Complex classes like Symphony often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Symphony, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php  | 
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| 14 | abstract class Symphony implements Singleton  | 
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| 15 |     { | 
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| 16 | /**  | 
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| 17 | * An instance of the Cookies class  | 
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| 18 | *  | 
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| 19 | * @var Cookies  | 
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| 20 | */  | 
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| 21 | public static $Cookies = null;  | 
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| 22 | /**  | 
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| 23 | * An instance of the Session class  | 
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| 24 | *  | 
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| 25 | * @var Session  | 
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| 26 | */  | 
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| 27 | public static $Session = null;  | 
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| 28 | /**  | 
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| 29 | * An instance of the SessionFlash class  | 
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| 30 | *  | 
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| 31 | * @var Session  | 
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| 32 | */  | 
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| 33 | public static $Flash = null;  | 
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| 34 | /**  | 
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| 35 | * An instance of the currently logged in Author  | 
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| 36 | *  | 
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| 37 | * @var Author  | 
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| 38 | */  | 
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| 39 | public static $Author = null;  | 
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| 40 | /**  | 
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| 41 | * An instance of the Symphony class, either `Administration` or `Frontend`.  | 
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| 42 | *  | 
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| 43 | * @var Symphony  | 
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| 44 | */  | 
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| 45 | protected static $_instance = null;  | 
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| 46 | /**  | 
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| 47 | * An instance of the Profiler class  | 
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| 48 | *  | 
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| 49 | * @var Profiler  | 
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| 50 | */  | 
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| 51 | protected static $Profiler = null;  | 
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| 52 | /**  | 
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| 53 | * An instance of the `Configuration` class  | 
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| 54 | *  | 
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| 55 | * @var Configuration  | 
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| 56 | */  | 
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| 57 | private static $Configuration = null;  | 
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| 58 | /**  | 
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| 59 | * An instance of the `Database` class  | 
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| 60 | *  | 
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| 61 | * @var MySQL  | 
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| 62 | */  | 
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| 63 | private static $Database = null;  | 
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| 64 | /**  | 
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| 65 | * An instance of the `ExtensionManager` class  | 
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| 66 | *  | 
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| 67 | * @var ExtensionManager  | 
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| 68 | */  | 
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| 69 | private static $ExtensionManager = null;  | 
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| 70 | /**  | 
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| 71 | * An instance of the `Log` class  | 
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| 72 | *  | 
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| 73 | * @var Log  | 
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| 74 | */  | 
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| 75 | private static $Log = null;  | 
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| 76 | /**  | 
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| 77 | * The current page namespace, used for translations  | 
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| 78 | *  | 
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| 79 | * @since Symphony 2.3  | 
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| 80 | * @var string  | 
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| 81 | */  | 
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| 82 | private static $namespace = false;  | 
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| 83 | /**  | 
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| 84 | * A previous exception that has been fired. Defaults to null.  | 
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| 85 | *  | 
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| 86 | * @since Symphony 2.3.2  | 
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| 87 | * @var Exception  | 
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| 88 | */  | 
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| 89 | private static $exception = null;  | 
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| 90 | /**  | 
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| 91 | * The version of the available Symphony upgrade, if available.  | 
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| 92 | * @var string  | 
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| 93 | */  | 
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| 94 | private static $migrationVersion = null;  | 
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| 95 | |||
| 96 | /**  | 
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| 97 | * The Symphony constructor initialises the class variables of Symphony. At present  | 
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| 98 | * constructor has a couple of responsibilities:  | 
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| 99 | * - Start a profiler instance  | 
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| 100 | * - If magic quotes are enabled, clean `$_SERVER`, `$_COOKIE`, `$_GET` and `$_POST` arrays  | 
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| 101 | * - Initialise the correct Language for the currently logged in Author.  | 
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| 102 | * - Start the session and adjust the error handling if the user is logged in  | 
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| 103 | */  | 
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| 104 | protected function __construct()  | 
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| 132 | |||
| 133 | /**  | 
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| 134 | * Setter for `$Log`. This function uses the configuration  | 
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| 135 | * settings in the 'log' group in the Configuration to create an instance. Date  | 
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| 136 | * formatting options are also retrieved from the configuration.  | 
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| 137 | *  | 
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| 138 | * @param string $filename (optional)  | 
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| 139 | * The file to write the log to, if omitted this will default to `ACTIVITY_LOG`  | 
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| 140 | * @throws Exception  | 
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| 141 | * @return bool|void  | 
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| 142 | */  | 
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| 143 | public static function initialiseLog($filename = null)  | 
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| 187 | |||
| 188 | /**  | 
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| 189 | * Accessor for the current `Configuration` instance. This contains  | 
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| 190 | * representation of the the Symphony config file.  | 
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| 191 | *  | 
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| 192 | * @return Configuration  | 
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| 193 | */  | 
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| 194 | public static function Configuration()  | 
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| 198 | |||
| 199 | /**  | 
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| 200 | * Accessor for the current `Log` instance  | 
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| 201 | *  | 
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| 202 | * @since Symphony 2.3  | 
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| 203 | * @return Log  | 
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| 204 | */  | 
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| 205 | public static function Log()  | 
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| 209 | |||
| 210 | /**  | 
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| 211 | * This will initialise the Database class and attempt to create a connection  | 
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| 212 | * using the connection details provided in the Symphony configuration. If any  | 
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| 213 | * errors occur whilst doing so, a Symphony Error Page is displayed.  | 
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| 214 | *  | 
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| 215 | * @throws SymphonyErrorPage  | 
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| 216 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 217 | * This function will return true if the `$Database` was  | 
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| 218 | * initialised successfully.  | 
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| 219 | */  | 
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| 220 | public static function initialiseDatabase()  | 
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| 269 | |||
| 270 | /**  | 
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| 271 | * Setter for `$Database`, accepts a Database object. If `$database`  | 
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| 272 | * is omitted, this function will set `$Database` to be of the `MySQL`  | 
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| 273 | * class.  | 
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| 274 | *  | 
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| 275 | * @since Symphony 2.3  | 
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| 276 | * @param stdClass $database (optional)  | 
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| 277 | * The class to handle all Database operations, if omitted this function  | 
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| 278 | * will set `self::$Database` to be an instance of the `MySQL` class.  | 
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| 279 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 280 | * This function will always return true  | 
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| 281 | */  | 
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| 282 | public static function setDatabase(stdClass $database = null)  | 
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| 292 | |||
| 293 | /**  | 
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| 294 | * Accessor for the current `$Database` instance.  | 
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| 295 | *  | 
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| 296 | * @return MySQL  | 
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| 297 | */  | 
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| 298 | public static function Database()  | 
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| 302 | |||
| 303 | /**  | 
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| 304 | * A wrapper for throwing a new Symphony Error page.  | 
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| 305 | *  | 
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| 306 | * This methods sets the `GenericExceptionHandler::$enabled` value to `true`.  | 
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| 307 | *  | 
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| 308 | * @see core.SymphonyErrorPage  | 
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| 309 | * @param string|XMLElement $message  | 
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| 310 | * A description for this error, which can be provided as a string  | 
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| 311 | * or as an XMLElement.  | 
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| 312 | * @param string $heading  | 
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| 313 | * A heading for the error page  | 
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| 314 | * @param integer $status  | 
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| 315 | * Properly sets the HTTP status code for the response. Defaults to  | 
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| 316 | * `Page::HTTP_STATUS_ERROR`. Use `Page::HTTP_STATUS_XXX` to set this value.  | 
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| 317 | * @param string $template  | 
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| 318 | * A string for the error page template to use, defaults to 'generic'. This  | 
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| 319 | * can be the name of any template file in the `TEMPLATES` directory.  | 
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| 320 | * A template using the naming convention of `tpl.*.php`.  | 
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| 321 | * @param array $additional  | 
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| 322 | * Allows custom information to be passed to the Symphony Error Page  | 
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| 323 | * that the template may want to expose, such as custom Headers etc.  | 
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| 324 | * @throws SymphonyErrorPage  | 
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| 325 | */  | 
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| 326 | public static function throwCustomError(  | 
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| 336 | |||
| 337 | /**  | 
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| 338 | * Setter for `$ExtensionManager` using the current  | 
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| 339 | * Symphony instance as the parent. If for some reason this fails,  | 
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| 340 | * a Symphony Error page will be thrown  | 
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| 341 | *  | 
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| 342 | * @param boolean $force (optional)  | 
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| 343 | * When set to true, this function will always create a new  | 
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| 344 | * instance of ExtensionManager, replacing self::$ExtensionManager.  | 
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| 345 | * @return void  | 
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| 346 | */  | 
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| 347 | public static function initialiseExtensionManager($force = false)  | 
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| 359 | |||
| 360 | /**  | 
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| 361 | * Setter for `$Session`. This will use PHP's parse_url  | 
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| 362 | * function on the current URL to set a session using the `session_name`  | 
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| 363 | * defined in the Symphony configuration. The is either admin or public.  | 
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| 364 | * The session will last for the time defined in configuration.  | 
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| 365 | *  | 
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| 366 | * @since Symphony 3.0.0  | 
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| 367 | */  | 
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| 368 | public function initialiseSessionAndCookies()  | 
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| 421 | |||
| 422 | /**  | 
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| 423 | * Gets the configuerd session timeout as seconds, based on the environment instance  | 
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| 424 | *  | 
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| 425 | * @return int  | 
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| 426 | * The seconds  | 
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| 427 | */  | 
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| 428 | private function getSessionTimeout()  | 
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| 444 | |||
| 445 | /**  | 
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| 446 | * Accessor for the current `$Session` instance.  | 
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| 447 | *  | 
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| 448 | * @since 3.0.0  | 
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| 449 | * @return Session  | 
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| 450 | */  | 
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| 451 | public static function Session()  | 
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| 455 | |||
| 456 | /**  | 
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| 457 | * Accessor for the current `$Cookies` instance.  | 
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| 458 | *  | 
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| 459 | * @since 2.0.0  | 
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| 460 | * @return Cookies  | 
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| 461 | */  | 
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| 462 | public static function Cookies()  | 
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| 466 | |||
| 467 | /**  | 
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| 468 | * This function determines whether an there is a currently logged in  | 
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| 469 | * Author for Symphony by using the `$Session`'s username  | 
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| 470 | * and password. If an Author is found, they will be logged in, otherwise  | 
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| 471 | * the `$Session` will be destroyed.  | 
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| 472 | *  | 
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| 473 | * @see login()  | 
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| 474 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 475 | */  | 
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| 476 | public static function isLoggedIn()  | 
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| 486 | |||
| 487 | /**  | 
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| 488 | * Attempts to log an Author in given a username and password.  | 
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| 489 | * If the password is not hashed, it will be hashed using the sha1  | 
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| 490 | * algorithm. The username and password will be sanitized before  | 
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| 491 | * being used to query the Database. If an Author is found, they  | 
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| 492 | * will be logged in and the sanitized username and password (also hashed)  | 
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| 493 | * will be saved as values in the `$Session`.  | 
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| 494 | *  | 
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| 495 | * @see toolkit.Cryptography#hash()  | 
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| 496 | * @throws DatabaseException  | 
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| 497 | * @param string $username  | 
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| 498 | * The Author's username. This will be sanitized before use.  | 
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| 499 | * @param string $password  | 
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| 500 | * The Author's password. This will be sanitized and then hashed before use  | 
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| 501 | * @param boolean $isHash  | 
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| 502 | * If the password provided is already hashed, setting this parameter to  | 
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| 503 | * true will stop it becoming rehashed. By default it is false.  | 
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| 504 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 505 | * True if the Author was logged in, false otherwise  | 
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| 506 | */  | 
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| 507 | public static function login($username, $password, $isHash = false)  | 
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| 552 | |||
| 553 | /**  | 
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| 554 | * Checks if an update is available and applicable for the current installation.  | 
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| 555 | *  | 
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| 556 | * @since Symphony 2.3.1  | 
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| 557 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 558 | */  | 
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| 559 | public static function isUpgradeAvailable()  | 
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| 570 | |||
| 571 | /**  | 
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| 572 | * Checks if the installer/upgrader is available.  | 
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| 573 | *  | 
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| 574 | * @since Symphony 2.3.1  | 
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| 575 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 576 | */  | 
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| 577 | public static function isInstallerAvailable()  | 
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| 581 | |||
| 582 | /**  | 
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| 583 | * Returns the most recent version found in the `/install/migrations` folder.  | 
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| 584 | * Returns a version string to be used in `version_compare()` if an updater  | 
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| 585 | * has been found. Returns `FALSE` otherwise.  | 
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| 586 | *  | 
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| 587 | * @since Symphony 2.3.1  | 
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| 588 | * @return string|boolean  | 
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| 589 | */  | 
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| 590 | public static function getMigrationVersion()  | 
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| 606 | |||
| 607 | /**  | 
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| 608 | * Setter for the Symphony Log and Error Handling system  | 
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| 609 | *  | 
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| 610 | * @since Symphony 2.6.0  | 
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| 611 | */  | 
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| 612 | public static function initialiseErrorHandler()  | 
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| 619 | |||
| 620 | /**  | 
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| 621 | * Accessor for the Symphony instance, whether it be Frontend  | 
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| 622 | * or Administration  | 
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| 623 | *  | 
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| 624 | * @since Symphony 2.2  | 
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| 625 | * @throws Exception  | 
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| 626 | * @return Symphony  | 
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| 627 | */  | 
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| 628 | public static function Engine()  | 
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| 638 | |||
| 639 | /**  | 
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| 640 | * Setter for `$Configuration`. This function initialise the configuration  | 
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| 641 | * object and populate its properties based on the given `$array`. Since  | 
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| 642 | * Symphony 2.6.5, it will also set Symphony's date constants.  | 
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| 643 | *  | 
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| 644 | * @since Symphony 2.3  | 
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| 645 | * @param array $data  | 
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| 646 | * An array of settings to be stored into the Configuration object  | 
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| 647 | */  | 
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| 648 | public static function initialiseConfiguration(array $data = array())  | 
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| 668 | |||
| 669 | /**  | 
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| 670 | * Is XSRF enabled for this Symphony install?  | 
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| 671 | *  | 
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| 672 | * @since Symphony 2.4  | 
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| 673 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 674 | */  | 
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| 675 | public static function isXSRFEnabled()  | 
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| 679 | |||
| 680 | /**  | 
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| 681 | * Accessor for the current `Profiler` instance.  | 
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| 682 | *  | 
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| 683 | * @since Symphony 2.3  | 
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| 684 | * @return Profiler  | 
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| 685 | */  | 
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| 686 | public static function Profiler()  | 
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| 690 | |||
| 691 | /**  | 
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| 692 | * Accessor for the current `$Flash` instance.  | 
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| 693 | *  | 
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| 694 | * @since 3.0.0  | 
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| 695 | * @return SessionFlash  | 
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| 696 | */  | 
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| 697 | public static function Flash()  | 
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| 701 | |||
| 702 | /**  | 
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| 703 | * Accessor for the current `$ExtensionManager` instance.  | 
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| 704 | *  | 
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| 705 | * @since Symphony 2.2  | 
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| 706 | * @return ExtensionManager  | 
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| 707 | */  | 
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| 708 | public static function ExtensionManager()  | 
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| 712 | |||
| 713 | /**  | 
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| 714 | * Accessor for the current `$Author` instance.  | 
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| 715 | *  | 
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| 716 | * @since Symphony 2.5.0  | 
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| 717 | * @return Author  | 
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| 718 | */  | 
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| 719 | public static function Author()  | 
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| 723 | |||
| 724 | /**  | 
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| 725 | * Symphony allows Authors to login via the use of tokens instead of  | 
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| 726 | * a username and password. A token is derived from concatenating the  | 
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| 727 | * Author's username and password and applying the sha1 hash to  | 
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| 728 | * it, from this, a portion of the hash is used as the token. This is a useful  | 
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| 729 | * feature often used when setting up other Authors accounts or if an  | 
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| 730 | * Author forgets their password.  | 
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| 731 | *  | 
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| 732 | * @param string $token  | 
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| 733 | * The Author token, which is a portion of the hashed string concatenation  | 
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| 734 | * of the Author's username and password  | 
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| 735 | * @throws DatabaseException  | 
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| 736 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 737 | * True if the Author is logged in, false otherwise  | 
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| 738 | */  | 
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| 739 | public static function loginFromToken($token)  | 
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| 790 | |||
| 791 | /**  | 
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| 792 | * This function will destroy the currently logged in `$Author`  | 
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| 793 | * session, essentially logging them out.  | 
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| 794 | *  | 
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| 795 | * @see core.Session#expire()  | 
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| 796 | */  | 
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| 797 | public static function logout()  | 
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| 801 | |||
| 802 | /**  | 
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| 803 | * Accessor for `self::$exception`.  | 
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| 804 | *  | 
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| 805 | * @since Symphony 2.3.2  | 
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| 806 | * @return Exception|null  | 
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| 807 | */  | 
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| 808 | public static function getException()  | 
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| 812 | |||
| 813 | /**  | 
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| 814 | * Setter accepts a previous Exception. Useful for determining the context  | 
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| 815 | * of a current exception (ie. detecting recursion).  | 
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| 816 | *  | 
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| 817 | * @since Symphony 2.3.2  | 
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| 818 | * @param Exception $ex  | 
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| 819 | */  | 
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| 820 | public static function setException(Exception $ex)  | 
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| 824 | |||
| 825 | /**  | 
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| 826 | * Returns the page namespace based on the current URL.  | 
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| 827 | * A few examples:  | 
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| 828 | *  | 
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| 829 | * /login  | 
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| 830 | * /publish  | 
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| 831 | * /blueprints/datasources  | 
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| 832 | * [...]  | 
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| 833 | * /extension/$extension_name/$page_name  | 
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| 834 | *  | 
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| 835 | * This method is especially useful in couple with the translation function.  | 
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| 836 | *  | 
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| 837 | * @see toolkit#__()  | 
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| 838 | * @return string  | 
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| 839 | * The page namespace, without any action string (e.g. "new", "saved") or  | 
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| 840 | * any value that depends upon the single setup (e.g. the section handle in  | 
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| 841 | * /publish/$handle)  | 
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| 842 | */  | 
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| 843 | public static function getPageNamespace()  | 
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| 873 | }  | 
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| 874 | 
Instead of super-globals, we recommend to explicitly inject the dependencies of your class. This makes your code less dependent on global state and it becomes generally more testable: