Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like EmailContext often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use EmailContext, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 22 | class EmailContext extends BehatContext |
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| 23 | { |
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| 24 | protected $context; |
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| 25 | |||
| 26 | protected $mailer; |
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| 27 | |||
| 28 | /** |
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| 29 | * Stored to simplify later assertions |
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| 30 | */ |
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| 31 | protected $lastMatchedEmail; |
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| 32 | |||
| 33 | /** |
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| 34 | * Initializes context. |
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| 35 | * Every scenario gets it's own context object. |
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| 36 | * |
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| 37 | * @param array $parameters context parameters (set them up through behat.yml) |
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| 38 | */ |
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| 39 | public function __construct(array $parameters) |
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| 40 | { |
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| 41 | // Initialize your context here |
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| 42 | $this->context = $parameters; |
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| 43 | } |
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| 44 | |||
| 45 | /** |
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| 46 | * Get Mink session from MinkContext |
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| 47 | */ |
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| 48 | public function getSession($name = null) |
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| 49 | { |
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| 50 | return $this->getMainContext()->getSession($name); |
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| 51 | } |
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| 52 | |||
| 53 | /** |
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| 54 | * @BeforeScenario |
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| 55 | */ |
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| 56 | public function before(ScenarioEvent $event) |
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| 57 | { |
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| 58 | // Also set through the 'supportbehat' extension |
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| 59 | // to ensure its available both in CLI execution and the tested browser session |
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| 60 | $this->mailer = new \SilverStripe\BehatExtension\Utility\TestMailer(); |
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| 61 | \Email::set_mailer($this->mailer); |
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| 62 | \Config::inst()->update("Email","send_all_emails_to", null); |
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| 63 | } |
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| 64 | |||
| 65 | /** |
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| 66 | * @Given /^there should (not |)be an email (to|from) "([^"]*)"$/ |
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| 67 | */ |
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| 68 | public function thereIsAnEmailFromTo($negate, $direction, $email) |
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| 69 | { |
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| 70 | $to = ($direction == 'to') ? $email : null; |
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| 71 | $from = ($direction == 'from') ? $email : null; |
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| 72 | $match = $this->mailer->findEmail($to, $from); |
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| 73 | if(trim($negate)) { |
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| 74 | assertNull($match); |
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| 75 | } else { |
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| 76 | assertNotNull($match); |
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| 77 | } |
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| 78 | $this->lastMatchedEmail = $match; |
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| 79 | } |
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| 80 | |||
| 81 | /** |
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| 82 | * @Given /^there should (not |)be an email (to|from) "([^"]*)" titled "([^"]*)"$/ |
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| 83 | */ |
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| 84 | public function thereIsAnEmailFromToTitled($negate, $direction, $email, $subject) |
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| 85 | { |
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| 86 | $to = ($direction == 'to') ? $email : null; |
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| 87 | $from = ($direction == 'from') ? $email : null; |
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| 88 | $match = $this->mailer->findEmail($to, $from, $subject); |
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| 89 | $allMails = $this->mailer->findEmails($to, $from); |
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| 90 | $allTitles = $allMails ? '"' . implode('","', array_map(function($email) {return $email->Subject;}, $allMails)) . '"' : null; |
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| 91 | if(trim($negate)) { |
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| 92 | assertNull($match); |
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| 93 | } else { |
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| 94 | $msg = sprintf( |
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| 95 | 'Could not find email %s "%s" titled "%s".', |
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| 96 | $direction, |
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| 97 | $email, |
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| 98 | $subject |
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| 99 | ); |
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| 100 | if($allTitles) { |
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| 101 | $msg .= ' Existing emails: ' . $allTitles; |
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| 102 | } |
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| 103 | assertNotNull($match,$msg); |
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| 104 | } |
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| 105 | $this->lastMatchedEmail = $match; |
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| 106 | } |
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| 107 | |||
| 108 | /** |
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| 109 | * Example: Given the email should contain "Thank you for registering!". |
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| 110 | * Assumes an email has been identified by a previous step, |
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| 111 | * e.g. through 'Given there should be an email to "[email protected]"'. |
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| 112 | * |
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| 113 | * @Given /^the email should (not |)contain "([^"]*)"$/ |
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| 114 | */ |
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| 115 | public function thereTheEmailContains($negate, $content) |
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| 116 | { |
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| 117 | if(!$this->lastMatchedEmail) { |
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| 118 | throw new \LogicException('No matched email found from previous step'); |
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| 119 | } |
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| 120 | |||
| 121 | $email = $this->lastMatchedEmail; |
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| 122 | $emailContent = null; |
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| 123 | if($email->Content) { |
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| 124 | $emailContent = $email->Content; |
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| 125 | } else { |
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| 126 | $emailContent = $email->PlainContent; |
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| 127 | } |
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| 128 | |||
| 129 | if(trim($negate)) { |
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| 130 | assertNotContains($content, $emailContent); |
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| 131 | } else { |
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| 132 | assertContains($content, $emailContent); |
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| 133 | } |
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| 134 | } |
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| 135 | |||
| 136 | /** |
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| 137 | * Example: Given the email contains "Thank you for <strong>registering!<strong>". |
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| 138 | * Then the email should contain plain text "Thank you for registering!" |
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| 139 | * Assumes an email has been identified by a previous step, |
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| 140 | * e.g. through 'Given there should be an email to "[email protected]"'. |
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| 141 | * |
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| 142 | * @Given /^the email should contain plain text "([^"]*)"$/ |
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| 143 | */ |
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| 144 | public function thereTheEmailContainsPlainText($content) |
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| 157 | |||
| 158 | /** |
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| 159 | * @When /^I click on the "([^"]*)" link in the email (to|from) "([^"]*)"$/ |
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| 160 | */ |
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| 161 | View Code Duplication | public function iGoToInTheEmailTo($linkSelector, $direction, $email) |
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| 162 | { |
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| 163 | $to = ($direction == 'to') ? $email : null; |
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| 164 | $from = ($direction == 'from') ? $email : null; |
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| 165 | $match = $this->mailer->findEmail($to, $from); |
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| 166 | assertNotNull($match); |
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| 167 | |||
| 168 | $crawler = new Crawler($match->Content); |
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| 169 | $linkEl = $crawler->selectLink($linkSelector); |
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| 170 | assertNotNull($linkEl); |
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| 171 | $link = $linkEl->attr('href'); |
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| 172 | assertNotNull($link); |
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| 173 | |||
| 174 | return new Step\When(sprintf('I go to "%s"', $link)); |
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| 175 | } |
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| 176 | |||
| 177 | /** |
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| 178 | * @When /^I click on the "([^"]*)" link in the email (to|from) "([^"]*)" titled "([^"]*)"$/ |
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| 179 | */ |
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| 180 | View Code Duplication | public function iGoToInTheEmailToTitled($linkSelector, $direction, $email, $title) |
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| 194 | |||
| 195 | /** |
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| 196 | * Assumes an email has been identified by a previous step, |
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| 197 | * e.g. through 'Given there should be an email to "[email protected]"'. |
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| 198 | * |
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| 199 | * @When /^I click on the "([^"]*)" link in the email"$/ |
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| 200 | */ |
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| 201 | public function iGoToInTheEmail($linkSelector) |
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| 202 | { |
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| 203 | if(!$this->lastMatchedEmail) { |
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| 204 | throw new \LogicException('No matched email found from previous step'); |
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| 205 | } |
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| 206 | |||
| 207 | $match = $this->lastMatchedEmail; |
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| 208 | $crawler = new Crawler($match->Content); |
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| 209 | $linkEl = $crawler->selectLink($linkSelector); |
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| 210 | assertNotNull($linkEl); |
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| 211 | $link = $linkEl->attr('href'); |
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| 212 | assertNotNull($link); |
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| 213 | |||
| 214 | return new Step\When(sprintf('I go to "%s"', $link)); |
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| 215 | } |
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| 216 | |||
| 217 | /** |
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| 218 | * @Given /^I clear all emails$/ |
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| 219 | */ |
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| 220 | public function iClearAllEmails() |
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| 221 | { |
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| 222 | $this->lastMatchedEmail = null; |
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| 223 | return $this->mailer->clearEmails(); |
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| 224 | } |
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| 225 | |||
| 226 | /** |
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| 227 | * Example: Then the email should contain the following data: |
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| 228 | * | row1 | |
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| 229 | * | row2 | |
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| 230 | * Assumes an email has been identified by a previous step. |
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| 231 | * @Then /^the email should (not |)contain the following data:$/ |
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| 232 | */ |
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| 233 | public function theEmailContainFollowingData($negate, TableNode $table) { |
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| 261 | |||
| 262 | /** |
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| 263 | * @Then /^there should (not |)be an email titled "([^"]*)"$/ |
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| 264 | */ |
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| 265 | public function thereIsAnEmailTitled($negate, $subject) |
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| 279 | |||
| 280 | /** |
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| 281 | * @Then /^the email should (not |)be sent from "([^"]*)"$/ |
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| 282 | */ |
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| 283 | View Code Duplication | public function theEmailSentFrom($negate, $from) |
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| 296 | |||
| 297 | /** |
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| 298 | * @Then /^the email should (not |)be sent to "([^"]*)"$/ |
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| 299 | */ |
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| 300 | View Code Duplication | public function theEmailSentTo($negate, $to) |
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| 313 | |||
| 314 | /** |
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| 315 | * The link text is the link address itself which contains special characters |
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| 316 | * e.g. http://localhost/Security/changepassword?m=199&title=reset |
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| 317 | * Example: When I click on the http link "changepassword" in the email |
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| 318 | * @When /^I click on the http link "([^"]*)" in the email$/ |
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| 319 | */ |
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| 320 | public function iClickOnHttpLinkInEmail($httpText) { |
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| 321 | if(!$this->lastMatchedEmail) { |
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| 322 | throw new \LogicException('No matched email found from previous step'); |
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| 343 | } |
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| 344 |
Let’s take a look at an example:
In the above example, the authenticate() method works fine as long as you just pass instances of MyUser. However, if you now also want to pass a different implementation of User which does not have a getDisplayName() method, the code will break.
Available Fixes
Change the type-hint for the parameter:
Add an additional type-check:
Add the method to the interface: