Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like Client often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Client, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 37 | class Client |
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| 38 | { |
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| 39 | public $baseUrl; |
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| 40 | |||
| 41 | /** @var string Alma zone (institution or network) */ |
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| 42 | public $zone; |
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| 43 | |||
| 44 | /** @var string Alma Developers Network API key for this zone */ |
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| 45 | public $key; |
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| 46 | |||
| 47 | /** @var Client Network zone instance */ |
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| 48 | public $nz; |
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| 49 | |||
| 50 | /** @var HttpClient */ |
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| 51 | protected $http; |
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| 52 | |||
| 53 | /** @var MessageFactory */ |
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| 54 | protected $messageFactory; |
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| 55 | |||
| 56 | /** @var UriFactory */ |
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| 57 | protected $uriFactory; |
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| 58 | |||
| 59 | /** @var SruClient */ |
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| 60 | public $sru; |
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| 61 | |||
| 62 | /** @var Bibs */ |
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| 63 | public $bibs; |
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| 64 | |||
| 65 | /** @var Analytics */ |
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| 66 | public $analytics; |
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| 67 | |||
| 68 | /** @var Users */ |
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| 69 | public $users; |
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| 70 | |||
| 71 | /** @var Items */ |
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| 72 | public $items; |
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| 73 | |||
| 74 | /** @var int Max number of retries if we get 429 errors */ |
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| 75 | public $maxAttempts = 10; |
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| 76 | |||
| 77 | /** @var float Number of seconds to sleep before retrying */ |
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| 78 | public $sleepTimeOnRetry = 0.5; |
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| 79 | |||
| 80 | /** |
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| 81 | * Create a new client to connect to a given Alma instance. |
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| 82 | * |
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| 83 | * @param string $key API key |
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| 84 | * @param string $region Hosted region code, used to build base URL |
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| 85 | * @param string $zone Alma zone (Either Zones::INSTITUTION or Zones::NETWORK) |
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| 86 | * @param HttpClient $http |
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| 87 | * @param MessageFactory $messageFactory |
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| 88 | * @param UriFactory $uriFactory |
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| 89 | * |
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| 90 | * @throws \ErrorException |
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| 91 | */ |
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| 92 | public function __construct( |
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| 129 | |||
| 130 | /** |
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| 131 | * Attach an SRU client (so you can search for Bib records). |
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| 132 | * |
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| 133 | * @param SruClient $sru |
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| 134 | */ |
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| 135 | public function setSruClient(SruClient $sru) |
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| 139 | |||
| 140 | /** |
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| 141 | * Assert that an SRU client is connected. Throws SruClientNotSetException if not. |
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| 142 | * |
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| 143 | * @throws SruClientNotSetException |
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| 144 | */ |
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| 145 | public function assertHasSruClient() |
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| 151 | |||
| 152 | /** |
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| 153 | * Set the API key for this Alma instance. |
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| 154 | * |
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| 155 | * @param string $key The API key |
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| 156 | * |
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| 157 | * @return $this |
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| 158 | */ |
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| 159 | public function setKey($key) |
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| 165 | |||
| 166 | /** |
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| 167 | * Set the Alma region code ('na' for North America, 'eu' for Europe, 'ap' for Asia Pacific). |
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| 168 | * |
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| 169 | * @param $regionCode |
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| 170 | * |
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| 171 | * @throws \ErrorException |
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| 172 | * |
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| 173 | * @return $this |
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| 174 | */ |
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| 175 | public function setRegion($regionCode) |
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| 184 | |||
| 185 | /** |
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| 186 | * @param string $url|UriInterface |
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| 187 | * @param array $query |
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| 188 | * |
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| 189 | * @return UriInterface |
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| 190 | */ |
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| 191 | public function buildUrl($url, $query = []) |
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| 204 | |||
| 205 | /** |
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| 206 | * Make a synchronous HTTP request and return a PSR7 response if successful. |
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| 207 | * In the case of intermittent errors (connection problem, 429 or 5XX error), the request is |
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| 208 | * attempted a maximum of {$this->maxAttempts} times with a sleep of {$this->sleepTimeOnRetry} |
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| 209 | * between each attempt to avoid hammering the server. |
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| 210 | * |
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| 211 | * @param RequestInterface $request |
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| 212 | * @param int $attempt |
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| 213 | * |
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| 214 | * @return ResponseInterface |
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| 215 | */ |
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| 216 | public function request(RequestInterface $request, $attempt = 1) |
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| 259 | |||
| 260 | /** |
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| 261 | * Make a GET request. |
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| 262 | * |
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| 263 | * @param string $url|UriInterface |
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| 264 | * @param array $query |
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| 265 | * @param string $contentType |
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| 266 | * |
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| 267 | * @return string Response body |
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| 268 | */ |
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| 269 | public function get($url, $query = [], $contentType = 'application/json') |
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| 280 | |||
| 281 | /** |
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| 282 | * Make a GET request, accepting JSON. |
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| 283 | * |
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| 284 | * @param string $url |
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| 285 | * @param array $query |
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| 286 | * |
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| 287 | * @return \stdClass JSON response as an object. |
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| 288 | */ |
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| 289 | public function getJSON($url, $query = []) |
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| 295 | |||
| 296 | /** |
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| 297 | * Make a GET request, accepting XML. |
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| 298 | * |
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| 299 | * @param string $url |
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| 300 | * @param array $query |
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| 301 | * |
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| 302 | * @return QuiteSimpleXMLElement |
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| 303 | */ |
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| 304 | public function getXML($url, $query = []) |
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| 310 | |||
| 311 | /** |
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| 312 | * Make a PUT request. |
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| 313 | * |
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| 314 | * @param string $url |
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| 315 | * @param $data |
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| 316 | * @param string $contentType |
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| 317 | * |
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| 318 | * @return bool |
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| 319 | */ |
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| 320 | View Code Duplication | public function put($url, $data, $contentType = 'application/json') |
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| 334 | |||
| 335 | /** |
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| 336 | * Make a PUT request, sending JSON data. |
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| 337 | * |
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| 338 | * @param string $url |
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| 339 | * @param $data |
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| 340 | * |
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| 341 | * @return bool |
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| 342 | */ |
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| 343 | public function putJSON($url, $data) |
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| 349 | |||
| 350 | /** |
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| 351 | * Make a PUT request, sending XML data. |
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| 352 | * |
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| 353 | * @param string $url |
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| 354 | * @param $data |
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| 355 | * |
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| 356 | * @return bool |
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| 357 | */ |
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| 358 | public function putXML($url, $data) |
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| 362 | |||
| 363 | /** |
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| 364 | * Make a POST request. |
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| 365 | * |
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| 366 | * @param string $url |
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| 367 | * @param $data |
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| 368 | * @param string $contentType |
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| 369 | * |
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| 370 | * @return bool |
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| 371 | */ |
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| 372 | View Code Duplication | public function post($url, $data, $contentType = 'application/json') |
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| 386 | |||
| 387 | /** |
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| 388 | * Make a POST request, sending JSON data. |
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| 389 | * |
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| 390 | * @param string $url |
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| 391 | * @param $data |
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| 392 | * |
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| 393 | * @return bool |
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| 394 | */ |
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| 395 | public function postJSON($url, $data = null) |
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| 401 | |||
| 402 | /** |
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| 403 | * Make a POST request, sending XML data. |
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| 404 | * |
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| 405 | * @param string $url |
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| 406 | * @param $data |
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| 407 | * |
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| 408 | * @return bool |
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| 409 | */ |
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| 410 | public function postXML($url, $data = null) |
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| 414 | |||
| 415 | /** |
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| 416 | * Get the redirect target location of an URL, or null if not a redirect. |
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| 417 | * |
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| 418 | * @param string $url |
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| 419 | * @param array $query |
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| 420 | * |
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| 421 | * @return string|null |
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| 422 | */ |
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| 423 | public function getRedirectLocation($url, $query = []) |
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| 439 | |||
| 440 | /** |
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| 441 | * @param class $className |
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| 442 | * @param array ...$params |
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| 443 | * @return mixed |
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| 444 | */ |
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| 445 | public function make($className, ...$params) |
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| 449 | |||
| 450 | /** |
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| 451 | * Generate a client exception. |
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| 452 | * |
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| 453 | * @param HttpClientErrorException $exception |
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| 454 | * @return RequestFailed |
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| 455 | */ |
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| 456 | protected function parseClientError(HttpClientErrorException $exception) |
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| 496 | } |
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| 497 |
In PHP it is possible to write to properties without declaring them. For example, the following is perfectly valid PHP code:
Generally, it is a good practice to explictly declare properties to avoid accidental typos and provide IDE auto-completion: