */
-	public function __construct( Adapter $adapter )
-	{
-		$this->typeno_sqltype = array(
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_BOOL             => ' TINYINT(1) UNSIGNED ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_UINT32           => ' INT(11) UNSIGNED ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           => ' DOUBLE ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT7            => ' VARCHAR(191) ',
-			MYSQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT8	           => ' VARCHAR(255) ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT16           => ' TEXT ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT32           => ' LONGTEXT ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     => ' DATE ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME => ' DATETIME ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIME     => ' TIME ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT    => ' POINT ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LINESTRING => ' LINESTRING ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON => ' POLYGON ',
-			MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY    => ' DECIMAL(10,2) ',
-			MYSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON     => ' JSON '
-		);
-
-		$this->sqltype_typeno = array();
-
-		foreach ( $this->typeno_sqltype as $k => $v ) {
-			$this->sqltype_typeno[trim( strtolower( $v ) )] = $k;
-		}
-
-		$this->adapter = $adapter;
-
-		$this->encoding = $this->adapter->getDatabase()->getMysqlEncoding();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * This method returns the datatype to be used for primary key IDS and
-	 * foreign keys. Returns one if the data type constants.
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function getTypeForID()
-	{
-		return self::C_DATATYPE_UINT32;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::getTables
-	 */
-	public function getTables()
-	{
-		return $this->adapter->getCol( 'show tables' );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::createTable
-	 */
-	public function createTable( $table )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $table );
-
-		$charset_collate = $this->adapter->getDatabase()->getMysqlEncoding( TRUE );
-		$charset = $charset_collate['charset'];
-		$collate = $charset_collate['collate'];
+        $keyInfoList = array();
+        foreach ( $keys as $k ) {
+            $label = $this->makeFKLabel( $k['from'], $k['table'], $k['to'] );
+            $keyInfoList[$label] = array(
+                'name'          => $k['name'],
+                'from'          => $k['from'],
+                'table'         => $k['table'],
+                'to'            => $k['to'],
+                'on_update'     => $k['on_update'],
+                'on_delete'     => $k['on_delete']
+            );
+        }
+        return $keyInfoList;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     * Most of the time, you do not need to use this constructor,
+     * since the facade takes care of constructing and wiring the
+     * RedBeanPHP core objects. However if you would like to
+     * assemble an OODB instance yourself, this is how it works:
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
+     * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
+     * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
+     * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
+     * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
+     * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
+     * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
+     * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
+     * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
+     * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
+     * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
+     * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
+     *
+     * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
+     * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
+     * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
+     * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
+     * object.
+     *
+     * @param Adapter $adapter Database Adapter
+     */
+    public function __construct( Adapter $adapter )
+    {
+        $this->typeno_sqltype = array(
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_BOOL             => ' TINYINT(1) UNSIGNED ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_UINT32           => ' INT(11) UNSIGNED ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           => ' DOUBLE ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT7            => ' VARCHAR(191) ',
+            MYSQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT8	           => ' VARCHAR(255) ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT16           => ' TEXT ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT32           => ' LONGTEXT ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     => ' DATE ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME => ' DATETIME ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIME     => ' TIME ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT    => ' POINT ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LINESTRING => ' LINESTRING ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON => ' POLYGON ',
+            MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY    => ' DECIMAL(10,2) ',
+            MYSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON     => ' JSON '
+        );
+
+        $this->sqltype_typeno = array();
+
+        foreach ( $this->typeno_sqltype as $k => $v ) {
+            $this->sqltype_typeno[trim( strtolower( $v ) )] = $k;
+        }
+
+        $this->adapter = $adapter;
+
+        $this->encoding = $this->adapter->getDatabase()->getMysqlEncoding();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the datatype to be used for primary key IDS and
+     * foreign keys. Returns one if the data type constants.
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function getTypeForID()
+    {
+        return self::C_DATATYPE_UINT32;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::getTables
+     */
+    public function getTables()
+    {
+        return $this->adapter->getCol( 'show tables' );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::createTable
+     */
+    public function createTable( $table )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $table );
+
+        $charset_collate = $this->adapter->getDatabase()->getMysqlEncoding( TRUE );
+        $charset = $charset_collate['charset'];
+        $collate = $charset_collate['collate'];
 		
-		$sql   = "CREATE TABLE $table (id INT( 11 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, PRIMARY KEY ( id )) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET={$charset} COLLATE={$collate} ";
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( $sql );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::getColumns
-	 */
-	public function getColumns( $table )
-	{
-		$columnsRaw = $this->adapter->get( "DESCRIBE " . $this->esc( $table ) );
-
-		$columns = array();
-		foreach ( $columnsRaw as $r ) {
-			$columns[$r['Field']] = $r['Type'];
-		}
-
-		return $columns;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::scanType
-	 */
-	public function scanType( $value, $flagSpecial = FALSE )
-	{
-		$this->svalue = $value;
-
-		if ( is_null( $value ) ) return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_BOOL;
-		if ( $value === INF ) return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT7;
-
-		if ( $flagSpecial ) {
-			if ( preg_match( '/^-?\d+\.\d{2}$/', $value ) ) {
-				return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY;
-			}
-			if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d$/', $value ) ) {
-				return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE;
-			}
-			if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d\s\d\d:\d\d:\d\d$/', $value ) ) {
-				return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME;
-			}
-			if ( preg_match( '/^POINT\(/', $value ) ) {
-				return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT;
-			}
-			if ( preg_match( '/^LINESTRING\(/', $value ) ) {
-				return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LINESTRING;
-			}
-			if ( preg_match( '/^POLYGON\(/', $value ) ) {
-				return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON;
-			}
-			if ( self::$flagUseJSONColumns && $this->isJSON( $value ) ) {
-				return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON;
-			}
-		}
-
-		//setter turns TRUE FALSE into 0 and 1 because database has no real bools (TRUE and FALSE only for test?).
-		if ( $value === FALSE || $value === TRUE || $value === '0' || $value === '1' ) {
-			return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_BOOL;
-		}
-
-		if ( is_float( $value ) ) return self::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE;
-
-		if ( !$this->startsWithZeros( $value ) ) {
-
-			if ( is_numeric( $value ) && ( floor( $value ) == $value ) && $value >= 0 && $value <= 4294967295 ) {
-				return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_UINT32;
-			}
-
-			if ( is_numeric( $value ) ) {
-				return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if ( mb_strlen( $value, 'UTF-8' ) <= 191 ) {
-			return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT7;
-		}
-
-		if ( mb_strlen( $value, 'UTF-8' ) <= 255 ) {
-			return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT8;
-		}
-
-		if ( mb_strlen( $value, 'UTF-8' ) <= 65535 ) {
-			return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT16;
-		}
-
-		return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT32;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::code
-	 */
-	public function code( $typedescription, $includeSpecials = FALSE )
-	{
-		if ( isset( $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] ) ) {
-			$r = $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription];
-		} else {
-			$r = self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED;
-		}
-
-		if ( $includeSpecials ) {
-			return $r;
-		}
-
-		if ( $r >= QueryWriter::C_DATATYPE_RANGE_SPECIAL ) {
-			return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED;
-		}
-
-		return $r;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueIndex
-	 */
-	public function addUniqueConstraint( $type, $properties )
-	{
-		$tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$columns = array();
-		foreach( $properties as $key => $column ) $columns[$key] = $this->esc( $column );
-		$table = $this->esc( $type );
-		sort( $columns ); // Else we get multiple indexes due to order-effects
-		$name = 'UQ_' . sha1( implode( ',', $columns ) );
-		try {
-			$sql = "ALTER TABLE $table
+        $sql   = "CREATE TABLE $table (id INT( 11 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, PRIMARY KEY ( id )) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET={$charset} COLLATE={$collate} ";
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( $sql );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::getColumns
+     */
+    public function getColumns( $table )
+    {
+        $columnsRaw = $this->adapter->get( "DESCRIBE " . $this->esc( $table ) );
+
+        $columns = array();
+        foreach ( $columnsRaw as $r ) {
+            $columns[$r['Field']] = $r['Type'];
+        }
+
+        return $columns;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::scanType
+     */
+    public function scanType( $value, $flagSpecial = FALSE )
+    {
+        $this->svalue = $value;
+
+        if ( is_null( $value ) ) return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_BOOL;
+        if ( $value === INF ) return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT7;
+
+        if ( $flagSpecial ) {
+            if ( preg_match( '/^-?\d+\.\d{2}$/', $value ) ) {
+                return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY;
+            }
+            if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d$/', $value ) ) {
+                return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE;
+            }
+            if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d\s\d\d:\d\d:\d\d$/', $value ) ) {
+                return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME;
+            }
+            if ( preg_match( '/^POINT\(/', $value ) ) {
+                return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT;
+            }
+            if ( preg_match( '/^LINESTRING\(/', $value ) ) {
+                return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LINESTRING;
+            }
+            if ( preg_match( '/^POLYGON\(/', $value ) ) {
+                return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON;
+            }
+            if ( self::$flagUseJSONColumns && $this->isJSON( $value ) ) {
+                return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //setter turns TRUE FALSE into 0 and 1 because database has no real bools (TRUE and FALSE only for test?).
+        if ( $value === FALSE || $value === TRUE || $value === '0' || $value === '1' ) {
+            return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_BOOL;
+        }
+
+        if ( is_float( $value ) ) return self::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE;
+
+        if ( !$this->startsWithZeros( $value ) ) {
+
+            if ( is_numeric( $value ) && ( floor( $value ) == $value ) && $value >= 0 && $value <= 4294967295 ) {
+                return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_UINT32;
+            }
+
+            if ( is_numeric( $value ) ) {
+                return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ( mb_strlen( $value, 'UTF-8' ) <= 191 ) {
+            return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT7;
+        }
+
+        if ( mb_strlen( $value, 'UTF-8' ) <= 255 ) {
+            return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT8;
+        }
+
+        if ( mb_strlen( $value, 'UTF-8' ) <= 65535 ) {
+            return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT16;
+        }
+
+        return MySQL::C_DATATYPE_TEXT32;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::code
+     */
+    public function code( $typedescription, $includeSpecials = FALSE )
+    {
+        if ( isset( $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] ) ) {
+            $r = $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription];
+        } else {
+            $r = self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED;
+        }
+
+        if ( $includeSpecials ) {
+            return $r;
+        }
+
+        if ( $r >= QueryWriter::C_DATATYPE_RANGE_SPECIAL ) {
+            return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED;
+        }
+
+        return $r;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueIndex
+     */
+    public function addUniqueConstraint( $type, $properties )
+    {
+        $tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $columns = array();
+        foreach( $properties as $key => $column ) $columns[$key] = $this->esc( $column );
+        $table = $this->esc( $type );
+        sort( $columns ); // Else we get multiple indexes due to order-effects
+        $name = 'UQ_' . sha1( implode( ',', $columns ) );
+        try {
+            $sql = "ALTER TABLE $table
 						 ADD UNIQUE INDEX $name (" . implode( ',', $columns ) . ")";
-			$this->adapter->exec( $sql );
-		} catch ( SQLException $e ) {
-			//do nothing, dont use alter table ignore, this will delete duplicate records in 3-ways!
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addIndex
-	 */
-	public function addIndex( $type, $name, $property )
-	{
-		try {
-			$table  = $this->esc( $type );
-			$name   = preg_replace( '/\W/', '', $name );
-			$column = $this->esc( $property );
-			$this->adapter->exec( "CREATE INDEX $name ON $table ($column) " );
-			return TRUE;
-		} catch ( SQLException $e ) {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addFK
-	 * @return bool
-	 */
-	public function addFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDependent = FALSE )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $type );
-		$targetTable = $this->esc( $targetType );
-		$targetTableNoQ = $this->esc( $targetType, TRUE );
-		$field = $this->esc( $property );
-		$fieldNoQ = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
-		$targetField = $this->esc( $targetProperty );
-		$targetFieldNoQ = $this->esc( $targetProperty, TRUE );
-		$tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$fieldNoQ = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
-		if ( !is_null( $this->getForeignKeyForTypeProperty( $tableNoQ, $fieldNoQ ) ) ) return FALSE;
-
-		//Widen the column if it's incapable of representing a foreign key (at least INT).
-		$columns = $this->getColumns( $tableNoQ );
-		$idType = $this->getTypeForID();
-		if ( $this->code( $columns[$fieldNoQ] ) !==  $idType ) {
-			$this->widenColumn( $type, $property, $idType );
-		}
-
-		$fkName = 'fk_'.($tableNoQ.'_'.$fieldNoQ);
-		$cName = 'c_'.$fkName;
-		try {
-			$this->adapter->exec( "
+            $this->adapter->exec( $sql );
+        } catch ( SQLException $e ) {
+            //do nothing, dont use alter table ignore, this will delete duplicate records in 3-ways!
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addIndex
+     */
+    public function addIndex( $type, $name, $property )
+    {
+        try {
+            $table  = $this->esc( $type );
+            $name   = preg_replace( '/\W/', '', $name );
+            $column = $this->esc( $property );
+            $this->adapter->exec( "CREATE INDEX $name ON $table ($column) " );
+            return TRUE;
+        } catch ( SQLException $e ) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addFK
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function addFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDependent = FALSE )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $type );
+        $targetTable = $this->esc( $targetType );
+        $targetTableNoQ = $this->esc( $targetType, TRUE );
+        $field = $this->esc( $property );
+        $fieldNoQ = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
+        $targetField = $this->esc( $targetProperty );
+        $targetFieldNoQ = $this->esc( $targetProperty, TRUE );
+        $tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $fieldNoQ = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
+        if ( !is_null( $this->getForeignKeyForTypeProperty( $tableNoQ, $fieldNoQ ) ) ) return FALSE;
+
+        //Widen the column if it's incapable of representing a foreign key (at least INT).
+        $columns = $this->getColumns( $tableNoQ );
+        $idType = $this->getTypeForID();
+        if ( $this->code( $columns[$fieldNoQ] ) !==  $idType ) {
+            $this->widenColumn( $type, $property, $idType );
+        }
+
+        $fkName = 'fk_'.($tableNoQ.'_'.$fieldNoQ);
+        $cName = 'c_'.$fkName;
+        try {
+            $this->adapter->exec( "
 				ALTER TABLE {$table}
 				ADD CONSTRAINT $cName
 				FOREIGN KEY $fkName ( `{$fieldNoQ}` ) REFERENCES `{$targetTableNoQ}`
 				(`{$targetFieldNoQ}`) ON DELETE " . ( $isDependent ? 'CASCADE' : 'SET NULL' ) . ' ON UPDATE '.( $isDependent ? 'CASCADE' : 'SET NULL' ).';');
-		} catch ( SQLException $e ) {
-			// Failure of fk-constraints is not a problem
-		}
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::sqlStateIn
-	 */
-	public function sqlStateIn( $state, $list, $extraDriverDetails = array() )
-	{
-		$stateMap = array(
-			'42S02' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE,
-			'42S22' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN,
-			'23000' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION,
-		);
-
-		if ( $state == 'HY000' && !empty( $extraDriverDetails[1] ) ) {
-			$driverCode = $extraDriverDetails[1];
-
-			if ( $driverCode == '1205' && in_array( QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_LOCK_TIMEOUT, $list ) ) {
-				return TRUE;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return in_array( ( isset( $stateMap[$state] ) ? $stateMap[$state] : '0' ), $list );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::wipeAll
-	 */
-	public function wipeAll()
-	{
-		if (AQueryWriter::$noNuke) throw new \Exception('The nuke() command has been disabled using noNuke() or R::feature(novice/...).');
-		$this->adapter->exec( 'SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;' );
-
-		foreach ( $this->getTables() as $t ) {
-			try { $this->adapter->exec( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `$t`" ); } catch ( SQLException $e ) { ; }
-			try { $this->adapter->exec( "DROP VIEW IF EXISTS `$t`" ); } catch ( SQLException $e ) { ; }
-		}
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( 'SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;' );
-	}
+        } catch ( SQLException $e ) {
+            // Failure of fk-constraints is not a problem
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::sqlStateIn
+     */
+    public function sqlStateIn( $state, $list, $extraDriverDetails = array() )
+    {
+        $stateMap = array(
+            '42S02' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE,
+            '42S22' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN,
+            '23000' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION,
+        );
+
+        if ( $state == 'HY000' && !empty( $extraDriverDetails[1] ) ) {
+            $driverCode = $extraDriverDetails[1];
+
+            if ( $driverCode == '1205' && in_array( QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_LOCK_TIMEOUT, $list ) ) {
+                return TRUE;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return in_array( ( isset( $stateMap[$state] ) ? $stateMap[$state] : '0' ), $list );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::wipeAll
+     */
+    public function wipeAll()
+    {
+        if (AQueryWriter::$noNuke) throw new \Exception('The nuke() command has been disabled using noNuke() or R::feature(novice/...).');
+        $this->adapter->exec( 'SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;' );
+
+        foreach ( $this->getTables() as $t ) {
+            try { $this->adapter->exec( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `$t`" ); } catch ( SQLException $e ) { ; }
+            try { $this->adapter->exec( "DROP VIEW IF EXISTS `$t`" ); } catch ( SQLException $e ) { ; }
+        }
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( 'SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;' );
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -6982,446 +6982,446 @@ 
  */
 class SQLiteT extends AQueryWriter implements QueryWriter
 {
-	/**
-	 * Data types
-	 */
-	const C_DATATYPE_INTEGER   = 0;
-	const C_DATATYPE_NUMERIC   = 1;
-	const C_DATATYPE_TEXT      = 2;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED = 99;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var DBAdapter
-	 */
-	protected $adapter;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $quoteCharacter = '`';
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets all information about a table (from a type).
-	 *
-	 * Format:
-	 * array(
-	 *    name => name of the table
-	 *    columns => array( name => datatype )
-	 *    indexes => array() raw index information rows from PRAGMA query
-	 *    keys => array() raw key information rows from PRAGMA query
-	 * )
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type you want to get info of
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	protected function getTable( $type )
-	{
-		$tableName = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$columns   = $this->getColumns( $type );
-		$indexes   = $this->getIndexes( $type );
-		$keys      = $this->getKeyMapForType( $type );
-
-		$table = array(
-			'columns' => $columns,
-			'indexes' => $indexes,
-			'keys' => $keys,
-			'name' => $tableName
-		);
-
-		$this->tableArchive[$tableName] = $table;
-
-		return $table;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Puts a table. Updates the table structure.
-	 * In SQLite we can't change columns, drop columns, change or add foreign keys so we
-	 * have a table-rebuild function. You simply load your table with getTable(), modify it and
-	 * then store it with putTable()...
-	 *
-	 * @param array $tableMap information array
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function putTable( $tableMap )
-	{
-		$table = $tableMap['name'];
-		$q     = array();
-		$q[]   = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tmp_backup;";
-
-		$oldColumnNames = array_keys( $this->getColumns( $table ) );
-
-		foreach ( $oldColumnNames as $k => $v ) $oldColumnNames[$k] = "`$v`";
-
-		$q[] = "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_backup(" . implode( ",", $oldColumnNames ) . ");";
-		$q[] = "INSERT INTO tmp_backup SELECT * FROM `$table`;";
-		$q[] = "PRAGMA foreign_keys = 0 ";
-		$q[] = "DROP TABLE `$table`;";
-
-		$newTableDefStr = '';
-		foreach ( $tableMap['columns'] as $column => $type ) {
-			if ( $column != 'id' ) {
-				$newTableDefStr .= ",`$column` $type";
-			}
-		}
-
-		$fkDef = '';
-		foreach ( $tableMap['keys'] as $key ) {
-			$fkDef .= ", FOREIGN KEY(`{$key['from']}`)
+    /**
+     * Data types
+     */
+    const C_DATATYPE_INTEGER   = 0;
+    const C_DATATYPE_NUMERIC   = 1;
+    const C_DATATYPE_TEXT      = 2;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED = 99;
+
+    /**
+     * @var DBAdapter
+     */
+    protected $adapter;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $quoteCharacter = '`';
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all information about a table (from a type).
+     *
+     * Format:
+     * array(
+     *    name => name of the table
+     *    columns => array( name => datatype )
+     *    indexes => array() raw index information rows from PRAGMA query
+     *    keys => array() raw key information rows from PRAGMA query
+     * )
+     *
+     * @param string $type type you want to get info of
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    protected function getTable( $type )
+    {
+        $tableName = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $columns   = $this->getColumns( $type );
+        $indexes   = $this->getIndexes( $type );
+        $keys      = $this->getKeyMapForType( $type );
+
+        $table = array(
+            'columns' => $columns,
+            'indexes' => $indexes,
+            'keys' => $keys,
+            'name' => $tableName
+        );
+
+        $this->tableArchive[$tableName] = $table;
+
+        return $table;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Puts a table. Updates the table structure.
+     * In SQLite we can't change columns, drop columns, change or add foreign keys so we
+     * have a table-rebuild function. You simply load your table with getTable(), modify it and
+     * then store it with putTable()...
+     *
+     * @param array $tableMap information array
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function putTable( $tableMap )
+    {
+        $table = $tableMap['name'];
+        $q     = array();
+        $q[]   = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tmp_backup;";
+
+        $oldColumnNames = array_keys( $this->getColumns( $table ) );
+
+        foreach ( $oldColumnNames as $k => $v ) $oldColumnNames[$k] = "`$v`";
+
+        $q[] = "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_backup(" . implode( ",", $oldColumnNames ) . ");";
+        $q[] = "INSERT INTO tmp_backup SELECT * FROM `$table`;";
+        $q[] = "PRAGMA foreign_keys = 0 ";
+        $q[] = "DROP TABLE `$table`;";
+
+        $newTableDefStr = '';
+        foreach ( $tableMap['columns'] as $column => $type ) {
+            if ( $column != 'id' ) {
+                $newTableDefStr .= ",`$column` $type";
+            }
+        }
+
+        $fkDef = '';
+        foreach ( $tableMap['keys'] as $key ) {
+            $fkDef .= ", FOREIGN KEY(`{$key['from']}`)
 						 REFERENCES `{$key['table']}`(`{$key['to']}`)
 						 ON DELETE {$key['on_delete']} ON UPDATE {$key['on_update']}";
-		}
-
-		$q[] = "CREATE TABLE `$table` ( `id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT  $newTableDefStr  $fkDef );";
-
-		foreach ( $tableMap['indexes'] as $name => $index ) {
-			if ( strpos( $name, 'UQ_' ) === 0 ) {
-				$cols = explode( '__', substr( $name, strlen( 'UQ_' . $table ) ) );
-				foreach ( $cols as $k => $v ) $cols[$k] = "`$v`";
-				$q[] = "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX $name ON `$table` (" . implode( ',', $cols ) . ")";
-			} else $q[] = "CREATE INDEX $name ON `$table` ({$index['name']}) ";
-		}
-
-		$q[] = "INSERT INTO `$table` SELECT * FROM tmp_backup;";
-		$q[] = "DROP TABLE tmp_backup;";
-		$q[] = "PRAGMA foreign_keys = 1 ";
-
-		foreach ( $q as $sq ) $this->adapter->exec( $sq );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the an array describing the indexes for type $type.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type to describe indexes of
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	protected function getIndexes( $type )
-	{
-		$table   = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$indexes = $this->adapter->get( "PRAGMA index_list('$table')" );
-
-		$indexInfoList = array();
-		foreach ( $indexes as $i ) {
-			$indexInfoList[$i['name']] = $this->adapter->getRow( "PRAGMA index_info('{$i['name']}') " );
-
-			$indexInfoList[$i['name']]['unique'] = $i['unique'];
-		}
-
-		return $indexInfoList;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Adds a foreign key to a type.
-	 * Note: cant put this in try-catch because that can hide the fact
-	 * that database has been damaged.
-	 *
-	 * @param  string  $type        type you want to modify table of
-	 * @param  string  $targetType  target type
-	 * @param  string  $field       field of the type that needs to get the fk
-	 * @param  string  $targetField field where the fk needs to point to
-	 * @param  integer $buildopt    0 = NO ACTION, 1 = ON DELETE CASCADE
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	protected function buildFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $constraint = FALSE )
-	{
-		$table           = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$targetTable     = $this->esc( $targetType, TRUE );
-		$column          = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
-		$targetColumn    = $this->esc( $targetProperty, TRUE );
-
-		$tables = $this->getTables();
-		if ( !in_array( $targetTable, $tables ) ) return FALSE;
-
-		if ( !is_null( $this->getForeignKeyForTypeProperty( $table, $column ) ) ) return FALSE;
-		$t = $this->getTable( $table );
-		$consSQL = ( $constraint ? 'CASCADE' : 'SET NULL' );
-		$label   = 'from_' . $column . '_to_table_' . $targetTable . '_col_' . $targetColumn;
-		$t['keys'][$label] = array(
-			'table'     => $targetTable,
-			'from'      => $column,
-			'to'        => $targetColumn,
-			'on_update' => $consSQL,
-			'on_delete' => $consSQL
-		);
-		$this->putTable( $t );
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see AQueryWriter::getKeyMapForType
-	 */
-	protected function getKeyMapForType( $type )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$keys  = $this->adapter->get( "PRAGMA foreign_key_list('$table')" );
-		$keyInfoList = array();
-		foreach ( $keys as $k ) {
-			$label = $this->makeFKLabel( $k['from'], $k['table'], $k['to'] );
-			$keyInfoList[$label] = array(
-				'name'          => $label,
-				'from'          => $k['from'],
-				'table'         => $k['table'],
-				'to'            => $k['to'],
-				'on_update'     => $k['on_update'],
-				'on_delete'     => $k['on_delete']
-			);
-		}
-		return $keyInfoList;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 * Most of the time, you do not need to use this constructor,
-	 * since the facade takes care of constructing and wiring the
-	 * RedBeanPHP core objects. However if you would like to
-	 * assemble an OODB instance yourself, this is how it works:
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
-	 * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
-	 * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
-	 * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
-	 * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
-	 * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
-	 * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
-	 * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
-	 * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
-	 * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
-	 *
-	 * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
-	 * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
-	 * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
-	 * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
-	 * object.
-	 *
-	 * @param Adapter $adapter Database Adapter
-	 */
-	public function __construct( Adapter $adapter )
-	{
-		$this->typeno_sqltype = array(
-			SQLiteT::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER => 'INTEGER',
-			SQLiteT::C_DATATYPE_NUMERIC => 'NUMERIC',
-			SQLiteT::C_DATATYPE_TEXT    => 'TEXT',
-		);
-
-		$this->sqltype_typeno = array();
-
-		foreach ( $this->typeno_sqltype as $k => $v ) {
-			$this->sqltype_typeno[$v] = $k;
-		}
-
-		$this->adapter = $adapter;
-		$this->adapter->setOption( 'setInitQuery', ' PRAGMA foreign_keys = 1 ' );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * This method returns the datatype to be used for primary key IDS and
-	 * foreign keys. Returns one if the data type constants.
-	 *
-	 * @return integer $const data type to be used for IDS.
-	 */
-	public function getTypeForID()
-	{
-		return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::scanType
-	 */
-	public function scanType( $value, $flagSpecial = FALSE )
-	{
-		$this->svalue = $value;
-
-		if ( $value === NULL ) return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
-		if ( $value === INF ) return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
-
-		if ( $this->startsWithZeros( $value ) ) return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
-
-		if ( $value === TRUE || $value === FALSE )  return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
-
-		if ( is_numeric( $value ) && ( intval( $value ) == $value ) && $value < 2147483648 && $value > -2147483648 ) return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
-
-		if ( ( is_numeric( $value ) && $value < 2147483648 && $value > -2147483648)
-			|| preg_match( '/\d{4}\-\d\d\-\d\d/', $value )
-			|| preg_match( '/\d{4}\-\d\d\-\d\d\s\d\d:\d\d:\d\d/', $value )
-		) {
-			return self::C_DATATYPE_NUMERIC;
-		}
-
-		return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addColumn
-	 */
-	public function addColumn( $table, $column, $type )
-	{
-		$column = $this->check( $column );
-		$table  = $this->check( $table );
-		$type   = $this->typeno_sqltype[$type];
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE `$table` ADD `$column` $type " );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::code
-	 */
-	public function code( $typedescription, $includeSpecials = FALSE )
-	{
-		$r = ( ( isset( $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] ) ) ? $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] : 99 );
-
-		return $r;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::widenColumn
-	 */
-	public function widenColumn( $type, $column, $datatype )
-	{
-		$t = $this->getTable( $type );
-
-		$t['columns'][$column] = $this->typeno_sqltype[$datatype];
-
-		$this->putTable( $t );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::getTables();
-	 */
-	public function getTables()
-	{
-		return $this->adapter->getCol( "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master
+        }
+
+        $q[] = "CREATE TABLE `$table` ( `id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT  $newTableDefStr  $fkDef );";
+
+        foreach ( $tableMap['indexes'] as $name => $index ) {
+            if ( strpos( $name, 'UQ_' ) === 0 ) {
+                $cols = explode( '__', substr( $name, strlen( 'UQ_' . $table ) ) );
+                foreach ( $cols as $k => $v ) $cols[$k] = "`$v`";
+                $q[] = "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX $name ON `$table` (" . implode( ',', $cols ) . ")";
+            } else $q[] = "CREATE INDEX $name ON `$table` ({$index['name']}) ";
+        }
+
+        $q[] = "INSERT INTO `$table` SELECT * FROM tmp_backup;";
+        $q[] = "DROP TABLE tmp_backup;";
+        $q[] = "PRAGMA foreign_keys = 1 ";
+
+        foreach ( $q as $sq ) $this->adapter->exec( $sq );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the an array describing the indexes for type $type.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type to describe indexes of
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    protected function getIndexes( $type )
+    {
+        $table   = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $indexes = $this->adapter->get( "PRAGMA index_list('$table')" );
+
+        $indexInfoList = array();
+        foreach ( $indexes as $i ) {
+            $indexInfoList[$i['name']] = $this->adapter->getRow( "PRAGMA index_info('{$i['name']}') " );
+
+            $indexInfoList[$i['name']]['unique'] = $i['unique'];
+        }
+
+        return $indexInfoList;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a foreign key to a type.
+     * Note: cant put this in try-catch because that can hide the fact
+     * that database has been damaged.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $type        type you want to modify table of
+     * @param  string  $targetType  target type
+     * @param  string  $field       field of the type that needs to get the fk
+     * @param  string  $targetField field where the fk needs to point to
+     * @param  integer $buildopt    0 = NO ACTION, 1 = ON DELETE CASCADE
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    protected function buildFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $constraint = FALSE )
+    {
+        $table           = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $targetTable     = $this->esc( $targetType, TRUE );
+        $column          = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
+        $targetColumn    = $this->esc( $targetProperty, TRUE );
+
+        $tables = $this->getTables();
+        if ( !in_array( $targetTable, $tables ) ) return FALSE;
+
+        if ( !is_null( $this->getForeignKeyForTypeProperty( $table, $column ) ) ) return FALSE;
+        $t = $this->getTable( $table );
+        $consSQL = ( $constraint ? 'CASCADE' : 'SET NULL' );
+        $label   = 'from_' . $column . '_to_table_' . $targetTable . '_col_' . $targetColumn;
+        $t['keys'][$label] = array(
+            'table'     => $targetTable,
+            'from'      => $column,
+            'to'        => $targetColumn,
+            'on_update' => $consSQL,
+            'on_delete' => $consSQL
+        );
+        $this->putTable( $t );
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see AQueryWriter::getKeyMapForType
+     */
+    protected function getKeyMapForType( $type )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $keys  = $this->adapter->get( "PRAGMA foreign_key_list('$table')" );
+        $keyInfoList = array();
+        foreach ( $keys as $k ) {
+            $label = $this->makeFKLabel( $k['from'], $k['table'], $k['to'] );
+            $keyInfoList[$label] = array(
+                'name'          => $label,
+                'from'          => $k['from'],
+                'table'         => $k['table'],
+                'to'            => $k['to'],
+                'on_update'     => $k['on_update'],
+                'on_delete'     => $k['on_delete']
+            );
+        }
+        return $keyInfoList;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     * Most of the time, you do not need to use this constructor,
+     * since the facade takes care of constructing and wiring the
+     * RedBeanPHP core objects. However if you would like to
+     * assemble an OODB instance yourself, this is how it works:
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
+     * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
+     * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
+     * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
+     * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
+     * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
+     * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
+     * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
+     * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
+     * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
+     * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
+     * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
+     *
+     * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
+     * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
+     * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
+     * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
+     * object.
+     *
+     * @param Adapter $adapter Database Adapter
+     */
+    public function __construct( Adapter $adapter )
+    {
+        $this->typeno_sqltype = array(
+            SQLiteT::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER => 'INTEGER',
+            SQLiteT::C_DATATYPE_NUMERIC => 'NUMERIC',
+            SQLiteT::C_DATATYPE_TEXT    => 'TEXT',
+        );
+
+        $this->sqltype_typeno = array();
+
+        foreach ( $this->typeno_sqltype as $k => $v ) {
+            $this->sqltype_typeno[$v] = $k;
+        }
+
+        $this->adapter = $adapter;
+        $this->adapter->setOption( 'setInitQuery', ' PRAGMA foreign_keys = 1 ' );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the datatype to be used for primary key IDS and
+     * foreign keys. Returns one if the data type constants.
+     *
+     * @return integer $const data type to be used for IDS.
+     */
+    public function getTypeForID()
+    {
+        return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::scanType
+     */
+    public function scanType( $value, $flagSpecial = FALSE )
+    {
+        $this->svalue = $value;
+
+        if ( $value === NULL ) return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
+        if ( $value === INF ) return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
+
+        if ( $this->startsWithZeros( $value ) ) return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
+
+        if ( $value === TRUE || $value === FALSE )  return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
+
+        if ( is_numeric( $value ) && ( intval( $value ) == $value ) && $value < 2147483648 && $value > -2147483648 ) return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
+
+        if ( ( is_numeric( $value ) && $value < 2147483648 && $value > -2147483648)
+            || preg_match( '/\d{4}\-\d\d\-\d\d/', $value )
+            || preg_match( '/\d{4}\-\d\d\-\d\d\s\d\d:\d\d:\d\d/', $value )
+        ) {
+            return self::C_DATATYPE_NUMERIC;
+        }
+
+        return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addColumn
+     */
+    public function addColumn( $table, $column, $type )
+    {
+        $column = $this->check( $column );
+        $table  = $this->check( $table );
+        $type   = $this->typeno_sqltype[$type];
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE `$table` ADD `$column` $type " );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::code
+     */
+    public function code( $typedescription, $includeSpecials = FALSE )
+    {
+        $r = ( ( isset( $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] ) ) ? $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] : 99 );
+
+        return $r;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::widenColumn
+     */
+    public function widenColumn( $type, $column, $datatype )
+    {
+        $t = $this->getTable( $type );
+
+        $t['columns'][$column] = $this->typeno_sqltype[$datatype];
+
+        $this->putTable( $t );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::getTables();
+     */
+    public function getTables()
+    {
+        return $this->adapter->getCol( "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master
 			WHERE type='table' AND name!='sqlite_sequence';" );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::createTable
-	 */
-	public function createTable( $table )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $table );
-
-		$sql   = "CREATE TABLE $table ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT ) ";
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( $sql );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::getColumns
-	 */
-	public function getColumns( $table )
-	{
-		$table      = $this->esc( $table, TRUE );
-
-		$columnsRaw = $this->adapter->get( "PRAGMA table_info('$table')" );
-
-		$columns    = array();
-		foreach ( $columnsRaw as $r ) $columns[$r['name']] = $r['type'];
-
-		return $columns;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueIndex
-	 */
-	public function addUniqueConstraint( $type, $properties )
-	{
-		$tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$name  = 'UQ_' . $this->esc( $type, TRUE ) . implode( '__', $properties );
-		$t     = $this->getTable( $type );
-		$t['indexes'][$name] = array( 'name' => $name );
-		try {
-			$this->putTable( $t );
-		} catch( SQLException $e ) {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::sqlStateIn
-	 */
-	public function sqlStateIn( $state, $list, $extraDriverDetails = array() )
-	{
-		$stateMap = array(
-			'23000' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION
-		);
-		if ( $state == 'HY000'
-		&& isset($extraDriverDetails[1])
-		&& $extraDriverDetails[1] == 1
-		&& ( in_array( QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE, $list )
-			|| in_array( QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN, $list )
-		)) {
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-		return in_array( ( isset( $stateMap[$state] ) ? $stateMap[$state] : '0' ), $list );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addIndex
-	 */
-	public function addIndex( $type, $name, $column )
-	{
-		$columns = $this->getColumns( $type );
-		if ( !isset( $columns[$column] ) ) return FALSE;
-
-		$table  = $this->esc( $type );
-		$name   = preg_replace( '/\W/', '', $name );
-		$column = $this->esc( $column, TRUE );
-
-		try {
-			$t = $this->getTable( $type );
-			$t['indexes'][$name] = array( 'name' => $column );
-			$this->putTable( $t );
-			return TRUE;
-		} catch( SQLException $exception ) {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::wipe
-	 */
-	public function wipe( $type )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $type );
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( "DELETE FROM $table " );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addFK
-	 */
-	public function addFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDep = FALSE )
-	{
-		return $this->buildFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDep );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::wipeAll
-	 */
-	public function wipeAll()
-	{
-		if (AQueryWriter::$noNuke) throw new \Exception('The nuke() command has been disabled using noNuke() or R::feature(novice/...).');
-		$this->adapter->exec( 'PRAGMA foreign_keys = 0 ' );
-
-		foreach ( $this->getTables() as $t ) {
-			try { $this->adapter->exec( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `$t`" ); } catch ( SQLException $e ) { ; }
-			try { $this->adapter->exec( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `$t`" ); } catch ( SQLException $e ) { ; }
-		}
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( 'PRAGMA foreign_keys = 1 ' );
-	}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::createTable
+     */
+    public function createTable( $table )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $table );
+
+        $sql   = "CREATE TABLE $table ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT ) ";
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( $sql );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::getColumns
+     */
+    public function getColumns( $table )
+    {
+        $table      = $this->esc( $table, TRUE );
+
+        $columnsRaw = $this->adapter->get( "PRAGMA table_info('$table')" );
+
+        $columns    = array();
+        foreach ( $columnsRaw as $r ) $columns[$r['name']] = $r['type'];
+
+        return $columns;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueIndex
+     */
+    public function addUniqueConstraint( $type, $properties )
+    {
+        $tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $name  = 'UQ_' . $this->esc( $type, TRUE ) . implode( '__', $properties );
+        $t     = $this->getTable( $type );
+        $t['indexes'][$name] = array( 'name' => $name );
+        try {
+            $this->putTable( $t );
+        } catch( SQLException $e ) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::sqlStateIn
+     */
+    public function sqlStateIn( $state, $list, $extraDriverDetails = array() )
+    {
+        $stateMap = array(
+            '23000' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION
+        );
+        if ( $state == 'HY000'
+        && isset($extraDriverDetails[1])
+        && $extraDriverDetails[1] == 1
+        && ( in_array( QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE, $list )
+            || in_array( QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN, $list )
+        )) {
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+        return in_array( ( isset( $stateMap[$state] ) ? $stateMap[$state] : '0' ), $list );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addIndex
+     */
+    public function addIndex( $type, $name, $column )
+    {
+        $columns = $this->getColumns( $type );
+        if ( !isset( $columns[$column] ) ) return FALSE;
+
+        $table  = $this->esc( $type );
+        $name   = preg_replace( '/\W/', '', $name );
+        $column = $this->esc( $column, TRUE );
+
+        try {
+            $t = $this->getTable( $type );
+            $t['indexes'][$name] = array( 'name' => $column );
+            $this->putTable( $t );
+            return TRUE;
+        } catch( SQLException $exception ) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::wipe
+     */
+    public function wipe( $type )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $type );
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( "DELETE FROM $table " );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addFK
+     */
+    public function addFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDep = FALSE )
+    {
+        return $this->buildFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDep );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::wipeAll
+     */
+    public function wipeAll()
+    {
+        if (AQueryWriter::$noNuke) throw new \Exception('The nuke() command has been disabled using noNuke() or R::feature(novice/...).');
+        $this->adapter->exec( 'PRAGMA foreign_keys = 0 ' );
+
+        foreach ( $this->getTables() as $t ) {
+            try { $this->adapter->exec( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `$t`" ); } catch ( SQLException $e ) { ; }
+            try { $this->adapter->exec( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `$t`" ); } catch ( SQLException $e ) { ; }
+        }
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( 'PRAGMA foreign_keys = 1 ' );
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -7449,59 +7449,59 @@ 
  */
 class PostgreSQL extends AQueryWriter implements QueryWriter
 {
-	/**
-	 * Data types
-	 */
-	const C_DATATYPE_INTEGER          = 0;
-	const C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           = 1;
-	const C_DATATYPE_TEXT             = 3;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     = 80;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME = 81;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIME     = 82; //TIME (no zone) only manual
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIMEZ    = 83; //TIME (plus zone) only manual
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT    = 90;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LSEG     = 91;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_CIRCLE   = 92;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY    = 93;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON  = 94;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY2   = 95; //Numbers only money, i.e. fixed point numeric
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON     = 96; //JSON support (only manual)
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED        = 99;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var DBAdapter
-	 */
-	protected $adapter;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $quoteCharacter = '"';
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $defaultValue = 'DEFAULT';
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the insert suffix SQL Snippet
-	 *
-	 * @param string $table table
-	 *
-	 * @return  string $sql SQL Snippet
-	 */
-	protected function getInsertSuffix( $table )
-	{
-		return 'RETURNING id ';
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see AQueryWriter::getKeyMapForType
-	 */
-	protected function getKeyMapForType( $type )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$keys = $this->adapter->get( '
+    /**
+     * Data types
+     */
+    const C_DATATYPE_INTEGER          = 0;
+    const C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           = 1;
+    const C_DATATYPE_TEXT             = 3;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     = 80;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME = 81;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIME     = 82; //TIME (no zone) only manual
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIMEZ    = 83; //TIME (plus zone) only manual
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT    = 90;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LSEG     = 91;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_CIRCLE   = 92;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY    = 93;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON  = 94;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY2   = 95; //Numbers only money, i.e. fixed point numeric
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON     = 96; //JSON support (only manual)
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED        = 99;
+
+    /**
+     * @var DBAdapter
+     */
+    protected $adapter;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $quoteCharacter = '"';
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $defaultValue = 'DEFAULT';
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the insert suffix SQL Snippet
+     *
+     * @param string $table table
+     *
+     * @return  string $sql SQL Snippet
+     */
+    protected function getInsertSuffix( $table )
+    {
+        return 'RETURNING id ';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see AQueryWriter::getKeyMapForType
+     */
+    protected function getKeyMapForType( $type )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $keys = $this->adapter->get( '
 			SELECT
 			information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_name AS "name",
 			information_schema.key_column_usage.column_name AS "from",
@@ -7509,339 +7509,339 @@ 
 			information_schema.constraint_column_usage.column_name AS "to",
 			information_schema.referential_constraints.update_rule AS "on_update",
 			information_schema.referential_constraints.delete_rule AS "on_delete"
-				FROM information_schema.key_column_usage
-			INNER JOIN information_schema.constraint_table_usage
-				ON (
-					information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_name = information_schema.constraint_table_usage.constraint_name
-					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_schema = information_schema.constraint_table_usage.constraint_schema
-					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_catalog = information_schema.constraint_table_usage.constraint_catalog
-				)
-			INNER JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage
-				ON (
-					information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_name = information_schema.constraint_column_usage.constraint_name
-					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_schema = information_schema.constraint_column_usage.constraint_schema
-					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_catalog = information_schema.constraint_column_usage.constraint_catalog
-				)
-			INNER JOIN information_schema.referential_constraints
-				ON (
-					information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_name = information_schema.referential_constraints.constraint_name
-					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_schema = information_schema.referential_constraints.constraint_schema
-					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_catalog = information_schema.referential_constraints.constraint_catalog
-				)
-			WHERE
-				information_schema.key_column_usage.table_catalog = current_database()
-				AND information_schema.key_column_usage.table_schema = ANY( current_schemas( FALSE ) )
-				AND information_schema.key_column_usage.table_name = ?
-		', array( $type ) );
-		$keyInfoList = array();
-		foreach ( $keys as $k ) {
-			$label = $this->makeFKLabel( $k['from'], $k['table'], $k['to'] );
-			$keyInfoList[$label] = array(
-				'name'          => $k['name'],
-				'from'          => $k['from'],
-				'table'         => $k['table'],
-				'to'            => $k['to'],
-				'on_update'     => $k['on_update'],
-				'on_delete'     => $k['on_delete']
-			);
-		}
-		return $keyInfoList;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 * Most of the time, you do not need to use this constructor,
-	 * since the facade takes care of constructing and wiring the
-	 * RedBeanPHP core objects. However if you would like to
-	 * assemble an OODB instance yourself, this is how it works:
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
-	 * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
-	 * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
-	 * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
-	 * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
-	 * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
-	 * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
-	 * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
-	 * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
-	 * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
-	 *
-	 * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
-	 * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
-	 * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
-	 * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
-	 * object.
-	 *
-	 * @param Adapter $adapter Database Adapter
-	 */
-	public function __construct( Adapter $adapter )
-	{
-		$this->typeno_sqltype = array(
-			self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER          => ' integer ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           => ' double precision ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT             => ' text ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     => ' date ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIME     => ' time ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIMEZ    => ' time with time zone ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME => ' timestamp without time zone ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT    => ' point ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LSEG     => ' lseg ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_CIRCLE   => ' circle ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY    => ' money ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY2   => ' numeric(10,2) ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON  => ' polygon ',
-			self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON     => ' json ',
-		);
-
-		$this->sqltype_typeno = array();
-
-		foreach ( $this->typeno_sqltype as $k => $v ) {
-			$this->sqltype_typeno[trim( strtolower( $v ) )] = $k;
-		}
-
-		$this->adapter = $adapter;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * This method returns the datatype to be used for primary key IDS and
-	 * foreign keys. Returns one if the data type constants.
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function getTypeForID()
-	{
-		return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::getTables
-	 */
-	public function getTables()
-	{
-		return $this->adapter->getCol( 'SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = ANY( current_schemas( FALSE ) )' );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::createTable
-	 */
-	public function createTable( $table )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $table );
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( " CREATE TABLE $table (id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY); " );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::getColumns
-	 */
-	public function getColumns( $table )
-	{
-		$table      = $this->esc( $table, TRUE );
-
-		$columnsRaw = $this->adapter->get( "SELECT column_name, data_type FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='$table' AND table_schema = ANY( current_schemas( FALSE ) )" );
-
-		$columns = array();
-		foreach ( $columnsRaw as $r ) {
-			$columns[$r['column_name']] = $r['data_type'];
-		}
-
-		return $columns;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::scanType
-	 */
-	public function scanType( $value, $flagSpecial = FALSE )
-	{
-		$this->svalue = $value;
-
-		if ( $value === INF ) return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
-
-		if ( $flagSpecial && $value ) {
-			if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d$/', $value ) ) {
-				return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE;
-			}
-
-			if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d\s\d\d:\d\d:\d\d(\.\d{1,6})?$/', $value ) ) {
-				return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME;
-			}
-
-			if ( preg_match( '/^\([\d\.]+,[\d\.]+\)$/', $value ) ) {
-				return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT;
-			}
-
-			if ( preg_match( '/^\[\([\d\.]+,[\d\.]+\),\([\d\.]+,[\d\.]+\)\]$/', $value ) ) {
-				return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LSEG;
-			}
-
-			if ( preg_match( '/^\<\([\d\.]+,[\d\.]+\),[\d\.]+\>$/', $value ) ) {
-				return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_CIRCLE;
-			}
-
-			if ( preg_match( '/^\((\([\d\.]+,[\d\.]+\),?)+\)$/', $value ) ) {
-				return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON;
-			}
-
-			if ( preg_match( '/^\-?(\$|€|¥|£)[\d,\.]+$/', $value ) ) {
-				return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY;
-			}
-
-			if ( preg_match( '/^-?\d+\.\d{2}$/', $value ) ) {
-				return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY2;
-			}
-			if ( self::$flagUseJSONColumns && $this->isJSON( $value ) ) {
-				return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if ( is_float( $value ) ) return self::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE;
-
-		if ( $this->startsWithZeros( $value ) ) return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
-
-		if ( $value === FALSE || $value === TRUE || $value === NULL || ( is_numeric( $value )
-				&& AQueryWriter::canBeTreatedAsInt( $value )
-				&& $value < 2147483648
-				&& $value > -2147483648 )
-		) {
-			return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
-		} elseif ( is_numeric( $value ) ) {
-			return self::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE;
-		} else {
-			return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::code
-	 */
-	public function code( $typedescription, $includeSpecials = FALSE )
-	{
-		$r = ( isset( $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] ) ) ? $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] : 99;
-
-		if ( $includeSpecials ) return $r;
-
-		if ( $r >= QueryWriter::C_DATATYPE_RANGE_SPECIAL ) {
-			return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED;
-		}
-
-		return $r;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::widenColumn
-	 */
-	public function widenColumn( $type, $column, $datatype )
-	{
-		$table   = $type;
-		$type    = $datatype;
-
-		$table   = $this->esc( $table );
-		$column  = $this->esc( $column );
-
-		$newtype = $this->typeno_sqltype[$type];
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE $table \n\t ALTER COLUMN $column TYPE $newtype " );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueIndex
-	 */
-	public function addUniqueConstraint( $type, $properties )
-	{
-		$tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$columns = array();
-		foreach( $properties as $key => $column ) $columns[$key] = $this->esc( $column );
-		$table = $this->esc( $type );
-		sort( $columns ); //else we get multiple indexes due to order-effects
-		$name = "UQ_" . sha1( $table . implode( ',', $columns ) );
-		$sql = "ALTER TABLE {$table}
+				FROM information_schema.key_column_usage
+			INNER JOIN information_schema.constraint_table_usage
+				ON (
+					information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_name = information_schema.constraint_table_usage.constraint_name
+					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_schema = information_schema.constraint_table_usage.constraint_schema
+					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_catalog = information_schema.constraint_table_usage.constraint_catalog
+				)
+			INNER JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage
+				ON (
+					information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_name = information_schema.constraint_column_usage.constraint_name
+					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_schema = information_schema.constraint_column_usage.constraint_schema
+					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_catalog = information_schema.constraint_column_usage.constraint_catalog
+				)
+			INNER JOIN information_schema.referential_constraints
+				ON (
+					information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_name = information_schema.referential_constraints.constraint_name
+					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_schema = information_schema.referential_constraints.constraint_schema
+					AND information_schema.key_column_usage.constraint_catalog = information_schema.referential_constraints.constraint_catalog
+				)
+			WHERE
+				information_schema.key_column_usage.table_catalog = current_database()
+				AND information_schema.key_column_usage.table_schema = ANY( current_schemas( FALSE ) )
+				AND information_schema.key_column_usage.table_name = ?
+		', array( $type ) );
+        $keyInfoList = array();
+        foreach ( $keys as $k ) {
+            $label = $this->makeFKLabel( $k['from'], $k['table'], $k['to'] );
+            $keyInfoList[$label] = array(
+                'name'          => $k['name'],
+                'from'          => $k['from'],
+                'table'         => $k['table'],
+                'to'            => $k['to'],
+                'on_update'     => $k['on_update'],
+                'on_delete'     => $k['on_delete']
+            );
+        }
+        return $keyInfoList;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     * Most of the time, you do not need to use this constructor,
+     * since the facade takes care of constructing and wiring the
+     * RedBeanPHP core objects. However if you would like to
+     * assemble an OODB instance yourself, this is how it works:
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
+     * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
+     * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
+     * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
+     * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
+     * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
+     * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
+     * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
+     * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
+     * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
+     * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
+     * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
+     *
+     * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
+     * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
+     * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
+     * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
+     * object.
+     *
+     * @param Adapter $adapter Database Adapter
+     */
+    public function __construct( Adapter $adapter )
+    {
+        $this->typeno_sqltype = array(
+            self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER          => ' integer ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           => ' double precision ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT             => ' text ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     => ' date ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIME     => ' time ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_TIMEZ    => ' time with time zone ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME => ' timestamp without time zone ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT    => ' point ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LSEG     => ' lseg ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_CIRCLE   => ' circle ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY    => ' money ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY2   => ' numeric(10,2) ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON  => ' polygon ',
+            self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON     => ' json ',
+        );
+
+        $this->sqltype_typeno = array();
+
+        foreach ( $this->typeno_sqltype as $k => $v ) {
+            $this->sqltype_typeno[trim( strtolower( $v ) )] = $k;
+        }
+
+        $this->adapter = $adapter;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the datatype to be used for primary key IDS and
+     * foreign keys. Returns one if the data type constants.
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function getTypeForID()
+    {
+        return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::getTables
+     */
+    public function getTables()
+    {
+        return $this->adapter->getCol( 'SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = ANY( current_schemas( FALSE ) )' );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::createTable
+     */
+    public function createTable( $table )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $table );
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( " CREATE TABLE $table (id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY); " );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::getColumns
+     */
+    public function getColumns( $table )
+    {
+        $table      = $this->esc( $table, TRUE );
+
+        $columnsRaw = $this->adapter->get( "SELECT column_name, data_type FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='$table' AND table_schema = ANY( current_schemas( FALSE ) )" );
+
+        $columns = array();
+        foreach ( $columnsRaw as $r ) {
+            $columns[$r['column_name']] = $r['data_type'];
+        }
+
+        return $columns;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::scanType
+     */
+    public function scanType( $value, $flagSpecial = FALSE )
+    {
+        $this->svalue = $value;
+
+        if ( $value === INF ) return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
+
+        if ( $flagSpecial && $value ) {
+            if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d$/', $value ) ) {
+                return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE;
+            }
+
+            if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d\s\d\d:\d\d:\d\d(\.\d{1,6})?$/', $value ) ) {
+                return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME;
+            }
+
+            if ( preg_match( '/^\([\d\.]+,[\d\.]+\)$/', $value ) ) {
+                return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POINT;
+            }
+
+            if ( preg_match( '/^\[\([\d\.]+,[\d\.]+\),\([\d\.]+,[\d\.]+\)\]$/', $value ) ) {
+                return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_LSEG;
+            }
+
+            if ( preg_match( '/^\<\([\d\.]+,[\d\.]+\),[\d\.]+\>$/', $value ) ) {
+                return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_CIRCLE;
+            }
+
+            if ( preg_match( '/^\((\([\d\.]+,[\d\.]+\),?)+\)$/', $value ) ) {
+                return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_POLYGON;
+            }
+
+            if ( preg_match( '/^\-?(\$|€|¥|£)[\d,\.]+$/', $value ) ) {
+                return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY;
+            }
+
+            if ( preg_match( '/^-?\d+\.\d{2}$/', $value ) ) {
+                return PostgreSQL::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_MONEY2;
+            }
+            if ( self::$flagUseJSONColumns && $this->isJSON( $value ) ) {
+                return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_JSON;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ( is_float( $value ) ) return self::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE;
+
+        if ( $this->startsWithZeros( $value ) ) return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
+
+        if ( $value === FALSE || $value === TRUE || $value === NULL || ( is_numeric( $value )
+                && AQueryWriter::canBeTreatedAsInt( $value )
+                && $value < 2147483648
+                && $value > -2147483648 )
+        ) {
+            return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
+        } elseif ( is_numeric( $value ) ) {
+            return self::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE;
+        } else {
+            return self::C_DATATYPE_TEXT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::code
+     */
+    public function code( $typedescription, $includeSpecials = FALSE )
+    {
+        $r = ( isset( $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] ) ) ? $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] : 99;
+
+        if ( $includeSpecials ) return $r;
+
+        if ( $r >= QueryWriter::C_DATATYPE_RANGE_SPECIAL ) {
+            return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED;
+        }
+
+        return $r;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::widenColumn
+     */
+    public function widenColumn( $type, $column, $datatype )
+    {
+        $table   = $type;
+        $type    = $datatype;
+
+        $table   = $this->esc( $table );
+        $column  = $this->esc( $column );
+
+        $newtype = $this->typeno_sqltype[$type];
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE $table \n\t ALTER COLUMN $column TYPE $newtype " );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueIndex
+     */
+    public function addUniqueConstraint( $type, $properties )
+    {
+        $tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $columns = array();
+        foreach( $properties as $key => $column ) $columns[$key] = $this->esc( $column );
+        $table = $this->esc( $type );
+        sort( $columns ); //else we get multiple indexes due to order-effects
+        $name = "UQ_" . sha1( $table . implode( ',', $columns ) );
+        $sql = "ALTER TABLE {$table}
                 ADD CONSTRAINT $name UNIQUE (" . implode( ',', $columns ) . ")";
-		try {
-			$this->adapter->exec( $sql );
-		} catch( SQLException $e ) {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::sqlStateIn
-	 */
-	public function sqlStateIn( $state, $list, $extraDriverDetails = array() )
-	{
-		$stateMap = array(
-			'42P01' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE,
-			'42703' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN,
-			'23505' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION,
-			'55P03' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_LOCK_TIMEOUT
-		);
-		return in_array( ( isset( $stateMap[$state] ) ? $stateMap[$state] : '0' ), $list );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addIndex
-	 */
-	public function addIndex( $type, $name, $property )
-	{
-		$table  = $this->esc( $type );
-		$name   = preg_replace( '/\W/', '', $name );
-		$column = $this->esc( $property );
-
-		try {
-			$this->adapter->exec( "CREATE INDEX {$name} ON $table ({$column}) " );
-			return TRUE;
-		} catch ( SQLException $e ) {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addFK
-	 */
-	public function addFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDep = FALSE )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $type );
-		$targetTable = $this->esc( $targetType );
-		$field = $this->esc( $property );
-		$targetField = $this->esc( $targetProperty );
-		$tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$fieldNoQ = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
-		if ( !is_null( $this->getForeignKeyForTypeProperty( $tableNoQ, $fieldNoQ ) ) ) return FALSE;
-		try{
-			$delRule = ( $isDep ? 'CASCADE' : 'SET NULL' );
-			$this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE {$table}
+        try {
+            $this->adapter->exec( $sql );
+        } catch( SQLException $e ) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::sqlStateIn
+     */
+    public function sqlStateIn( $state, $list, $extraDriverDetails = array() )
+    {
+        $stateMap = array(
+            '42P01' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE,
+            '42703' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN,
+            '23505' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION,
+            '55P03' => QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_LOCK_TIMEOUT
+        );
+        return in_array( ( isset( $stateMap[$state] ) ? $stateMap[$state] : '0' ), $list );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addIndex
+     */
+    public function addIndex( $type, $name, $property )
+    {
+        $table  = $this->esc( $type );
+        $name   = preg_replace( '/\W/', '', $name );
+        $column = $this->esc( $property );
+
+        try {
+            $this->adapter->exec( "CREATE INDEX {$name} ON $table ({$column}) " );
+            return TRUE;
+        } catch ( SQLException $e ) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addFK
+     */
+    public function addFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDep = FALSE )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $type );
+        $targetTable = $this->esc( $targetType );
+        $field = $this->esc( $property );
+        $targetField = $this->esc( $targetProperty );
+        $tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $fieldNoQ = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
+        if ( !is_null( $this->getForeignKeyForTypeProperty( $tableNoQ, $fieldNoQ ) ) ) return FALSE;
+        try{
+            $delRule = ( $isDep ? 'CASCADE' : 'SET NULL' );
+            $this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE {$table}
 				ADD FOREIGN KEY ( {$field} ) REFERENCES  {$targetTable}
 				({$targetField}) ON DELETE {$delRule} ON UPDATE {$delRule} DEFERRABLE ;" );
-			return TRUE;
-		} catch ( SQLException $e ) {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::wipeAll
-	 */
-	public function wipeAll()
-	{
-		if (AQueryWriter::$noNuke) throw new \Exception('The nuke() command has been disabled using noNuke() or R::feature(novice/...).');
-		$this->adapter->exec( 'SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED' );
-
-		foreach ( $this->getTables() as $t ) {
-			$t = $this->esc( $t );
-			//Some plugins (PostGIS have unremovable tables/views), avoid exceptions.
-			try { $this->adapter->exec( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $t CASCADE " ); }catch( \Exception $e ) {}
-		}
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( 'SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE' );
-	}
+            return TRUE;
+        } catch ( SQLException $e ) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::wipeAll
+     */
+    public function wipeAll()
+    {
+        if (AQueryWriter::$noNuke) throw new \Exception('The nuke() command has been disabled using noNuke() or R::feature(novice/...).');
+        $this->adapter->exec( 'SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED' );
+
+        foreach ( $this->getTables() as $t ) {
+            $t = $this->esc( $t );
+            //Some plugins (PostGIS have unremovable tables/views), avoid exceptions.
+            try { $this->adapter->exec( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $t CASCADE " ); }catch( \Exception $e ) {}
+        }
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( 'SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE' );
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -7868,361 +7868,361 @@ 
  */
 class CUBRID extends AQueryWriter implements QueryWriter
 {
-	/**
-	 * Data types
-	 */
-	const C_DATATYPE_INTEGER          = 0;
-	const C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           = 1;
-	const C_DATATYPE_STRING           = 2;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     = 80;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME = 81;
-	const C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED        = 99;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var DBAdapter
-	 */
-	protected $adapter;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $quoteCharacter = '`';
-
-	/**
-	 * This method adds a foreign key from type and field to
-	 * target type and target field.
-	 * The foreign key is created without an action. On delete/update
-	 * no action will be triggered. The FK is only used to allow database
-	 * tools to generate pretty diagrams and to make it easy to add actions
-	 * later on.
-	 * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
-	 *
-	 * @param  string  $type           type that will have a foreign key field
-	 * @param  string  $targetType     points to this type
-	 * @param  string  $property       field that contains the foreign key value
-	 * @param  string  $targetProperty field where the fk points to
-	 * @param  boolean $isDep          is dependent
-	 *
-	 * @return bool
-	 */
-	protected function buildFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDep = FALSE )
-	{
-		$table           = $this->esc( $type );
-		$tableNoQ        = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$targetTable     = $this->esc( $targetType );
-		$targetTableNoQ  = $this->esc( $targetType, TRUE );
-		$column          = $this->esc( $property );
-		$columnNoQ       = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
-		$targetColumn    = $this->esc( $targetProperty );
-		if ( !is_null( $this->getForeignKeyForTypeProperty( $tableNoQ, $columnNoQ ) ) ) return FALSE;
-		$needsToDropFK   = FALSE;
-		$casc = ( $isDep ? 'CASCADE' : 'SET NULL' );
-		$sql  = "ALTER TABLE $table ADD CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY($column) REFERENCES $targetTable($targetColumn) ON DELETE $casc ";
-		try {
-			$this->adapter->exec( $sql );
-		} catch( SQLException $e ) {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see AQueryWriter::getKeyMapForType
-	 */
-	protected function getKeyMapForType( $type  )
-	{
-		$sqlCode = $this->adapter->get("SHOW CREATE TABLE `{$type}`");
-		if (!isset($sqlCode[0])) return array();
-		$matches = array();
-		preg_match_all( '/CONSTRAINT\s+\[([\w_]+)\]\s+FOREIGN\s+KEY\s+\(\[([\w_]+)\]\)\s+REFERENCES\s+\[([\w_]+)\](\s+ON\s+DELETE\s+(CASCADE|SET\sNULL|RESTRICT|NO\sACTION)\s+ON\s+UPDATE\s+(SET\sNULL|RESTRICT|NO\sACTION))?/', $sqlCode[0]['CREATE TABLE'], $matches );
-		$list = array();
-		if (!isset($matches[0])) return $list;
-		$max = count($matches[0]);
-		for($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
-			$label = $this->makeFKLabel( $matches[2][$i], $matches[3][$i], 'id' );
-			$list[ $label ] = array(
-				'name' => $matches[1][$i],
-				'from' => $matches[2][$i],
-				'table' => $matches[3][$i],
-				'to' => 'id',
-				'on_update' => $matches[6][$i],
-				'on_delete' => $matches[5][$i]
-			);
-		}
-		return $list;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 * Most of the time, you do not need to use this constructor,
-	 * since the facade takes care of constructing and wiring the
-	 * RedBeanPHP core objects. However if you would like to
-	 * assemble an OODB instance yourself, this is how it works:
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
-	 * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
-	 * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
-	 * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
-	 * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
-	 * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
-	 * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
-	 * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
-	 * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
-	 * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
-	 *
-	 * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
-	 * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
-	 * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
-	 * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
-	 * object.
-	 *
-	 * @param Adapter $adapter Database Adapter
-	 */
-	public function __construct( Adapter $adapter )
-	{
-		$this->typeno_sqltype = array(
-			CUBRID::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER          => ' INTEGER ',
-			CUBRID::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           => ' DOUBLE ',
-			CUBRID::C_DATATYPE_STRING           => ' STRING ',
-			CUBRID::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     => ' DATE ',
-			CUBRID::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME => ' DATETIME ',
-		);
-
-		$this->sqltype_typeno = array();
-
-		foreach ( $this->typeno_sqltype as $k => $v ) {
-			$this->sqltype_typeno[trim( ( $v ) )] = $k;
-		}
-
-		$this->sqltype_typeno['STRING(1073741823)'] = self::C_DATATYPE_STRING;
-
-		$this->adapter = $adapter;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * This method returns the datatype to be used for primary key IDS and
-	 * foreign keys. Returns one if the data type constants.
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function getTypeForID()
-	{
-		return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::getTables
-	 */
-	public function getTables()
-	{
-		$rows = $this->adapter->getCol( "SELECT class_name FROM db_class WHERE is_system_class = 'NO';" );
-
-		return $rows;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::createTable
-	 */
-	public function createTable( $table )
-	{
-		$sql  = 'CREATE TABLE '
-			. $this->esc( $table )
-			. ' ("id" integer AUTO_INCREMENT, CONSTRAINT "pk_'
-			. $this->esc( $table, TRUE )
-			. '_id" PRIMARY KEY("id"))';
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( $sql );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::getColumns
-	 */
-	public function getColumns( $table )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $table );
-
-		$columnsRaw = $this->adapter->get( "SHOW COLUMNS FROM $table" );
-
-		$columns = array();
-		foreach ( $columnsRaw as $r ) {
-			$columns[$r['Field']] = $r['Type'];
-		}
-
-		return $columns;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::scanType
-	 */
-	public function scanType( $value, $flagSpecial = FALSE )
-	{
-		$this->svalue = $value;
-
-		if ( is_null( $value ) ) {
-			return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
-		}
-
-		if ( $flagSpecial ) {
-			if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d$/', $value ) ) {
-				return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE;
-			}
-			if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d\s\d\d:\d\d:\d\d$/', $value ) ) {
-				return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME;
-			}
-		}
-
-		$value = strval( $value );
-
-		if ( !$this->startsWithZeros( $value ) ) {
-			if ( is_numeric( $value ) && ( floor( $value ) == $value ) && $value >= -2147483647 && $value <= 2147483647 ) {
-				return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
-			}
-			if ( is_numeric( $value ) ) {
-				return self::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return self::C_DATATYPE_STRING;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::code
-	 */
-	public function code( $typedescription, $includeSpecials = FALSE )
-	{
-		$r = ( ( isset( $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] ) ) ? $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] : self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED );
-
-		if ( $includeSpecials ) {
-			return $r;
-		}
-
-		if ( $r >= QueryWriter::C_DATATYPE_RANGE_SPECIAL ) {
-			return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED;
-		}
-
-		return $r;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addColumn
-	 */
-	public function addColumn( $type, $column, $field )
-	{
-		$table  = $type;
-		$type   = $field;
-
-		$table  = $this->esc( $table );
-		$column = $this->esc( $column );
-
-		$type   = array_key_exists( $type, $this->typeno_sqltype ) ? $this->typeno_sqltype[$type] : '';
-
-		$this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE $table ADD COLUMN $column $type " );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueIndex
-	 */
-	public function addUniqueConstraint( $type, $properties )
-	{
-		$tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$columns = array();
-		foreach( $properties as $key => $column ) $columns[$key] = $this->esc( $column );
-		$table = $this->esc( $type );
-		sort( $columns ); // else we get multiple indexes due to order-effects
-		$name = 'UQ_' . sha1( implode( ',', $columns ) );
-		$sql = "ALTER TABLE $table ADD CONSTRAINT UNIQUE $name (" . implode( ',', $columns ) . ")";
-		try {
-			$this->adapter->exec( $sql );
-		} catch( SQLException $e ) {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::sqlStateIn
-	 */
-	public function sqlStateIn( $state, $list, $extraDriverDetails = array() )
-	{
-		return ( $state == 'HY000' ) ? ( count( array_diff( array(
-				QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION,
-				QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN,
-				QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE
-			), $list ) ) !== 3 ) : FALSE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addIndex
-	 */
-	public function addIndex( $type, $name, $column )
-	{
-		try {
-			$table  = $this->esc( $type );
-			$name   = preg_replace( '/\W/', '', $name );
-			$column = $this->esc( $column );
-			$this->adapter->exec( "CREATE INDEX $name ON $table ($column) " );
-			return TRUE;
-		} catch ( SQLException $e ) {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::addFK
-	 */
-	public function addFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDependent = FALSE )
-	{
-		return $this->buildFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDependent );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::wipeAll
-	 */
-	public function wipeAll()
-	{
-		if (AQueryWriter::$noNuke) throw new \Exception('The nuke() command has been disabled using noNuke() or R::feature(novice/...).');
-		foreach ( $this->getTables() as $t ) {
-			foreach ( $this->getKeyMapForType( $t ) as $k ) {
-				$this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE \"$t\" DROP FOREIGN KEY \"{$k['name']}\"" );
-			}
-		}
-		foreach ( $this->getTables() as $t ) {
-			$this->adapter->exec( "DROP TABLE \"$t\"" );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::esc
-	 */
-	public function esc( $dbStructure, $noQuotes = FALSE )
-	{
-		return parent::esc( strtolower( $dbStructure ), $noQuotes );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see QueryWriter::inferFetchType
-	 */
-	public function inferFetchType( $type, $property )
-	{
-		$table = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
-		$field = $this->esc( $property, TRUE ) . '_id';
-		$keys = $this->getKeyMapForType( $table );
-
-		foreach( $keys as $key ) {
-			if (
-				$key['from'] === $field
-			) return $key['table'];
-		}
-		return NULL;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Data types
+     */
+    const C_DATATYPE_INTEGER          = 0;
+    const C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           = 1;
+    const C_DATATYPE_STRING           = 2;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     = 80;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME = 81;
+    const C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED        = 99;
+
+    /**
+     * @var DBAdapter
+     */
+    protected $adapter;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $quoteCharacter = '`';
+
+    /**
+     * This method adds a foreign key from type and field to
+     * target type and target field.
+     * The foreign key is created without an action. On delete/update
+     * no action will be triggered. The FK is only used to allow database
+     * tools to generate pretty diagrams and to make it easy to add actions
+     * later on.
+     * This methods accepts a type and infers the corresponding table name.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $type           type that will have a foreign key field
+     * @param  string  $targetType     points to this type
+     * @param  string  $property       field that contains the foreign key value
+     * @param  string  $targetProperty field where the fk points to
+     * @param  boolean $isDep          is dependent
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    protected function buildFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDep = FALSE )
+    {
+        $table           = $this->esc( $type );
+        $tableNoQ        = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $targetTable     = $this->esc( $targetType );
+        $targetTableNoQ  = $this->esc( $targetType, TRUE );
+        $column          = $this->esc( $property );
+        $columnNoQ       = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
+        $targetColumn    = $this->esc( $targetProperty );
+        if ( !is_null( $this->getForeignKeyForTypeProperty( $tableNoQ, $columnNoQ ) ) ) return FALSE;
+        $needsToDropFK   = FALSE;
+        $casc = ( $isDep ? 'CASCADE' : 'SET NULL' );
+        $sql  = "ALTER TABLE $table ADD CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY($column) REFERENCES $targetTable($targetColumn) ON DELETE $casc ";
+        try {
+            $this->adapter->exec( $sql );
+        } catch( SQLException $e ) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see AQueryWriter::getKeyMapForType
+     */
+    protected function getKeyMapForType( $type  )
+    {
+        $sqlCode = $this->adapter->get("SHOW CREATE TABLE `{$type}`");
+        if (!isset($sqlCode[0])) return array();
+        $matches = array();
+        preg_match_all( '/CONSTRAINT\s+\[([\w_]+)\]\s+FOREIGN\s+KEY\s+\(\[([\w_]+)\]\)\s+REFERENCES\s+\[([\w_]+)\](\s+ON\s+DELETE\s+(CASCADE|SET\sNULL|RESTRICT|NO\sACTION)\s+ON\s+UPDATE\s+(SET\sNULL|RESTRICT|NO\sACTION))?/', $sqlCode[0]['CREATE TABLE'], $matches );
+        $list = array();
+        if (!isset($matches[0])) return $list;
+        $max = count($matches[0]);
+        for($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
+            $label = $this->makeFKLabel( $matches[2][$i], $matches[3][$i], 'id' );
+            $list[ $label ] = array(
+                'name' => $matches[1][$i],
+                'from' => $matches[2][$i],
+                'table' => $matches[3][$i],
+                'to' => 'id',
+                'on_update' => $matches[6][$i],
+                'on_delete' => $matches[5][$i]
+            );
+        }
+        return $list;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     * Most of the time, you do not need to use this constructor,
+     * since the facade takes care of constructing and wiring the
+     * RedBeanPHP core objects. However if you would like to
+     * assemble an OODB instance yourself, this is how it works:
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
+     * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
+     * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
+     * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
+     * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
+     * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
+     * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
+     * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
+     * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
+     * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
+     * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
+     * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
+     *
+     * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
+     * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
+     * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
+     * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
+     * object.
+     *
+     * @param Adapter $adapter Database Adapter
+     */
+    public function __construct( Adapter $adapter )
+    {
+        $this->typeno_sqltype = array(
+            CUBRID::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER          => ' INTEGER ',
+            CUBRID::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE           => ' DOUBLE ',
+            CUBRID::C_DATATYPE_STRING           => ' STRING ',
+            CUBRID::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE     => ' DATE ',
+            CUBRID::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME => ' DATETIME ',
+        );
+
+        $this->sqltype_typeno = array();
+
+        foreach ( $this->typeno_sqltype as $k => $v ) {
+            $this->sqltype_typeno[trim( ( $v ) )] = $k;
+        }
+
+        $this->sqltype_typeno['STRING(1073741823)'] = self::C_DATATYPE_STRING;
+
+        $this->adapter = $adapter;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the datatype to be used for primary key IDS and
+     * foreign keys. Returns one if the data type constants.
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function getTypeForID()
+    {
+        return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::getTables
+     */
+    public function getTables()
+    {
+        $rows = $this->adapter->getCol( "SELECT class_name FROM db_class WHERE is_system_class = 'NO';" );
+
+        return $rows;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::createTable
+     */
+    public function createTable( $table )
+    {
+        $sql  = 'CREATE TABLE '
+            . $this->esc( $table )
+            . ' ("id" integer AUTO_INCREMENT, CONSTRAINT "pk_'
+            . $this->esc( $table, TRUE )
+            . '_id" PRIMARY KEY("id"))';
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( $sql );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::getColumns
+     */
+    public function getColumns( $table )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $table );
+
+        $columnsRaw = $this->adapter->get( "SHOW COLUMNS FROM $table" );
+
+        $columns = array();
+        foreach ( $columnsRaw as $r ) {
+            $columns[$r['Field']] = $r['Type'];
+        }
+
+        return $columns;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::scanType
+     */
+    public function scanType( $value, $flagSpecial = FALSE )
+    {
+        $this->svalue = $value;
+
+        if ( is_null( $value ) ) {
+            return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
+        }
+
+        if ( $flagSpecial ) {
+            if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d$/', $value ) ) {
+                return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATE;
+            }
+            if ( preg_match( '/^\d{4}\-\d\d-\d\d\s\d\d:\d\d:\d\d$/', $value ) ) {
+                return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIAL_DATETIME;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $value = strval( $value );
+
+        if ( !$this->startsWithZeros( $value ) ) {
+            if ( is_numeric( $value ) && ( floor( $value ) == $value ) && $value >= -2147483647 && $value <= 2147483647 ) {
+                return self::C_DATATYPE_INTEGER;
+            }
+            if ( is_numeric( $value ) ) {
+                return self::C_DATATYPE_DOUBLE;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return self::C_DATATYPE_STRING;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::code
+     */
+    public function code( $typedescription, $includeSpecials = FALSE )
+    {
+        $r = ( ( isset( $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] ) ) ? $this->sqltype_typeno[$typedescription] : self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED );
+
+        if ( $includeSpecials ) {
+            return $r;
+        }
+
+        if ( $r >= QueryWriter::C_DATATYPE_RANGE_SPECIAL ) {
+            return self::C_DATATYPE_SPECIFIED;
+        }
+
+        return $r;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addColumn
+     */
+    public function addColumn( $type, $column, $field )
+    {
+        $table  = $type;
+        $type   = $field;
+
+        $table  = $this->esc( $table );
+        $column = $this->esc( $column );
+
+        $type   = array_key_exists( $type, $this->typeno_sqltype ) ? $this->typeno_sqltype[$type] : '';
+
+        $this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE $table ADD COLUMN $column $type " );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueIndex
+     */
+    public function addUniqueConstraint( $type, $properties )
+    {
+        $tableNoQ = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $columns = array();
+        foreach( $properties as $key => $column ) $columns[$key] = $this->esc( $column );
+        $table = $this->esc( $type );
+        sort( $columns ); // else we get multiple indexes due to order-effects
+        $name = 'UQ_' . sha1( implode( ',', $columns ) );
+        $sql = "ALTER TABLE $table ADD CONSTRAINT UNIQUE $name (" . implode( ',', $columns ) . ")";
+        try {
+            $this->adapter->exec( $sql );
+        } catch( SQLException $e ) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::sqlStateIn
+     */
+    public function sqlStateIn( $state, $list, $extraDriverDetails = array() )
+    {
+        return ( $state == 'HY000' ) ? ( count( array_diff( array(
+                QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION,
+                QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN,
+                QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE
+            ), $list ) ) !== 3 ) : FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addIndex
+     */
+    public function addIndex( $type, $name, $column )
+    {
+        try {
+            $table  = $this->esc( $type );
+            $name   = preg_replace( '/\W/', '', $name );
+            $column = $this->esc( $column );
+            $this->adapter->exec( "CREATE INDEX $name ON $table ($column) " );
+            return TRUE;
+        } catch ( SQLException $e ) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::addFK
+     */
+    public function addFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDependent = FALSE )
+    {
+        return $this->buildFK( $type, $targetType, $property, $targetProperty, $isDependent );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::wipeAll
+     */
+    public function wipeAll()
+    {
+        if (AQueryWriter::$noNuke) throw new \Exception('The nuke() command has been disabled using noNuke() or R::feature(novice/...).');
+        foreach ( $this->getTables() as $t ) {
+            foreach ( $this->getKeyMapForType( $t ) as $k ) {
+                $this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE \"$t\" DROP FOREIGN KEY \"{$k['name']}\"" );
+            }
+        }
+        foreach ( $this->getTables() as $t ) {
+            $this->adapter->exec( "DROP TABLE \"$t\"" );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::esc
+     */
+    public function esc( $dbStructure, $noQuotes = FALSE )
+    {
+        return parent::esc( strtolower( $dbStructure ), $noQuotes );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see QueryWriter::inferFetchType
+     */
+    public function inferFetchType( $type, $property )
+    {
+        $table = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+        $field = $this->esc( $property, TRUE ) . '_id';
+        $keys = $this->getKeyMapForType( $table );
+
+        foreach( $keys as $key ) {
+            if (
+                $key['from'] === $field
+            ) return $key['table'];
+        }
+        return NULL;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -8265,65 +8265,65 @@ 
  */
 class SQL extends RedException
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	private $sqlState;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	private $driverDetails = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getDriverDetails()
-	{
-		return $this->driverDetails;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @param array $driverDetails
-	 */
-	public function setDriverDetails($driverDetails)
-	{
-		$this->driverDetails = $driverDetails;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns an ANSI-92 compliant SQL state.
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function getSQLState()
-	{
-		return $this->sqlState;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the raw SQL STATE, possibly compliant with
-	 * ANSI SQL error codes - but this depends on database driver.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sqlState SQL state error code
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function setSQLState( $sqlState )
-	{
-		$this->sqlState = $sqlState;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * To String prints both code and SQL state.
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function __toString()
-	{
-		return '[' . $this->getSQLState() . '] - ' . $this->getMessage()."\n".
-				'trace: ' . $this->getTraceAsString();
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private $sqlState;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    private $driverDetails = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getDriverDetails()
+    {
+        return $this->driverDetails;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array $driverDetails
+     */
+    public function setDriverDetails($driverDetails)
+    {
+        $this->driverDetails = $driverDetails;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an ANSI-92 compliant SQL state.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getSQLState()
+    {
+        return $this->sqlState;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the raw SQL STATE, possibly compliant with
+     * ANSI SQL error codes - but this depends on database driver.
+     *
+     * @param string $sqlState SQL state error code
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setSQLState( $sqlState )
+    {
+        $this->sqlState = $sqlState;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * To String prints both code and SQL state.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function __toString()
+    {
+        return '[' . $this->getSQLState() . '] - ' . $this->getMessage()."\n".
+                'trace: ' . $this->getTraceAsString();
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -8358,659 +8358,659 @@ 
  */
 abstract class Repository
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $stash = NULL;
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $stash = NULL;
 
-	/*
+    /*
 	 * @var integer
 	 */
-	protected $nesting = 0;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var DBAdapter
-	 */
-	protected $writer;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected $partialBeans = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles 'partial bean mode'. If this mode has been
-	 * selected the repository will only update the fields of a bean that
-	 * have been changed rather than the entire bean.
-	 * Pass the value TRUE to select 'partial mode' for all beans.
-	 * Pass the value FALSE to disable 'partial mode'.
-	 * Pass an array of bean types if you wish to use partial mode only
-	 * for some types.
-	 * This method will return the previous value.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean|array $yesNoBeans List of type names or 'all'
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function usePartialBeans( $yesNoBeans )
-	{
-		$oldValue = $this->partialBeans;
-		$this->partialBeans = $yesNoBeans;
-		return $oldValue;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Fully processes a bean and updates the associated records in the database.
-	 * First the bean properties will be grouped as 'embedded' bean,
-	 * addition, deleted 'trash can' or residue. Next, the different groups
-	 * of beans will be processed accordingly and the reference bean (i.e.
-	 * the one that was passed to the method as an argument) will be stored.
-	 * Each type of list (own/shared) has 3 bean processors: 
-	 *
-	 * - trashCanProcessor : removes the bean or breaks its association with the current bean
-	 * - additionProcessor : associates the bean with the current one
-	 * - residueProcessor  : manages beans in lists that 'remain' but may need to be updated
-	 * 
-	 * This method first groups the beans and then calls the
-	 * internal processing methods.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean bean to process
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function storeBeanWithLists( OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		$sharedAdditions = $sharedTrashcan = $sharedresidue = $sharedItems = $ownAdditions = $ownTrashcan = $ownresidue = $embeddedBeans = array(); //Define groups
-		foreach ( $bean as $property => $value ) {
-			$value = ( $value instanceof SimpleModel ) ? $value->unbox() : $value;
-			if ( $value instanceof OODBBean ) {
-				$this->processEmbeddedBean( $embeddedBeans, $bean, $property, $value );
-				$bean->setMeta("sys.typeof.{$property}", $value->getMeta('type'));
-			} elseif ( is_array( $value ) ) {
-				foreach($value as &$item) {
-					$item = ( $item instanceof SimpleModel ) ? $item->unbox() : $item;
-				}
-				$originals = $bean->moveMeta( 'sys.shadow.' . $property, array() );
-				if ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 ) {
-					list( $ownAdditions, $ownTrashcan, $ownresidue ) = $this->processGroups( $originals, $value, $ownAdditions, $ownTrashcan, $ownresidue );
-					$listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
-					if ($bean->moveMeta( 'sys.exclusive-'.  $listName ) ) {
-						OODBBean::setMetaAll( $ownTrashcan, 'sys.garbage', TRUE );
-						OODBBean::setMetaAll( $ownAdditions, 'sys.buildcommand.fkdependson', $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) );
-					}
-					unset( $bean->$property );
-				} elseif ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 ) {
-					list( $sharedAdditions, $sharedTrashcan, $sharedresidue ) = $this->processGroups( $originals, $value, $sharedAdditions, $sharedTrashcan, $sharedresidue );
-					unset( $bean->$property );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		$this->storeBean( $bean );
-		$this->processTrashcan( $bean, $ownTrashcan );
-		$this->processAdditions( $bean, $ownAdditions );
-		$this->processResidue( $ownresidue );
-		$this->processSharedTrashcan( $bean, $sharedTrashcan );
-		$this->processSharedAdditions( $bean, $sharedAdditions );
-		$this->processSharedResidue( $bean, $sharedresidue );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Process groups. Internal function. Processes different kind of groups for
-	 * storage function. Given a list of original beans and a list of current beans,
-	 * this function calculates which beans remain in the list (residue), which
-	 * have been deleted (are in the trashcan) and which beans have been added
-	 * (additions).
-	 *
-	 * @param  array $originals originals
-	 * @param  array $current   the current beans
-	 * @param  array $additions beans that have been added
-	 * @param  array $trashcan  beans that have been deleted
-	 * @param  array $residue   beans that have been left untouched
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	protected function processGroups( $originals, $current, $additions, $trashcan, $residue )
-	{
-		return array(
-			array_merge( $additions, array_diff( $current, $originals ) ),
-			array_merge( $trashcan, array_diff( $originals, $current ) ),
-			array_merge( $residue, array_intersect( $current, $originals ) )
-		);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Processes a list of beans from a bean.
-	 * A bean may contain lists. This
-	 * method handles shared addition lists; i.e.
-	 * the $bean->sharedObject properties.
-	 * Shared beans will be associated with eachother using the
-	 * Association Manager.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean            the bean
-	 * @param array    $sharedAdditions list with shared additions
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function processSharedAdditions( $bean, $sharedAdditions )
-	{
-		foreach ( $sharedAdditions as $addition ) {
-			if ( $addition instanceof OODBBean ) {
-				$this->oodb->getAssociationManager()->associate( $addition, $bean );
-			} else {
-				throw new RedException( 'Array may only contain OODBBeans' );
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Processes a list of beans from a bean.
-	 * A bean may contain lists. This
-	 * method handles own lists; i.e.
-	 * the $bean->ownObject properties.
-	 * A residue is a bean in an own-list that stays
-	 * where it is. This method checks if there have been any
-	 * modification to this bean, in that case
-	 * the bean is stored once again, otherwise the bean will be left untouched.
-	 *
-	 * @param array    $ownresidue list to process
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function processResidue( $ownresidue )
-	{
-		foreach ( $ownresidue as $residue ) {
-			if ( $residue->getMeta( 'tainted' ) ) {
-				$this->store( $residue );
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Processes a list of beans from a bean. A bean may contain lists. This
-	 * method handles own lists; i.e. the $bean->ownObject properties.
-	 * A trash can bean is a bean in an own-list that has been removed
-	 * (when checked with the shadow). This method
-	 * checks if the bean is also in the dependency list. If it is the bean will be removed.
-	 * If not, the connection between the bean and the owner bean will be broken by
-	 * setting the ID to NULL.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean bean   to process
-	 * @param array    $ownTrashcan list to process
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function processTrashcan( $bean, $ownTrashcan )
-	{
-		foreach ( $ownTrashcan as $trash ) {
-
-			$myFieldLink = $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) . '_id';
-			$alias = $bean->getMeta( 'sys.alias.' . $trash->getMeta( 'type' ) );
-			if ( $alias ) $myFieldLink = $alias . '_id';
-
-			if ( $trash->getMeta( 'sys.garbage' ) === TRUE ) {
-				$this->trash( $trash );
-			} else {
-				$trash->$myFieldLink = NULL;
-				$this->store( $trash );
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Unassociates the list items in the trashcan.
-	 * This bean processor processes the beans in the shared trash can.
-	 * This group of beans has been deleted from a shared list.
-	 * The affected beans will no longer be associated with the bean
-	 * that contains the shared list.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean           bean to process
-	 * @param array    $sharedTrashcan list to process
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function processSharedTrashcan( $bean, $sharedTrashcan )
-	{
-		foreach ( $sharedTrashcan as $trash ) {
-			$this->oodb->getAssociationManager()->unassociate( $trash, $bean );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Stores all the beans in the residue group.
-	 * This bean processor processes the beans in the shared residue
-	 * group. This group of beans 'remains' in the list but might need
-	 * to be updated or synced. The affected beans will be stored
-	 * to perform the required database queries.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean          bean to process
-	 * @param array    $sharedresidue list to process
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function processSharedResidue( $bean, $sharedresidue )
-	{
-		foreach ( $sharedresidue as $residue ) {
-			$this->store( $residue );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Determines whether the bean has 'loaded lists' or
-	 * 'loaded embedded beans' that need to be processed
-	 * by the store() method.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean bean to be examined
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	protected function hasListsOrObjects( OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		$processLists = FALSE;
-		foreach ( $bean as $value ) {
-			if ( is_array( $value ) || is_object( $value ) ) {
-				$processLists = TRUE;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return $processLists;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Converts an embedded bean to an ID, removes the bean property and
-	 * stores the bean in the embedded beans array. The id will be
-	 * assigned to the link field property, i.e. 'bean_id'.
-	 *
-	 * @param array    $embeddedBeans destination array for embedded bean
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean          target bean to process
-	 * @param string   $property      property that contains the embedded bean
-	 * @param OODBBean $value         embedded bean itself
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function processEmbeddedBean( &$embeddedBeans, $bean, $property, OODBBean $value )
-	{
-		$linkField = $property . '_id';
-		if ( !$value->id || $value->getMeta( 'tainted' ) ) {
-			$this->store( $value );
-		}
-		$id = $value->id;
-		if ($bean->$linkField != $id) $bean->$linkField = $id;
-		$bean->setMeta( 'cast.' . $linkField, 'id' );
-		$embeddedBeans[$linkField] = $value;
-		unset( $bean->$property );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor, requires a query writer and OODB.
-	 * Creates a new instance of the bean respository class.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODB        $oodb   instance of object database
-	 * @param QueryWriter $writer the Query Writer to use for this repository
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function __construct( OODB $oodb, QueryWriter $writer )
-	{
-		$this->writer = $writer;
-		$this->oodb = $oodb;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks whether a OODBBean bean is valid.
-	 * If the type is not valid or the ID is not valid it will
-	 * throw an exception: Security. To be valid a bean
-	 * must abide to the following rules:
-	 *
-	 * - It must have an primary key id property named: id
-	 * - It must have a type
-	 * - The type must conform to the RedBeanPHP naming policy
-	 * - All properties must be valid
-	 * - All values must be valid
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean the bean that needs to be checked
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function check( OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		//Is all meta information present?
-		if ( !isset( $bean->id ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Bean has incomplete Meta Information id ' );
-		}
-		if ( !( $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Bean has incomplete Meta Information II' );
-		}
-		//Pattern of allowed characters
-		$pattern = '/[^a-z0-9_]/i';
-		//Does the type contain invalid characters?
-		if ( preg_match( $pattern, $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Bean Type is invalid' );
-		}
-		//Are the properties and values valid?
-		foreach ( $bean as $prop => $value ) {
-			if (
-				is_array( $value )
-				|| ( is_object( $value ) )
-			) {
-				throw new RedException( "Invalid Bean value: property $prop" );
-			} else if (
-				strlen( $prop ) < 1
-				|| preg_match( $pattern, $prop )
-			) {
-				throw new RedException( "Invalid Bean property: property $prop" );
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Searches the database for a bean that matches conditions $conditions and sql $addSQL
-	 * and returns an array containing all the beans that have been found.
-	 *
-	 * Conditions need to take form:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array(
-	 *    'PROPERTY' => array( POSSIBLE VALUES... 'John', 'Steve' )
-	 *    'PROPERTY' => array( POSSIBLE VALUES... )
-	 * );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * All conditions are glued together using the AND-operator, while all value lists
-	 * are glued using IN-operators thus acting as OR-conditions.
-	 *
-	 * Note that you can use property names; the columns will be extracted using the
-	 * appropriate bean formatter.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type       type of beans you are looking for
-	 * @param array  $conditions list of conditions
-	 * @param string $sql        SQL to be used in query
-	 * @param array  $bindings   whether you prefer to use a WHERE clause or not (TRUE = not)
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function find( $type, $conditions = array(), $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		//for backward compatibility, allow mismatch arguments:
-		if ( is_array( $sql ) ) {
-			if ( isset( $sql[1] ) ) {
-				$bindings = $sql[1];
-			}
-			$sql = $sql[0];
-		}
-		try {
-			$beans = $this->convertToBeans( $type, $this->writer->queryRecord( $type, $conditions, $sql, $bindings ) );
-
-			return $beans;
-		} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-			$this->handleException( $exception );
-		}
-
-		return array();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Finds a BeanCollection.
-	 * Given a type, an SQL snippet and optionally some parameter bindings
-	 * this methods returns a BeanCollection for your query.
-	 *
-	 * The BeanCollection represents a collection of beans and
-	 * makes it possible to use database cursors. The BeanCollection
-	 * has a method next() to obtain the first, next and last bean
-	 * in the collection. The BeanCollection does not implement the array
-	 * interface nor does it try to act like an array because it cannot go
-	 * backward or rewind itself.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     type of beans you are looking for
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL to be used in query
-	 * @param array  $bindings whether you prefer to use a WHERE clause or not (TRUE = not)
-	 *
-	 * @return BeanCollection
-	 */
-	public function findCollection( $type, $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		try {
-			$cursor = $this->writer->queryRecordWithCursor( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-			return new BeanCollection( $type, $this, $cursor );
-		} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-			$this->handleException( $exception );
-		}
-		return new BeanCollection( $type, $this, new NullCursor );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Stores a bean in the database. This method takes a
-	 * OODBBean Bean Object $bean and stores it
-	 * in the database. If the database schema is not compatible
-	 * with this bean and RedBean runs in fluid mode the schema
-	 * will be altered to store the bean correctly.
-	 * If the database schema is not compatible with this bean and
-	 * RedBean runs in frozen mode it will throw an exception.
-	 * This function returns the primary key ID of the inserted
-	 * bean.
-	 *
-	 * The return value is an integer if possible. If it is not possible to
-	 * represent the value as an integer a string will be returned. We use
-	 * explicit casts instead of functions to preserve performance
-	 * (0.13 vs 0.28 for 10000 iterations on Core i3).
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|SimpleModel $bean bean to store
-	 *
-	 * @return integer|string
-	 */
-	public function store( $bean )
-	{
-		$processLists = $this->hasListsOrObjects( $bean );
-		if ( !$processLists && !$bean->getMeta( 'tainted' ) ) {
-			return $bean->getID(); //bail out!
-		}
-		$this->oodb->signal( 'update', $bean );
-		$processLists = $this->hasListsOrObjects( $bean ); //check again, might have changed by model!
-		if ( $processLists ) {
-			$this->storeBeanWithLists( $bean );
-		} else {
-			$this->storeBean( $bean );
-		}
-		$this->oodb->signal( 'after_update', $bean );
-
-		return ( (string) $bean->id === (string) (int) $bean->id ) ? (int) $bean->id : (string) $bean->id;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns an array of beans. Pass a type and a series of ids and
-	 * this method will bring you the corresponding beans.
-	 *
-	 * important note: Because this method loads beans using the load()
-	 * function (but faster) it will return empty beans with ID 0 for
-	 * every bean that could not be located. The resulting beans will have the
-	 * passed IDs as their keys.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of beans
-	 * @param array  $ids  ids to load
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function batch( $type, $ids )
-	{
-		if ( !$ids ) {
-			return array();
-		}
-		$collection = array();
-		try {
-			$rows = $this->writer->queryRecord( $type, array( 'id' => $ids ) );
-		} catch ( SQLException $e ) {
-			$this->handleException( $e );
-			$rows = FALSE;
-		}
-		$this->stash[$this->nesting] = array();
-		if ( !$rows ) {
-			return array();
-		}
-		foreach ( $rows as $row ) {
-			$this->stash[$this->nesting][$row['id']] = $row;
-		}
-		foreach ( $ids as $id ) {
-			$collection[$id] = $this->load( $type, $id );
-		}
-		$this->stash[$this->nesting] = NULL;
-
-		return $collection;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * This is a convenience method; it converts database rows
-	 * (arrays) into beans. Given a type and a set of rows this method
-	 * will return an array of beans of the specified type loaded with
-	 * the data fields provided by the result set from the database.
-	 *
-	 * New in 4.3.2: meta mask. The meta mask is a special mask to send
-	 * data from raw result rows to the meta store of the bean. This is
-	 * useful for bundling additional information with custom queries.
-	 * Values of every column whos name starts with $mask will be
-	 * transferred to the meta section of the bean under key 'data.bundle'.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of beans you would like to have
-	 * @param array  $rows rows from the database result
-	 * @param string $mask meta mask to apply (optional)
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function convertToBeans( $type, $rows, $mask = NULL )
-	{
-		$masklen = 0;
-		if ( $mask !== NULL ) $masklen = mb_strlen( $mask );
-
-		$collection                  = array();
-		$this->stash[$this->nesting] = array();
-		foreach ( $rows as $row ) {
-			$meta = array();
-			if ( !is_null( $mask ) ) {
-				foreach( $row as $key => $value ) {
-					if ( strpos( $key, $mask ) === 0 ) {
-						unset( $row[$key] );
-						$meta[$key] = $value;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			$id                               = $row['id'];
-			$this->stash[$this->nesting][$id] = $row;
-			$collection[$id]                  = $this->load( $type, $id );
-
-			if ( $mask !== NULL ) {
-				$collection[$id]->setMeta( 'data.bundle', $meta );
-			}
-		}
-		$this->stash[$this->nesting] = NULL;
-
-		return $collection;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Counts the number of beans of type $type.
-	 * This method accepts a second argument to modify the count-query.
-	 * A third argument can be used to provide bindings for the SQL snippet.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     type of bean we are looking for
-	 * @param string $addSQL   additional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array  $bindings parameters to bind to SQL
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function count( $type, $addSQL = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$type = AQueryWriter::camelsSnake( $type );
-		if ( count( explode( '_', $type ) ) > 2 ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Invalid type for count.' );
-		}
-
-		try {
-			return (int) $this->writer->queryRecordCount( $type, array(), $addSQL, $bindings );
-		} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-			if ( !$this->writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(), array(
-				 QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE,
-				 QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN ),
-				 $exception->getDriverDetails() ) ) {
-				throw $exception;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Removes a bean from the database.
-	 * This function will remove the specified OODBBean
-	 * Bean Object from the database.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|SimpleModel $bean bean you want to remove from database
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function trash( $bean )
-	{
-		$this->oodb->signal( 'delete', $bean );
-		foreach ( $bean as $property => $value ) {
-			if ( $value instanceof OODBBean ) {
-				unset( $bean->$property );
-			}
-			if ( is_array( $value ) ) {
-				if ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 ) {
-					unset( $bean->$property );
-				} elseif ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 ) {
-					unset( $bean->$property );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		try {
-			$this->writer->deleteRecord( $bean->getMeta( 'type' ), array( 'id' => array( $bean->id ) ), NULL );
-		} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-			$this->handleException( $exception );
-		}
-		$bean->id = 0;
-		$this->oodb->signal( 'after_delete', $bean );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks whether the specified table already exists in the database.
-	 * Not part of the Object Database interface!
-	 *
-	 * @deprecated Use AQueryWriter::typeExists() instead.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $table table name
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function tableExists( $table )
-	{
-		return $this->writer->tableExists( $table );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Trash all beans of a given type.
-	 * Wipes an entire type of bean. After this operation there
-	 * will be no beans left of the specified type.
-	 * This method will ignore exceptions caused by database
-	 * tables that do not exist.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of bean you wish to delete all instances of
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function wipe( $type )
-	{
-		try {
-			$this->writer->wipe( $type );
-
-			return TRUE;
-		} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-			if ( !$this->writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(), array( QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE ), $exception->getDriverDetails() ) ) {
-				throw $exception;
-			}
-
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-	}
+    protected $nesting = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @var DBAdapter
+     */
+    protected $writer;
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected $partialBeans = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles 'partial bean mode'. If this mode has been
+     * selected the repository will only update the fields of a bean that
+     * have been changed rather than the entire bean.
+     * Pass the value TRUE to select 'partial mode' for all beans.
+     * Pass the value FALSE to disable 'partial mode'.
+     * Pass an array of bean types if you wish to use partial mode only
+     * for some types.
+     * This method will return the previous value.
+     *
+     * @param boolean|array $yesNoBeans List of type names or 'all'
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function usePartialBeans( $yesNoBeans )
+    {
+        $oldValue = $this->partialBeans;
+        $this->partialBeans = $yesNoBeans;
+        return $oldValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fully processes a bean and updates the associated records in the database.
+     * First the bean properties will be grouped as 'embedded' bean,
+     * addition, deleted 'trash can' or residue. Next, the different groups
+     * of beans will be processed accordingly and the reference bean (i.e.
+     * the one that was passed to the method as an argument) will be stored.
+     * Each type of list (own/shared) has 3 bean processors: 
+     *
+     * - trashCanProcessor : removes the bean or breaks its association with the current bean
+     * - additionProcessor : associates the bean with the current one
+     * - residueProcessor  : manages beans in lists that 'remain' but may need to be updated
+     * 
+     * This method first groups the beans and then calls the
+     * internal processing methods.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean bean to process
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function storeBeanWithLists( OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        $sharedAdditions = $sharedTrashcan = $sharedresidue = $sharedItems = $ownAdditions = $ownTrashcan = $ownresidue = $embeddedBeans = array(); //Define groups
+        foreach ( $bean as $property => $value ) {
+            $value = ( $value instanceof SimpleModel ) ? $value->unbox() : $value;
+            if ( $value instanceof OODBBean ) {
+                $this->processEmbeddedBean( $embeddedBeans, $bean, $property, $value );
+                $bean->setMeta("sys.typeof.{$property}", $value->getMeta('type'));
+            } elseif ( is_array( $value ) ) {
+                foreach($value as &$item) {
+                    $item = ( $item instanceof SimpleModel ) ? $item->unbox() : $item;
+                }
+                $originals = $bean->moveMeta( 'sys.shadow.' . $property, array() );
+                if ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 ) {
+                    list( $ownAdditions, $ownTrashcan, $ownresidue ) = $this->processGroups( $originals, $value, $ownAdditions, $ownTrashcan, $ownresidue );
+                    $listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
+                    if ($bean->moveMeta( 'sys.exclusive-'.  $listName ) ) {
+                        OODBBean::setMetaAll( $ownTrashcan, 'sys.garbage', TRUE );
+                        OODBBean::setMetaAll( $ownAdditions, 'sys.buildcommand.fkdependson', $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) );
+                    }
+                    unset( $bean->$property );
+                } elseif ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 ) {
+                    list( $sharedAdditions, $sharedTrashcan, $sharedresidue ) = $this->processGroups( $originals, $value, $sharedAdditions, $sharedTrashcan, $sharedresidue );
+                    unset( $bean->$property );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        $this->storeBean( $bean );
+        $this->processTrashcan( $bean, $ownTrashcan );
+        $this->processAdditions( $bean, $ownAdditions );
+        $this->processResidue( $ownresidue );
+        $this->processSharedTrashcan( $bean, $sharedTrashcan );
+        $this->processSharedAdditions( $bean, $sharedAdditions );
+        $this->processSharedResidue( $bean, $sharedresidue );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process groups. Internal function. Processes different kind of groups for
+     * storage function. Given a list of original beans and a list of current beans,
+     * this function calculates which beans remain in the list (residue), which
+     * have been deleted (are in the trashcan) and which beans have been added
+     * (additions).
+     *
+     * @param  array $originals originals
+     * @param  array $current   the current beans
+     * @param  array $additions beans that have been added
+     * @param  array $trashcan  beans that have been deleted
+     * @param  array $residue   beans that have been left untouched
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    protected function processGroups( $originals, $current, $additions, $trashcan, $residue )
+    {
+        return array(
+            array_merge( $additions, array_diff( $current, $originals ) ),
+            array_merge( $trashcan, array_diff( $originals, $current ) ),
+            array_merge( $residue, array_intersect( $current, $originals ) )
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Processes a list of beans from a bean.
+     * A bean may contain lists. This
+     * method handles shared addition lists; i.e.
+     * the $bean->sharedObject properties.
+     * Shared beans will be associated with eachother using the
+     * Association Manager.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean            the bean
+     * @param array    $sharedAdditions list with shared additions
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function processSharedAdditions( $bean, $sharedAdditions )
+    {
+        foreach ( $sharedAdditions as $addition ) {
+            if ( $addition instanceof OODBBean ) {
+                $this->oodb->getAssociationManager()->associate( $addition, $bean );
+            } else {
+                throw new RedException( 'Array may only contain OODBBeans' );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Processes a list of beans from a bean.
+     * A bean may contain lists. This
+     * method handles own lists; i.e.
+     * the $bean->ownObject properties.
+     * A residue is a bean in an own-list that stays
+     * where it is. This method checks if there have been any
+     * modification to this bean, in that case
+     * the bean is stored once again, otherwise the bean will be left untouched.
+     *
+     * @param array    $ownresidue list to process
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function processResidue( $ownresidue )
+    {
+        foreach ( $ownresidue as $residue ) {
+            if ( $residue->getMeta( 'tainted' ) ) {
+                $this->store( $residue );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Processes a list of beans from a bean. A bean may contain lists. This
+     * method handles own lists; i.e. the $bean->ownObject properties.
+     * A trash can bean is a bean in an own-list that has been removed
+     * (when checked with the shadow). This method
+     * checks if the bean is also in the dependency list. If it is the bean will be removed.
+     * If not, the connection between the bean and the owner bean will be broken by
+     * setting the ID to NULL.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean bean   to process
+     * @param array    $ownTrashcan list to process
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function processTrashcan( $bean, $ownTrashcan )
+    {
+        foreach ( $ownTrashcan as $trash ) {
+
+            $myFieldLink = $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) . '_id';
+            $alias = $bean->getMeta( 'sys.alias.' . $trash->getMeta( 'type' ) );
+            if ( $alias ) $myFieldLink = $alias . '_id';
+
+            if ( $trash->getMeta( 'sys.garbage' ) === TRUE ) {
+                $this->trash( $trash );
+            } else {
+                $trash->$myFieldLink = NULL;
+                $this->store( $trash );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unassociates the list items in the trashcan.
+     * This bean processor processes the beans in the shared trash can.
+     * This group of beans has been deleted from a shared list.
+     * The affected beans will no longer be associated with the bean
+     * that contains the shared list.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean           bean to process
+     * @param array    $sharedTrashcan list to process
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function processSharedTrashcan( $bean, $sharedTrashcan )
+    {
+        foreach ( $sharedTrashcan as $trash ) {
+            $this->oodb->getAssociationManager()->unassociate( $trash, $bean );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores all the beans in the residue group.
+     * This bean processor processes the beans in the shared residue
+     * group. This group of beans 'remains' in the list but might need
+     * to be updated or synced. The affected beans will be stored
+     * to perform the required database queries.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean          bean to process
+     * @param array    $sharedresidue list to process
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function processSharedResidue( $bean, $sharedresidue )
+    {
+        foreach ( $sharedresidue as $residue ) {
+            $this->store( $residue );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the bean has 'loaded lists' or
+     * 'loaded embedded beans' that need to be processed
+     * by the store() method.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean bean to be examined
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    protected function hasListsOrObjects( OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        $processLists = FALSE;
+        foreach ( $bean as $value ) {
+            if ( is_array( $value ) || is_object( $value ) ) {
+                $processLists = TRUE;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $processLists;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts an embedded bean to an ID, removes the bean property and
+     * stores the bean in the embedded beans array. The id will be
+     * assigned to the link field property, i.e. 'bean_id'.
+     *
+     * @param array    $embeddedBeans destination array for embedded bean
+     * @param OODBBean $bean          target bean to process
+     * @param string   $property      property that contains the embedded bean
+     * @param OODBBean $value         embedded bean itself
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function processEmbeddedBean( &$embeddedBeans, $bean, $property, OODBBean $value )
+    {
+        $linkField = $property . '_id';
+        if ( !$value->id || $value->getMeta( 'tainted' ) ) {
+            $this->store( $value );
+        }
+        $id = $value->id;
+        if ($bean->$linkField != $id) $bean->$linkField = $id;
+        $bean->setMeta( 'cast.' . $linkField, 'id' );
+        $embeddedBeans[$linkField] = $value;
+        unset( $bean->$property );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor, requires a query writer and OODB.
+     * Creates a new instance of the bean respository class.
+     *
+     * @param OODB        $oodb   instance of object database
+     * @param QueryWriter $writer the Query Writer to use for this repository
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct( OODB $oodb, QueryWriter $writer )
+    {
+        $this->writer = $writer;
+        $this->oodb = $oodb;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether a OODBBean bean is valid.
+     * If the type is not valid or the ID is not valid it will
+     * throw an exception: Security. To be valid a bean
+     * must abide to the following rules:
+     *
+     * - It must have an primary key id property named: id
+     * - It must have a type
+     * - The type must conform to the RedBeanPHP naming policy
+     * - All properties must be valid
+     * - All values must be valid
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean the bean that needs to be checked
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function check( OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        //Is all meta information present?
+        if ( !isset( $bean->id ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Bean has incomplete Meta Information id ' );
+        }
+        if ( !( $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Bean has incomplete Meta Information II' );
+        }
+        //Pattern of allowed characters
+        $pattern = '/[^a-z0-9_]/i';
+        //Does the type contain invalid characters?
+        if ( preg_match( $pattern, $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Bean Type is invalid' );
+        }
+        //Are the properties and values valid?
+        foreach ( $bean as $prop => $value ) {
+            if (
+                is_array( $value )
+                || ( is_object( $value ) )
+            ) {
+                throw new RedException( "Invalid Bean value: property $prop" );
+            } else if (
+                strlen( $prop ) < 1
+                || preg_match( $pattern, $prop )
+            ) {
+                throw new RedException( "Invalid Bean property: property $prop" );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Searches the database for a bean that matches conditions $conditions and sql $addSQL
+     * and returns an array containing all the beans that have been found.
+     *
+     * Conditions need to take form:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array(
+     *    'PROPERTY' => array( POSSIBLE VALUES... 'John', 'Steve' )
+     *    'PROPERTY' => array( POSSIBLE VALUES... )
+     * );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * All conditions are glued together using the AND-operator, while all value lists
+     * are glued using IN-operators thus acting as OR-conditions.
+     *
+     * Note that you can use property names; the columns will be extracted using the
+     * appropriate bean formatter.
+     *
+     * @param string $type       type of beans you are looking for
+     * @param array  $conditions list of conditions
+     * @param string $sql        SQL to be used in query
+     * @param array  $bindings   whether you prefer to use a WHERE clause or not (TRUE = not)
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function find( $type, $conditions = array(), $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        //for backward compatibility, allow mismatch arguments:
+        if ( is_array( $sql ) ) {
+            if ( isset( $sql[1] ) ) {
+                $bindings = $sql[1];
+            }
+            $sql = $sql[0];
+        }
+        try {
+            $beans = $this->convertToBeans( $type, $this->writer->queryRecord( $type, $conditions, $sql, $bindings ) );
+
+            return $beans;
+        } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+            $this->handleException( $exception );
+        }
+
+        return array();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds a BeanCollection.
+     * Given a type, an SQL snippet and optionally some parameter bindings
+     * this methods returns a BeanCollection for your query.
+     *
+     * The BeanCollection represents a collection of beans and
+     * makes it possible to use database cursors. The BeanCollection
+     * has a method next() to obtain the first, next and last bean
+     * in the collection. The BeanCollection does not implement the array
+     * interface nor does it try to act like an array because it cannot go
+     * backward or rewind itself.
+     *
+     * @param string $type     type of beans you are looking for
+     * @param string $sql      SQL to be used in query
+     * @param array  $bindings whether you prefer to use a WHERE clause or not (TRUE = not)
+     *
+     * @return BeanCollection
+     */
+    public function findCollection( $type, $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        try {
+            $cursor = $this->writer->queryRecordWithCursor( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+            return new BeanCollection( $type, $this, $cursor );
+        } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+            $this->handleException( $exception );
+        }
+        return new BeanCollection( $type, $this, new NullCursor );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores a bean in the database. This method takes a
+     * OODBBean Bean Object $bean and stores it
+     * in the database. If the database schema is not compatible
+     * with this bean and RedBean runs in fluid mode the schema
+     * will be altered to store the bean correctly.
+     * If the database schema is not compatible with this bean and
+     * RedBean runs in frozen mode it will throw an exception.
+     * This function returns the primary key ID of the inserted
+     * bean.
+     *
+     * The return value is an integer if possible. If it is not possible to
+     * represent the value as an integer a string will be returned. We use
+     * explicit casts instead of functions to preserve performance
+     * (0.13 vs 0.28 for 10000 iterations on Core i3).
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|SimpleModel $bean bean to store
+     *
+     * @return integer|string
+     */
+    public function store( $bean )
+    {
+        $processLists = $this->hasListsOrObjects( $bean );
+        if ( !$processLists && !$bean->getMeta( 'tainted' ) ) {
+            return $bean->getID(); //bail out!
+        }
+        $this->oodb->signal( 'update', $bean );
+        $processLists = $this->hasListsOrObjects( $bean ); //check again, might have changed by model!
+        if ( $processLists ) {
+            $this->storeBeanWithLists( $bean );
+        } else {
+            $this->storeBean( $bean );
+        }
+        $this->oodb->signal( 'after_update', $bean );
+
+        return ( (string) $bean->id === (string) (int) $bean->id ) ? (int) $bean->id : (string) $bean->id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of beans. Pass a type and a series of ids and
+     * this method will bring you the corresponding beans.
+     *
+     * important note: Because this method loads beans using the load()
+     * function (but faster) it will return empty beans with ID 0 for
+     * every bean that could not be located. The resulting beans will have the
+     * passed IDs as their keys.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of beans
+     * @param array  $ids  ids to load
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function batch( $type, $ids )
+    {
+        if ( !$ids ) {
+            return array();
+        }
+        $collection = array();
+        try {
+            $rows = $this->writer->queryRecord( $type, array( 'id' => $ids ) );
+        } catch ( SQLException $e ) {
+            $this->handleException( $e );
+            $rows = FALSE;
+        }
+        $this->stash[$this->nesting] = array();
+        if ( !$rows ) {
+            return array();
+        }
+        foreach ( $rows as $row ) {
+            $this->stash[$this->nesting][$row['id']] = $row;
+        }
+        foreach ( $ids as $id ) {
+            $collection[$id] = $this->load( $type, $id );
+        }
+        $this->stash[$this->nesting] = NULL;
+
+        return $collection;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This is a convenience method; it converts database rows
+     * (arrays) into beans. Given a type and a set of rows this method
+     * will return an array of beans of the specified type loaded with
+     * the data fields provided by the result set from the database.
+     *
+     * New in 4.3.2: meta mask. The meta mask is a special mask to send
+     * data from raw result rows to the meta store of the bean. This is
+     * useful for bundling additional information with custom queries.
+     * Values of every column whos name starts with $mask will be
+     * transferred to the meta section of the bean under key 'data.bundle'.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of beans you would like to have
+     * @param array  $rows rows from the database result
+     * @param string $mask meta mask to apply (optional)
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function convertToBeans( $type, $rows, $mask = NULL )
+    {
+        $masklen = 0;
+        if ( $mask !== NULL ) $masklen = mb_strlen( $mask );
+
+        $collection                  = array();
+        $this->stash[$this->nesting] = array();
+        foreach ( $rows as $row ) {
+            $meta = array();
+            if ( !is_null( $mask ) ) {
+                foreach( $row as $key => $value ) {
+                    if ( strpos( $key, $mask ) === 0 ) {
+                        unset( $row[$key] );
+                        $meta[$key] = $value;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            $id                               = $row['id'];
+            $this->stash[$this->nesting][$id] = $row;
+            $collection[$id]                  = $this->load( $type, $id );
+
+            if ( $mask !== NULL ) {
+                $collection[$id]->setMeta( 'data.bundle', $meta );
+            }
+        }
+        $this->stash[$this->nesting] = NULL;
+
+        return $collection;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Counts the number of beans of type $type.
+     * This method accepts a second argument to modify the count-query.
+     * A third argument can be used to provide bindings for the SQL snippet.
+     *
+     * @param string $type     type of bean we are looking for
+     * @param string $addSQL   additional SQL snippet
+     * @param array  $bindings parameters to bind to SQL
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function count( $type, $addSQL = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $type = AQueryWriter::camelsSnake( $type );
+        if ( count( explode( '_', $type ) ) > 2 ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Invalid type for count.' );
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return (int) $this->writer->queryRecordCount( $type, array(), $addSQL, $bindings );
+        } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+            if ( !$this->writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(), array(
+                    QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE,
+                    QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN ),
+                    $exception->getDriverDetails() ) ) {
+                throw $exception;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a bean from the database.
+     * This function will remove the specified OODBBean
+     * Bean Object from the database.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|SimpleModel $bean bean you want to remove from database
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function trash( $bean )
+    {
+        $this->oodb->signal( 'delete', $bean );
+        foreach ( $bean as $property => $value ) {
+            if ( $value instanceof OODBBean ) {
+                unset( $bean->$property );
+            }
+            if ( is_array( $value ) ) {
+                if ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 ) {
+                    unset( $bean->$property );
+                } elseif ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 ) {
+                    unset( $bean->$property );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        try {
+            $this->writer->deleteRecord( $bean->getMeta( 'type' ), array( 'id' => array( $bean->id ) ), NULL );
+        } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+            $this->handleException( $exception );
+        }
+        $bean->id = 0;
+        $this->oodb->signal( 'after_delete', $bean );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the specified table already exists in the database.
+     * Not part of the Object Database interface!
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use AQueryWriter::typeExists() instead.
+     *
+     * @param string $table table name
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function tableExists( $table )
+    {
+        return $this->writer->tableExists( $table );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Trash all beans of a given type.
+     * Wipes an entire type of bean. After this operation there
+     * will be no beans left of the specified type.
+     * This method will ignore exceptions caused by database
+     * tables that do not exist.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of bean you wish to delete all instances of
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function wipe( $type )
+    {
+        try {
+            $this->writer->wipe( $type );
+
+            return TRUE;
+        } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+            if ( !$this->writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(), array( QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE ), $exception->getDriverDetails() ) ) {
+                throw $exception;
+            }
+
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -9043,327 +9043,327 @@ 
  */
 class Fluid extends Repository
 {
-	/**
-	 * Figures out the desired type given the cast string ID.
-	 * Given a cast ID, this method will return the associated
-	 * type (INT(10) or VARCHAR for instance). The returned type
-	 * can be processed by the Query Writer to build the specified
-	 * column for you in the database. The Cast ID is actually just
-	 * a superset of the QueryWriter types. In addition to default
-	 * Query Writer column types you can pass the following 'cast types':
-	 * 'id' and 'string'. These will map to Query Writer specific
-	 * column types (probably INT and VARCHAR).
-	 *
-	 * @param string $cast cast identifier
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	private function getTypeFromCast( $cast )
-	{
-		if ( $cast == 'string' ) {
-			$typeno = $this->writer->scanType( 'STRING' );
-		} elseif ( $cast == 'id' ) {
-			$typeno = $this->writer->getTypeForID();
-		} elseif ( isset( $this->writer->sqltype_typeno[$cast] ) ) {
-			$typeno = $this->writer->sqltype_typeno[$cast];
-		} else {
-			throw new RedException( 'Invalid Cast' );
-		}
-
-		return $typeno;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Orders the Query Writer to create a table if it does not exist already and
-	 * adds a note in the build report about the creation.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean bean to update report of
-	 * @param string         $table table to check and create if not exists
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	private function createTableIfNotExists( OODBBean $bean, $table )
-	{
-		//Does table exist? If not, create
-		if ( !$this->tableExists( $this->writer->esc( $table, TRUE ) ) ) {
-			$this->writer->createTable( $table );
-			$bean->setMeta( 'buildreport.flags.created', TRUE );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Modifies the table to fit the bean data.
-	 * Given a property and a value and the bean, this method will
-	 * adjust the table structure to fit the requirements of the property and value.
-	 * This may include adding a new column or widening an existing column to hold a larger
-	 * or different kind of value. This method employs the writer to adjust the table
-	 * structure in the database. Schema updates are recorded in meta properties of the bean.
-	 *
-	 * This method will also apply indexes, unique constraints and foreign keys.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean     bean to get cast data from and store meta in
-	 * @param string   $property property to store
-	 * @param mixed    $value    value to store
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	private function modifySchema( OODBBean $bean, $property, $value, &$columns = NULL )
-	{
-		$doFKStuff = FALSE;
-		$table   = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-		if ($columns === NULL) {
-			$columns = $this->writer->getColumns( $table );
-		}
-		$columnNoQ = $this->writer->esc( $property, TRUE );
-		if ( !$this->oodb->isChilled( $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) ) ) {
-			if ( $bean->getMeta( "cast.$property", -1 ) !== -1 ) { //check for explicitly specified types
-				$cast   = $bean->getMeta( "cast.$property" );
-				$typeno = $this->getTypeFromCast( $cast );
-			} else {
-				$cast   = FALSE;
-				$typeno = $this->writer->scanType( $value, TRUE );
-			}
-			if ( isset( $columns[$this->writer->esc( $property, TRUE )] ) ) { //Is this property represented in the table ?
-				if ( !$cast ) { //rescan without taking into account special types >80
-					$typeno = $this->writer->scanType( $value, FALSE );
-				}
-				$sqlt = $this->writer->code( $columns[$this->writer->esc( $property, TRUE )] );
-				if ( $typeno > $sqlt ) { //no, we have to widen the database column type
-					$this->writer->widenColumn( $table, $property, $typeno );
-					$bean->setMeta( 'buildreport.flags.widen', TRUE );
-					$doFKStuff = TRUE;
-				}
-			} else {
-				$this->writer->addColumn( $table, $property, $typeno );
-				$bean->setMeta( 'buildreport.flags.addcolumn', TRUE );
-				$doFKStuff = TRUE;
-			}
-			if ($doFKStuff) {
-				if (strrpos($columnNoQ, '_id')===(strlen($columnNoQ)-3)) {
-					$destinationColumnNoQ = substr($columnNoQ, 0, strlen($columnNoQ)-3);
-					$indexName = "index_foreignkey_{$table}_{$destinationColumnNoQ}";
-					$this->writer->addIndex($table, $indexName, $columnNoQ);
-					$typeof = $bean->getMeta("sys.typeof.{$destinationColumnNoQ}", $destinationColumnNoQ);
-					$isLink = $bean->getMeta( 'sys.buildcommand.unique', FALSE );
-					//Make FK CASCADING if part of exclusive list (dependson=typeof) or if link bean
-					$isDep = ( $bean->moveMeta( 'sys.buildcommand.fkdependson' ) === $typeof || is_array( $isLink ) );
-					$result = $this->writer->addFK( $table, $typeof, $columnNoQ, 'id', $isDep );
-					//If this is a link bean and all unique columns have been added already, then apply unique constraint
-					if ( is_array( $isLink ) && !count( array_diff( $isLink, array_keys( $this->writer->getColumns( $table ) ) ) ) ) {
-						$this->writer->addUniqueConstraint( $table, $bean->moveMeta('sys.buildcommand.unique') );
-						$bean->setMeta("sys.typeof.{$destinationColumnNoQ}", NULL);
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Part of the store() functionality.
-	 * Handles all new additions after the bean has been saved.
-	 * Stores addition bean in own-list, extracts the id and
-	 * adds a foreign key. Also adds a constraint in case the type is
-	 * in the dependent list.
-	 *
-	 * Note that this method raises a custom exception if the bean
-	 * is not an instance of OODBBean. Therefore it does not use
-	 * a type hint. This allows the user to take action in case
-	 * invalid objects are passed in the list.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean         bean to process
-	 * @param array    $ownAdditions list of addition beans in own-list
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function processAdditions( $bean, $ownAdditions )
-	{
-		$beanType = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-
-		foreach ( $ownAdditions as $addition ) {
-			if ( $addition instanceof OODBBean ) {
-
-				$myFieldLink = $beanType . '_id';
-				$alias = $bean->getMeta( 'sys.alias.' . $addition->getMeta( 'type' ) );
-				if ( $alias ) $myFieldLink = $alias . '_id';
-
-				$addition->$myFieldLink = $bean->id;
-				$addition->setMeta( 'cast.' . $myFieldLink, 'id' );
-
-				if ($alias) {
-					$addition->setMeta( "sys.typeof.{$alias}", $beanType );
-				} else {
-					$addition->setMeta( "sys.typeof.{$beanType}", $beanType );
-				}
-
-				$this->store( $addition );
-			} else {
-				throw new RedException( 'Array may only contain OODBBeans' );
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Stores a cleaned bean; i.e. only scalar values. This is the core of the store()
-	 * method. When all lists and embedded beans (parent objects) have been processed and
-	 * removed from the original bean the bean is passed to this method to be stored
-	 * in the database.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean the clean bean
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function storeBean( OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		if ( $bean->getMeta( 'changed' ) ) {
-			$this->check( $bean );
-			$table = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-			$this->createTableIfNotExists( $bean, $table );
-
-			$updateValues = array();
-
-			$partial = ( $this->partialBeans === TRUE || ( is_array( $this->partialBeans ) && in_array( $table, $this->partialBeans ) ) );
-			if ( $partial ) {
-				$mask = $bean->getMeta( 'changelist' );
-				$bean->setMeta( 'changelist', array() );
-			}
-
-			$columnCache = NULL;
-			foreach ( $bean as $property => $value ) {
-				if ( $partial && !in_array( $property, $mask ) ) continue;
-				if ( $property !== 'id' ) {
-					$this->modifySchema( $bean, $property, $value, $columnCache );
-				}
-				if ( $property !== 'id' ) {
-					$updateValues[] = array( 'property' => $property, 'value' => $value );
-				}
-			}
-
-			$bean->id = $this->writer->updateRecord( $table, $updateValues, $bean->id );
-			$bean->setMeta( 'changed', FALSE );
-		}
-		$bean->setMeta( 'tainted', FALSE );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Exception handler.
-	 * Fluid and Frozen mode have different ways of handling
-	 * exceptions. Fluid mode (using the fluid repository) ignores
-	 * exceptions caused by the following:
-	 *
-	 * - missing tables
-	 * - missing column
-	 *
-	 * In these situations, the repository will behave as if
-	 * no beans could be found. This is because in fluid mode
-	 * it might happen to query a table or column that has not been
-	 * created yet. In frozen mode, this is not supposed to happen
-	 * and the corresponding exceptions will be thrown.
-	 *
-	 * @param \Exception $exception exception
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function handleException( \Exception $exception )
-	{
-		if ( !$this->writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(),
-			array(
-				QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE,
-				QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN ),
-				$exception->getDriverDetails() )
-		) {
-			throw $exception;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Dispenses a new bean (a OODBBean Bean Object)
-	 * of the specified type. Always
-	 * use this function to get an empty bean object. Never
-	 * instantiate a OODBBean yourself because it needs
-	 * to be configured before you can use it with RedBean. This
-	 * function applies the appropriate initialization /
-	 * configuration for you.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type              type of bean you want to dispense
-	 * @param string  $number            number of beans you would like to get
-	 * @param boolean $alwaysReturnArray if TRUE always returns the result as an array
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function dispense( $type, $number = 1, $alwaysReturnArray = FALSE )
-	{
-		$OODBBEAN = defined( 'REDBEAN_OODBBEAN_CLASS' ) ? REDBEAN_OODBBEAN_CLASS : '\RedBeanPHP\OODBBean';
-		$beans = array();
-		for ( $i = 0; $i < $number; $i++ ) {
-			$bean = new $OODBBEAN;
-			$bean->initializeForDispense( $type, $this->oodb->getBeanHelper() );
-			$this->check( $bean );
-			$this->oodb->signal( 'dispense', $bean );
-			$beans[] = $bean;
-		}
-
-		return ( count( $beans ) === 1 && !$alwaysReturnArray ) ? array_pop( $beans ) : $beans;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Loads a bean from the object database.
-	 * It searches for a OODBBean Bean Object in the
-	 * database. It does not matter how this bean has been stored.
-	 * RedBean uses the primary key ID $id and the string $type
-	 * to find the bean. The $type specifies what kind of bean you
-	 * are looking for; this is the same type as used with the
-	 * dispense() function. If RedBean finds the bean it will return
-	 * the OODB Bean object; if it cannot find the bean
-	 * RedBean will return a new bean of type $type and with
-	 * primary key ID 0. In the latter case it acts basically the
-	 * same as dispense().
-	 *
-	 * Important note:
-	 * If the bean cannot be found in the database a new bean of
-	 * the specified type will be generated and returned.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type type of bean you want to load
-	 * @param integer $id   ID of the bean you want to load
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function load( $type, $id )
-	{
-		$rows = array();
-		$bean = $this->dispense( $type );
-		if ( isset( $this->stash[$this->nesting][$id] ) ) {
-			$row = $this->stash[$this->nesting][$id];
-		} else {
-			try {
-				$rows = $this->writer->queryRecord( $type, array( 'id' => array( $id ) ) );
-			} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-				if (
-					$this->writer->sqlStateIn(
-						$exception->getSQLState(),
-						array(
-							QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN,
-							QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE
-						),
-						$exception->getDriverDetails()
-					)
-				) {
-					$rows = array();
-				} else {
-					throw $exception;
-				}
-			}
-			if ( !count( $rows ) ) {
-				return $bean;
-			}
-			$row = array_pop( $rows );
-		}
-		$bean->importRow( $row );
-		$this->nesting++;
-		$this->oodb->signal( 'open', $bean );
-		$this->nesting--;
-
-		return $bean->setMeta( 'tainted', FALSE );
-	}
+    /**
+     * Figures out the desired type given the cast string ID.
+     * Given a cast ID, this method will return the associated
+     * type (INT(10) or VARCHAR for instance). The returned type
+     * can be processed by the Query Writer to build the specified
+     * column for you in the database. The Cast ID is actually just
+     * a superset of the QueryWriter types. In addition to default
+     * Query Writer column types you can pass the following 'cast types':
+     * 'id' and 'string'. These will map to Query Writer specific
+     * column types (probably INT and VARCHAR).
+     *
+     * @param string $cast cast identifier
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    private function getTypeFromCast( $cast )
+    {
+        if ( $cast == 'string' ) {
+            $typeno = $this->writer->scanType( 'STRING' );
+        } elseif ( $cast == 'id' ) {
+            $typeno = $this->writer->getTypeForID();
+        } elseif ( isset( $this->writer->sqltype_typeno[$cast] ) ) {
+            $typeno = $this->writer->sqltype_typeno[$cast];
+        } else {
+            throw new RedException( 'Invalid Cast' );
+        }
+
+        return $typeno;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Orders the Query Writer to create a table if it does not exist already and
+     * adds a note in the build report about the creation.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean bean to update report of
+     * @param string         $table table to check and create if not exists
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    private function createTableIfNotExists( OODBBean $bean, $table )
+    {
+        //Does table exist? If not, create
+        if ( !$this->tableExists( $this->writer->esc( $table, TRUE ) ) ) {
+            $this->writer->createTable( $table );
+            $bean->setMeta( 'buildreport.flags.created', TRUE );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Modifies the table to fit the bean data.
+     * Given a property and a value and the bean, this method will
+     * adjust the table structure to fit the requirements of the property and value.
+     * This may include adding a new column or widening an existing column to hold a larger
+     * or different kind of value. This method employs the writer to adjust the table
+     * structure in the database. Schema updates are recorded in meta properties of the bean.
+     *
+     * This method will also apply indexes, unique constraints and foreign keys.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean     bean to get cast data from and store meta in
+     * @param string   $property property to store
+     * @param mixed    $value    value to store
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    private function modifySchema( OODBBean $bean, $property, $value, &$columns = NULL )
+    {
+        $doFKStuff = FALSE;
+        $table   = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+        if ($columns === NULL) {
+            $columns = $this->writer->getColumns( $table );
+        }
+        $columnNoQ = $this->writer->esc( $property, TRUE );
+        if ( !$this->oodb->isChilled( $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) ) ) {
+            if ( $bean->getMeta( "cast.$property", -1 ) !== -1 ) { //check for explicitly specified types
+                $cast   = $bean->getMeta( "cast.$property" );
+                $typeno = $this->getTypeFromCast( $cast );
+            } else {
+                $cast   = FALSE;
+                $typeno = $this->writer->scanType( $value, TRUE );
+            }
+            if ( isset( $columns[$this->writer->esc( $property, TRUE )] ) ) { //Is this property represented in the table ?
+                if ( !$cast ) { //rescan without taking into account special types >80
+                    $typeno = $this->writer->scanType( $value, FALSE );
+                }
+                $sqlt = $this->writer->code( $columns[$this->writer->esc( $property, TRUE )] );
+                if ( $typeno > $sqlt ) { //no, we have to widen the database column type
+                    $this->writer->widenColumn( $table, $property, $typeno );
+                    $bean->setMeta( 'buildreport.flags.widen', TRUE );
+                    $doFKStuff = TRUE;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $this->writer->addColumn( $table, $property, $typeno );
+                $bean->setMeta( 'buildreport.flags.addcolumn', TRUE );
+                $doFKStuff = TRUE;
+            }
+            if ($doFKStuff) {
+                if (strrpos($columnNoQ, '_id')===(strlen($columnNoQ)-3)) {
+                    $destinationColumnNoQ = substr($columnNoQ, 0, strlen($columnNoQ)-3);
+                    $indexName = "index_foreignkey_{$table}_{$destinationColumnNoQ}";
+                    $this->writer->addIndex($table, $indexName, $columnNoQ);
+                    $typeof = $bean->getMeta("sys.typeof.{$destinationColumnNoQ}", $destinationColumnNoQ);
+                    $isLink = $bean->getMeta( 'sys.buildcommand.unique', FALSE );
+                    //Make FK CASCADING if part of exclusive list (dependson=typeof) or if link bean
+                    $isDep = ( $bean->moveMeta( 'sys.buildcommand.fkdependson' ) === $typeof || is_array( $isLink ) );
+                    $result = $this->writer->addFK( $table, $typeof, $columnNoQ, 'id', $isDep );
+                    //If this is a link bean and all unique columns have been added already, then apply unique constraint
+                    if ( is_array( $isLink ) && !count( array_diff( $isLink, array_keys( $this->writer->getColumns( $table ) ) ) ) ) {
+                        $this->writer->addUniqueConstraint( $table, $bean->moveMeta('sys.buildcommand.unique') );
+                        $bean->setMeta("sys.typeof.{$destinationColumnNoQ}", NULL);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Part of the store() functionality.
+     * Handles all new additions after the bean has been saved.
+     * Stores addition bean in own-list, extracts the id and
+     * adds a foreign key. Also adds a constraint in case the type is
+     * in the dependent list.
+     *
+     * Note that this method raises a custom exception if the bean
+     * is not an instance of OODBBean. Therefore it does not use
+     * a type hint. This allows the user to take action in case
+     * invalid objects are passed in the list.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean         bean to process
+     * @param array    $ownAdditions list of addition beans in own-list
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function processAdditions( $bean, $ownAdditions )
+    {
+        $beanType = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+
+        foreach ( $ownAdditions as $addition ) {
+            if ( $addition instanceof OODBBean ) {
+
+                $myFieldLink = $beanType . '_id';
+                $alias = $bean->getMeta( 'sys.alias.' . $addition->getMeta( 'type' ) );
+                if ( $alias ) $myFieldLink = $alias . '_id';
+
+                $addition->$myFieldLink = $bean->id;
+                $addition->setMeta( 'cast.' . $myFieldLink, 'id' );
+
+                if ($alias) {
+                    $addition->setMeta( "sys.typeof.{$alias}", $beanType );
+                } else {
+                    $addition->setMeta( "sys.typeof.{$beanType}", $beanType );
+                }
+
+                $this->store( $addition );
+            } else {
+                throw new RedException( 'Array may only contain OODBBeans' );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores a cleaned bean; i.e. only scalar values. This is the core of the store()
+     * method. When all lists and embedded beans (parent objects) have been processed and
+     * removed from the original bean the bean is passed to this method to be stored
+     * in the database.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean the clean bean
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function storeBean( OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        if ( $bean->getMeta( 'changed' ) ) {
+            $this->check( $bean );
+            $table = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+            $this->createTableIfNotExists( $bean, $table );
+
+            $updateValues = array();
+
+            $partial = ( $this->partialBeans === TRUE || ( is_array( $this->partialBeans ) && in_array( $table, $this->partialBeans ) ) );
+            if ( $partial ) {
+                $mask = $bean->getMeta( 'changelist' );
+                $bean->setMeta( 'changelist', array() );
+            }
+
+            $columnCache = NULL;
+            foreach ( $bean as $property => $value ) {
+                if ( $partial && !in_array( $property, $mask ) ) continue;
+                if ( $property !== 'id' ) {
+                    $this->modifySchema( $bean, $property, $value, $columnCache );
+                }
+                if ( $property !== 'id' ) {
+                    $updateValues[] = array( 'property' => $property, 'value' => $value );
+                }
+            }
+
+            $bean->id = $this->writer->updateRecord( $table, $updateValues, $bean->id );
+            $bean->setMeta( 'changed', FALSE );
+        }
+        $bean->setMeta( 'tainted', FALSE );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exception handler.
+     * Fluid and Frozen mode have different ways of handling
+     * exceptions. Fluid mode (using the fluid repository) ignores
+     * exceptions caused by the following:
+     *
+     * - missing tables
+     * - missing column
+     *
+     * In these situations, the repository will behave as if
+     * no beans could be found. This is because in fluid mode
+     * it might happen to query a table or column that has not been
+     * created yet. In frozen mode, this is not supposed to happen
+     * and the corresponding exceptions will be thrown.
+     *
+     * @param \Exception $exception exception
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function handleException( \Exception $exception )
+    {
+        if ( !$this->writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(),
+            array(
+                QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE,
+                QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN ),
+                $exception->getDriverDetails() )
+        ) {
+            throw $exception;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dispenses a new bean (a OODBBean Bean Object)
+     * of the specified type. Always
+     * use this function to get an empty bean object. Never
+     * instantiate a OODBBean yourself because it needs
+     * to be configured before you can use it with RedBean. This
+     * function applies the appropriate initialization /
+     * configuration for you.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type              type of bean you want to dispense
+     * @param string  $number            number of beans you would like to get
+     * @param boolean $alwaysReturnArray if TRUE always returns the result as an array
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function dispense( $type, $number = 1, $alwaysReturnArray = FALSE )
+    {
+        $OODBBEAN = defined( 'REDBEAN_OODBBEAN_CLASS' ) ? REDBEAN_OODBBEAN_CLASS : '\RedBeanPHP\OODBBean';
+        $beans = array();
+        for ( $i = 0; $i < $number; $i++ ) {
+            $bean = new $OODBBEAN;
+            $bean->initializeForDispense( $type, $this->oodb->getBeanHelper() );
+            $this->check( $bean );
+            $this->oodb->signal( 'dispense', $bean );
+            $beans[] = $bean;
+        }
+
+        return ( count( $beans ) === 1 && !$alwaysReturnArray ) ? array_pop( $beans ) : $beans;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a bean from the object database.
+     * It searches for a OODBBean Bean Object in the
+     * database. It does not matter how this bean has been stored.
+     * RedBean uses the primary key ID $id and the string $type
+     * to find the bean. The $type specifies what kind of bean you
+     * are looking for; this is the same type as used with the
+     * dispense() function. If RedBean finds the bean it will return
+     * the OODB Bean object; if it cannot find the bean
+     * RedBean will return a new bean of type $type and with
+     * primary key ID 0. In the latter case it acts basically the
+     * same as dispense().
+     *
+     * Important note:
+     * If the bean cannot be found in the database a new bean of
+     * the specified type will be generated and returned.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type type of bean you want to load
+     * @param integer $id   ID of the bean you want to load
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function load( $type, $id )
+    {
+        $rows = array();
+        $bean = $this->dispense( $type );
+        if ( isset( $this->stash[$this->nesting][$id] ) ) {
+            $row = $this->stash[$this->nesting][$id];
+        } else {
+            try {
+                $rows = $this->writer->queryRecord( $type, array( 'id' => array( $id ) ) );
+            } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+                if (
+                    $this->writer->sqlStateIn(
+                        $exception->getSQLState(),
+                        array(
+                            QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN,
+                            QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE
+                        ),
+                        $exception->getDriverDetails()
+                    )
+                ) {
+                    $rows = array();
+                } else {
+                    throw $exception;
+                }
+            }
+            if ( !count( $rows ) ) {
+                return $bean;
+            }
+            $row = array_pop( $rows );
+        }
+        $bean->importRow( $row );
+        $this->nesting++;
+        $this->oodb->signal( 'open', $bean );
+        $this->nesting--;
+
+        return $bean->setMeta( 'tainted', FALSE );
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -9396,180 +9396,180 @@ 
  */
 class Frozen extends Repository
 {
-	/**
-	 * Exception handler.
-	 * Fluid and Frozen mode have different ways of handling
-	 * exceptions. Fluid mode (using the fluid repository) ignores
-	 * exceptions caused by the following:
-	 *
-	 * - missing tables
-	 * - missing column
-	 *
-	 * In these situations, the repository will behave as if
-	 * no beans could be found. This is because in fluid mode
-	 * it might happen to query a table or column that has not been
-	 * created yet. In frozen mode, this is not supposed to happen
-	 * and the corresponding exceptions will be thrown.
-	 *
-	 * @param \Exception $exception exception
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function handleException( \Exception $exception )
-	{
-		throw $exception;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Stores a cleaned bean; i.e. only scalar values. This is the core of the store()
-	 * method. When all lists and embedded beans (parent objects) have been processed and
-	 * removed from the original bean the bean is passed to this method to be stored
-	 * in the database.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean the clean bean
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	protected function storeBean( OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		if ( $bean->getMeta( 'changed' ) ) {
-
-			list( $properties, $table ) = $bean->getPropertiesAndType();
-			$id = $properties['id'];
-			unset($properties['id']);
-			$updateValues = array();
-			$k1 = 'property';
-			$k2 = 'value';
-
-			$partial = ( $this->partialBeans === TRUE || ( is_array( $this->partialBeans ) && in_array( $table, $this->partialBeans ) ) );
-			if ( $partial ) {
-				$mask = $bean->getMeta( 'changelist' );
-				$bean->setMeta( 'changelist', array() );
-			}
-
-			foreach( $properties as $key => $value ) {
-				if ( $partial && !in_array( $key, $mask ) ) continue;
-				$updateValues[] = array( $k1 => $key, $k2 => $value );
-			}
-			$bean->id = $this->writer->updateRecord( $table, $updateValues, $id );
-			$bean->setMeta( 'changed', FALSE );
-		}
-		$bean->setMeta( 'tainted', FALSE );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Part of the store() functionality.
-	 * Handles all new additions after the bean has been saved.
-	 * Stores addition bean in own-list, extracts the id and
-	 * adds a foreign key. Also adds a constraint in case the type is
-	 * in the dependent list.
-	 *
-	 * Note that this method raises a custom exception if the bean
-	 * is not an instance of OODBBean. Therefore it does not use
-	 * a type hint. This allows the user to take action in case
-	 * invalid objects are passed in the list.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean         bean to process
-	 * @param array    $ownAdditions list of addition beans in own-list
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 * @throws RedException
-	 */
-	protected function processAdditions( $bean, $ownAdditions )
-	{
-		$beanType = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-
-		$cachedIndex = array();
-		foreach ( $ownAdditions as $addition ) {
-			if ( $addition instanceof OODBBean ) {
-
-				$myFieldLink = $beanType . '_id';
-				$alias = $bean->getMeta( 'sys.alias.' . $addition->getMeta( 'type' ) );
-				if ( $alias ) $myFieldLink = $alias . '_id';
-
-				$addition->$myFieldLink = $bean->id;
-				$addition->setMeta( 'cast.' . $myFieldLink, 'id' );
-				$this->store( $addition );
-
-			} else {
-				throw new RedException( 'Array may only contain OODBBeans' );
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Dispenses a new bean (a OODBBean Bean Object)
-	 * of the specified type. Always
-	 * use this function to get an empty bean object. Never
-	 * instantiate a OODBBean yourself because it needs
-	 * to be configured before you can use it with RedBean. This
-	 * function applies the appropriate initialization /
-	 * configuration for you.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type              type of bean you want to dispense
-	 * @param int  $number            number of beans you would like to get
-	 * @param boolean $alwaysReturnArray if TRUE always returns the result as an array
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function dispense( $type, $number = 1, $alwaysReturnArray = FALSE )
-	{
-		$OODBBEAN = defined( 'REDBEAN_OODBBEAN_CLASS' ) ? REDBEAN_OODBBEAN_CLASS : '\RedBeanPHP\OODBBean';
-		$beans = array();
-		for ( $i = 0; $i < $number; $i++ ) {
-			/** @var \RedBeanPHP\OODBBean $bean */
-			$bean = new $OODBBEAN;
-			$bean->initializeForDispense( $type, $this->oodb->getBeanHelper() );
-			$this->oodb->signal( 'dispense', $bean );
-			$beans[] = $bean;
-		}
-
-		return ( count( $beans ) === 1 && !$alwaysReturnArray ) ? array_pop( $beans ) : $beans;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Loads a bean from the object database.
-	 * It searches for a OODBBean Bean Object in the
-	 * database. It does not matter how this bean has been stored.
-	 * RedBean uses the primary key ID $id and the string $type
-	 * to find the bean. The $type specifies what kind of bean you
-	 * are looking for; this is the same type as used with the
-	 * dispense() function. If RedBean finds the bean it will return
-	 * the OODB Bean object; if it cannot find the bean
-	 * RedBean will return a new bean of type $type and with
-	 * primary key ID 0. In the latter case it acts basically the
-	 * same as dispense().
-	 *
-	 * Important note:
-	 * If the bean cannot be found in the database a new bean of
-	 * the specified type will be generated and returned.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type type of bean you want to load
-	 * @param integer $id   ID of the bean you want to load
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 * @throws SQLException
-	 */
-	public function load( $type, $id )
-	{
-		$rows = array();
-		$bean = $this->dispense( $type );
-		if ( isset( $this->stash[$this->nesting][$id] ) ) {
-			$row = $this->stash[$this->nesting][$id];
-		} else {
-			$rows = $this->writer->queryRecord( $type, array( 'id' => array( $id ) ) );
-			if ( !count( $rows ) ) {
-				return $bean;
-			}
-			$row = array_pop( $rows );
-		}
-		$bean->importRow( $row );
-		$this->nesting++;
-		$this->oodb->signal( 'open', $bean );
-		$this->nesting--;
-
-		return $bean->setMeta( 'tainted', FALSE );
-	}
+    /**
+     * Exception handler.
+     * Fluid and Frozen mode have different ways of handling
+     * exceptions. Fluid mode (using the fluid repository) ignores
+     * exceptions caused by the following:
+     *
+     * - missing tables
+     * - missing column
+     *
+     * In these situations, the repository will behave as if
+     * no beans could be found. This is because in fluid mode
+     * it might happen to query a table or column that has not been
+     * created yet. In frozen mode, this is not supposed to happen
+     * and the corresponding exceptions will be thrown.
+     *
+     * @param \Exception $exception exception
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function handleException( \Exception $exception )
+    {
+        throw $exception;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores a cleaned bean; i.e. only scalar values. This is the core of the store()
+     * method. When all lists and embedded beans (parent objects) have been processed and
+     * removed from the original bean the bean is passed to this method to be stored
+     * in the database.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean the clean bean
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function storeBean( OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        if ( $bean->getMeta( 'changed' ) ) {
+
+            list( $properties, $table ) = $bean->getPropertiesAndType();
+            $id = $properties['id'];
+            unset($properties['id']);
+            $updateValues = array();
+            $k1 = 'property';
+            $k2 = 'value';
+
+            $partial = ( $this->partialBeans === TRUE || ( is_array( $this->partialBeans ) && in_array( $table, $this->partialBeans ) ) );
+            if ( $partial ) {
+                $mask = $bean->getMeta( 'changelist' );
+                $bean->setMeta( 'changelist', array() );
+            }
+
+            foreach( $properties as $key => $value ) {
+                if ( $partial && !in_array( $key, $mask ) ) continue;
+                $updateValues[] = array( $k1 => $key, $k2 => $value );
+            }
+            $bean->id = $this->writer->updateRecord( $table, $updateValues, $id );
+            $bean->setMeta( 'changed', FALSE );
+        }
+        $bean->setMeta( 'tainted', FALSE );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Part of the store() functionality.
+     * Handles all new additions after the bean has been saved.
+     * Stores addition bean in own-list, extracts the id and
+     * adds a foreign key. Also adds a constraint in case the type is
+     * in the dependent list.
+     *
+     * Note that this method raises a custom exception if the bean
+     * is not an instance of OODBBean. Therefore it does not use
+     * a type hint. This allows the user to take action in case
+     * invalid objects are passed in the list.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean         bean to process
+     * @param array    $ownAdditions list of addition beans in own-list
+     *
+     * @return void
+     * @throws RedException
+     */
+    protected function processAdditions( $bean, $ownAdditions )
+    {
+        $beanType = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+
+        $cachedIndex = array();
+        foreach ( $ownAdditions as $addition ) {
+            if ( $addition instanceof OODBBean ) {
+
+                $myFieldLink = $beanType . '_id';
+                $alias = $bean->getMeta( 'sys.alias.' . $addition->getMeta( 'type' ) );
+                if ( $alias ) $myFieldLink = $alias . '_id';
+
+                $addition->$myFieldLink = $bean->id;
+                $addition->setMeta( 'cast.' . $myFieldLink, 'id' );
+                $this->store( $addition );
+
+            } else {
+                throw new RedException( 'Array may only contain OODBBeans' );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dispenses a new bean (a OODBBean Bean Object)
+     * of the specified type. Always
+     * use this function to get an empty bean object. Never
+     * instantiate a OODBBean yourself because it needs
+     * to be configured before you can use it with RedBean. This
+     * function applies the appropriate initialization /
+     * configuration for you.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type              type of bean you want to dispense
+     * @param int  $number            number of beans you would like to get
+     * @param boolean $alwaysReturnArray if TRUE always returns the result as an array
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function dispense( $type, $number = 1, $alwaysReturnArray = FALSE )
+    {
+        $OODBBEAN = defined( 'REDBEAN_OODBBEAN_CLASS' ) ? REDBEAN_OODBBEAN_CLASS : '\RedBeanPHP\OODBBean';
+        $beans = array();
+        for ( $i = 0; $i < $number; $i++ ) {
+            /** @var \RedBeanPHP\OODBBean $bean */
+            $bean = new $OODBBEAN;
+            $bean->initializeForDispense( $type, $this->oodb->getBeanHelper() );
+            $this->oodb->signal( 'dispense', $bean );
+            $beans[] = $bean;
+        }
+
+        return ( count( $beans ) === 1 && !$alwaysReturnArray ) ? array_pop( $beans ) : $beans;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a bean from the object database.
+     * It searches for a OODBBean Bean Object in the
+     * database. It does not matter how this bean has been stored.
+     * RedBean uses the primary key ID $id and the string $type
+     * to find the bean. The $type specifies what kind of bean you
+     * are looking for; this is the same type as used with the
+     * dispense() function. If RedBean finds the bean it will return
+     * the OODB Bean object; if it cannot find the bean
+     * RedBean will return a new bean of type $type and with
+     * primary key ID 0. In the latter case it acts basically the
+     * same as dispense().
+     *
+     * Important note:
+     * If the bean cannot be found in the database a new bean of
+     * the specified type will be generated and returned.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type type of bean you want to load
+     * @param integer $id   ID of the bean you want to load
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    public function load( $type, $id )
+    {
+        $rows = array();
+        $bean = $this->dispense( $type );
+        if ( isset( $this->stash[$this->nesting][$id] ) ) {
+            $row = $this->stash[$this->nesting][$id];
+        } else {
+            $rows = $this->writer->queryRecord( $type, array( 'id' => array( $id ) ) );
+            if ( !count( $rows ) ) {
+                return $bean;
+            }
+            $row = array_pop( $rows );
+        }
+        $bean->importRow( $row );
+        $this->nesting++;
+        $this->oodb->signal( 'open', $bean );
+        $this->nesting--;
+
+        return $bean->setMeta( 'tainted', FALSE );
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -9602,549 +9602,549 @@ 
  */
 class OODB extends Observable
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	private static $sqlFilters = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $chillList = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $stash = NULL;
-
-	/*
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    private static $sqlFilters = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $chillList = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $stash = NULL;
+
+    /*
 	 * @var integer
 	 */
-	protected $nesting = 0;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var DBAdapter
-	 */
-	protected $writer;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected $isFrozen = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var FacadeBeanHelper
-	 */
-	protected $beanhelper = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var AssociationManager
-	 */
-	protected $assocManager = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var Repository
-	 */
-	protected $repository = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var FrozenRepo
-	 */
-	protected $frozenRepository = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var FluidRepo
-	 */
-	protected $fluidRepository = NULL;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	protected static $autoClearHistoryAfterStore = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * If set to TRUE, this method will call clearHistory every time
-	 * the bean gets stored.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $autoClear auto clear option
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function autoClearHistoryAfterStore( $autoClear = TRUE )
-	{
-		self::$autoClearHistoryAfterStore = (boolean) $autoClear;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Unboxes a bean from a FUSE model if needed and checks whether the bean is
-	 * an instance of OODBBean.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean bean you wish to unbox
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	protected function unboxIfNeeded( $bean )
-	{
-		if ( $bean instanceof SimpleModel ) {
-			$bean = $bean->unbox();
-		}
-		if ( !( $bean instanceof OODBBean ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'OODB Store requires a bean, got: ' . gettype( $bean ) );
-		}
-
-		return $bean;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor, requires a query writer.
-	 * Most of the time, you do not need to use this constructor,
-	 * since the facade takes care of constructing and wiring the
-	 * RedBeanPHP core objects. However if you would like to
-	 * assemble an OODB instance yourself, this is how it works:
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
-	 * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
-	 * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
-	 * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
-	 * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
-	 * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
-	 * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
-	 * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
-	 * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
-	 * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
-	 * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
-	 *
-	 * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
-	 * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
-	 * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
-	 * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
-	 * object.
-	 *
-	 * @param QueryWriter   $writer writer
-	 * @param array|boolean $frozen mode of operation: TRUE (frozen), FALSE (default, fluid) or ARRAY (chilled)
-	 */
-	public function __construct( QueryWriter $writer, $frozen = FALSE )
-	{
-		if ( $writer instanceof QueryWriter ) {
-			$this->writer = $writer;
-		}
-
-		$this->freeze( $frozen );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles fluid or frozen mode. In fluid mode the database
-	 * structure is adjusted to accomodate your objects. In frozen mode
-	 * this is not the case.
-	 *
-	 * You can also pass an array containing a selection of frozen types.
-	 * Let's call this chilly mode, it's just like fluid mode except that
-	 * certain types (i.e. tables) aren't touched.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean|array $toggle TRUE if you want to use OODB instance in frozen mode
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function freeze( $toggle )
-	{
-		if ( is_array( $toggle ) ) {
-			$this->chillList = $toggle;
-			$this->isFrozen  = FALSE;
-		} else {
-			$this->isFrozen = (boolean) $toggle;
-		}
-
-		if ( $this->isFrozen ) {
-			if ( !$this->frozenRepository ) {
-				$this->frozenRepository = new FrozenRepo( $this, $this->writer );
-			}
-
-			$this->repository = $this->frozenRepository;
-
-		} else {
-			if ( !$this->fluidRepository ) {
-				$this->fluidRepository = new FluidRepo( $this, $this->writer );
-			}
-
-			$this->repository = $this->fluidRepository;
-		}
-
-		if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
-			AQueryWriter::setSQLFilters( self::$sqlFilters, ( !$this->isFrozen ) );
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the current mode of operation of RedBean.
-	 * In fluid mode the database
-	 * structure is adjusted to accomodate your objects.
-	 * In frozen mode
-	 * this is not the case.
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function isFrozen()
-	{
-		return (bool) $this->isFrozen;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Determines whether a type is in the chill list.
-	 * If a type is 'chilled' it's frozen, so its schema cannot be
-	 * changed anymore. However other bean types may still be modified.
-	 * This method is a convenience method for other objects to check if
-	 * the schema of a certain type is locked for modification.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type the type you wish to check
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function isChilled( $type )
-	{
-		return (boolean) ( in_array( $type, $this->chillList ) );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Dispenses a new bean (a OODBBean Bean Object)
-	 * of the specified type. Always
-	 * use this function to get an empty bean object. Never
-	 * instantiate a OODBBean yourself because it needs
-	 * to be configured before you can use it with RedBean. This
-	 * function applies the appropriate initialization /
-	 * configuration for you.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type              type of bean you want to dispense
-	 * @param string  $number            number of beans you would like to get
-	 * @param boolean $alwaysReturnArray if TRUE always returns the result as an array
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function dispense( $type, $number = 1, $alwaysReturnArray = FALSE )
-	{
-		if ( $number < 1 ) {
-			if ( $alwaysReturnArray ) return array();
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		return $this->repository->dispense( $type, $number, $alwaysReturnArray );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets bean helper to be given to beans.
-	 * Bean helpers assist beans in getting a reference to a toolbox.
-	 *
-	 * @param BeanHelper $beanhelper helper
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function setBeanHelper( BeanHelper $beanhelper )
-	{
-		$this->beanhelper = $beanhelper;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the current bean helper.
-	 * Bean helpers assist beans in getting a reference to a toolbox.
-	 *
-	 * @return BeanHelper
-	 */
-	public function getBeanHelper()
-	{
-		return $this->beanhelper;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks whether a OODBBean bean is valid.
-	 * If the type is not valid or the ID is not valid it will
-	 * throw an exception: Security.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean the bean that needs to be checked
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function check( OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		$this->repository->check( $bean );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Searches the database for a bean that matches conditions $conditions and sql $addSQL
-	 * and returns an array containing all the beans that have been found.
-	 *
-	 * Conditions need to take form:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array(
-	 *    'PROPERTY' => array( POSSIBLE VALUES... 'John', 'Steve' )
-	 *    'PROPERTY' => array( POSSIBLE VALUES... )
-	 * );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * All conditions are glued together using the AND-operator, while all value lists
-	 * are glued using IN-operators thus acting as OR-conditions.
-	 *
-	 * Note that you can use property names; the columns will be extracted using the
-	 * appropriate bean formatter.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type       type of beans you are looking for
-	 * @param array  $conditions list of conditions
-	 * @param string $sql        SQL to be used in query
-	 * @param array  $bindings   a list of values to bind to query parameters
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function find( $type, $conditions = array(), $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return $this->repository->find( $type, $conditions, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Same as find() but returns a BeanCollection.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     type of beans you are looking for
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL to be used in query
-	 * @param array  $bindings a list of values to bind to query parameters
-	 *
-	 * @return BeanCollection
-	 */
-	public function findCollection(  $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return $this->repository->findCollection( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks whether the specified table already exists in the database.
-	 * Not part of the Object Database interface!
-	 *
-	 * @deprecated Use AQueryWriter::typeExists() instead.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $table table name
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function tableExists( $table )
-	{
-		return $this->repository->tableExists( $table );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Stores a bean in the database. This method takes a
-	 * OODBBean Bean Object $bean and stores it
-	 * in the database. If the database schema is not compatible
-	 * with this bean and RedBean runs in fluid mode the schema
-	 * will be altered to store the bean correctly.
-	 * If the database schema is not compatible with this bean and
-	 * RedBean runs in frozen mode it will throw an exception.
-	 * This function returns the primary key ID of the inserted
-	 * bean.
-	 *
-	 * The return value is an integer if possible. If it is not possible to
-	 * represent the value as an integer a string will be returned. We use
-	 * explicit casts instead of functions to preserve performance
-	 * (0.13 vs 0.28 for 10000 iterations on Core i3).
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|SimpleModel $bean bean to store
-	 *
-	 * @return integer|string
-	 */
-	public function store( $bean )
-	{
-		$bean = $this->unboxIfNeeded( $bean );
-		$id = $this->repository->store( $bean );
-		if ( self::$autoClearHistoryAfterStore ) {
-				$bean->clearHistory();
-		}
-		return $id;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Loads a bean from the object database.
-	 * It searches for a OODBBean Bean Object in the
-	 * database. It does not matter how this bean has been stored.
-	 * RedBean uses the primary key ID $id and the string $type
-	 * to find the bean. The $type specifies what kind of bean you
-	 * are looking for; this is the same type as used with the
-	 * dispense() function. If RedBean finds the bean it will return
-	 * the OODB Bean object; if it cannot find the bean
-	 * RedBean will return a new bean of type $type and with
-	 * primary key ID 0. In the latter case it acts basically the
-	 * same as dispense().
-	 *
-	 * Important note:
-	 * If the bean cannot be found in the database a new bean of
-	 * the specified type will be generated and returned.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type type of bean you want to load
-	 * @param integer $id   ID of the bean you want to load
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function load( $type, $id )
-	{
-		return $this->repository->load( $type, $id );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Removes a bean from the database.
-	 * This function will remove the specified OODBBean
-	 * Bean Object from the database.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|SimpleModel $bean bean you want to remove from database
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function trash( $bean )
-	{
-		$bean = $this->unboxIfNeeded( $bean );
-		return $this->repository->trash( $bean );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns an array of beans. Pass a type and a series of ids and
-	 * this method will bring you the corresponding beans.
-	 *
-	 * important note: Because this method loads beans using the load()
-	 * function (but faster) it will return empty beans with ID 0 for
-	 * every bean that could not be located. The resulting beans will have the
-	 * passed IDs as their keys.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of beans
-	 * @param array  $ids  ids to load
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function batch( $type, $ids )
-	{
-		return $this->repository->batch( $type, $ids );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * This is a convenience method; it converts database rows
-	 * (arrays) into beans. Given a type and a set of rows this method
-	 * will return an array of beans of the specified type loaded with
-	 * the data fields provided by the result set from the database.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of beans you would like to have
-	 * @param array  $rows rows from the database result
-	 * @param string $mask mask to apply for meta data
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function convertToBeans( $type, $rows, $mask = NULL )
-	{
-		return $this->repository->convertToBeans( $type, $rows, $mask );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Counts the number of beans of type $type.
-	 * This method accepts a second argument to modify the count-query.
-	 * A third argument can be used to provide bindings for the SQL snippet.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     type of bean we are looking for
-	 * @param string $addSQL   additional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array  $bindings parameters to bind to SQL
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function count( $type, $addSQL = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return $this->repository->count( $type, $addSQL, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Trash all beans of a given type. Wipes an entire type of bean.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of bean you wish to delete all instances of
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function wipe( $type )
-	{
-		return $this->repository->wipe( $type );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns an Association Manager for use with OODB.
-	 * A simple getter function to obtain a reference to the association manager used for
-	 * storage and more.
-	 *
-	 * @return AssociationManager
-	 */
-	public function getAssociationManager()
-	{
-		if ( !isset( $this->assocManager ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'No association manager available.' );
-		}
-
-		return $this->assocManager;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the association manager instance to be used by this OODB.
-	 * A simple setter function to set the association manager to be used for storage and
-	 * more.
-	 *
-	 * @param AssociationManager $assocManager sets the association manager to be used
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function setAssociationManager( AssociationManager $assocManager )
-	{
-		$this->assocManager = $assocManager;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the currently used repository instance.
-	 * For testing purposes only.
-	 *
-	 * @return Repository
-	 */
-	public function getCurrentRepository()
-	{
-		return $this->repository;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Binds an SQL function to a column.
-	 * This method can be used to setup a decode/encode scheme or
-	 * perform UUID insertion. This method is especially useful for handling
-	 * MySQL spatial columns, because they need to be processed first using
-	 * the asText/GeomFromText functions.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $mode     mode to set function for, i.e. read or write
-	 * @param string $field    field (table.column) to bind SQL function to
-	 * @param string $function SQL function to bind to field
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function bindFunc( $mode, $field, $function )
-	{
-		list( $type, $property ) = explode( '.', $field );
-		$mode = ($mode === 'write') ? QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_WRITE : QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_READ;
-
-		if ( !isset( self::$sqlFilters[$mode] ) ) self::$sqlFilters[$mode] = array();
-		if ( !isset( self::$sqlFilters[$mode][$type] ) ) self::$sqlFilters[$mode][$type] = array();
-
-		if ( is_null( $function ) ) {
-			unset( self::$sqlFilters[$mode][$type][$property] );
-		} else {
-			if ($mode === QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_WRITE) {
-				self::$sqlFilters[$mode][$type][$property] = $function.'(?)';
-			} else {
-				self::$sqlFilters[$mode][$type][$property] = $function."($field)";
-			}
-		}
-
-		AQueryWriter::setSQLFilters( self::$sqlFilters, ( !$this->isFrozen ) );
-	}
+    protected $nesting = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @var DBAdapter
+     */
+    protected $writer;
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected $isFrozen = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * @var FacadeBeanHelper
+     */
+    protected $beanhelper = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var AssociationManager
+     */
+    protected $assocManager = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var Repository
+     */
+    protected $repository = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var FrozenRepo
+     */
+    protected $frozenRepository = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var FluidRepo
+     */
+    protected $fluidRepository = NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    protected static $autoClearHistoryAfterStore = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * If set to TRUE, this method will call clearHistory every time
+     * the bean gets stored.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $autoClear auto clear option
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function autoClearHistoryAfterStore( $autoClear = TRUE )
+    {
+        self::$autoClearHistoryAfterStore = (boolean) $autoClear;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unboxes a bean from a FUSE model if needed and checks whether the bean is
+     * an instance of OODBBean.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean bean you wish to unbox
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    protected function unboxIfNeeded( $bean )
+    {
+        if ( $bean instanceof SimpleModel ) {
+            $bean = $bean->unbox();
+        }
+        if ( !( $bean instanceof OODBBean ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'OODB Store requires a bean, got: ' . gettype( $bean ) );
+        }
+
+        return $bean;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor, requires a query writer.
+     * Most of the time, you do not need to use this constructor,
+     * since the facade takes care of constructing and wiring the
+     * RedBeanPHP core objects. However if you would like to
+     * assemble an OODB instance yourself, this is how it works:
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $database = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass );
+     * $adapter = new DBAdapter( $database );
+     * $writer = new PostgresWriter( $adapter );
+     * $oodb = new OODB( $writer, FALSE );
+     * $bean = $oodb->dispense( 'bean' );
+     * $bean->name = 'coffeeBean';
+     * $id = $oodb->store( $bean );
+     * $bean = $oodb->load( 'bean', $id );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above creates the 3 RedBeanPHP core objects:
+     * the Adapter, the Query Writer and the OODB instance and
+     * wires them together. The example also demonstrates some of
+     * the methods that can be used with OODB, as you see, they
+     * closely resemble their facade counterparts.
+     *
+     * The wiring process: create an RPDO instance using your database
+     * connection parameters. Create a database adapter from the RPDO
+     * object and pass that to the constructor of the writer. Next,
+     * create an OODB instance from the writer. Now you have an OODB
+     * object.
+     *
+     * @param QueryWriter   $writer writer
+     * @param array|boolean $frozen mode of operation: TRUE (frozen), FALSE (default, fluid) or ARRAY (chilled)
+     */
+    public function __construct( QueryWriter $writer, $frozen = FALSE )
+    {
+        if ( $writer instanceof QueryWriter ) {
+            $this->writer = $writer;
+        }
+
+        $this->freeze( $frozen );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles fluid or frozen mode. In fluid mode the database
+     * structure is adjusted to accomodate your objects. In frozen mode
+     * this is not the case.
+     *
+     * You can also pass an array containing a selection of frozen types.
+     * Let's call this chilly mode, it's just like fluid mode except that
+     * certain types (i.e. tables) aren't touched.
+     *
+     * @param boolean|array $toggle TRUE if you want to use OODB instance in frozen mode
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function freeze( $toggle )
+    {
+        if ( is_array( $toggle ) ) {
+            $this->chillList = $toggle;
+            $this->isFrozen  = FALSE;
+        } else {
+            $this->isFrozen = (boolean) $toggle;
+        }
+
+        if ( $this->isFrozen ) {
+            if ( !$this->frozenRepository ) {
+                $this->frozenRepository = new FrozenRepo( $this, $this->writer );
+            }
+
+            $this->repository = $this->frozenRepository;
+
+        } else {
+            if ( !$this->fluidRepository ) {
+                $this->fluidRepository = new FluidRepo( $this, $this->writer );
+            }
+
+            $this->repository = $this->fluidRepository;
+        }
+
+        if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
+            AQueryWriter::setSQLFilters( self::$sqlFilters, ( !$this->isFrozen ) );
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current mode of operation of RedBean.
+     * In fluid mode the database
+     * structure is adjusted to accomodate your objects.
+     * In frozen mode
+     * this is not the case.
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function isFrozen()
+    {
+        return (bool) $this->isFrozen;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether a type is in the chill list.
+     * If a type is 'chilled' it's frozen, so its schema cannot be
+     * changed anymore. However other bean types may still be modified.
+     * This method is a convenience method for other objects to check if
+     * the schema of a certain type is locked for modification.
+     *
+     * @param string $type the type you wish to check
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function isChilled( $type )
+    {
+        return (boolean) ( in_array( $type, $this->chillList ) );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dispenses a new bean (a OODBBean Bean Object)
+     * of the specified type. Always
+     * use this function to get an empty bean object. Never
+     * instantiate a OODBBean yourself because it needs
+     * to be configured before you can use it with RedBean. This
+     * function applies the appropriate initialization /
+     * configuration for you.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type              type of bean you want to dispense
+     * @param string  $number            number of beans you would like to get
+     * @param boolean $alwaysReturnArray if TRUE always returns the result as an array
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function dispense( $type, $number = 1, $alwaysReturnArray = FALSE )
+    {
+        if ( $number < 1 ) {
+            if ( $alwaysReturnArray ) return array();
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return $this->repository->dispense( $type, $number, $alwaysReturnArray );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets bean helper to be given to beans.
+     * Bean helpers assist beans in getting a reference to a toolbox.
+     *
+     * @param BeanHelper $beanhelper helper
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setBeanHelper( BeanHelper $beanhelper )
+    {
+        $this->beanhelper = $beanhelper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current bean helper.
+     * Bean helpers assist beans in getting a reference to a toolbox.
+     *
+     * @return BeanHelper
+     */
+    public function getBeanHelper()
+    {
+        return $this->beanhelper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether a OODBBean bean is valid.
+     * If the type is not valid or the ID is not valid it will
+     * throw an exception: Security.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean the bean that needs to be checked
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function check( OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        $this->repository->check( $bean );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Searches the database for a bean that matches conditions $conditions and sql $addSQL
+     * and returns an array containing all the beans that have been found.
+     *
+     * Conditions need to take form:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array(
+     *    'PROPERTY' => array( POSSIBLE VALUES... 'John', 'Steve' )
+     *    'PROPERTY' => array( POSSIBLE VALUES... )
+     * );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * All conditions are glued together using the AND-operator, while all value lists
+     * are glued using IN-operators thus acting as OR-conditions.
+     *
+     * Note that you can use property names; the columns will be extracted using the
+     * appropriate bean formatter.
+     *
+     * @param string $type       type of beans you are looking for
+     * @param array  $conditions list of conditions
+     * @param string $sql        SQL to be used in query
+     * @param array  $bindings   a list of values to bind to query parameters
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function find( $type, $conditions = array(), $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return $this->repository->find( $type, $conditions, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Same as find() but returns a BeanCollection.
+     *
+     * @param string $type     type of beans you are looking for
+     * @param string $sql      SQL to be used in query
+     * @param array  $bindings a list of values to bind to query parameters
+     *
+     * @return BeanCollection
+     */
+    public function findCollection(  $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return $this->repository->findCollection( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the specified table already exists in the database.
+     * Not part of the Object Database interface!
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use AQueryWriter::typeExists() instead.
+     *
+     * @param string $table table name
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function tableExists( $table )
+    {
+        return $this->repository->tableExists( $table );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores a bean in the database. This method takes a
+     * OODBBean Bean Object $bean and stores it
+     * in the database. If the database schema is not compatible
+     * with this bean and RedBean runs in fluid mode the schema
+     * will be altered to store the bean correctly.
+     * If the database schema is not compatible with this bean and
+     * RedBean runs in frozen mode it will throw an exception.
+     * This function returns the primary key ID of the inserted
+     * bean.
+     *
+     * The return value is an integer if possible. If it is not possible to
+     * represent the value as an integer a string will be returned. We use
+     * explicit casts instead of functions to preserve performance
+     * (0.13 vs 0.28 for 10000 iterations on Core i3).
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|SimpleModel $bean bean to store
+     *
+     * @return integer|string
+     */
+    public function store( $bean )
+    {
+        $bean = $this->unboxIfNeeded( $bean );
+        $id = $this->repository->store( $bean );
+        if ( self::$autoClearHistoryAfterStore ) {
+                $bean->clearHistory();
+        }
+        return $id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a bean from the object database.
+     * It searches for a OODBBean Bean Object in the
+     * database. It does not matter how this bean has been stored.
+     * RedBean uses the primary key ID $id and the string $type
+     * to find the bean. The $type specifies what kind of bean you
+     * are looking for; this is the same type as used with the
+     * dispense() function. If RedBean finds the bean it will return
+     * the OODB Bean object; if it cannot find the bean
+     * RedBean will return a new bean of type $type and with
+     * primary key ID 0. In the latter case it acts basically the
+     * same as dispense().
+     *
+     * Important note:
+     * If the bean cannot be found in the database a new bean of
+     * the specified type will be generated and returned.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type type of bean you want to load
+     * @param integer $id   ID of the bean you want to load
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function load( $type, $id )
+    {
+        return $this->repository->load( $type, $id );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a bean from the database.
+     * This function will remove the specified OODBBean
+     * Bean Object from the database.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|SimpleModel $bean bean you want to remove from database
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function trash( $bean )
+    {
+        $bean = $this->unboxIfNeeded( $bean );
+        return $this->repository->trash( $bean );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of beans. Pass a type and a series of ids and
+     * this method will bring you the corresponding beans.
+     *
+     * important note: Because this method loads beans using the load()
+     * function (but faster) it will return empty beans with ID 0 for
+     * every bean that could not be located. The resulting beans will have the
+     * passed IDs as their keys.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of beans
+     * @param array  $ids  ids to load
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function batch( $type, $ids )
+    {
+        return $this->repository->batch( $type, $ids );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This is a convenience method; it converts database rows
+     * (arrays) into beans. Given a type and a set of rows this method
+     * will return an array of beans of the specified type loaded with
+     * the data fields provided by the result set from the database.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of beans you would like to have
+     * @param array  $rows rows from the database result
+     * @param string $mask mask to apply for meta data
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function convertToBeans( $type, $rows, $mask = NULL )
+    {
+        return $this->repository->convertToBeans( $type, $rows, $mask );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Counts the number of beans of type $type.
+     * This method accepts a second argument to modify the count-query.
+     * A third argument can be used to provide bindings for the SQL snippet.
+     *
+     * @param string $type     type of bean we are looking for
+     * @param string $addSQL   additional SQL snippet
+     * @param array  $bindings parameters to bind to SQL
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function count( $type, $addSQL = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return $this->repository->count( $type, $addSQL, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Trash all beans of a given type. Wipes an entire type of bean.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of bean you wish to delete all instances of
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function wipe( $type )
+    {
+        return $this->repository->wipe( $type );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an Association Manager for use with OODB.
+     * A simple getter function to obtain a reference to the association manager used for
+     * storage and more.
+     *
+     * @return AssociationManager
+     */
+    public function getAssociationManager()
+    {
+        if ( !isset( $this->assocManager ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'No association manager available.' );
+        }
+
+        return $this->assocManager;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the association manager instance to be used by this OODB.
+     * A simple setter function to set the association manager to be used for storage and
+     * more.
+     *
+     * @param AssociationManager $assocManager sets the association manager to be used
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setAssociationManager( AssociationManager $assocManager )
+    {
+        $this->assocManager = $assocManager;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the currently used repository instance.
+     * For testing purposes only.
+     *
+     * @return Repository
+     */
+    public function getCurrentRepository()
+    {
+        return $this->repository;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Binds an SQL function to a column.
+     * This method can be used to setup a decode/encode scheme or
+     * perform UUID insertion. This method is especially useful for handling
+     * MySQL spatial columns, because they need to be processed first using
+     * the asText/GeomFromText functions.
+     *
+     * @param string $mode     mode to set function for, i.e. read or write
+     * @param string $field    field (table.column) to bind SQL function to
+     * @param string $function SQL function to bind to field
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function bindFunc( $mode, $field, $function )
+    {
+        list( $type, $property ) = explode( '.', $field );
+        $mode = ($mode === 'write') ? QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_WRITE : QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_READ;
+
+        if ( !isset( self::$sqlFilters[$mode] ) ) self::$sqlFilters[$mode] = array();
+        if ( !isset( self::$sqlFilters[$mode][$type] ) ) self::$sqlFilters[$mode][$type] = array();
+
+        if ( is_null( $function ) ) {
+            unset( self::$sqlFilters[$mode][$type][$property] );
+        } else {
+            if ($mode === QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_WRITE) {
+                self::$sqlFilters[$mode][$type][$property] = $function.'(?)';
+            } else {
+                self::$sqlFilters[$mode][$type][$property] = $function."($field)";
+            }
+        }
+
+        AQueryWriter::setSQLFilters( self::$sqlFilters, ( !$this->isFrozen ) );
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -10175,143 +10175,143 @@ 
  */
 class ToolBox
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var OODB
-	 */
-	protected $oodb;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var QueryWriter
-	 */
-	protected $writer;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var DBAdapter
-	 */
-	protected $adapter;
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor.
-	 * The toolbox is an integral part of RedBeanPHP providing the basic
-	 * architectural building blocks to manager objects, helpers and additional tools
-	 * like plugins. A toolbox contains the three core components of RedBeanPHP:
-	 * the adapter, the query writer and the core functionality of RedBeanPHP in
-	 * OODB.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $toolbox = new ToolBox( $oodb, $adapter, $writer );
-	 * $plugin  = new MyPlugin( $toolbox );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above illustrates how the toolbox is used.
-	 * The core objects are passed to the ToolBox constructor to
-	 * assemble a toolbox instance. The toolbox is then passed to
-	 * the plugin, helper or manager object. Instances of
-	 * TagManager, AssociationManager and so on are examples of
-	 * this, they all require a toolbox. The toolbox can also
-	 * be obtained from the facade using: R::getToolBox();
-	 *
-	 * @param OODB        $oodb    Object Database, OODB
-	 * @param DBAdapter   $adapter Database Adapter
-	 * @param QueryWriter $writer  Query Writer
-	 */
-	public function __construct( OODB $oodb, Adapter $adapter, QueryWriter $writer )
-	{
-		$this->oodb    = $oodb;
-		$this->adapter = $adapter;
-		$this->writer  = $writer;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the query writer in this toolbox.
-	 * The Query Writer is responsible for building the queries for a
-	 * specific database and executing them through the adapter.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $toolbox = R::getToolBox();
-	 * $redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
-	 * $adapter = $toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
-	 * $writer  = $toolbox->getWriter();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above illustrates how to obtain the core objects
-	 * from a toolbox instance. If you are working with the R-object
-	 * only, the following shortcuts exist as well:
-	 *
-	 * - R::getRedBean()
-	 * - R::getDatabaseAdapter()
-	 * - R::getWriter()
-	 *
-	 * @return QueryWriter
-	 */
-	public function getWriter()
-	{
-		return $this->writer;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the OODB instance in this toolbox.
-	 * OODB is responsible for creating, storing, retrieving and deleting
-	 * single beans. Other components rely
-	 * on OODB for their basic functionality.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $toolbox = R::getToolBox();
-	 * $redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
-	 * $adapter = $toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
-	 * $writer  = $toolbox->getWriter();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above illustrates how to obtain the core objects
-	 * from a toolbox instance. If you are working with the R-object
-	 * only, the following shortcuts exist as well:
-	 *
-	 * - R::getRedBean()
-	 * - R::getDatabaseAdapter()
-	 * - R::getWriter()
-	 *
-	 * @return OODB
-	 */
-	public function getRedBean()
-	{
-		return $this->oodb;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the database adapter in this toolbox.
-	 * The adapter is responsible for executing the query and binding the values.
-	 * The adapter also takes care of transaction handling.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $toolbox = R::getToolBox();
-	 * $redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
-	 * $adapter = $toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
-	 * $writer  = $toolbox->getWriter();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above illustrates how to obtain the core objects
-	 * from a toolbox instance. If you are working with the R-object
-	 * only, the following shortcuts exist as well:
-	 *
-	 * - R::getRedBean()
-	 * - R::getDatabaseAdapter()
-	 * - R::getWriter()
-	 *
-	 * @return DBAdapter
-	 */
-	public function getDatabaseAdapter()
-	{
-		return $this->adapter;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var OODB
+     */
+    protected $oodb;
+
+    /**
+     * @var QueryWriter
+     */
+    protected $writer;
+
+    /**
+     * @var DBAdapter
+     */
+    protected $adapter;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     * The toolbox is an integral part of RedBeanPHP providing the basic
+     * architectural building blocks to manager objects, helpers and additional tools
+     * like plugins. A toolbox contains the three core components of RedBeanPHP:
+     * the adapter, the query writer and the core functionality of RedBeanPHP in
+     * OODB.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $toolbox = new ToolBox( $oodb, $adapter, $writer );
+     * $plugin  = new MyPlugin( $toolbox );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above illustrates how the toolbox is used.
+     * The core objects are passed to the ToolBox constructor to
+     * assemble a toolbox instance. The toolbox is then passed to
+     * the plugin, helper or manager object. Instances of
+     * TagManager, AssociationManager and so on are examples of
+     * this, they all require a toolbox. The toolbox can also
+     * be obtained from the facade using: R::getToolBox();
+     *
+     * @param OODB        $oodb    Object Database, OODB
+     * @param DBAdapter   $adapter Database Adapter
+     * @param QueryWriter $writer  Query Writer
+     */
+    public function __construct( OODB $oodb, Adapter $adapter, QueryWriter $writer )
+    {
+        $this->oodb    = $oodb;
+        $this->adapter = $adapter;
+        $this->writer  = $writer;
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the query writer in this toolbox.
+     * The Query Writer is responsible for building the queries for a
+     * specific database and executing them through the adapter.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $toolbox = R::getToolBox();
+     * $redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
+     * $adapter = $toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
+     * $writer  = $toolbox->getWriter();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above illustrates how to obtain the core objects
+     * from a toolbox instance. If you are working with the R-object
+     * only, the following shortcuts exist as well:
+     *
+     * - R::getRedBean()
+     * - R::getDatabaseAdapter()
+     * - R::getWriter()
+     *
+     * @return QueryWriter
+     */
+    public function getWriter()
+    {
+        return $this->writer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the OODB instance in this toolbox.
+     * OODB is responsible for creating, storing, retrieving and deleting
+     * single beans. Other components rely
+     * on OODB for their basic functionality.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $toolbox = R::getToolBox();
+     * $redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
+     * $adapter = $toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
+     * $writer  = $toolbox->getWriter();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above illustrates how to obtain the core objects
+     * from a toolbox instance. If you are working with the R-object
+     * only, the following shortcuts exist as well:
+     *
+     * - R::getRedBean()
+     * - R::getDatabaseAdapter()
+     * - R::getWriter()
+     *
+     * @return OODB
+     */
+    public function getRedBean()
+    {
+        return $this->oodb;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the database adapter in this toolbox.
+     * The adapter is responsible for executing the query and binding the values.
+     * The adapter also takes care of transaction handling.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $toolbox = R::getToolBox();
+     * $redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
+     * $adapter = $toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
+     * $writer  = $toolbox->getWriter();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above illustrates how to obtain the core objects
+     * from a toolbox instance. If you are working with the R-object
+     * only, the following shortcuts exist as well:
+     *
+     * - R::getRedBean()
+     * - R::getDatabaseAdapter()
+     * - R::getWriter()
+     *
+     * @return DBAdapter
+     */
+    public function getDatabaseAdapter()
+    {
+        return $this->adapter;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -10336,456 +10336,456 @@ 
  */
 class Finder
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var ToolBox
-	 */
-	protected $toolbox;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var OODB
-	 */
-	protected $redbean;
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor.
-	 * The Finder requires a toolbox.
-	 *
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox
-	 */
-	public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
-	{
-		$this->toolbox = $toolbox;
-		$this->redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * A custom record-to-bean mapping function for findMulti.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $collection = R::findMulti( 'shop,product,price',
-	 * 'SELECT shop.*, product.*, price.* FROM shop
-	 *	LEFT JOIN product ON product.shop_id = shop.id
-	 *	LEFT JOIN price ON price.product_id = product.id', [], [
-	 *		Finder::map( 'shop', 'product' ),
-	 *		Finder::map( 'product', 'price' ),
-	 *	]);
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param string $parentName name of the parent bean
-	 * @param string $childName  name of the child bean
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function map($parentName,$childName) {
-		return array(
-			'a' => $parentName,
-			'b' => $childName,
-			'matcher' => function( $parent, $child ) use ( $parentName, $childName ) {
-				$propertyName = 'own' . ucfirst( $childName );
-				if (!isset($parent[$propertyName])) {
-					$parent->noLoad()->{$propertyName} = array();
-				}
-				$property = "{$parentName}ID";
-				return ( $child->$property == $parent->id );
-			},
-			'do' => function( $parent, $child ) use ( $childName ) {
-				$list = 'own'.ucfirst( $childName ).'List';
-				$parent->noLoad()->{$list}[$child->id] = $child;
-			}
-		);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	* A custom record-to-bean mapping function for findMulti.
-	*
-	* Usage:
-	*
-	* <code>
-	* $collection = R::findMulti( 'book,book_tag,tag',
-	* 'SELECT book.*, book_tag.*, tag.* FROM book
-	*      LEFT JOIN book_tag ON book_tag.book_id = book.id
-	*      LEFT JOIN tag ON book_tag.tag_id = tag.id', [], [
-	*              Finder::nmMap( 'book', 'tag' ),
-	*      ]);
-	* </code>
-	*
-	* @param string $parentName name of the parent bean
-	* @param string $childName  name of the child bean
-	*
-	* @return array
-	*/
-	public static function nmMap( $parentName, $childName )
-	{
-		$types = array($parentName, $childName);
-		sort( $types );
-		$link = implode( '_', $types );
-		return array(
-			'a' => $parentName,
-			'b' => $childName,
-			'matcher' => function( $parent, $child, $beans ) use ( $parentName, $childName, $link ) {
-				$propertyName = 'shared' . ucfirst( $childName );
-				if (!isset($parent[$propertyName])) {
-					$parent->noLoad()->{$propertyName} = array();
-				}
-				foreach( $beans[$link] as $linkBean ) {
-					if ( $linkBean["{$parentName}ID"] == $parent->id && $linkBean["{$childName}ID"] == $child->id ) {
-						return true;
-					}
-				}
-			},
-			'do' => function( $parent, $child ) use ( $childName ) {
-				$list = 'shared'.ucfirst( $childName ).'List';
-				$parent->noLoad()->{$list}[$child->id] = $child;
-			}
-		);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Finds a bean using a type and a where clause (SQL).
-	 * As with most Query tools in RedBean you can provide values to
-	 * be inserted in the SQL statement by populating the value
-	 * array parameter; you can either use the question mark notation
-	 * or the slot-notation (:keyname).
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     type   the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param string $sql      sql    SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function find( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		if ( !is_array( $bindings ) ) {
-			throw new RedException(
-				'Expected array, ' . gettype( $bindings ) . ' given.'
-			);
-		}
-
-		return $this->redbean->find( $type, array(), $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Like find() but also exports the beans as an array.
-	 * This method will perform a find-operation. For every bean
-	 * in the result collection this method will call the export() method.
-	 * This method returns an array containing the array representations
-	 * of every bean in the result set.
-	 *
-	 * @see Finder::find
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     type   the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param string $sql      sql    SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function findAndExport( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$arr = array();
-		foreach ( $this->find( $type, $sql, $bindings ) as $key => $item ) {
-			$arr[] = $item->export();
-		}
-
-		return $arr;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Like find() but returns just one bean instead of an array of beans.
-	 * This method will return only the first bean of the array.
-	 * If no beans are found, this method will return NULL.
-	 *
-	 * @see Finder::find
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     type   the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param string $sql      sql    SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean|NULL
-	 */
-	public function findOne( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$sql = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->glueLimitOne( $sql );
-
-		$items = $this->find( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-
-		if ( empty($items) ) {
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		return reset( $items );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Like find() but returns the last bean of the result array.
-	 * Opposite of Finder::findLast().
-	 * If no beans are found, this method will return NULL.
-	 *
-	 * @see Finder::find
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean|NULL
-	 */
-	public function findLast( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$items = $this->find( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-
-		if ( empty($items) ) {
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		return end( $items );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Tries to find beans of a certain type,
-	 * if no beans are found, it dispenses a bean of that type.
-	 * Note that this function always returns an array.
-	 *
-	 * @see Finder::find
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param  string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param  array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function findOrDispense( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$foundBeans = $this->find( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-
-		if ( empty( $foundBeans ) ) {
-			return array( $this->redbean->dispense( $type ) );
-		} else {
-			return $foundBeans;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Finds a BeanCollection using the repository.
-	 * A bean collection can be used to retrieve one bean at a time using
-	 * cursors - this is useful for processing large datasets. A bean collection
-	 * will not load all beans into memory all at once, just one at a time.
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param  string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param  array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return BeanCollection
-	 */
-	public function findCollection( $type, $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return $this->redbean->findCollection( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Finds or creates a bean.
-	 * Tries to find a bean with certain properties specified in the second
-	 * parameter ($like). If the bean is found, it will be returned.
-	 * If multiple beans are found, only the first will be returned.
-	 * If no beans match the criteria, a new bean will be dispensed,
-	 * the criteria will be imported as properties and this new bean
-	 * will be stored and returned.
-	 *
-	 * Format of criteria set: property => value
-	 * The criteria set also supports OR-conditions: property => array( value1, orValue2 )
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of bean to search for
-	 * @param array  $like criteria set describing bean to search for
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function findOrCreate( $type, $like = array(), $sql = '' )
-	{
-			$sql = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->glueLimitOne( $sql );
-			$beans = $this->findLike( $type, $like, $sql );
-			if ( count( $beans ) ) {
-				$bean = reset( $beans );
-				return $bean;
-			}
-
-			$bean = $this->redbean->dispense( $type );
-			$bean->import( $like );
-			$this->redbean->store( $bean );
-			return $bean;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Finds beans by its type and a certain criteria set.
-	 *
-	 * Format of criteria set: property => value
-	 * The criteria set also supports OR-conditions: property => array( value1, orValue2 )
-	 *
-	 * If the additional SQL is a condition, this condition will be glued to the rest
-	 * of the query using an AND operator. Note that this is as far as this method
-	 * can go, there is no way to glue additional SQL using an OR-condition.
-	 * This method provides access to an underlying mechanism in the RedBeanPHP architecture
-	 * to find beans using criteria sets. However, please do not use this method
-	 * for complex queries, use plain SQL instead ( the regular find method ) as it is
-	 * more suitable for the job. This method is
-	 * meant for basic search-by-example operations.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type       type of bean to search for
-	 * @param array  $conditions criteria set describing the bean to search for
-	 * @param string $sql        additional SQL (for sorting)
-	 * @param array  $bindings   bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function findLike( $type, $conditions = array(), $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return $this->redbean->find( $type, $conditions, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns a hashmap with bean arrays keyed by type using an SQL
-	 * query as its resource. Given an SQL query like 'SELECT movie.*, review.* FROM movie... JOIN review'
-	 * this method will return movie and review beans.
-	 *
-	 * Example:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $stuff = $finder->findMulti('movie,review', '
-	 *          SELECT movie.*, review.* FROM movie
-	 *          LEFT JOIN review ON review.movie_id = movie.id');
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * After this operation, $stuff will contain an entry 'movie' containing all
-	 * movies and an entry named 'review' containing all reviews (all beans).
-	 * You can also pass bindings.
-	 *
-	 * If you want to re-map your beans, so you can use $movie->ownReviewList without
-	 * having RedBeanPHP executing an SQL query you can use the fourth parameter to
-	 * define a selection of remapping closures.
-	 *
-	 * The remapping argument (optional) should contain an array of arrays.
-	 * Each array in the remapping array should contain the following entries:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array(
-	 * 	'a'       => TYPE A
-	 *    'b'       => TYPE B
-	 *    'matcher' => MATCHING FUNCTION ACCEPTING A, B and ALL BEANS
-	 *    'do'      => OPERATION FUNCTION ACCEPTING A, B, ALL BEANS, ALL REMAPPINGS
-	 * )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Using this mechanism you can build your own 'preloader' with tiny function
-	 * snippets (and those can be re-used and shared online of course).
-	 *
-	 * Example:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array(
-	 * 	'a'       => 'movie'     //define A as movie
-	 *    'b'       => 'review'    //define B as review
-	 *    'matcher' => function( $a, $b ) {
-	 *       return ( $b->movie_id == $a->id );  //Perform action if review.movie_id equals movie.id
-	 *    }
-	 *    'do'      => function( $a, $b ) {
-	 *       $a->noLoad()->ownReviewList[] = $b; //Add the review to the movie
-	 *       $a->clearHistory();                 //optional, act 'as if these beans have been loaded through ownReviewList'.
-	 *    }
-	 * )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The Query Template parameter is optional as well but can be used to
-	 * set a different SQL template (sprintf-style) for processing the original query.
-	 *
-	 * @note the SQL query provided IS NOT THE ONE used internally by this function,
-	 * this function will pre-process the query to get all the data required to find the beans.
-	 *
-	 * @note if you use the 'book.*' notation make SURE you're
-	 * selector starts with a SPACE. ' book.*' NOT ',book.*'. This is because
-	 * it's actually an SQL-like template SLOT, not real SQL.
-	 *
-	 * @note instead of an SQL query you can pass a result array as well.
-	 *
-	 * @param string|array $types         a list of types (either array or comma separated string)
-	 * @param string|array $sql           optional, an SQL query or an array of prefetched records
-	 * @param array        $bindings      optional, bindings for SQL query
-	 * @param array        $remappings    optional, an array of remapping arrays
-	 * @param string       $queryTemplate optional, query template
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function findMulti( $types, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array(), $remappings = array(), $queryTemplate = ' %s.%s AS %s__%s' )
-	{
-		if ( !is_array( $types ) ) $types = array_map( 'trim', explode( ',', $types ) );
-		if ( is_null( $sql ) ) {
-			$beans = array();
-			foreach( $types as $type ) $beans[$type] = $this->redbean->find( $type );
-		} else {
-			if ( !is_array( $sql ) ) {
-				$writer = $this->toolbox->getWriter();
-				$adapter = $this->toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
-
-				//Repair the query, replace book.* with book.id AS book_id etc..
-				foreach( $types as $type ) {
-					$regex = "#( (`?{$type}`?)\.\*)#";
-					if ( preg_match( $regex, $sql, $matches ) ) {
-						$pattern = $matches[1];
-						$table = $matches[2];
-						$newSelectorArray = array();
-						$columns = $writer->getColumns( $type );
-						foreach( $columns as $column => $definition ) {
-							$newSelectorArray[] = sprintf( $queryTemplate, $table, $column, $type, $column );
-						}
-						$newSelector = implode( ',', $newSelectorArray );
-						$sql = str_replace( $pattern, $newSelector, $sql );
-					}
-				}
-
-				$rows = $adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
-			} else {
-				$rows = $sql;
-			}
-
-			//Gather the bean data from the query results using the prefix
-			$wannaBeans = array();
-			foreach( $types as $type ) {
-				$wannaBeans[$type] = array();
-				$prefix            = "{$type}__";
-				foreach( $rows as $rowkey=>$row ) {
-					$wannaBean = array();
-					foreach( $row as $cell => $value ) {
-						if ( strpos( $cell, $prefix ) === 0 ) {
-							$property = substr( $cell, strlen( $prefix ) );
-							unset( $rows[$rowkey][$cell] );
-							$wannaBean[$property] = $value;
-						}
-					}
-					if ( !isset( $wannaBean['id'] ) ) continue;
-					if ( is_null( $wannaBean['id'] ) ) continue;
-					$wannaBeans[$type][$wannaBean['id']] = $wannaBean;
-				}
-			}
-
-			//Turn the rows into beans
-			$beans = array();
-			foreach( $wannaBeans as $type => $wannabees ) {
-				$beans[$type] = $this->redbean->convertToBeans( $type, $wannabees );
-			}
-		}
-
-		//Apply additional re-mappings
-		foreach($remappings as $remapping) {
-			$a       = $remapping['a'];
-			$b       = $remapping['b'];
-			$matcher = $remapping['matcher'];
-			$do      = $remapping['do'];
-			foreach( $beans[$a] as $bean ) {
-				foreach( $beans[$b] as $putBean ) {
-					if ( $matcher( $bean, $putBean, $beans ) ) $do( $bean, $putBean, $beans, $remapping );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		return $beans;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var ToolBox
+     */
+    protected $toolbox;
+
+    /**
+     * @var OODB
+     */
+    protected $redbean;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     * The Finder requires a toolbox.
+     *
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox
+     */
+    public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
+    {
+        $this->toolbox = $toolbox;
+        $this->redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A custom record-to-bean mapping function for findMulti.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $collection = R::findMulti( 'shop,product,price',
+     * 'SELECT shop.*, product.*, price.* FROM shop
+     *	LEFT JOIN product ON product.shop_id = shop.id
+     *	LEFT JOIN price ON price.product_id = product.id', [], [
+     *		Finder::map( 'shop', 'product' ),
+     *		Finder::map( 'product', 'price' ),
+     *	]);
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param string $parentName name of the parent bean
+     * @param string $childName  name of the child bean
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function map($parentName,$childName) {
+        return array(
+            'a' => $parentName,
+            'b' => $childName,
+            'matcher' => function( $parent, $child ) use ( $parentName, $childName ) {
+                $propertyName = 'own' . ucfirst( $childName );
+                if (!isset($parent[$propertyName])) {
+                    $parent->noLoad()->{$propertyName} = array();
+                }
+                $property = "{$parentName}ID";
+                return ( $child->$property == $parent->id );
+            },
+            'do' => function( $parent, $child ) use ( $childName ) {
+                $list = 'own'.ucfirst( $childName ).'List';
+                $parent->noLoad()->{$list}[$child->id] = $child;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A custom record-to-bean mapping function for findMulti.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $collection = R::findMulti( 'book,book_tag,tag',
+     * 'SELECT book.*, book_tag.*, tag.* FROM book
+     *      LEFT JOIN book_tag ON book_tag.book_id = book.id
+     *      LEFT JOIN tag ON book_tag.tag_id = tag.id', [], [
+     *              Finder::nmMap( 'book', 'tag' ),
+     *      ]);
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param string $parentName name of the parent bean
+     * @param string $childName  name of the child bean
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function nmMap( $parentName, $childName )
+    {
+        $types = array($parentName, $childName);
+        sort( $types );
+        $link = implode( '_', $types );
+        return array(
+            'a' => $parentName,
+            'b' => $childName,
+            'matcher' => function( $parent, $child, $beans ) use ( $parentName, $childName, $link ) {
+                $propertyName = 'shared' . ucfirst( $childName );
+                if (!isset($parent[$propertyName])) {
+                    $parent->noLoad()->{$propertyName} = array();
+                }
+                foreach( $beans[$link] as $linkBean ) {
+                    if ( $linkBean["{$parentName}ID"] == $parent->id && $linkBean["{$childName}ID"] == $child->id ) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            'do' => function( $parent, $child ) use ( $childName ) {
+                $list = 'shared'.ucfirst( $childName ).'List';
+                $parent->noLoad()->{$list}[$child->id] = $child;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds a bean using a type and a where clause (SQL).
+     * As with most Query tools in RedBean you can provide values to
+     * be inserted in the SQL statement by populating the value
+     * array parameter; you can either use the question mark notation
+     * or the slot-notation (:keyname).
+     *
+     * @param string $type     type   the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param string $sql      sql    SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function find( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        if ( !is_array( $bindings ) ) {
+            throw new RedException(
+                'Expected array, ' . gettype( $bindings ) . ' given.'
+            );
+        }
+
+        return $this->redbean->find( $type, array(), $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like find() but also exports the beans as an array.
+     * This method will perform a find-operation. For every bean
+     * in the result collection this method will call the export() method.
+     * This method returns an array containing the array representations
+     * of every bean in the result set.
+     *
+     * @see Finder::find
+     *
+     * @param string $type     type   the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param string $sql      sql    SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function findAndExport( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $arr = array();
+        foreach ( $this->find( $type, $sql, $bindings ) as $key => $item ) {
+            $arr[] = $item->export();
+        }
+
+        return $arr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like find() but returns just one bean instead of an array of beans.
+     * This method will return only the first bean of the array.
+     * If no beans are found, this method will return NULL.
+     *
+     * @see Finder::find
+     *
+     * @param string $type     type   the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param string $sql      sql    SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean|NULL
+     */
+    public function findOne( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $sql = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->glueLimitOne( $sql );
+
+        $items = $this->find( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+
+        if ( empty($items) ) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return reset( $items );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like find() but returns the last bean of the result array.
+     * Opposite of Finder::findLast().
+     * If no beans are found, this method will return NULL.
+     *
+     * @see Finder::find
+     *
+     * @param string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean|NULL
+     */
+    public function findLast( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $items = $this->find( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+
+        if ( empty($items) ) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return end( $items );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to find beans of a certain type,
+     * if no beans are found, it dispenses a bean of that type.
+     * Note that this function always returns an array.
+     *
+     * @see Finder::find
+     *
+     * @param  string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param  string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param  array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function findOrDispense( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $foundBeans = $this->find( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+
+        if ( empty( $foundBeans ) ) {
+            return array( $this->redbean->dispense( $type ) );
+        } else {
+            return $foundBeans;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds a BeanCollection using the repository.
+     * A bean collection can be used to retrieve one bean at a time using
+     * cursors - this is useful for processing large datasets. A bean collection
+     * will not load all beans into memory all at once, just one at a time.
+     *
+     * @param  string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param  string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param  array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return BeanCollection
+     */
+    public function findCollection( $type, $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return $this->redbean->findCollection( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds or creates a bean.
+     * Tries to find a bean with certain properties specified in the second
+     * parameter ($like). If the bean is found, it will be returned.
+     * If multiple beans are found, only the first will be returned.
+     * If no beans match the criteria, a new bean will be dispensed,
+     * the criteria will be imported as properties and this new bean
+     * will be stored and returned.
+     *
+     * Format of criteria set: property => value
+     * The criteria set also supports OR-conditions: property => array( value1, orValue2 )
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of bean to search for
+     * @param array  $like criteria set describing bean to search for
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function findOrCreate( $type, $like = array(), $sql = '' )
+    {
+            $sql = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->glueLimitOne( $sql );
+            $beans = $this->findLike( $type, $like, $sql );
+            if ( count( $beans ) ) {
+                $bean = reset( $beans );
+                return $bean;
+            }
+
+            $bean = $this->redbean->dispense( $type );
+            $bean->import( $like );
+            $this->redbean->store( $bean );
+            return $bean;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds beans by its type and a certain criteria set.
+     *
+     * Format of criteria set: property => value
+     * The criteria set also supports OR-conditions: property => array( value1, orValue2 )
+     *
+     * If the additional SQL is a condition, this condition will be glued to the rest
+     * of the query using an AND operator. Note that this is as far as this method
+     * can go, there is no way to glue additional SQL using an OR-condition.
+     * This method provides access to an underlying mechanism in the RedBeanPHP architecture
+     * to find beans using criteria sets. However, please do not use this method
+     * for complex queries, use plain SQL instead ( the regular find method ) as it is
+     * more suitable for the job. This method is
+     * meant for basic search-by-example operations.
+     *
+     * @param string $type       type of bean to search for
+     * @param array  $conditions criteria set describing the bean to search for
+     * @param string $sql        additional SQL (for sorting)
+     * @param array  $bindings   bindings
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function findLike( $type, $conditions = array(), $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return $this->redbean->find( $type, $conditions, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a hashmap with bean arrays keyed by type using an SQL
+     * query as its resource. Given an SQL query like 'SELECT movie.*, review.* FROM movie... JOIN review'
+     * this method will return movie and review beans.
+     *
+     * Example:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $stuff = $finder->findMulti('movie,review', '
+     *          SELECT movie.*, review.* FROM movie
+     *          LEFT JOIN review ON review.movie_id = movie.id');
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * After this operation, $stuff will contain an entry 'movie' containing all
+     * movies and an entry named 'review' containing all reviews (all beans).
+     * You can also pass bindings.
+     *
+     * If you want to re-map your beans, so you can use $movie->ownReviewList without
+     * having RedBeanPHP executing an SQL query you can use the fourth parameter to
+     * define a selection of remapping closures.
+     *
+     * The remapping argument (optional) should contain an array of arrays.
+     * Each array in the remapping array should contain the following entries:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array(
+     * 	'a'       => TYPE A
+     *    'b'       => TYPE B
+     *    'matcher' => MATCHING FUNCTION ACCEPTING A, B and ALL BEANS
+     *    'do'      => OPERATION FUNCTION ACCEPTING A, B, ALL BEANS, ALL REMAPPINGS
+     * )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Using this mechanism you can build your own 'preloader' with tiny function
+     * snippets (and those can be re-used and shared online of course).
+     *
+     * Example:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array(
+     * 	'a'       => 'movie'     //define A as movie
+     *    'b'       => 'review'    //define B as review
+     *    'matcher' => function( $a, $b ) {
+     *       return ( $b->movie_id == $a->id );  //Perform action if review.movie_id equals movie.id
+     *    }
+     *    'do'      => function( $a, $b ) {
+     *       $a->noLoad()->ownReviewList[] = $b; //Add the review to the movie
+     *       $a->clearHistory();                 //optional, act 'as if these beans have been loaded through ownReviewList'.
+     *    }
+     * )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The Query Template parameter is optional as well but can be used to
+     * set a different SQL template (sprintf-style) for processing the original query.
+     *
+     * @note the SQL query provided IS NOT THE ONE used internally by this function,
+     * this function will pre-process the query to get all the data required to find the beans.
+     *
+     * @note if you use the 'book.*' notation make SURE you're
+     * selector starts with a SPACE. ' book.*' NOT ',book.*'. This is because
+     * it's actually an SQL-like template SLOT, not real SQL.
+     *
+     * @note instead of an SQL query you can pass a result array as well.
+     *
+     * @param string|array $types         a list of types (either array or comma separated string)
+     * @param string|array $sql           optional, an SQL query or an array of prefetched records
+     * @param array        $bindings      optional, bindings for SQL query
+     * @param array        $remappings    optional, an array of remapping arrays
+     * @param string       $queryTemplate optional, query template
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function findMulti( $types, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array(), $remappings = array(), $queryTemplate = ' %s.%s AS %s__%s' )
+    {
+        if ( !is_array( $types ) ) $types = array_map( 'trim', explode( ',', $types ) );
+        if ( is_null( $sql ) ) {
+            $beans = array();
+            foreach( $types as $type ) $beans[$type] = $this->redbean->find( $type );
+        } else {
+            if ( !is_array( $sql ) ) {
+                $writer = $this->toolbox->getWriter();
+                $adapter = $this->toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
+
+                //Repair the query, replace book.* with book.id AS book_id etc..
+                foreach( $types as $type ) {
+                    $regex = "#( (`?{$type}`?)\.\*)#";
+                    if ( preg_match( $regex, $sql, $matches ) ) {
+                        $pattern = $matches[1];
+                        $table = $matches[2];
+                        $newSelectorArray = array();
+                        $columns = $writer->getColumns( $type );
+                        foreach( $columns as $column => $definition ) {
+                            $newSelectorArray[] = sprintf( $queryTemplate, $table, $column, $type, $column );
+                        }
+                        $newSelector = implode( ',', $newSelectorArray );
+                        $sql = str_replace( $pattern, $newSelector, $sql );
+                    }
+                }
+
+                $rows = $adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
+            } else {
+                $rows = $sql;
+            }
+
+            //Gather the bean data from the query results using the prefix
+            $wannaBeans = array();
+            foreach( $types as $type ) {
+                $wannaBeans[$type] = array();
+                $prefix            = "{$type}__";
+                foreach( $rows as $rowkey=>$row ) {
+                    $wannaBean = array();
+                    foreach( $row as $cell => $value ) {
+                        if ( strpos( $cell, $prefix ) === 0 ) {
+                            $property = substr( $cell, strlen( $prefix ) );
+                            unset( $rows[$rowkey][$cell] );
+                            $wannaBean[$property] = $value;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if ( !isset( $wannaBean['id'] ) ) continue;
+                    if ( is_null( $wannaBean['id'] ) ) continue;
+                    $wannaBeans[$type][$wannaBean['id']] = $wannaBean;
+                }
+            }
+
+            //Turn the rows into beans
+            $beans = array();
+            foreach( $wannaBeans as $type => $wannabees ) {
+                $beans[$type] = $this->redbean->convertToBeans( $type, $wannabees );
+            }
+        }
+
+        //Apply additional re-mappings
+        foreach($remappings as $remapping) {
+            $a       = $remapping['a'];
+            $b       = $remapping['b'];
+            $matcher = $remapping['matcher'];
+            $do      = $remapping['do'];
+            foreach( $beans[$a] as $bean ) {
+                foreach( $beans[$b] as $putBean ) {
+                    if ( $matcher( $bean, $putBean, $beans ) ) $do( $bean, $putBean, $beans, $remapping );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return $beans;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -10814,339 +10814,339 @@ 
  */
 class AssociationManager extends Observable
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var OODB
-	 */
-	protected $oodb;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var DBAdapter
-	 */
-	protected $adapter;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var QueryWriter
-	 */
-	protected $writer;
-
-	/**
-	 * Exception handler.
-	 * Fluid and Frozen mode have different ways of handling
-	 * exceptions. Fluid mode (using the fluid repository) ignores
-	 * exceptions caused by the following:
-	 *
-	 * - missing tables
-	 * - missing column
-	 *
-	 * In these situations, the repository will behave as if
-	 * no beans could be found. This is because in fluid mode
-	 * it might happen to query a table or column that has not been
-	 * created yet. In frozen mode, this is not supposed to happen
-	 * and the corresponding exceptions will be thrown.
-	 *
-	 * @param \Exception $exception exception
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	private function handleException( \Exception $exception )
-	{
-		if ( $this->oodb->isFrozen() || !$this->writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(),
-			array(
-				QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE,
-				QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN ),
-				$exception->getDriverDetails()
-			)
-		) {
-			throw $exception;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Internal method.
-	 * Returns the many-to-many related rows of table $type for bean $bean using additional SQL in $sql and
-	 * $bindings bindings. If $getLinks is TRUE, link rows are returned instead.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean     reference bean instance
-	 * @param string   $type     target bean type
-	 * @param string   $sql      additional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array    $bindings bindings for query
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	private function relatedRows( $bean, $type, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$ids = array( $bean->id );
-		$sourceType = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-		try {
-			return $this->writer->queryRecordRelated( $sourceType, $type, $ids, $sql, $bindings );
-		} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-			$this->handleException( $exception );
-			return array();
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Associates a pair of beans. This method associates two beans, no matter
-	 * what types. Accepts a base bean that contains data for the linking record.
-	 * This method is used by associate. This method also accepts a base bean to be used
-	 * as the template for the link record in the database.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean1 first bean
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean2 second bean
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean  base bean (association record)
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	protected function associateBeans( OODBBean $bean1, OODBBean $bean2, OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		$type      = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-		$property1 = $bean1->getMeta( 'type' ) . '_id';
-		$property2 = $bean2->getMeta( 'type' ) . '_id';
-
-		if ( $property1 == $property2 ) {
-			$property2 = $bean2->getMeta( 'type' ) . '2_id';
-		}
-
-		$this->oodb->store( $bean1 );
-		$this->oodb->store( $bean2 );
-
-		$bean->setMeta( "cast.$property1", "id" );
-		$bean->setMeta( "cast.$property2", "id" );
-		$bean->setMeta( 'sys.buildcommand.unique', array( $property1, $property2 ) );
-
-		$bean->$property1 = $bean1->id;
-		$bean->$property2 = $bean2->id;
-
-		$results   = array();
-
-		try {
-			$id = $this->oodb->store( $bean );
-			$results[] = $id;
-		} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-			if ( !$this->writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(),
-				array( QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION ),
-				$exception->getDriverDetails() )
-			) {
-				throw $exception;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return $results;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor, creates a new instance of the Association Manager.
-	 * The association manager can be used to create and manage
-	 * many-to-many relations (for example sharedLists). In a many-to-many relation,
-	 * one bean can be associated with many other beans, while each of those beans
-	 * can also be related to multiple beans. To create an Association Manager
-	 * instance you'll need to pass a ToolBox object.
-	 *
-	 * @param ToolBox $tools toolbox supplying core RedBeanPHP objects
-	 */
-	public function __construct( ToolBox $tools )
-	{
-		$this->oodb    = $tools->getRedBean();
-		$this->adapter = $tools->getDatabaseAdapter();
-		$this->writer  = $tools->getWriter();
-		$this->toolbox = $tools;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Creates a table name based on a types array.
-	 * Manages the get the correct name for the linking table for the
-	 * types provided.
-	 *
-	 * @param array $types 2 types as strings
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function getTable( $types )
-	{
-		return $this->writer->getAssocTable( $types );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Associates two beans in a many-to-many relation.
-	 * This method will associate two beans and store the connection between the
-	 * two in a link table. Instead of two single beans this method also accepts
-	 * two sets of beans. Returns the ID or the IDs of the linking beans.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|array $beans1 one or more beans to form the association
-	 * @param OODBBean|array $beans2 one or more beans to form the association
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function associate( $beans1, $beans2 )
-	{
-		if ( !is_array( $beans1 ) ) {
-			$beans1 = array( $beans1 );
-		}
-
-		if ( !is_array( $beans2 ) ) {
-			$beans2 = array( $beans2 );
-		}
-
-		$results = array();
-		foreach ( $beans1 as $bean1 ) {
-			foreach ( $beans2 as $bean2 ) {
-				$table     = $this->getTable( array( $bean1->getMeta( 'type' ), $bean2->getMeta( 'type' ) ) );
-				$bean      = $this->oodb->dispense( $table );
-				$results[] = $this->associateBeans( $bean1, $bean2, $bean );
-			}
-		}
-
-		return ( count( $results ) > 1 ) ? $results : reset( $results );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Counts the number of related beans in an N-M relation.
-	 * This method returns the number of beans of type $type associated
-	 * with reference bean(s) $bean. The query can be tuned using an
-	 * SQL snippet for additional filtering.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|array $bean     a bean object or an array of beans
-	 * @param string         $type     type of bean you're interested in
-	 * @param string         $sql      SQL snippet (optional)
-	 * @param array          $bindings bindings for your SQL string
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function relatedCount( $bean, $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		if ( !( $bean instanceof OODBBean ) ) {
-			throw new RedException(
-				'Expected array or OODBBean but got:' . gettype( $bean )
-			);
-		}
-
-		if ( !$bean->id ) {
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$beanType = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-
-		try {
-			return $this->writer->queryRecordCountRelated( $beanType, $type, $bean->id, $sql, $bindings );
-		} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-			$this->handleException( $exception );
-
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Breaks the association between two beans. This method unassociates two beans. If the
-	 * method succeeds the beans will no longer form an association. In the database
-	 * this means that the association record will be removed. This method uses the
-	 * OODB trash() method to remove the association links, thus giving FUSE models the
-	 * opportunity to hook-in additional business logic. If the $fast parameter is
-	 * set to boolean TRUE this method will remove the beans without their consent,
-	 * bypassing FUSE. This can be used to improve performance.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $beans1 first bean in target association
-	 * @param OODBBean $beans2 second bean in target association
-	 * @param boolean  $fast  if TRUE, removes the entries by query without FUSE
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function unassociate( $beans1, $beans2, $fast = NULL )
-	{
-		$beans1 = ( !is_array( $beans1 ) ) ? array( $beans1 ) : $beans1;
-		$beans2 = ( !is_array( $beans2 ) ) ? array( $beans2 ) : $beans2;
-
-		foreach ( $beans1 as $bean1 ) {
-			foreach ( $beans2 as $bean2 ) {
-				try {
-					$this->oodb->store( $bean1 );
-					$this->oodb->store( $bean2 );
-
-					$type1 = $bean1->getMeta( 'type' );
-					$type2 = $bean2->getMeta( 'type' );
-
-					$row      = $this->writer->queryRecordLink( $type1, $type2, $bean1->id, $bean2->id );
-					$linkType = $this->getTable( array( $type1, $type2 ) );
-
-					if ( $fast ) {
-						$this->writer->deleteRecord( $linkType, array( 'id' => $row['id'] ) );
-
-						return;
-					}
-
-					$beans = $this->oodb->convertToBeans( $linkType, array( $row ) );
-
-					if ( count( $beans ) > 0 ) {
-						$bean = reset( $beans );
-						$this->oodb->trash( $bean );
-					}
-				} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-					$this->handleException( $exception );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Removes all relations for a bean. This method breaks every connection between
-	 * a certain bean $bean and every other bean of type $type. Warning: this method
-	 * is really fast because it uses a direct SQL query however it does not inform the
-	 * models about this. If you want to notify FUSE models about deletion use a foreach-loop
-	 * with unassociate() instead. (that might be slower though)
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean reference bean
-	 * @param string   $type type of beans that need to be unassociated
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function clearRelations( OODBBean $bean, $type )
-	{
-		$this->oodb->store( $bean );
-		try {
-			$this->writer->deleteRelations( $bean->getMeta( 'type' ), $type, $bean->id );
-		} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-			$this->handleException( $exception );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns all the beans associated with $bean.
-	 * This method will return an array containing all the beans that have
-	 * been associated once with the associate() function and are still
-	 * associated with the bean specified. The type parameter indicates the
-	 * type of beans you are looking for. You can also pass some extra SQL and
-	 * values for that SQL to filter your results after fetching the
-	 * related beans.
-	 *
-	 * Don't try to make use of subqueries, a subquery using IN() seems to
-	 * be slower than two queries!
-	 *
-	 * Since 3.2, you can now also pass an array of beans instead just one
-	 * bean as the first parameter.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|array $bean the bean you have
-	 * @param string         $type      the type of beans you want
-	 * @param string         $sql       SQL snippet for extra filtering
-	 * @param array          $bindings  values to be inserted in SQL slots
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function related( $bean, $type, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$sql   = $this->writer->glueSQLCondition( $sql );
-		$rows  = $this->relatedRows( $bean, $type, $sql, $bindings );
-		$links = array();
-
-		foreach ( $rows as $key => $row ) {
-			if ( !isset( $links[$row['id']] ) ) $links[$row['id']] = array();
-			$links[$row['id']][] = $row['linked_by'];
-			unset( $rows[$key]['linked_by'] );
-		}
-
-		$beans = $this->oodb->convertToBeans( $type, $rows );
-		foreach ( $beans as $bean ) $bean->setMeta( 'sys.belongs-to', $links[$bean->id] );
-
-		return $beans;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var OODB
+     */
+    protected $oodb;
+
+    /**
+     * @var DBAdapter
+     */
+    protected $adapter;
+
+    /**
+     * @var QueryWriter
+     */
+    protected $writer;
+
+    /**
+     * Exception handler.
+     * Fluid and Frozen mode have different ways of handling
+     * exceptions. Fluid mode (using the fluid repository) ignores
+     * exceptions caused by the following:
+     *
+     * - missing tables
+     * - missing column
+     *
+     * In these situations, the repository will behave as if
+     * no beans could be found. This is because in fluid mode
+     * it might happen to query a table or column that has not been
+     * created yet. In frozen mode, this is not supposed to happen
+     * and the corresponding exceptions will be thrown.
+     *
+     * @param \Exception $exception exception
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    private function handleException( \Exception $exception )
+    {
+        if ( $this->oodb->isFrozen() || !$this->writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(),
+            array(
+                QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE,
+                QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN ),
+                $exception->getDriverDetails()
+            )
+        ) {
+            throw $exception;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Internal method.
+     * Returns the many-to-many related rows of table $type for bean $bean using additional SQL in $sql and
+     * $bindings bindings. If $getLinks is TRUE, link rows are returned instead.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean     reference bean instance
+     * @param string   $type     target bean type
+     * @param string   $sql      additional SQL snippet
+     * @param array    $bindings bindings for query
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    private function relatedRows( $bean, $type, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $ids = array( $bean->id );
+        $sourceType = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+        try {
+            return $this->writer->queryRecordRelated( $sourceType, $type, $ids, $sql, $bindings );
+        } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+            $this->handleException( $exception );
+            return array();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Associates a pair of beans. This method associates two beans, no matter
+     * what types. Accepts a base bean that contains data for the linking record.
+     * This method is used by associate. This method also accepts a base bean to be used
+     * as the template for the link record in the database.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean1 first bean
+     * @param OODBBean $bean2 second bean
+     * @param OODBBean $bean  base bean (association record)
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    protected function associateBeans( OODBBean $bean1, OODBBean $bean2, OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        $type      = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+        $property1 = $bean1->getMeta( 'type' ) . '_id';
+        $property2 = $bean2->getMeta( 'type' ) . '_id';
+
+        if ( $property1 == $property2 ) {
+            $property2 = $bean2->getMeta( 'type' ) . '2_id';
+        }
+
+        $this->oodb->store( $bean1 );
+        $this->oodb->store( $bean2 );
+
+        $bean->setMeta( "cast.$property1", "id" );
+        $bean->setMeta( "cast.$property2", "id" );
+        $bean->setMeta( 'sys.buildcommand.unique', array( $property1, $property2 ) );
+
+        $bean->$property1 = $bean1->id;
+        $bean->$property2 = $bean2->id;
+
+        $results   = array();
+
+        try {
+            $id = $this->oodb->store( $bean );
+            $results[] = $id;
+        } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+            if ( !$this->writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(),
+                array( QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION ),
+                $exception->getDriverDetails() )
+            ) {
+                throw $exception;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $results;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor, creates a new instance of the Association Manager.
+     * The association manager can be used to create and manage
+     * many-to-many relations (for example sharedLists). In a many-to-many relation,
+     * one bean can be associated with many other beans, while each of those beans
+     * can also be related to multiple beans. To create an Association Manager
+     * instance you'll need to pass a ToolBox object.
+     *
+     * @param ToolBox $tools toolbox supplying core RedBeanPHP objects
+     */
+    public function __construct( ToolBox $tools )
+    {
+        $this->oodb    = $tools->getRedBean();
+        $this->adapter = $tools->getDatabaseAdapter();
+        $this->writer  = $tools->getWriter();
+        $this->toolbox = $tools;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a table name based on a types array.
+     * Manages the get the correct name for the linking table for the
+     * types provided.
+     *
+     * @param array $types 2 types as strings
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getTable( $types )
+    {
+        return $this->writer->getAssocTable( $types );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Associates two beans in a many-to-many relation.
+     * This method will associate two beans and store the connection between the
+     * two in a link table. Instead of two single beans this method also accepts
+     * two sets of beans. Returns the ID or the IDs of the linking beans.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|array $beans1 one or more beans to form the association
+     * @param OODBBean|array $beans2 one or more beans to form the association
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function associate( $beans1, $beans2 )
+    {
+        if ( !is_array( $beans1 ) ) {
+            $beans1 = array( $beans1 );
+        }
+
+        if ( !is_array( $beans2 ) ) {
+            $beans2 = array( $beans2 );
+        }
+
+        $results = array();
+        foreach ( $beans1 as $bean1 ) {
+            foreach ( $beans2 as $bean2 ) {
+                $table     = $this->getTable( array( $bean1->getMeta( 'type' ), $bean2->getMeta( 'type' ) ) );
+                $bean      = $this->oodb->dispense( $table );
+                $results[] = $this->associateBeans( $bean1, $bean2, $bean );
+            }
+        }
+
+        return ( count( $results ) > 1 ) ? $results : reset( $results );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Counts the number of related beans in an N-M relation.
+     * This method returns the number of beans of type $type associated
+     * with reference bean(s) $bean. The query can be tuned using an
+     * SQL snippet for additional filtering.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|array $bean     a bean object or an array of beans
+     * @param string         $type     type of bean you're interested in
+     * @param string         $sql      SQL snippet (optional)
+     * @param array          $bindings bindings for your SQL string
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function relatedCount( $bean, $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        if ( !( $bean instanceof OODBBean ) ) {
+            throw new RedException(
+                'Expected array or OODBBean but got:' . gettype( $bean )
+            );
+        }
+
+        if ( !$bean->id ) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        $beanType = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+
+        try {
+            return $this->writer->queryRecordCountRelated( $beanType, $type, $bean->id, $sql, $bindings );
+        } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+            $this->handleException( $exception );
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Breaks the association between two beans. This method unassociates two beans. If the
+     * method succeeds the beans will no longer form an association. In the database
+     * this means that the association record will be removed. This method uses the
+     * OODB trash() method to remove the association links, thus giving FUSE models the
+     * opportunity to hook-in additional business logic. If the $fast parameter is
+     * set to boolean TRUE this method will remove the beans without their consent,
+     * bypassing FUSE. This can be used to improve performance.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $beans1 first bean in target association
+     * @param OODBBean $beans2 second bean in target association
+     * @param boolean  $fast  if TRUE, removes the entries by query without FUSE
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function unassociate( $beans1, $beans2, $fast = NULL )
+    {
+        $beans1 = ( !is_array( $beans1 ) ) ? array( $beans1 ) : $beans1;
+        $beans2 = ( !is_array( $beans2 ) ) ? array( $beans2 ) : $beans2;
+
+        foreach ( $beans1 as $bean1 ) {
+            foreach ( $beans2 as $bean2 ) {
+                try {
+                    $this->oodb->store( $bean1 );
+                    $this->oodb->store( $bean2 );
+
+                    $type1 = $bean1->getMeta( 'type' );
+                    $type2 = $bean2->getMeta( 'type' );
+
+                    $row      = $this->writer->queryRecordLink( $type1, $type2, $bean1->id, $bean2->id );
+                    $linkType = $this->getTable( array( $type1, $type2 ) );
+
+                    if ( $fast ) {
+                        $this->writer->deleteRecord( $linkType, array( 'id' => $row['id'] ) );
+
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    $beans = $this->oodb->convertToBeans( $linkType, array( $row ) );
+
+                    if ( count( $beans ) > 0 ) {
+                        $bean = reset( $beans );
+                        $this->oodb->trash( $bean );
+                    }
+                } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+                    $this->handleException( $exception );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all relations for a bean. This method breaks every connection between
+     * a certain bean $bean and every other bean of type $type. Warning: this method
+     * is really fast because it uses a direct SQL query however it does not inform the
+     * models about this. If you want to notify FUSE models about deletion use a foreach-loop
+     * with unassociate() instead. (that might be slower though)
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean reference bean
+     * @param string   $type type of beans that need to be unassociated
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function clearRelations( OODBBean $bean, $type )
+    {
+        $this->oodb->store( $bean );
+        try {
+            $this->writer->deleteRelations( $bean->getMeta( 'type' ), $type, $bean->id );
+        } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+            $this->handleException( $exception );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the beans associated with $bean.
+     * This method will return an array containing all the beans that have
+     * been associated once with the associate() function and are still
+     * associated with the bean specified. The type parameter indicates the
+     * type of beans you are looking for. You can also pass some extra SQL and
+     * values for that SQL to filter your results after fetching the
+     * related beans.
+     *
+     * Don't try to make use of subqueries, a subquery using IN() seems to
+     * be slower than two queries!
+     *
+     * Since 3.2, you can now also pass an array of beans instead just one
+     * bean as the first parameter.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|array $bean the bean you have
+     * @param string         $type      the type of beans you want
+     * @param string         $sql       SQL snippet for extra filtering
+     * @param array          $bindings  values to be inserted in SQL slots
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function related( $bean, $type, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $sql   = $this->writer->glueSQLCondition( $sql );
+        $rows  = $this->relatedRows( $bean, $type, $sql, $bindings );
+        $links = array();
+
+        foreach ( $rows as $key => $row ) {
+            if ( !isset( $links[$row['id']] ) ) $links[$row['id']] = array();
+            $links[$row['id']][] = $row['linked_by'];
+            unset( $rows[$key]['linked_by'] );
+        }
+
+        $beans = $this->oodb->convertToBeans( $type, $rows );
+        foreach ( $beans as $bean ) $bean->setMeta( 'sys.belongs-to', $links[$bean->id] );
+
+        return $beans;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -11178,35 +11178,35 @@ 
  */
 interface BeanHelper
 {
-	/**
-	 * Returns a toolbox to empower the bean.
-	 * This allows beans to perform OODB operations by themselves,
-	 * as such the bean is a proxy for OODB. This allows beans to implement
-	 * their magic getters and setters and return lists.
-	 *
-	 * @return ToolBox
-	 */
-	public function getToolbox();
-
-	/**
-	 * Does approximately the same as getToolbox but also extracts the
-	 * toolbox for you.
-	 * This method returns a list with all toolbox items in Toolbox Constructor order:
-	 * OODB, adapter, writer and finally the toolbox itself!.
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getExtractedToolbox();
-
-	/**
-	 * Given a certain bean this method will
-	 * return the corresponding model.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean bean to obtain the corresponding model of
-	 *
-	 * @return SimpleModel|CustomModel|NULL
-	 */
-	public function getModelForBean( OODBBean $bean );
+    /**
+     * Returns a toolbox to empower the bean.
+     * This allows beans to perform OODB operations by themselves,
+     * as such the bean is a proxy for OODB. This allows beans to implement
+     * their magic getters and setters and return lists.
+     *
+     * @return ToolBox
+     */
+    public function getToolbox();
+
+    /**
+     * Does approximately the same as getToolbox but also extracts the
+     * toolbox for you.
+     * This method returns a list with all toolbox items in Toolbox Constructor order:
+     * OODB, adapter, writer and finally the toolbox itself!.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getExtractedToolbox();
+
+    /**
+     * Given a certain bean this method will
+     * return the corresponding model.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean bean to obtain the corresponding model of
+     *
+     * @return SimpleModel|CustomModel|NULL
+     */
+    public function getModelForBean( OODBBean $bean );
 }
 }
 
@@ -11235,87 +11235,87 @@ 
  */
 class SimpleFacadeBeanHelper implements BeanHelper
 {
-	/**
-	 * Factory function to create instance of Simple Model, if any.
-	 *
-	 * @var \Closure
-	 */
-	private static $factory = null;
-
-	/**
-	 * Factory method using a customizable factory function to create
-	 * the instance of the Simple Model.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $modelClassName name of the class
-	 *
-	 * @return SimpleModel
-	 */
-	public static function factory( $modelClassName )
-	{
-		$factory = self::$factory;
-		return ( $factory ) ? $factory( $modelClassName ) : new $modelClassName();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the factory function to create the model when using FUSE
-	 * to connect a bean to a model.
-	 *
-	 * @param \Closure $factory factory function
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function setFactoryFunction( $factory )
-	{
-		self::$factory = $factory;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see BeanHelper::getToolbox
-	 */
-	public function getToolbox()
-	{
-		return Facade::getToolBox();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see BeanHelper::getModelForBean
-	 */
-	public function getModelForBean( OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		$model     = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-		$prefix    = defined( 'REDBEAN_MODEL_PREFIX' ) ? REDBEAN_MODEL_PREFIX : '\\Model_';
-
-		if ( strpos( $model, '_' ) !== FALSE ) {
-			$modelParts = explode( '_', $model );
-			$modelName = '';
-			foreach( $modelParts as $part ) {
-				$modelName .= ucfirst( $part );
-			}
-			$modelName = $prefix . $modelName;
-			if ( !class_exists( $modelName ) ) {
-				$modelName = $prefix . ucfirst( $model );
-				if ( !class_exists( $modelName ) ) {
-					return NULL;
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			$modelName = $prefix . ucfirst( $model );
-			if ( !class_exists( $modelName ) ) {
-				return NULL;
-			}
-		}
-		$obj = self::factory( $modelName );
-		$obj->loadBean( $bean );
-		return $obj;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see BeanHelper::getExtractedToolbox
-	 */
-	public function getExtractedToolbox()
-	{
-		return Facade::getExtractedToolbox();
-	}
+    /**
+     * Factory function to create instance of Simple Model, if any.
+     *
+     * @var \Closure
+     */
+    private static $factory = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Factory method using a customizable factory function to create
+     * the instance of the Simple Model.
+     *
+     * @param string $modelClassName name of the class
+     *
+     * @return SimpleModel
+     */
+    public static function factory( $modelClassName )
+    {
+        $factory = self::$factory;
+        return ( $factory ) ? $factory( $modelClassName ) : new $modelClassName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the factory function to create the model when using FUSE
+     * to connect a bean to a model.
+     *
+     * @param \Closure $factory factory function
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function setFactoryFunction( $factory )
+    {
+        self::$factory = $factory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see BeanHelper::getToolbox
+     */
+    public function getToolbox()
+    {
+        return Facade::getToolBox();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see BeanHelper::getModelForBean
+     */
+    public function getModelForBean( OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        $model     = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+        $prefix    = defined( 'REDBEAN_MODEL_PREFIX' ) ? REDBEAN_MODEL_PREFIX : '\\Model_';
+
+        if ( strpos( $model, '_' ) !== FALSE ) {
+            $modelParts = explode( '_', $model );
+            $modelName = '';
+            foreach( $modelParts as $part ) {
+                $modelName .= ucfirst( $part );
+            }
+            $modelName = $prefix . $modelName;
+            if ( !class_exists( $modelName ) ) {
+                $modelName = $prefix . ucfirst( $model );
+                if ( !class_exists( $modelName ) ) {
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            $modelName = $prefix . ucfirst( $model );
+            if ( !class_exists( $modelName ) ) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+        $obj = self::factory( $modelName );
+        $obj->loadBean( $bean );
+        return $obj;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see BeanHelper::getExtractedToolbox
+     */
+    public function getExtractedToolbox()
+    {
+        return Facade::getExtractedToolbox();
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -11342,107 +11342,107 @@ 
  */
 class SimpleModel
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var OODBBean
-	 */
-	protected $bean;
-
-	/**
-	 * Used by FUSE: the ModelHelper class to connect a bean to a model.
-	 * This method loads a bean in the model.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean bean to load
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function loadBean( OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		$this->bean = $bean;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Magic Getter to make the bean properties available from
-	 * the $this-scope.
-	 *
-	 * @note this method returns a value, not a reference!
-	 *       To obtain a reference unbox the bean first!
-	 *
-	 * @param string $prop property to get
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function __get( $prop )
-	{
-		return $this->bean->$prop;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Magic Setter.
-	 * Sets the value directly as a bean property.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $prop  property to set value of
-	 * @param mixed  $value value to set
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function __set( $prop, $value )
-	{
-		$this->bean->$prop = $value;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Isset implementation.
-	 * Implements the isset function for array-like access.
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $key key to check
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function __isset( $key )
-	{
-		return isset( $this->bean->$key );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Box the bean using the current model.
-	 * This method wraps the current bean in this model.
-	 * This method can be reached using FUSE through a simple
-	 * OODBBean. The method returns a RedBeanPHP Simple Model.
-	 * This is useful if you would like to rely on PHP type hinting.
-	 * You can box your beans before passing them to functions or methods
-	 * with typed parameters.
-	 *
-	 * Note about beans vs models:
-	 * Use unbox to obtain the bean powering the model. If you want to use bean functionality,
-	 * you should -always- unbox first. While some functionality (like magic get/set) is
-	 * available in the model, this is just read-only. To use a model as a typical RedBean
-	 * OODBBean you should always unbox the model to a bean. Models are meant to
-	 * expose only domain logic added by the developer (business logic, no ORM logic).
-	 *
-	 * @return SimpleModel
-	 */
-	public function box()
-	{
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Unbox the bean from the model.
-	 * This method returns the bean inside the model.
-	 *
-	 * Note about beans vs models:
-	 * Use unbox to obtain the bean powering the model. If you want to use bean functionality,
-	 * you should -always- unbox first. While some functionality (like magic get/set) is
-	 * available in the model, this is just read-only. To use a model as a typical RedBean
-	 * OODBBean you should always unbox the model to a bean. Models are meant to
-	 * expose only domain logic added by the developer (business logic, no ORM logic).
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function unbox()
-	{
-		return $this->bean;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var OODBBean
+     */
+    protected $bean;
+
+    /**
+     * Used by FUSE: the ModelHelper class to connect a bean to a model.
+     * This method loads a bean in the model.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean bean to load
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function loadBean( OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        $this->bean = $bean;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Magic Getter to make the bean properties available from
+     * the $this-scope.
+     *
+     * @note this method returns a value, not a reference!
+     *       To obtain a reference unbox the bean first!
+     *
+     * @param string $prop property to get
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function __get( $prop )
+    {
+        return $this->bean->$prop;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Magic Setter.
+     * Sets the value directly as a bean property.
+     *
+     * @param string $prop  property to set value of
+     * @param mixed  $value value to set
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __set( $prop, $value )
+    {
+        $this->bean->$prop = $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Isset implementation.
+     * Implements the isset function for array-like access.
+     *
+     * @param  string $key key to check
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function __isset( $key )
+    {
+        return isset( $this->bean->$key );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Box the bean using the current model.
+     * This method wraps the current bean in this model.
+     * This method can be reached using FUSE through a simple
+     * OODBBean. The method returns a RedBeanPHP Simple Model.
+     * This is useful if you would like to rely on PHP type hinting.
+     * You can box your beans before passing them to functions or methods
+     * with typed parameters.
+     *
+     * Note about beans vs models:
+     * Use unbox to obtain the bean powering the model. If you want to use bean functionality,
+     * you should -always- unbox first. While some functionality (like magic get/set) is
+     * available in the model, this is just read-only. To use a model as a typical RedBean
+     * OODBBean you should always unbox the model to a bean. Models are meant to
+     * expose only domain logic added by the developer (business logic, no ORM logic).
+     *
+     * @return SimpleModel
+     */
+    public function box()
+    {
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unbox the bean from the model.
+     * This method returns the bean inside the model.
+     *
+     * Note about beans vs models:
+     * Use unbox to obtain the bean powering the model. If you want to use bean functionality,
+     * you should -always- unbox first. While some functionality (like magic get/set) is
+     * available in the model, this is just read-only. To use a model as a typical RedBean
+     * OODBBean you should always unbox the model to a bean. Models are meant to
+     * expose only domain logic added by the developer (business logic, no ORM logic).
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function unbox()
+    {
+        return $this->bean;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -11469,51 +11469,51 @@ 
  */
 class SimpleModelHelper implements Observer
 {
-	/**
-	 * Gets notified by an observable.
-	 * This method decouples the FUSE system from the actual beans.
-	 * If a FUSE event happens 'update', this method will attempt to
-	 * invoke the corresponding method on the bean.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $eventName i.e. 'delete', 'after_delete'
-	 * @param OODBean $bean      affected bean
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function onEvent( $eventName, $bean )
-	{
-		$bean->$eventName();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Attaches the FUSE event listeners. Now the Model Helper will listen for
-	 * CRUD events. If a CRUD event occurs it will send a signal to the model
-	 * that belongs to the CRUD bean and this model will take over control from
-	 * there. This method will attach the following event listeners to the observable:
-	 *
-	 * - 'update'       (gets called by R::store, before the records gets inserted / updated)
-	 * - 'after_update' (gets called by R::store, after the records have been inserted / updated)
-	 * - 'open'         (gets called by R::load, after the record has been retrieved)
-	 * - 'delete'       (gets called by R::trash, before deletion of record)
-	 * - 'after_delete' (gets called by R::trash, after deletion)
-	 * - 'dispense'     (gets called by R::dispense)
-	 *
-	 * For every event type, this method will register this helper as a listener.
-	 * The observable will notify the listener (this object) with the event ID and the
-	 * affected bean. This helper will then process the event (onEvent) by invoking
-	 * the event on the bean. If a bean offers a method with the same name as the
-	 * event ID, this method will be invoked.
-	 *
-	 * @param Observable $observable object to observe
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function attachEventListeners( Observable $observable )
-	{
-		foreach ( array( 'update', 'open', 'delete', 'after_delete', 'after_update', 'dispense' ) as $eventID ) {
-			$observable->addEventListener( $eventID, $this );
-		}
-	}
+    /**
+     * Gets notified by an observable.
+     * This method decouples the FUSE system from the actual beans.
+     * If a FUSE event happens 'update', this method will attempt to
+     * invoke the corresponding method on the bean.
+     *
+     * @param string  $eventName i.e. 'delete', 'after_delete'
+     * @param OODBean $bean      affected bean
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function onEvent( $eventName, $bean )
+    {
+        $bean->$eventName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attaches the FUSE event listeners. Now the Model Helper will listen for
+     * CRUD events. If a CRUD event occurs it will send a signal to the model
+     * that belongs to the CRUD bean and this model will take over control from
+     * there. This method will attach the following event listeners to the observable:
+     *
+     * - 'update'       (gets called by R::store, before the records gets inserted / updated)
+     * - 'after_update' (gets called by R::store, after the records have been inserted / updated)
+     * - 'open'         (gets called by R::load, after the record has been retrieved)
+     * - 'delete'       (gets called by R::trash, before deletion of record)
+     * - 'after_delete' (gets called by R::trash, after deletion)
+     * - 'dispense'     (gets called by R::dispense)
+     *
+     * For every event type, this method will register this helper as a listener.
+     * The observable will notify the listener (this object) with the event ID and the
+     * affected bean. This helper will then process the event (onEvent) by invoking
+     * the event on the bean. If a bean offers a method with the same name as the
+     * event ID, this method will be invoked.
+     *
+     * @param Observable $observable object to observe
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function attachEventListeners( Observable $observable )
+    {
+        foreach ( array( 'update', 'open', 'delete', 'after_delete', 'after_update', 'dispense' ) as $eventID ) {
+            $observable->addEventListener( $eventID, $this );
+        }
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -11528,362 +11528,362 @@ 
  *
  * The tag manager offers an easy way to quickly implement basic tagging
  * functionality.
- *
- * Provides methods to tag beans and perform tag-based searches in the
- * bean database.
- *
- * @file       RedBeanPHP/TagManager.php
- * @author     Gabor de Mooij and the RedBeanPHP community
- * @license    BSD/GPLv2
- *
- * @copyright
- * copyright (c) G.J.G.T. (Gabor) de Mooij and the RedBeanPHP Community
- * This source file is subject to the BSD/GPLv2 License that is bundled
- * with this source code in the file license.txt.
- */
-class TagManager
-{
-	/**
-	 * @var ToolBox
-	 */
-	protected $toolbox;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var AssociationManager
-	 */
-	protected $associationManager;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var OODBBean
-	 */
-	protected $redbean;
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks if the argument is a comma separated string, in this case
-	 * it will split the string into words and return an array instead.
-	 * In case of an array the argument will be returned 'as is'.
-	 *
-	 * @param array|string $tagList list of tags
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	private function extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList )
-	{
-		if ( $tagList !== FALSE && !is_array( $tagList ) ) {
-			$tags = explode( ',', (string) $tagList );
-		} else {
-			$tags = $tagList;
-		}
-
-		return $tags;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Finds a tag bean by it's title.
-	 * Internal method.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $title title to search for
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	protected function findTagByTitle( $title )
-	{
-		$beans = $this->redbean->find( 'tag', array( 'title' => array( $title ) ) );
-
-		if ( $beans ) {
-			$bean = reset( $beans );
-
-			return $bean;
-		}
-
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor.
-	 * The tag manager offers an easy way to quickly implement basic tagging
-	 * functionality.
-	 *
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox toolbox object
-	 */
-	public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
-	{
-		$this->toolbox = $toolbox;
-		$this->redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
-
-		$this->associationManager = $this->redbean->getAssociationManager();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Tests whether a bean has been associated with one ore more
-	 * of the listed tags. If the third parameter is TRUE this method
-	 * will return TRUE only if all tags that have been specified are indeed
-	 * associated with the given bean, otherwise FALSE.
-	 * If the third parameter is FALSE this
-	 * method will return TRUE if one of the tags matches, FALSE if none
-	 * match.
-	 *
-	 * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
-	 * of tag names.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::hasTag( $blog, 'horror,movie', TRUE );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above returns TRUE if the $blog bean has been tagged
-	 * as BOTH horror and movie. If the post has only been tagged as 'movie'
-	 * or 'horror' this operation will return FALSE because the third parameter
-	 * has been set to TRUE.
-	 *
-	 * @param  OODBBean     $bean bean to check for tags
-	 * @param  array|string $tags list of tags
-	 * @param  boolean      $all  whether they must all match or just some
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public function hasTag( $bean, $tags, $all = FALSE )
-	{
-		$foundtags = $this->tag( $bean );
-
-		$tags = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tags );
-		$same = array_intersect( $tags, $foundtags );
-
-		if ( $all ) {
-			return ( implode( ',', $same ) === implode( ',', $tags ) );
-		}
-
-		return (bool) ( count( $same ) > 0 );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Removes all specified tags from the bean. The tags specified in
-	 * the second parameter will no longer be associated with the bean.
-	 *
-	 * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
-	 * of tag names.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::untag( $blog, 'smart,interesting' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above, the $blog bean will no longer
-	 * be associated with the tags 'smart' and 'interesting'.
-	 *
-	 * @param  OODBBean $bean    tagged bean
-	 * @param  array    $tagList list of tags (names)
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function untag( $bean, $tagList )
-	{
-		$tags = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
-
-		foreach ( $tags as $tag ) {
-			if ( $t = $this->findTagByTitle( $tag ) ) {
-				$this->associationManager->unassociate( $bean, $t );
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Part of RedBeanPHP Tagging API.
-	 * Tags a bean or returns tags associated with a bean.
-	 * If $tagList is NULL or omitted this method will return a
-	 * comma separated list of tags associated with the bean provided.
-	 * If $tagList is a comma separated list (string) of tags all tags will
-	 * be associated with the bean.
-	 * You may also pass an array instead of a string.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::tag( $meal, "TexMex,Mexican" );
-	 * $tags = R::tag( $meal );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The first line in the example above will tag the $meal
-	 * as 'TexMex' and 'Mexican Cuisine'. The second line will
-	 * retrieve all tags attached to the meal object.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean    bean to tag
-	 * @param mixed    $tagList tags to attach to the specified bean
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function tag( OODBBean $bean, $tagList = NULL )
-	{
-		if ( is_null( $tagList ) ) {
-
-			$tags = $bean->sharedTag;
-			$foundTags = array();
-
-			foreach ( $tags as $tag ) {
-				$foundTags[] = $tag->title;
-			}
-
-			return $foundTags;
-		}
-
-		$this->associationManager->clearRelations( $bean, 'tag' );
-		$this->addTags( $bean, $tagList );
-
-		return $tagList;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Part of RedBeanPHP Tagging API.
-	 * Adds tags to a bean.
-	 * If $tagList is a comma separated list of tags all tags will
-	 * be associated with the bean.
-	 * You may also pass an array instead of a string.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::addTags( $blog, ["halloween"] );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example adds the tag 'halloween' to the $blog
-	 * bean.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean    bean to tag
-	 * @param array    $tagList list of tags to add to bean
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function addTags( OODBBean $bean, $tagList )
-	{
-		$tags = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
-
-		if ( $tagList === FALSE ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		foreach ( $tags as $tag ) {
-			if ( !$t = $this->findTagByTitle( $tag ) ) {
-				$t        = $this->redbean->dispense( 'tag' );
-				$t->title = $tag;
-
-				$this->redbean->store( $t );
-			}
-
-			$this->associationManager->associate( $bean, $t );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns all beans that have been tagged with one or more
-	 * of the specified tags.
-	 *
-	 * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
-	 * of tag names.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $watchList = R::tagged(
-	 *   'movie',
-	 *   'horror,gothic',
-	 *   ' ORDER BY movie.title DESC LIMIT ?',
-	 *   [ 10 ]
-	 * );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example uses R::tagged() to find all movies that have been
-	 * tagged as 'horror' or 'gothic', order them by title and limit
-	 * the number of movies to be returned to 10.
-	 *
-	 * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
-	 * @param string       $sql      additional SQL (use only for pagination)
-	 * @param array        $bindings bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function tagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$tags       = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
-		$records    = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->queryTagged( $beanType, $tags, FALSE, $sql, $bindings );
-
-		return $this->redbean->convertToBeans( $beanType, $records );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns all beans that have been tagged with ALL of the tags given.
-	 * This method works the same as R::tagged() except that this method only returns
-	 * beans that have been tagged with all the specified labels.
-	 *
-	 * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
-	 * of tag names.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $watchList = R::taggedAll(
-	 *    'movie',
-	 *    [ 'gothic', 'short' ],
-	 *    ' ORDER BY movie.id DESC LIMIT ? ',
-	 *    [ 4 ]
-	 * );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above returns at most 4 movies (due to the LIMIT clause in the SQL
-	 * Query Snippet) that have been tagged as BOTH 'short' AND 'gothic'.
-	 *
-	 * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
-	 * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
-	 * @param array        $bindings bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function taggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$tags  = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
-		$records    = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->queryTagged( $beanType, $tags, TRUE, $sql, $bindings );
-
-		return $this->redbean->convertToBeans( $beanType, $records );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Like taggedAll() but only counts.
-	 *
-	 * @see taggedAll
-	 *
-	 * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
-	 * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
-	 * @param array        $bindings bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function countTaggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$tags  = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
-		return $this->toolbox->getWriter()->queryCountTagged( $beanType, $tags, TRUE, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Like tagged() but only counts.
-	 *
-	 * @see tagged
-	 *
-	 * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
-	 * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
-	 * @param array        $bindings bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public function countTagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$tags  = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
-		return $this->toolbox->getWriter()->queryCountTagged( $beanType, $tags, FALSE, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
+ *
+ * Provides methods to tag beans and perform tag-based searches in the
+ * bean database.
+ *
+ * @file       RedBeanPHP/TagManager.php
+ * @author     Gabor de Mooij and the RedBeanPHP community
+ * @license    BSD/GPLv2
+ *
+ * @copyright
+ * copyright (c) G.J.G.T. (Gabor) de Mooij and the RedBeanPHP Community
+ * This source file is subject to the BSD/GPLv2 License that is bundled
+ * with this source code in the file license.txt.
+ */
+class TagManager
+{
+    /**
+     * @var ToolBox
+     */
+    protected $toolbox;
+
+    /**
+     * @var AssociationManager
+     */
+    protected $associationManager;
+
+    /**
+     * @var OODBBean
+     */
+    protected $redbean;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the argument is a comma separated string, in this case
+     * it will split the string into words and return an array instead.
+     * In case of an array the argument will be returned 'as is'.
+     *
+     * @param array|string $tagList list of tags
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    private function extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList )
+    {
+        if ( $tagList !== FALSE && !is_array( $tagList ) ) {
+            $tags = explode( ',', (string) $tagList );
+        } else {
+            $tags = $tagList;
+        }
+
+        return $tags;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds a tag bean by it's title.
+     * Internal method.
+     *
+     * @param string $title title to search for
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    protected function findTagByTitle( $title )
+    {
+        $beans = $this->redbean->find( 'tag', array( 'title' => array( $title ) ) );
+
+        if ( $beans ) {
+            $bean = reset( $beans );
+
+            return $bean;
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     * The tag manager offers an easy way to quickly implement basic tagging
+     * functionality.
+     *
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox toolbox object
+     */
+    public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
+    {
+        $this->toolbox = $toolbox;
+        $this->redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
+
+        $this->associationManager = $this->redbean->getAssociationManager();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests whether a bean has been associated with one ore more
+     * of the listed tags. If the third parameter is TRUE this method
+     * will return TRUE only if all tags that have been specified are indeed
+     * associated with the given bean, otherwise FALSE.
+     * If the third parameter is FALSE this
+     * method will return TRUE if one of the tags matches, FALSE if none
+     * match.
+     *
+     * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
+     * of tag names.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::hasTag( $blog, 'horror,movie', TRUE );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above returns TRUE if the $blog bean has been tagged
+     * as BOTH horror and movie. If the post has only been tagged as 'movie'
+     * or 'horror' this operation will return FALSE because the third parameter
+     * has been set to TRUE.
+     *
+     * @param  OODBBean     $bean bean to check for tags
+     * @param  array|string $tags list of tags
+     * @param  boolean      $all  whether they must all match or just some
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function hasTag( $bean, $tags, $all = FALSE )
+    {
+        $foundtags = $this->tag( $bean );
+
+        $tags = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tags );
+        $same = array_intersect( $tags, $foundtags );
+
+        if ( $all ) {
+            return ( implode( ',', $same ) === implode( ',', $tags ) );
+        }
+
+        return (bool) ( count( $same ) > 0 );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all specified tags from the bean. The tags specified in
+     * the second parameter will no longer be associated with the bean.
+     *
+     * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
+     * of tag names.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::untag( $blog, 'smart,interesting' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above, the $blog bean will no longer
+     * be associated with the tags 'smart' and 'interesting'.
+     *
+     * @param  OODBBean $bean    tagged bean
+     * @param  array    $tagList list of tags (names)
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function untag( $bean, $tagList )
+    {
+        $tags = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
+
+        foreach ( $tags as $tag ) {
+            if ( $t = $this->findTagByTitle( $tag ) ) {
+                $this->associationManager->unassociate( $bean, $t );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Part of RedBeanPHP Tagging API.
+     * Tags a bean or returns tags associated with a bean.
+     * If $tagList is NULL or omitted this method will return a
+     * comma separated list of tags associated with the bean provided.
+     * If $tagList is a comma separated list (string) of tags all tags will
+     * be associated with the bean.
+     * You may also pass an array instead of a string.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::tag( $meal, "TexMex,Mexican" );
+     * $tags = R::tag( $meal );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The first line in the example above will tag the $meal
+     * as 'TexMex' and 'Mexican Cuisine'. The second line will
+     * retrieve all tags attached to the meal object.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean    bean to tag
+     * @param mixed    $tagList tags to attach to the specified bean
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function tag( OODBBean $bean, $tagList = NULL )
+    {
+        if ( is_null( $tagList ) ) {
+
+            $tags = $bean->sharedTag;
+            $foundTags = array();
+
+            foreach ( $tags as $tag ) {
+                $foundTags[] = $tag->title;
+            }
+
+            return $foundTags;
+        }
+
+        $this->associationManager->clearRelations( $bean, 'tag' );
+        $this->addTags( $bean, $tagList );
+
+        return $tagList;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Part of RedBeanPHP Tagging API.
+     * Adds tags to a bean.
+     * If $tagList is a comma separated list of tags all tags will
+     * be associated with the bean.
+     * You may also pass an array instead of a string.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::addTags( $blog, ["halloween"] );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example adds the tag 'halloween' to the $blog
+     * bean.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean    bean to tag
+     * @param array    $tagList list of tags to add to bean
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function addTags( OODBBean $bean, $tagList )
+    {
+        $tags = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
+
+        if ( $tagList === FALSE ) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        foreach ( $tags as $tag ) {
+            if ( !$t = $this->findTagByTitle( $tag ) ) {
+                $t        = $this->redbean->dispense( 'tag' );
+                $t->title = $tag;
+
+                $this->redbean->store( $t );
+            }
+
+            $this->associationManager->associate( $bean, $t );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all beans that have been tagged with one or more
+     * of the specified tags.
+     *
+     * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
+     * of tag names.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $watchList = R::tagged(
+     *   'movie',
+     *   'horror,gothic',
+     *   ' ORDER BY movie.title DESC LIMIT ?',
+     *   [ 10 ]
+     * );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example uses R::tagged() to find all movies that have been
+     * tagged as 'horror' or 'gothic', order them by title and limit
+     * the number of movies to be returned to 10.
+     *
+     * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
+     * @param string       $sql      additional SQL (use only for pagination)
+     * @param array        $bindings bindings
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function tagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $tags       = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
+        $records    = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->queryTagged( $beanType, $tags, FALSE, $sql, $bindings );
+
+        return $this->redbean->convertToBeans( $beanType, $records );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all beans that have been tagged with ALL of the tags given.
+     * This method works the same as R::tagged() except that this method only returns
+     * beans that have been tagged with all the specified labels.
+     *
+     * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
+     * of tag names.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $watchList = R::taggedAll(
+     *    'movie',
+     *    [ 'gothic', 'short' ],
+     *    ' ORDER BY movie.id DESC LIMIT ? ',
+     *    [ 4 ]
+     * );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above returns at most 4 movies (due to the LIMIT clause in the SQL
+     * Query Snippet) that have been tagged as BOTH 'short' AND 'gothic'.
+     *
+     * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
+     * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
+     * @param array        $bindings bindings
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function taggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $tags  = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
+        $records    = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->queryTagged( $beanType, $tags, TRUE, $sql, $bindings );
+
+        return $this->redbean->convertToBeans( $beanType, $records );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like taggedAll() but only counts.
+     *
+     * @see taggedAll
+     *
+     * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
+     * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
+     * @param array        $bindings bindings
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function countTaggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $tags  = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
+        return $this->toolbox->getWriter()->queryCountTagged( $beanType, $tags, TRUE, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like tagged() but only counts.
+     *
+     * @see tagged
+     *
+     * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
+     * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
+     * @param array        $bindings bindings
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public function countTagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $tags  = $this->extractTagsIfNeeded( $tagList );
+        return $this->toolbox->getWriter()->queryCountTagged( $beanType, $tags, FALSE, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -11911,161 +11911,161 @@ 
  */
 class LabelMaker
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var ToolBox
-	 */
-	protected $toolbox;
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor.
-	 *
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox
-	 */
-	public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
-	{
-		$this->toolbox = $toolbox;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * A label is a bean with only an id, type and name property.
-	 * This function will dispense beans for all entries in the array. The
-	 * values of the array will be assigned to the name property of each
-	 * individual bean.
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $people = R::dispenseLabels( 'person', [ 'Santa', 'Claus' ] );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type   type of beans you would like to have
-	 * @param array  $labels list of labels, names for each bean
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function dispenseLabels( $type, $labels )
-	{
-		$labelBeans = array();
-		foreach ( $labels as $label ) {
-			$labelBean       = $this->toolbox->getRedBean()->dispense( $type );
-			$labelBean->name = $label;
-			$labelBeans[]    = $labelBean;
-		}
-
-		return $labelBeans;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gathers labels from beans. This function loops through the beans,
-	 * collects the value of the name property for each individual bean
-	 * and stores the names in a new array. The array then gets sorted using the
-	 * default sort function of PHP (sort).
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $o1->name = 'hamburger';
-	 * $o2->name = 'pizza';
-	 * implode( ',', R::gatherLabels( [ $o1, $o2 ] ) ); //hamburger,pizza
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Note that the return value is an array of strings, not beans.
-	 *
-	 * @param array $beans list of beans to loop through
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function gatherLabels( $beans )
-	{
-		$labels = array();
-
-		foreach ( $beans as $bean ) {
-			$labels[] = $bean->name;
-		}
-
-		sort( $labels );
-
-		return $labels;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Fetches an ENUM from the database and creates it if necessary.
-	 * An ENUM has the following format:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * ENUM:VALUE
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * If you pass 'ENUM' only, this method will return an array of its
-	 * values:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * implode( ',', R::gatherLabels( R::enum( 'flavour' ) ) ) //'BANANA,MOCCA'
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * If you pass 'ENUM:VALUE' this method will return the specified enum bean
-	 * and create it in the database if it does not exist yet:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $bananaFlavour = R::enum( 'flavour:banana' );
-	 * $bananaFlavour->name;
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * So you can use this method to set an ENUM value in a bean:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $shake->flavour = R::enum( 'flavour:banana' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * the property flavour now contains the enum bean, a parent bean.
-	 * In the database, flavour_id will point to the flavour record with name 'banana'.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $enum ENUM specification for label
-	 *
-	 * @return array|OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function enum( $enum )
-	{
-		$oodb = $this->toolbox->getRedBean();
-
-		if ( strpos( $enum, ':' ) === FALSE ) {
-			$type  = $enum;
-			$value = FALSE;
-		} else {
-			list( $type, $value ) = explode( ':', $enum );
-			$value                = preg_replace( '/\W+/', '_', strtoupper( trim( $value ) ) );
-		}
-
-		/**
-		 * We use simply find here, we could use inspect() in fluid mode etc,
-		 * but this would be useless. At first sight it looks clean, you could even
-		 * bake this into find(), however, find not only has to deal with the primary
-		 * search type, people can also include references in the SQL part, so avoiding
-		 * find failures does not matter, this is still the quickest way making use
-		 * of existing functionality.
-		 *
-		 * @note There seems to be a bug in XDebug v2.3.2 causing suppressed
-		 * exceptions like these to surface anyway, to prevent this use:
-		 *
-		 * "xdebug.default_enable = 0"
-		 *
-		 *  Also see Github Issue #464
-		 */
-		$values = $oodb->find( $type );
-
-		if ( $value === FALSE ) {
-			return $values;
-		}
-
-		foreach( $values as $enumItem ) {
-				if ( $enumItem->name === $value ) return $enumItem;
-		}
-
-		$newEnumItems = $this->dispenseLabels( $type, array( $value ) );
-		$newEnumItem  = reset( $newEnumItems );
-
-		$oodb->store( $newEnumItem );
-
-		return $newEnumItem;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var ToolBox
+     */
+    protected $toolbox;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox
+     */
+    public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
+    {
+        $this->toolbox = $toolbox;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A label is a bean with only an id, type and name property.
+     * This function will dispense beans for all entries in the array. The
+     * values of the array will be assigned to the name property of each
+     * individual bean.
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $people = R::dispenseLabels( 'person', [ 'Santa', 'Claus' ] );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param string $type   type of beans you would like to have
+     * @param array  $labels list of labels, names for each bean
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function dispenseLabels( $type, $labels )
+    {
+        $labelBeans = array();
+        foreach ( $labels as $label ) {
+            $labelBean       = $this->toolbox->getRedBean()->dispense( $type );
+            $labelBean->name = $label;
+            $labelBeans[]    = $labelBean;
+        }
+
+        return $labelBeans;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gathers labels from beans. This function loops through the beans,
+     * collects the value of the name property for each individual bean
+     * and stores the names in a new array. The array then gets sorted using the
+     * default sort function of PHP (sort).
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $o1->name = 'hamburger';
+     * $o2->name = 'pizza';
+     * implode( ',', R::gatherLabels( [ $o1, $o2 ] ) ); //hamburger,pizza
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Note that the return value is an array of strings, not beans.
+     *
+     * @param array $beans list of beans to loop through
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function gatherLabels( $beans )
+    {
+        $labels = array();
+
+        foreach ( $beans as $bean ) {
+            $labels[] = $bean->name;
+        }
+
+        sort( $labels );
+
+        return $labels;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fetches an ENUM from the database and creates it if necessary.
+     * An ENUM has the following format:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * ENUM:VALUE
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * If you pass 'ENUM' only, this method will return an array of its
+     * values:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * implode( ',', R::gatherLabels( R::enum( 'flavour' ) ) ) //'BANANA,MOCCA'
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * If you pass 'ENUM:VALUE' this method will return the specified enum bean
+     * and create it in the database if it does not exist yet:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $bananaFlavour = R::enum( 'flavour:banana' );
+     * $bananaFlavour->name;
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * So you can use this method to set an ENUM value in a bean:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $shake->flavour = R::enum( 'flavour:banana' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * the property flavour now contains the enum bean, a parent bean.
+     * In the database, flavour_id will point to the flavour record with name 'banana'.
+     *
+     * @param string $enum ENUM specification for label
+     *
+     * @return array|OODBBean
+     */
+    public function enum( $enum )
+    {
+        $oodb = $this->toolbox->getRedBean();
+
+        if ( strpos( $enum, ':' ) === FALSE ) {
+            $type  = $enum;
+            $value = FALSE;
+        } else {
+            list( $type, $value ) = explode( ':', $enum );
+            $value                = preg_replace( '/\W+/', '_', strtoupper( trim( $value ) ) );
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * We use simply find here, we could use inspect() in fluid mode etc,
+         * but this would be useless. At first sight it looks clean, you could even
+         * bake this into find(), however, find not only has to deal with the primary
+         * search type, people can also include references in the SQL part, so avoiding
+         * find failures does not matter, this is still the quickest way making use
+         * of existing functionality.
+         *
+         * @note There seems to be a bug in XDebug v2.3.2 causing suppressed
+         * exceptions like these to surface anyway, to prevent this use:
+         *
+         * "xdebug.default_enable = 0"
+         *
+         *  Also see Github Issue #464
+         */
+        $values = $oodb->find( $type );
+
+        if ( $value === FALSE ) {
+            return $values;
+        }
+
+        foreach( $values as $enumItem ) {
+                if ( $enumItem->name === $value ) return $enumItem;
+        }
+
+        $newEnumItems = $this->dispenseLabels( $type, array( $value ) );
+        $newEnumItem  = reset( $newEnumItems );
+
+        $oodb->store( $newEnumItem );
+
+        return $newEnumItem;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -12115,2985 +12115,2985 @@ 
  */
 class Facade
 {
-	/**
-	 * RedBeanPHP version constant.
-	 */
-	const C_REDBEANPHP_VERSION = '5.3';
-
-	/**
-	 * @var ToolBox
-	 */
-	public static $toolbox;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var OODB
-	 */
-	private static $redbean;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var QueryWriter
-	 */
-	private static $writer;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var DBAdapter
-	 */
-	private static $adapter;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var AssociationManager
-	 */
-	private static $associationManager;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var TagManager
-	 */
-	private static $tagManager;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var DuplicationManager
-	 */
-	private static $duplicationManager;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var LabelMaker
-	 */
-	private static $labelMaker;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var Finder
-	 */
-	private static $finder;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var Tree
-	 */
-	private static $tree;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var Logger
-	 */
-	private static $logger;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	private static $plugins = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	private static $exportCaseStyle = 'default';
-
-	/**
-	 * @var flag allows transactions through facade in fluid mode
-	 */
-	private static $allowFluidTransactions = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * Not in use (backward compatibility SQLHelper)
-	 */
-	public static $f;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	public static $currentDB = '';
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	public static $toolboxes = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * Internal Query function, executes the desired query. Used by
-	 * all facade query functions. This keeps things DRY.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $method   desired query method (i.e. 'cell', 'col', 'exec' etc..)
-	 * @param string $sql      the sql you want to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings array of values to be bound to query statement
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	private static function query( $method, $sql, $bindings )
-	{
-		if ( !self::$redbean->isFrozen() ) {
-			try {
-				$rs = Facade::$adapter->$method( $sql, $bindings );
-			} catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
-				if ( self::$writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(),
-					array(
-						QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN,
-						QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE )
-					,$exception->getDriverDetails()
-					)
-				) {
-					return ( $method === 'getCell' ) ? NULL : array();
-				} else {
-					throw $exception;
-				}
-			}
-
-			return $rs;
-		} else {
-			return Facade::$adapter->$method( $sql, $bindings );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the RedBeanPHP version string.
-	 * The RedBeanPHP version string always has the same format "X.Y"
-	 * where X is the major version number and Y is the minor version number.
-	 * Point releases are not mentioned in the version string.
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public static function getVersion()
-	{
-		return self::C_REDBEANPHP_VERSION;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Tests the database connection.
-	 * Returns TRUE if connection has been established and
-	 * FALSE otherwise. Suppresses any warnings that may
-	 * occur during the testing process and catches all
-	 * exceptions that might be thrown during the test.
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public static function testConnection()
-	{
-		if ( !isset( self::$adapter ) ) return FALSE;
-
-		$database = self::$adapter->getDatabase();
-		try {
-			@$database->connect();
-		} catch ( \Exception $e ) {}
-		return $database->isConnected();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Kickstarts redbean for you. This method should be called before you start using
-	 * RedBeanPHP. The Setup() method can be called without any arguments, in this case it will
-	 * try to create a SQLite database in /tmp called red.db (this only works on UNIX-like systems).
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::setup( 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase', 'dba', 'dbapassword' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * You can replace 'mysql:' with the name of the database you want to use.
-	 * Possible values are:
-	 *
-	 * - pgsql  (PostgreSQL database)
-	 * - sqlite (SQLite database)
-	 * - mysql  (MySQL database)
-	 * - mysql  (also for Maria database)
-	 * - sqlsrv (MS SQL Server - community supported experimental driver)
-	 * - CUBRID (CUBRID driver - basic support provided by Plugin)
-	 *
-	 * Note that setup() will not immediately establish a connection to the database.
-	 * Instead, it will prepare the connection and connect 'lazily', i.e. the moment
-	 * a connection is really required, for instance when attempting to load
-	 * a bean.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $dsn      Database connection string
-	 * @param string  $username Username for database
-	 * @param string  $password Password for database
-	 * @param boolean $frozen   TRUE if you want to setup in frozen mode
-	 *
-	 * @return ToolBox
-	 */
-	public static function setup( $dsn = NULL, $username = NULL, $password = NULL, $frozen = FALSE, $partialBeans = FALSE )
-	{
-		if ( is_null( $dsn ) ) {
-			$dsn = 'sqlite:/' . sys_get_temp_dir() . '/red.db';
-		}
-
-		self::addDatabase( 'default', $dsn, $username, $password, $frozen, $partialBeans );
-		self::selectDatabase( 'default' );
-
-		return self::$toolbox;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles 'Narrow Field Mode'.
-	 * In Narrow Field mode the queryRecord method will
-	 * narrow its selection field to
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * SELECT {table}.*
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * instead of
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * SELECT *
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This is a better way of querying because it allows
-	 * more flexibility (for instance joins). However if you need
-	 * the wide selector for backward compatibility; use this method
-	 * to turn OFF Narrow Field Mode by passing FALSE.
-	 * Default is TRUE.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $narrowField TRUE = Narrow Field FALSE = Wide Field
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function setNarrowFieldMode( $mode )
-	{
-		AQueryWriter::setNarrowFieldMode( $mode );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles fluid transactions. By default fluid transactions
-	 * are not active. Starting, committing or rolling back a transaction
-	 * through the facade in fluid mode will have no effect. If you wish
-	 * to replace this standard portable behavor with behavior depending
-	 * on how the used database platform handles fluid (DDL) transactions
-	 * set this flag to TRUE.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $mode allow fluid transaction mode
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function setAllowFluidTransactions( $mode )
-	{
-		self::$allowFluidTransactions = $mode;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Wraps a transaction around a closure or string callback.
-	 * If an Exception is thrown inside, the operation is automatically rolled back.
-	 * If no Exception happens, it commits automatically.
-	 * It also supports (simulated) nested transactions (that is useful when
-	 * you have many methods that needs transactions but are unaware of
-	 * each other).
-	 *
-	 * Example:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $from = 1;
-	 * $to = 2;
-	 * $amount = 300;
-	 *
-	 * R::transaction(function() use($from, $to, $amount)
-	 * {
-	 *   $accountFrom = R::load('account', $from);
-	 *   $accountTo = R::load('account', $to);
-	 *   $accountFrom->money -= $amount;
-	 *   $accountTo->money += $amount;
-	 *   R::store($accountFrom);
-	 *   R::store($accountTo);
-	 * });
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param callable $callback Closure (or other callable) with the transaction logic
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public static function transaction( $callback )
-	{
-		return Transaction::transaction( self::$adapter, $callback );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Adds a database to the facade, afterwards you can select the database using
-	 * selectDatabase($key), where $key is the name you assigned to this database.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::addDatabase( 'database-1', 'sqlite:/tmp/db1.txt' );
-	 * R::selectDatabase( 'database-1' ); //to select database again
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This method allows you to dynamically add (and select) new databases
-	 * to the facade. Adding a database with the same key will cause an exception.
-	 *
-	 * @param string      $key    ID for the database
-	 * @param string      $dsn    DSN for the database
-	 * @param string      $user   user for connection
-	 * @param NULL|string $pass   password for connection
-	 * @param bool        $frozen whether this database is frozen or not
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function addDatabase( $key, $dsn, $user = NULL, $pass = NULL, $frozen = FALSE, $partialBeans = FALSE )
-	{
-		if ( isset( self::$toolboxes[$key] ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'A database has already been specified for this key.' );
-		}
-
-		if ( is_object($dsn) ) {
-			$db  = new RPDO( $dsn );
-			$dbType = $db->getDatabaseType();
-		} else {
-			$db = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass, TRUE );
-			$dbType = substr( $dsn, 0, strpos( $dsn, ':' ) );
-		}
-
-		$adapter = new DBAdapter( $db );
-
-		$writers = array(
-			'pgsql'  => 'PostgreSQL',
-			'sqlite' => 'SQLiteT',
-			'cubrid' => 'CUBRID',
-			'mysql'  => 'MySQL',
-			'sqlsrv' => 'SQLServer',
-		);
-
-		$wkey = trim( strtolower( $dbType ) );
-		if ( !isset( $writers[$wkey] ) ) {
-			$wkey = preg_replace( '/\W/', '' , $wkey );
-			throw new RedException( 'Unsupported database ('.$wkey.').' );
-		}
-		$writerClass = '\\RedBeanPHP\\QueryWriter\\'.$writers[$wkey];
-		$writer      = new $writerClass( $adapter );
-		$redbean     = new OODB( $writer, $frozen );
+    /**
+     * RedBeanPHP version constant.
+     */
+    const C_REDBEANPHP_VERSION = '5.3';
+
+    /**
+     * @var ToolBox
+     */
+    public static $toolbox;
+
+    /**
+     * @var OODB
+     */
+    private static $redbean;
+
+    /**
+     * @var QueryWriter
+     */
+    private static $writer;
+
+    /**
+     * @var DBAdapter
+     */
+    private static $adapter;
+
+    /**
+     * @var AssociationManager
+     */
+    private static $associationManager;
+
+    /**
+     * @var TagManager
+     */
+    private static $tagManager;
+
+    /**
+     * @var DuplicationManager
+     */
+    private static $duplicationManager;
+
+    /**
+     * @var LabelMaker
+     */
+    private static $labelMaker;
+
+    /**
+     * @var Finder
+     */
+    private static $finder;
+
+    /**
+     * @var Tree
+     */
+    private static $tree;
+
+    /**
+     * @var Logger
+     */
+    private static $logger;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    private static $plugins = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private static $exportCaseStyle = 'default';
+
+    /**
+     * @var flag allows transactions through facade in fluid mode
+     */
+    private static $allowFluidTransactions = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * Not in use (backward compatibility SQLHelper)
+     */
+    public static $f;
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    public static $currentDB = '';
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    public static $toolboxes = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Internal Query function, executes the desired query. Used by
+     * all facade query functions. This keeps things DRY.
+     *
+     * @param string $method   desired query method (i.e. 'cell', 'col', 'exec' etc..)
+     * @param string $sql      the sql you want to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings array of values to be bound to query statement
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    private static function query( $method, $sql, $bindings )
+    {
+        if ( !self::$redbean->isFrozen() ) {
+            try {
+                $rs = Facade::$adapter->$method( $sql, $bindings );
+            } catch ( SQLException $exception ) {
+                if ( self::$writer->sqlStateIn( $exception->getSQLState(),
+                    array(
+                        QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_COLUMN,
+                        QueryWriter::C_SQLSTATE_NO_SUCH_TABLE )
+                    ,$exception->getDriverDetails()
+                    )
+                ) {
+                    return ( $method === 'getCell' ) ? NULL : array();
+                } else {
+                    throw $exception;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return $rs;
+        } else {
+            return Facade::$adapter->$method( $sql, $bindings );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the RedBeanPHP version string.
+     * The RedBeanPHP version string always has the same format "X.Y"
+     * where X is the major version number and Y is the minor version number.
+     * Point releases are not mentioned in the version string.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public static function getVersion()
+    {
+        return self::C_REDBEANPHP_VERSION;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the database connection.
+     * Returns TRUE if connection has been established and
+     * FALSE otherwise. Suppresses any warnings that may
+     * occur during the testing process and catches all
+     * exceptions that might be thrown during the test.
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public static function testConnection()
+    {
+        if ( !isset( self::$adapter ) ) return FALSE;
+
+        $database = self::$adapter->getDatabase();
+        try {
+            @$database->connect();
+        } catch ( \Exception $e ) {}
+        return $database->isConnected();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Kickstarts redbean for you. This method should be called before you start using
+     * RedBeanPHP. The Setup() method can be called without any arguments, in this case it will
+     * try to create a SQLite database in /tmp called red.db (this only works on UNIX-like systems).
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::setup( 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase', 'dba', 'dbapassword' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * You can replace 'mysql:' with the name of the database you want to use.
+     * Possible values are:
+     *
+     * - pgsql  (PostgreSQL database)
+     * - sqlite (SQLite database)
+     * - mysql  (MySQL database)
+     * - mysql  (also for Maria database)
+     * - sqlsrv (MS SQL Server - community supported experimental driver)
+     * - CUBRID (CUBRID driver - basic support provided by Plugin)
+     *
+     * Note that setup() will not immediately establish a connection to the database.
+     * Instead, it will prepare the connection and connect 'lazily', i.e. the moment
+     * a connection is really required, for instance when attempting to load
+     * a bean.
+     *
+     * @param string  $dsn      Database connection string
+     * @param string  $username Username for database
+     * @param string  $password Password for database
+     * @param boolean $frozen   TRUE if you want to setup in frozen mode
+     *
+     * @return ToolBox
+     */
+    public static function setup( $dsn = NULL, $username = NULL, $password = NULL, $frozen = FALSE, $partialBeans = FALSE )
+    {
+        if ( is_null( $dsn ) ) {
+            $dsn = 'sqlite:/' . sys_get_temp_dir() . '/red.db';
+        }
+
+        self::addDatabase( 'default', $dsn, $username, $password, $frozen, $partialBeans );
+        self::selectDatabase( 'default' );
+
+        return self::$toolbox;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles 'Narrow Field Mode'.
+     * In Narrow Field mode the queryRecord method will
+     * narrow its selection field to
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * SELECT {table}.*
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * instead of
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * SELECT *
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This is a better way of querying because it allows
+     * more flexibility (for instance joins). However if you need
+     * the wide selector for backward compatibility; use this method
+     * to turn OFF Narrow Field Mode by passing FALSE.
+     * Default is TRUE.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $narrowField TRUE = Narrow Field FALSE = Wide Field
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function setNarrowFieldMode( $mode )
+    {
+        AQueryWriter::setNarrowFieldMode( $mode );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles fluid transactions. By default fluid transactions
+     * are not active. Starting, committing or rolling back a transaction
+     * through the facade in fluid mode will have no effect. If you wish
+     * to replace this standard portable behavor with behavior depending
+     * on how the used database platform handles fluid (DDL) transactions
+     * set this flag to TRUE.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $mode allow fluid transaction mode
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function setAllowFluidTransactions( $mode )
+    {
+        self::$allowFluidTransactions = $mode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wraps a transaction around a closure or string callback.
+     * If an Exception is thrown inside, the operation is automatically rolled back.
+     * If no Exception happens, it commits automatically.
+     * It also supports (simulated) nested transactions (that is useful when
+     * you have many methods that needs transactions but are unaware of
+     * each other).
+     *
+     * Example:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $from = 1;
+     * $to = 2;
+     * $amount = 300;
+     *
+     * R::transaction(function() use($from, $to, $amount)
+     * {
+     *   $accountFrom = R::load('account', $from);
+     *   $accountTo = R::load('account', $to);
+     *   $accountFrom->money -= $amount;
+     *   $accountTo->money += $amount;
+     *   R::store($accountFrom);
+     *   R::store($accountTo);
+     * });
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param callable $callback Closure (or other callable) with the transaction logic
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public static function transaction( $callback )
+    {
+        return Transaction::transaction( self::$adapter, $callback );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a database to the facade, afterwards you can select the database using
+     * selectDatabase($key), where $key is the name you assigned to this database.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::addDatabase( 'database-1', 'sqlite:/tmp/db1.txt' );
+     * R::selectDatabase( 'database-1' ); //to select database again
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This method allows you to dynamically add (and select) new databases
+     * to the facade. Adding a database with the same key will cause an exception.
+     *
+     * @param string      $key    ID for the database
+     * @param string      $dsn    DSN for the database
+     * @param string      $user   user for connection
+     * @param NULL|string $pass   password for connection
+     * @param bool        $frozen whether this database is frozen or not
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function addDatabase( $key, $dsn, $user = NULL, $pass = NULL, $frozen = FALSE, $partialBeans = FALSE )
+    {
+        if ( isset( self::$toolboxes[$key] ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'A database has already been specified for this key.' );
+        }
+
+        if ( is_object($dsn) ) {
+            $db  = new RPDO( $dsn );
+            $dbType = $db->getDatabaseType();
+        } else {
+            $db = new RPDO( $dsn, $user, $pass, TRUE );
+            $dbType = substr( $dsn, 0, strpos( $dsn, ':' ) );
+        }
+
+        $adapter = new DBAdapter( $db );
+
+        $writers = array(
+            'pgsql'  => 'PostgreSQL',
+            'sqlite' => 'SQLiteT',
+            'cubrid' => 'CUBRID',
+            'mysql'  => 'MySQL',
+            'sqlsrv' => 'SQLServer',
+        );
+
+        $wkey = trim( strtolower( $dbType ) );
+        if ( !isset( $writers[$wkey] ) ) {
+            $wkey = preg_replace( '/\W/', '' , $wkey );
+            throw new RedException( 'Unsupported database ('.$wkey.').' );
+        }
+        $writerClass = '\\RedBeanPHP\\QueryWriter\\'.$writers[$wkey];
+        $writer      = new $writerClass( $adapter );
+        $redbean     = new OODB( $writer, $frozen );
 		
-		if ( $partialBeans ) {
-			$redbean->getCurrentRepository()->usePartialBeans( $partialBeans );
-		}
-
-		self::$toolboxes[$key] = new ToolBox( $redbean, $adapter, $writer );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets PDO attributes for MySQL SSL connection.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $key  path client key i.e. '/etc/mysql/ssl/client-key.pem'
-	 * @param string $cert path client cert i.e. '/etc/mysql/ssl/client-cert.pem'
-	 * @param string $ca   path certifying agent certificate '/etc/mysql/ssl/ca-cert.pem'
-	 * @param string $id   apply to toolbox (default = 'default')
-	 */
-	public static function useMysqlSSL( $key, $cert, $ca, $id = 'default' ) {
-		$pdo = self::$toolboxes[$id]->getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->getPDO();
-		$pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_KEY,  $key);
-		$pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CERT,  $cert);
-		$pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA,  $ca);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Determines whether a database identified with the specified key has
-	 * already been added to the facade. This function will return TRUE
-	 * if the database indicated by the key is available and FALSE otherwise.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $key the key/name of the database to check for
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public static function hasDatabase( $key )
-	{
-		return ( isset( self::$toolboxes[$key] ) );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Selects a different database for the Facade to work with.
-	 * If you use the R::setup() you don't need this method. This method is meant
-	 * for multiple database setups. This method selects the database identified by the
-	 * database ID ($key). Use addDatabase() to add a new database, which in turn
-	 * can be selected using selectDatabase(). If you use R::setup(), the resulting
-	 * database will be stored under key 'default', to switch (back) to this database
-	 * use R::selectDatabase( 'default' ). This method returns TRUE if the database has been
-	 * switched and FALSE otherwise (for instance if you already using the specified database).
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $key Key of the database to select
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public static function selectDatabase( $key, $force = FALSE )
-	{
-		if ( self::$currentDB === $key && !$force ) {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		if ( !isset( self::$toolboxes[$key] ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Database not found in registry. Add database using R::addDatabase().' );
-		}
-
-		self::configureFacadeWithToolbox( self::$toolboxes[$key] );
-		self::$currentDB = $key;
-
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles DEBUG mode.
-	 * In Debug mode all SQL that happens under the hood will
-	 * be printed to the screen and/or logged.
-	 * If no database connection has been configured using R::setup() or
-	 * R::selectDatabase() this method will throw an exception.
-	 *
-	 * There are 2 debug styles:
-	 *
-	 * Classic: separate parameter bindings, explicit and complete but less readable
-	 * Fancy:   interpersed bindings, truncates large strings, highlighted schema changes
-	 *
-	 * Fancy style is more readable but sometimes incomplete.
-	 *
-	 * The first parameter turns debugging ON or OFF.
-	 * The second parameter indicates the mode of operation:
-	 *
-	 * 0 Log and write to STDOUT classic style (default)
-	 * 1 Log only, class style
-	 * 2 Log and write to STDOUT fancy style
-	 * 3 Log only, fancy style
-	 *
-	 * This function always returns the logger instance created to generate the
-	 * debug messages.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $tf   debug mode (TRUE or FALSE)
-	 * @param integer $mode mode of operation
-	 *
-	 * @return RDefault
-	 * @throws RedException
-	 */
-	public static function debug( $tf = TRUE, $mode = 0 )
-	{
-		if ($mode > 1) {
-			$mode -= 2;
-			$logger = new Debug;
-		} else {
-			$logger = new RDefault;
-		}
-
-		if ( !isset( self::$adapter ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Use R::setup() first.' );
-		}
-		$logger->setMode($mode);
-		self::$adapter->getDatabase()->setDebugMode( $tf, $logger );
-
-		return $logger;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Turns on the fancy debugger.
-	 * In 'fancy' mode the debugger will output queries with bound
-	 * parameters inside the SQL itself. This method has been added to
-	 * offer a convenient way to activate the fancy debugger system
-	 * in one call.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $toggle TRUE to activate debugger and select 'fancy' mode
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function fancyDebug( $toggle = TRUE )
-	{
-		self::debug( $toggle, 2 );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	* Inspects the database schema. If you pass the type of a bean this
-	* method will return the fields of its table in the database.
-	* The keys of this array will be the field names and the values will be
-	* the column types used to store their values.
-	* If no type is passed, this method returns a list of all tables in the database.
-	*
-	* @param string $type Type of bean (i.e. table) you want to inspect
-	*
-	* @return array
-	*/
-	public static function inspect( $type = NULL )
-	{
-		return ($type === NULL) ? self::$writer->getTables() : self::$writer->getColumns( $type );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Stores a bean in the database. This method takes a
-	 * OODBBean Bean Object $bean and stores it
-	 * in the database. If the database schema is not compatible
-	 * with this bean and RedBean runs in fluid mode the schema
-	 * will be altered to store the bean correctly.
-	 * If the database schema is not compatible with this bean and
-	 * RedBean runs in frozen mode it will throw an exception.
-	 * This function returns the primary key ID of the inserted
-	 * bean.
-	 *
-	 * The return value is an integer if possible. If it is not possible to
-	 * represent the value as an integer a string will be returned.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $post = R::dispense('post');
-	 * $post->title = 'my post';
-	 * $id = R::store( $post );
-	 * $post = R::load( 'post', $id );
-	 * R::trash( $post );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above, we create a new bean of type 'post'.
-	 * We then set the title of the bean to 'my post' and we
-	 * store the bean. The store() method will return the primary
-	 * key ID $id assigned by the database. We can now use this
-	 * ID to load the bean from the database again and delete it.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|SimpleModel $bean bean to store
-	 *
-	 * @return integer|string
-	 */
-	public static function store( $bean )
-	{
-		return self::$redbean->store( $bean );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles fluid or frozen mode. In fluid mode the database
-	 * structure is adjusted to accomodate your objects. In frozen mode
-	 * this is not the case.
-	 *
-	 * You can also pass an array containing a selection of frozen types.
-	 * Let's call this chilly mode, it's just like fluid mode except that
-	 * certain types (i.e. tables) aren't touched.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean|array $tf mode of operation (TRUE means frozen)
-	 */
-	public static function freeze( $tf = TRUE )
-	{
-		self::$redbean->freeze( $tf );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Loads multiple types of beans with the same ID.
-	 * This might look like a strange method, however it can be useful
-	 * for loading a one-to-one relation. In a typical 1-1 relation,
-	 * you have two records sharing the same primary key.
-	 * RedBeanPHP has only limited support for 1-1 relations.
-	 * In general it is recommended to use 1-N for this.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * list( $author, $bio ) = R::loadMulti( 'author, bio', $id );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param string|array $types the set of types to load at once
-	 * @param mixed        $id    the common ID
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public static function loadMulti( $types, $id )
-	{
-		return MultiLoader::load( self::$redbean, $types, $id );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Loads a bean from the object database.
-	 * It searches for a OODBBean Bean Object in the
-	 * database. It does not matter how this bean has been stored.
-	 * RedBean uses the primary key ID $id and the string $type
-	 * to find the bean. The $type specifies what kind of bean you
-	 * are looking for; this is the same type as used with the
-	 * dispense() function. If RedBean finds the bean it will return
-	 * the OODB Bean object; if it cannot find the bean
-	 * RedBean will return a new bean of type $type and with
-	 * primary key ID 0. In the latter case it acts basically the
-	 * same as dispense().
-	 *
-	 * Important note:
-	 * If the bean cannot be found in the database a new bean of
-	 * the specified type will be generated and returned.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $post = R::dispense('post');
-	 * $post->title = 'my post';
-	 * $id = R::store( $post );
-	 * $post = R::load( 'post', $id );
-	 * R::trash( $post );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above, we create a new bean of type 'post'.
-	 * We then set the title of the bean to 'my post' and we
-	 * store the bean. The store() method will return the primary
-	 * key ID $id assigned by the database. We can now use this
-	 * ID to load the bean from the database again and delete it.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type    type of bean you want to load
-	 * @param integer $id      ID of the bean you want to load
-	 * @param string  $snippet string to use after select  (optional)
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public static function load( $type, $id, $snippet = NULL )
-	{
-		if ( $snippet !== NULL ) self::$writer->setSQLSelectSnippet( $snippet );
-		$bean = self::$redbean->load( $type, $id );
-		return $bean;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Same as load, but selects the bean for update, thus locking the bean.
-	 * This equals an SQL query like 'SELECT ... FROM ... FOR UPDATE'.
-	 * Use this method if you want to load a bean you intend to UPDATE.
-	 * This method should be used to 'LOCK a bean'.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $bean = R::loadForUpdate( 'bean', $id );
-	 * ...update...
-	 * R::store( $bean );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $type    type of bean you want to load
-	 * @param integer $id      ID of the bean you want to load
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public static function loadForUpdate( $type, $id )
-	{
-		return self::load( $type, $id, AQueryWriter::C_SELECT_SNIPPET_FOR_UPDATE );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Removes a bean from the database.
-	 * This function will remove the specified OODBBean
-	 * Bean Object from the database.
-	 *
-	 * This facade method also accepts a type-id combination,
-	 * in the latter case this method will attempt to load the specified bean
-	 * and THEN trash it.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $post = R::dispense('post');
-	 * $post->title = 'my post';
-	 * $id = R::store( $post );
-	 * $post = R::load( 'post', $id );
-	 * R::trash( $post );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above, we create a new bean of type 'post'.
-	 * We then set the title of the bean to 'my post' and we
-	 * store the bean. The store() method will return the primary
-	 * key ID $id assigned by the database. We can now use this
-	 * ID to load the bean from the database again and delete it.
-	 *
-	 * @param string|OODBBean|SimpleModel $beanOrType bean you want to remove from database
-	 * @param integer                     $id         ID if the bean to trash (optional, type-id variant only)
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function trash( $beanOrType, $id = NULL )
-	{
-		if ( is_string( $beanOrType ) ) return self::trash( self::load( $beanOrType, $id ) );
-		return self::$redbean->trash( $beanOrType );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Dispenses a new RedBean OODB Bean for use with
-	 * the rest of the methods. RedBeanPHP thinks in beans, the bean is the
-	 * primary way to interact with RedBeanPHP and the database managed by
-	 * RedBeanPHP. To load, store and delete data from the database using RedBeanPHP
-	 * you exchange these RedBeanPHP OODB Beans. The only exception to this rule
-	 * are the raw query methods like R::getCell() or R::exec() and so on.
-	 * The dispense method is the 'preferred way' to create a new bean.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book = R::dispense( 'book' );
-	 * $book->title = 'My Book';
-	 * R::store( $book );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This method can also be used to create an entire bean graph at once.
-	 * Given an array with keys specifying the property names of the beans
-	 * and a special _type key to indicate the type of bean, one can
-	 * make the Dispense Helper generate an entire hierarchy of beans, including
-	 * lists. To make dispense() generate a list, simply add a key like:
-	 * ownXList or sharedXList where X is the type of beans it contains and
-	 * a set its value to an array filled with arrays representing the beans.
-	 * Note that, although the type may have been hinted at in the list name,
-	 * you still have to specify a _type key for every bean array in the list.
-	 * Note that, if you specify an array to generate a bean graph, the number
-	 * parameter will be ignored.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 *  $book = R::dispense( [
+        if ( $partialBeans ) {
+            $redbean->getCurrentRepository()->usePartialBeans( $partialBeans );
+        }
+
+        self::$toolboxes[$key] = new ToolBox( $redbean, $adapter, $writer );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets PDO attributes for MySQL SSL connection.
+     *
+     * @param string $key  path client key i.e. '/etc/mysql/ssl/client-key.pem'
+     * @param string $cert path client cert i.e. '/etc/mysql/ssl/client-cert.pem'
+     * @param string $ca   path certifying agent certificate '/etc/mysql/ssl/ca-cert.pem'
+     * @param string $id   apply to toolbox (default = 'default')
+     */
+    public static function useMysqlSSL( $key, $cert, $ca, $id = 'default' ) {
+        $pdo = self::$toolboxes[$id]->getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->getPDO();
+        $pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_KEY,  $key);
+        $pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CERT,  $cert);
+        $pdo->setAttribute( \PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA,  $ca);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether a database identified with the specified key has
+     * already been added to the facade. This function will return TRUE
+     * if the database indicated by the key is available and FALSE otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param string $key the key/name of the database to check for
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public static function hasDatabase( $key )
+    {
+        return ( isset( self::$toolboxes[$key] ) );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Selects a different database for the Facade to work with.
+     * If you use the R::setup() you don't need this method. This method is meant
+     * for multiple database setups. This method selects the database identified by the
+     * database ID ($key). Use addDatabase() to add a new database, which in turn
+     * can be selected using selectDatabase(). If you use R::setup(), the resulting
+     * database will be stored under key 'default', to switch (back) to this database
+     * use R::selectDatabase( 'default' ). This method returns TRUE if the database has been
+     * switched and FALSE otherwise (for instance if you already using the specified database).
+     *
+     * @param  string $key Key of the database to select
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public static function selectDatabase( $key, $force = FALSE )
+    {
+        if ( self::$currentDB === $key && !$force ) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        if ( !isset( self::$toolboxes[$key] ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Database not found in registry. Add database using R::addDatabase().' );
+        }
+
+        self::configureFacadeWithToolbox( self::$toolboxes[$key] );
+        self::$currentDB = $key;
+
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles DEBUG mode.
+     * In Debug mode all SQL that happens under the hood will
+     * be printed to the screen and/or logged.
+     * If no database connection has been configured using R::setup() or
+     * R::selectDatabase() this method will throw an exception.
+     *
+     * There are 2 debug styles:
+     *
+     * Classic: separate parameter bindings, explicit and complete but less readable
+     * Fancy:   interpersed bindings, truncates large strings, highlighted schema changes
+     *
+     * Fancy style is more readable but sometimes incomplete.
+     *
+     * The first parameter turns debugging ON or OFF.
+     * The second parameter indicates the mode of operation:
+     *
+     * 0 Log and write to STDOUT classic style (default)
+     * 1 Log only, class style
+     * 2 Log and write to STDOUT fancy style
+     * 3 Log only, fancy style
+     *
+     * This function always returns the logger instance created to generate the
+     * debug messages.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $tf   debug mode (TRUE or FALSE)
+     * @param integer $mode mode of operation
+     *
+     * @return RDefault
+     * @throws RedException
+     */
+    public static function debug( $tf = TRUE, $mode = 0 )
+    {
+        if ($mode > 1) {
+            $mode -= 2;
+            $logger = new Debug;
+        } else {
+            $logger = new RDefault;
+        }
+
+        if ( !isset( self::$adapter ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Use R::setup() first.' );
+        }
+        $logger->setMode($mode);
+        self::$adapter->getDatabase()->setDebugMode( $tf, $logger );
+
+        return $logger;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turns on the fancy debugger.
+     * In 'fancy' mode the debugger will output queries with bound
+     * parameters inside the SQL itself. This method has been added to
+     * offer a convenient way to activate the fancy debugger system
+     * in one call.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $toggle TRUE to activate debugger and select 'fancy' mode
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function fancyDebug( $toggle = TRUE )
+    {
+        self::debug( $toggle, 2 );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inspects the database schema. If you pass the type of a bean this
+     * method will return the fields of its table in the database.
+     * The keys of this array will be the field names and the values will be
+     * the column types used to store their values.
+     * If no type is passed, this method returns a list of all tables in the database.
+     *
+     * @param string $type Type of bean (i.e. table) you want to inspect
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function inspect( $type = NULL )
+    {
+        return ($type === NULL) ? self::$writer->getTables() : self::$writer->getColumns( $type );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores a bean in the database. This method takes a
+     * OODBBean Bean Object $bean and stores it
+     * in the database. If the database schema is not compatible
+     * with this bean and RedBean runs in fluid mode the schema
+     * will be altered to store the bean correctly.
+     * If the database schema is not compatible with this bean and
+     * RedBean runs in frozen mode it will throw an exception.
+     * This function returns the primary key ID of the inserted
+     * bean.
+     *
+     * The return value is an integer if possible. If it is not possible to
+     * represent the value as an integer a string will be returned.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $post = R::dispense('post');
+     * $post->title = 'my post';
+     * $id = R::store( $post );
+     * $post = R::load( 'post', $id );
+     * R::trash( $post );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above, we create a new bean of type 'post'.
+     * We then set the title of the bean to 'my post' and we
+     * store the bean. The store() method will return the primary
+     * key ID $id assigned by the database. We can now use this
+     * ID to load the bean from the database again and delete it.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|SimpleModel $bean bean to store
+     *
+     * @return integer|string
+     */
+    public static function store( $bean )
+    {
+        return self::$redbean->store( $bean );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles fluid or frozen mode. In fluid mode the database
+     * structure is adjusted to accomodate your objects. In frozen mode
+     * this is not the case.
+     *
+     * You can also pass an array containing a selection of frozen types.
+     * Let's call this chilly mode, it's just like fluid mode except that
+     * certain types (i.e. tables) aren't touched.
+     *
+     * @param boolean|array $tf mode of operation (TRUE means frozen)
+     */
+    public static function freeze( $tf = TRUE )
+    {
+        self::$redbean->freeze( $tf );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads multiple types of beans with the same ID.
+     * This might look like a strange method, however it can be useful
+     * for loading a one-to-one relation. In a typical 1-1 relation,
+     * you have two records sharing the same primary key.
+     * RedBeanPHP has only limited support for 1-1 relations.
+     * In general it is recommended to use 1-N for this.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * list( $author, $bio ) = R::loadMulti( 'author, bio', $id );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param string|array $types the set of types to load at once
+     * @param mixed        $id    the common ID
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public static function loadMulti( $types, $id )
+    {
+        return MultiLoader::load( self::$redbean, $types, $id );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a bean from the object database.
+     * It searches for a OODBBean Bean Object in the
+     * database. It does not matter how this bean has been stored.
+     * RedBean uses the primary key ID $id and the string $type
+     * to find the bean. The $type specifies what kind of bean you
+     * are looking for; this is the same type as used with the
+     * dispense() function. If RedBean finds the bean it will return
+     * the OODB Bean object; if it cannot find the bean
+     * RedBean will return a new bean of type $type and with
+     * primary key ID 0. In the latter case it acts basically the
+     * same as dispense().
+     *
+     * Important note:
+     * If the bean cannot be found in the database a new bean of
+     * the specified type will be generated and returned.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $post = R::dispense('post');
+     * $post->title = 'my post';
+     * $id = R::store( $post );
+     * $post = R::load( 'post', $id );
+     * R::trash( $post );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above, we create a new bean of type 'post'.
+     * We then set the title of the bean to 'my post' and we
+     * store the bean. The store() method will return the primary
+     * key ID $id assigned by the database. We can now use this
+     * ID to load the bean from the database again and delete it.
+     *
+     * @param string  $type    type of bean you want to load
+     * @param integer $id      ID of the bean you want to load
+     * @param string  $snippet string to use after select  (optional)
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public static function load( $type, $id, $snippet = NULL )
+    {
+        if ( $snippet !== NULL ) self::$writer->setSQLSelectSnippet( $snippet );
+        $bean = self::$redbean->load( $type, $id );
+        return $bean;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Same as load, but selects the bean for update, thus locking the bean.
+     * This equals an SQL query like 'SELECT ... FROM ... FOR UPDATE'.
+     * Use this method if you want to load a bean you intend to UPDATE.
+     * This method should be used to 'LOCK a bean'.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $bean = R::loadForUpdate( 'bean', $id );
+     * ...update...
+     * R::store( $bean );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param string  $type    type of bean you want to load
+     * @param integer $id      ID of the bean you want to load
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public static function loadForUpdate( $type, $id )
+    {
+        return self::load( $type, $id, AQueryWriter::C_SELECT_SNIPPET_FOR_UPDATE );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a bean from the database.
+     * This function will remove the specified OODBBean
+     * Bean Object from the database.
+     *
+     * This facade method also accepts a type-id combination,
+     * in the latter case this method will attempt to load the specified bean
+     * and THEN trash it.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $post = R::dispense('post');
+     * $post->title = 'my post';
+     * $id = R::store( $post );
+     * $post = R::load( 'post', $id );
+     * R::trash( $post );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above, we create a new bean of type 'post'.
+     * We then set the title of the bean to 'my post' and we
+     * store the bean. The store() method will return the primary
+     * key ID $id assigned by the database. We can now use this
+     * ID to load the bean from the database again and delete it.
+     *
+     * @param string|OODBBean|SimpleModel $beanOrType bean you want to remove from database
+     * @param integer                     $id         ID if the bean to trash (optional, type-id variant only)
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function trash( $beanOrType, $id = NULL )
+    {
+        if ( is_string( $beanOrType ) ) return self::trash( self::load( $beanOrType, $id ) );
+        return self::$redbean->trash( $beanOrType );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dispenses a new RedBean OODB Bean for use with
+     * the rest of the methods. RedBeanPHP thinks in beans, the bean is the
+     * primary way to interact with RedBeanPHP and the database managed by
+     * RedBeanPHP. To load, store and delete data from the database using RedBeanPHP
+     * you exchange these RedBeanPHP OODB Beans. The only exception to this rule
+     * are the raw query methods like R::getCell() or R::exec() and so on.
+     * The dispense method is the 'preferred way' to create a new bean.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book = R::dispense( 'book' );
+     * $book->title = 'My Book';
+     * R::store( $book );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This method can also be used to create an entire bean graph at once.
+     * Given an array with keys specifying the property names of the beans
+     * and a special _type key to indicate the type of bean, one can
+     * make the Dispense Helper generate an entire hierarchy of beans, including
+     * lists. To make dispense() generate a list, simply add a key like:
+     * ownXList or sharedXList where X is the type of beans it contains and
+     * a set its value to an array filled with arrays representing the beans.
+     * Note that, although the type may have been hinted at in the list name,
+     * you still have to specify a _type key for every bean array in the list.
+     * Note that, if you specify an array to generate a bean graph, the number
+     * parameter will be ignored.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     *  $book = R::dispense( [
      *   '_type' => 'book',
      *   'title'  => 'Gifted Programmers',
      *   'author' => [ '_type' => 'author', 'name' => 'Xavier' ],
      *   'ownPageList' => [ ['_type'=>'page', 'text' => '...'] ]
      * ] );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param string|array $typeOrBeanArray   type or bean array to import
-	 * @param integer      $num               number of beans to dispense
-	 * @param boolean      $alwaysReturnArray if TRUE always returns the result as an array
-	 *
-	 * @return array|OODBBean
-	 */
-	public static function dispense( $typeOrBeanArray, $num = 1, $alwaysReturnArray = FALSE )
-	{
-		return DispenseHelper::dispense( self::$redbean, $typeOrBeanArray, $num, $alwaysReturnArray );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Takes a comma separated list of bean types
-	 * and dispenses these beans. For each type in the list
-	 * you can specify the number of beans to be dispensed.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * list( $book, $page, $text ) = R::dispenseAll( 'book,page,text' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This will dispense a book, a page and a text. This way you can
-	 * quickly dispense beans of various types in just one line of code.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * list($book, $pages) = R::dispenseAll('book,page*100');
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This returns an array with a book bean and then another array
-	 * containing 100 page beans.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $order      a description of the desired dispense order using the syntax above
-	 * @param boolean $onlyArrays return only arrays even if amount < 2
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function dispenseAll( $order, $onlyArrays = FALSE )
-	{
-		return DispenseHelper::dispenseAll( self::$redbean, $order, $onlyArrays );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Convience method. Tries to find beans of a certain type,
-	 * if no beans are found, it dispenses a bean of that type.
-	 * Note that this function always returns an array.
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $type     type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param  string $sql      SQL code for finding the bean
-	 * @param  array  $bindings parameters to bind to SQL
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function findOrDispense( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		DispenseHelper::checkType( $type );
-		return self::$finder->findOrDispense( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Same as findOrDispense but returns just one element.
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $type     type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param  string $sql      SQL code for finding the bean
-	 * @param  array  $bindings parameters to bind to SQL
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public static function findOneOrDispense( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		DispenseHelper::checkType( $type );
-		$arrayOfBeans = self::findOrDispense( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-		return reset($arrayOfBeans);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Finds beans using a type and optional SQL statement.
-	 * As with most Query tools in RedBean you can provide values to
-	 * be inserted in the SQL statement by populating the value
-	 * array parameter; you can either use the question mark notation
-	 * or the slot-notation (:keyname).
-	 *
-	 * Your SQL does not have to start with a WHERE-clause condition.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param array  $bindings array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function find( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$finder->find( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Alias for find().
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param array  $bindings array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function findAll( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$finder->find( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Like find() but also exports the beans as an array.
-	 * This method will perform a find-operation. For every bean
-	 * in the result collection this method will call the export() method.
-	 * This method returns an array containing the array representations
-	 * of every bean in the result set.
-	 *
-	 * @see Finder::find
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     type   the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param string $sql      sql    SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function findAndExport( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$finder->findAndExport( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Like R::find() but returns the first bean only.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param array  $bindings array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean|NULL
-	 */
-	public static function findOne( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$finder->findOne( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @deprecated
-	 *
-	 * Like find() but returns the last bean of the result array.
-	 * Opposite of Finder::findLast().
-	 * If no beans are found, this method will return NULL.
-	 *
-	 * Please do not use this function, it is horribly ineffective.
-	 * Instead use a reversed ORDER BY clause and a LIMIT 1 with R::findOne().
-	 * This function should never be used and only remains for
-	 * the sake of backward compatibility.
-	 *
-	 * @see Finder::find
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean|NULL
-	 */
-	public static function findLast( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$finder->findLast( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Finds a BeanCollection using the repository.
-	 * A bean collection can be used to retrieve one bean at a time using
-	 * cursors - this is useful for processing large datasets. A bean collection
-	 * will not load all beans into memory all at once, just one at a time.
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param  string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
-	 * @param  array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
-	 *
-	 * @return BeanCollection
-	 */
-	public static function findCollection( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$finder->findCollection( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns a hashmap with bean arrays keyed by type using an SQL
-	 * query as its resource. Given an SQL query like 'SELECT movie.*, review.* FROM movie... JOIN review'
-	 * this method will return movie and review beans.
-	 *
-	 * Example:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $stuff = $finder->findMulti('movie,review', '
-	 *          SELECT movie.*, review.* FROM movie
-	 *          LEFT JOIN review ON review.movie_id = movie.id');
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * After this operation, $stuff will contain an entry 'movie' containing all
-	 * movies and an entry named 'review' containing all reviews (all beans).
-	 * You can also pass bindings.
-	 *
-	 * If you want to re-map your beans, so you can use $movie->ownReviewList without
-	 * having RedBeanPHP executing an SQL query you can use the fourth parameter to
-	 * define a selection of remapping closures.
-	 *
-	 * The remapping argument (optional) should contain an array of arrays.
-	 * Each array in the remapping array should contain the following entries:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array(
-	 * 	'a'       => TYPE A
-	 *    'b'       => TYPE B
-	 *    'matcher' => MATCHING FUNCTION ACCEPTING A, B and ALL BEANS
-	 *    'do'      => OPERATION FUNCTION ACCEPTING A, B, ALL BEANS, ALL REMAPPINGS
-	 * )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Using this mechanism you can build your own 'preloader' with tiny function
-	 * snippets (and those can be re-used and shared online of course).
-	 *
-	 * Example:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array(
-	 * 	'a'       => 'movie'     //define A as movie
-	 *    'b'       => 'review'    //define B as review
-	 *    'matcher' => function( $a, $b ) {
-	 *       return ( $b->movie_id == $a->id );  //Perform action if review.movie_id equals movie.id
-	 *    }
-	 *    'do'      => function( $a, $b ) {
-	 *       $a->noLoad()->ownReviewList[] = $b; //Add the review to the movie
-	 *       $a->clearHistory();                 //optional, act 'as if these beans have been loaded through ownReviewList'.
-	 *    }
-	 * )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @note the SQL query provided IS NOT THE ONE used internally by this function,
-	 * this function will pre-process the query to get all the data required to find the beans.
-	 *
-	 * @note if you use the 'book.*' notation make SURE you're
-	 * selector starts with a SPACE. ' book.*' NOT ',book.*'. This is because
-	 * it's actually an SQL-like template SLOT, not real SQL.
-	 *
-	 * @note instead of an SQL query you can pass a result array as well.
-	 *
-	 * @param string|array $types         a list of types (either array or comma separated string)
-	 * @param string|array $sql           an SQL query or an array of prefetched records
-	 * @param array        $bindings      optional, bindings for SQL query
-	 * @param array        $remappings    optional, an array of remapping arrays
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function findMulti( $types, $sql, $bindings = array(), $remappings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$finder->findMulti( $types, $sql, $bindings, $remappings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns an array of beans. Pass a type and a series of ids and
-	 * this method will bring you the corresponding beans.
-	 *
-	 * important note: Because this method loads beans using the load()
-	 * function (but faster) it will return empty beans with ID 0 for
-	 * every bean that could not be located. The resulting beans will have the
-	 * passed IDs as their keys.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of beans
-	 * @param array  $ids  ids to load
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function batch( $type, $ids )
-	{
-		return self::$redbean->batch( $type, $ids );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Alias for batch(). Batch method is older but since we added so-called *All
-	 * methods like storeAll, trashAll, dispenseAll and findAll it seemed logical to
-	 * improve the consistency of the Facade API and also add an alias for batch() called
-	 * loadAll.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of beans
-	 * @param array  $ids  ids to load
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function loadAll( $type, $ids )
-	{
-		return self::$redbean->batch( $type, $ids );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Convenience function to execute Queries directly.
-	 * Executes SQL.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql       SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings  a list of values to be bound to query parameters
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public static function exec( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::query( 'exec', $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
-	 * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
-	 * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
-	 * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
-	 * parameter bindings and returns all rows
-	 * and all columns.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function getAll( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::query( 'get', $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
-	 * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
-	 * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
-	 * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
-	 * parameter bindings and returns a single cell.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public static function getCell( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::query( 'getCell', $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
-	 * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
-	 * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
-	 * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
-	 * parameter bindings and returns a PDOCursor instance.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
-	 *
-	 * @return RedBeanPHP\Cursor\PDOCursor
-	 */
-	public static function getCursor( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::query( 'getCursor', $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
-	 * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
-	 * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
-	 * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
-	 * parameter bindings and returns a single row.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function getRow( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::query( 'getRow', $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
-	 * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
-	 * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
-	 * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
-	 * parameter bindings and returns a single column.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function getCol( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::query( 'getCol', $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Convenience function to execute Queries directly.
-	 * Executes SQL.
-	 * Results will be returned as an associative array. The first
-	 * column in the select clause will be used for the keys in this array and
-	 * the second column will be used for the values. If only one column is
-	 * selected in the query, both key and value of the array will have the
-	 * value of this field for each row.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function getAssoc( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::query( 'getAssoc', $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 *Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
-	 * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
-	 * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
-	 * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
-	 * parameter bindings and returns an associative array.
-	 * Results will be returned as an associative array indexed by the first
-	 * column in the select.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
-	 * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function getAssocRow( $sql, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::query( 'getAssocRow', $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the insert ID for databases that support/require this
-	 * functionality. Alias for R::getAdapter()->getInsertID().
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public static function getInsertID()
-	{
-		return self::$adapter->getInsertID();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Makes a copy of a bean. This method makes a deep copy
-	 * of the bean.The copy will have the following features.
-	 * - All beans in own-lists will be duplicated as well
-	 * - All references to shared beans will be copied but not the shared beans themselves
-	 * - All references to parent objects (_id fields) will be copied but not the parents themselves
-	 * In most cases this is the desired scenario for copying beans.
-	 * This function uses a trail-array to prevent infinite recursion, if a recursive bean is found
-	 * (i.e. one that already has been processed) the ID of the bean will be returned.
-	 * This should not happen though.
-	 *
-	 * Note:
-	 * This function does a reflectional database query so it may be slow.
-	 *
-	 * @deprecated
-	 * This function is deprecated in favour of R::duplicate().
-	 * This function has a confusing method signature, the R::duplicate() function
-	 * only accepts two arguments: bean and filters.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean    bean to be copied
-	 * @param array    $trail   for internal usage, pass array()
-	 * @param boolean  $pid     for internal usage
-	 * @param array    $filters white list filter with bean types to duplicate
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function dup( $bean, $trail = array(), $pid = FALSE, $filters = array() )
-	{
-		self::$duplicationManager->setFilters( $filters );
-		return self::$duplicationManager->dup( $bean, $trail, $pid );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Makes a deep copy of a bean. This method makes a deep copy
-	 * of the bean.The copy will have the following:
-	 *
-	 * * All beans in own-lists will be duplicated as well
-	 * * All references to shared beans will be copied but not the shared beans themselves
-	 * * All references to parent objects (_id fields) will be copied but not the parents themselves
-	 *
-	 * In most cases this is the desired scenario for copying beans.
-	 * This function uses a trail-array to prevent infinite recursion, if a recursive bean is found
-	 * (i.e. one that already has been processed) the ID of the bean will be returned.
-	 * This should not happen though.
-	 *
-	 * Note:
-	 * This function does a reflectional database query so it may be slow.
-	 *
-	 * Note:
-	 * This is a simplified version of the deprecated R::dup() function.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean  bean to be copied
-	 * @param array    $white white list filter with bean types to duplicate
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function duplicate( $bean, $filters = array() )
-	{
-		return self::dup( $bean, array(), FALSE, $filters );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Exports a collection of beans. Handy for XML/JSON exports with a
-	 * Javascript framework like Dojo or ExtJS.
-	 * What will be exported:
-	 *
-	 * * contents of the bean
-	 * * all own bean lists (recursively)
-	 * * all shared beans (not THEIR own lists)
-	 *
-	 * @param    array|OODBBean $beans   beans to be exported
-	 * @param    boolean        $parents whether you want parent beans to be exported
-	 * @param    array          $filters whitelist of types
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function exportAll( $beans, $parents = FALSE, $filters = array())
-	{
-		return self::$duplicationManager->exportAll( $beans, $parents, $filters, self::$exportCaseStyle );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Selects case style for export.
-	 * This will determine the case style for the keys of exported beans (see exportAll).
-	 * The following options are accepted:
-	 *
-	 * * 'default' RedBeanPHP by default enforces Snake Case (i.e. book_id is_valid )
-	 * * 'camel'   Camel Case   (i.e. bookId isValid   )
-	 * * 'dolphin' Dolphin Case (i.e. bookID isValid   ) Like CamelCase but ID is written all uppercase
-	 *
-	 * @warning RedBeanPHP transforms camelCase to snake_case using a slightly different
-	 * algorithm, it also converts isACL to is_acl (not is_a_c_l) and bookID to book_id.
-	 * Due to information loss this cannot be corrected. However if you might try
-	 * DolphinCase for IDs it takes into account the exception concerning IDs.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $caseStyle case style identifier
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function useExportCase( $caseStyle = 'default' )
-	{
-		if ( !in_array( $caseStyle, array( 'default', 'camel', 'dolphin' ) ) ) throw new RedException( 'Invalid case selected.' );
-		self::$exportCaseStyle = $caseStyle;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Converts a series of rows to beans.
-	 * This method converts a series of rows to beans.
-	 * The type of the desired output beans can be specified in the
-	 * first parameter. The second parameter is meant for the database
-	 * result rows.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $rows = R::getAll( 'SELECT * FROM ...' )
-	 * $beans = R::convertToBeans( $rows );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * As of version 4.3.2 you can specify a meta-mask.
-	 * Data from columns with names starting with the value specified in the mask
-	 * will be transferred to the meta section of a bean (under data.bundle).
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $rows = R::getAll( 'SELECT FROM... COUNT(*) AS extra_count ...' );
-	 * $beans = R::convertToBeans( $rows );
-	 * $bean = reset( $beans );
-	 * $data = $bean->getMeta( 'data.bundle' );
-	 * $extra_count = $data['extra_count'];
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * New in 4.3.2: meta mask. The meta mask is a special mask to send
-	 * data from raw result rows to the meta store of the bean. This is
-	 * useful for bundling additional information with custom queries.
-	 * Values of every column whos name starts with $mask will be
-	 * transferred to the meta section of the bean under key 'data.bundle'.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     type of beans to produce
-	 * @param array  $rows     must contain an array of array
-	 * @param string $metamask meta mask to apply (optional)
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function convertToBeans( $type, $rows, $metamask = NULL )
-	{
-		return self::$redbean->convertToBeans( $type, $rows, $metamask );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Just like converToBeans, but for one bean.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type      type of bean to produce
-	 * @param array  $row       one row from the database
-	 * @param string $metamask  metamask (see convertToBeans)
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public static function convertToBean( $type, $row, $metamask = NULL )
-	{
-		$beans = self::$redbean->convertToBeans( $type, array( $row ), $metamask );
-		$bean  = reset( $beans );
-		return $bean;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Tests whether a bean has been associated with one ore more
-	 * of the listed tags. If the third parameter is TRUE this method
-	 * will return TRUE only if all tags that have been specified are indeed
-	 * associated with the given bean, otherwise FALSE.
-	 * If the third parameter is FALSE this
-	 * method will return TRUE if one of the tags matches, FALSE if none
-	 * match.
-	 *
-	 * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
-	 * of tag names.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::hasTag( $blog, 'horror,movie', TRUE );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above returns TRUE if the $blog bean has been tagged
-	 * as BOTH horror and movie. If the post has only been tagged as 'movie'
-	 * or 'horror' this operation will return FALSE because the third parameter
-	 * has been set to TRUE.
-	 *
-	 * @param  OODBBean     $bean bean to check for tags
-	 * @param  array|string $tags list of tags
-	 * @param  boolean      $all  whether they must all match or just some
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public static function hasTag( $bean, $tags, $all = FALSE )
-	{
-		return self::$tagManager->hasTag( $bean, $tags, $all );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Removes all specified tags from the bean. The tags specified in
-	 * the second parameter will no longer be associated with the bean.
-	 *
-	 * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
-	 * of tag names.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::untag( $blog, 'smart,interesting' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above, the $blog bean will no longer
-	 * be associated with the tags 'smart' and 'interesting'.
-	 *
-	 * @param  OODBBean $bean    tagged bean
-	 * @param  array    $tagList list of tags (names)
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function untag( $bean, $tagList )
-	{
-		self::$tagManager->untag( $bean, $tagList );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Tags a bean or returns tags associated with a bean.
-	 * If $tagList is NULL or omitted this method will return a
-	 * comma separated list of tags associated with the bean provided.
-	 * If $tagList is a comma separated list (string) of tags all tags will
-	 * be associated with the bean.
-	 * You may also pass an array instead of a string.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::tag( $meal, "TexMex,Mexican" );
-	 * $tags = R::tag( $meal );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The first line in the example above will tag the $meal
-	 * as 'TexMex' and 'Mexican Cuisine'. The second line will
-	 * retrieve all tags attached to the meal object.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean    bean to tag
-	 * @param mixed    $tagList tags to attach to the specified bean
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public static function tag( OODBBean $bean, $tagList = NULL )
-	{
-		return self::$tagManager->tag( $bean, $tagList );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Adds tags to a bean.
-	 * If $tagList is a comma separated list of tags all tags will
-	 * be associated with the bean.
-	 * You may also pass an array instead of a string.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::addTags( $blog, ["halloween"] );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example adds the tag 'halloween' to the $blog
-	 * bean.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean    bean to tag
-	 * @param array    $tagList list of tags to add to bean
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function addTags( OODBBean $bean, $tagList )
-	{
-		self::$tagManager->addTags( $bean, $tagList );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns all beans that have been tagged with one or more
-	 * of the specified tags.
-	 *
-	 * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
-	 * of tag names.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $watchList = R::tagged(
-	 *   'movie',
-	 *   'horror,gothic',
-	 *   ' ORDER BY movie.title DESC LIMIT ?',
-	 *   [ 10 ]
-	 * );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example uses R::tagged() to find all movies that have been
-	 * tagged as 'horror' or 'gothic', order them by title and limit
-	 * the number of movies to be returned to 10.
-	 *
-	 * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
-	 * @param string       $sql      additional SQL (use only for pagination)
-	 * @param array        $bindings bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function tagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$tagManager->tagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns all beans that have been tagged with ALL of the tags given.
-	 * This method works the same as R::tagged() except that this method only returns
-	 * beans that have been tagged with all the specified labels.
-	 *
-	 * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
-	 * of tag names.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $watchList = R::taggedAll(
-	 *    'movie',
-	 *    [ 'gothic', 'short' ],
-	 *    ' ORDER BY movie.id DESC LIMIT ? ',
-	 *    [ 4 ]
-	 * );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above returns at most 4 movies (due to the LIMIT clause in the SQL
-	 * Query Snippet) that have been tagged as BOTH 'short' AND 'gothic'.
-	 *
-	 * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
-	 * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
-	 * @param array        $bindings bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function taggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$tagManager->taggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Same as taggedAll() but counts beans only (does not return beans).
-	 *
-	 * @see R::taggedAll
-	 *
-	 * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
-	 * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
-	 * @param array        $bindings bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public static function countTaggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$tagManager->countTaggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Same as tagged() but counts beans only (does not return beans).
-	 *
-	 * @see R::tagged
-	 *
-	 * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
-	 * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
-	 * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
-	 * @param array        $bindings bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public static function countTagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$tagManager->countTagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Wipes all beans of type $beanType.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $beanType type of bean you want to destroy entirely
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public static function wipe( $beanType )
-	{
-		return Facade::$redbean->wipe( $beanType );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Counts the number of beans of type $type.
-	 * This method accepts a second argument to modify the count-query.
-	 * A third argument can be used to provide bindings for the SQL snippet.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type     type of bean we are looking for
-	 * @param string $addSQL   additional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array  $bindings parameters to bind to SQL
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public static function count( $type, $addSQL = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return Facade::$redbean->count( $type, $addSQL, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Configures the facade, want to have a new Writer? A new Object Database or a new
-	 * Adapter and you want it on-the-fly? Use this method to hot-swap your facade with a new
-	 * toolbox.
-	 *
-	 * @param ToolBox $tb toolbox to configure facade with
-	 *
-	 * @return ToolBox
-	 */
-	public static function configureFacadeWithToolbox( ToolBox $tb )
-	{
-		$oldTools                 = self::$toolbox;
-		self::$toolbox            = $tb;
-		self::$writer             = self::$toolbox->getWriter();
-		self::$adapter            = self::$toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
-		self::$redbean            = self::$toolbox->getRedBean();
-		self::$finder             = new Finder( self::$toolbox );
-		self::$associationManager = new AssociationManager( self::$toolbox );
-		self::$tree               = new Tree( self::$toolbox );
-		self::$redbean->setAssociationManager( self::$associationManager );
-		self::$labelMaker         = new LabelMaker( self::$toolbox );
-		$helper                   = new SimpleModelHelper();
-		$helper->attachEventListeners( self::$redbean );
-		if (self::$redbean->getBeanHelper() == NULL) {
-			self::$redbean->setBeanHelper( new SimpleFacadeBeanHelper );
-		}
-		self::$duplicationManager = new DuplicationManager( self::$toolbox );
-		self::$tagManager         = new TagManager( self::$toolbox );
-		return $oldTools;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Facade Convience method for adapter transaction system.
-	 * Begins a transaction.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::begin();
-	 * try {
-	 *  $bean1 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
-	 *  R::store( $bean1 );
-	 *  $bean2 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
-	 *  R::store( $bean2 );
-	 *  R::commit();
-	 * } catch( \Exception $e ) {
-	 *  R::rollback();
-	 * }
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above illustrates how transactions in RedBeanPHP are used.
-	 * In this example 2 beans are stored or nothing is stored at all.
-	 * It's not possible for this piece of code to store only half of the beans.
-	 * If an exception occurs, the transaction gets rolled back and the database
-	 * will be left 'untouched'.
-	 *
-	 * In fluid mode transactions will be ignored and all queries will
-	 * be executed as-is because database schema changes will automatically
-	 * trigger the transaction system to commit everything in some database
-	 * systems. If you use a database that can handle DDL changes you might wish
-	 * to use setAllowFluidTransactions(TRUE). If you do this, the behavior of
-	 * this function in fluid mode will depend on the database platform used.
-	 *
-	 * @return bool
-	 */
-	public static function begin()
-	{
-		if ( !self::$allowFluidTransactions && !self::$redbean->isFrozen() ) return FALSE;
-		self::$adapter->startTransaction();
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Facade Convience method for adapter transaction system.
-	 * Commits a transaction.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::begin();
-	 * try {
-	 *  $bean1 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
-	 *  R::store( $bean1 );
-	 *  $bean2 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
-	 *  R::store( $bean2 );
-	 *  R::commit();
-	 * } catch( \Exception $e ) {
-	 *  R::rollback();
-	 * }
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above illustrates how transactions in RedBeanPHP are used.
-	 * In this example 2 beans are stored or nothing is stored at all.
-	 * It's not possible for this piece of code to store only half of the beans.
-	 * If an exception occurs, the transaction gets rolled back and the database
-	 * will be left 'untouched'.
-	 *
-	 * In fluid mode transactions will be ignored and all queries will
-	 * be executed as-is because database schema changes will automatically
-	 * trigger the transaction system to commit everything in some database
-	 * systems. If you use a database that can handle DDL changes you might wish
-	 * to use setAllowFluidTransactions(TRUE). If you do this, the behavior of
-	 * this function in fluid mode will depend on the database platform used.
-	 *
-	 * @return bool
-	 */
-	public static function commit()
-	{
-		if ( !self::$allowFluidTransactions && !self::$redbean->isFrozen() ) return FALSE;
-		self::$adapter->commit();
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Facade Convience method for adapter transaction system.
-	 * Rolls back a transaction.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::begin();
-	 * try {
-	 *  $bean1 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
-	 *  R::store( $bean1 );
-	 *  $bean2 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
-	 *  R::store( $bean2 );
-	 *  R::commit();
-	 * } catch( \Exception $e ) {
-	 *  R::rollback();
-	 * }
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above illustrates how transactions in RedBeanPHP are used.
-	 * In this example 2 beans are stored or nothing is stored at all.
-	 * It's not possible for this piece of code to store only half of the beans.
-	 * If an exception occurs, the transaction gets rolled back and the database
-	 * will be left 'untouched'.
-	 *
-	 * In fluid mode transactions will be ignored and all queries will
-	 * be executed as-is because database schema changes will automatically
-	 * trigger the transaction system to commit everything in some database
-	 * systems. If you use a database that can handle DDL changes you might wish
-	 * to use setAllowFluidTransactions(TRUE). If you do this, the behavior of
-	 * this function in fluid mode will depend on the database platform used.
-	 *
-	 * @return bool
-	 */
-	public static function rollback()
-	{
-		if ( !self::$allowFluidTransactions && !self::$redbean->isFrozen() ) return FALSE;
-		self::$adapter->rollback();
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns a list of columns. Format of this array:
-	 * array( fieldname => type )
-	 * Note that this method only works in fluid mode because it might be
-	 * quite heavy on production servers!
-	 *
-	 * @param  string $table name of the table (not type) you want to get columns of
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function getColumns( $table )
-	{
-		return self::$writer->getColumns( $table );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Generates question mark slots for an array of values.
-	 * Given an array and an optional template string this method
-	 * will produce string containing parameter slots for use in
-	 * an SQL query string.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::genSlots( array( 'a', 'b' ) );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The statement in the example will produce the string:
-	 * '?,?'.
-	 *
-	 * Another example, using a template string:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::genSlots( array('a', 'b'), ' IN( %s ) ' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The statement in the example will produce the string:
-	 * ' IN( ?,? ) '.
-	 *
-	 * @param array  $array    array to generate question mark slots for
-	 * @param string $template template to use
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public static function genSlots( $array, $template = NULL )
-	{
-		return ArrayTool::genSlots( $array, $template );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Flattens a multi dimensional bindings array for use with genSlots().
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::flat( array( 'a', array( 'b' ), 'c' ) );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * produces an array like: [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]
-	 *
-	 * @param array $array  array to flatten
-	 * @param array $result result array parameter (for recursion)
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function flat( $array, $result = array() )
-	{
-		return ArrayTool::flat( $array, $result );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Nukes the entire database.
-	 * This will remove all schema structures from the database.
-	 * Only works in fluid mode. Be careful with this method.
-	 *
-	 * @warning dangerous method, will remove all tables, columns etc.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function nuke()
-	{
-		if ( !self::$redbean->isFrozen() ) {
-			self::$writer->wipeAll();
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Short hand function to store a set of beans at once, IDs will be
-	 * returned as an array. For information please consult the R::store()
-	 * function.
-	 * A loop saver.
-	 *
-	 * @param array $beans list of beans to be stored
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function storeAll( $beans )
-	{
-		$ids = array();
-		foreach ( $beans as $bean ) {
-			$ids[] = self::store( $bean );
-		}
-		return $ids;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Short hand function to trash a set of beans at once.
-	 * For information please consult the R::trash() function.
-	 * A loop saver.
-	 *
-	 * @param array $beans list of beans to be trashed
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function trashAll( $beans )
-	{
-		foreach ( $beans as $bean ) {
-			self::trash( $bean );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Short hand function to trash a series of beans using
-	 * only IDs. This function combines trashAll and batch loading
-	 * in one call. Note that while this function accepts just
-	 * bean IDs, the beans will still be loaded first. This is because
-	 * the function still respects all the FUSE hooks that may have beeb
-	 * associated with the domain logic associated with these beans.
-	 * If you really want to delete just records from the database use
-	 * a simple DELETE-FROM SQL query instead.
-	 *
-	 * @param string type  $type the bean type you wish to trash
-	 * @param string array $ids  list of bean IDs
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function trashBatch( $type, $ids )
-	{
-		self::trashAll( self::batch( $type, $ids ) );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Short hand function to find and trash beans.
-	 * This function combines trashAll and find.
-	 * Given a bean type, a query snippet and optionally some parameter
-	 * bindings, this function will search for the beans described in the
-	 * query and its parameters and then feed them to the trashAll function
-	 * to be trashed.
-	 *
-	 * Note that while this function accepts just
-	 * a bean type and query snippet, the beans will still be loaded first. This is because
-	 * the function still respects all the FUSE hooks that may have been
-	 * associated with the domain logic associated with these beans.
-	 * If you really want to delete just records from the database use
-	 * a simple DELETE-FROM SQL query instead.
-	 *
-	 * Returns the number of beans deleted.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type       bean type to look for in database
-	 * @param string $sqlSnippet an SQL query snippet
-	 * @param array  $bindings   SQL parameter bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return int
-	 */
-	public static function hunt( $type, $sqlSnippet = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$numberOfTrashedBeans = 0;
-		$beans = self::findCollection( $type, $sqlSnippet, $bindings );
-		while( $bean = $beans->next() ) {
-			self::trash( $bean );
-			$numberOfTrashedBeans++;
-		}
-		return $numberOfTrashedBeans;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles Writer Cache.
-	 * Turns the Writer Cache on or off. The Writer Cache is a simple
-	 * query based caching system that may improve performance without the need
-	 * for cache management. This caching system will cache non-modifying queries
-	 * that are marked with special SQL comments. As soon as a non-marked query
-	 * gets executed the cache will be flushed. Only non-modifying select queries
-	 * have been marked therefore this mechanism is a rather safe way of caching, requiring
-	 * no explicit flushes or reloads. Of course this does not apply if you intend to test
-	 * or simulate concurrent querying.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $yesNo TRUE to enable cache, FALSE to disable cache
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function useWriterCache( $yesNo )
-	{
-		self::getWriter()->setUseCache( $yesNo );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * A label is a bean with only an id, type and name property.
-	 * This function will dispense beans for all entries in the array. The
-	 * values of the array will be assigned to the name property of each
-	 * individual bean.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type   type of beans you would like to have
-	 * @param array  $labels list of labels, names for each bean
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function dispenseLabels( $type, $labels )
-	{
-		return self::$labelMaker->dispenseLabels( $type, $labels );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Generates and returns an ENUM value. This is how RedBeanPHP handles ENUMs.
-	 * Either returns a (newly created) bean respresenting the desired ENUM
-	 * value or returns a list of all enums for the type.
-	 *
-	 * To obtain (and add if necessary) an ENUM value:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $tea->flavour = R::enum( 'flavour:apple' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Returns a bean of type 'flavour' with  name = apple.
-	 * This will add a bean with property name (set to APPLE) to the database
-	 * if it does not exist yet.
-	 *
-	 * To obtain all flavours:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::enum('flavour');
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * To get a list of all flavour names:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::gatherLabels( R::enum( 'flavour' ) );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param string $enum either type or type-value
-	 *
-	 * @return array|OODBBean
-	 */
-	public static function enum( $enum )
-	{
-		return self::$labelMaker->enum( $enum );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gathers labels from beans. This function loops through the beans,
-	 * collects the values of the name properties of each individual bean
-	 * and stores the names in a new array. The array then gets sorted using the
-	 * default sort function of PHP (sort).
-	 *
-	 * @param array $beans list of beans to loop
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function gatherLabels( $beans )
-	{
-		return self::$labelMaker->gatherLabels( $beans );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Closes the database connection.
-	 * While database connections are closed automatically at the end of the PHP script,
-	 * closing database connections is generally recommended to improve performance.
-	 * Closing a database connection will immediately return the resources to PHP.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::setup( ... );
-	 * ... do stuff ...
-	 * R::close();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function close()
-	{
-		if ( isset( self::$adapter ) ) {
-			self::$adapter->close();
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Simple convenience function, returns ISO date formatted representation
-	 * of $time.
-	 *
-	 * @param mixed $time UNIX timestamp
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public static function isoDate( $time = NULL )
-	{
-		if ( !$time ) {
-			$time = time();
-		}
-
-		return @date( 'Y-m-d', $time );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Simple convenience function, returns ISO date time
-	 * formatted representation
-	 * of $time.
-	 *
-	 * @param mixed $time UNIX timestamp
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public static function isoDateTime( $time = NULL )
-	{
-		if ( !$time ) $time = time();
-		return @date( 'Y-m-d H:i:s', $time );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the database adapter you want to use.
-	 * The database adapter manages the connection to the database
-	 * and abstracts away database driver specific interfaces.
-	 *
-	 * @param Adapter $adapter Database Adapter for facade to use
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function setDatabaseAdapter( Adapter $adapter )
-	{
-		self::$adapter = $adapter;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the Query Writer you want to use.
-	 * The Query Writer writes and executes database queries using
-	 * the database adapter. It turns RedBeanPHP 'commands' into
-	 * database 'statements'.
-	 *
-	 * @param QueryWriter $writer Query Writer instance for facade to use
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function setWriter( QueryWriter $writer )
-	{
-		self::$writer = $writer;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the OODB you want to use.
-	 * The RedBeanPHP Object oriented database is the main RedBeanPHP
-	 * interface that allows you to store and retrieve RedBeanPHP
-	 * objects (i.e. beans).
-	 *
-	 * @param OODB $redbean Object Database for facade to use
-	 */
-	public static function setRedBean( OODB $redbean )
-	{
-		self::$redbean = $redbean;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Optional accessor for neat code.
-	 * Sets the database adapter you want to use.
-	 *
-	 * @return DBAdapter
-	 */
-	public static function getDatabaseAdapter()
-	{
-		return self::$adapter;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * In case you use PDO (which is recommended and the default but not mandatory, hence
-	 * the database adapter), you can use this method to obtain the PDO object directly.
-	 * This is a convenience method, it will do the same as:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->getPDO();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * If the PDO object could not be found, for whatever reason, this method
-	 * will return NULL instead.
-	 *
-	 * @return NULL|PDO
-	 */
-	public static function getPDO()
-	{
-		$databaseAdapter = self::getDatabaseAdapter();
-		if ( is_null( $databaseAdapter ) ) return NULL;
-		$database = $databaseAdapter->getDatabase();
-		if ( is_null( $database ) ) return NULL;
-		if ( !method_exists( $database, 'getPDO' ) ) return NULL;
-		return $database->getPDO();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the current duplication manager instance.
-	 *
-	 * @return DuplicationManager
-	 */
-	public static function getDuplicationManager()
-	{
-		return self::$duplicationManager;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Optional accessor for neat code.
-	 * Sets the database adapter you want to use.
-	 *
-	 * @return QueryWriter
-	 */
-	public static function getWriter()
-	{
-		return self::$writer;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Optional accessor for neat code.
-	 * Sets the database adapter you want to use.
-	 *
-	 * @return OODB
-	 */
-	public static function getRedBean()
-	{
-		return self::$redbean;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the toolbox currently used by the facade.
-	 * To set the toolbox use R::setup() or R::configureFacadeWithToolbox().
-	 * To create a toolbox use Setup::kickstart(). Or create a manual
-	 * toolbox using the ToolBox class.
-	 *
-	 * @return ToolBox
-	 */
-	public static function getToolBox()
-	{
-		return self::$toolbox;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Mostly for internal use, but might be handy
-	 * for some users.
-	 * This returns all the components of the currently
-	 * selected toolbox.
-	 *
-	 * Returns the components in the following order:
-	 *
-	 * # OODB instance (getRedBean())
-	 * # Database Adapter
-	 * # Query Writer
-	 * # Toolbox itself
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function getExtractedToolbox()
-	{
-		return array( self::$redbean, self::$adapter, self::$writer, self::$toolbox );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Facade method for AQueryWriter::renameAssociation()
-	 *
-	 * @param string|array $from
-	 * @param string       $to
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function renameAssociation( $from, $to = NULL )
-	{
-		AQueryWriter::renameAssociation( $from, $to );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Little helper method for Resty Bean Can server and others.
-	 * Takes an array of beans and exports each bean.
-	 * Unlike exportAll this method does not recurse into own lists
-	 * and shared lists, the beans are exported as-is, only loaded lists
-	 * are exported.
-	 *
-	 * @param array $beans beans
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function beansToArray( $beans )
-	{
-		$list = array();
-		foreach( $beans as $bean ) $list[] = $bean->export();
-		return $list;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the error mode for FUSE.
-	 * What to do if a FUSE model method does not exist?
-	 * You can set the following options:
-	 *
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_IGNORE (default), ignores the call, returns NULL
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_LOG, logs the incident using error_log
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_NOTICE, triggers a E_USER_NOTICE
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_WARN, triggers a E_USER_WARNING
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_EXCEPTION, throws an exception
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_FUNC, allows you to specify a custom handler (function)
-	 * * OODBBean::C_ERR_FATAL, triggers a E_USER_ERROR
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * Custom handler method signature: handler( array (
-	 * 	'message' => string
-	 * 	'bean' => OODBBean
-	 * 	'method' => string
-	 * ) )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This method returns the old mode and handler as an array.
-	 *
-	 * @param integer       $mode mode, determines how to handle errors
-	 * @param callable|NULL $func custom handler (if applicable)
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function setErrorHandlingFUSE( $mode, $func = NULL )
-	{
-		return OODBBean::setErrorHandlingFUSE( $mode, $func );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Dumps bean data to array.
-	 * Given a one or more beans this method will
-	 * return an array containing first part of the string
-	 * representation of each item in the array.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * echo R::dump( $bean );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example shows how to echo the result of a simple
-	 * dump. This will print the string representation of the
-	 * specified bean to the screen, limiting the output per bean
-	 * to 35 characters to improve readability. Nested beans will
-	 * also be dumped.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|array $data either a bean or an array of beans
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function dump( $data )
-	{
-		return Dump::dump( $data );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Binds an SQL function to a column.
-	 * This method can be used to setup a decode/encode scheme or
-	 * perform UUID insertion. This method is especially useful for handling
-	 * MySQL spatial columns, because they need to be processed first using
-	 * the asText/GeomFromText functions.
-	 *
-	 * Example:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::bindFunc( 'read', 'location.point', 'asText' );
-	 * R::bindFunc( 'write', 'location.point', 'GeomFromText' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Passing NULL as the function will reset (clear) the function
-	 * for this column/mode.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $mode     mode for function: i.e. read or write
-	 * @param string $field    field (table.column) to bind function to
-	 * @param string $function SQL function to bind to specified column
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function bindFunc( $mode, $field, $function )
-	{
-		self::$redbean->bindFunc( $mode, $field, $function );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets global aliases.
-	 * Registers a batch of aliases in one go. This works the same as
-	 * fetchAs and setAutoResolve but explicitly. For instance if you register
-	 * the alias 'cover' for 'page' a property containing a reference to a
-	 * page bean called 'cover' will correctly return the page bean and not
-	 * a (non-existant) cover bean.
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::aliases( array( 'cover' => 'page' ) );
-	 * $book = R::dispense( 'book' );
-	 * $page = R::dispense( 'page' );
-	 * $book->cover = $page;
-	 * R::store( $book );
-	 * $book = $book->fresh();
-	 * $cover = $book->cover;
-	 * echo $cover->getMeta( 'type' ); //page
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The format of the aliases registration array is:
-	 *
-	 * {alias} => {actual type}
-	 *
-	 * In the example above we use:
-	 *
-	 * cover => page
-	 *
-	 * From that point on, every bean reference to a cover
-	 * will return a 'page' bean. Note that with autoResolve this
-	 * feature along with fetchAs() is no longer very important, although
-	 * relying on explicit aliases can be a bit faster.
-	 *
-	 * @param array $list list of global aliases to use
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function aliases( $list )
-	{
-		OODBBean::aliases( $list );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Tries to find a bean matching a certain type and
-	 * criteria set. If no beans are found a new bean
-	 * will be created, the criteria will be imported into this
-	 * bean and the bean will be stored and returned.
-	 * If multiple beans match the criteria only the first one
-	 * will be returned.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of bean to search for
-	 * @param array  $like criteria set describing the bean to search for
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public static function findOrCreate( $type, $like = array(), $sql = '' )
-	{
-		return self::$finder->findOrCreate( $type, $like, $sql = '' );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Tries to find beans matching the specified type and
-	 * criteria set.
-	 *
-	 * If the optional additional SQL snippet is a condition, it will
-	 * be glued to the rest of the query using the AND operator.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of bean to search for
-	 * @param array  $like optional criteria set describing the bean to search for
-	 * @param string $sql  optional additional SQL for sorting
-	 * @param array  $bindings bindings
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function findLike( $type, $like = array(), $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$finder->findLike( $type, $like, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Starts logging queries.
-	 * Use this method to start logging SQL queries being
-	 * executed by the adapter. Logging queries will not
-	 * print them on the screen. Use R::getLogs() to
-	 * retrieve the logs.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::startLogging();
-	 * R::store( R::dispense( 'book' ) );
-	 * R::find('book', 'id > ?',[0]);
-	 * $logs = R::getLogs();
-	 * $count = count( $logs );
-	 * print_r( $logs );
-	 * R::stopLogging();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above we start a logging session during
-	 * which we store an empty bean of type book. To inspect the
-	 * logs we invoke R::getLogs() after stopping the logging.
-	 *
-	 * @note you cannot use R::debug and R::startLogging
-	 * at the same time because R::debug is essentially a
-	 * special kind of logging.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function startLogging()
-	{
-		self::debug( TRUE, RDefault::C_LOGGER_ARRAY );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Stops logging and flushes the logs,
-	 * convient method to stop logging of queries.
-	 * Use this method to stop logging SQL queries being
-	 * executed by the adapter. Logging queries will not
-	 * print them on the screen. Use R::getLogs() to
-	 * retrieve the logs.
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::startLogging();
-	 * R::store( R::dispense( 'book' ) );
-	 * R::find('book', 'id > ?',[0]);
-	 * $logs = R::getLogs();
-	 * $count = count( $logs );
-	 * print_r( $logs );
-	 * R::stopLogging();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above we start a logging session during
-	 * which we store an empty bean of type book. To inspect the
-	 * logs we invoke R::getLogs() after stopping the logging.
-	 *
-	 * @note you cannot use R::debug and R::startLogging
-	 * at the same time because R::debug is essentially a
-	 * special kind of logging.
-	 *
-	 * @note by stopping the logging you also flush the logs.
-	 * Therefore, only stop logging AFTER you have obtained the
-	 * query logs using R::getLogs()
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function stopLogging()
-	{
-		self::debug( FALSE );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the log entries written after the startLogging.
-	 *
-	 * Use this method to obtain the query logs gathered
-	 * by the logging mechanisms.
-	 * Logging queries will not
-	 * print them on the screen. Use R::getLogs() to
-	 * retrieve the logs.
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::startLogging();
-	 * R::store( R::dispense( 'book' ) );
-	 * R::find('book', 'id > ?',[0]);
-	 * $logs = R::getLogs();
-	 * $count = count( $logs );
-	 * print_r( $logs );
-	 * R::stopLogging();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * In the example above we start a logging session during
-	 * which we store an empty bean of type book. To inspect the
-	 * logs we invoke R::getLogs() after stopping the logging.
-	 *
-	 * The logs may look like:
-	 *
-	 * [1] => SELECT `book`.*  FROM `book`  WHERE id > ?  -- keep-cache
-	 * [2] => array ( 0 => 0, )
-	 * [3] => resultset: 1 rows
-	 *
-	 * Basically, element in the array is a log entry.
-	 * Parameter bindings are  represented as nested arrays (see 2).
-	 *
-	 * @note you cannot use R::debug and R::startLogging
-	 * at the same time because R::debug is essentially a
-	 * special kind of logging.
-	 *
-	 * @note by stopping the logging you also flush the logs.
-	 * Therefore, only stop logging AFTER you have obtained the
-	 * query logs using R::getLogs()
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function getLogs()
-	{
-		return self::getLogger()->getLogs();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Resets the query counter.
-	 * The query counter can be used to monitor the number
-	 * of database queries that have
-	 * been processed according to the database driver. You can use this
-	 * to monitor the number of queries required to render a page.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::resetQueryCount();
-	 * echo R::getQueryCount() . ' queries processed.';
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function resetQueryCount()
-	{
-		self::$adapter->getDatabase()->resetCounter();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the number of SQL queries processed.
-	 * This method returns the number of database queries that have
-	 * been processed according to the database driver. You can use this
-	 * to monitor the number of queries required to render a page.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * echo R::getQueryCount() . ' queries processed.';
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public static function getQueryCount()
-	{
-		return self::$adapter->getDatabase()->getQueryCount();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the current logger instance being used by the
-	 * database object.
-	 *
-	 * @return Logger
-	 */
-	public static function getLogger()
-	{
-		return self::$adapter->getDatabase()->getLogger();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Alias for setAutoResolve() method on OODBBean.
-	 * Enables or disables auto-resolving fetch types.
-	 * Auto-resolving aliased parent beans is convenient but can
-	 * be slower and can create infinite recursion if you
-	 * used aliases to break cyclic relations in your domain.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $automatic TRUE to enable automatic resolving aliased parents
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function setAutoResolve( $automatic = TRUE )
-	{
-		OODBBean::setAutoResolve( (boolean) $automatic );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles 'partial bean mode'. If this mode has been
-	 * selected the repository will only update the fields of a bean that
-	 * have been changed rather than the entire bean.
-	 * Pass the value TRUE to select 'partial mode' for all beans.
-	 * Pass the value FALSE to disable 'partial mode'.
-	 * Pass an array of bean types if you wish to use partial mode only
-	 * for some types.
-	 * This method will return the previous value.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean|array $yesNoBeans List of type names or 'all'
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public static function usePartialBeans( $yesNoBeans )
-	{
-		return self::$redbean->getCurrentRepository()->usePartialBeans( $yesNoBeans );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Exposes the result of the specified SQL query as a CSV file.
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * R::csv( 'SELECT
-	 *                 `name`,
-	 *                  population
-	 *          FROM city
-	 *          WHERE region = :region ',
-	 *          array( ':region' => 'Denmark' ),
-	 *          array( 'city', 'population' ),
-	 *          '/tmp/cities.csv'
-	 * );
-	 *
-	 * The command above will select all cities in Denmark
-	 * and create a CSV with columns 'city' and 'population' and
-	 * populate the cells under these column headers with the
-	 * names of the cities and the population numbers respectively.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $sql      SQL query to expose result of
-	 * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings
-	 * @param array   $columns  column headers for CSV file
-	 * @param string  $path     path to save CSV file to
-	 * @param boolean $output   TRUE to output CSV directly using readfile
-	 * @param array   $options  delimiter, quote and escape character respectively
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function csv( $sql = '', $bindings = array(), $columns = NULL, $path = '/tmp/redexport_%s.csv', $output = TRUE )
-	{
-		$quickExport = new QuickExport( self::$toolbox );
-		$quickExport->csv( $sql, $bindings, $columns, $path, $output );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * MatchUp is a powerful productivity boosting method that can replace simple control
-	 * scripts with a single RedBeanPHP command. Typically, matchUp() is used to
-	 * replace login scripts, token generation scripts and password reset scripts.
-	 * The MatchUp method takes a bean type, an SQL query snippet (starting at the WHERE clause),
-	 * SQL bindings, a pair of task arrays and a bean reference.
-	 *
-	 * If the first 3 parameters match a bean, the first task list will be considered,
-	 * otherwise the second one will be considered. On consideration, each task list,
-	 * an array of keys and values will be executed. Every key in the task list should
-	 * correspond to a bean property while every value can either be an expression to
-	 * be evaluated or a closure (PHP 5.3+). After applying the task list to the bean
-	 * it will be stored. If no bean has been found, a new bean will be dispensed.
-	 *
-	 * This method will return TRUE if the bean was found and FALSE if not AND
-	 * there was a NOT-FOUND task list. If no bean was found AND there was also
-	 * no second task list, NULL will be returned.
-	 *
-	 * To obtain the bean, pass a variable as the sixth parameter.
-	 * The function will put the matching bean in the specified variable.
-	 *
-	 * @param string   $type         type of bean you're looking for
-	 * @param string   $sql          SQL snippet (starting at the WHERE clause, omit WHERE-keyword)
-	 * @param array    $bindings     array of parameter bindings for SQL snippet
-	 * @param array    $onFoundDo    task list to be considered on finding the bean
-	 * @param array    $onNotFoundDo task list to be considered on NOT finding the bean
-	 * @param OODBBean &$bean        reference to obtain the found bean
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public static function matchUp( $type, $sql, $bindings = array(), $onFoundDo = NULL, $onNotFoundDo = NULL, &$bean = NULL 	) {
-		$matchUp = new MatchUp( self::$toolbox );
-		return $matchUp->matchUp( $type, $sql, $bindings, $onFoundDo, $onNotFoundDo, $bean );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @deprecated
-	 *
-	 * Returns an instance of the Look Helper class.
-	 * The instance will be configured with the current toolbox.
-	 *
-	 * In previous versions of RedBeanPHP you had to use:
-	 * R::getLook()->look() instead of R::look(). However to improve useability of the
-	 * library the look() function can now directly be invoked from the facade.
-	 *
-	 * For more details regarding the Look functionality, please consult R::look().
-	 * @see Facade::look
-	 * @see Look::look
-	 *
-	 * @return Look
-	 */
-	public static function getLook()
-	{
-		return new Look( self::$toolbox );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Takes an full SQL query with optional bindings, a series of keys, a template
-	 * and optionally a filter function and glue and assembles a view from all this.
-	 * This is the fastest way from SQL to view. Typically this function is used to
-	 * generate pulldown (select tag) menus with options queried from the database.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $htmlPulldown = R::look(
-	 *   'SELECT * FROM color WHERE value != ? ORDER BY value ASC',
-	 *   [ 'g' ],
-	 *   [ 'value', 'name' ],
-	 *   '<option value="%s">%s</option>',
-	 *   'strtoupper',
-	 *   "\n"
-	 * );
-	 *</code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above creates an HTML fragment like this:
-	 *
-	 * <option value="B">BLUE</option>
-	 * <option value="R">RED</option>
-	 *
-	 * to pick a color from a palette. The HTML fragment gets constructed by
-	 * an SQL query that selects all colors that do not have value 'g' - this
-	 * excludes green. Next, the bean properties 'value' and 'name' are mapped to the
-	 * HTML template string, note that the order here is important. The mapping and
-	 * the HTML template string follow vsprintf-rules. All property values are then
-	 * passed through the specified filter function 'strtoupper' which in this case
-	 * is a native PHP function to convert strings to uppercase characters only.
-	 * Finally the resulting HTML fragment strings are glued together using a
-	 * newline character specified in the last parameter for readability.
-	 *
-	 * In previous versions of RedBeanPHP you had to use:
-	 * R::getLook()->look() instead of R::look(). However to improve useability of the
-	 * library the look() function can now directly be invoked from the facade.
-	 *
-	 * @param string   $sql      query to execute
-	 * @param array    $bindings parameters to bind to slots mentioned in query or an empty array
-	 * @param array    $keys     names in result collection to map to template
-	 * @param string   $template HTML template to fill with values associated with keys, use printf notation (i.e. %s)
-	 * @param callable $filter   function to pass values through (for translation for instance)
-	 * @param string   $glue     optional glue to use when joining resulting strings
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public static function look( $sql, $bindings = array(), $keys = array( 'selected', 'id', 'name' ), $template = '<option %s value="%s">%s</option>', $filter = 'trim', $glue = '' )
-	{
-		return self::getLook()->look( $sql, $bindings, $keys, $template, $filter, $glue );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Calculates a diff between two beans (or arrays of beans).
-	 * The result of this method is an array describing the differences of the second bean compared to
-	 * the first, where the first bean is taken as reference. The array is keyed by type/property, id and property name, where
-	 * type/property is either the type (in case of the root bean) or the property of the parent bean where the type resides.
-	 * The diffs are mainly intended for logging, you cannot apply these diffs as patches to other beans.
-	 * However this functionality might be added in the future.
-	 *
-	 * The keys of the array can be formatted using the $format parameter.
-	 * A key will be composed of a path (1st), id (2nd) and property (3rd).
-	 * Using printf-style notation you can determine the exact format of the key.
-	 * The default format will look like:
-	 *
-	 * 'book.1.title' => array( <OLDVALUE>, <NEWVALUE> )
-	 *
-	 * If you only want a simple diff of one bean and you don't care about ids,
-	 * you might pass a format like: '%1$s.%3$s' which gives:
-	 *
-	 * 'book.1.title' => array( <OLDVALUE>, <NEWVALUE> )
-	 *
-	 * The filter parameter can be used to set filters, it should be an array
-	 * of property names that have to be skipped. By default this array is filled with
-	 * two strings: 'created' and 'modified'.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|array $bean    reference beans
-	 * @param OODBBean|array $other   beans to compare
-	 * @param array          $filters names of properties of all beans to skip
-	 * @param string         $format  the format of the key, defaults to '%s.%s.%s'
-	 * @param string         $type    type/property of bean to use for key generation
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function diff( $bean, $other, $filters = array( 'created', 'modified' ), $pattern = '%s.%s.%s' )
-	{
-		$diff = new Diff( self::$toolbox );
-		return $diff->diff( $bean, $other, $filters, $pattern );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * The gentleman's way to register a RedBeanPHP ToolBox instance
-	 * with the facade. Stores the toolbox in the static toolbox
-	 * registry of the facade class. This allows for a neat and
-	 * explicit way to register a toolbox.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $key     key to store toolbox instance under
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox toolbox to register
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function addToolBoxWithKey( $key, ToolBox $toolbox )
-	{
-		self::$toolboxes[$key] = $toolbox;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * The gentleman's way to remove a RedBeanPHP ToolBox instance
-	 * from the facade. Removes the toolbox identified by
-	 * the specified key in the static toolbox
-	 * registry of the facade class. This allows for a neat and
-	 * explicit way to remove a toolbox.
-	 * Returns TRUE if the specified toolbox was found and removed.
-	 * Returns FALSE otherwise.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $key     identifier of the toolbox to remove
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public static function removeToolBoxByKey( $key )
-	{
-		if ( !array_key_exists( $key, self::$toolboxes ) ) {
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		return TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns the toolbox associated with the specified key.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $key     key to store toolbox instance under
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox toolbox to register
-	 *
-	 * @return ToolBox|NULL
-	 */
-	public static function getToolBoxByKey( $key )
-	{
-		if ( !array_key_exists( $key, self::$toolboxes ) ) {
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		return self::$toolboxes[$key];
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles JSON column features.
-	 * Invoking this method with boolean TRUE causes 2 JSON features to be enabled.
-	 * Beans will automatically JSONify any array that's not in a list property and
-	 * the Query Writer (if capable) will attempt to create a JSON column for strings that
-	 * appear to contain JSON.
-	 *
-	 * Feature #1:
-	 * AQueryWriter::useJSONColumns
-	 *
-	 * Toggles support for automatic generation of JSON columns.
-	 * Using JSON columns means that strings containing JSON will
-	 * cause the column to be created (not modified) as a JSON column.
-	 * However it might also trigger exceptions if this means the DB attempts to
-	 * convert a non-json column to a JSON column.
-	 *
-	 * Feature #2:
-	 * OODBBean::convertArraysToJSON
-	 *
-	 * Toggles array to JSON conversion. If set to TRUE any array
-	 * set to a bean property that's not a list will be turned into
-	 * a JSON string. Used together with AQueryWriter::useJSONColumns this
-	 * extends the data type support for JSON columns.
-	 *
-	 * So invoking this method is the same as:
-	 *
-	 * AQueryWriter::useJSONColumns( $flag );
-	 * OODBBean::convertArraysToJSON( $flag );
-	 *
-	 * Unlike the methods above, that return the previous state, this
-	 * method does not return anything (void).
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $flag feature flag (either TRUE or FALSE)
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function useJSONFeatures( $flag )
-	{
-		AQueryWriter::useJSONColumns( $flag );
-		OODBBean::convertArraysToJSON( $flag );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @experimental
-	 *
-	 * Given a bean and an optional SQL snippet,
-	 * this method will return all child beans in a hierarchically structured
-	 * bean table.
-	 *
-	 * @note that not all database support this functionality. You'll need
-	 * at least MariaDB 10.2.2 or Postgres. This method does not include
-	 * a warning mechanism in case your database does not support this
-	 * functionality.
-	 *
-	 * @note that this functionality is considered 'experimental'.
-	 * It may still contain bugs.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean     bean to find children of
-	 * @param string   $sql      optional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array    $bindings SQL snippet parameter bindings
-	 */
-	public static function children( OODBBean $bean, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$tree->children( $bean, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @experimental
-	 *
-	 * Given a bean and an optional SQL snippet,
-	 * this method will return all parent beans in a hierarchically structured
-	 * bean table.
-	 *
-	 * @note that not all database support this functionality. You'll need
-	 * at least MariaDB 10.2.2 or Postgres. This method does not include
-	 * a warning mechanism in case your database does not support this
-	 * functionality.
-	 *
-	 * @note that this functionality is considered 'experimental'.
-	 * It may still contain bugs.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean     bean to find parents of
-	 * @param string   $sql      optional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array    $bindings SQL snippet parameter bindings
-	 */
-	public static function parents( OODBBean $bean, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		return self::$tree->parents( $bean, $sql, $bindings );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Toggles support for nuke().
-	 * Can be used to turn off the nuke() feature for security reasons.
-	 * Returns the old flag value.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $flag TRUE or FALSE
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	public static function noNuke( $yesNo ) {
-		return AQueryWriter::forbidNuke( $yesNo );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Selects the feature set you want as specified by
-	 * the label.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 * R::useFeatureSet( 'novice/latest' );
-	 *
-	 * @param string $label label
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function useFeatureSet( $label ) {
-		return Feature::feature($label);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Dynamically extends the facade with a plugin.
-	 * Using this method you can register your plugin with the facade and then
-	 * use the plugin by invoking the name specified plugin name as a method on
-	 * the facade.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::ext( 'makeTea', function() { ... }  );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * Now you can use your makeTea plugin like this:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::makeTea();
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param string   $pluginName name of the method to call the plugin
-	 * @param callable $callable   a PHP callable
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function ext( $pluginName, $callable )
-	{
-		if ( !ctype_alnum( $pluginName ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Plugin name may only contain alphanumeric characters.' );
-		}
-		self::$plugins[$pluginName] = $callable;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Call static for use with dynamic plugins. This magic method will
-	 * intercept static calls and route them to the specified plugin.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $pluginName name of the plugin
-	 * @param array  $params     list of arguments to pass to plugin method
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public static function __callStatic( $pluginName, $params )
-	{
-		if ( !ctype_alnum( $pluginName) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Plugin name may only contain alphanumeric characters.' );
-		}
-		if ( !isset( self::$plugins[$pluginName] ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Plugin \''.$pluginName.'\' does not exist, add this plugin using: R::ext(\''.$pluginName.'\')' );
-		}
-		return call_user_func_array( self::$plugins[$pluginName], $params );
-	}
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param string|array $typeOrBeanArray   type or bean array to import
+     * @param integer      $num               number of beans to dispense
+     * @param boolean      $alwaysReturnArray if TRUE always returns the result as an array
+     *
+     * @return array|OODBBean
+     */
+    public static function dispense( $typeOrBeanArray, $num = 1, $alwaysReturnArray = FALSE )
+    {
+        return DispenseHelper::dispense( self::$redbean, $typeOrBeanArray, $num, $alwaysReturnArray );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Takes a comma separated list of bean types
+     * and dispenses these beans. For each type in the list
+     * you can specify the number of beans to be dispensed.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * list( $book, $page, $text ) = R::dispenseAll( 'book,page,text' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This will dispense a book, a page and a text. This way you can
+     * quickly dispense beans of various types in just one line of code.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * list($book, $pages) = R::dispenseAll('book,page*100');
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This returns an array with a book bean and then another array
+     * containing 100 page beans.
+     *
+     * @param string  $order      a description of the desired dispense order using the syntax above
+     * @param boolean $onlyArrays return only arrays even if amount < 2
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function dispenseAll( $order, $onlyArrays = FALSE )
+    {
+        return DispenseHelper::dispenseAll( self::$redbean, $order, $onlyArrays );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convience method. Tries to find beans of a certain type,
+     * if no beans are found, it dispenses a bean of that type.
+     * Note that this function always returns an array.
+     *
+     * @param  string $type     type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param  string $sql      SQL code for finding the bean
+     * @param  array  $bindings parameters to bind to SQL
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function findOrDispense( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        DispenseHelper::checkType( $type );
+        return self::$finder->findOrDispense( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Same as findOrDispense but returns just one element.
+     *
+     * @param  string $type     type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param  string $sql      SQL code for finding the bean
+     * @param  array  $bindings parameters to bind to SQL
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public static function findOneOrDispense( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        DispenseHelper::checkType( $type );
+        $arrayOfBeans = self::findOrDispense( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+        return reset($arrayOfBeans);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds beans using a type and optional SQL statement.
+     * As with most Query tools in RedBean you can provide values to
+     * be inserted in the SQL statement by populating the value
+     * array parameter; you can either use the question mark notation
+     * or the slot-notation (:keyname).
+     *
+     * Your SQL does not have to start with a WHERE-clause condition.
+     *
+     * @param string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param array  $bindings array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function find( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$finder->find( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Alias for find().
+     *
+     * @param string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param array  $bindings array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function findAll( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$finder->find( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like find() but also exports the beans as an array.
+     * This method will perform a find-operation. For every bean
+     * in the result collection this method will call the export() method.
+     * This method returns an array containing the array representations
+     * of every bean in the result set.
+     *
+     * @see Finder::find
+     *
+     * @param string $type     type   the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param string $sql      sql    SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function findAndExport( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$finder->findAndExport( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like R::find() but returns the first bean only.
+     *
+     * @param string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param array  $bindings array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean|NULL
+     */
+    public static function findOne( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$finder->findOne( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated
+     *
+     * Like find() but returns the last bean of the result array.
+     * Opposite of Finder::findLast().
+     * If no beans are found, this method will return NULL.
+     *
+     * Please do not use this function, it is horribly ineffective.
+     * Instead use a reversed ORDER BY clause and a LIMIT 1 with R::findOne().
+     * This function should never be used and only remains for
+     * the sake of backward compatibility.
+     *
+     * @see Finder::find
+     *
+     * @param string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean|NULL
+     */
+    public static function findLast( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$finder->findLast( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds a BeanCollection using the repository.
+     * A bean collection can be used to retrieve one bean at a time using
+     * cursors - this is useful for processing large datasets. A bean collection
+     * will not load all beans into memory all at once, just one at a time.
+     *
+     * @param  string $type     the type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param  string $sql      SQL query to find the desired bean, starting right after WHERE clause
+     * @param  array  $bindings values array of values to be bound to parameters in query
+     *
+     * @return BeanCollection
+     */
+    public static function findCollection( $type, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$finder->findCollection( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a hashmap with bean arrays keyed by type using an SQL
+     * query as its resource. Given an SQL query like 'SELECT movie.*, review.* FROM movie... JOIN review'
+     * this method will return movie and review beans.
+     *
+     * Example:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $stuff = $finder->findMulti('movie,review', '
+     *          SELECT movie.*, review.* FROM movie
+     *          LEFT JOIN review ON review.movie_id = movie.id');
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * After this operation, $stuff will contain an entry 'movie' containing all
+     * movies and an entry named 'review' containing all reviews (all beans).
+     * You can also pass bindings.
+     *
+     * If you want to re-map your beans, so you can use $movie->ownReviewList without
+     * having RedBeanPHP executing an SQL query you can use the fourth parameter to
+     * define a selection of remapping closures.
+     *
+     * The remapping argument (optional) should contain an array of arrays.
+     * Each array in the remapping array should contain the following entries:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array(
+     * 	'a'       => TYPE A
+     *    'b'       => TYPE B
+     *    'matcher' => MATCHING FUNCTION ACCEPTING A, B and ALL BEANS
+     *    'do'      => OPERATION FUNCTION ACCEPTING A, B, ALL BEANS, ALL REMAPPINGS
+     * )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Using this mechanism you can build your own 'preloader' with tiny function
+     * snippets (and those can be re-used and shared online of course).
+     *
+     * Example:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array(
+     * 	'a'       => 'movie'     //define A as movie
+     *    'b'       => 'review'    //define B as review
+     *    'matcher' => function( $a, $b ) {
+     *       return ( $b->movie_id == $a->id );  //Perform action if review.movie_id equals movie.id
+     *    }
+     *    'do'      => function( $a, $b ) {
+     *       $a->noLoad()->ownReviewList[] = $b; //Add the review to the movie
+     *       $a->clearHistory();                 //optional, act 'as if these beans have been loaded through ownReviewList'.
+     *    }
+     * )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @note the SQL query provided IS NOT THE ONE used internally by this function,
+     * this function will pre-process the query to get all the data required to find the beans.
+     *
+     * @note if you use the 'book.*' notation make SURE you're
+     * selector starts with a SPACE. ' book.*' NOT ',book.*'. This is because
+     * it's actually an SQL-like template SLOT, not real SQL.
+     *
+     * @note instead of an SQL query you can pass a result array as well.
+     *
+     * @param string|array $types         a list of types (either array or comma separated string)
+     * @param string|array $sql           an SQL query or an array of prefetched records
+     * @param array        $bindings      optional, bindings for SQL query
+     * @param array        $remappings    optional, an array of remapping arrays
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function findMulti( $types, $sql, $bindings = array(), $remappings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$finder->findMulti( $types, $sql, $bindings, $remappings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of beans. Pass a type and a series of ids and
+     * this method will bring you the corresponding beans.
+     *
+     * important note: Because this method loads beans using the load()
+     * function (but faster) it will return empty beans with ID 0 for
+     * every bean that could not be located. The resulting beans will have the
+     * passed IDs as their keys.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of beans
+     * @param array  $ids  ids to load
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function batch( $type, $ids )
+    {
+        return self::$redbean->batch( $type, $ids );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Alias for batch(). Batch method is older but since we added so-called *All
+     * methods like storeAll, trashAll, dispenseAll and findAll it seemed logical to
+     * improve the consistency of the Facade API and also add an alias for batch() called
+     * loadAll.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of beans
+     * @param array  $ids  ids to load
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function loadAll( $type, $ids )
+    {
+        return self::$redbean->batch( $type, $ids );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to execute Queries directly.
+     * Executes SQL.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql       SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings  a list of values to be bound to query parameters
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public static function exec( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::query( 'exec', $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
+     * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
+     * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
+     * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
+     * parameter bindings and returns all rows
+     * and all columns.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function getAll( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::query( 'get', $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
+     * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
+     * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
+     * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
+     * parameter bindings and returns a single cell.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public static function getCell( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::query( 'getCell', $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
+     * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
+     * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
+     * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
+     * parameter bindings and returns a PDOCursor instance.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
+     *
+     * @return RedBeanPHP\Cursor\PDOCursor
+     */
+    public static function getCursor( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::query( 'getCursor', $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
+     * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
+     * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
+     * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
+     * parameter bindings and returns a single row.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function getRow( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::query( 'getRow', $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
+     * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
+     * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
+     * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
+     * parameter bindings and returns a single column.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function getCol( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::query( 'getCol', $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function to execute Queries directly.
+     * Executes SQL.
+     * Results will be returned as an associative array. The first
+     * column in the select clause will be used for the keys in this array and
+     * the second column will be used for the values. If only one column is
+     * selected in the query, both key and value of the array will have the
+     * value of this field for each row.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function getAssoc( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::query( 'getAssoc', $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *Convenience function to fire an SQL query using the RedBeanPHP
+     * database adapter. This method allows you to directly query the
+     * database without having to obtain an database adapter instance first.
+     * Executes the specified SQL query together with the specified
+     * parameter bindings and returns an associative array.
+     * Results will be returned as an associative array indexed by the first
+     * column in the select.
+     *
+     * @param string $sql      SQL query to execute
+     * @param array  $bindings a list of values to be bound to query parameters
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function getAssocRow( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::query( 'getAssocRow', $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the insert ID for databases that support/require this
+     * functionality. Alias for R::getAdapter()->getInsertID().
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public static function getInsertID()
+    {
+        return self::$adapter->getInsertID();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Makes a copy of a bean. This method makes a deep copy
+     * of the bean.The copy will have the following features.
+     * - All beans in own-lists will be duplicated as well
+     * - All references to shared beans will be copied but not the shared beans themselves
+     * - All references to parent objects (_id fields) will be copied but not the parents themselves
+     * In most cases this is the desired scenario for copying beans.
+     * This function uses a trail-array to prevent infinite recursion, if a recursive bean is found
+     * (i.e. one that already has been processed) the ID of the bean will be returned.
+     * This should not happen though.
+     *
+     * Note:
+     * This function does a reflectional database query so it may be slow.
+     *
+     * @deprecated
+     * This function is deprecated in favour of R::duplicate().
+     * This function has a confusing method signature, the R::duplicate() function
+     * only accepts two arguments: bean and filters.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean    bean to be copied
+     * @param array    $trail   for internal usage, pass array()
+     * @param boolean  $pid     for internal usage
+     * @param array    $filters white list filter with bean types to duplicate
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function dup( $bean, $trail = array(), $pid = FALSE, $filters = array() )
+    {
+        self::$duplicationManager->setFilters( $filters );
+        return self::$duplicationManager->dup( $bean, $trail, $pid );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Makes a deep copy of a bean. This method makes a deep copy
+     * of the bean.The copy will have the following:
+     *
+     * * All beans in own-lists will be duplicated as well
+     * * All references to shared beans will be copied but not the shared beans themselves
+     * * All references to parent objects (_id fields) will be copied but not the parents themselves
+     *
+     * In most cases this is the desired scenario for copying beans.
+     * This function uses a trail-array to prevent infinite recursion, if a recursive bean is found
+     * (i.e. one that already has been processed) the ID of the bean will be returned.
+     * This should not happen though.
+     *
+     * Note:
+     * This function does a reflectional database query so it may be slow.
+     *
+     * Note:
+     * This is a simplified version of the deprecated R::dup() function.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean  bean to be copied
+     * @param array    $white white list filter with bean types to duplicate
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function duplicate( $bean, $filters = array() )
+    {
+        return self::dup( $bean, array(), FALSE, $filters );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exports a collection of beans. Handy for XML/JSON exports with a
+     * Javascript framework like Dojo or ExtJS.
+     * What will be exported:
+     *
+     * * contents of the bean
+     * * all own bean lists (recursively)
+     * * all shared beans (not THEIR own lists)
+     *
+     * @param    array|OODBBean $beans   beans to be exported
+     * @param    boolean        $parents whether you want parent beans to be exported
+     * @param    array          $filters whitelist of types
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function exportAll( $beans, $parents = FALSE, $filters = array())
+    {
+        return self::$duplicationManager->exportAll( $beans, $parents, $filters, self::$exportCaseStyle );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Selects case style for export.
+     * This will determine the case style for the keys of exported beans (see exportAll).
+     * The following options are accepted:
+     *
+     * * 'default' RedBeanPHP by default enforces Snake Case (i.e. book_id is_valid )
+     * * 'camel'   Camel Case   (i.e. bookId isValid   )
+     * * 'dolphin' Dolphin Case (i.e. bookID isValid   ) Like CamelCase but ID is written all uppercase
+     *
+     * @warning RedBeanPHP transforms camelCase to snake_case using a slightly different
+     * algorithm, it also converts isACL to is_acl (not is_a_c_l) and bookID to book_id.
+     * Due to information loss this cannot be corrected. However if you might try
+     * DolphinCase for IDs it takes into account the exception concerning IDs.
+     *
+     * @param string $caseStyle case style identifier
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function useExportCase( $caseStyle = 'default' )
+    {
+        if ( !in_array( $caseStyle, array( 'default', 'camel', 'dolphin' ) ) ) throw new RedException( 'Invalid case selected.' );
+        self::$exportCaseStyle = $caseStyle;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a series of rows to beans.
+     * This method converts a series of rows to beans.
+     * The type of the desired output beans can be specified in the
+     * first parameter. The second parameter is meant for the database
+     * result rows.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $rows = R::getAll( 'SELECT * FROM ...' )
+     * $beans = R::convertToBeans( $rows );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * As of version 4.3.2 you can specify a meta-mask.
+     * Data from columns with names starting with the value specified in the mask
+     * will be transferred to the meta section of a bean (under data.bundle).
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $rows = R::getAll( 'SELECT FROM... COUNT(*) AS extra_count ...' );
+     * $beans = R::convertToBeans( $rows );
+     * $bean = reset( $beans );
+     * $data = $bean->getMeta( 'data.bundle' );
+     * $extra_count = $data['extra_count'];
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * New in 4.3.2: meta mask. The meta mask is a special mask to send
+     * data from raw result rows to the meta store of the bean. This is
+     * useful for bundling additional information with custom queries.
+     * Values of every column whos name starts with $mask will be
+     * transferred to the meta section of the bean under key 'data.bundle'.
+     *
+     * @param string $type     type of beans to produce
+     * @param array  $rows     must contain an array of array
+     * @param string $metamask meta mask to apply (optional)
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function convertToBeans( $type, $rows, $metamask = NULL )
+    {
+        return self::$redbean->convertToBeans( $type, $rows, $metamask );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Just like converToBeans, but for one bean.
+     *
+     * @param string $type      type of bean to produce
+     * @param array  $row       one row from the database
+     * @param string $metamask  metamask (see convertToBeans)
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public static function convertToBean( $type, $row, $metamask = NULL )
+    {
+        $beans = self::$redbean->convertToBeans( $type, array( $row ), $metamask );
+        $bean  = reset( $beans );
+        return $bean;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests whether a bean has been associated with one ore more
+     * of the listed tags. If the third parameter is TRUE this method
+     * will return TRUE only if all tags that have been specified are indeed
+     * associated with the given bean, otherwise FALSE.
+     * If the third parameter is FALSE this
+     * method will return TRUE if one of the tags matches, FALSE if none
+     * match.
+     *
+     * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
+     * of tag names.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::hasTag( $blog, 'horror,movie', TRUE );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above returns TRUE if the $blog bean has been tagged
+     * as BOTH horror and movie. If the post has only been tagged as 'movie'
+     * or 'horror' this operation will return FALSE because the third parameter
+     * has been set to TRUE.
+     *
+     * @param  OODBBean     $bean bean to check for tags
+     * @param  array|string $tags list of tags
+     * @param  boolean      $all  whether they must all match or just some
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public static function hasTag( $bean, $tags, $all = FALSE )
+    {
+        return self::$tagManager->hasTag( $bean, $tags, $all );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all specified tags from the bean. The tags specified in
+     * the second parameter will no longer be associated with the bean.
+     *
+     * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
+     * of tag names.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::untag( $blog, 'smart,interesting' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above, the $blog bean will no longer
+     * be associated with the tags 'smart' and 'interesting'.
+     *
+     * @param  OODBBean $bean    tagged bean
+     * @param  array    $tagList list of tags (names)
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function untag( $bean, $tagList )
+    {
+        self::$tagManager->untag( $bean, $tagList );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tags a bean or returns tags associated with a bean.
+     * If $tagList is NULL or omitted this method will return a
+     * comma separated list of tags associated with the bean provided.
+     * If $tagList is a comma separated list (string) of tags all tags will
+     * be associated with the bean.
+     * You may also pass an array instead of a string.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::tag( $meal, "TexMex,Mexican" );
+     * $tags = R::tag( $meal );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The first line in the example above will tag the $meal
+     * as 'TexMex' and 'Mexican Cuisine'. The second line will
+     * retrieve all tags attached to the meal object.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean    bean to tag
+     * @param mixed    $tagList tags to attach to the specified bean
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public static function tag( OODBBean $bean, $tagList = NULL )
+    {
+        return self::$tagManager->tag( $bean, $tagList );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds tags to a bean.
+     * If $tagList is a comma separated list of tags all tags will
+     * be associated with the bean.
+     * You may also pass an array instead of a string.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::addTags( $blog, ["halloween"] );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example adds the tag 'halloween' to the $blog
+     * bean.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean    bean to tag
+     * @param array    $tagList list of tags to add to bean
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function addTags( OODBBean $bean, $tagList )
+    {
+        self::$tagManager->addTags( $bean, $tagList );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all beans that have been tagged with one or more
+     * of the specified tags.
+     *
+     * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
+     * of tag names.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $watchList = R::tagged(
+     *   'movie',
+     *   'horror,gothic',
+     *   ' ORDER BY movie.title DESC LIMIT ?',
+     *   [ 10 ]
+     * );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example uses R::tagged() to find all movies that have been
+     * tagged as 'horror' or 'gothic', order them by title and limit
+     * the number of movies to be returned to 10.
+     *
+     * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
+     * @param string       $sql      additional SQL (use only for pagination)
+     * @param array        $bindings bindings
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function tagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$tagManager->tagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all beans that have been tagged with ALL of the tags given.
+     * This method works the same as R::tagged() except that this method only returns
+     * beans that have been tagged with all the specified labels.
+     *
+     * Tag list can be either an array with tag names or a comma separated list
+     * of tag names.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $watchList = R::taggedAll(
+     *    'movie',
+     *    [ 'gothic', 'short' ],
+     *    ' ORDER BY movie.id DESC LIMIT ? ',
+     *    [ 4 ]
+     * );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above returns at most 4 movies (due to the LIMIT clause in the SQL
+     * Query Snippet) that have been tagged as BOTH 'short' AND 'gothic'.
+     *
+     * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
+     * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
+     * @param array        $bindings bindings
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function taggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$tagManager->taggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Same as taggedAll() but counts beans only (does not return beans).
+     *
+     * @see R::taggedAll
+     *
+     * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
+     * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
+     * @param array        $bindings bindings
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public static function countTaggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$tagManager->countTaggedAll( $beanType, $tagList, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Same as tagged() but counts beans only (does not return beans).
+     *
+     * @see R::tagged
+     *
+     * @param string       $beanType type of bean you are looking for
+     * @param array|string $tagList  list of tags to match
+     * @param string       $sql      additional sql snippet
+     * @param array        $bindings bindings
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public static function countTagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$tagManager->countTagged( $beanType, $tagList, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wipes all beans of type $beanType.
+     *
+     * @param string $beanType type of bean you want to destroy entirely
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public static function wipe( $beanType )
+    {
+        return Facade::$redbean->wipe( $beanType );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Counts the number of beans of type $type.
+     * This method accepts a second argument to modify the count-query.
+     * A third argument can be used to provide bindings for the SQL snippet.
+     *
+     * @param string $type     type of bean we are looking for
+     * @param string $addSQL   additional SQL snippet
+     * @param array  $bindings parameters to bind to SQL
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public static function count( $type, $addSQL = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return Facade::$redbean->count( $type, $addSQL, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Configures the facade, want to have a new Writer? A new Object Database or a new
+     * Adapter and you want it on-the-fly? Use this method to hot-swap your facade with a new
+     * toolbox.
+     *
+     * @param ToolBox $tb toolbox to configure facade with
+     *
+     * @return ToolBox
+     */
+    public static function configureFacadeWithToolbox( ToolBox $tb )
+    {
+        $oldTools                 = self::$toolbox;
+        self::$toolbox            = $tb;
+        self::$writer             = self::$toolbox->getWriter();
+        self::$adapter            = self::$toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
+        self::$redbean            = self::$toolbox->getRedBean();
+        self::$finder             = new Finder( self::$toolbox );
+        self::$associationManager = new AssociationManager( self::$toolbox );
+        self::$tree               = new Tree( self::$toolbox );
+        self::$redbean->setAssociationManager( self::$associationManager );
+        self::$labelMaker         = new LabelMaker( self::$toolbox );
+        $helper                   = new SimpleModelHelper();
+        $helper->attachEventListeners( self::$redbean );
+        if (self::$redbean->getBeanHelper() == NULL) {
+            self::$redbean->setBeanHelper( new SimpleFacadeBeanHelper );
+        }
+        self::$duplicationManager = new DuplicationManager( self::$toolbox );
+        self::$tagManager         = new TagManager( self::$toolbox );
+        return $oldTools;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Facade Convience method for adapter transaction system.
+     * Begins a transaction.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::begin();
+     * try {
+     *  $bean1 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
+     *  R::store( $bean1 );
+     *  $bean2 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
+     *  R::store( $bean2 );
+     *  R::commit();
+     * } catch( \Exception $e ) {
+     *  R::rollback();
+     * }
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above illustrates how transactions in RedBeanPHP are used.
+     * In this example 2 beans are stored or nothing is stored at all.
+     * It's not possible for this piece of code to store only half of the beans.
+     * If an exception occurs, the transaction gets rolled back and the database
+     * will be left 'untouched'.
+     *
+     * In fluid mode transactions will be ignored and all queries will
+     * be executed as-is because database schema changes will automatically
+     * trigger the transaction system to commit everything in some database
+     * systems. If you use a database that can handle DDL changes you might wish
+     * to use setAllowFluidTransactions(TRUE). If you do this, the behavior of
+     * this function in fluid mode will depend on the database platform used.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public static function begin()
+    {
+        if ( !self::$allowFluidTransactions && !self::$redbean->isFrozen() ) return FALSE;
+        self::$adapter->startTransaction();
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Facade Convience method for adapter transaction system.
+     * Commits a transaction.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::begin();
+     * try {
+     *  $bean1 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
+     *  R::store( $bean1 );
+     *  $bean2 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
+     *  R::store( $bean2 );
+     *  R::commit();
+     * } catch( \Exception $e ) {
+     *  R::rollback();
+     * }
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above illustrates how transactions in RedBeanPHP are used.
+     * In this example 2 beans are stored or nothing is stored at all.
+     * It's not possible for this piece of code to store only half of the beans.
+     * If an exception occurs, the transaction gets rolled back and the database
+     * will be left 'untouched'.
+     *
+     * In fluid mode transactions will be ignored and all queries will
+     * be executed as-is because database schema changes will automatically
+     * trigger the transaction system to commit everything in some database
+     * systems. If you use a database that can handle DDL changes you might wish
+     * to use setAllowFluidTransactions(TRUE). If you do this, the behavior of
+     * this function in fluid mode will depend on the database platform used.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public static function commit()
+    {
+        if ( !self::$allowFluidTransactions && !self::$redbean->isFrozen() ) return FALSE;
+        self::$adapter->commit();
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Facade Convience method for adapter transaction system.
+     * Rolls back a transaction.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::begin();
+     * try {
+     *  $bean1 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
+     *  R::store( $bean1 );
+     *  $bean2 = R::dispense( 'bean' );
+     *  R::store( $bean2 );
+     *  R::commit();
+     * } catch( \Exception $e ) {
+     *  R::rollback();
+     * }
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example above illustrates how transactions in RedBeanPHP are used.
+     * In this example 2 beans are stored or nothing is stored at all.
+     * It's not possible for this piece of code to store only half of the beans.
+     * If an exception occurs, the transaction gets rolled back and the database
+     * will be left 'untouched'.
+     *
+     * In fluid mode transactions will be ignored and all queries will
+     * be executed as-is because database schema changes will automatically
+     * trigger the transaction system to commit everything in some database
+     * systems. If you use a database that can handle DDL changes you might wish
+     * to use setAllowFluidTransactions(TRUE). If you do this, the behavior of
+     * this function in fluid mode will depend on the database platform used.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public static function rollback()
+    {
+        if ( !self::$allowFluidTransactions && !self::$redbean->isFrozen() ) return FALSE;
+        self::$adapter->rollback();
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of columns. Format of this array:
+     * array( fieldname => type )
+     * Note that this method only works in fluid mode because it might be
+     * quite heavy on production servers!
+     *
+     * @param  string $table name of the table (not type) you want to get columns of
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function getColumns( $table )
+    {
+        return self::$writer->getColumns( $table );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates question mark slots for an array of values.
+     * Given an array and an optional template string this method
+     * will produce string containing parameter slots for use in
+     * an SQL query string.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::genSlots( array( 'a', 'b' ) );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The statement in the example will produce the string:
+     * '?,?'.
+     *
+     * Another example, using a template string:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::genSlots( array('a', 'b'), ' IN( %s ) ' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The statement in the example will produce the string:
+     * ' IN( ?,? ) '.
+     *
+     * @param array  $array    array to generate question mark slots for
+     * @param string $template template to use
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public static function genSlots( $array, $template = NULL )
+    {
+        return ArrayTool::genSlots( $array, $template );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flattens a multi dimensional bindings array for use with genSlots().
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::flat( array( 'a', array( 'b' ), 'c' ) );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * produces an array like: [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]
+     *
+     * @param array $array  array to flatten
+     * @param array $result result array parameter (for recursion)
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function flat( $array, $result = array() )
+    {
+        return ArrayTool::flat( $array, $result );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Nukes the entire database.
+     * This will remove all schema structures from the database.
+     * Only works in fluid mode. Be careful with this method.
+     *
+     * @warning dangerous method, will remove all tables, columns etc.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function nuke()
+    {
+        if ( !self::$redbean->isFrozen() ) {
+            self::$writer->wipeAll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Short hand function to store a set of beans at once, IDs will be
+     * returned as an array. For information please consult the R::store()
+     * function.
+     * A loop saver.
+     *
+     * @param array $beans list of beans to be stored
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function storeAll( $beans )
+    {
+        $ids = array();
+        foreach ( $beans as $bean ) {
+            $ids[] = self::store( $bean );
+        }
+        return $ids;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Short hand function to trash a set of beans at once.
+     * For information please consult the R::trash() function.
+     * A loop saver.
+     *
+     * @param array $beans list of beans to be trashed
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function trashAll( $beans )
+    {
+        foreach ( $beans as $bean ) {
+            self::trash( $bean );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Short hand function to trash a series of beans using
+     * only IDs. This function combines trashAll and batch loading
+     * in one call. Note that while this function accepts just
+     * bean IDs, the beans will still be loaded first. This is because
+     * the function still respects all the FUSE hooks that may have beeb
+     * associated with the domain logic associated with these beans.
+     * If you really want to delete just records from the database use
+     * a simple DELETE-FROM SQL query instead.
+     *
+     * @param string type  $type the bean type you wish to trash
+     * @param string array $ids  list of bean IDs
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function trashBatch( $type, $ids )
+    {
+        self::trashAll( self::batch( $type, $ids ) );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Short hand function to find and trash beans.
+     * This function combines trashAll and find.
+     * Given a bean type, a query snippet and optionally some parameter
+     * bindings, this function will search for the beans described in the
+     * query and its parameters and then feed them to the trashAll function
+     * to be trashed.
+     *
+     * Note that while this function accepts just
+     * a bean type and query snippet, the beans will still be loaded first. This is because
+     * the function still respects all the FUSE hooks that may have been
+     * associated with the domain logic associated with these beans.
+     * If you really want to delete just records from the database use
+     * a simple DELETE-FROM SQL query instead.
+     *
+     * Returns the number of beans deleted.
+     *
+     * @param string $type       bean type to look for in database
+     * @param string $sqlSnippet an SQL query snippet
+     * @param array  $bindings   SQL parameter bindings
+     *
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public static function hunt( $type, $sqlSnippet = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $numberOfTrashedBeans = 0;
+        $beans = self::findCollection( $type, $sqlSnippet, $bindings );
+        while( $bean = $beans->next() ) {
+            self::trash( $bean );
+            $numberOfTrashedBeans++;
+        }
+        return $numberOfTrashedBeans;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles Writer Cache.
+     * Turns the Writer Cache on or off. The Writer Cache is a simple
+     * query based caching system that may improve performance without the need
+     * for cache management. This caching system will cache non-modifying queries
+     * that are marked with special SQL comments. As soon as a non-marked query
+     * gets executed the cache will be flushed. Only non-modifying select queries
+     * have been marked therefore this mechanism is a rather safe way of caching, requiring
+     * no explicit flushes or reloads. Of course this does not apply if you intend to test
+     * or simulate concurrent querying.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $yesNo TRUE to enable cache, FALSE to disable cache
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function useWriterCache( $yesNo )
+    {
+        self::getWriter()->setUseCache( $yesNo );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A label is a bean with only an id, type and name property.
+     * This function will dispense beans for all entries in the array. The
+     * values of the array will be assigned to the name property of each
+     * individual bean.
+     *
+     * @param string $type   type of beans you would like to have
+     * @param array  $labels list of labels, names for each bean
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function dispenseLabels( $type, $labels )
+    {
+        return self::$labelMaker->dispenseLabels( $type, $labels );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates and returns an ENUM value. This is how RedBeanPHP handles ENUMs.
+     * Either returns a (newly created) bean respresenting the desired ENUM
+     * value or returns a list of all enums for the type.
+     *
+     * To obtain (and add if necessary) an ENUM value:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $tea->flavour = R::enum( 'flavour:apple' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Returns a bean of type 'flavour' with  name = apple.
+     * This will add a bean with property name (set to APPLE) to the database
+     * if it does not exist yet.
+     *
+     * To obtain all flavours:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::enum('flavour');
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * To get a list of all flavour names:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::gatherLabels( R::enum( 'flavour' ) );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param string $enum either type or type-value
+     *
+     * @return array|OODBBean
+     */
+    public static function enum( $enum )
+    {
+        return self::$labelMaker->enum( $enum );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gathers labels from beans. This function loops through the beans,
+     * collects the values of the name properties of each individual bean
+     * and stores the names in a new array. The array then gets sorted using the
+     * default sort function of PHP (sort).
+     *
+     * @param array $beans list of beans to loop
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function gatherLabels( $beans )
+    {
+        return self::$labelMaker->gatherLabels( $beans );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the database connection.
+     * While database connections are closed automatically at the end of the PHP script,
+     * closing database connections is generally recommended to improve performance.
+     * Closing a database connection will immediately return the resources to PHP.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::setup( ... );
+     * ... do stuff ...
+     * R::close();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function close()
+    {
+        if ( isset( self::$adapter ) ) {
+            self::$adapter->close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Simple convenience function, returns ISO date formatted representation
+     * of $time.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $time UNIX timestamp
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public static function isoDate( $time = NULL )
+    {
+        if ( !$time ) {
+            $time = time();
+        }
+
+        return @date( 'Y-m-d', $time );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Simple convenience function, returns ISO date time
+     * formatted representation
+     * of $time.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $time UNIX timestamp
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public static function isoDateTime( $time = NULL )
+    {
+        if ( !$time ) $time = time();
+        return @date( 'Y-m-d H:i:s', $time );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the database adapter you want to use.
+     * The database adapter manages the connection to the database
+     * and abstracts away database driver specific interfaces.
+     *
+     * @param Adapter $adapter Database Adapter for facade to use
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function setDatabaseAdapter( Adapter $adapter )
+    {
+        self::$adapter = $adapter;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the Query Writer you want to use.
+     * The Query Writer writes and executes database queries using
+     * the database adapter. It turns RedBeanPHP 'commands' into
+     * database 'statements'.
+     *
+     * @param QueryWriter $writer Query Writer instance for facade to use
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function setWriter( QueryWriter $writer )
+    {
+        self::$writer = $writer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the OODB you want to use.
+     * The RedBeanPHP Object oriented database is the main RedBeanPHP
+     * interface that allows you to store and retrieve RedBeanPHP
+     * objects (i.e. beans).
+     *
+     * @param OODB $redbean Object Database for facade to use
+     */
+    public static function setRedBean( OODB $redbean )
+    {
+        self::$redbean = $redbean;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Optional accessor for neat code.
+     * Sets the database adapter you want to use.
+     *
+     * @return DBAdapter
+     */
+    public static function getDatabaseAdapter()
+    {
+        return self::$adapter;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In case you use PDO (which is recommended and the default but not mandatory, hence
+     * the database adapter), you can use this method to obtain the PDO object directly.
+     * This is a convenience method, it will do the same as:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::getDatabaseAdapter()->getDatabase()->getPDO();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * If the PDO object could not be found, for whatever reason, this method
+     * will return NULL instead.
+     *
+     * @return NULL|PDO
+     */
+    public static function getPDO()
+    {
+        $databaseAdapter = self::getDatabaseAdapter();
+        if ( is_null( $databaseAdapter ) ) return NULL;
+        $database = $databaseAdapter->getDatabase();
+        if ( is_null( $database ) ) return NULL;
+        if ( !method_exists( $database, 'getPDO' ) ) return NULL;
+        return $database->getPDO();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current duplication manager instance.
+     *
+     * @return DuplicationManager
+     */
+    public static function getDuplicationManager()
+    {
+        return self::$duplicationManager;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Optional accessor for neat code.
+     * Sets the database adapter you want to use.
+     *
+     * @return QueryWriter
+     */
+    public static function getWriter()
+    {
+        return self::$writer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Optional accessor for neat code.
+     * Sets the database adapter you want to use.
+     *
+     * @return OODB
+     */
+    public static function getRedBean()
+    {
+        return self::$redbean;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the toolbox currently used by the facade.
+     * To set the toolbox use R::setup() or R::configureFacadeWithToolbox().
+     * To create a toolbox use Setup::kickstart(). Or create a manual
+     * toolbox using the ToolBox class.
+     *
+     * @return ToolBox
+     */
+    public static function getToolBox()
+    {
+        return self::$toolbox;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Mostly for internal use, but might be handy
+     * for some users.
+     * This returns all the components of the currently
+     * selected toolbox.
+     *
+     * Returns the components in the following order:
+     *
+     * # OODB instance (getRedBean())
+     * # Database Adapter
+     * # Query Writer
+     * # Toolbox itself
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function getExtractedToolbox()
+    {
+        return array( self::$redbean, self::$adapter, self::$writer, self::$toolbox );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Facade method for AQueryWriter::renameAssociation()
+     *
+     * @param string|array $from
+     * @param string       $to
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function renameAssociation( $from, $to = NULL )
+    {
+        AQueryWriter::renameAssociation( $from, $to );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Little helper method for Resty Bean Can server and others.
+     * Takes an array of beans and exports each bean.
+     * Unlike exportAll this method does not recurse into own lists
+     * and shared lists, the beans are exported as-is, only loaded lists
+     * are exported.
+     *
+     * @param array $beans beans
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function beansToArray( $beans )
+    {
+        $list = array();
+        foreach( $beans as $bean ) $list[] = $bean->export();
+        return $list;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the error mode for FUSE.
+     * What to do if a FUSE model method does not exist?
+     * You can set the following options:
+     *
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_IGNORE (default), ignores the call, returns NULL
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_LOG, logs the incident using error_log
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_NOTICE, triggers a E_USER_NOTICE
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_WARN, triggers a E_USER_WARNING
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_EXCEPTION, throws an exception
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_FUNC, allows you to specify a custom handler (function)
+     * * OODBBean::C_ERR_FATAL, triggers a E_USER_ERROR
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * Custom handler method signature: handler( array (
+     * 	'message' => string
+     * 	'bean' => OODBBean
+     * 	'method' => string
+     * ) )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This method returns the old mode and handler as an array.
+     *
+     * @param integer       $mode mode, determines how to handle errors
+     * @param callable|NULL $func custom handler (if applicable)
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function setErrorHandlingFUSE( $mode, $func = NULL )
+    {
+        return OODBBean::setErrorHandlingFUSE( $mode, $func );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dumps bean data to array.
+     * Given a one or more beans this method will
+     * return an array containing first part of the string
+     * representation of each item in the array.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * echo R::dump( $bean );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example shows how to echo the result of a simple
+     * dump. This will print the string representation of the
+     * specified bean to the screen, limiting the output per bean
+     * to 35 characters to improve readability. Nested beans will
+     * also be dumped.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|array $data either a bean or an array of beans
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function dump( $data )
+    {
+        return Dump::dump( $data );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Binds an SQL function to a column.
+     * This method can be used to setup a decode/encode scheme or
+     * perform UUID insertion. This method is especially useful for handling
+     * MySQL spatial columns, because they need to be processed first using
+     * the asText/GeomFromText functions.
+     *
+     * Example:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::bindFunc( 'read', 'location.point', 'asText' );
+     * R::bindFunc( 'write', 'location.point', 'GeomFromText' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Passing NULL as the function will reset (clear) the function
+     * for this column/mode.
+     *
+     * @param string $mode     mode for function: i.e. read or write
+     * @param string $field    field (table.column) to bind function to
+     * @param string $function SQL function to bind to specified column
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function bindFunc( $mode, $field, $function )
+    {
+        self::$redbean->bindFunc( $mode, $field, $function );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets global aliases.
+     * Registers a batch of aliases in one go. This works the same as
+     * fetchAs and setAutoResolve but explicitly. For instance if you register
+     * the alias 'cover' for 'page' a property containing a reference to a
+     * page bean called 'cover' will correctly return the page bean and not
+     * a (non-existant) cover bean.
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::aliases( array( 'cover' => 'page' ) );
+     * $book = R::dispense( 'book' );
+     * $page = R::dispense( 'page' );
+     * $book->cover = $page;
+     * R::store( $book );
+     * $book = $book->fresh();
+     * $cover = $book->cover;
+     * echo $cover->getMeta( 'type' ); //page
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The format of the aliases registration array is:
+     *
+     * {alias} => {actual type}
+     *
+     * In the example above we use:
+     *
+     * cover => page
+     *
+     * From that point on, every bean reference to a cover
+     * will return a 'page' bean. Note that with autoResolve this
+     * feature along with fetchAs() is no longer very important, although
+     * relying on explicit aliases can be a bit faster.
+     *
+     * @param array $list list of global aliases to use
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function aliases( $list )
+    {
+        OODBBean::aliases( $list );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to find a bean matching a certain type and
+     * criteria set. If no beans are found a new bean
+     * will be created, the criteria will be imported into this
+     * bean and the bean will be stored and returned.
+     * If multiple beans match the criteria only the first one
+     * will be returned.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of bean to search for
+     * @param array  $like criteria set describing the bean to search for
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public static function findOrCreate( $type, $like = array(), $sql = '' )
+    {
+        return self::$finder->findOrCreate( $type, $like, $sql = '' );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to find beans matching the specified type and
+     * criteria set.
+     *
+     * If the optional additional SQL snippet is a condition, it will
+     * be glued to the rest of the query using the AND operator.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of bean to search for
+     * @param array  $like optional criteria set describing the bean to search for
+     * @param string $sql  optional additional SQL for sorting
+     * @param array  $bindings bindings
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function findLike( $type, $like = array(), $sql = '', $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$finder->findLike( $type, $like, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts logging queries.
+     * Use this method to start logging SQL queries being
+     * executed by the adapter. Logging queries will not
+     * print them on the screen. Use R::getLogs() to
+     * retrieve the logs.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::startLogging();
+     * R::store( R::dispense( 'book' ) );
+     * R::find('book', 'id > ?',[0]);
+     * $logs = R::getLogs();
+     * $count = count( $logs );
+     * print_r( $logs );
+     * R::stopLogging();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above we start a logging session during
+     * which we store an empty bean of type book. To inspect the
+     * logs we invoke R::getLogs() after stopping the logging.
+     *
+     * @note you cannot use R::debug and R::startLogging
+     * at the same time because R::debug is essentially a
+     * special kind of logging.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function startLogging()
+    {
+        self::debug( TRUE, RDefault::C_LOGGER_ARRAY );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stops logging and flushes the logs,
+     * convient method to stop logging of queries.
+     * Use this method to stop logging SQL queries being
+     * executed by the adapter. Logging queries will not
+     * print them on the screen. Use R::getLogs() to
+     * retrieve the logs.
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::startLogging();
+     * R::store( R::dispense( 'book' ) );
+     * R::find('book', 'id > ?',[0]);
+     * $logs = R::getLogs();
+     * $count = count( $logs );
+     * print_r( $logs );
+     * R::stopLogging();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above we start a logging session during
+     * which we store an empty bean of type book. To inspect the
+     * logs we invoke R::getLogs() after stopping the logging.
+     *
+     * @note you cannot use R::debug and R::startLogging
+     * at the same time because R::debug is essentially a
+     * special kind of logging.
+     *
+     * @note by stopping the logging you also flush the logs.
+     * Therefore, only stop logging AFTER you have obtained the
+     * query logs using R::getLogs()
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function stopLogging()
+    {
+        self::debug( FALSE );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the log entries written after the startLogging.
+     *
+     * Use this method to obtain the query logs gathered
+     * by the logging mechanisms.
+     * Logging queries will not
+     * print them on the screen. Use R::getLogs() to
+     * retrieve the logs.
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::startLogging();
+     * R::store( R::dispense( 'book' ) );
+     * R::find('book', 'id > ?',[0]);
+     * $logs = R::getLogs();
+     * $count = count( $logs );
+     * print_r( $logs );
+     * R::stopLogging();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * In the example above we start a logging session during
+     * which we store an empty bean of type book. To inspect the
+     * logs we invoke R::getLogs() after stopping the logging.
+     *
+     * The logs may look like:
+     *
+     * [1] => SELECT `book`.*  FROM `book`  WHERE id > ?  -- keep-cache
+     * [2] => array ( 0 => 0, )
+     * [3] => resultset: 1 rows
+     *
+     * Basically, element in the array is a log entry.
+     * Parameter bindings are  represented as nested arrays (see 2).
+     *
+     * @note you cannot use R::debug and R::startLogging
+     * at the same time because R::debug is essentially a
+     * special kind of logging.
+     *
+     * @note by stopping the logging you also flush the logs.
+     * Therefore, only stop logging AFTER you have obtained the
+     * query logs using R::getLogs()
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function getLogs()
+    {
+        return self::getLogger()->getLogs();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resets the query counter.
+     * The query counter can be used to monitor the number
+     * of database queries that have
+     * been processed according to the database driver. You can use this
+     * to monitor the number of queries required to render a page.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::resetQueryCount();
+     * echo R::getQueryCount() . ' queries processed.';
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function resetQueryCount()
+    {
+        self::$adapter->getDatabase()->resetCounter();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of SQL queries processed.
+     * This method returns the number of database queries that have
+     * been processed according to the database driver. You can use this
+     * to monitor the number of queries required to render a page.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * echo R::getQueryCount() . ' queries processed.';
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public static function getQueryCount()
+    {
+        return self::$adapter->getDatabase()->getQueryCount();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current logger instance being used by the
+     * database object.
+     *
+     * @return Logger
+     */
+    public static function getLogger()
+    {
+        return self::$adapter->getDatabase()->getLogger();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Alias for setAutoResolve() method on OODBBean.
+     * Enables or disables auto-resolving fetch types.
+     * Auto-resolving aliased parent beans is convenient but can
+     * be slower and can create infinite recursion if you
+     * used aliases to break cyclic relations in your domain.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $automatic TRUE to enable automatic resolving aliased parents
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function setAutoResolve( $automatic = TRUE )
+    {
+        OODBBean::setAutoResolve( (boolean) $automatic );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles 'partial bean mode'. If this mode has been
+     * selected the repository will only update the fields of a bean that
+     * have been changed rather than the entire bean.
+     * Pass the value TRUE to select 'partial mode' for all beans.
+     * Pass the value FALSE to disable 'partial mode'.
+     * Pass an array of bean types if you wish to use partial mode only
+     * for some types.
+     * This method will return the previous value.
+     *
+     * @param boolean|array $yesNoBeans List of type names or 'all'
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public static function usePartialBeans( $yesNoBeans )
+    {
+        return self::$redbean->getCurrentRepository()->usePartialBeans( $yesNoBeans );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exposes the result of the specified SQL query as a CSV file.
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * R::csv( 'SELECT
+     *                 `name`,
+     *                  population
+     *          FROM city
+     *          WHERE region = :region ',
+     *          array( ':region' => 'Denmark' ),
+     *          array( 'city', 'population' ),
+     *          '/tmp/cities.csv'
+     * );
+     *
+     * The command above will select all cities in Denmark
+     * and create a CSV with columns 'city' and 'population' and
+     * populate the cells under these column headers with the
+     * names of the cities and the population numbers respectively.
+     *
+     * @param string  $sql      SQL query to expose result of
+     * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings
+     * @param array   $columns  column headers for CSV file
+     * @param string  $path     path to save CSV file to
+     * @param boolean $output   TRUE to output CSV directly using readfile
+     * @param array   $options  delimiter, quote and escape character respectively
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function csv( $sql = '', $bindings = array(), $columns = NULL, $path = '/tmp/redexport_%s.csv', $output = TRUE )
+    {
+        $quickExport = new QuickExport( self::$toolbox );
+        $quickExport->csv( $sql, $bindings, $columns, $path, $output );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * MatchUp is a powerful productivity boosting method that can replace simple control
+     * scripts with a single RedBeanPHP command. Typically, matchUp() is used to
+     * replace login scripts, token generation scripts and password reset scripts.
+     * The MatchUp method takes a bean type, an SQL query snippet (starting at the WHERE clause),
+     * SQL bindings, a pair of task arrays and a bean reference.
+     *
+     * If the first 3 parameters match a bean, the first task list will be considered,
+     * otherwise the second one will be considered. On consideration, each task list,
+     * an array of keys and values will be executed. Every key in the task list should
+     * correspond to a bean property while every value can either be an expression to
+     * be evaluated or a closure (PHP 5.3+). After applying the task list to the bean
+     * it will be stored. If no bean has been found, a new bean will be dispensed.
+     *
+     * This method will return TRUE if the bean was found and FALSE if not AND
+     * there was a NOT-FOUND task list. If no bean was found AND there was also
+     * no second task list, NULL will be returned.
+     *
+     * To obtain the bean, pass a variable as the sixth parameter.
+     * The function will put the matching bean in the specified variable.
+     *
+     * @param string   $type         type of bean you're looking for
+     * @param string   $sql          SQL snippet (starting at the WHERE clause, omit WHERE-keyword)
+     * @param array    $bindings     array of parameter bindings for SQL snippet
+     * @param array    $onFoundDo    task list to be considered on finding the bean
+     * @param array    $onNotFoundDo task list to be considered on NOT finding the bean
+     * @param OODBBean &$bean        reference to obtain the found bean
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public static function matchUp( $type, $sql, $bindings = array(), $onFoundDo = NULL, $onNotFoundDo = NULL, &$bean = NULL 	) {
+        $matchUp = new MatchUp( self::$toolbox );
+        return $matchUp->matchUp( $type, $sql, $bindings, $onFoundDo, $onNotFoundDo, $bean );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated
+     *
+     * Returns an instance of the Look Helper class.
+     * The instance will be configured with the current toolbox.
+     *
+     * In previous versions of RedBeanPHP you had to use:
+     * R::getLook()->look() instead of R::look(). However to improve useability of the
+     * library the look() function can now directly be invoked from the facade.
+     *
+     * For more details regarding the Look functionality, please consult R::look().
+     * @see Facade::look
+     * @see Look::look
+     *
+     * @return Look
+     */
+    public static function getLook()
+    {
+        return new Look( self::$toolbox );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Takes an full SQL query with optional bindings, a series of keys, a template
+     * and optionally a filter function and glue and assembles a view from all this.
+     * This is the fastest way from SQL to view. Typically this function is used to
+     * generate pulldown (select tag) menus with options queried from the database.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $htmlPulldown = R::look(
+     *   'SELECT * FROM color WHERE value != ? ORDER BY value ASC',
+     *   [ 'g' ],
+     *   [ 'value', 'name' ],
+     *   '<option value="%s">%s</option>',
+     *   'strtoupper',
+     *   "\n"
+     * );
+     *</code>
+     *
+     * The example above creates an HTML fragment like this:
+     *
+     * <option value="B">BLUE</option>
+     * <option value="R">RED</option>
+     *
+     * to pick a color from a palette. The HTML fragment gets constructed by
+     * an SQL query that selects all colors that do not have value 'g' - this
+     * excludes green. Next, the bean properties 'value' and 'name' are mapped to the
+     * HTML template string, note that the order here is important. The mapping and
+     * the HTML template string follow vsprintf-rules. All property values are then
+     * passed through the specified filter function 'strtoupper' which in this case
+     * is a native PHP function to convert strings to uppercase characters only.
+     * Finally the resulting HTML fragment strings are glued together using a
+     * newline character specified in the last parameter for readability.
+     *
+     * In previous versions of RedBeanPHP you had to use:
+     * R::getLook()->look() instead of R::look(). However to improve useability of the
+     * library the look() function can now directly be invoked from the facade.
+     *
+     * @param string   $sql      query to execute
+     * @param array    $bindings parameters to bind to slots mentioned in query or an empty array
+     * @param array    $keys     names in result collection to map to template
+     * @param string   $template HTML template to fill with values associated with keys, use printf notation (i.e. %s)
+     * @param callable $filter   function to pass values through (for translation for instance)
+     * @param string   $glue     optional glue to use when joining resulting strings
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public static function look( $sql, $bindings = array(), $keys = array( 'selected', 'id', 'name' ), $template = '<option %s value="%s">%s</option>', $filter = 'trim', $glue = '' )
+    {
+        return self::getLook()->look( $sql, $bindings, $keys, $template, $filter, $glue );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates a diff between two beans (or arrays of beans).
+     * The result of this method is an array describing the differences of the second bean compared to
+     * the first, where the first bean is taken as reference. The array is keyed by type/property, id and property name, where
+     * type/property is either the type (in case of the root bean) or the property of the parent bean where the type resides.
+     * The diffs are mainly intended for logging, you cannot apply these diffs as patches to other beans.
+     * However this functionality might be added in the future.
+     *
+     * The keys of the array can be formatted using the $format parameter.
+     * A key will be composed of a path (1st), id (2nd) and property (3rd).
+     * Using printf-style notation you can determine the exact format of the key.
+     * The default format will look like:
+     *
+     * 'book.1.title' => array( <OLDVALUE>, <NEWVALUE> )
+     *
+     * If you only want a simple diff of one bean and you don't care about ids,
+     * you might pass a format like: '%1$s.%3$s' which gives:
+     *
+     * 'book.1.title' => array( <OLDVALUE>, <NEWVALUE> )
+     *
+     * The filter parameter can be used to set filters, it should be an array
+     * of property names that have to be skipped. By default this array is filled with
+     * two strings: 'created' and 'modified'.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|array $bean    reference beans
+     * @param OODBBean|array $other   beans to compare
+     * @param array          $filters names of properties of all beans to skip
+     * @param string         $format  the format of the key, defaults to '%s.%s.%s'
+     * @param string         $type    type/property of bean to use for key generation
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function diff( $bean, $other, $filters = array( 'created', 'modified' ), $pattern = '%s.%s.%s' )
+    {
+        $diff = new Diff( self::$toolbox );
+        return $diff->diff( $bean, $other, $filters, $pattern );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The gentleman's way to register a RedBeanPHP ToolBox instance
+     * with the facade. Stores the toolbox in the static toolbox
+     * registry of the facade class. This allows for a neat and
+     * explicit way to register a toolbox.
+     *
+     * @param string  $key     key to store toolbox instance under
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox toolbox to register
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function addToolBoxWithKey( $key, ToolBox $toolbox )
+    {
+        self::$toolboxes[$key] = $toolbox;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The gentleman's way to remove a RedBeanPHP ToolBox instance
+     * from the facade. Removes the toolbox identified by
+     * the specified key in the static toolbox
+     * registry of the facade class. This allows for a neat and
+     * explicit way to remove a toolbox.
+     * Returns TRUE if the specified toolbox was found and removed.
+     * Returns FALSE otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param string  $key     identifier of the toolbox to remove
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public static function removeToolBoxByKey( $key )
+    {
+        if ( !array_key_exists( $key, self::$toolboxes ) ) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the toolbox associated with the specified key.
+     *
+     * @param string  $key     key to store toolbox instance under
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox toolbox to register
+     *
+     * @return ToolBox|NULL
+     */
+    public static function getToolBoxByKey( $key )
+    {
+        if ( !array_key_exists( $key, self::$toolboxes ) ) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return self::$toolboxes[$key];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles JSON column features.
+     * Invoking this method with boolean TRUE causes 2 JSON features to be enabled.
+     * Beans will automatically JSONify any array that's not in a list property and
+     * the Query Writer (if capable) will attempt to create a JSON column for strings that
+     * appear to contain JSON.
+     *
+     * Feature #1:
+     * AQueryWriter::useJSONColumns
+     *
+     * Toggles support for automatic generation of JSON columns.
+     * Using JSON columns means that strings containing JSON will
+     * cause the column to be created (not modified) as a JSON column.
+     * However it might also trigger exceptions if this means the DB attempts to
+     * convert a non-json column to a JSON column.
+     *
+     * Feature #2:
+     * OODBBean::convertArraysToJSON
+     *
+     * Toggles array to JSON conversion. If set to TRUE any array
+     * set to a bean property that's not a list will be turned into
+     * a JSON string. Used together with AQueryWriter::useJSONColumns this
+     * extends the data type support for JSON columns.
+     *
+     * So invoking this method is the same as:
+     *
+     * AQueryWriter::useJSONColumns( $flag );
+     * OODBBean::convertArraysToJSON( $flag );
+     *
+     * Unlike the methods above, that return the previous state, this
+     * method does not return anything (void).
+     *
+     * @param boolean $flag feature flag (either TRUE or FALSE)
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function useJSONFeatures( $flag )
+    {
+        AQueryWriter::useJSONColumns( $flag );
+        OODBBean::convertArraysToJSON( $flag );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @experimental
+     *
+     * Given a bean and an optional SQL snippet,
+     * this method will return all child beans in a hierarchically structured
+     * bean table.
+     *
+     * @note that not all database support this functionality. You'll need
+     * at least MariaDB 10.2.2 or Postgres. This method does not include
+     * a warning mechanism in case your database does not support this
+     * functionality.
+     *
+     * @note that this functionality is considered 'experimental'.
+     * It may still contain bugs.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean     bean to find children of
+     * @param string   $sql      optional SQL snippet
+     * @param array    $bindings SQL snippet parameter bindings
+     */
+    public static function children( OODBBean $bean, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$tree->children( $bean, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @experimental
+     *
+     * Given a bean and an optional SQL snippet,
+     * this method will return all parent beans in a hierarchically structured
+     * bean table.
+     *
+     * @note that not all database support this functionality. You'll need
+     * at least MariaDB 10.2.2 or Postgres. This method does not include
+     * a warning mechanism in case your database does not support this
+     * functionality.
+     *
+     * @note that this functionality is considered 'experimental'.
+     * It may still contain bugs.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean     bean to find parents of
+     * @param string   $sql      optional SQL snippet
+     * @param array    $bindings SQL snippet parameter bindings
+     */
+    public static function parents( OODBBean $bean, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        return self::$tree->parents( $bean, $sql, $bindings );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Toggles support for nuke().
+     * Can be used to turn off the nuke() feature for security reasons.
+     * Returns the old flag value.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $flag TRUE or FALSE
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public static function noNuke( $yesNo ) {
+        return AQueryWriter::forbidNuke( $yesNo );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Selects the feature set you want as specified by
+     * the label.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     * R::useFeatureSet( 'novice/latest' );
+     *
+     * @param string $label label
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function useFeatureSet( $label ) {
+        return Feature::feature($label);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dynamically extends the facade with a plugin.
+     * Using this method you can register your plugin with the facade and then
+     * use the plugin by invoking the name specified plugin name as a method on
+     * the facade.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::ext( 'makeTea', function() { ... }  );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * Now you can use your makeTea plugin like this:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::makeTea();
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param string   $pluginName name of the method to call the plugin
+     * @param callable $callable   a PHP callable
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function ext( $pluginName, $callable )
+    {
+        if ( !ctype_alnum( $pluginName ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Plugin name may only contain alphanumeric characters.' );
+        }
+        self::$plugins[$pluginName] = $callable;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call static for use with dynamic plugins. This magic method will
+     * intercept static calls and route them to the specified plugin.
+     *
+     * @param string $pluginName name of the plugin
+     * @param array  $params     list of arguments to pass to plugin method
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public static function __callStatic( $pluginName, $params )
+    {
+        if ( !ctype_alnum( $pluginName) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Plugin name may only contain alphanumeric characters.' );
+        }
+        if ( !isset( self::$plugins[$pluginName] ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Plugin \''.$pluginName.'\' does not exist, add this plugin using: R::ext(\''.$pluginName.'\')' );
+        }
+        return call_user_func_array( self::$plugins[$pluginName], $params );
+    }
 }
 
 }
@@ -15131,429 +15131,429 @@ 
  */
 class DuplicationManager
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var ToolBox
-	 */
-	protected $toolbox;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var AssociationManager
-	 */
-	protected $associationManager;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var OODB
-	 */
-	protected $redbean;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $tables = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $columns = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $filters = array();
-
-	/**
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $cacheTables = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * Copies the shared beans in a bean, i.e. all the sharedBean-lists.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $copy   target bean to copy lists to
-	 * @param string   $shared name of the shared list
-	 * @param array    $beans  array with shared beans to copy
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	private function copySharedBeans( OODBBean $copy, $shared, $beans )
-	{
-		$copy->$shared = array();
-
-		foreach ( $beans as $subBean ) {
-			array_push( $copy->$shared, $subBean );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Copies the own beans in a bean, i.e. all the ownBean-lists.
-	 * Each bean in the own-list belongs exclusively to its owner so
-	 * we need to invoke the duplicate method again to duplicate each bean here.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $copy        target bean to copy lists to
-	 * @param string   $owned       name of the own list
-	 * @param array    $beans       array with shared beans to copy
-	 * @param array    $trail       array with former beans to detect recursion
-	 * @param boolean  $preserveIDs TRUE means preserve IDs, for export only
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	private function copyOwnBeans( OODBBean $copy, $owned, $beans, $trail, $preserveIDs )
-	{
-		$copy->$owned = array();
-		foreach ( $beans as $subBean ) {
-			array_push( $copy->$owned, $this->duplicate( $subBean, $trail, $preserveIDs ) );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Creates a copy of bean $bean and copies all primitive properties (not lists)
-	 * and the parents beans to the newly created bean. Also sets the ID of the bean
-	 * to 0.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean bean to copy
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	private function createCopy( OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		$type = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-
-		$copy = $this->redbean->dispense( $type );
-		$copy->setMeta( 'sys.dup-from-id', $bean->id );
-		$copy->setMeta( 'sys.old-id', $bean->id );
-		$copy->importFrom( $bean );
-		$copy->id = 0;
-
-		return $copy;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Generates a key from the bean type and its ID and determines if the bean
-	 * occurs in the trail, if not the bean will be added to the trail.
-	 * Returns TRUE if the bean occurs in the trail and FALSE otherwise.
-	 *
-	 * @param array    $trail list of former beans
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean  currently selected bean
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	private function inTrailOrAdd( &$trail, OODBBean $bean )
-	{
-		$type = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-		$key  = $type . $bean->getID();
-
-		if ( isset( $trail[$key] ) ) {
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
-		$trail[$key] = $bean;
-
-		return FALSE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Given the type name of a bean this method returns the canonical names
-	 * of the own-list and the shared-list properties respectively.
-	 * Returns a list with two elements: name of the own-list, and name
-	 * of the shared list.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $typeName bean type name
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	private function getListNames( $typeName )
-	{
-		$owned  = 'own' . ucfirst( $typeName );
-		$shared = 'shared' . ucfirst( $typeName );
-
-		return array( $owned, $shared );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Determines whether the bean has an own list based on
-	 * schema inspection from realtime schema or cache.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type   bean type to get list for
-	 * @param string $target type of list you want to detect
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	protected function hasOwnList( $type, $target )
-	{
-		return isset( $this->columns[$target][$type . '_id'] );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Determines whether the bea has a shared list based on
-	 * schema inspection from realtime schema or cache.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type   bean type to get list for
-	 * @param string $target type of list you are looking for
-	 *
-	 * @return boolean
-	 */
-	protected function hasSharedList( $type, $target )
-	{
-		return in_array( AQueryWriter::getAssocTableFormat( array( $type, $target ) ), $this->tables );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @see DuplicationManager::dup
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean        bean to be copied
-	 * @param array    $trail       trail to prevent infinite loops
-	 * @param boolean  $preserveIDs preserve IDs
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	protected function duplicate( OODBBean $bean, $trail = array(), $preserveIDs = FALSE )
-	{
-		if ( $this->inTrailOrAdd( $trail, $bean ) ) return $bean;
-
-		$type = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-
-		$copy = $this->createCopy( $bean );
-		foreach ( $this->tables as $table ) {
-
-			if ( !empty( $this->filters ) ) {
-				if ( !in_array( $table, $this->filters ) ) continue;
-			}
-
-			list( $owned, $shared ) = $this->getListNames( $table );
-
-			if ( $this->hasSharedList( $type, $table ) ) {
-				if ( $beans = $bean->$shared ) {
-					$this->copySharedBeans( $copy, $shared, $beans );
-				}
-			} elseif ( $this->hasOwnList( $type, $table ) ) {
-				if ( $beans = $bean->$owned ) {
-					$this->copyOwnBeans( $copy, $owned, $beans, $trail, $preserveIDs );
-				}
-
-				$copy->setMeta( 'sys.shadow.' . $owned, NULL );
-			}
-
-			$copy->setMeta( 'sys.shadow.' . $shared, NULL );
-		}
-
-		$copy->id = ( $preserveIDs ) ? $bean->id : $copy->id;
-
-		return $copy;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor,
-	 * creates a new instance of DupManager.
-	 *
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox
-	 */
-	public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
-	{
-		$this->toolbox            = $toolbox;
-		$this->redbean            = $toolbox->getRedBean();
-		$this->associationManager = $this->redbean->getAssociationManager();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Recursively turns the keys of an array into
-	 * camelCase.
-	 *
-	 * @param array   $array       array to camelize
-	 * @param boolean $dolphinMode whether you want the exception for IDs.
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function camelfy( $array, $dolphinMode = FALSE ) {
-		$newArray = array();
-		foreach( $array as $key => $element ) {
-			$newKey = preg_replace_callback( '/_(\w)/', function( &$matches ){
-				return strtoupper( $matches[1] );
-			}, $key);
-
-			if ( $dolphinMode ) {
-				$newKey = preg_replace( '/(\w)Id$/', '$1ID', $newKey );
-			}
-
-			$newArray[$newKey] = ( is_array($element) ) ? $this->camelfy( $element, $dolphinMode ) : $element;
-		}
-		return $newArray;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * For better performance you can pass the tables in an array to this method.
-	 * If the tables are available the duplication manager will not query them so
-	 * this might be beneficial for performance.
-	 *
-	 * This method allows two array formats:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array( TABLE1, TABLE2 ... )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * or
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * array( TABLE1 => array( COLUMN1, COLUMN2 ... ) ... )
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param array $tables a table cache array
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function setTables( $tables )
-	{
-		foreach ( $tables as $key => $value ) {
-			if ( is_numeric( $key ) ) {
-				$this->tables[] = $value;
-			} else {
-				$this->tables[]      = $key;
-				$this->columns[$key] = $value;
-			}
-		}
-
-		$this->cacheTables = TRUE;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns a schema array for cache.
-	 * You can use the return value of this method as a cache,
-	 * store it in RAM or on disk and pass it to setTables later.
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function getSchema()
-	{
-		return $this->columns;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Indicates whether you want the duplication manager to cache the database schema.
-	 * If this flag is set to TRUE the duplication manager will query the database schema
-	 * only once. Otherwise the duplicationmanager will, by default, query the schema
-	 * every time a duplication action is performed (dup()).
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $yesNo TRUE to use caching, FALSE otherwise
-	 */
-	public function setCacheTables( $yesNo )
-	{
-		$this->cacheTables = $yesNo;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * A filter array is an array with table names.
-	 * By setting a table filter you can make the duplication manager only take into account
-	 * certain bean types. Other bean types will be ignored when exporting or making a
-	 * deep copy. If no filters are set all types will be taking into account, this is
-	 * the default behavior.
-	 *
-	 * @param array $filters list of tables to be filtered
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function setFilters( $filters )
-	{
-		if ( !is_array( $filters ) ) {
-			$filters = array( $filters );
-		}
-
-		$this->filters = $filters;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Makes a copy of a bean. This method makes a deep copy
-	 * of the bean.The copy will have the following features.
-	 * - All beans in own-lists will be duplicated as well
-	 * - All references to shared beans will be copied but not the shared beans themselves
-	 * - All references to parent objects (_id fields) will be copied but not the parents themselves
-	 * In most cases this is the desired scenario for copying beans.
-	 * This function uses a trail-array to prevent infinite recursion, if a recursive bean is found
-	 * (i.e. one that already has been processed) the ID of the bean will be returned.
-	 * This should not happen though.
-	 *
-	 * Note:
-	 * This function does a reflectional database query so it may be slow.
-	 *
-	 * Note:
-	 * this function actually passes the arguments to a protected function called
-	 * duplicate() that does all the work. This method takes care of creating a clone
-	 * of the bean to avoid the bean getting tainted (triggering saving when storing it).
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean        bean to be copied
-	 * @param array    $trail       for internal usage, pass array()
-	 * @param boolean  $preserveIDs for internal usage
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public function dup( OODBBean $bean, $trail = array(), $preserveIDs = FALSE )
-	{
-		if ( !count( $this->tables ) ) {
-			$this->tables = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->getTables();
-		}
-
-		if ( !count( $this->columns ) ) {
-			foreach ( $this->tables as $table ) {
-				$this->columns[$table] = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->getColumns( $table );
-			}
-		}
-
-		$rs = $this->duplicate( ( clone $bean ), $trail, $preserveIDs );
-
-		if ( !$this->cacheTables ) {
-			$this->tables  = array();
-			$this->columns = array();
-		}
-
-		return $rs;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Exports a collection of beans recursively.
-	 * This method will export an array of beans in the first argument to a
-	 * set of arrays. This can be used to send JSON or XML representations
-	 * of bean hierarchies to the client.
-	 *
-	 * For every bean in the array this method will export:
-	 *
-	 * - contents of the bean
-	 * - all own bean lists (recursively)
-	 * - all shared beans (but not THEIR own lists)
-	 *
-	 * If the second parameter is set to TRUE the parents of the beans in the
-	 * array will be exported as well (but not THEIR parents).
-	 *
-	 * The third parameter can be used to provide a white-list array
-	 * for filtering. This is an array of strings representing type names,
-	 * only the type names in the filter list will be exported.
-	 *
-	 * The fourth parameter can be used to change the keys of the resulting
-	 * export arrays. The default mode is 'snake case' but this leaves the
-	 * keys as-is, because 'snake' is the default case style used by
-	 * RedBeanPHP in the database. You can set this to 'camel' for
-	 * camel cased keys or 'dolphin' (same as camelcase but id will be
-	 * converted to ID instead of Id).
-	 *
-	 * @param array|OODBBean $beans     beans to be exported
-	 * @param boolean        $parents   also export parents
-	 * @param array          $filters   only these types (whitelist)
-	 * @param string         $caseStyle case style identifier
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function exportAll( $beans, $parents = FALSE, $filters = array(), $caseStyle = 'snake')
-	{
-		$array = array();
-		if ( !is_array( $beans ) ) {
-			$beans = array( $beans );
-		}
-		foreach ( $beans as $bean ) {
-			$this->setFilters( $filters );
-			$duplicate = $this->dup( $bean, array(), TRUE );
-			$array[]   = $duplicate->export( FALSE, $parents, FALSE, $filters );
-		}
-		if ( $caseStyle === 'camel' ) $array = $this->camelfy( $array );
-		if ( $caseStyle === 'dolphin' ) $array = $this->camelfy( $array, TRUE );
-		return $array;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var ToolBox
+     */
+    protected $toolbox;
+
+    /**
+     * @var AssociationManager
+     */
+    protected $associationManager;
+
+    /**
+     * @var OODB
+     */
+    protected $redbean;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $tables = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $columns = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $filters = array();
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $cacheTables = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * Copies the shared beans in a bean, i.e. all the sharedBean-lists.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $copy   target bean to copy lists to
+     * @param string   $shared name of the shared list
+     * @param array    $beans  array with shared beans to copy
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    private function copySharedBeans( OODBBean $copy, $shared, $beans )
+    {
+        $copy->$shared = array();
+
+        foreach ( $beans as $subBean ) {
+            array_push( $copy->$shared, $subBean );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies the own beans in a bean, i.e. all the ownBean-lists.
+     * Each bean in the own-list belongs exclusively to its owner so
+     * we need to invoke the duplicate method again to duplicate each bean here.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $copy        target bean to copy lists to
+     * @param string   $owned       name of the own list
+     * @param array    $beans       array with shared beans to copy
+     * @param array    $trail       array with former beans to detect recursion
+     * @param boolean  $preserveIDs TRUE means preserve IDs, for export only
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    private function copyOwnBeans( OODBBean $copy, $owned, $beans, $trail, $preserveIDs )
+    {
+        $copy->$owned = array();
+        foreach ( $beans as $subBean ) {
+            array_push( $copy->$owned, $this->duplicate( $subBean, $trail, $preserveIDs ) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a copy of bean $bean and copies all primitive properties (not lists)
+     * and the parents beans to the newly created bean. Also sets the ID of the bean
+     * to 0.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean bean to copy
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    private function createCopy( OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        $type = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+
+        $copy = $this->redbean->dispense( $type );
+        $copy->setMeta( 'sys.dup-from-id', $bean->id );
+        $copy->setMeta( 'sys.old-id', $bean->id );
+        $copy->importFrom( $bean );
+        $copy->id = 0;
+
+        return $copy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates a key from the bean type and its ID and determines if the bean
+     * occurs in the trail, if not the bean will be added to the trail.
+     * Returns TRUE if the bean occurs in the trail and FALSE otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param array    $trail list of former beans
+     * @param OODBBean $bean  currently selected bean
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    private function inTrailOrAdd( &$trail, OODBBean $bean )
+    {
+        $type = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+        $key  = $type . $bean->getID();
+
+        if ( isset( $trail[$key] ) ) {
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        $trail[$key] = $bean;
+
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given the type name of a bean this method returns the canonical names
+     * of the own-list and the shared-list properties respectively.
+     * Returns a list with two elements: name of the own-list, and name
+     * of the shared list.
+     *
+     * @param string $typeName bean type name
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    private function getListNames( $typeName )
+    {
+        $owned  = 'own' . ucfirst( $typeName );
+        $shared = 'shared' . ucfirst( $typeName );
+
+        return array( $owned, $shared );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the bean has an own list based on
+     * schema inspection from realtime schema or cache.
+     *
+     * @param string $type   bean type to get list for
+     * @param string $target type of list you want to detect
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    protected function hasOwnList( $type, $target )
+    {
+        return isset( $this->columns[$target][$type . '_id'] );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the bea has a shared list based on
+     * schema inspection from realtime schema or cache.
+     *
+     * @param string $type   bean type to get list for
+     * @param string $target type of list you are looking for
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    protected function hasSharedList( $type, $target )
+    {
+        return in_array( AQueryWriter::getAssocTableFormat( array( $type, $target ) ), $this->tables );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see DuplicationManager::dup
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean        bean to be copied
+     * @param array    $trail       trail to prevent infinite loops
+     * @param boolean  $preserveIDs preserve IDs
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    protected function duplicate( OODBBean $bean, $trail = array(), $preserveIDs = FALSE )
+    {
+        if ( $this->inTrailOrAdd( $trail, $bean ) ) return $bean;
+
+        $type = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+
+        $copy = $this->createCopy( $bean );
+        foreach ( $this->tables as $table ) {
+
+            if ( !empty( $this->filters ) ) {
+                if ( !in_array( $table, $this->filters ) ) continue;
+            }
+
+            list( $owned, $shared ) = $this->getListNames( $table );
+
+            if ( $this->hasSharedList( $type, $table ) ) {
+                if ( $beans = $bean->$shared ) {
+                    $this->copySharedBeans( $copy, $shared, $beans );
+                }
+            } elseif ( $this->hasOwnList( $type, $table ) ) {
+                if ( $beans = $bean->$owned ) {
+                    $this->copyOwnBeans( $copy, $owned, $beans, $trail, $preserveIDs );
+                }
+
+                $copy->setMeta( 'sys.shadow.' . $owned, NULL );
+            }
+
+            $copy->setMeta( 'sys.shadow.' . $shared, NULL );
+        }
+
+        $copy->id = ( $preserveIDs ) ? $bean->id : $copy->id;
+
+        return $copy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor,
+     * creates a new instance of DupManager.
+     *
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox
+     */
+    public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
+    {
+        $this->toolbox            = $toolbox;
+        $this->redbean            = $toolbox->getRedBean();
+        $this->associationManager = $this->redbean->getAssociationManager();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recursively turns the keys of an array into
+     * camelCase.
+     *
+     * @param array   $array       array to camelize
+     * @param boolean $dolphinMode whether you want the exception for IDs.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function camelfy( $array, $dolphinMode = FALSE ) {
+        $newArray = array();
+        foreach( $array as $key => $element ) {
+            $newKey = preg_replace_callback( '/_(\w)/', function( &$matches ){
+                return strtoupper( $matches[1] );
+            }, $key);
+
+            if ( $dolphinMode ) {
+                $newKey = preg_replace( '/(\w)Id$/', '$1ID', $newKey );
+            }
+
+            $newArray[$newKey] = ( is_array($element) ) ? $this->camelfy( $element, $dolphinMode ) : $element;
+        }
+        return $newArray;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For better performance you can pass the tables in an array to this method.
+     * If the tables are available the duplication manager will not query them so
+     * this might be beneficial for performance.
+     *
+     * This method allows two array formats:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array( TABLE1, TABLE2 ... )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * or
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * array( TABLE1 => array( COLUMN1, COLUMN2 ... ) ... )
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param array $tables a table cache array
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setTables( $tables )
+    {
+        foreach ( $tables as $key => $value ) {
+            if ( is_numeric( $key ) ) {
+                $this->tables[] = $value;
+            } else {
+                $this->tables[]      = $key;
+                $this->columns[$key] = $value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->cacheTables = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a schema array for cache.
+     * You can use the return value of this method as a cache,
+     * store it in RAM or on disk and pass it to setTables later.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getSchema()
+    {
+        return $this->columns;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether you want the duplication manager to cache the database schema.
+     * If this flag is set to TRUE the duplication manager will query the database schema
+     * only once. Otherwise the duplicationmanager will, by default, query the schema
+     * every time a duplication action is performed (dup()).
+     *
+     * @param boolean $yesNo TRUE to use caching, FALSE otherwise
+     */
+    public function setCacheTables( $yesNo )
+    {
+        $this->cacheTables = $yesNo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A filter array is an array with table names.
+     * By setting a table filter you can make the duplication manager only take into account
+     * certain bean types. Other bean types will be ignored when exporting or making a
+     * deep copy. If no filters are set all types will be taking into account, this is
+     * the default behavior.
+     *
+     * @param array $filters list of tables to be filtered
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setFilters( $filters )
+    {
+        if ( !is_array( $filters ) ) {
+            $filters = array( $filters );
+        }
+
+        $this->filters = $filters;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Makes a copy of a bean. This method makes a deep copy
+     * of the bean.The copy will have the following features.
+     * - All beans in own-lists will be duplicated as well
+     * - All references to shared beans will be copied but not the shared beans themselves
+     * - All references to parent objects (_id fields) will be copied but not the parents themselves
+     * In most cases this is the desired scenario for copying beans.
+     * This function uses a trail-array to prevent infinite recursion, if a recursive bean is found
+     * (i.e. one that already has been processed) the ID of the bean will be returned.
+     * This should not happen though.
+     *
+     * Note:
+     * This function does a reflectional database query so it may be slow.
+     *
+     * Note:
+     * this function actually passes the arguments to a protected function called
+     * duplicate() that does all the work. This method takes care of creating a clone
+     * of the bean to avoid the bean getting tainted (triggering saving when storing it).
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean        bean to be copied
+     * @param array    $trail       for internal usage, pass array()
+     * @param boolean  $preserveIDs for internal usage
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public function dup( OODBBean $bean, $trail = array(), $preserveIDs = FALSE )
+    {
+        if ( !count( $this->tables ) ) {
+            $this->tables = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->getTables();
+        }
+
+        if ( !count( $this->columns ) ) {
+            foreach ( $this->tables as $table ) {
+                $this->columns[$table] = $this->toolbox->getWriter()->getColumns( $table );
+            }
+        }
+
+        $rs = $this->duplicate( ( clone $bean ), $trail, $preserveIDs );
+
+        if ( !$this->cacheTables ) {
+            $this->tables  = array();
+            $this->columns = array();
+        }
+
+        return $rs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exports a collection of beans recursively.
+     * This method will export an array of beans in the first argument to a
+     * set of arrays. This can be used to send JSON or XML representations
+     * of bean hierarchies to the client.
+     *
+     * For every bean in the array this method will export:
+     *
+     * - contents of the bean
+     * - all own bean lists (recursively)
+     * - all shared beans (but not THEIR own lists)
+     *
+     * If the second parameter is set to TRUE the parents of the beans in the
+     * array will be exported as well (but not THEIR parents).
+     *
+     * The third parameter can be used to provide a white-list array
+     * for filtering. This is an array of strings representing type names,
+     * only the type names in the filter list will be exported.
+     *
+     * The fourth parameter can be used to change the keys of the resulting
+     * export arrays. The default mode is 'snake case' but this leaves the
+     * keys as-is, because 'snake' is the default case style used by
+     * RedBeanPHP in the database. You can set this to 'camel' for
+     * camel cased keys or 'dolphin' (same as camelcase but id will be
+     * converted to ID instead of Id).
+     *
+     * @param array|OODBBean $beans     beans to be exported
+     * @param boolean        $parents   also export parents
+     * @param array          $filters   only these types (whitelist)
+     * @param string         $caseStyle case style identifier
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function exportAll( $beans, $parents = FALSE, $filters = array(), $caseStyle = 'snake')
+    {
+        $array = array();
+        if ( !is_array( $beans ) ) {
+            $beans = array( $beans );
+        }
+        foreach ( $beans as $bean ) {
+            $this->setFilters( $filters );
+            $duplicate = $this->dup( $bean, array(), TRUE );
+            $array[]   = $duplicate->export( FALSE, $parents, FALSE, $filters );
+        }
+        if ( $caseStyle === 'camel' ) $array = $this->camelfy( $array );
+        if ( $caseStyle === 'dolphin' ) $array = $this->camelfy( $array, TRUE );
+        return $array;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -15584,65 +15584,65 @@ 
  */
 class ArrayTool
 {
-	/**
-	 * Generates question mark slots for an array of values.
-	 * Given an array and an optional template string this method
-	 * will produce string containing parameter slots for use in
-	 * an SQL query string.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::genSlots( array( 'a', 'b' ) );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The statement in the example will produce the string:
-	 * '?,?'.
-	 *
-	 * Another example, using a template string:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::genSlots( array('a', 'b'), ' IN( %s ) ' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The statement in the example will produce the string:
-	 * ' IN( ?,? ) '.
-	 *
-	 * @param array  $array    array to generate question mark slots for
-	 * @param string $template template to use
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public static function genSlots( $array, $template = NULL )
-	{
-		$str = count( $array ) ? implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $array ), '?' ) ) : '';
-		return ( is_null( $template ) ||  $str === '' ) ? $str : sprintf( $template, $str );
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Flattens a multi dimensional bindings array for use with genSlots().
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * R::flat( array( 'a', array( 'b' ), 'c' ) );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * produces an array like: [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]
-	 *
-	 * @param array $array  array to flatten
-	 * @param array $result result array parameter (for recursion)
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function flat( $array, $result = array() )
-	{		
-		foreach( $array as $value ) {
-			if ( is_array( $value ) ) $result = self::flat( $value, $result );
-			else $result[] = $value;
-		}
-		return $result;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Generates question mark slots for an array of values.
+     * Given an array and an optional template string this method
+     * will produce string containing parameter slots for use in
+     * an SQL query string.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::genSlots( array( 'a', 'b' ) );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The statement in the example will produce the string:
+     * '?,?'.
+     *
+     * Another example, using a template string:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::genSlots( array('a', 'b'), ' IN( %s ) ' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The statement in the example will produce the string:
+     * ' IN( ?,? ) '.
+     *
+     * @param array  $array    array to generate question mark slots for
+     * @param string $template template to use
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public static function genSlots( $array, $template = NULL )
+    {
+        $str = count( $array ) ? implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $array ), '?' ) ) : '';
+        return ( is_null( $template ) ||  $str === '' ) ? $str : sprintf( $template, $str );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flattens a multi dimensional bindings array for use with genSlots().
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * R::flat( array( 'a', array( 'b' ), 'c' ) );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * produces an array like: [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]
+     *
+     * @param array $array  array to flatten
+     * @param array $result result array parameter (for recursion)
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function flat( $array, $result = array() )
+    {		
+        foreach( $array as $value ) {
+            if ( is_array( $value ) ) $result = self::flat( $value, $result );
+            else $result[] = $value;
+        }
+        return $result;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -15667,191 +15667,191 @@ 
  */
 class DispenseHelper
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var boolean
-	 */
-	private static $enforceNamingPolicy = TRUE;
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the enforce naming policy flag. If set to
-	 * TRUE the RedBeanPHP naming policy will be enforced.
-	 * Otherwise it will not. Use at your own risk.
-	 * Setting this to FALSE is not recommended.
-	 *
-	 * @param boolean $yesNo whether to enforce RB name policy
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function setEnforceNamingPolicy( $yesNo )
-	{
-		self::$enforceNamingPolicy = (boolean) $yesNo;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Checks whether the bean type conforms to the RedbeanPHP
-	 * naming policy. This method will throw an exception if the
-	 * type does not conform to the RedBeanPHP database column naming
-	 * policy.
-	 *
-	 * The RedBeanPHP naming policy for beans states that valid
-	 * bean type names contain only:
-	 *
-	 * - lowercase alphanumeric characters a-z
-	 * - numbers 0-9
-	 * - at least one character
-	 *
-	 * Although there are no restrictions on length, database
-	 * specific implementations may apply further restrictions
-	 * regarding the length of a table which means these restrictions
-	 * also apply to bean types.
-	 *
-	 * The RedBeanPHP naming policy ensures that, without any
-	 * configuration, the core functionalities work across many
-	 * databases and operating systems, including those that are
-	 * case insensitive or restricted to the ASCII character set.
-	 *
-	 * Although these restrictions can be bypassed, this is not
-	 * recommended.
-	 *
-	 * @param string $type type of bean
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function checkType( $type )
-	{
-		if ( !preg_match( '/^[a-z0-9]+$/', $type ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'Invalid type: ' . $type );
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Dispenses a new RedBean OODB Bean for use with
-	 * the rest of the methods. RedBeanPHP thinks in beans, the bean is the
-	 * primary way to interact with RedBeanPHP and the database managed by
-	 * RedBeanPHP. To load, store and delete data from the database using RedBeanPHP
-	 * you exchange these RedBeanPHP OODB Beans. The only exception to this rule
-	 * are the raw query methods like R::getCell() or R::exec() and so on.
-	 * The dispense method is the 'preferred way' to create a new bean.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $book = R::dispense( 'book' );
-	 * $book->title = 'My Book';
-	 * R::store( $book );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This method can also be used to create an entire bean graph at once.
-	 * Given an array with keys specifying the property names of the beans
-	 * and a special _type key to indicate the type of bean, one can
-	 * make the Dispense Helper generate an entire hierarchy of beans, including
-	 * lists. To make dispense() generate a list, simply add a key like:
-	 * ownXList or sharedXList where X is the type of beans it contains and
-	 * a set its value to an array filled with arrays representing the beans.
-	 * Note that, although the type may have been hinted at in the list name,
-	 * you still have to specify a _type key for every bean array in the list.
-	 * Note that, if you specify an array to generate a bean graph, the number
-	 * parameter will be ignored.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 *  $book = R::dispense( [
+    /**
+     * @var boolean
+     */
+    private static $enforceNamingPolicy = TRUE;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the enforce naming policy flag. If set to
+     * TRUE the RedBeanPHP naming policy will be enforced.
+     * Otherwise it will not. Use at your own risk.
+     * Setting this to FALSE is not recommended.
+     *
+     * @param boolean $yesNo whether to enforce RB name policy
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function setEnforceNamingPolicy( $yesNo )
+    {
+        self::$enforceNamingPolicy = (boolean) $yesNo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the bean type conforms to the RedbeanPHP
+     * naming policy. This method will throw an exception if the
+     * type does not conform to the RedBeanPHP database column naming
+     * policy.
+     *
+     * The RedBeanPHP naming policy for beans states that valid
+     * bean type names contain only:
+     *
+     * - lowercase alphanumeric characters a-z
+     * - numbers 0-9
+     * - at least one character
+     *
+     * Although there are no restrictions on length, database
+     * specific implementations may apply further restrictions
+     * regarding the length of a table which means these restrictions
+     * also apply to bean types.
+     *
+     * The RedBeanPHP naming policy ensures that, without any
+     * configuration, the core functionalities work across many
+     * databases and operating systems, including those that are
+     * case insensitive or restricted to the ASCII character set.
+     *
+     * Although these restrictions can be bypassed, this is not
+     * recommended.
+     *
+     * @param string $type type of bean
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function checkType( $type )
+    {
+        if ( !preg_match( '/^[a-z0-9]+$/', $type ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'Invalid type: ' . $type );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dispenses a new RedBean OODB Bean for use with
+     * the rest of the methods. RedBeanPHP thinks in beans, the bean is the
+     * primary way to interact with RedBeanPHP and the database managed by
+     * RedBeanPHP. To load, store and delete data from the database using RedBeanPHP
+     * you exchange these RedBeanPHP OODB Beans. The only exception to this rule
+     * are the raw query methods like R::getCell() or R::exec() and so on.
+     * The dispense method is the 'preferred way' to create a new bean.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $book = R::dispense( 'book' );
+     * $book->title = 'My Book';
+     * R::store( $book );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This method can also be used to create an entire bean graph at once.
+     * Given an array with keys specifying the property names of the beans
+     * and a special _type key to indicate the type of bean, one can
+     * make the Dispense Helper generate an entire hierarchy of beans, including
+     * lists. To make dispense() generate a list, simply add a key like:
+     * ownXList or sharedXList where X is the type of beans it contains and
+     * a set its value to an array filled with arrays representing the beans.
+     * Note that, although the type may have been hinted at in the list name,
+     * you still have to specify a _type key for every bean array in the list.
+     * Note that, if you specify an array to generate a bean graph, the number
+     * parameter will be ignored.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     *  $book = R::dispense( [
      *   '_type' => 'book',
      *   'title'  => 'Gifted Programmers',
      *   'author' => [ '_type' => 'author', 'name' => 'Xavier' ],
      *   'ownPageList' => [ ['_type'=>'page', 'text' => '...'] ]
      * ] );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param string|array $typeOrBeanArray   type or bean array to import
-	 * @param integer      $num               number of beans to dispense
-	 * @param boolean      $alwaysReturnArray if TRUE always returns the result as an array
-	 *
-	 * @return array|OODBBean
-	 */
-	public static function dispense( OODB $oodb, $typeOrBeanArray, $num = 1, $alwaysReturnArray = FALSE ) {
-
-		if ( is_array($typeOrBeanArray) ) {
-
-			if ( !isset( $typeOrBeanArray['_type'] ) ) {
-				$list = array();
-				foreach( $typeOrBeanArray as $beanArray ) {
-					if ( 
-						!( is_array( $beanArray ) 
-						&& isset( $beanArray['_type'] ) ) ) {
-						throw new RedException( 'Invalid Array Bean' );
-					}
-				}
-				foreach( $typeOrBeanArray as $beanArray ) $list[] = self::dispense( $oodb, $beanArray );
-				return $list;
-			}
-
-			$import = $typeOrBeanArray;
-			$type = $import['_type'];
-			unset( $import['_type'] );
-		} else {
-			$type = $typeOrBeanArray;
-		}
-
-		if (self::$enforceNamingPolicy) self::checkType( $type );
-
-		$beanOrBeans = $oodb->dispense( $type, $num, $alwaysReturnArray );
-
-		if ( isset( $import ) ) {
-			$beanOrBeans->import( $import );
-		}
-
-		return $beanOrBeans;
-	}
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param string|array $typeOrBeanArray   type or bean array to import
+     * @param integer      $num               number of beans to dispense
+     * @param boolean      $alwaysReturnArray if TRUE always returns the result as an array
+     *
+     * @return array|OODBBean
+     */
+    public static function dispense( OODB $oodb, $typeOrBeanArray, $num = 1, $alwaysReturnArray = FALSE ) {
+
+        if ( is_array($typeOrBeanArray) ) {
+
+            if ( !isset( $typeOrBeanArray['_type'] ) ) {
+                $list = array();
+                foreach( $typeOrBeanArray as $beanArray ) {
+                    if ( 
+                        !( is_array( $beanArray ) 
+                        && isset( $beanArray['_type'] ) ) ) {
+                        throw new RedException( 'Invalid Array Bean' );
+                    }
+                }
+                foreach( $typeOrBeanArray as $beanArray ) $list[] = self::dispense( $oodb, $beanArray );
+                return $list;
+            }
+
+            $import = $typeOrBeanArray;
+            $type = $import['_type'];
+            unset( $import['_type'] );
+        } else {
+            $type = $typeOrBeanArray;
+        }
+
+        if (self::$enforceNamingPolicy) self::checkType( $type );
+
+        $beanOrBeans = $oodb->dispense( $type, $num, $alwaysReturnArray );
+
+        if ( isset( $import ) ) {
+            $beanOrBeans->import( $import );
+        }
+
+        return $beanOrBeans;
+    }
 	
 	
-	/**
-	 * Takes a comma separated list of bean types
-	 * and dispenses these beans. For each type in the list
-	 * you can specify the number of beans to be dispensed.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * list( $book, $page, $text ) = R::dispenseAll( 'book,page,text' );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This will dispense a book, a page and a text. This way you can
-	 * quickly dispense beans of various types in just one line of code.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * list($book, $pages) = R::dispenseAll('book,page*100');
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * This returns an array with a book bean and then another array
-	 * containing 100 page beans.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODB    $oodb       OODB
-	 * @param string  $order      a description of the desired dispense order using the syntax above
-	 * @param boolean $onlyArrays return only arrays even if amount < 2
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function dispenseAll( OODB $oodb, $order, $onlyArrays = FALSE )
-	{
-		$list = array();
-
-		foreach( explode( ',', $order ) as $order ) {
-			if ( strpos( $order, '*' ) !== FALSE ) {
-				list( $type, $amount ) = explode( '*', $order );
-			} else {
-				$type   = $order;
-				$amount = 1;
-			}
-
-			$list[] = self::dispense( $oodb, $type, $amount, $onlyArrays );
-		}
-
-		return $list;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Takes a comma separated list of bean types
+     * and dispenses these beans. For each type in the list
+     * you can specify the number of beans to be dispensed.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * list( $book, $page, $text ) = R::dispenseAll( 'book,page,text' );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This will dispense a book, a page and a text. This way you can
+     * quickly dispense beans of various types in just one line of code.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * list($book, $pages) = R::dispenseAll('book,page*100');
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * This returns an array with a book bean and then another array
+     * containing 100 page beans.
+     *
+     * @param OODB    $oodb       OODB
+     * @param string  $order      a description of the desired dispense order using the syntax above
+     * @param boolean $onlyArrays return only arrays even if amount < 2
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function dispenseAll( OODB $oodb, $order, $onlyArrays = FALSE )
+    {
+        $list = array();
+
+        foreach( explode( ',', $order ) as $order ) {
+            if ( strpos( $order, '*' ) !== FALSE ) {
+                list( $type, $amount ) = explode( '*', $order );
+            } else {
+                $type   = $order;
+                $amount = 1;
+            }
+
+            $list[] = self::dispense( $oodb, $type, $amount, $onlyArrays );
+        }
+
+        return $list;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -15881,47 +15881,47 @@ 
  */
 class Dump
 {
-	/**
-	 * Dumps bean data to array.
-	 * Given a one or more beans this method will
-	 * return an array containing first part of the string
-	 * representation of each item in the array.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * echo R::dump( $bean );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * The example shows how to echo the result of a simple
-	 * dump. This will print the string representation of the
-	 * specified bean to the screen, limiting the output per bean
-	 * to 35 characters to improve readability. Nested beans will
-	 * also be dumped.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|array $data either a bean or an array of beans
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public static function dump( $data )
-	{
-		$array = array();
-		if ( $data instanceof OODBBean ) {
-			$str = strval( $data );
-			if (strlen($str) > 35) {
-				$beanStr = substr( $str, 0, 35 ).'... ';
-			} else {
-				$beanStr = $str;
-			}
-			return $beanStr;
-		}
-		if ( is_array( $data ) ) {
-			foreach( $data as $key => $item ) {
-				$array[$key] = self::dump( $item );
-			}
-		}
-		return $array;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Dumps bean data to array.
+     * Given a one or more beans this method will
+     * return an array containing first part of the string
+     * representation of each item in the array.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * echo R::dump( $bean );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The example shows how to echo the result of a simple
+     * dump. This will print the string representation of the
+     * specified bean to the screen, limiting the output per bean
+     * to 35 characters to improve readability. Nested beans will
+     * also be dumped.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|array $data either a bean or an array of beans
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public static function dump( $data )
+    {
+        $array = array();
+        if ( $data instanceof OODBBean ) {
+            $str = strval( $data );
+            if (strlen($str) > 35) {
+                $beanStr = substr( $str, 0, 35 ).'... ';
+            } else {
+                $beanStr = $str;
+            }
+            return $beanStr;
+        }
+        if ( is_array( $data ) ) {
+            foreach( $data as $key => $item ) {
+                $array[$key] = self::dump( $item );
+            }
+        }
+        return $array;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -15951,42 +15951,42 @@ 
  */
 class MultiLoader
 {
-	/**
-	 * Loads multiple types of beans with the same ID.
-	 * This might look like a strange method, however it can be useful
-	 * for loading a one-to-one relation. In a typical 1-1 relation,
-	 * you have two records sharing the same primary key.
-	 * RedBeanPHP has only limited support for 1-1 relations.
-	 * In general it is recommended to use 1-N for this.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * list( $author, $bio ) = R::loadMulti( 'author, bio', $id );
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param OODB         $oodb  OODB object
-	 * @param string|array $types the set of types to load at once
-	 * @param mixed        $id    the common ID
-	 *
-	 * @return OODBBean
-	 */
-	public static function load( OODB $oodb, $types, $id )
-	{
-		if ( is_string( $types ) ) {
-			$types = explode( ',', $types );
-		}
-
-		if ( !is_array( $types ) ) {
-			return array();
-		}
-
-		foreach ( $types as $k => $typeItem ) {
-			$types[$k] = $oodb->load( $typeItem, $id );
-		}
-
-		return $types;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Loads multiple types of beans with the same ID.
+     * This might look like a strange method, however it can be useful
+     * for loading a one-to-one relation. In a typical 1-1 relation,
+     * you have two records sharing the same primary key.
+     * RedBeanPHP has only limited support for 1-1 relations.
+     * In general it is recommended to use 1-N for this.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * list( $author, $bio ) = R::loadMulti( 'author, bio', $id );
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param OODB         $oodb  OODB object
+     * @param string|array $types the set of types to load at once
+     * @param mixed        $id    the common ID
+     *
+     * @return OODBBean
+     */
+    public static function load( OODB $oodb, $types, $id )
+    {
+        if ( is_string( $types ) ) {
+            $types = explode( ',', $types );
+        }
+
+        if ( !is_array( $types ) ) {
+            return array();
+        }
+
+        foreach ( $types as $k => $typeItem ) {
+            $types[$k] = $oodb->load( $typeItem, $id );
+        }
+
+        return $types;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -16019,64 +16019,64 @@ 
  */
 class Transaction
 {
-	/**
-	 * Wraps a transaction around a closure or string callback.
-	 * If an Exception is thrown inside, the operation is automatically rolled back.
-	 * If no Exception happens, it commits automatically.
-	 * It also supports (simulated) nested transactions (that is useful when
-	 * you have many methods that needs transactions but are unaware of
-	 * each other).
-	 *
-	 * Example:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $from = 1;
-	 * $to = 2;
-	 * $amount = 300;
-	 *
-	 * R::transaction(function() use($from, $to, $amount)
-	 * {
-	 *   $accountFrom = R::load('account', $from);
-	 *   $accountTo = R::load('account', $to);
-	 *   $accountFrom->money -= $amount;
-	 *   $accountTo->money += $amount;
-	 *   R::store($accountFrom);
-	 *   R::store($accountTo);
-	 * });
-	 * </code>
-	 *
-	 * @param Adapter  $adapter  Database Adapter providing transaction mechanisms.
-	 * @param callable $callback Closure (or other callable) with the transaction logic
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public static function transaction( Adapter $adapter, $callback )
-	{
-		if ( !is_callable( $callback ) ) {
-			throw new RedException( 'R::transaction needs a valid callback.' );
-		}
-
-		static $depth = 0;
-		$result = null;
-		try {
-			if ( $depth == 0 ) {
-				$adapter->startTransaction();
-			}
-			$depth++;
-			$result = call_user_func( $callback ); //maintain 5.2 compatibility
-			$depth--;
-			if ( $depth == 0 ) {
-				$adapter->commit();
-			}
-		} catch ( \Exception $exception ) {
-			$depth--;
-			if ( $depth == 0 ) {
-				$adapter->rollback();
-			}
-			throw $exception;
-		}
-		return $result;
-	}
+    /**
+     * Wraps a transaction around a closure or string callback.
+     * If an Exception is thrown inside, the operation is automatically rolled back.
+     * If no Exception happens, it commits automatically.
+     * It also supports (simulated) nested transactions (that is useful when
+     * you have many methods that needs transactions but are unaware of
+     * each other).
+     *
+     * Example:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $from = 1;
+     * $to = 2;
+     * $amount = 300;
+     *
+     * R::transaction(function() use($from, $to, $amount)
+     * {
+     *   $accountFrom = R::load('account', $from);
+     *   $accountTo = R::load('account', $to);
+     *   $accountFrom->money -= $amount;
+     *   $accountTo->money += $amount;
+     *   R::store($accountFrom);
+     *   R::store($accountTo);
+     * });
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Adapter  $adapter  Database Adapter providing transaction mechanisms.
+     * @param callable $callback Closure (or other callable) with the transaction logic
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public static function transaction( Adapter $adapter, $callback )
+    {
+        if ( !is_callable( $callback ) ) {
+            throw new RedException( 'R::transaction needs a valid callback.' );
+        }
+
+        static $depth = 0;
+        $result = null;
+        try {
+            if ( $depth == 0 ) {
+                $adapter->startTransaction();
+            }
+            $depth++;
+            $result = call_user_func( $callback ); //maintain 5.2 compatibility
+            $depth--;
+            if ( $depth == 0 ) {
+                $adapter->commit();
+            }
+        } catch ( \Exception $exception ) {
+            $depth--;
+            if ( $depth == 0 ) {
+                $adapter->rollback();
+            }
+            throw $exception;
+        }
+        return $result;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -16103,103 +16103,103 @@ 
  */
 class QuickExport
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var Finder
-	 */
-	protected $toolbox;
-
-	/**
-	 * @boolean
-	 */
-	private static $test = FALSE;
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor.
-	 * The Quick Export requires a toolbox.
-	 *
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox
-	 */
-	public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
-	{
-		$this->toolbox = $toolbox;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Makes csv() testable.
-	 */
-	public static function operation( $name, $arg1, $arg2 = TRUE ) {
-		$out = '';
-		switch( $name ) {
-			case 'test':
-				self::$test = (boolean) $arg1;
-				break;
-			case 'header':
-				$out = ( self::$test ) ? $arg1 : header( $arg1, $arg2 );
-				break;
-			case 'readfile':
-				$out = ( self::$test ) ? file_get_contents( $arg1 ) : readfile( $arg1 );
-				break;
-			case 'exit':
-				$out = ( self::$test ) ? 'exit' : exit();
-				break;
-		}
-		return $out;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Exposes the result of the specified SQL query as a CSV file.
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * R::csv( 'SELECT
-	 *                 `name`,
-	 *                  population
-	 *          FROM city
-	 *          WHERE region = :region ',
-	 *          array( ':region' => 'Denmark' ),
-	 *          array( 'city', 'population' ),
-	 *          '/tmp/cities.csv'
-	 * );
-	 *
-	 * The command above will select all cities in Denmark
-	 * and create a CSV with columns 'city' and 'population' and
-	 * populate the cells under these column headers with the
-	 * names of the cities and the population numbers respectively.
-	 *
-	 * @param string  $sql      SQL query to expose result of
-	 * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings
-	 * @param array   $columns  column headers for CSV file
-	 * @param string  $path     path to save CSV file to
-	 * @param boolean $output   TRUE to output CSV directly using readfile
-	 * @param array   $options  delimiter, quote and escape character respectively
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function csv( $sql = '', $bindings = array(), $columns = NULL, $path = '/tmp/redexport_%s.csv', $output = TRUE, $options = array(',','"','\\') )
-	{
-		list( $delimiter, $enclosure, $escapeChar ) = $options;
-		$path = sprintf( $path, date('Ymd_his') );
-		$handle = fopen( $path, 'w' );
-		if ($columns) if (PHP_VERSION_ID>=505040) fputcsv($handle, $columns, $delimiter, $enclosure, $escapeChar ); else fputcsv($handle, $columns, $delimiter, $enclosure );
-		$cursor = $this->toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter()->getCursor( $sql, $bindings );
-		while( $row = $cursor->getNextItem() ) {
-			if (PHP_VERSION_ID>=505040) fputcsv($handle, $row, $delimiter, $enclosure, $escapeChar ); else fputcsv($handle, $row, $delimiter, $enclosure );
-		}
-		fclose($handle);
-		if ( $output ) {
-			$file = basename($path);
-			$out = self::operation('header',"Pragma: public");
-			$out .= self::operation('header',"Expires: 0");
-			$out .= self::operation('header',"Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
-			$out .= self::operation('header',"Cache-Control: private", FALSE );
-			$out .= self::operation('header',"Content-Type: text/csv");
-			$out .= self::operation('header',"Content-Disposition: attachment; filename={$file}" );
-			$out .= self::operation('header',"Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
-			$out .= self::operation('readfile',$path );
-			@unlink( $path );
-			self::operation('exit', FALSE);
-			return $out;
-		}
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var Finder
+     */
+    protected $toolbox;
+
+    /**
+     * @boolean
+     */
+    private static $test = FALSE;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     * The Quick Export requires a toolbox.
+     *
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox
+     */
+    public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
+    {
+        $this->toolbox = $toolbox;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Makes csv() testable.
+     */
+    public static function operation( $name, $arg1, $arg2 = TRUE ) {
+        $out = '';
+        switch( $name ) {
+            case 'test':
+                self::$test = (boolean) $arg1;
+                break;
+            case 'header':
+                $out = ( self::$test ) ? $arg1 : header( $arg1, $arg2 );
+                break;
+            case 'readfile':
+                $out = ( self::$test ) ? file_get_contents( $arg1 ) : readfile( $arg1 );
+                break;
+            case 'exit':
+                $out = ( self::$test ) ? 'exit' : exit();
+                break;
+        }
+        return $out;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exposes the result of the specified SQL query as a CSV file.
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * R::csv( 'SELECT
+     *                 `name`,
+     *                  population
+     *          FROM city
+     *          WHERE region = :region ',
+     *          array( ':region' => 'Denmark' ),
+     *          array( 'city', 'population' ),
+     *          '/tmp/cities.csv'
+     * );
+     *
+     * The command above will select all cities in Denmark
+     * and create a CSV with columns 'city' and 'population' and
+     * populate the cells under these column headers with the
+     * names of the cities and the population numbers respectively.
+     *
+     * @param string  $sql      SQL query to expose result of
+     * @param array   $bindings parameter bindings
+     * @param array   $columns  column headers for CSV file
+     * @param string  $path     path to save CSV file to
+     * @param boolean $output   TRUE to output CSV directly using readfile
+     * @param array   $options  delimiter, quote and escape character respectively
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function csv( $sql = '', $bindings = array(), $columns = NULL, $path = '/tmp/redexport_%s.csv', $output = TRUE, $options = array(',','"','\\') )
+    {
+        list( $delimiter, $enclosure, $escapeChar ) = $options;
+        $path = sprintf( $path, date('Ymd_his') );
+        $handle = fopen( $path, 'w' );
+        if ($columns) if (PHP_VERSION_ID>=505040) fputcsv($handle, $columns, $delimiter, $enclosure, $escapeChar ); else fputcsv($handle, $columns, $delimiter, $enclosure );
+        $cursor = $this->toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter()->getCursor( $sql, $bindings );
+        while( $row = $cursor->getNextItem() ) {
+            if (PHP_VERSION_ID>=505040) fputcsv($handle, $row, $delimiter, $enclosure, $escapeChar ); else fputcsv($handle, $row, $delimiter, $enclosure );
+        }
+        fclose($handle);
+        if ( $output ) {
+            $file = basename($path);
+            $out = self::operation('header',"Pragma: public");
+            $out .= self::operation('header',"Expires: 0");
+            $out .= self::operation('header',"Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
+            $out .= self::operation('header',"Cache-Control: private", FALSE );
+            $out .= self::operation('header',"Content-Type: text/csv");
+            $out .= self::operation('header',"Content-Disposition: attachment; filename={$file}" );
+            $out .= self::operation('header',"Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
+            $out .= self::operation('readfile',$path );
+            @unlink( $path );
+            self::operation('exit', FALSE);
+            return $out;
+        }
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -16230,82 +16230,82 @@ 
  */
 class MatchUp
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var Toolbox
-	 */
-	protected $toolbox;
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor.
-	 * The MatchUp class requires a toolbox
-	 *
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox
-	 */
-	public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
-	{
-		$this->toolbox = $toolbox;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * MatchUp is a powerful productivity boosting method that can replace simple control
-	 * scripts with a single RedBeanPHP command. Typically, matchUp() is used to
-	 * replace login scripts, token generation scripts and password reset scripts.
-	 * The MatchUp method takes a bean type, an SQL query snippet (starting at the WHERE clause),
-	 * SQL bindings, a pair of task arrays and a bean reference.
-	 *
-	 * If the first 3 parameters match a bean, the first task list will be considered,
-	 * otherwise the second one will be considered. On consideration, each task list,
-	 * an array of keys and values will be executed. Every key in the task list should
-	 * correspond to a bean property while every value can either be an expression to
-	 * be evaluated or a closure (PHP 5.3+). After applying the task list to the bean
-	 * it will be stored. If no bean has been found, a new bean will be dispensed.
-	 *
-	 * This method will return TRUE if the bean was found and FALSE if not AND
-	 * there was a NOT-FOUND task list. If no bean was found AND there was also
-	 * no second task list, NULL will be returned.
-	 *
-	 * To obtain the bean, pass a variable as the sixth parameter.
-	 * The function will put the matching bean in the specified variable.
-	 *
-	 * @param string   $type         type of bean you're looking for
-	 * @param string   $sql          SQL snippet (starting at the WHERE clause, omit WHERE-keyword)
-	 * @param array    $bindings     array of parameter bindings for SQL snippet
-	 * @param array    $onFoundDo    task list to be considered on finding the bean
-	 * @param array    $onNotFoundDo task list to be considered on NOT finding the bean
-	 * @param OODBBean &$bean        reference to obtain the found bean
-	 *
-	 * @return mixed
-	 */
-	public function matchUp( $type, $sql, $bindings = array(), $onFoundDo = NULL, $onNotFoundDo = NULL, &$bean = NULL )
-	{
-		$finder = new Finder( $this->toolbox );
-		$oodb   = $this->toolbox->getRedBean();
-		$bean = $finder->findOne( $type, $sql, $bindings );
-		if ( $bean && $onFoundDo ) {
-			foreach( $onFoundDo as $property => $value ) {
-				if ( function_exists('is_callable') && is_callable( $value ) ) {
-					$bean[$property] = call_user_func_array( $value, array( $bean ) );
-				} else {
-					$bean[$property] = $value;
-				}
-			}
-			$oodb->store( $bean );
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-		if ( $onNotFoundDo ) {
-			$bean = $oodb->dispense( $type );
-			foreach( $onNotFoundDo as $property => $value ) {
-				if ( function_exists('is_callable') && is_callable( $value ) ) {
-					$bean[$property] = call_user_func_array( $value, array( $bean ) );
-				} else {
-					$bean[$property] = $value;
-				}
-			}
-			$oodb->store( $bean );
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		return NULL;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var Toolbox
+     */
+    protected $toolbox;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     * The MatchUp class requires a toolbox
+     *
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox
+     */
+    public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
+    {
+        $this->toolbox = $toolbox;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * MatchUp is a powerful productivity boosting method that can replace simple control
+     * scripts with a single RedBeanPHP command. Typically, matchUp() is used to
+     * replace login scripts, token generation scripts and password reset scripts.
+     * The MatchUp method takes a bean type, an SQL query snippet (starting at the WHERE clause),
+     * SQL bindings, a pair of task arrays and a bean reference.
+     *
+     * If the first 3 parameters match a bean, the first task list will be considered,
+     * otherwise the second one will be considered. On consideration, each task list,
+     * an array of keys and values will be executed. Every key in the task list should
+     * correspond to a bean property while every value can either be an expression to
+     * be evaluated or a closure (PHP 5.3+). After applying the task list to the bean
+     * it will be stored. If no bean has been found, a new bean will be dispensed.
+     *
+     * This method will return TRUE if the bean was found and FALSE if not AND
+     * there was a NOT-FOUND task list. If no bean was found AND there was also
+     * no second task list, NULL will be returned.
+     *
+     * To obtain the bean, pass a variable as the sixth parameter.
+     * The function will put the matching bean in the specified variable.
+     *
+     * @param string   $type         type of bean you're looking for
+     * @param string   $sql          SQL snippet (starting at the WHERE clause, omit WHERE-keyword)
+     * @param array    $bindings     array of parameter bindings for SQL snippet
+     * @param array    $onFoundDo    task list to be considered on finding the bean
+     * @param array    $onNotFoundDo task list to be considered on NOT finding the bean
+     * @param OODBBean &$bean        reference to obtain the found bean
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function matchUp( $type, $sql, $bindings = array(), $onFoundDo = NULL, $onNotFoundDo = NULL, &$bean = NULL )
+    {
+        $finder = new Finder( $this->toolbox );
+        $oodb   = $this->toolbox->getRedBean();
+        $bean = $finder->findOne( $type, $sql, $bindings );
+        if ( $bean && $onFoundDo ) {
+            foreach( $onFoundDo as $property => $value ) {
+                if ( function_exists('is_callable') && is_callable( $value ) ) {
+                    $bean[$property] = call_user_func_array( $value, array( $bean ) );
+                } else {
+                    $bean[$property] = $value;
+                }
+            }
+            $oodb->store( $bean );
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+        if ( $onNotFoundDo ) {
+            $bean = $oodb->dispense( $type );
+            foreach( $onNotFoundDo as $property => $value ) {
+                if ( function_exists('is_callable') && is_callable( $value ) ) {
+                    $bean[$property] = call_user_func_array( $value, array( $bean ) );
+                } else {
+                    $bean[$property] = $value;
+                }
+            }
+            $oodb->store( $bean );
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        return NULL;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -16333,88 +16333,88 @@ 
  */
 class Look
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var Toolbox
-	 */
-	protected $toolbox;
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor.
-	 * The MatchUp class requires a toolbox
-	 *
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox
-	 */
-	public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
-	{
-		$this->toolbox = $toolbox;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Takes an full SQL query with optional bindings, a series of keys, a template
-	 * and optionally a filter function and glue and assembles a view from all this.
-	 * This is the fastest way from SQL to view. Typically this function is used to
-	 * generate pulldown (select tag) menus with options queried from the database.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 *
-	 * <code>
-	 * $htmlPulldown = R::look(
-	 *   'SELECT * FROM color WHERE value != ? ORDER BY value ASC',
-	 *   [ 'g' ],
-	 *   [ 'value', 'name' ],
-	 *   '<option value="%s">%s</option>',
-	 *   'strtoupper',
-	 *   "\n"
-	 * );
-	 *</code>
-	 *
-	 * The example above creates an HTML fragment like this:
-	 *
-	 * <option value="B">BLUE</option>
-	 * <option value="R">RED</option>
-	 *
-	 * to pick a color from a palette. The HTML fragment gets constructed by
-	 * an SQL query that selects all colors that do not have value 'g' - this
-	 * excludes green. Next, the bean properties 'value' and 'name' are mapped to the
-	 * HTML template string, note that the order here is important. The mapping and
-	 * the HTML template string follow vsprintf-rules. All property values are then
-	 * passed through the specified filter function 'strtoupper' which in this case
-	 * is a native PHP function to convert strings to uppercase characters only.
-	 * Finally the resulting HTML fragment strings are glued together using a
-	 * newline character specified in the last parameter for readability.
-	 *
-	 * In previous versions of RedBeanPHP you had to use:
-	 * R::getLook()->look() instead of R::look(). However to improve useability of the
-	 * library the look() function can now directly be invoked from the facade.
-	 *
-	 * @param string   $sql      query to execute
-	 * @param array    $bindings parameters to bind to slots mentioned in query or an empty array
-	 * @param array    $keys     names in result collection to map to template
-	 * @param string   $template HTML template to fill with values associated with keys, use printf notation (i.e. %s)
-	 * @param callable $filter   function to pass values through (for translation for instance)
-	 * @param string   $glue     optional glue to use when joining resulting strings
-	 *
-	 * @return string
-	 */
-	public function look( $sql, $bindings = array(), $keys = array( 'selected', 'id', 'name' ), $template = '<option %s value="%s">%s</option>', $filter = 'trim', $glue = '' )
-	{
-		$adapter = $this->toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
-		$lines = array();
-		$rows = $adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
-		foreach( $rows as $row ) {
-			$values = array();
-			foreach( $keys as $key ) {
-				if (!empty($filter)) {
-					$values[] = call_user_func_array( $filter, array( $row[$key] ) );
-				} else {
-					$values[] = $row[$key];
-				}
-			}
-			$lines[] = vsprintf( $template, $values );
-		}
-		$string = implode( $glue, $lines );
-		return $string;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var Toolbox
+     */
+    protected $toolbox;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     * The MatchUp class requires a toolbox
+     *
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox
+     */
+    public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
+    {
+        $this->toolbox = $toolbox;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Takes an full SQL query with optional bindings, a series of keys, a template
+     * and optionally a filter function and glue and assembles a view from all this.
+     * This is the fastest way from SQL to view. Typically this function is used to
+     * generate pulldown (select tag) menus with options queried from the database.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     * $htmlPulldown = R::look(
+     *   'SELECT * FROM color WHERE value != ? ORDER BY value ASC',
+     *   [ 'g' ],
+     *   [ 'value', 'name' ],
+     *   '<option value="%s">%s</option>',
+     *   'strtoupper',
+     *   "\n"
+     * );
+     *</code>
+     *
+     * The example above creates an HTML fragment like this:
+     *
+     * <option value="B">BLUE</option>
+     * <option value="R">RED</option>
+     *
+     * to pick a color from a palette. The HTML fragment gets constructed by
+     * an SQL query that selects all colors that do not have value 'g' - this
+     * excludes green. Next, the bean properties 'value' and 'name' are mapped to the
+     * HTML template string, note that the order here is important. The mapping and
+     * the HTML template string follow vsprintf-rules. All property values are then
+     * passed through the specified filter function 'strtoupper' which in this case
+     * is a native PHP function to convert strings to uppercase characters only.
+     * Finally the resulting HTML fragment strings are glued together using a
+     * newline character specified in the last parameter for readability.
+     *
+     * In previous versions of RedBeanPHP you had to use:
+     * R::getLook()->look() instead of R::look(). However to improve useability of the
+     * library the look() function can now directly be invoked from the facade.
+     *
+     * @param string   $sql      query to execute
+     * @param array    $bindings parameters to bind to slots mentioned in query or an empty array
+     * @param array    $keys     names in result collection to map to template
+     * @param string   $template HTML template to fill with values associated with keys, use printf notation (i.e. %s)
+     * @param callable $filter   function to pass values through (for translation for instance)
+     * @param string   $glue     optional glue to use when joining resulting strings
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function look( $sql, $bindings = array(), $keys = array( 'selected', 'id', 'name' ), $template = '<option %s value="%s">%s</option>', $filter = 'trim', $glue = '' )
+    {
+        $adapter = $this->toolbox->getDatabaseAdapter();
+        $lines = array();
+        $rows = $adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
+        foreach( $rows as $row ) {
+            $values = array();
+            foreach( $keys as $key ) {
+                if (!empty($filter)) {
+                    $values[] = call_user_func_array( $filter, array( $row[$key] ) );
+                } else {
+                    $values[] = $row[$key];
+                }
+            }
+            $lines[] = vsprintf( $template, $values );
+        }
+        $string = implode( $glue, $lines );
+        return $string;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -16442,86 +16442,86 @@ 
  */
 class Diff
 {
-	/**
-	 * @var Toolbox
-	 */
-	protected $toolbox;
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor.
-	 * The MatchUp class requires a toolbox
-	 *
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox
-	 */
-	public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
-	{
-		$this->toolbox = $toolbox;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Calculates a diff between two beans (or arrays of beans).
-	 * The result of this method is an array describing the differences of the second bean compared to
-	 * the first, where the first bean is taken as reference. The array is keyed by type/property, id and property name, where
-	 * type/property is either the type (in case of the root bean) or the property of the parent bean where the type resides.
-	 * The diffs are mainly intended for logging, you cannot apply these diffs as patches to other beans.
-	 * However this functionality might be added in the future.
-	 *
-	 * The keys of the array can be formatted using the $format parameter.
-	 * A key will be composed of a path (1st), id (2nd) and property (3rd).
-	 * Using printf-style notation you can determine the exact format of the key.
-	 * The default format will look like:
-	 *
-	 * 'book.1.title' => array( <OLDVALUE>, <NEWVALUE> )
-	 *
-	 * If you only want a simple diff of one bean and you don't care about ids,
-	 * you might pass a format like: '%1$s.%3$s' which gives:
-	 *
-	 * 'book.1.title' => array( <OLDVALUE>, <NEWVALUE> )
-	 *
-	 * The filter parameter can be used to set filters, it should be an array
-	 * of property names that have to be skipped. By default this array is filled with
-	 * two strings: 'created' and 'modified'.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean|array $beans   reference beans
-	 * @param OODBBean|array $others  beans to compare
-	 * @param array          $filters names of properties of all beans to skip
-	 * @param string         $format  the format of the key, defaults to '%s.%s.%s'
-	 * @param string         $type    type/property of bean to use for key generation
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function diff( $beans, $others, $filters = array( 'created', 'modified' ), $format = '%s.%s.%s', $type = NULL )
-	{
-		$diff = array();
-		if ( !is_array( $beans ) ) $beans = array( $beans );
-		if ( !is_array( $others ) ) $others = array( $others );
-		foreach( $beans as $bean ) {
-			if ( !is_object( $bean ) ) continue;
-			if ( !( $bean instanceof OODBBean ) ) continue;
-			if ( $type == NULL ) $type = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
-			foreach( $others as $other ) {
-				if ( !is_object( $other ) ) continue;
-				if ( !( $other instanceof OODBBean ) ) continue;
-				if ( $other->id == $bean->id ) {
-					foreach( $bean as $property => $value ) {
-						if ( in_array( $property, $filters ) ) continue;
-						$key = vsprintf( $format, array( $type, $bean->id, $property ) );
-						$compare = $other->{$property};
-						if ( !is_object( $value ) && !is_array( $value ) ) {
-							if ( $value != $compare ) {
-								$diff[$key] = array( $value, $compare );
-							}
-							continue;
-						} else {
-							$diff = array_merge( $diff, $this->diff( $value, $compare, $filters, $format, $key ) );
-							continue;
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		return $diff;
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var Toolbox
+     */
+    protected $toolbox;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     * The MatchUp class requires a toolbox
+     *
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox
+     */
+    public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
+    {
+        $this->toolbox = $toolbox;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates a diff between two beans (or arrays of beans).
+     * The result of this method is an array describing the differences of the second bean compared to
+     * the first, where the first bean is taken as reference. The array is keyed by type/property, id and property name, where
+     * type/property is either the type (in case of the root bean) or the property of the parent bean where the type resides.
+     * The diffs are mainly intended for logging, you cannot apply these diffs as patches to other beans.
+     * However this functionality might be added in the future.
+     *
+     * The keys of the array can be formatted using the $format parameter.
+     * A key will be composed of a path (1st), id (2nd) and property (3rd).
+     * Using printf-style notation you can determine the exact format of the key.
+     * The default format will look like:
+     *
+     * 'book.1.title' => array( <OLDVALUE>, <NEWVALUE> )
+     *
+     * If you only want a simple diff of one bean and you don't care about ids,
+     * you might pass a format like: '%1$s.%3$s' which gives:
+     *
+     * 'book.1.title' => array( <OLDVALUE>, <NEWVALUE> )
+     *
+     * The filter parameter can be used to set filters, it should be an array
+     * of property names that have to be skipped. By default this array is filled with
+     * two strings: 'created' and 'modified'.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean|array $beans   reference beans
+     * @param OODBBean|array $others  beans to compare
+     * @param array          $filters names of properties of all beans to skip
+     * @param string         $format  the format of the key, defaults to '%s.%s.%s'
+     * @param string         $type    type/property of bean to use for key generation
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function diff( $beans, $others, $filters = array( 'created', 'modified' ), $format = '%s.%s.%s', $type = NULL )
+    {
+        $diff = array();
+        if ( !is_array( $beans ) ) $beans = array( $beans );
+        if ( !is_array( $others ) ) $others = array( $others );
+        foreach( $beans as $bean ) {
+            if ( !is_object( $bean ) ) continue;
+            if ( !( $bean instanceof OODBBean ) ) continue;
+            if ( $type == NULL ) $type = $bean->getMeta( 'type' );
+            foreach( $others as $other ) {
+                if ( !is_object( $other ) ) continue;
+                if ( !( $other instanceof OODBBean ) ) continue;
+                if ( $other->id == $bean->id ) {
+                    foreach( $bean as $property => $value ) {
+                        if ( in_array( $property, $filters ) ) continue;
+                        $key = vsprintf( $format, array( $type, $bean->id, $property ) );
+                        $compare = $other->{$property};
+                        if ( !is_object( $value ) && !is_array( $value ) ) {
+                            if ( $value != $compare ) {
+                                $diff[$key] = array( $value, $compare );
+                            }
+                            continue;
+                        } else {
+                            $diff = array_merge( $diff, $this->diff( $value, $compare, $filters, $format, $key ) );
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return $diff;
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -16549,79 +16549,79 @@ 
  */
 class Tree {
 
-	/**
-	 * @var ToolBox
-	 */
-	protected $toolbox;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var QueryWriter
-	 */
-	protected $writer;
-
-	/**
-	 * @var OODB
-	 */
-	protected $oodb;
-
-	/**
-	 * Constructor, creates a new instance of
-	 * the Tree.
-	 *
-	 * @param ToolBox $toolbox toolbox
-	 */
-	public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
-	{
-		$this->toolbox = $toolbox;
-		$this->writer  = $toolbox->getWriter();
-		$this->oodb    = $toolbox->getRedBean();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns all child beans associates with the specified
-	 * bean in a tree structure.
-	 *
-	 * @note this only works for databases that support
-	 * recusrive common table expressions.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean     reference bean to find children of
-	 * @param string   $sql      optional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array    $bindings optional parameter bindings for SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function children( OODBBean $bean, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$type = $bean->getMeta('type');
-		$id   = $bean->id;
-
-		$rows = $this->writer->queryRecursiveCommonTableExpression( $type, $id, FALSE, $sql, $bindings );
-
-		return $this->oodb->convertToBeans( $type, $rows );
-	}
+    /**
+     * @var ToolBox
+     */
+    protected $toolbox;
+
+    /**
+     * @var QueryWriter
+     */
+    protected $writer;
+
+    /**
+     * @var OODB
+     */
+    protected $oodb;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor, creates a new instance of
+     * the Tree.
+     *
+     * @param ToolBox $toolbox toolbox
+     */
+    public function __construct( ToolBox $toolbox )
+    {
+        $this->toolbox = $toolbox;
+        $this->writer  = $toolbox->getWriter();
+        $this->oodb    = $toolbox->getRedBean();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all child beans associates with the specified
+     * bean in a tree structure.
+     *
+     * @note this only works for databases that support
+     * recusrive common table expressions.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean     reference bean to find children of
+     * @param string   $sql      optional SQL snippet
+     * @param array    $bindings optional parameter bindings for SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function children( OODBBean $bean, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $type = $bean->getMeta('type');
+        $id   = $bean->id;
+
+        $rows = $this->writer->queryRecursiveCommonTableExpression( $type, $id, FALSE, $sql, $bindings );
+
+        return $this->oodb->convertToBeans( $type, $rows );
+    }
 	
-	/**
-	 * Returns all parent beans associates with the specified
-	 * bean in a tree structure.
-	 *
-	 * @note this only works for databases that support
-	 * recusrive common table expressions.
-	 *
-	 * @param OODBBean $bean     reference bean to find parents of
-	 * @param string   $sql      optional SQL snippet
-	 * @param array    $bindings optional parameter bindings for SQL snippet
-	 *
-	 * @return array
-	 */
-	public function parents( OODBBean $bean, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
-	{
-		$type = $bean->getMeta('type');
-		$id   = $bean->id;
-
-		$rows = $this->writer->queryRecursiveCommonTableExpression( $type, $id, TRUE, $sql, $bindings );
-
-		return $this->oodb->convertToBeans( $type, $rows );		
-	}	
+    /**
+     * Returns all parent beans associates with the specified
+     * bean in a tree structure.
+     *
+     * @note this only works for databases that support
+     * recusrive common table expressions.
+     *
+     * @param OODBBean $bean     reference bean to find parents of
+     * @param string   $sql      optional SQL snippet
+     * @param array    $bindings optional parameter bindings for SQL snippet
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function parents( OODBBean $bean, $sql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+    {
+        $type = $bean->getMeta('type');
+        $id   = $bean->id;
+
+        $rows = $this->writer->queryRecursiveCommonTableExpression( $type, $id, TRUE, $sql, $bindings );
+
+        return $this->oodb->convertToBeans( $type, $rows );		
+    }	
 }
 }
 
@@ -16646,40 +16646,40 @@ 
  */
 class Feature
 {
-	/**
-	 * Selects the feature set you want as specified by
-	 * the label.
-	 *
-	 * Usage:
-	 * R::useFeatureSet( 'novice/latest' );
-	 *
-	 * @param string $label label
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public static function feature( $label ) {
-		switch( $label ) {
-			case "novice/latest":
-				R::noNuke( TRUE );
-				R::setAutoResolve( TRUE );
-				break;
-			case "latest":
-				R::noNuke( FALSE );
-				R::setAutoResolve( TRUE );
-				break;
-			case "novice/5.3":
-				R::noNuke( TRUE );
-				R::setAutoResolve( TRUE );
-				break;
-			case "5.3":
-				R::noNuke( FALSE );
-				R::setAutoResolve( TRUE );
-				break;
-			default:
-				throw new \Exception("Unknown feature set label.");
-				break;
-		}
-	}
+    /**
+     * Selects the feature set you want as specified by
+     * the label.
+     *
+     * Usage:
+     * R::useFeatureSet( 'novice/latest' );
+     *
+     * @param string $label label
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function feature( $label ) {
+        switch( $label ) {
+            case "novice/latest":
+                R::noNuke( TRUE );
+                R::setAutoResolve( TRUE );
+                break;
+            case "latest":
+                R::noNuke( FALSE );
+                R::setAutoResolve( TRUE );
+                break;
+            case "novice/5.3":
+                R::noNuke( TRUE );
+                R::setAutoResolve( TRUE );
+                break;
+            case "5.3":
+                R::noNuke( FALSE );
+                R::setAutoResolve( TRUE );
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new \Exception("Unknown feature set label.");
+                break;
+        }
+    }
 }
 }
 
@@ -16714,7 +16714,7 @@ 
 class RedBean_SimpleModel extends \RedBeanPHP\SimpleModel {};
 
 if (!class_exists('R')) {
-	class R extends \RedBeanPHP\Facade{};
+    class R extends \RedBeanPHP\Facade{};
 }
 
 
@@ -16751,10 +16751,10 @@ 
  */
 if (!function_exists('EID')) {
 
-	function EID($enumName)
-	{
-		return \RedBeanPHP\Facade::enum( $enumName )->id;
-	}
+    function EID($enumName)
+    {
+        return \RedBeanPHP\Facade::enum( $enumName )->id;
+    }
 
 }
 
@@ -16768,10 +16768,10 @@ 
  */
 if ( !function_exists( 'dmp' ) ) {
 
-	function dmp( $list )
-	{
-		print_r( \RedBeanPHP\Facade::dump( $list ) );
-	}
+    function dmp( $list )
+    {
+        print_r( \RedBeanPHP\Facade::dump( $list ) );
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -16779,10 +16779,10 @@ 
  */
 if ( !function_exists( 'genslots' ) ) {
 
-	function genslots( $slots, $tpl = NULL )
-	{
-		return \RedBeanPHP\Facade::genSlots( $slots, $tpl );
-	}
+    function genslots( $slots, $tpl = NULL )
+    {
+        return \RedBeanPHP\Facade::genSlots( $slots, $tpl );
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -16790,10 +16790,10 @@ 
  */
 if ( !function_exists( 'array_flatten' ) ) {
 
-	function array_flatten( $array )
-	{
-		return \RedBeanPHP\Facade::flat( $array );
-	}
+    function array_flatten( $array )
+    {
+        return \RedBeanPHP\Facade::flat( $array );
+    }
 }