Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like View often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use View, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
1 | <?php |
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56 | class View extends Object { |
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57 | |||
58 | /** |
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59 | * Helpers collection |
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60 | * |
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61 | * @var HelperCollection |
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62 | */ |
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63 | public $Helpers; |
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64 | |||
65 | /** |
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66 | * ViewBlock instance. |
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67 | * |
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68 | * @var ViewBlock |
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69 | */ |
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70 | public $Blocks; |
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71 | |||
72 | /** |
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73 | * Name of the plugin. |
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74 | * |
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75 | * @link http://manual.cakephp.org/chapter/plugins |
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76 | * @var string |
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77 | */ |
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78 | public $plugin = null; |
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79 | |||
80 | /** |
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81 | * Name of the controller. |
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82 | * |
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83 | * @var string Name of controller |
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84 | */ |
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85 | public $name = null; |
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86 | |||
87 | /** |
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88 | * Current passed params |
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89 | * |
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90 | * @var mixed |
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91 | */ |
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92 | public $passedArgs = array(); |
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93 | |||
94 | /** |
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95 | * An array of names of built-in helpers to include. |
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96 | * |
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97 | * @var mixed A single name as a string or a list of names as an array. |
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98 | */ |
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99 | public $helpers = array(); |
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100 | |||
101 | /** |
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102 | * Path to View. |
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103 | * |
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104 | * @var string Path to View |
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105 | */ |
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106 | public $viewPath = null; |
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107 | |||
108 | /** |
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109 | * Variables for the view |
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110 | * |
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111 | * @var array |
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112 | */ |
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113 | public $viewVars = array(); |
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114 | |||
115 | /** |
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116 | * Name of view to use with this View. |
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117 | * |
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118 | * @var string |
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119 | */ |
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120 | public $view = null; |
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121 | |||
122 | /** |
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123 | * Name of layout to use with this View. |
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124 | * |
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125 | * @var string |
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126 | */ |
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127 | public $layout = 'default'; |
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128 | |||
129 | /** |
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130 | * Path to Layout. |
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131 | * |
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132 | * @var string Path to Layout |
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133 | */ |
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134 | public $layoutPath = null; |
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135 | |||
136 | /** |
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137 | * Turns on or off CakePHP's conventional mode of applying layout files. On by default. |
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138 | * Setting to off means that layouts will not be automatically applied to rendered views. |
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139 | * |
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140 | * @var boolean |
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141 | */ |
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142 | public $autoLayout = true; |
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143 | |||
144 | /** |
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145 | * File extension. Defaults to CakePHP's template ".ctp". |
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146 | * |
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147 | * @var string |
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148 | */ |
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149 | public $ext = '.ctp'; |
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150 | |||
151 | /** |
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152 | * Sub-directory for this view file. This is often used for extension based routing. |
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153 | * Eg. With an `xml` extension, $subDir would be `xml/` |
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154 | * |
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155 | * @var string |
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156 | */ |
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157 | public $subDir = null; |
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158 | |||
159 | /** |
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160 | * Theme name. |
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161 | * |
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162 | * @var string |
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163 | */ |
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164 | public $theme = null; |
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165 | |||
166 | /** |
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167 | * Used to define methods a controller that will be cached. |
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168 | * |
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169 | * @see Controller::$cacheAction |
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170 | * @var mixed |
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171 | */ |
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172 | public $cacheAction = false; |
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173 | |||
174 | /** |
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175 | * Holds current errors for the model validation. |
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176 | * |
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177 | * @var array |
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178 | */ |
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179 | public $validationErrors = array(); |
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180 | |||
181 | /** |
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182 | * True when the view has been rendered. |
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183 | * |
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184 | * @var boolean |
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185 | */ |
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186 | public $hasRendered = false; |
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187 | |||
188 | /** |
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189 | * List of generated DOM UUIDs. |
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190 | * |
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191 | * @var array |
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192 | */ |
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193 | public $uuids = array(); |
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194 | |||
195 | /** |
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196 | * An instance of a CakeRequest object that contains information about the current request. |
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197 | * This object contains all the information about a request and several methods for reading |
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198 | * additional information about the request. |
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199 | * |
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200 | * @var CakeRequest |
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201 | */ |
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202 | public $request; |
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203 | |||
204 | /** |
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205 | * Reference to the Response object |
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206 | * |
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207 | * @var CakeResponse |
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208 | */ |
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209 | public $response; |
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210 | |||
211 | /** |
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212 | * The Cache configuration View will use to store cached elements. Changing this will change |
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213 | * the default configuration elements are stored under. You can also choose a cache config |
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214 | * per element. |
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215 | * |
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216 | * @var string |
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217 | * @see View::element() |
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218 | */ |
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219 | public $elementCache = 'default'; |
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220 | |||
221 | /** |
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222 | * Element cache settings |
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223 | * |
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224 | * @var array |
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225 | * @see View::_elementCache(); |
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226 | * @see View::_renderElement |
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227 | */ |
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228 | public $elementCacheSettings = array(); |
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229 | |||
230 | /** |
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231 | * List of variables to collect from the associated controller. |
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232 | * |
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233 | * @var array |
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234 | */ |
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235 | protected $_passedVars = array( |
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236 | 'viewVars', 'autoLayout', 'ext', 'helpers', 'view', 'layout', 'name', 'theme', |
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237 | 'layoutPath', 'viewPath', 'request', 'plugin', 'passedArgs', 'cacheAction' |
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238 | ); |
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239 | |||
240 | /** |
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241 | * Scripts (and/or other <head /> tags) for the layout. |
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242 | * |
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243 | * @var array |
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244 | */ |
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245 | protected $_scripts = array(); |
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246 | |||
247 | /** |
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248 | * Holds an array of paths. |
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249 | * |
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250 | * @var array |
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251 | */ |
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252 | protected $_paths = array(); |
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253 | |||
254 | /** |
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255 | * The names of views and their parents used with View::extend(); |
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256 | * |
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257 | * @var array |
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258 | */ |
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259 | protected $_parents = array(); |
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260 | |||
261 | /** |
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262 | * The currently rendering view file. Used for resolving parent files. |
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263 | * |
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264 | * @var string |
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265 | */ |
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266 | protected $_current = null; |
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267 | |||
268 | /** |
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269 | * Currently rendering an element. Used for finding parent fragments |
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270 | * for elements. |
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271 | * |
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272 | * @var string |
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273 | */ |
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274 | protected $_currentType = ''; |
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275 | |||
276 | /** |
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277 | * Content stack, used for nested templates that all use View::extend(); |
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278 | * |
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279 | * @var array |
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280 | */ |
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281 | protected $_stack = array(); |
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282 | |||
283 | /** |
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284 | * Instance of the CakeEventManager this View object is using |
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285 | * to dispatch inner events. Usually the manager is shared with |
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286 | * the controller, so it it possible to register view events in |
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287 | * the controller layer. |
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288 | * |
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289 | * @var CakeEventManager |
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290 | */ |
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291 | protected $_eventManager = null; |
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292 | |||
293 | /** |
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294 | * Whether the event manager was already configured for this object |
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295 | * |
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296 | * @var boolean |
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297 | */ |
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298 | protected $_eventManagerConfigured = false; |
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299 | |||
300 | /** |
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301 | * Constant for view file type 'view' |
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302 | * |
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303 | * @var string |
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304 | */ |
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305 | const TYPE_VIEW = 'view'; |
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306 | |||
307 | /** |
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308 | * Constant for view file type 'element' |
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309 | * |
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310 | * @var string |
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311 | */ |
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312 | const TYPE_ELEMENT = 'element'; |
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313 | |||
314 | /** |
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315 | * Constant for view file type 'layout' |
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316 | * |
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317 | * @var string |
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318 | */ |
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319 | const TYPE_LAYOUT = 'layout'; |
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320 | |||
321 | /** |
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322 | * Constructor |
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323 | * |
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324 | * @param Controller $controller A controller object to pull View::_passedVars from. |
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325 | */ |
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326 | public function __construct(Controller $controller = null) { |
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350 | |||
351 | /** |
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352 | * Returns the CakeEventManager manager instance that is handling any callbacks. |
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353 | * You can use this instance to register any new listeners or callbacks to the |
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354 | * controller events, or create your own events and trigger them at will. |
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355 | * |
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356 | * @return CakeEventManager |
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357 | */ |
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358 | View Code Duplication | public function getEventManager() { |
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368 | |||
369 | /** |
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370 | * Renders a piece of PHP with provided parameters and returns HTML, XML, or any other string. |
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371 | * |
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372 | * This realizes the concept of Elements, (or "partial layouts") and the $params array is used to send |
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373 | * data to be used in the element. Elements can be cached improving performance by using the `cache` option. |
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374 | * |
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375 | * @param string $name Name of template file in the/app/View/Elements/ folder, |
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376 | * or `MyPlugin.template` to use the template element from MyPlugin. If the element |
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377 | * is not found in the plugin, the normal view path cascade will be searched. |
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378 | * @param array $data Array of data to be made available to the rendered view (i.e. the Element) |
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379 | * @param array $options Array of options. Possible keys are: |
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380 | * - `cache` - Can either be `true`, to enable caching using the config in View::$elementCache. Or an array |
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381 | * If an array, the following keys can be used: |
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382 | * - `config` - Used to store the cached element in a custom cache configuration. |
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383 | * - `key` - Used to define the key used in the Cache::write(). It will be prefixed with `element_` |
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384 | * - `plugin` - Load an element from a specific plugin. This option is deprecated, see below. |
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385 | * - `callbacks` - Set to true to fire beforeRender and afterRender helper callbacks for this element. |
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386 | * Defaults to false. |
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387 | * - `ignoreMissing` - Used to allow missing elements. Set to true to not trigger notices. |
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388 | * @return string Rendered Element |
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389 | * @deprecated The `$options['plugin']` is deprecated and will be removed in CakePHP 3.0. Use |
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390 | * `Plugin.element_name` instead. |
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391 | */ |
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392 | public function element($name, $data = array(), $options = array()) { |
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422 | |||
423 | /** |
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424 | * Checks if an element exists |
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425 | * |
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426 | * @param string $name Name of template file in the /app/View/Elements/ folder, |
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427 | * or `MyPlugin.template` to check the template element from MyPlugin. If the element |
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428 | * is not found in the plugin, the normal view path cascade will be searched. |
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429 | * @return boolean Success |
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430 | */ |
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431 | public function elementExists($name) { |
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434 | |||
435 | /** |
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436 | * Renders view for given view file and layout. |
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437 | * |
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438 | * Render triggers helper callbacks, which are fired before and after the view are rendered, |
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439 | * as well as before and after the layout. The helper callbacks are called: |
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440 | * |
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441 | * - `beforeRender` |
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442 | * - `afterRender` |
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443 | * - `beforeLayout` |
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444 | * - `afterLayout` |
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445 | * |
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446 | * If View::$autoRender is false and no `$layout` is provided, the view will be returned bare. |
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447 | * |
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448 | * View and layout names can point to plugin views/layouts. Using the `Plugin.view` syntax |
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449 | * a plugin view/layout can be used instead of the app ones. If the chosen plugin is not found |
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450 | * the view will be located along the regular view path cascade. |
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451 | * |
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452 | * @param string $view Name of view file to use |
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453 | * @param string $layout Layout to use. |
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454 | * @return string|null Rendered content or null if content already rendered and returned earlier. |
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455 | * @throws CakeException If there is an error in the view. |
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456 | */ |
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457 | public function render($view = null, $layout = null) { |
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479 | |||
480 | /** |
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481 | * Renders a layout. Returns output from _render(). Returns false on error. |
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482 | * Several variables are created for use in layout. |
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483 | * |
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484 | * - `title_for_layout` - A backwards compatible place holder, you should set this value if you want more control. |
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485 | * - `content_for_layout` - contains rendered view file |
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486 | * - `scripts_for_layout` - Contains content added with addScript() as well as any content in |
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487 | * the 'meta', 'css', and 'script' blocks. They are appended in that order. |
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488 | * |
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489 | * Deprecated features: |
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490 | * |
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491 | * - `$scripts_for_layout` is deprecated and will be removed in CakePHP 3.0. |
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492 | * Use the block features instead. `meta`, `css` and `script` will be populated |
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493 | * by the matching methods on HtmlHelper. |
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494 | * - `$title_for_layout` is deprecated and will be removed in CakePHP 3.0 |
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495 | * - `$content_for_layout` is deprecated and will be removed in CakePHP 3.0. |
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496 | * Use the `content` block instead. |
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497 | * |
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498 | * @param string $content Content to render in a view, wrapped by the surrounding layout. |
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499 | * @param string $layout Layout name |
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500 | * @return mixed Rendered output, or false on error |
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501 | * @throws CakeException if there is an error in the view. |
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502 | */ |
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503 | public function renderLayout($content, $layout = null) { |
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534 | |||
535 | /** |
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536 | * Render cached view. Works in concert with CacheHelper and Dispatcher to |
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537 | * render cached view files. |
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538 | * |
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539 | * @param string $filename the cache file to include |
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540 | * @param string $timeStart the page render start time |
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541 | * @return boolean Success of rendering the cached file. |
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542 | */ |
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543 | public function renderCache($filename, $timeStart) { |
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565 | |||
566 | /** |
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567 | * Returns a list of variables available in the current View context |
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568 | * |
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569 | * @return array Array of the set view variable names. |
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570 | */ |
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571 | public function getVars() { |
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574 | |||
575 | /** |
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576 | * Returns the contents of the given View variable(s) |
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577 | * |
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578 | * @param string $var The view var you want the contents of. |
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579 | * @return mixed The content of the named var if its set, otherwise null. |
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580 | * @deprecated Will be removed in 3.0. Use View::get() instead. |
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581 | */ |
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582 | public function getVar($var) { |
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585 | |||
586 | /** |
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587 | * Returns the contents of the given View variable or a block. |
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588 | * Blocks are checked before view variables. |
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589 | * |
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590 | * @param string $var The view var you want the contents of. |
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591 | * @return mixed The content of the named var if its set, otherwise null. |
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592 | */ |
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593 | public function get($var) { |
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599 | |||
600 | /** |
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601 | * Get the names of all the existing blocks. |
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602 | * |
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603 | * @return array An array containing the blocks. |
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604 | * @see ViewBlock::keys() |
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605 | */ |
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606 | public function blocks() { |
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609 | |||
610 | /** |
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611 | * Start capturing output for a 'block' |
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612 | * |
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613 | * @param string $name The name of the block to capture for. |
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614 | * @return void |
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615 | * @see ViewBlock::start() |
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616 | */ |
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617 | public function start($name) { |
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620 | |||
621 | /** |
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622 | * Start capturing output for a 'block' if it has no content |
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623 | * |
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624 | * @param string $name The name of the block to capture for. |
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625 | * @return void |
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626 | * @see ViewBlock::startIfEmpty() |
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627 | */ |
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628 | public function startIfEmpty($name) { |
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631 | |||
632 | /** |
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633 | * Append to an existing or new block. Appending to a new |
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634 | * block will create the block. |
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635 | * |
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636 | * @param string $name Name of the block |
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637 | * @param mixed $value The content for the block. |
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638 | * @return void |
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639 | * @see ViewBlock::concat() |
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640 | */ |
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641 | public function append($name, $value = null) { |
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644 | |||
645 | /** |
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646 | * Prepend to an existing or new block. Prepending to a new |
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647 | * block will create the block. |
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648 | * |
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649 | * @param string $name Name of the block |
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650 | * @param mixed $value The content for the block. |
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651 | * @return void |
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652 | * @see ViewBlock::concat() |
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653 | */ |
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654 | public function prepend($name, $value = null) { |
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657 | |||
658 | /** |
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659 | * Set the content for a block. This will overwrite any |
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660 | * existing content. |
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661 | * |
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662 | * @param string $name Name of the block |
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663 | * @param mixed $value The content for the block. |
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664 | * @return void |
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665 | * @see ViewBlock::set() |
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666 | */ |
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667 | public function assign($name, $value) { |
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670 | |||
671 | /** |
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672 | * Fetch the content for a block. If a block is |
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673 | * empty or undefined '' will be returned. |
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674 | * |
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675 | * @param string $name Name of the block |
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676 | * @param string $default Default text |
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677 | * @return string $default The block content or $default if the block does not exist. |
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678 | * @see ViewBlock::get() |
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679 | */ |
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680 | public function fetch($name, $default = '') { |
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683 | |||
684 | /** |
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685 | * End a capturing block. The compliment to View::start() |
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686 | * |
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687 | * @return void |
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688 | * @see ViewBlock::end() |
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689 | */ |
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690 | public function end() { |
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693 | |||
694 | /** |
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695 | * Provides view or element extension/inheritance. Views can extends a |
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696 | * parent view and populate blocks in the parent template. |
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697 | * |
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698 | * @param string $name The view or element to 'extend' the current one with. |
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699 | * @return void |
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700 | * @throws LogicException when you extend a view with itself or make extend loops. |
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701 | * @throws LogicException when you extend an element which doesn't exist |
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702 | */ |
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703 | public function extend($name) { |
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737 | |||
738 | /** |
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739 | * Adds a script block or other element to be inserted in $scripts_for_layout in |
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740 | * the `<head />` of a document layout |
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741 | * |
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742 | * @param string $name Either the key name for the script, or the script content. Name can be used to |
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743 | * update/replace a script element. |
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744 | * @param string $content The content of the script being added, optional. |
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745 | * @return void |
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746 | * @deprecated Will be removed in 3.0. Superseded by blocks functionality. |
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747 | * @see View::start() |
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748 | */ |
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749 | public function addScript($name, $content = null) { |
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758 | |||
759 | /** |
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760 | * Generates a unique, non-random DOM ID for an object, based on the object type and the target URL. |
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761 | * |
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762 | * @param string $object Type of object, i.e. 'form' or 'link' |
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763 | * @param string $url The object's target URL |
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764 | * @return string |
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765 | */ |
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766 | public function uuid($object, $url) { |
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777 | |||
778 | /** |
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779 | * Allows a template or element to set a variable that will be available in |
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780 | * a layout or other element. Analogous to Controller::set(). |
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781 | * |
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782 | * @param string|array $one A string or an array of data. |
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783 | * @param string|array $two Value in case $one is a string (which then works as the key). |
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784 | * Unused if $one is an associative array, otherwise serves as the values to $one's keys. |
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785 | * @return void |
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786 | */ |
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787 | View Code Duplication | public function set($one, $two = null) { |
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803 | |||
804 | /** |
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805 | * Magic accessor for helpers. Provides access to attributes that were deprecated. |
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806 | * |
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807 | * @param string $name Name of the attribute to get. |
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808 | * @return mixed |
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809 | */ |
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810 | public function __get($name) { |
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830 | |||
831 | /** |
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832 | * Magic accessor for deprecated attributes. |
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833 | * |
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834 | * @param string $name Name of the attribute to set. |
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835 | * @param mixed $value Value of the attribute to set. |
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836 | * @return mixed |
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837 | */ |
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838 | public function __set($name, $value) { |
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846 | |||
847 | /** |
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848 | * Magic isset check for deprecated attributes. |
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849 | * |
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850 | * @param string $name Name of the attribute to check. |
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851 | * @return boolean |
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852 | */ |
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853 | public function __isset($name) { |
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863 | |||
864 | /** |
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865 | * Interact with the HelperCollection to load all the helpers. |
||
866 | * |
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867 | * @return void |
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868 | */ |
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869 | public function loadHelpers() { |
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876 | |||
877 | /** |
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878 | * Renders and returns output for given view filename with its |
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879 | * array of data. Handles parent/extended views. |
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880 | * |
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881 | * @param string $viewFile Filename of the view |
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882 | * @param array $data Data to include in rendered view. If empty the current View::$viewVars will be used. |
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883 | * @return string Rendered output |
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884 | * @throws CakeException when a block is left open. |
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885 | */ |
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886 | protected function _render($viewFile, $data = array()) { |
||
921 | |||
922 | /** |
||
923 | * Sandbox method to evaluate a template / view script in. |
||
924 | * |
||
925 | * @param string $viewFn Filename of the view |
||
926 | * @param array $dataForView Data to include in rendered view. |
||
927 | * If empty the current View::$viewVars will be used. |
||
928 | * @return string Rendered output |
||
929 | */ |
||
930 | protected function _evaluate($viewFile, $dataForView) { |
||
940 | |||
941 | /** |
||
942 | * Loads a helper. Delegates to the `HelperCollection::load()` to load the helper |
||
943 | * |
||
944 | * @param string $helperName Name of the helper to load. |
||
945 | * @param array $settings Settings for the helper |
||
946 | * @return Helper a constructed helper object. |
||
947 | * @see HelperCollection::load() |
||
948 | */ |
||
949 | public function loadHelper($helperName, $settings = array()) { |
||
952 | |||
953 | /** |
||
954 | * Returns filename of given action's template file (.ctp) as a string. |
||
955 | * CamelCased action names will be under_scored! This means that you can have |
||
956 | * LongActionNames that refer to long_action_names.ctp views. |
||
957 | * |
||
958 | * @param string $name Controller action to find template filename for |
||
959 | * @return string Template filename |
||
960 | * @throws MissingViewException when a view file could not be found. |
||
961 | */ |
||
962 | protected function _getViewFileName($name = null) { |
||
1011 | |||
1012 | /** |
||
1013 | * Splits a dot syntax plugin name into its plugin and filename. |
||
1014 | * If $name does not have a dot, then index 0 will be null. |
||
1015 | * It checks if the plugin is loaded, else filename will stay unchanged for filenames containing dot |
||
1016 | * |
||
1017 | * @param string $name The name you want to plugin split. |
||
1018 | * @param boolean $fallback If true uses the plugin set in the current CakeRequest when parsed plugin is not loaded |
||
1019 | * @return array Array with 2 indexes. 0 => plugin name, 1 => filename |
||
1020 | */ |
||
1021 | public function pluginSplit($name, $fallback = true) { |
||
1033 | |||
1034 | /** |
||
1035 | * Returns layout filename for this template as a string. |
||
1036 | * |
||
1037 | * @param string $name The name of the layout to find. |
||
1038 | * @return string Filename for layout file (.ctp). |
||
1039 | * @throws MissingLayoutException when a layout cannot be located |
||
1040 | */ |
||
1041 | protected function _getLayoutFileName($name = null) { |
||
1064 | |||
1065 | /** |
||
1066 | * Get the extensions that view files can use. |
||
1067 | * |
||
1068 | * @return array Array of extensions view files use. |
||
1069 | */ |
||
1070 | protected function _getExtensions() { |
||
1077 | |||
1078 | /** |
||
1079 | * Finds an element filename, returns false on failure. |
||
1080 | * |
||
1081 | * @param string $name The name of the element to find. |
||
1082 | * @return mixed Either a string to the element filename or false when one can't be found. |
||
1083 | */ |
||
1084 | protected function _getElementFileName($name) { |
||
1098 | |||
1099 | /** |
||
1100 | * Return all possible paths to find view files in order |
||
1101 | * |
||
1102 | * @param string $plugin Optional plugin name to scan for view files. |
||
1103 | * @param boolean $cached Set to false to force a refresh of view paths. Default true. |
||
1104 | * @return array paths |
||
1105 | */ |
||
1106 | protected function _paths($plugin = null, $cached = true) { |
||
1144 | |||
1145 | /** |
||
1146 | * Checks if an element is cached and returns the cached data if present |
||
1147 | * |
||
1148 | * @param string $name Element name |
||
1149 | * @param string $data Data |
||
1150 | * @param array $options Element options |
||
1151 | * @return string|null |
||
1152 | */ |
||
1153 | protected function _elementCache($name, $data, $options) { |
||
1176 | |||
1177 | /** |
||
1178 | * Renders an element and fires the before and afterRender callbacks for it |
||
1179 | * and writes to the cache if a cache is used |
||
1180 | * |
||
1181 | * @param string $file Element file path |
||
1182 | * @param array $data Data to render |
||
1183 | * @param array $options Element options |
||
1184 | * @return string |
||
1185 | */ |
||
1186 | protected function _renderElement($file, $data, $options) { |
||
1208 | } |
||
1209 |
In PHP, under loose comparison (like
==
, or!=
, orswitch
conditions), values of different types might be equal.For
string
values, the empty string''
is a special case, in particular the following results might be unexpected: