Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like Comment often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Comment, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php  | 
            ||
| 23 | class Comment extends DataObject { | 
            ||
| 24 | |||
| 25 | /**  | 
            ||
| 26 | * @var array  | 
            ||
| 27 | */  | 
            ||
| 28 | private static $db = array(  | 
            ||
| 
                                                                                                    
                        
                         | 
                |||
| 29 | 'Name' => 'Varchar(200)',  | 
            ||
| 30 | 'Comment' => 'Text',  | 
            ||
| 31 | 'Email' => 'Varchar(200)',  | 
            ||
| 32 | 'URL' => 'Varchar(255)',  | 
            ||
| 33 | 'BaseClass' => 'Varchar(200)',  | 
            ||
| 34 | 'Moderated' => 'Boolean(0)',  | 
            ||
| 35 | 'IsSpam' => 'Boolean(0)',  | 
            ||
| 36 | 'ParentID' => 'Int',  | 
            ||
| 37 | 'AllowHtml' => 'Boolean',  | 
            ||
| 38 | 'SecretToken' => 'Varchar(255)',  | 
            ||
| 39 | 'Depth' => 'Int',  | 
            ||
| 40 | );  | 
            ||
| 41 | |||
| 42 | private static $has_one = array(  | 
            ||
| 43 | "Author" => "Member",  | 
            ||
| 44 | "ParentComment" => "Comment",  | 
            ||
| 45 | );  | 
            ||
| 46 | |||
| 47 | private static $has_many = array(  | 
            ||
| 48 | "ChildComments" => "Comment"  | 
            ||
| 49 | );  | 
            ||
| 50 | |||
| 51 | private static $default_sort = '"Created" DESC';  | 
            ||
| 52 | |||
| 53 | private static $defaults = array(  | 
            ||
| 54 | 'Moderated' => 0,  | 
            ||
| 55 | 'IsSpam' => 0,  | 
            ||
| 56 | );  | 
            ||
| 57 | |||
| 58 | private static $casting = array(  | 
            ||
| 59 | 'Title' => 'Varchar',  | 
            ||
| 60 | 'ParentTitle' => 'Varchar',  | 
            ||
| 61 | 'ParentClassName' => 'Varchar',  | 
            ||
| 62 | 'AuthorName' => 'Varchar',  | 
            ||
| 63 | 'RSSName' => 'Varchar',  | 
            ||
| 64 | 'DeleteLink' => 'Varchar',  | 
            ||
| 65 | 'SpamLink' => 'Varchar',  | 
            ||
| 66 | 'HamLink' => 'Varchar',  | 
            ||
| 67 | 'ApproveLink' => 'Varchar',  | 
            ||
| 68 | 'Permalink' => 'Varchar',  | 
            ||
| 69 | );  | 
            ||
| 70 | |||
| 71 | private static $searchable_fields = array(  | 
            ||
| 72 | 'Name',  | 
            ||
| 73 | 'Email',  | 
            ||
| 74 | 'Comment',  | 
            ||
| 75 | 'Created',  | 
            ||
| 76 | 'BaseClass',  | 
            ||
| 77 | );  | 
            ||
| 78 | |||
| 79 | private static $summary_fields = array(  | 
            ||
| 80 | 'Name' => 'Submitted By',  | 
            ||
| 81 | 'Email' => 'Email',  | 
            ||
| 82 | 'Comment.LimitWordCount' => 'Comment',  | 
            ||
| 83 | 'Created' => 'Date Posted',  | 
            ||
| 84 | 'ParentTitle' => 'Post',  | 
            ||
| 85 | 'IsSpam' => 'Is Spam',  | 
            ||
| 86 | );  | 
            ||
| 87 | |||
| 88 | private static $field_labels = array(  | 
            ||
| 89 | 'Author' => 'Author Member',  | 
            ||
| 90 | );  | 
            ||
| 91 | |||
| 92 | 	public function onBeforeWrite() { | 
            ||
| 93 | parent::onBeforeWrite();  | 
            ||
| 94 | |||
| 95 | // Sanitize HTML, because its expected to be passed to the template unescaped later  | 
            ||
| 96 | 		if($this->AllowHtml) { | 
            ||
| 97 | $this->Comment = $this->purifyHtml($this->Comment);  | 
            ||
| 98 | }  | 
            ||
| 99 | |||
| 100 | // Check comment depth  | 
            ||
| 101 | $this->updateDepth();  | 
            ||
| 102 | }  | 
            ||
| 103 | |||
| 104 | 	public function onBeforeDelete() { | 
            ||
| 105 | parent::onBeforeDelete();  | 
            ||
| 106 | |||
| 107 | // Delete all children  | 
            ||
| 108 | 		foreach($this->ChildComments() as $comment) { | 
            ||
| 109 | $comment->delete();  | 
            ||
| 110 | }  | 
            ||
| 111 | }  | 
            ||
| 112 | |||
| 113 | /**  | 
            ||
| 114 | * @return Comment_SecurityToken  | 
            ||
| 115 | */  | 
            ||
| 116 | 	public function getSecurityToken() { | 
            ||
| 119 | |||
| 120 | /**  | 
            ||
| 121 | 	 * Migrates the old {@link PageComment} objects to {@link Comment} | 
            ||
| 122 | */  | 
            ||
| 123 | 	public function requireDefaultRecords() { | 
            ||
| 124 | parent::requireDefaultRecords();  | 
            ||
| 125 | |||
| 126 | 		if(DB::getConn()->hasTable('PageComment')) { | 
            ||
| 127 | 			$comments = DB::query('SELECT * FROM "PageComment"'); | 
            ||
| 128 | |||
| 129 | 			if($comments) { | 
            ||
| 130 | 				while($pageComment = $comments->nextRecord()) { | 
            ||
| 131 | // create a new comment from the older page comment  | 
            ||
| 132 | $comment = new Comment();  | 
            ||
| 133 | $comment->update($pageComment);  | 
            ||
| 134 | |||
| 135 | // set the variables which have changed  | 
            ||
| 136 | $comment->BaseClass = 'SiteTree';  | 
            ||
| 137 | $comment->URL = (isset($pageComment['CommenterURL'])) ? $pageComment['CommenterURL'] : '';  | 
            ||
| 138 | if((int) $pageComment['NeedsModeration'] == 0) $comment->Moderated = true;  | 
            ||
| 139 | |||
| 140 | $comment->write();  | 
            ||
| 141 | }  | 
            ||
| 142 | }  | 
            ||
| 143 | |||
| 144 | 			DB::alteration_message('Migrated PageComment to Comment', 'changed'); | 
            ||
| 145 | 			DB::getConn()->dontRequireTable('PageComment'); | 
            ||
| 146 | }  | 
            ||
| 147 | }  | 
            ||
| 148 | |||
| 149 | /**  | 
            ||
| 150 | * Return a link to this comment  | 
            ||
| 151 | *  | 
            ||
| 152 | * @param string $action  | 
            ||
| 153 | *  | 
            ||
| 154 | * @return string link to this comment.  | 
            ||
| 155 | */  | 
            ||
| 156 | 	public function Link($action = '') { | 
            ||
| 157 | 		if($parent = $this->getParent()) { | 
            ||
| 158 | return $parent->Link($action) . '#' . $this->Permalink();  | 
            ||
| 159 | }  | 
            ||
| 160 | }  | 
            ||
| 161 | |||
| 162 | /**  | 
            ||
| 163 | 	 * Returns the permalink for this {@link Comment}. Inserted into | 
            ||
| 164 | * the ID tag of the comment  | 
            ||
| 165 | *  | 
            ||
| 166 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 167 | */  | 
            ||
| 168 | 	public function Permalink() { | 
            ||
| 172 | |||
| 173 | /**  | 
            ||
| 174 | * Translate the form field labels for the CMS administration  | 
            ||
| 175 | *  | 
            ||
| 176 | * @param boolean $includerelations  | 
            ||
| 177 | *  | 
            ||
| 178 | * @return array  | 
            ||
| 179 | */  | 
            ||
| 180 | 	public function fieldLabels($includerelations = true) { | 
            ||
| 181 | $labels = parent::fieldLabels($includerelations);  | 
            ||
| 182 | |||
| 183 | 		$labels['Name'] = _t('Comment.NAME', 'Author Name'); | 
            ||
| 184 | 		$labels['Comment'] = _t('Comment.COMMENT', 'Comment'); | 
            ||
| 185 | 		$labels['Email'] = _t('Comment.EMAIL', 'Email'); | 
            ||
| 186 | 		$labels['URL'] = _t('Comment.URL', 'URL'); | 
            ||
| 187 | 		$labels['IsSpam'] = _t('Comment.ISSPAM', 'Spam?'); | 
            ||
| 188 | 		$labels['Moderated'] = _t('Comment.MODERATED', 'Moderated?'); | 
            ||
| 189 | 		$labels['ParentTitle'] = _t('Comment.PARENTTITLE', 'Parent'); | 
            ||
| 190 | 		$labels['Created'] = _t('Comment.CREATED', 'Date posted'); | 
            ||
| 191 | |||
| 192 | return $labels;  | 
            ||
| 193 | }  | 
            ||
| 194 | |||
| 195 | /**  | 
            ||
| 196 | * Get the commenting option  | 
            ||
| 197 | *  | 
            ||
| 198 | * @param string $key  | 
            ||
| 199 | *  | 
            ||
| 200 | * @return mixed Result if the setting is available, or null otherwise  | 
            ||
| 201 | */  | 
            ||
| 202 | 	public function getOption($key) { | 
            ||
| 203 | // If possible use the current record  | 
            ||
| 204 | $record = $this->getParent();  | 
            ||
| 205 | |||
| 206 | 		if(!$record && $this->BaseClass) { | 
            ||
| 207 | // Otherwise a singleton of that record  | 
            ||
| 208 | $record = singleton($this->BaseClass);  | 
            ||
| 209 | }  | 
            ||
| 210 | 		else if(!$record) { | 
            ||
| 211 | // Otherwise just use the default options  | 
            ||
| 212 | 			$record = singleton('CommentsExtension'); | 
            ||
| 213 | }  | 
            ||
| 214 | |||
| 215 | 		return ($record->hasMethod('getCommentsOption')) ? $record->getCommentsOption($key) : null; | 
            ||
| 216 | }  | 
            ||
| 217 | |||
| 218 | /**  | 
            ||
| 219 | 	 * Returns the parent {@link DataObject} this comment is attached too | 
            ||
| 220 | *  | 
            ||
| 221 | * @return DataObject  | 
            ||
| 222 | */  | 
            ||
| 223 | 	public function getParent() { | 
            ||
| 224 | return $this->BaseClass && $this->ParentID  | 
            ||
| 225 | ? DataObject::get_by_id($this->BaseClass, $this->ParentID, true)  | 
            ||
| 226 | : null;  | 
            ||
| 227 | }  | 
            ||
| 228 | |||
| 229 | |||
| 230 | /**  | 
            ||
| 231 | * Returns a string to help identify the parent of the comment  | 
            ||
| 232 | *  | 
            ||
| 233 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 234 | */  | 
            ||
| 235 | 	public function getParentTitle() { | 
            ||
| 236 | 		if($parent = $this->getParent()) { | 
            ||
| 237 | return $parent->Title ?: ($parent->ClassName . ' #' . $parent->ID);  | 
            ||
| 238 | }  | 
            ||
| 239 | }  | 
            ||
| 240 | |||
| 241 | /**  | 
            ||
| 242 | * Comment-parent classnames obviously vary, return the parent classname  | 
            ||
| 243 | *  | 
            ||
| 244 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 245 | */  | 
            ||
| 246 | 	public function getParentClassName() { | 
            ||
| 249 | |||
| 250 | 	public function castingHelper($field) { | 
            ||
| 251 | // Safely escape the comment  | 
            ||
| 252 | 		if($field === 'EscapedComment') { | 
            ||
| 253 | return $this->AllowHtml ? 'HTMLText' : 'Text';  | 
            ||
| 254 | }  | 
            ||
| 255 | return parent::castingHelper($field);  | 
            ||
| 256 | }  | 
            ||
| 257 | |||
| 258 | /**  | 
            ||
| 259 | * Content to be safely escaped on the frontend  | 
            ||
| 260 | *  | 
            ||
| 261 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 262 | */  | 
            ||
| 263 | 	public function getEscapedComment() { | 
            ||
| 266 | |||
| 267 | /**  | 
            ||
| 268 | * Return whether this comment is a preview (has not been written to the db)  | 
            ||
| 269 | *  | 
            ||
| 270 | * @return boolean  | 
            ||
| 271 | */  | 
            ||
| 272 | 	public function isPreview() { | 
            ||
| 275 | |||
| 276 | /**  | 
            ||
| 277 | 	 * @todo needs to compare to the new {@link Commenting} configuration API | 
            ||
| 278 | *  | 
            ||
| 279 | * @param Member $member  | 
            ||
| 280 | *  | 
            ||
| 281 | * @return bool  | 
            ||
| 282 | */  | 
            ||
| 283 | 	public function canCreate($member = null) { | 
            ||
| 286 | |||
| 287 | /**  | 
            ||
| 288 | 	 * Checks for association with a page, and {@link SiteTree->ProvidePermission} | 
            ||
| 289 | * flag being set to true.  | 
            ||
| 290 | *  | 
            ||
| 291 | * @param Member $member  | 
            ||
| 292 | *  | 
            ||
| 293 | * @return Boolean  | 
            ||
| 294 | */  | 
            ||
| 295 | 	public function canView($member = null) { | 
            ||
| 315 | |||
| 316 | /**  | 
            ||
| 317 | * Checks if the comment can be edited.  | 
            ||
| 318 | *  | 
            ||
| 319 | * @param null|int|Member $member  | 
            ||
| 320 | *  | 
            ||
| 321 | * @return Boolean  | 
            ||
| 322 | */  | 
            ||
| 323 | 	public function canEdit($member = null) { | 
            ||
| 345 | |||
| 346 | /**  | 
            ||
| 347 | * Checks if the comment can be deleted.  | 
            ||
| 348 | *  | 
            ||
| 349 | * @param null|int|Member $member  | 
            ||
| 350 | *  | 
            ||
| 351 | * @return Boolean  | 
            ||
| 352 | */  | 
            ||
| 353 | 	public function canDelete($member = null) { | 
            ||
| 367 | |||
| 368 | /**  | 
            ||
| 369 | * Resolves Member object.  | 
            ||
| 370 | *  | 
            ||
| 371 | * @param Member|int|null $member  | 
            ||
| 372 | * @return Member|null  | 
            ||
| 373 | */  | 
            ||
| 374 | 	protected function getMember($member = null) { | 
            ||
| 385 | |||
| 386 | /**  | 
            ||
| 387 | * Return the authors name for the comment  | 
            ||
| 388 | *  | 
            ||
| 389 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 390 | */  | 
            ||
| 391 | 	public function getAuthorName() { | 
            ||
| 398 | |||
| 399 | /**  | 
            ||
| 400 | * Generate a secure admin-action link authorised for the specified member  | 
            ||
| 401 | *  | 
            ||
| 402 | * @param string $action An action on CommentingController to link to  | 
            ||
| 403 | * @param Member $member The member authorised to invoke this action  | 
            ||
| 404 | *  | 
            ||
| 405 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 406 | */  | 
            ||
| 407 | 	protected function actionLink($action, $member = null) { | 
            ||
| 422 | |||
| 423 | /**  | 
            ||
| 424 | * Link to delete this comment  | 
            ||
| 425 | *  | 
            ||
| 426 | * @param Member $member  | 
            ||
| 427 | *  | 
            ||
| 428 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 429 | */  | 
            ||
| 430 | 	public function DeleteLink($member = null) { | 
            ||
| 435 | |||
| 436 | /**  | 
            ||
| 437 | * Link to mark as spam  | 
            ||
| 438 | *  | 
            ||
| 439 | * @param Member $member  | 
            ||
| 440 | *  | 
            ||
| 441 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 442 | */  | 
            ||
| 443 | 	public function SpamLink($member = null) { | 
            ||
| 448 | |||
| 449 | /**  | 
            ||
| 450 | * Link to mark as not-spam (ham)  | 
            ||
| 451 | *  | 
            ||
| 452 | * @param Member $member  | 
            ||
| 453 | *  | 
            ||
| 454 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 455 | */  | 
            ||
| 456 | 	public function HamLink($member = null) { | 
            ||
| 461 | |||
| 462 | /**  | 
            ||
| 463 | * Link to approve this comment  | 
            ||
| 464 | *  | 
            ||
| 465 | * @param Member $member  | 
            ||
| 466 | *  | 
            ||
| 467 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 468 | */  | 
            ||
| 469 | 	public function ApproveLink($member = null) { | 
            ||
| 474 | |||
| 475 | /**  | 
            ||
| 476 | * Mark this comment as spam  | 
            ||
| 477 | */  | 
            ||
| 478 | 	public function markSpam() { | 
            ||
| 484 | |||
| 485 | /**  | 
            ||
| 486 | * Mark this comment as approved  | 
            ||
| 487 | */  | 
            ||
| 488 | 	public function markApproved() { | 
            ||
| 494 | |||
| 495 | /**  | 
            ||
| 496 | * Mark this comment as unapproved  | 
            ||
| 497 | */  | 
            ||
| 498 | 	public function markUnapproved() { | 
            ||
| 503 | |||
| 504 | /**  | 
            ||
| 505 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 506 | */  | 
            ||
| 507 | 	public function SpamClass() { | 
            ||
| 516 | |||
| 517 | /**  | 
            ||
| 518 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 519 | */  | 
            ||
| 520 | 	public function getTitle() { | 
            ||
| 531 | |||
| 532 | /*  | 
            ||
| 533 | * Modify the default fields shown to the user  | 
            ||
| 534 | */  | 
            ||
| 535 | 	public function getCMSFields() { | 
            ||
| 607 | |||
| 608 | /**  | 
            ||
| 609 | * @param String $dirtyHtml  | 
            ||
| 610 | *  | 
            ||
| 611 | * @return String  | 
            ||
| 612 | */  | 
            ||
| 613 | 	public function purifyHtml($dirtyHtml) { | 
            ||
| 617 | |||
| 618 | /**  | 
            ||
| 619 | * @return HTMLPurifier (or anything with a "purify()" method)  | 
            ||
| 620 | */  | 
            ||
| 621 | 	public function getHtmlPurifierService() { | 
            ||
| 636 | |||
| 637 | /**  | 
            ||
| 638 | * Calculate the Gravatar link from the email address  | 
            ||
| 639 | *  | 
            ||
| 640 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 641 | */  | 
            ||
| 642 | 	public function Gravatar() { | 
            ||
| 655 | |||
| 656 | /**  | 
            ||
| 657 | * Determine if replies are enabled for this instance  | 
            ||
| 658 | *  | 
            ||
| 659 | * @return boolean  | 
            ||
| 660 | */  | 
            ||
| 661 | 	public function getRepliesEnabled() { | 
            ||
| 672 | |||
| 673 | /**  | 
            ||
| 674 | * Returns the list of all replies  | 
            ||
| 675 | *  | 
            ||
| 676 | * @return SS_List  | 
            ||
| 677 | */  | 
            ||
| 678 | 	public function AllReplies() { | 
            ||
| 694 | |||
| 695 |     public function ShowReplyToForm() { | 
            ||
| 702 | |||
| 703 | /**  | 
            ||
| 704 | * Returns the list of replies, with spam and unmoderated items excluded, for use in the frontend  | 
            ||
| 705 | *  | 
            ||
| 706 | * @return SS_List  | 
            ||
| 707 | */  | 
            ||
| 708 | 	public function Replies() { | 
            ||
| 734 | |||
| 735 | /**  | 
            ||
| 736 | * Returns the list of replies paged, with spam and unmoderated items excluded, for use in the frontend  | 
            ||
| 737 | *  | 
            ||
| 738 | * @return PaginatedList  | 
            ||
| 739 | */  | 
            ||
| 740 | View Code Duplication | 	public function PagedReplies() { | 
            |
| 751 | |||
| 752 | /**  | 
            ||
| 753 | * Generate a reply form for this comment  | 
            ||
| 754 | *  | 
            ||
| 755 | * @return Form  | 
            ||
| 756 | */  | 
            ||
| 757 | 	public function ReplyForm() { | 
            ||
| 777 | |||
| 778 | /**  | 
            ||
| 779 | * Refresh of this comment in the hierarchy  | 
            ||
| 780 | */  | 
            ||
| 781 | 	public function updateDepth() { | 
            ||
| 790 | }  | 
            ||
| 791 | |||
| 892 |