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                <?php  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                namespace SilverStripe\HybridSessions\Crypto;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * Some cryptography used for Session cookie encryption. Requires the mcrypt extension.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * @deprecated 2.2.0 The PHP mcrypt library is deprecated. Please use OpenSSLCrypto instead.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * WARNING: Please beware that McryptCrypto does not preserve zero bytes at the end of encrypted messages.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *          Thus, a message such as "data\x00" will become "data" after encrypt-decrypt.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *          As such, it is not binary safe.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *          It is guaranteed for UTF-8 encoded text not to have zero bytes. However, other encodings may contain those.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *          For example, be careful with UTF-16LE, since characters less than U+0100 are very common.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                class McryptCrypto implements CryptoHandler  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    protected $key;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    protected $ivSize;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    protected $keySize;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    protected $salt;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    protected $saltedKey;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return string  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function getKey()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $this->key;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return string  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function getSalt()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $this->salt;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param $key a per-site secret string which is used as the base encryption key.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param $salt a per-session random string which is used as a salt to generate a per-session key  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * The base encryption key needs to stay secret. If an attacker ever gets it, they can read their session,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * and even modify & re-sign it.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * The salt is a random per-session string that is used with the base encryption key to create a per-session key.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * This (amongst other things) makes sure an attacker can't use a known-plaintext attack to guess the key.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Normally we could create a salt on encryption, send it to the client as part of the session (it doesn't  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * need to remain secret), then use the returned salt to decrypt. But we already have the Session ID which makes  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * a great salt, so no need to generate & handle another one.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function __construct($key, $salt)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->ivSize = mcrypt_get_iv_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->keySize = mcrypt_get_key_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->key = $key;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->salt = $salt;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->saltedKey = hash_pbkdf2('sha256', $this->key, $this->salt, 1000, $this->keySize, true); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Encrypt and then sign some cleartext  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param $cleartext - The cleartext to encrypt and sign  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return string - The encrypted-and-signed message as base64 ASCII.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function encrypt($cleartext)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $iv = mcrypt_create_iv($this->ivSize, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $enc = mcrypt_encrypt(  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $this->saltedKey,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $cleartext,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            MCRYPT_MODE_CBC,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $iv  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $hash = hash_hmac('sha256', $enc, $this->saltedKey); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return base64_encode($iv . $hash . $enc);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Check the signature on an encrypted-and-signed message, and if valid  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * decrypt the content  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param $data - The encrypted-and-signed message as base64 ASCII  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return bool|string - The decrypted cleartext or false if signature failed  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function decrypt($data)  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $data = base64_decode($data);  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $iv   = substr($data, 0, $this->ivSize);  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $hash = substr($data, $this->ivSize, 64);  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $enc  = substr($data, $this->ivSize + 64);  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $cleartext = rtrim(mcrypt_decrypt(  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                            MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256,  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $this->saltedKey,  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $enc,  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                            MCRYPT_MODE_CBC,  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $iv  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        ), "\x00");  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        // Needs to be after decrypt so it always runs, to avoid timing attack  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $gen_hash = hash_hmac('sha256', $enc, $this->saltedKey); | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        if ($gen_hash == $hash) { | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                            return $cleartext;  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return false;  | 
            
                            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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If you return a value from a function or method, it should be a sub-type of the type that is given by the parent type f.e. an interface, or abstract method. This is more formally defined by the Lizkov substitution principle, and guarantees that classes that depend on the parent type can use any instance of a child type interchangably. This principle also belongs to the SOLID principles for object oriented design.
Let’s take a look at an example:
Our function
my_functionexpects aPostobject, and outputs the author of the post. The base classPostreturns a simple string and outputting a simple string will work just fine. However, the child classBlogPostwhich is a sub-type ofPostinstead decided to return anobject, and is therefore violating the SOLID principles. If aBlogPostwere passed tomy_function, PHP would not complain, but ultimately fail when executing thestrtouppercall in its body.