Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like Name often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Name, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 32 | class Name implements HasParent |
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| 33 | { |
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| 34 | use InheritableNameAttributesTrait, |
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| 35 | FormattingTrait, |
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| 36 | AffixesTrait, |
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| 37 | DelimiterTrait; |
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| 38 | |||
| 39 | /** |
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| 40 | * @var array |
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| 41 | */ |
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| 42 | protected $nameParts; |
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| 43 | |||
| 44 | /** |
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| 45 | * Specifies the text string used to separate names in a name variable. Default is ”, ” (e.g. “Doe, Smith”). |
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| 46 | * @var |
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| 47 | */ |
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| 48 | private $delimiter = ", "; |
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| 49 | |||
| 50 | /** |
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| 51 | * @var Names |
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| 52 | */ |
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| 53 | private $parent; |
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| 54 | |||
| 55 | /** |
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| 56 | * @var \SimpleXMLElement |
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| 57 | */ |
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| 58 | private $node; |
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| 59 | |||
| 60 | /** |
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| 61 | * @var string |
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| 62 | */ |
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| 63 | private $etAl; |
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| 64 | |||
| 65 | /** |
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| 66 | * Name constructor. |
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| 67 | * @param \SimpleXMLElement $node |
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| 68 | * @param Names $parent |
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| 69 | */ |
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| 70 | public function __construct(\SimpleXMLElement $node, Names $parent) |
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| 71 | { |
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| 72 | $this->node = $node; |
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| 73 | $this->parent = $parent; |
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| 74 | |||
| 75 | $this->nameParts = []; |
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| 76 | |||
| 77 | /** @var \SimpleXMLElement $child */ |
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| 78 | foreach ($node->children() as $child) { |
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| 79 | |||
| 80 | switch ($child->getName()) { |
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| 81 | case "name-part": |
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| 82 | /** @var NamePart $namePart */ |
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| 83 | $namePart = Factory::create($child, $this); |
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| 84 | $this->nameParts[$namePart->getName()] = $namePart; |
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| 85 | } |
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| 86 | } |
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| 87 | |||
| 88 | foreach ($node->attributes() as $attribute) { |
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| 89 | switch ($attribute->getName()) { |
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| 90 | case 'form': |
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| 91 | $this->form = (string) $attribute; |
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| 92 | break; |
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| 93 | } |
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| 94 | |||
| 95 | } |
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| 96 | |||
| 97 | $this->initFormattingAttributes($node); |
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| 98 | $this->initAffixesAttributes($node); |
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| 99 | $this->initDelimiterAttributes($node); |
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| 100 | } |
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| 101 | |||
| 102 | /** |
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| 103 | * @param array $data |
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| 104 | * @param integer|null $citationNumber |
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| 105 | * @return string |
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| 106 | */ |
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| 107 | public function render($data, $citationNumber = null) |
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| 108 | { |
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| 109 | $text = ""; |
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| 110 | if (!$this->attributesInitialized) { |
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| 111 | $this->initInheritableNameAttributes($this->node); |
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| 112 | } |
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| 113 | if ("text" === $this->and) { |
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| 114 | $this->and = CiteProc::getContext()->getLocale()->filter('terms', 'and')->single; |
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| 115 | } elseif ('symbol' === $this->and) { |
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| 116 | $this->and = '&'; |
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| 117 | } |
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| 118 | |||
| 119 | $resultNames = []; |
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| 120 | |||
| 121 | $hasPreceding = CiteProc::getContext()->getCitationItems()->hasKey($citationNumber - 1); |
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| 122 | $subsequentSubstitution = CiteProc::getContext()->getCitationItems()->getSubsequentAuthorSubstitute(); |
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| 123 | $subsequentSubstitutionRule = CiteProc::getContext()->getCitationItems()->getSubsequentAuthorSubstituteRule(); |
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| 124 | $useSubseqSubstitution = !empty($subsequentSubstitution) && !empty($subsequentSubstitutionRule); |
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| 125 | $preceding = CiteProc::getContext()->getCitationItems()->get($citationNumber - 1); |
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| 126 | |||
| 127 | |||
| 128 | if ($hasPreceding && $useSubseqSubstitution) { |
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| 129 | /** @var \stdClass $preceding */ |
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| 130 | $identicalAuthors = $this->identicalAuthors($preceding, $data); |
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| 131 | if ($subsequentSubstitutionRule == SubsequentAuthorSubstituteRule::COMPLETE_ALL) { |
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| 132 | if ($identicalAuthors) { |
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| 133 | return $subsequentSubstitution; |
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| 134 | } else { |
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| 135 | $resultNames = $this->getFormattedNames($data, $resultNames); |
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| 136 | } |
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| 137 | } else { |
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| 138 | $resultNames = $this->renderSubsequentSubstitution($data, $preceding); |
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| 139 | } |
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| 140 | } else { |
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| 141 | $resultNames = $this->getFormattedNames($data, $resultNames); |
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| 142 | } |
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| 143 | |||
| 144 | $resultNames = $this->prepareAbbreviation($resultNames); |
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| 145 | |||
| 146 | if ($this->etAlUseLast) { |
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| 147 | /* When set to “true” (the default is “false”), name lists truncated by et-al abbreviation are followed by |
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| 148 | the name delimiter, the ellipsis character, and the last name of the original name list. This is only |
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| 149 | possible when the original name list has at least two more names than the truncated name list (for this |
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| 150 | the value of et-al-use-first/et-al-subsequent-min must be at least 2 less than the value of |
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| 151 | et-al-min/et-al-subsequent-use-first). */ |
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| 152 | $this->and = "…"; // set "and" |
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| 153 | $this->etAl = null; //reset $etAl; |
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| 154 | } |
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| 155 | |||
| 156 | /* add "and" */ |
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| 157 | $count = count($resultNames); |
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| 158 | if (!empty($this->and) && $count > 1 && empty($this->etAl)) { |
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| 159 | $new = $this->and . ' ' . end($resultNames); // add and-prefix of the last name if "and" is defined |
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| 160 | $resultNames[count($resultNames) - 1] = $new; //set prefixed last name at the last position of $resultNames array |
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| 161 | } |
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| 162 | |||
| 163 | if (!empty($this->and) && empty($this->etAl)) { |
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| 164 | switch ($this->delimiterPrecedesLast) { |
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| 165 | case 'after-inverted-name': |
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| 166 | //TODO: implement |
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| 167 | break; |
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| 168 | case 'always': |
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| 169 | $text = implode($this->delimiter, $resultNames); |
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| 170 | break; |
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| 171 | case 'never': |
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| 172 | if (!$this->etAlUseLast) { |
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| 173 | if (count($resultNames) === 1) { |
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| 174 | $text = $resultNames[0]; |
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| 175 | View Code Duplication | } else if (count($resultNames) === 2) { |
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| 176 | $text = implode(" ", $resultNames); |
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| 177 | } else { // >2 |
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| 178 | $lastName = array_pop($resultNames); |
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| 179 | $text = implode($this->delimiter, $resultNames) . " " . $lastName; |
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| 180 | } |
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| 181 | } /*else { |
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| 182 | if (count($resultNames) === 1) { |
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| 183 | $text = $resultNames[0]; |
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| 184 | } else if (count($resultNames) === 2) { |
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| 185 | $text = implode(" ", $resultNames); |
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| 186 | } else { // >2 |
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| 187 | $lastName = array_pop($resultNames); |
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| 188 | $text = implode($this->delimiter, $resultNames) . ", " . $lastName; |
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| 189 | } |
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| 190 | }*/ |
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| 191 | |||
| 192 | break; |
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| 193 | case 'contextual': |
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| 194 | default: |
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| 195 | View Code Duplication | if (count($resultNames) === 1) { |
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| 196 | $text = $resultNames[0]; |
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| 197 | } else if (count($resultNames) === 2) { |
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| 198 | $text = implode(" ", $resultNames); |
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| 199 | } else { |
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| 200 | $text = implode($this->delimiter, $resultNames); |
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| 201 | } |
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| 202 | } |
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| 203 | } |
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| 204 | if (empty($text)) { |
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| 205 | $text = implode($this->delimiter, $resultNames); |
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| 206 | } |
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| 207 | |||
| 208 | //append et al abbreviation |
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| 209 | if (count($data) > 1 && |
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| 210 | !empty($resultNames) && |
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| 211 | !empty($this->etAl) && |
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| 212 | !empty($this->etAlMin) && |
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| 213 | !empty($this->etAlUseFirst)) { |
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| 214 | |||
| 215 | $text = $this->appendEtAl($text, $resultNames); |
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| 216 | } |
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| 217 | |||
| 218 | /* A third value, “count”, returns the total number of names that would otherwise be rendered by the use of the |
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| 219 | cs:names element (taking into account the effects of et-al abbreviation and editor/translator collapsing), |
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| 220 | which allows for advanced sorting. */ |
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| 221 | |||
| 222 | if ($this->form == 'count') { |
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| 223 | return (int) count($resultNames); |
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| 224 | } |
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| 225 | |||
| 226 | return $text; |
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| 227 | } |
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| 228 | |||
| 229 | /** |
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| 230 | * @param \stdClass $name |
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| 231 | * @param int $rank |
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| 232 | * @return string |
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| 233 | */ |
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| 234 | private function formatName($name, $rank) |
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| 235 | { |
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| 236 | $nameObj = $this->cloneNamePOSC($name); |
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| 237 | |||
| 238 | $useInitials = $this->initialize && !is_null($this->initializeWith) && $this->initializeWith !== false; |
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| 239 | if ($useInitials && isset($name->given)) { |
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| 240 | $nameObj->given = StringHelper::initializeBySpaceOrHyphen($name->given, $this->initializeWith); |
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| 241 | } |
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| 242 | |||
| 243 | // format name-parts |
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| 244 | if (count($this->nameParts) > 0) { |
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| 245 | /** @var NamePart $namePart */ |
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| 246 | foreach ($this->nameParts as $namePart) { |
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| 247 | $nameObj->{$namePart->getName()} = $namePart->render($name); |
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| 248 | } |
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| 249 | } |
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| 250 | |||
| 251 | $return = $this->getNamesString($nameObj, $rank); |
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| 252 | |||
| 253 | return trim($return); |
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| 254 | } |
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| 255 | |||
| 256 | /** |
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| 257 | * @param \stdClass $name |
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| 258 | * @param int $rank |
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| 259 | * @return string |
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| 260 | */ |
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| 261 | private function getNamesString($name, $rank) |
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| 327 | |||
| 328 | /** |
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| 329 | * @param $name |
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| 330 | * @return \stdClass |
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| 331 | */ |
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| 332 | private function cloneNamePOSC($name) |
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| 352 | |||
| 353 | /** |
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| 354 | * @param $text |
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| 355 | * @param $resultNames |
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| 356 | * @return string |
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| 357 | */ |
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| 358 | protected function appendEtAl($text, $resultNames) |
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| 383 | |||
| 384 | /** |
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| 385 | * @param $resultNames |
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| 386 | * @return array |
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| 387 | */ |
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| 388 | protected function prepareAbbreviation($resultNames) |
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| 430 | |||
| 431 | /** |
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| 432 | * @return Names |
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| 433 | */ |
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| 434 | public function getParent() |
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| 438 | |||
| 439 | /** |
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| 440 | * @param $data |
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| 441 | * @param \stdClass $preceding |
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| 442 | * @return array |
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| 443 | */ |
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| 444 | protected function renderSubsequentSubstitution($data, $preceding) |
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| 499 | |||
| 500 | /** |
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| 501 | * @param \stdClass $preceding |
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| 502 | * @param \stdClass $name |
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| 503 | * @return bool |
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| 504 | */ |
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| 505 | public function precedingHasAuthor($preceding, $name) |
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| 514 | |||
| 515 | /** |
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| 516 | * @param \stdClass $precedingItem |
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| 517 | * @param \stdClass $currentAuthor |
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| 518 | * @return bool |
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| 519 | */ |
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| 520 | private function identicalAuthors($precedingItem, $currentAuthor) |
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| 533 | |||
| 534 | /** |
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| 535 | * @param $data |
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| 536 | * @param $resultNames |
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| 537 | * @return array |
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| 538 | */ |
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| 539 | protected function getFormattedNames($data, $resultNames) |
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| 546 | } |
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| 547 |
It seems like the type of the argument is not accepted by the function/method which you are calling.
In some cases, in particular if PHP’s automatic type-juggling kicks in this might be fine. In other cases, however this might be a bug.
We suggest to add an explicit type cast like in the following example: