zipline.pipeline.loaders.blaze.ffill_query_in_range() - Code Metrics - Inspection of "MAINT: Move code to shared modules" - quantopian/zipline - Measure and Improve Code Quality continuously with Scrutinizer

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Pull Request — master (#940)

by Joe
created 2016-01-08 18:03 UTC
zipline.pipeline.loaders.blaze.ffill_query_in_range() A

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"""Blaze integration with the Pipeline API.

For an overview of the blaze project, see blaze.pydata.org

The blaze loader for the Pipeline API is designed to allow us to load
data from arbitrary sources as long as we can execute the needed expressions
against the data with blaze.

Data Format
-----------

The blaze Pipeline API loader expects that data is formatted in a tabular way.
The only required column in your table is ``asof_date`` where this column
represents the date this data is referencing. For example, one might have a CSV
like:

asof_date,value
2014-01-06,0
2014-01-07,1
2014-01-08,2

This says that the value on 2014-01-01 was 0 and so on.

Optionally, we may provide a ``timestamp`` column to be used to represent
point in time data. This column tells us when the data was known, or became
available to for use. Using our same CSV, we could write this with a timestamp
like:

asof_date,timestamp,value
2014-01-06,2014-01-07,0
2014-01-07,2014-01-08,1
2014-01-08,2014-01-09,2

This says that the value was 0 on 2014-01-01; however, we did not learn this
until 2014-01-02. This is useful for avoiding look-ahead bias in your
pipelines. If this column does not exist, the ``asof_date`` column will be used
instead.

If your data references a particular asset, you can add a ``sid`` column to
your dataset to represent this. For example:

asof_date,value,sid
2014-01-06,0,10
2014-01-06,1,20
2014-01-07,1,10
2014-01-07,2,20
2014-01-08,2,10
2014-01-08,3,20

This says that on 2014-01-01, the asset with id 10 had a value of 0, and the
asset with id 20 had a value of 1.


One of the key features of the Pipeline API is the handling of adjustments and
restatements. Often our data will be amended after the fact and we would like
to trade on the newest information; however, we do not want to introduce this
knowledge to our model too early. The blaze loader handles this case by
accepting a second ``deltas`` expression that contains all of the restatements
in the original expression.

For example, let's use our table from above:

asof_date,value
2014-01-06,0
2014-01-07,1
2014-01-08,2

Imagine that on the fourth the vendor realized that the calculation was
incorrect and the value on the first was actually -1. Then, on the fifth, they
realized that the value for the third was actually 3. We can construct a
``deltas`` expression to pass to our blaze loader that has the same shape as
our baseline table but only contains these new values like:

asof_date,timestamp,value
2014-01-06,2014-01-09,-1
2014-01-08,2014-01-10,3

This shows that we learned on the fourth that the value on the first was
actually -1 and that we learned on the fifth that the value on the third was
actually 3. By pulling our data into these two tables and not silently updating
our original table we can run our pipelines using the information we would
have had on that day, and we can prevent lookahead bias in the pipelines.

Conversion from Blaze to the Pipeline API
-----------------------------------------

Now that our data is structured in the way that the blaze loader expects, we
are ready to convert our blaze expressions into Pipeline API objects.

This module (zipline.pipeline.loaders.blaze) exports a function called
``from_blaze`` which performs this mapping.

The expression that you are trying to convert must either be tabular or
array-like. This means the ``dshape`` must be like:

``Dim * {A: B}`` or ``Dim * A``.

This represents an expression of dimension 1 which may be fixed or variable,
whose measure is either some record or a scalar.

The record case defines the entire table with all of the columns, this maps the
blaze expression into a pipeline DataSet. This dataset will have a column for
each field of the record. Some datashape types cannot be coerced into Pipeline
API compatible types and in that case, a column cannot be constructed.
Currently any numeric type that may be promoted to a float64 is compatible with
the Pipeline API.

The scalar case defines a single column pulled out a table. For example, let
``expr = bz.symbol('s', 'var * {field: int32, asof_date: datetime}')``.
When we pass ``expr.field`` to ``from_blaze``, we will walk back up the
expression tree until we find the table that ``field`` is defined on. We will
then proceed with the record case to construct a dataset; however, before
returning the dataset we will pull out only the column that was passed in.

For full documentation, see ``help(from_blaze)`` or ``from_blaze?`` in IPython.

Using our Pipeline DataSets and Columns
---------------------------------------

Once we have mapped our blaze expressions into Pipeline API objects, we may
use them just like any other datasets or columns. For more information on how
to run a pipeline or using the Pipeline API, see:
www.quantopian.com/help#pipeline-api
"""
from __future__ import division, absolute_import

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractproperty
from collections import namedtuple, defaultdict
from copy import copy
from functools import partial
from itertools import count
import warnings
from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary

import blaze as bz
from datashape import (
    Date,
    DateTime,
    Option,
    float64,
    isrecord,
    isscalar,
    promote,
)
from odo import odo
import pandas as pd
from toolz import (
    complement,
    compose,
    concat,
    flip,
    groupby,
    identity,
    memoize,
)
import toolz.curried.operator as op
from six import with_metaclass, PY2, itervalues, iteritems


from zipline.pipeline.data.dataset import DataSet, Column
from zipline.lib.adjusted_array import AdjustedArray
from zipline.lib.adjustment import Float64Overwrite
from zipline.utils.enum import enum
from zipline.utils.input_validation import expect_element
from zipline.utils.numpy_utils import repeat_last_axis


AD_FIELD_NAME = 'asof_date'
TS_FIELD_NAME = 'timestamp'
SID_FIELD_NAME = 'sid'
valid_deltas_node_types = (
    bz.expr.Field,
    bz.expr.ReLabel,
    bz.expr.Symbol,
)
traversable_nodes = (
    bz.expr.Field,
    bz.expr.Label,
)
is_invalid_deltas_node = complement(flip(isinstance, valid_deltas_node_types))
getname = op.attrgetter('__name__')


class _ExprRepr(object):
    """Box for repring expressions with the str of the expression.

    Parameters
    ----------
    expr : Expr
        The expression to box for repring.
    """
    __slots__ = 'expr',

    def __init__(self, expr):
        self.expr = expr

    def __repr__(self):
        return str(self.expr)
    __str__ = __repr__


class ExprData(namedtuple('ExprData', 'expr deltas resources')):
    """A pair of expressions and data resources. The expresions will be
    computed using the resources as the starting scope.

    Parameters
    ----------
    expr : Expr
        The baseline values.
    deltas : Expr, optional
        The deltas for the data.
    resources : resource or dict of resources, optional
        The resources to compute the exprs against.
    """
    def __new__(cls, expr, deltas=None, resources=None):
        return super(ExprData, cls).__new__(cls, expr, deltas, resources)

    def __repr__(self):
        # If the expressions have _resources() then the repr will
        # drive computation so we box them.
        cls = type(self)
        return super(ExprData, cls).__repr__(cls(
            _ExprRepr(self.expr),
            _ExprRepr(self.deltas),
            self.resources,
        ))


class InvalidField(with_metaclass(ABCMeta)):
    """A field that raises an exception indicating that the
    field was invalid.

    Parameters
    ----------
    field : str
        The name of the field.
    type_ : dshape
        The shape of the field.
    """
    @abstractproperty
    def error_format(self):
        raise NotImplementedError('error_format')

    def __init__(self, field, type_):
        self._field = field
        self._type = type_

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        raise AttributeError(
            self.error_format.format(field=self._field, type_=self._type),
        )


class NonNumpyField(InvalidField):
    error_format = (
        "field '{field}' was a non numpy compatible type: '{type_}'"
    )


class NonPipelineField(InvalidField):
    error_format = (
        "field '{field}' was a non Pipeline API compatible type: '{type_}'"
    )


class NotPipelineCompatible(TypeError):
    """Exception used to indicate that a dshape is not Pipeline API
    compatible.
    """
    def __str__(self):
        return "'%s' is a non Pipeline API compatible type'" % self.args


_new_names = ('BlazeDataSet_%d' % n for n in count())


@memoize
def new_dataset(expr, deltas):
    """Creates or returns a dataset from a pair of blaze expressions.

    Parameters
    ----------
    expr : Expr
       The blaze expression representing the first known values.
    deltas : Expr
       The blaze expression representing the deltas to the data.

    Returns
    -------
    ds : type
        A new dataset type.

    Notes
    -----
    This function is memoized. repeated calls with the same inputs will return
    the same type.
    """
    columns = {}
    for name, type_ in expr.dshape.measure.fields:
        try:
            if promote(type_, float64, promote_option=False) != float64:
                raise NotPipelineCompatible()
            if isinstance(type_, Option):
                type_ = type_.ty
        except NotPipelineCompatible:
            col = NonPipelineField(name, type_)
        except TypeError:
            col = NonNumpyField(name, type_)
        else:
            col = Column(type_.to_numpy_dtype())

        columns[name] = col

    name = expr._name
    if name is None:
        name = next(_new_names)

    # unicode is a name error in py3 but the branch is only hit
    # when we are in python 2.
    if PY2 and isinstance(name, unicode):  # noqa
        name = name.encode('utf-8')

    return type(name, (DataSet,), columns)


def _check_resources(name, expr, resources):
    """Validate that the expression and resources passed match up.

    Parameters
    ----------
    name : str
        The name of the argument we are checking.
    expr : Expr
        The potentially bound expr.
    resources
        The explicitly passed resources to compute expr.

    Raises
    ------
    ValueError
        If the resources do not match for an expression.
    """
    if expr is None:
        return
    bound = expr._resources()
    if not bound and resources is None:
        raise ValueError('no resources provided to compute %s' % name)
    if bound and resources:
        raise ValueError(
            'explicit and implicit resources provided to compute %s' % name,
        )


def _check_datetime_field(name, measure):
    """Check that a field is a datetime inside some measure.

    Parameters
    ----------
    name : str
        The name of the field to check.
    measure : Record
        The record to check the field of.

    Raises
    ------
    TypeError
        If the field is not a datetime inside ``measure``.
    """
    if not isinstance(measure[name], (Date, DateTime)):
        raise TypeError(
            "'{name}' field must be a '{dt}', not: '{dshape}'".format(
                name=name,
                dt=DateTime(),
                dshape=measure[name],
            ),
        )


class NoDeltasWarning(UserWarning):
    """Warning used to signal that no deltas could be found and none
    were provided.

    Parameters
    ----------
    expr : Expr
        The expression that was searched.
    """
    def __init__(self, expr):
        self._expr = expr

    def __str__(self):
        return 'No deltas could be inferred from expr: %s' % self._expr


no_deltas_rules = enum('warn', 'raise_', 'ignore')


def get_deltas(expr, deltas, no_deltas_rule):
    """Find the correct deltas for the expression.

    Parameters
    ----------
    expr : Expr
        The baseline expression.
    deltas : Expr, 'auto', or None
        The deltas argument. If this is 'auto', then the deltas table will
        be searched for by walking up the expression tree. If this cannot be
        reflected, then an action will be taken based on the
        ``no_deltas_rule``.
    no_deltas_rule : no_deltas_rule
        How to handle the case where deltas='auto' but no deltas could be
        found.

    Returns
    -------
    deltas : Expr or None
        The deltas table to use.
    """
    if isinstance(deltas, bz.Expr) or deltas != 'auto':
        return deltas

    try:
        return expr._child[(expr._name or '') + '_deltas']
    except (ValueError, AttributeError):
        if no_deltas_rule == no_deltas_rules.raise_:
            raise ValueError(
                "no deltas table could be reflected for %s" % expr
            )
        elif no_deltas_rule == no_deltas_rules.warn:
            warnings.warn(NoDeltasWarning(expr))
    return None


def _ensure_timestamp_field(dataset_expr, deltas):
    """Verify that the baseline and deltas expressions have a timestamp field.

    If there is not a ``TS_FIELD_NAME`` on either of the expressions, it will
    be copied from the ``AD_FIELD_NAME``. If one is provided, then we will
    verify that it is the correct dshape.

    Parameters
    ----------
    dataset_expr : Expr
        The baseline expression.
    deltas : Expr or None
        The deltas expression if any was provided.

    Returns
    -------
    dataset_expr, deltas : Expr
        The new baseline and deltas expressions to use.
    """
    measure = dataset_expr.dshape.measure
    if TS_FIELD_NAME not in measure.names:
        dataset_expr = bz.transform(
            dataset_expr,
            **{TS_FIELD_NAME: dataset_expr[AD_FIELD_NAME]}
        )
        if deltas is not None:
            deltas = bz.transform(
                deltas,
                **{TS_FIELD_NAME: deltas[AD_FIELD_NAME]}
            )
    else:
        _check_datetime_field(TS_FIELD_NAME, measure)

    return dataset_expr, deltas


@expect_element(no_deltas_rule=no_deltas_rules)
def from_blaze(expr,
               deltas='auto',
               loader=None,
               resources=None,
               no_deltas_rule=no_deltas_rules.warn):
    """Create a Pipeline API object from a blaze expression.

    Parameters
    ----------
    expr : Expr
        The blaze expression to use.
    deltas : Expr or 'auto', optional
        The expression to use for the point in time adjustments.
        If the string 'auto' is passed, a deltas expr will be looked up
        by stepping up the expression tree and looking for another field
        with the name of ``expr`` + '_deltas'. If None is passed, no deltas
        will be used.
    loader : BlazeLoader, optional
        The blaze loader to attach this pipeline dataset to. If None is passed,
        the global blaze loader is used.
    resources : dict or any, optional
        The data to execute the blaze expressions against. This is used as the
        scope for ``bz.compute``.
    no_deltas_rule : no_deltas_rule
        What should happen if ``deltas='auto'`` but no deltas can be found.
        'warn' says to raise a warning but continue.
        'raise' says to raise an exception if no deltas can be found.
        'ignore' says take no action and proceed with no deltas.

    Returns
    -------
    pipeline_api_obj : DataSet or BoundColumn
        Either a new dataset or bound column based on the shape of the expr
        passed in. If a table shaped expression is passed, this will return
        a ``DataSet`` that represents the whole table. If an array-like shape
        is passed, a ``BoundColumn`` on the dataset that would be constructed
        from passing the parent is returned.
    """
    deltas = get_deltas(expr, deltas, no_deltas_rule)
    if deltas is not None:
        invalid_nodes = tuple(filter(is_invalid_deltas_node, expr._subterms()))
        if invalid_nodes:
            raise TypeError(
                'expression with deltas may only contain (%s) nodes,'
                " found: %s" % (
                    ', '.join(map(getname, valid_deltas_node_types)),
                    ', '.join(set(map(compose(getname, type), invalid_nodes))),
                ),
            )

    # Check if this is a single column out of a dataset.
    if bz.ndim(expr) != 1:
        raise TypeError(
            'expression was not tabular or array-like,'
            ' %s dimensions: %d' % (
                'too many' if bz.ndim(expr) > 1 else 'not enough',
                bz.ndim(expr),
            ),
        )

    single_column = None
    if isscalar(expr.dshape.measure):
        # This is a single column. Record which column we are to return
        # but create the entire dataset.
        single_column = rename = expr._name
        field_hit = False
        if not isinstance(expr, traversable_nodes):
            raise TypeError(
                "expression '%s' was array-like but not a simple field of"
                " some larger table" % str(expr),
            )
        while isinstance(expr, traversable_nodes):
            if isinstance(expr, bz.expr.Field):
                if not field_hit:
                    field_hit = True
                else:
                    break
            rename = expr._name
            expr = expr._child
        dataset_expr = expr.relabel({rename: single_column})
    else:
        dataset_expr = expr

    measure = dataset_expr.dshape.measure
    if not isrecord(measure) or AD_FIELD_NAME not in measure.names:
        raise TypeError(
            "The dataset must be a collection of records with at least an"
            " '{ad}' field. Fields provided: '{fields}'\nhint: maybe you need"
            " to use `relabel` to change your field names".format(
                ad=AD_FIELD_NAME,
                fields=measure,
            ),
        )
    _check_datetime_field(AD_FIELD_NAME, measure)
    dataset_expr, deltas = _ensure_timestamp_field(dataset_expr, deltas)

    if deltas is not None and (sorted(deltas.dshape.measure.fields) !=
                               sorted(measure.fields)):
        raise TypeError(
            'baseline measure != deltas measure:\n%s != %s' % (
                measure,
                deltas.dshape.measure,
            ),
        )

    # Ensure that we have a data resource to execute the query against.
    _check_resources('dataset_expr', dataset_expr, resources)
    _check_resources('deltas', deltas, resources)

    # Create or retrieve the Pipeline API dataset.
    ds = new_dataset(dataset_expr, deltas)
    # Register our new dataset with the loader.
    (loader if loader is not None else global_loader)[ds] = ExprData(
        dataset_expr,
        deltas,
        resources,
    )
    if single_column is not None:
        # We were passed a single column, extract and return it.
        return getattr(ds, single_column)
    return ds


getdataset = op.attrgetter('dataset')
dataset_name = op.attrgetter('name')


def overwrite_novel_deltas(baseline, deltas, dates):
    """overwrite any deltas into the baseline set that would have changed our
    most recently known value.

    Parameters
    ----------
    baseline : pd.DataFrame
        The first known values.
    deltas : pd.DataFrame
        Overwrites to the baseline data.
    dates : pd.DatetimeIndex
        The dates requested by the loader.

    Returns
    -------
    non_novel_deltas : pd.DataFrame
        The deltas that do not represent a baseline value.
    """
    get_indexes = dates.searchsorted
    novel_idx = (
        get_indexes(deltas[TS_FIELD_NAME].values, 'right') -
        get_indexes(deltas[AD_FIELD_NAME].values, 'left')
    ) <= 1
    novel_deltas = deltas.loc[novel_idx]
    non_novel_deltas = deltas.loc[~novel_idx]
    return pd.concat(
        (baseline, novel_deltas),
        ignore_index=True,
    ).sort(TS_FIELD_NAME), non_novel_deltas


def overwrite_from_dates(asof, dense_dates, sparse_dates, asset_idx, value):
    """Construct a `Float64Overwrite` with the correct
    start and end date based on the asof date of the delta,
    the dense_dates, and the dense_dates.

    Parameters
    ----------
    asof : datetime
        The asof date of the delta.
    dense_dates : pd.DatetimeIndex
        The dates requested by the loader.
    sparse_dates : pd.DatetimeIndex
        The dates that appeared in the dataset.
    asset_idx : tuple of int
        The index of the asset in the block. If this is a tuple, then this
        is treated as the first and last index to use.
    value : np.float64
        The value to overwrite with.

    Returns
    -------
    overwrite : Float64Overwrite
        The overwrite that will apply the new value to the data.

    Notes
    -----
    This is forward-filling all dense dates that are between the asof_date date
    and the next sparse date after the asof_date.

    For example:
    let ``asof = pd.Timestamp('2014-01-02')``,
        ``dense_dates = pd.date_range('2014-01-01', '2014-01-05')``
        ``sparse_dates = pd.to_datetime(['2014-01', '2014-02', '2014-04'])``

    Then the overwrite will apply to indexes: 1, 2, 3, 4
    """
    first_row = dense_dates.searchsorted(asof)
    next_idx = sparse_dates.searchsorted(asof, 'right')
    if next_idx == len(sparse_dates):
        # There is no next date in the sparse, this overwrite should apply
        # through the end of the dense dates.
        last_row = len(dense_dates) - 1
    else:
        # There is a next date in sparse dates. This means that the overwrite
        # should only apply until the index of this date in the dense dates.
        last_row = dense_dates.searchsorted(sparse_dates[next_idx]) - 1

    if first_row > last_row:
        return

    first, last = asset_idx
    yield Float64Overwrite(first_row, last_row, first, last, value)


def adjustments_from_deltas_no_sids(dates,
                                    dense_dates,
                                    column_idx,
                                    column_name,
                                    assets,
                                    deltas):
    """Collect all the adjustments that occur in a dataset that does not
    have a sid column.

    Parameters
    ----------
    dates : pd.DatetimeIndex
        The dates requested by the loader.
    dense_dates : pd.DatetimeIndex
        The dates that were in the dense data.
    column_idx : int
        The index of the column in the dataset.
    column_name : str
        The name of the column to compute deltas for.
    deltas : pd.DataFrame
        The overwrites that should be applied to the dataset.

    Returns
    -------
    adjustments : dict[idx -> Float64Overwrite]
        The adjustments dictionary to feed to the adjusted array.
    """
    ad_series = deltas[AD_FIELD_NAME]
    asset_idx = 0, len(assets) - 1
    return {
        dates.get_loc(kd): overwrite_from_dates(
            ad_series.loc[kd],
            dates,
            dense_dates,
            asset_idx,
            v,
        ) for kd, v in deltas[column_name].iteritems()
    }


def adjustments_from_deltas_with_sids(dates,
                                      dense_dates,
                                      column_idx,
                                      column_name,
                                      assets,
                                      deltas):
    """Collect all the adjustments that occur in a dataset that does not
    have a sid column.

    Parameters
    ----------
    dates : pd.DatetimeIndex
        The dates requested by the loader.
    dense_dates : pd.DatetimeIndex
        The dates that were in the dense data.
    column_idx : int
        The index of the column in the dataset.
    column_name : str
        The name of the column to compute deltas for.
    deltas : pd.DataFrame
        The overwrites that should be applied to the dataset.

    Returns
    -------
    adjustments : dict[idx -> Float64Overwrite]
        The adjustments dictionary to feed to the adjusted array.
    """
    ad_series = deltas[AD_FIELD_NAME]
    adjustments = defaultdict(list)
    for sid_idx, (sid, per_sid) in enumerate(deltas[column_name].iteritems()):
        for kd, v in per_sid.iteritems():
            adjustments[dates.searchsorted(kd)].extend(
                overwrite_from_dates(
                    ad_series.loc[kd, sid],
                    dates,
                    dense_dates,
                    (sid_idx, sid_idx),
                    v,
                ),
            )
    return dict(adjustments)  # no subclasses of dict


class BlazeLoader(dict):
    def __init__(self, colmap=None):
        self.update(colmap or {})

    @classmethod
    @memoize(cache=WeakKeyDictionary())
    def global_instance(cls):
        return cls()

    def __hash__(self):
        return id(self)

    def __call__(self, column):
        if column.dataset in self:
            return self
        raise KeyError(column)

    def load_adjusted_array(self, columns, dates, assets, mask):
        return dict(
            concat(map(
                partial(self._load_dataset, dates, assets, mask),
                itervalues(groupby(getdataset, columns))
            ))
        )

    def _load_dataset(self, dates, assets, mask, columns):
        try:
            (dataset,) = set(map(getdataset, columns))
        except ValueError:
            raise AssertionError('all columns must come from the same dataset')

        expr, deltas, resources = self[dataset]
        have_sids = SID_FIELD_NAME in expr.fields
        assets = list(map(int, assets))  # coerce from numpy.int64
        fields = list(map(dataset_name, columns))
        query_fields = fields + [AD_FIELD_NAME, TS_FIELD_NAME] + (
            [SID_FIELD_NAME] if have_sids else []
        )

        def where(e):
            """Create the query to run against the resources.

            Parameters
            ----------
            e : Expr
                The baseline or deltas expression.

            Returns
            -------
            q : Expr
                The query to run.
            """
            ts = e[TS_FIELD_NAME]
            # Hack to get the lower bound to query:
            # This must be strictly executed because the data for `ts` will
            # be removed from scope too early otherwise.
            lower = odo(ts[ts <= dates[0]].max(), pd.Timestamp)
            selection = ts <= dates[-1]
            if have_sids:
                selection &= e[SID_FIELD_NAME].isin(assets)
            if lower is not pd.NaT:
                selection &= ts >= lower

            return e[selection][query_fields]

        extra_kwargs = {'d': resources} if resources else {}
        materialized_expr = odo(where(expr), pd.DataFrame, **extra_kwargs)
        materialized_deltas = (
            odo(where(deltas), pd.DataFrame, **extra_kwargs)
            if deltas is not None else
            pd.DataFrame(columns=query_fields)
        )

        # Inline the deltas that changed our most recently known value.
        # Also, we reindex by the dates to create a dense representation of
        # the data.
        sparse_output, non_novel_deltas = overwrite_novel_deltas(
            materialized_expr,
            materialized_deltas,
            dates,
        )
        sparse_output.drop(AD_FIELD_NAME, axis=1, inplace=True)

        if have_sids:
            # Unstack by the sid so that we get a multi-index on the columns
            # of datacolumn, sid.
            sparse_output = sparse_output.set_index(
                [TS_FIELD_NAME, SID_FIELD_NAME],
            ).unstack()
            sparse_deltas = non_novel_deltas.set_index(
                [TS_FIELD_NAME, SID_FIELD_NAME],
            ).unstack()

            dense_output = sparse_output.reindex(dates, method='ffill')
            cols = dense_output.columns
            dense_output = dense_output.reindex(
                columns=pd.MultiIndex.from_product(
                    (cols.levels[0], assets),
                    names=cols.names,
                ),
            )

            adjustments_from_deltas = adjustments_from_deltas_with_sids
            column_view = identity
        else:
            # We use the column view to make an array per asset.
            column_view = compose(
                # We need to copy this because we need a concrete ndarray.
                # The `repeat_last_axis` call will give us a fancy strided
                # array which uses a buffer to represent `len(assets)` columns.
                # The engine puts nans at the indicies for which we do not have
                # sid information so that the nan-aware reductions still work.
                # A future change to the engine would be to add first class
                # support for macro econimic datasets.
                copy,
                partial(repeat_last_axis, count=len(assets)),
            )
            sparse_output = sparse_output.set_index(TS_FIELD_NAME)
            dense_output = sparse_output.reindex(dates, method='ffill')
            sparse_deltas = non_novel_deltas.set_index(TS_FIELD_NAME)
            adjustments_from_deltas = adjustments_from_deltas_no_sids

        for column_idx, column in enumerate(columns):
            column_name = column.name
            yield column, AdjustedArray(
                column_view(
                    dense_output[column_name].values.astype(column.dtype),
                ),
                mask,
                adjustments_from_deltas(
                    dates,
                    sparse_output.index,
                    column_idx,
                    column_name,
                    assets,
                    sparse_deltas,
                )
            )

global_loader = BlazeLoader.global_instance()


def bind_expression_to_resources(expr, resources):
    """
    Bind a Blaze expression to resources.

    Parameters
    ----------
    expr : bz.Expr
        The expression to which we want to bind resources.
    resources : dict[bz.Symbol -> any]
        Mapping from the atomic terms of ``expr`` to actual data resources.

    Returns
    -------
    bound_expr : bz.Expr
        ``expr`` with bound resources.
    """
    # bind the resources into the expression
    if resources is None:
        resources = {}

    # _subs stands for substitute.  It's not actually private, blaze just
    # prefixes symbol-manipulation methods with underscores to prevent
    # collisions with data column names.
    return expr._subs({
        k: bz.Data(v, dshape=k.dshape) for k, v in iteritems(resources)
    })


def ffill_query_in_range(expr,
                         lower,
                         upper,
                         odo_kwargs=None,
                         ts_field=TS_FIELD_NAME,
                         sid_field=SID_FIELD_NAME):
    """Query a blaze expression in a given time range properly forward filling
    from values that fall before the lower date.

    Parameters
    ----------
    expr : Expr
        Bound blaze expression.
    lower : datetime
        The lower date to query for.
    upper : datetime
        The upper date to query for.
    odo_kwargs : dict, optional
        The extra keyword arguments to pass to ``odo``.
    ts_field : str, optional
        The name of the timestamp field in the given blaze expression.
    sid_field : str, optional
        The name of the sid field in the given blaze expression.

    Returns
    -------
    raw : pd.DataFrame
        A strict dataframe for the data in the given date range. This may
        start before the requested start date if a value is needed to ffill.
    """
    odo_kwargs = odo_kwargs or {}
    filtered = expr[expr[ts_field] <= lower]
    computed_lower = odo(
        bz.by(
            filtered[sid_field],
            timestamp=filtered[ts_field].max(),
        ).timestamp.min(),
        pd.Timestamp,
        **odo_kwargs
    )
    if pd.isnull(computed_lower):
        # If there is no lower date, just query for data in the date
        # range. It must all be null anyways.
        computed_lower = lower

    return odo(
        expr[
            (expr[ts_field] >= computed_lower) &
            (expr[ts_field] <= upper)
        ],
        pd.DataFrame,
        **odo_kwargs
    )

quantopian / zipline

Pull Request — master (#940)

zipline.pipeline.loaders.blaze.ffill_query_in_range() A

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