| 1 |  |  | <?php | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 2 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 3 |  |  | namespace Soupmix; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 4 |  |  | /* | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 5 |  |  | SQL Adapter | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 6 |  |  | */ | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 7 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 8 |  |  | use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 9 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 10 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 11 |  |  | class SQL implements Base | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 12 |  |  | { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 13 |  |  |     protected $doctrine = null; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 14 |  |  |     protected $dbName = null; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 15 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 16 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 17 | 3 |  |     public function __construct($config, Connection $client) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 18 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 19 | 3 |  |         $this->doctrine = $client; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 20 | 3 |  |         $this->dbName = $config['db_name']; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 21 | 3 |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 22 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 23 | 2 |  |     public function getConnection() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 24 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 25 | 2 |  |         return $this->doctrine; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 26 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 27 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 28 | 3 |  |     public function create($collection, $fields) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 29 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 30 | 3 |  |         $schemaManager = $this->doctrine->getSchemaManager(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 31 | 3 |  |         $table = new SQLTable($schemaManager, $collection, $fields); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 32 | 3 |  |         return $table->createTable(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 33 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 34 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 35 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 36 | 3 |  |     public function drop($collection) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 37 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 38 | 3 |  |         $schemaManager = $this->doctrine->getSchemaManager(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 39 | 3 |  |         if ($schemaManager->tablesExist([$collection])) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 40 | 3 |  |             return $schemaManager->dropTable($collection); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 41 |  |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 42 | 1 |  |         return null; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 43 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 44 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 45 |  |  |     public function truncate($collection) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 46 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 47 |  |  |         return $this->client->doctrine->query('TRUNCATE TABLE `' . $collection . '`'); | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
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                | 48 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 49 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 50 |  |  |     public function createIndexes($collection, $fields) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 51 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 52 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 53 |  |  |         $schemaManager = $this->doctrine->getSchemaManager(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 54 |  |  |         $table = new SQLTable($schemaManager, $collection, $fields); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 55 |  |  |         return $table->createIndexes(); | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
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                | 56 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 57 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 58 | 3 |  |     public function insert($collection, $values) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 59 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 60 | 3 |  |         $insertion = $this->doctrine->insert($collection, $values); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 61 | 3 |  |         if($insertion !== 0) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 62 | 3 |  |             return $this->doctrine->lastInsertId(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 63 |  |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 64 |  |  |         return null; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 65 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 66 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 67 |  |  |     public function update($collection, $filter, $values) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 68 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 69 |  |  |         return $this->doctrine->update($collection, $values, $filter); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 70 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 71 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 72 | 2 |  |     public function delete($collection, $filter) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 73 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 74 | 2 |  |         $numberOfDeletedItems = $this->doctrine->delete($collection, $filter); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 75 | 2 |  |         if ($numberOfDeletedItems>0) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 76 | 2 |  |             return 1; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 77 |  |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 78 |  |  |         return 0; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 79 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
                | 80 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 81 | 1 |  |     public function get($collection, $docId) | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 82 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 83 | 1 |  |         return $this->doctrine->fetchAssoc('SELECT * FROM ' . $collection . ' WHERE id = ?', array($docId)); | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 84 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 85 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 86 | 1 |  |     public function find($collection, $filters, $fields = null, $sort = null, $offset = 0, $limit = 25, $debug = false) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 87 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 88 | 1 |  |         $query = $this->query($collection); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 89 | 1 |  |         foreach ($filters as $filter => $value) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 90 | 1 |  |             if (is_array($value)) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 91 | 1 |  |                 $query->orFilters($value); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 92 | 1 |  |             } else { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 93 | 1 |  |                 $query->andFilter($filter, $value); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 94 |  |  |             } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 95 | 1 |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 96 | 1 |  |         return $query->returnFields($fields) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 97 | 1 |  |             ->sortFields($sort) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 98 | 1 |  |             ->offset($offset) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 99 | 1 |  |             ->limit($limit) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 100 | 1 |  |             ->run(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 101 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 102 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 103 | 2 |  |     public function buildQuery($collection, $filters) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 104 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 105 | 2 |  |         $queryBuilder = $this->doctrine->createQueryBuilder(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 106 | 2 |  |         $queryBuilder->from($collection); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 107 | 2 |  |         if ($filters === null) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 108 |  |  |             return $queryBuilder; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 109 |  |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 110 | 2 |  |         return $this->buildQueryFilters($queryBuilder, $filters); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 111 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 112 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 113 | 2 |  |     protected function buildQueryFilters($queryBuilder, $filters) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 114 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 115 | 2 |  |         foreach ($filters as $key => $value) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 116 | 2 |  |             if (strpos($key, '__') === false && is_array($value)) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 117 | 2 |  |                 $queryBuilder = $this->buildQueryForOr($queryBuilder, $value); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 118 | 2 |  |                 continue; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 119 |  |  |             } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 120 | 2 |  |             $queryBuilder = $this->buildQueryForAnd($queryBuilder, $key, $value); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 121 | 2 |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 122 | 2 |  |         return $queryBuilder; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 123 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 124 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 125 | 2 |  |     protected function buildQueryForAnd($queryBuilder, $key, $value) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 126 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 127 | 2 |  |         $sqlOptions = self::buildFilter([$key => $value]); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
                | 128 | 2 | View Code Duplication |         if (in_array($sqlOptions['method'], ['in', 'notIn'])) { | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
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                | 129 |  |  |             $queryBuilder->andWhere( | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 130 |  |  |                 $queryBuilder->expr()->{$sqlOptions['method']}( $sqlOptions['key'], $sqlOptions['value']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 131 |  |  |             ); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 132 |  |  |             return $queryBuilder; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 133 |  |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 134 | 2 |  |         $queryBuilder->andWhere( | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 135 | 2 |  |                 '`'.$sqlOptions['key'].'`' | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 136 | 2 |  |                 . ' ' . $sqlOptions['operand'] | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 137 | 2 |  |                 . ' ' . $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($sqlOptions['value']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 138 | 2 |  |             ); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 139 | 2 |  |         return $queryBuilder; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 140 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 141 | 2 |  |     protected function buildQueryForOr($queryBuilder, $value) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 142 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 143 | 2 |  |         $orQuery =[]; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 144 | 2 |  |         foreach ($value as $orValue) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 145 | 2 |  |             $subKey = array_keys($orValue)[0]; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 146 | 2 |  |             $subValue = $orValue[$subKey]; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 147 | 2 |  |             $sqlOptions = self::buildFilter([$subKey => $subValue]); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
                | 148 | 2 | View Code Duplication |             if (in_array($sqlOptions['method'], ['in', 'notIn'])) { | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 149 | 1 |  |                 $orQuery[] =  $queryBuilder->expr()->{$sqlOptions['method']}( $sqlOptions['key'], $sqlOptions['value']); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 150 | 1 |  |                 continue; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 151 |  |  |             } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 152 | 2 |  |             $orQuery[] = | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 153 | 2 |  |                 '`'.$sqlOptions['key'].'`' | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 154 | 2 |  |                 . ' ' . $sqlOptions['operand'] | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 155 | 2 |  |                 . ' ' . $queryBuilder->createNamedParameter($sqlOptions['value']); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 156 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 157 | 2 |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 158 | 2 |  |         $queryBuilder->andWhere( | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 159 | 2 |  |             '(' . implode(' OR ', $orQuery) . ')' | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 160 | 2 |  |         ); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 161 | 2 |  |         return $queryBuilder; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 162 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 163 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 164 | 2 |  |     public function query($collection) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 165 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 166 | 2 |  |         return new SQLQueryBuilder($collection, $this); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 167 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 168 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 169 | 2 |  |     public static function buildFilter($filter) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 170 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 171 | 2 |  |         $key = array_keys($filter)[0]; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 172 | 2 |  |         $value = $filter[$key]; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 173 | 2 |  |         $operator = ' = '; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 174 | 2 |  |         $method = 'eq'; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 175 |  |  |         $options =[ | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 176 | 2 |  |             'gte'       => ['method' => 'gte', 'operand' => ' >= '], | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 177 | 2 |  |             'gt'        => ['method' => 'gt', 'operand' => ' > '], | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 178 | 2 |  |             'lte'       => ['method' => 'lte', 'operand' => ' <= '], | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 179 | 2 |  |             'lt'        => ['method' => 'lt', 'operand' => ' < '], | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 180 | 2 |  |             'in'        => ['method' => 'in', 'operand' => ' IN '], | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 181 | 2 |  |             '!in'       => ['method' => 'notIn', 'operand' => ' NOT IN '], | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 182 | 2 |  |             'not'       => ['method' => 'not', 'operand' => ' NOT '], | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 183 | 2 |  |             'wildcard'  => ['method' => 'like', 'operand' => ' LIKE '], | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 184 | 2 |  |             'prefix'    => ['method' => 'like', 'operand' => ' LIKE '], | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 185 | 2 |  |         ]; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 186 | 2 |  |         if (strpos($key, '__') !== false) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 187 | 2 |  |             preg_match('/__(.*?)$/i', $key, $matches); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 188 | 2 |  |             $key        = str_replace($matches[0], '', $key); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 189 | 2 |  |             $queryOperator   = $matches[1]; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 190 | 2 |  |             $method     = $options[$queryOperator]['method']; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 191 | 2 |  |             $operator   = $options[$queryOperator]['operand']; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 192 |  |  |             switch ($queryOperator) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 193 | 2 |  |                 case 'wildcard': | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 194 | 1 |  |                     $value = '%'.str_replace(array('?', '*'), array('_', '%'), $value).'%'; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 195 | 1 |  |                     break; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 196 | 2 |  |                 case 'prefix': | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 197 | 1 |  |                     $value = $value.'%'; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 198 | 1 |  |                     break; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 199 |  |  |             } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 200 | 2 |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 201 |  |  |         return [ | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 202 | 2 |  |             'key'       => $key, | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 203 | 2 |  |             'operand'   => $operator, | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 204 | 2 |  |             'method'    => $method, | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 205 |  |  |             'value'     => $value | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 206 | 2 |  |         ]; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 207 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 208 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
                | 209 |  |  | } | 
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
                | 210 |  |  |  | 
            
                        
In PHP it is possible to write to properties without declaring them. For example, the following is perfectly valid PHP code:
Generally, it is a good practice to explictly declare properties to avoid accidental typos and provide IDE auto-completion: