Complex classes like BuildsQueries often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use BuildsQueries, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php  | 
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| 9 | trait BuildsQueries  | 
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| 10 | { | 
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| 11 | /**  | 
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| 12 | * Set the columns to be selected.  | 
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| 13 | *  | 
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| 14 | * @param array|mixed $columns  | 
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| 15 | * @return $this  | 
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| 16 | */  | 
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| 17 | 1 | public function select($columns = ['*'])  | 
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| 23 | |||
| 24 | /**  | 
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| 25 | * Add a new "raw" select expression to the query.  | 
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| 26 | *  | 
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| 27 | * @param string $expression  | 
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| 28 | * @param array $bindings  | 
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| 29 | * @return $this  | 
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| 30 | */  | 
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| 31 | 1 | public function selectRaw($expression, array $bindings = [])  | 
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| 37 | |||
| 38 | /**  | 
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| 39 | * Add a subselect expression to the query.  | 
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| 40 | *  | 
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| 41 | * @param \Closure|\Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder|string $query  | 
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| 42 | * @param string $as  | 
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| 43 | * @return $this  | 
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| 44 | *  | 
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| 45 | * @throws \InvalidArgumentException  | 
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| 46 | */  | 
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| 47 | 1 | public function selectSub($query, $as)  | 
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| 53 | |||
| 54 | /**  | 
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| 55 | * Add a new select column to the query.  | 
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| 56 | *  | 
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| 57 | * @param array|mixed $column  | 
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| 58 | * @return $this  | 
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| 59 | */  | 
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| 60 | 1 | public function addSelect($column)  | 
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| 66 | |||
| 67 | /**  | 
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| 68 | * Force the query to only return distinct results.  | 
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| 69 | *  | 
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| 70 | * @return $this  | 
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| 71 | */  | 
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| 72 | 1 | public function distinct()  | 
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| 78 | |||
| 79 | /**  | 
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| 80 | * Set the table which the query is targeting.  | 
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| 81 | *  | 
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| 82 | * @param string $table  | 
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| 83 | * @return $this  | 
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| 84 | */  | 
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| 85 | 1 | public function from($table)  | 
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| 91 | |||
| 92 | /**  | 
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| 93 | * Add a join clause to the query.  | 
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| 94 | *  | 
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| 95 | * @param string $table  | 
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| 96 | * @param string $first  | 
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| 97 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 98 | * @param string $second  | 
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| 99 | * @param string $type  | 
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| 100 | * @param bool $where  | 
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| 101 | * @return $this  | 
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| 102 | */  | 
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| 103 | 1 | public function join($table, $first, $operator = null, $second = null, $type = 'inner', $where = false)  | 
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| 109 | |||
| 110 | /**  | 
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| 111 | * Add a "join where" clause to the query.  | 
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| 112 | *  | 
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| 113 | * @param string $table  | 
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| 114 | * @param string $first  | 
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| 115 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 116 | * @param string $second  | 
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| 117 | * @param string $type  | 
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| 118 | * @return $this  | 
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| 119 | */  | 
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| 120 | 1 | public function joinWhere($table, $first, $operator, $second, $type = 'inner')  | 
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| 126 | |||
| 127 | /**  | 
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| 128 | * Add a left join to the query.  | 
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| 129 | *  | 
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| 130 | * @param string $table  | 
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| 131 | * @param string $first  | 
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| 132 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 133 | * @param string $second  | 
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| 134 | * @return $this  | 
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| 135 | */  | 
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| 136 | 1 | public function leftJoin($table, $first, $operator = null, $second = null)  | 
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| 142 | |||
| 143 | /**  | 
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| 144 | * Add a "join where" clause to the query.  | 
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| 145 | *  | 
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| 146 | * @param string $table  | 
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| 147 | * @param string $first  | 
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| 148 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 149 | * @param string $second  | 
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| 150 | * @return $this  | 
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| 151 | */  | 
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| 152 | 1 | public function leftJoinWhere($table, $first, $operator, $second)  | 
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| 158 | |||
| 159 | /**  | 
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| 160 | * Add a right join to the query.  | 
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| 161 | *  | 
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| 162 | * @param string $table  | 
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| 163 | * @param string $first  | 
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| 164 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 165 | * @param string $second  | 
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| 166 | * @return $this  | 
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| 167 | */  | 
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| 168 | 1 | public function rightJoin($table, $first, $operator = null, $second = null)  | 
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| 174 | |||
| 175 | /**  | 
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| 176 | * Add a "right join where" clause to the query.  | 
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| 177 | *  | 
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| 178 | * @param string $table  | 
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| 179 | * @param string $first  | 
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| 180 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 181 | * @param string $second  | 
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| 182 | * @return $this  | 
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| 183 | */  | 
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| 184 | 1 | public function rightJoinWhere($table, $first, $operator, $second)  | 
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| 190 | |||
| 191 | /**  | 
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| 192 | * Add a "cross join" clause to the query.  | 
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| 193 | *  | 
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| 194 | * @param string $table  | 
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| 195 | * @param string $first  | 
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| 196 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 197 | * @param string $second  | 
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| 198 | * @return $this  | 
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| 199 | */  | 
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| 200 | 1 | public function crossJoin($table, $first = null, $operator = null, $second = null)  | 
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| 206 | |||
| 207 | /**  | 
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| 208 | * Merge an array of where clauses and bindings.  | 
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| 209 | *  | 
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| 210 | * @param array $wheres  | 
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| 211 | * @param array $bindings  | 
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| 212 | * @return void  | 
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| 213 | */  | 
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| 214 | public function mergeWheres($wheres, $bindings)  | 
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| 220 | |||
| 221 | /**  | 
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| 222 | * Pass the query to a given callback.  | 
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| 223 | *  | 
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| 224 | * @param \Closure $callback  | 
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| 225 | * @return $this  | 
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| 226 | */  | 
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| 227 | 1 | public function tap($callback)  | 
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| 233 | |||
| 234 | /**  | 
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| 235 | * Add a basic where clause to the query.  | 
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| 236 | *  | 
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| 237 | * @param string|array|\Closure $column  | 
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| 238 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 239 | * @param mixed $value  | 
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| 240 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 241 | * @return $this  | 
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| 242 | */  | 
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| 243 | 12 | public function where($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 249 | |||
| 250 | /**  | 
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| 251 | * Add an "or where" clause to the query.  | 
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| 252 | *  | 
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| 253 | * @param \Closure|string $column  | 
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| 254 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 255 | * @param mixed $value  | 
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| 256 | * @return $this  | 
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| 257 | */  | 
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| 258 | 1 | public function orWhere($column, $operator = null, $value = null)  | 
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| 264 | |||
| 265 | /**  | 
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| 266 | * Add a "where" clause comparing two columns to the query.  | 
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| 267 | *  | 
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| 268 | * @param string|array $first  | 
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| 269 | * @param string|null $operator  | 
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| 270 | * @param string|null $second  | 
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| 271 | * @param string|null $boolean  | 
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| 272 | * @return $this  | 
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| 273 | */  | 
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| 274 | 1 | public function whereColumn($first, $operator = null, $second = null, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 280 | |||
| 281 | /**  | 
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| 282 | * Add an "or where" clause comparing two columns to the query.  | 
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| 283 | *  | 
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| 284 | * @param string|array $first  | 
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| 285 | * @param string|null $operator  | 
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| 286 | * @param string|null $second  | 
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| 287 | * @return $this  | 
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| 288 | */  | 
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| 289 | 1 | public function orWhereColumn($first, $operator = null, $second = null)  | 
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| 295 | |||
| 296 | /**  | 
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| 297 | * Add a raw where clause to the query.  | 
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| 298 | *  | 
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| 299 | * @param string $sql  | 
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| 300 | * @param mixed $bindings  | 
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| 301 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 302 | * @return $this  | 
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| 303 | */  | 
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| 304 | 1 | public function whereRaw($sql, $bindings = [], $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 310 | |||
| 311 | /**  | 
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| 312 | * Add a raw or where clause to the query.  | 
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| 313 | *  | 
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| 314 | * @param string $sql  | 
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| 315 | * @param array $bindings  | 
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| 316 | * @return $this  | 
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| 317 | */  | 
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| 318 | 1 | public function orWhereRaw($sql, array $bindings = [])  | 
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| 324 | |||
| 325 | /**  | 
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| 326 | * Add a "where in" clause to the query.  | 
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| 327 | *  | 
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| 328 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 329 | * @param mixed $values  | 
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| 330 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 331 | * @param bool $not  | 
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| 332 | * @return $this  | 
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| 333 | */  | 
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| 334 | 3 | public function whereIn($column, $values, $boolean = 'and', $not = false)  | 
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| 340 | |||
| 341 | /**  | 
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| 342 | * Add an "or where in" clause to the query.  | 
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| 343 | *  | 
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| 344 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 345 | * @param mixed $values  | 
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| 346 | * @return $this  | 
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| 347 | */  | 
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| 348 | 2 | public function orWhereIn($column, $values)  | 
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| 354 | |||
| 355 | /**  | 
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| 356 | * Add a "where not in" clause to the query.  | 
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| 357 | *  | 
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| 358 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 359 | * @param mixed $values  | 
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| 360 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 361 | * @return $this  | 
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| 362 | */  | 
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| 363 | 1 | public function whereNotIn($column, $values, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 369 | |||
| 370 | /**  | 
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| 371 | * Add an "or where not in" clause to the query.  | 
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| 372 | *  | 
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| 373 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 374 | * @param mixed $values  | 
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| 375 | * @return $this  | 
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| 376 | */  | 
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| 377 | 1 | public function orWhereNotIn($column, $values)  | 
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| 383 | |||
| 384 | /**  | 
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| 385 | * Add a "where null" clause to the query.  | 
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| 386 | *  | 
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| 387 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 388 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 389 | * @param bool $not  | 
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| 390 | * @return $this  | 
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| 391 | */  | 
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| 392 | 1 | public function whereNull($column, $boolean = 'and', $not = false)  | 
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| 398 | |||
| 399 | /**  | 
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| 400 | * Add an "or where null" clause to the query.  | 
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| 401 | *  | 
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| 402 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 403 | * @return $this  | 
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| 404 | */  | 
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| 405 | 1 | public function orWhereNull($column)  | 
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| 411 | |||
| 412 | /**  | 
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| 413 | * Add a "where not null" clause to the query.  | 
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| 414 | *  | 
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| 415 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 416 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 417 | * @return $this  | 
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| 418 | */  | 
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| 419 | 1 | public function whereNotNull($column, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 425 | |||
| 426 | /**  | 
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| 427 | * Add a where between statement to the query.  | 
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| 428 | *  | 
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| 429 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 430 | * @param array $values  | 
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| 431 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 432 | * @param bool $not  | 
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| 433 | * @return $this  | 
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| 434 | */  | 
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| 435 | 3 | public function whereBetween($column, array $values, $boolean = 'and', $not = false)  | 
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| 441 | |||
| 442 | /**  | 
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| 443 | * Add an or where between statement to the query.  | 
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| 444 | *  | 
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| 445 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 446 | * @param array $values  | 
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| 447 | * @return $this  | 
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| 448 | */  | 
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| 449 | 1 | public function orWhereBetween($column, array $values)  | 
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| 455 | |||
| 456 | /**  | 
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| 457 | * Add a where not between statement to the query.  | 
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| 458 | *  | 
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| 459 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 460 | * @param array $values  | 
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| 461 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 462 | * @return $this  | 
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| 463 | */  | 
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| 464 | 1 | public function whereNotBetween($column, array $values, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 470 | |||
| 471 | /**  | 
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| 472 | * Add an or where not between statement to the query.  | 
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| 473 | *  | 
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| 474 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 475 | * @param array $values  | 
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| 476 | * @return $this  | 
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| 477 | */  | 
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| 478 | 1 | public function orWhereNotBetween($column, array $values)  | 
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| 484 | |||
| 485 | /**  | 
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| 486 | * Add an "or where not null" clause to the query.  | 
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| 487 | *  | 
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| 488 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 489 | * @return $this  | 
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| 490 | */  | 
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| 491 | 1 | public function orWhereNotNull($column)  | 
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| 497 | |||
| 498 | /**  | 
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| 499 | * Add a "where date" statement to the query.  | 
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| 500 | *  | 
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| 501 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 502 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 503 | * @param mixed $value  | 
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| 504 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 505 | * @return $this  | 
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| 506 | */  | 
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| 507 | 1 | public function whereDate($column, $operator, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 513 | |||
| 514 | /**  | 
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| 515 | * Add an "or where date" statement to the query.  | 
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| 516 | *  | 
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| 517 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 518 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 519 | * @param string $value  | 
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| 520 | * @return $this  | 
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| 521 | */  | 
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| 522 | 1 | public function orWhereDate($column, $operator, $value)  | 
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| 528 | |||
| 529 | /**  | 
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| 530 | * Add a "where time" statement to the query.  | 
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| 531 | *  | 
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| 532 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 533 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 534 | * @param int $value  | 
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| 535 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 536 | * @return $this  | 
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| 537 | */  | 
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| 538 | 1 | public function whereTime($column, $operator, $value, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 544 | |||
| 545 | /**  | 
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| 546 | * Add an "or where time" statement to the query.  | 
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| 547 | *  | 
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| 548 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 549 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 550 | * @param int $value  | 
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| 551 | * @return $this  | 
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| 552 | */  | 
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| 553 | 1 | public function orWhereTime($column, $operator, $value)  | 
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| 559 | |||
| 560 | /**  | 
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| 561 | * Add a "where day" statement to the query.  | 
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| 562 | *  | 
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| 563 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 564 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 565 | * @param mixed $value  | 
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| 566 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 567 | * @return $this  | 
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| 568 | */  | 
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| 569 | 1 | public function whereDay($column, $operator, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 575 | |||
| 576 | /**  | 
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| 577 | * Add a "where month" statement to the query.  | 
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| 578 | *  | 
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| 579 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 580 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 581 | * @param mixed $value  | 
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| 582 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 583 | * @return $this  | 
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| 584 | */  | 
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| 585 | 1 | public function whereMonth($column, $operator, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 591 | |||
| 592 | /**  | 
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| 593 | * Add a "where year" statement to the query.  | 
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| 594 | *  | 
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| 595 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 596 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 597 | * @param mixed $value  | 
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| 598 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 599 | * @return $this  | 
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| 600 | */  | 
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| 601 | 1 | public function whereYear($column, $operator, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 607 | |||
| 608 | /**  | 
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| 609 | * Add a nested where statement to the query.  | 
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| 610 | *  | 
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| 611 | * @param \Closure $callback  | 
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| 612 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 613 | * @return $this  | 
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| 614 | */  | 
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| 615 | 1 | public function whereNested(Closure $callback, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 621 | |||
| 622 | /**  | 
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| 623 | * Add another query builder as a nested where to the query builder.  | 
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| 624 | *  | 
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| 625 | * @param $this $query  | 
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| 626 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 627 | * @return $this  | 
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| 628 | */  | 
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| 629 | 1 | public function addNestedWhereQuery($query, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 635 | |||
| 636 | /**  | 
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| 637 | * Add an exists clause to the query.  | 
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| 638 | *  | 
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| 639 | * @param \Closure $callback  | 
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| 640 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 641 | * @param bool $not  | 
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| 642 | * @return $this  | 
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| 643 | */  | 
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| 644 | 1 | public function whereExists(Closure $callback, $boolean = 'and', $not = false)  | 
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| 650 | |||
| 651 | /**  | 
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| 652 | * Add an or exists clause to the query.  | 
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| 653 | *  | 
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| 654 | * @param \Closure $callback  | 
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| 655 | * @param bool $not  | 
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| 656 | * @return $this  | 
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| 657 | */  | 
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| 658 | 1 | public function orWhereExists(Closure $callback, $not = false)  | 
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| 664 | |||
| 665 | /**  | 
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| 666 | * Add a where not exists clause to the query.  | 
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| 667 | *  | 
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| 668 | * @param \Closure $callback  | 
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| 669 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 670 | * @return $this  | 
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| 671 | */  | 
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| 672 | 1 | public function whereNotExists(Closure $callback, $boolean = 'and')  | 
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| 678 | |||
| 679 | /**  | 
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| 680 | * Add a where not exists clause to the query.  | 
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| 681 | *  | 
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| 682 | * @param \Closure $callback  | 
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| 683 | * @return $this  | 
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| 684 | */  | 
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| 685 | 1 | public function orWhereNotExists(Closure $callback)  | 
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| 691 | |||
| 692 | /**  | 
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| 693 | * Add an exists clause to the query.  | 
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| 694 | *  | 
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| 695 | * @param \Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder $query  | 
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| 696 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 697 | * @param bool $not  | 
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| 698 | * @return $this  | 
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| 699 | */  | 
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| 700 | 1 | public function addWhereExistsQuery(Builder $query, $boolean = 'and', $not = false)  | 
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| 706 | |||
| 707 | /**  | 
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| 708 | * Handles dynamic "where" clauses to the query.  | 
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| 709 | *  | 
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| 710 | * @param string $method  | 
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| 711 | * @param string $parameters  | 
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| 712 | * @return $this  | 
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| 713 | */  | 
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| 714 | 2 | public function dynamicWhere($method, $parameters)  | 
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| 720 | |||
| 721 | /**  | 
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| 722 | * Add a "group by" clause to the query.  | 
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| 723 | *  | 
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| 724 | * @param array ...$groups  | 
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| 725 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 726 | */  | 
            ||
| 727 | 1 | public function groupBy()  | 
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| 733 | |||
| 734 | /**  | 
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| 735 | * Add a "having" clause to the query.  | 
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| 736 | *  | 
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| 737 | * @param string $column  | 
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| 738 | * @param string $operator  | 
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| 739 | * @param string $value  | 
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| 740 | * @param string $boolean  | 
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| 741 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 742 | */  | 
            ||
| 743 | 1 | public function having($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')  | 
            |
| 749 | |||
| 750 | /**  | 
            ||
| 751 | * Add a "or having" clause to the query.  | 
            ||
| 752 | *  | 
            ||
| 753 | * @param string $column  | 
            ||
| 754 | * @param string $operator  | 
            ||
| 755 | * @param string $value  | 
            ||
| 756 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 757 | */  | 
            ||
| 758 | 1 | public function orHaving($column, $operator = null, $value = null)  | 
            |
| 764 | |||
| 765 | /**  | 
            ||
| 766 | * Add a raw having clause to the query.  | 
            ||
| 767 | *  | 
            ||
| 768 | * @param string $sql  | 
            ||
| 769 | * @param array $bindings  | 
            ||
| 770 | * @param string $boolean  | 
            ||
| 771 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 772 | */  | 
            ||
| 773 | 1 | public function havingRaw($sql, array $bindings = [], $boolean = 'and')  | 
            |
| 779 | |||
| 780 | /**  | 
            ||
| 781 | * Add a raw or having clause to the query.  | 
            ||
| 782 | *  | 
            ||
| 783 | * @param string $sql  | 
            ||
| 784 | * @param array $bindings  | 
            ||
| 785 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 786 | */  | 
            ||
| 787 | 1 | public function orHavingRaw($sql, array $bindings = [])  | 
            |
| 793 | |||
| 794 | /**  | 
            ||
| 795 | * Add an "order by" clause to the query.  | 
            ||
| 796 | *  | 
            ||
| 797 | * @param string $column  | 
            ||
| 798 | * @param string $direction  | 
            ||
| 799 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 800 | */  | 
            ||
| 801 | 4 | public function orderBy($column, $direction = 'asc')  | 
            |
| 807 | |||
| 808 | /**  | 
            ||
| 809 | * Add a descending "order by" clause to the query.  | 
            ||
| 810 | *  | 
            ||
| 811 | * @param string $column  | 
            ||
| 812 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 813 | */  | 
            ||
| 814 | 1 | public function orderByDesc($column)  | 
            |
| 820 | |||
| 821 | /**  | 
            ||
| 822 | * Add an "order by" clause for a timestamp to the query.  | 
            ||
| 823 | *  | 
            ||
| 824 | * @param string $column  | 
            ||
| 825 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 826 | */  | 
            ||
| 827 | 1 | public function latest($column = 'created_at')  | 
            |
| 833 | |||
| 834 | /**  | 
            ||
| 835 | * Add an "order by" clause for a timestamp to the query.  | 
            ||
| 836 | *  | 
            ||
| 837 | * @param string $column  | 
            ||
| 838 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 839 | */  | 
            ||
| 840 | 1 | public function oldest($column = 'created_at')  | 
            |
| 846 | |||
| 847 | /**  | 
            ||
| 848 | * Put the query's results in random order.  | 
            ||
| 849 | *  | 
            ||
| 850 | * @param string $seed  | 
            ||
| 851 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 852 | */  | 
            ||
| 853 | 1 | public function inRandomOrder($seed = '')  | 
            |
| 859 | |||
| 860 | /**  | 
            ||
| 861 | * Add a raw "order by" clause to the query.  | 
            ||
| 862 | *  | 
            ||
| 863 | * @param string $sql  | 
            ||
| 864 | * @param array $bindings  | 
            ||
| 865 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 866 | */  | 
            ||
| 867 | 1 | public function orderByRaw($sql, $bindings = [])  | 
            |
| 873 | |||
| 874 | /**  | 
            ||
| 875 | * Alias to set the "offset" value of the query.  | 
            ||
| 876 | *  | 
            ||
| 877 | * @param int $value  | 
            ||
| 878 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 879 | */  | 
            ||
| 880 | 1 | public function skip($value)  | 
            |
| 886 | |||
| 887 | /**  | 
            ||
| 888 | * Set the "offset" value of the query.  | 
            ||
| 889 | *  | 
            ||
| 890 | * @param int $value  | 
            ||
| 891 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 892 | */  | 
            ||
| 893 | 1 | public function offset($value)  | 
            |
| 899 | |||
| 900 | /**  | 
            ||
| 901 | * Alias to set the "limit" value of the query.  | 
            ||
| 902 | *  | 
            ||
| 903 | * @param int $value  | 
            ||
| 904 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 905 | */  | 
            ||
| 906 | 1 | public function take($value)  | 
            |
| 912 | |||
| 913 | /**  | 
            ||
| 914 | * Set the "limit" value of the query.  | 
            ||
| 915 | *  | 
            ||
| 916 | * @param int $value  | 
            ||
| 917 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 918 | */  | 
            ||
| 919 | 1 | public function limit($value)  | 
            |
| 925 | |||
| 926 | /**  | 
            ||
| 927 | * Set the limit and offset for a given page.  | 
            ||
| 928 | *  | 
            ||
| 929 | * @param int $page  | 
            ||
| 930 | * @param int $perPage  | 
            ||
| 931 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 932 | */  | 
            ||
| 933 | 1 | public function forPage($page, $perPage = 15)  | 
            |
| 939 | |||
| 940 | /**  | 
            ||
| 941 | * Constrain the query to the next "page" of results after a given ID.  | 
            ||
| 942 | *  | 
            ||
| 943 | * @param int $perPage  | 
            ||
| 944 | * @param int $lastId  | 
            ||
| 945 | * @param string $column  | 
            ||
| 946 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 947 | */  | 
            ||
| 948 | 1 | public function forPageAfterId($perPage = 15, $lastId = 0, $column = 'id')  | 
            |
| 954 | |||
| 955 | /**  | 
            ||
| 956 | * Add a union statement to the query.  | 
            ||
| 957 | *  | 
            ||
| 958 | * @param \Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder|\Closure $query  | 
            ||
| 959 | * @param bool $all  | 
            ||
| 960 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 961 | */  | 
            ||
| 962 | 1 | public function union($query, $all = false)  | 
            |
| 968 | |||
| 969 | /**  | 
            ||
| 970 | * Add a union all statement to the query.  | 
            ||
| 971 | *  | 
            ||
| 972 | * @param \Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder|\Closure $query  | 
            ||
| 973 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 974 | */  | 
            ||
| 975 | 1 | public function unionAll($query)  | 
            |
| 981 | |||
| 982 | /**  | 
            ||
| 983 | * Lock the selected rows in the table.  | 
            ||
| 984 | *  | 
            ||
| 985 | * @param string|bool $value  | 
            ||
| 986 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 987 | */  | 
            ||
| 988 | 1 | public function lock($value = true)  | 
            |
| 994 | |||
| 995 | /**  | 
            ||
| 996 | * Lock the selected rows in the table for updating.  | 
            ||
| 997 | *  | 
            ||
| 998 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 999 | */  | 
            ||
| 1000 | 1 | public function lockForUpdate()  | 
            |
| 1006 | |||
| 1007 | /**  | 
            ||
| 1008 | * Share lock the selected rows in the table.  | 
            ||
| 1009 | *  | 
            ||
| 1010 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 1011 | */  | 
            ||
| 1012 | 1 | public function sharedLock()  | 
            |
| 1018 | |||
| 1019 | /**  | 
            ||
| 1020 | * Apply the callback's query changes if the given "value" is true.  | 
            ||
| 1021 | *  | 
            ||
| 1022 | * @param mixed $value  | 
            ||
| 1023 | * @param callable $callback  | 
            ||
| 1024 | * @param callable $default  | 
            ||
| 1025 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 1026 | */  | 
            ||
| 1027 | 1 | public function when($value, $callback, $default = null)  | 
            |
| 1033 | |||
| 1034 | /**  | 
            ||
| 1035 | * Apply the callback's query changes if the given "value" is false.  | 
            ||
| 1036 | *  | 
            ||
| 1037 | * @param mixed $value  | 
            ||
| 1038 | * @param callable $callback  | 
            ||
| 1039 | * @param callable $default  | 
            ||
| 1040 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 1041 | */  | 
            ||
| 1042 | 1 | public function unless($value, $callback, $default = null)  | 
            |
| 1048 | |||
| 1049 | /**  | 
            ||
| 1050 | * Use the write pdo for query.  | 
            ||
| 1051 | *  | 
            ||
| 1052 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 1053 | */  | 
            ||
| 1054 | 2 | public function useWritePdo()  | 
            |
| 1060 | }  | 
            ||
| 1061 | 
In PHP it is possible to write to properties without declaring them. For example, the following is perfectly valid PHP code:
Generally, it is a good practice to explictly declare properties to avoid accidental typos and provide IDE auto-completion: