PodsData

Complexity

Total Complexity

712

Size/Duplication

Total Lines	3518
Duplicated Lines	0 %

Coupling/Cohesion

Components	1
Dependencies	2

Importance

Changes

0

34 Methods

Rating	Name	Duplication	Size	Complexity
B	init()	0	20	7
F	__construct()	0	79	20
F	table()	0	79	20
B	insert_on_duplicate()	0	29	3
A	calculate_totals()	0	22	3
D	insert()	0	36	9
C	update()	0	61	13
D	delete()	0	39	9
D	select()	0	102	17
F	build()	0	845	260
A	total()	0	4	1
A	total_found()	0	8	2
A	zebra()	0	5	1
C	nth()	0	41	11
A	position()	0	4	1
B	table_create()	0	25	4
A	table_alter()	0	11	1
A	table_truncate()	0	11	1
A	table_drop()	0	11	1
B	reorder()	0	28	4
F	fetch()	0	289	67
A	reset()	0	18	3
F	query()	0	92	25
B	get_tables()	0	35	6
A	get_table_columns()	0	23	3
A	get_column_data()	0	14	3
A	prepare()	0	10	1
F	query_fields()	0	106	31
F	query_field()	0	351	69
C	traverse_build()	0	26	7
F	traverse_recurse()	0	422	101
B	traverse()	0	34	4
A	do_hook()	0	12	2
B	get_sql()	0	25	2

<?php

/**
 * @package Pods
 */
class PodsData {

	/**
	 * @var PodsData
	 */
	public static $instance = null;

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected static $prefix = 'pods_';

	/**
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected static $field_types = array();

	/**
	 * @var bool
	 */
	public static $display_errors = true;

	/**
	 * @var PodsAPI
	 */
	public $api = null;

	/**
	 * @var null
	 */
	public $select = null;

	/**
	 * @var null
	 */
	public $table = null;

	/**
	 * @var null
	 */
	public $pod = null;

	/**
	 * @var array|bool|mixed|null|void
	 */
	public $pod_data = null;

	/**
	 * @var int
	 */
	public $id = 0;

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $field_id = 'id';

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $field_index = 'name';

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $field_slug = '';

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $join = '';

	/**
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $where = array();

	/**
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $where_default = array();

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $orderby = '';

	/**
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $fields = array();

	/**
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $aliases = array();

	/**
	 * @var
	 */
	public $detail_page;

	/**
	 * @var int
	 */
	public $row_number = - 1;

	/**
	 * @var
	 */
	public $data;

	/**
	 * @var
	 */
	public $row;

	/**
	 * @var
	 */
	public $insert_id;

	/**
	 * @var
	 */
	public $total;

	/**
	 * @var
	 */
	public $total_found;

	/**
	 * @var bool
	 */
	public $total_found_calculated;

The variable name $total_found_calculated exceeds the maximum configured length of 20.

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $page_var = 'pg';

	/**
	 * @var int
	 */
	public $page = 1;

	/**
	 * @var int
	 */
	public $limit = 15;

	/**
	 * @var bool
	 */
	public $pagination = true;

	/**
	 * @var bool
	 */
	public $search = true;

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $search_var = 'search';

	/**
	 * int | text | text_like
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $search_mode = 'int';

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $search_query = '';

	/**
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $search_fields = array();

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $search_where = array();

	/**
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $filters = array();

	/**
	 * Holds Traversal information about Pods
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $traversal = array();

	/**
	 * Holds custom Traversals to be included
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $traverse = array();

	/**
	 * Last select() query SQL
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $sql = false;

	/**
	 * Last total sql
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $total_sql = false;

	/**
	 * Singleton handling for a basic pods_data() request
	 *
	 * @param string  $pod    Pod name.

Should the type for parameter $pod not be string|null?

	 * @param integer $id     Pod Item ID.
	 * @param bool    $strict If true throws an error if a pod is not found.
	 *
	 * @return \PodsData
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.5
	 */
	public static function init( $pod = null, $id = 0, $strict = true ) {

		if ( ( true !== $pod && null !== $pod ) || 0 != $id ) {
			return new PodsData( $pod, $id, $strict );
		} elseif ( ! is_object( self::$instance ) ) {
			self::$instance = new PodsData();
		} else {
			$vars = get_class_vars( __CLASS__ );

			foreach ( $vars as $var => $default ) {
				if ( 'api' === $var ) {
					continue;
				}

				self::$instance->{$var} = $default;
			}
		}

		return self::$instance;
	}

	/**
	 * Data Abstraction Class for Pods
	 *
	 * @param string  $pod    Pod name.

Should the type for parameter $pod not be string|null?

	 * @param integer $id     Pod Item ID.
	 * @param bool    $strict If true throws an error if a pod is not found.
	 *
	 * @return \PodsData

Adding a @return annotation to constructors is generally not recommended as a constructor does not have a meaningful return value.

	 *
	 * @license http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html
	 * @since   2.0
	 */
	public function __construct( $pod = null, $id = 0, $strict = true ) {

		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		if ( is_object( $pod ) && 'PodsAPI' === get_class( $pod ) ) {
			$this->api = $pod;
			$pod       = $this->api->pod;
		} else {
			$this->api = pods_api( $pod );
		}

		$this->api->display_errors =& self::$display_errors;

		if ( ! empty( $pod ) ) {
			$this->pod_data =& $this->api->pod_data;

			if ( false === $this->pod_data ) {
				if ( true === $strict ) {
					return pods_error( 'Pod not found', $this );

Constructors do not have meaningful return values, anything that is returned from here is discarded. Are you sure this is correct?

				} else {
					return $this;

Constructors do not have meaningful return values, anything that is returned from here is discarded. Are you sure this is correct?

				}
			}

			$this->pod_id = $this->pod_data['id'];

The property pod_id does not exist. Did you maybe forget to declare it?

			$this->pod    = $this->pod_data['name'];
			$this->fields = $this->pod_data['fields'];

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['options']['detail_url'] ) ) {
				$this->detail_page = $this->pod_data['options']['detail_url'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['select'] ) ) {
				$this->select = $this->pod_data['select'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['table'] ) ) {
				$this->table = $this->pod_data['table'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['join'] ) ) {
				$this->join = $this->pod_data['join'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['field_id'] ) ) {
				$this->field_id = $this->pod_data['field_id'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['field_index'] ) ) {
				$this->field_index = $this->pod_data['field_index'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['field_slug'] ) ) {
				$this->field_slug = $this->pod_data['field_slug'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['where'] ) ) {
				$this->where = $this->pod_data['where'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['where_default'] ) ) {
				$this->where_default = $this->pod_data['where_default'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['orderby'] ) ) {
				$this->orderby = $this->pod_data['orderby'];
			}

			if ( 'settings' === $this->pod_data['type'] ) {
				$this->id = $this->pod_data['id'];

				$this->fetch( $this->id );
			} elseif ( null !== $id && ! is_array( $id ) && ! is_object( $id ) ) {
				$this->id = $id;

				$this->fetch( $this->id );
			}
		}//end if
	}

	/**
	 * Handle tables like they are Pods (for traversal in select/build)
	 *
	 * @param array|string $table
	 * @param string       $object
	 */
	public function table( $table, $object = '' ) {

		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		if ( ! is_array( $table ) ) {
			$object_type = '';

			if ( $wpdb->users === $table ) {

Usage of users/usermeta tables is highly discouraged in VIP context, For storing user additional user metadata, you should look at User Attributes.

				$object_type = 'user';
			} elseif ( $wpdb->posts === $table ) {
				$object_type = 'post_type';
			} elseif ( $wpdb->terms === $table ) {
				$object_type = 'taxonomy';
			} elseif ( $wpdb->options === $table ) {
				$object_type = 'settings';
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $object_type ) ) {
			$table = $this->api->get_table_info( $object_type, $object );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $table ) && is_array( $table ) ) {
			$table['id']   = pods_v( 'id', $table['pod'], 0, true );
			$table['name'] = pods_v( 'name', $table['pod'], $table['object_type'], true );
			$table['type'] = pods_v( 'type', $table['pod'], $table['object_type'], true );

			$default_storage = 'meta';

			if ( 'taxonomy' === $table['type'] && ! function_exists( 'get_term_meta' ) ) {
				$default_storage = 'none';
			}

			$table['storage']       = pods_v( 'storage', $table['pod'], $default_storage, true );
			$table['fields']        = pods_v( 'fields', $table['pod'], array() );
			$table['object_fields'] = pods_v( 'object_fields', $table['pod'], $this->api->get_wp_object_fields( $table['object_type'] ), true );

			$this->pod_data = $table;
			$this->pod_id   = $this->pod_data['id'];
			$this->pod      = $this->pod_data['name'];
			$this->fields   = $this->pod_data['fields'];

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['select'] ) ) {
				$this->select = $this->pod_data['select'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['table'] ) ) {
				$this->table = $this->pod_data['table'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['join'] ) ) {
				$this->join = $this->pod_data['join'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['field_id'] ) ) {
				$this->field_id = $this->pod_data['field_id'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['field_index'] ) ) {
				$this->field_index = $this->pod_data['field_index'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['field_slug'] ) ) {
				$this->field_slug = $this->pod_data['field_slug'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['where'] ) ) {
				$this->where = $this->pod_data['where'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['where_default'] ) ) {
				$this->where_default = $this->pod_data['where_default'];
			}

			if ( isset( $this->pod_data['orderby'] ) ) {
				$this->orderby = $this->pod_data['orderby'];
			}
		}//end if
	}

	/**
	 * Insert an item, eventually mapping to WPDB::insert
	 *
	 * @param string $table  Table name.
	 * @param array  $data   Data to insert (in column => value pairs) Both $data columns and $data values should be
	 *                       "raw" (neither should be SQL escaped).
	 * @param array  $format (optional) An array of formats to be mapped to each of the value in $data.

Should the type for parameter $format not be array|null? Also, consider making the array more specific, something like array<String>, or String[].

	 *
	 * @return int|bool The ID of the item
	 *
	 * @uses  wpdb::insert
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function insert( $table, $data, $format = null ) {

		/**
		 * @var $wpdb wpdb
		 */
		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		if ( strlen( $table ) < 1 || empty( $data ) || ! is_array( $data ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( empty( $format ) ) {
			$format = array();

			foreach ( $data as $field ) {
				if ( isset( self::$field_types[ $field ] ) ) {
					$format[] = self::$field_types[ $field ];
				} elseif ( isset( $wpdb->field_types[ $field ] ) ) {
					$format[] = $wpdb->field_types[ $field ];
				} else {
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		list( $table, $data, $format ) = self::do_hook( 'insert', array( $table, $data, $format ), $this );

		$result          = $wpdb->insert( $table, $data, $format );

Usage of a direct database call is discouraged.

		$this->insert_id = $wpdb->insert_id;

		if ( false !== $result ) {
			return $this->insert_id;
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * @static
	 *
	 * Insert into a table, if unique key exists just update values.
	 *
	 * Data must be a key value pair array, keys act as table rows.
	 *
	 * Returns the prepared query from wpdb or false for errors
	 *
	 * @param string $table   Name of the table to update.
	 * @param array  $data    column => value pairs.
	 * @param array  $formats For $wpdb->prepare, uses sprintf formatting.
	 *
	 * @return mixed Sanitized query string
	 *
	 * @uses  wpdb::prepare
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static function insert_on_duplicate( $table, $data, $formats = array() ) {

		/**
		 * @var $wpdb wpdb
		 */
		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		$columns = array_keys( $data );

		$update = array();
		$values = array();

		foreach ( $columns as $column ) {
			$update[] = "`{$column}` = VALUES( `{$column}` )";
			$values[] = '%s';
		}

		if ( empty( $formats ) ) {
			$formats = $values;
		}

		$columns_data = implode( '`, `', $columns );
		$formats      = implode( ', ', $formats );
		$update       = implode( ', ', $update );

		$sql = "INSERT INTO `{$table}` ( `{$columns_data}` ) VALUES ( {$formats} ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE {$update}";

		return $wpdb->prepare( $sql, $data );
	}

	/**
	 * Update an item, eventually mapping to WPDB::update
	 *
	 * @param string $table        Table name.
	 * @param array  $data         Data to update (in column => value pairs) Both $data columns and $data values.
	 *                             should be "raw" (neither should be SQL escaped).
	 * @param array  $where        A named array of WHERE clauses (in column => value pairs) Multiple clauses will be.
	 *                             joined with ANDs. Both $where columns and $where values should be "raw".
	 * @param array  $format       (optional) An array of formats to be mapped to each of the values in $data.

Should the type for parameter $format not be array|null? Also, consider making the array more specific, something like array<String>, or String[].

	 * @param array  $where_format (optional) An array of formats to be mapped to each of the values in $where.

Should the type for parameter $where_format not be array|null? Also, consider making the array more specific, something like array<String>, or String[].

	 *
	 * @return bool
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function update( $table, $data, $where, $format = null, $where_format = null ) {

		/**
		 * @var $wpdb wpdb
		 */
		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		if ( strlen( $table ) < 1 || empty( $data ) || ! is_array( $data ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( empty( $format ) ) {
			$format = array();

			foreach ( $data as $field ) {
				if ( isset( self::$field_types[ $field ] ) ) {
					$form = self::$field_types[ $field ];
				} elseif ( isset( $wpdb->field_types[ $field ] ) ) {
					$form = $wpdb->field_types[ $field ];
				} else {
					$form = '%s';
				}

				$format[] = $form;
			}
		}

		if ( empty( $where_format ) ) {
			$where_format = array();

			foreach ( (array) array_keys( $where ) as $field ) {
				if ( isset( self::$field_types[ $field ] ) ) {
					$form = self::$field_types[ $field ];
				} elseif ( isset( $wpdb->field_types[ $field ] ) ) {
					$form = $wpdb->field_types[ $field ];
				} else {
					$form = '%s';
				}

				$where_format[] = $form;
			}
		}

		list( $table, $data, $where, $format, $where_format ) = self::do_hook(
			'update', array(
				$table,
				$data,
				$where,
				$format,
				$where_format,
			), $this
		);

		$result = $wpdb->update( $table, $data, $where, $format, $where_format );

Usage of a direct database call is discouraged.

		if ( false !== $result ) {

This if statement, and the following return statement can be replaced with return false !== $result;.

			return true;
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Delete an item
	 *
	 * @param string $table        Table name.
	 * @param array  $where        A named array of WHERE clauses (in column => value pairs) Multiple clauses will be.
	 *                             joined with ANDs. Both $where columns and $where values should be "raw".
	 * @param array  $where_format (optional) An array of formats to be mapped to each of the values in $where.

Should the type for parameter $where_format not be array|null? Also, consider making the array more specific, something like array<String>, or String[].

	 *
	 * @return array|bool|mixed|null|void
	 *
	 * @uses  PodsData::query
	 * @uses  PodsData::prepare
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function delete( $table, $where, $where_format = null ) {

		/**
		 * @var $wpdb wpdb
		 */
		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		if ( strlen( $table ) < 1 || empty( $where ) || ! is_array( $where ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		$wheres        = array();
		$where_formats = $where_format = (array) $where_format;

		foreach ( (array) array_keys( $where ) as $field ) {
			if ( ! empty( $where_format ) ) {
				$form = ( $form = array_shift( $where_formats ) ) ? $form : $where_format[0];
			} elseif ( isset( self::$field_types[ $field ] ) ) {
				$form = self::$field_types[ $field ];
			} elseif ( isset( $wpdb->field_types[ $field ] ) ) {
				$form = $wpdb->field_types[ $field ];
			} else {
				$form = '%s';
			}

			$wheres[] = "`{$field}` = {$form}";
		}

		$sql = "DELETE FROM `$table` WHERE " . implode( ' AND ', $wheres );

		list( $sql, $where ) = self::do_hook(
			'delete', array(
				$sql,
				array_values( $where ),
			), $table, $where, $where_format, $wheres, $this
		);

		return $this->query( self::prepare( $sql, $where ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Select items, eventually building dynamic query
	 *
	 * @param array $params
	 *
	 * @return array|bool|mixed
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function select( $params ) {

		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		$cache_key = $results = false;

		/**
		 * Filter select parameters before the query
		 *
		 * @param array|object    $params
		 * @param PodsData|object $this The current PodsData class instance.
		 *
		 * @since unknown
		 */
		$params = apply_filters( 'pods_data_pre_select_params', $params, $this );

		// Debug purposes.
		if ( 1 === (int) pods_v( 'pods_debug_params', 'get', 0 ) && pods_is_admin( array( 'pods' ) ) ) {
			pods_debug( $params );
		}

		// Get from cache if enabled.
		if ( null !== pods_v( 'expires', $params, null, true ) ) {
			$cache_key = md5( (string) $this->pod . serialize( $params ) );

			$results = pods_view_get( $cache_key, pods_v( 'cache_mode', $params, 'cache', true ), 'pods_data_select' );

			if ( empty( $results ) ) {
				$results = false;
			}
		}

		if ( empty( $results ) ) {
			// Build.
			$this->sql = $this->build( $params );

			// Debug purposes.
			if ( ( 1 === (int) pods_v( 'pods_debug_sql', 'get', 0 ) || 1 === (int) pods_v( 'pods_debug_sql_all', 'get', 0 ) ) && pods_is_admin( array( 'pods' ) ) ) {
				echo '<textarea cols="100" rows="24">' . esc_textarea(
					str_replace(
						array(
							'@wp_users',
							'@wp_',
						), array( $wpdb->users, $wpdb->prefix ), $this->sql

Usage of users/usermeta tables is highly discouraged in VIP context, For storing user additional user metadata, you should look at User Attributes.

					)
				) . '</textarea>';
			}

			if ( empty( $this->sql ) ) {
				return array();
			}

			// Get Data.
			$results = pods_query( $this->sql, $this );

			// Cache if enabled.
			if ( false !== $cache_key ) {
				pods_view_set( $cache_key, $results, pods_v( 'expires', $params, 0, false ), pods_v( 'cache_mode', $params, 'cache', true ), 'pods_data_select' );
			}
		}//end if

		/**
		 * Filter results of Pods Query
		 *
		 * @param array           $results
		 * @param array|object    $params
		 * @param PodsData|object $this The current PodsData class instance.
		 *
		 * @since unknown
		 */
		$results = apply_filters( 'pods_data_select', $results, $params, $this );

		$this->data = $results;

		$this->row_number = - 1;
		$this->row        = null;

		// Fill in empty field data (if none provided).
		if ( ( ! isset( $this->fields ) || empty( $this->fields ) ) && ! empty( $this->data ) ) {
			$this->fields = array();
			$data         = (array) @current( $this->data );

Silencing errors is discouraged

			foreach ( $data as $data_key => $data_value ) {
				$this->fields[ $data_key ] = array( 'label' => ucwords( str_replace( '-', ' ', str_replace( '_', ' ', $data_key ) ) ) );
				if ( isset( $this->pod_data['object_fields'][ $data_key ] ) ) {
					$this->fields[ $data_key ] = $this->pod_data['object_fields'][ $data_key ];
				}
			}

			$this->fields = PodsForm::fields_setup( $this->fields );
		}

		$this->total_found_calculated = false;

		$this->total = 0;

		if ( ! empty( $this->data ) ) {
			$this->total = count( (array) $this->data );
		}

		return $this->data;
	}

	/**
	 * Calculate total found.
	 */
	public function calculate_totals() {

		/**
		 * @var $wpdb wpdb
		 */
		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		// Set totals.
		if ( false !== $this->total_sql ) {
			$total = @current( $wpdb->get_col( $this->get_sql( $this->total_sql ) ) );

Silencing errors is discouraged

Usage of a direct database call is discouraged.

Usage of a direct database call without caching is prohibited. Use wp_cache_get / wp_cache_set.

		} else {
			$total = @current( $wpdb->get_col( 'SELECT FOUND_ROWS()' ) );

Silencing errors is discouraged

Usage of a direct database call is discouraged.

Usage of a direct database call without caching is prohibited. Use wp_cache_get / wp_cache_set.

		}

		$total                        = self::do_hook( 'select_total', $total, $this );
		$this->total_found            = 0;
		$this->total_found_calculated = true;

		if ( is_numeric( $total ) ) {
			$this->total_found = $total;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Build/Rewrite dynamic SQL and handle search/filter/sort
	 *
	 * @param array $params
	 *
	 * @return bool|mixed|string
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function build( $params ) {

		$simple_tableless_objects = PodsForm::simple_tableless_objects();

The variable name $simple_tableless_objects exceeds the maximum configured length of 20.

		$file_field_types         = PodsForm::file_field_types();

		$defaults = array(
			'select'              => '*',
			'calc_rows'           => false,
			'distinct'            => true,
			'table'               => null,
			'join'                => null,
			'where'               => null,
			'where_default'       => null,
			'groupby'             => null,
			'having'              => null,
			'orderby'             => null,
			'limit'               => - 1,
			'offset'              => null,

			'id'                  => null,
			'index'               => null,

			'page'                => 1,
			'pagination'          => $this->pagination,
			'search'              => $this->search,
			'search_query'        => null,
			'search_mode'         => null,
			'search_across'       => false,
			'search_across_picks' => false,
			'search_across_files' => false,
			'filters'             => array(),

			'fields'              => array(),
			'object_fields'       => array(),
			'pod_table_prefix'    => null,

			'traverse'            => array(),

			'sql'                 => null,

			'strict'              => false,
		);

		$params = (object) array_merge( $defaults, (array) $params );

		if ( 0 < strlen( $params->sql ) ) {
			return $params->sql;
		}

		$pod = false;

		if ( is_array( $this->pod_data ) ) {
			$pod = $this->pod_data;
		}

		// Validate.
		$params->page = pods_absint( $params->page );

		$params->pagination = (boolean) $params->pagination;

		if ( 0 === $params->page || ! $params->pagination ) {
			$params->page = 1;
		}

		$params->limit = (int) $params->limit;

		if ( 0 === $params->limit ) {
			$params->limit = - 1;
		}

		$this->limit = $params->limit;

		$offset = ( $params->limit * ( $params->page - 1 ) );

		if ( 0 < (int) $params->offset ) {
			$params->offset += $offset;
		} else {
			$params->offset = $offset;
		}

		if ( ! $params->pagination || - 1 === $params->limit ) {
			$params->page   = 1;
			$params->offset = 0;
		}

		if ( ( empty( $params->fields ) || ! is_array( $params->fields ) ) && ! empty( $pod ) && isset( $this->fields ) && ! empty( $this->fields ) ) {
			$params->fields = $this->fields;
		}

		if ( ( empty( $params->object_fields ) || ! is_array( $params->object_fields ) ) && ! empty( $pod ) && isset( $pod['object_fields'] ) && ! empty( $pod['object_fields'] ) ) {
			$params->object_fields = $pod['object_fields'];
		}

		if ( empty( $params->filters ) && $params->search ) {
			$params->filters = array_keys( $params->fields );
		} elseif ( empty( $params->filters ) ) {
			$params->filters = array();
		}

		if ( empty( $params->index ) ) {
			$params->index = $this->field_index;
		}

		if ( empty( $params->id ) ) {
			$params->id = $this->field_id;
		}

		if ( empty( $params->table ) && ! empty( $pod ) && isset( $this->table ) && ! empty( $this->table ) ) {
			$params->table = $this->table;
		}

		if ( empty( $params->pod_table_prefix ) ) {
			$params->pod_table_prefix = 't';
		}

		if ( ! empty( $pod ) && ! in_array(
			$pod['type'], array(
				'pod',
				'table',
			), true
		) && 'table' === $pod['storage'] ) {
			$params->pod_table_prefix = 'd';
		}

		$params->meta_fields = false;

		if ( ! empty( $pod ) && ! in_array(
			$pod['type'], array(
				'pod',
				'table',
			), true
		) && ( 'meta' === $pod['storage'] || ( 'none' === $pod['storage'] && function_exists( 'get_term_meta' ) ) ) ) {
			$params->meta_fields = true;
		}

		if ( empty( $params->table ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( false === strpos( $params->table, '(' ) && false === strpos( $params->table, '`' ) ) {
			$params->table = '`' . $params->table . '`';
		}

		if ( ! empty( $params->join ) ) {
			$params->join = array_merge( (array) $this->join, (array) $params->join );
		} elseif ( false === $params->strict ) {
			$params->join = $this->join;
		}

		$params->where_defaulted = false;

		if ( empty( $params->where_default ) && false !== $params->where_default ) {
			$params->where_default = $this->where_default;
		}

		if ( false === $params->strict ) {
			// Set default where.
			if ( ! empty( $params->where_default ) && empty( $params->where ) ) {
				$params->where = array_values( (array) $params->where_default );

				$params->where_defaulted = true;
			}

			if ( ! empty( $this->where ) ) {
				if ( is_array( $params->where ) && isset( $params->where['relation'] ) && 'OR' === strtoupper( $params->where['relation'] ) ) {
					$params->where = array_merge( array( $params->where ), array_values( (array) $this->where ) );
				} else {
					$params->where = array_merge( (array) $params->where, array_values( (array) $this->where ) );
				}
			}
		}

		// Allow where array ( 'field' => 'value' ) and WP_Query meta_query syntax.
		if ( ! empty( $params->where ) ) {
			$params->where = $this->query_fields( (array) $params->where, $pod, $params );
		}

		if ( empty( $params->where ) ) {
			$params->where = array();
		} else {
			$params->where = (array) $params->where;
		}

		// Allow having array ( 'field' => 'value' ) and WP_Query meta_query syntax.
		if ( ! empty( $params->having ) ) {
			$params->having = $this->query_fields( (array) $params->having, $pod, $params );
		}

		if ( empty( $params->having ) ) {
			$params->having = array();
		} else {
			$params->having = (array) $params->having;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $params->orderby ) ) {
			if ( 'post_type' === $pod['type'] && 'meta' === $pod['storage'] && is_array( $params->orderby ) ) {

				foreach ( $params->orderby as $i => $orderby ) {
					if ( strpos( $orderby, '.meta_value_num' ) ) {
						$params->orderby[ $i ] = 'CAST(' . str_replace( '.meta_value_num', '.meta_value', $orderby ) . ' AS DECIMAL)';
					} elseif ( strpos( $orderby, '.meta_value_date' ) ) {
						$params->orderby[ $i ] = 'CAST(' . str_replace( '.meta_value_date', '.meta_value', $orderby ) . ' AS DATE)';
					}
				}
			}

			$params->orderby = (array) $params->orderby;
		} else {
			$params->orderby = array();
		}

		if ( false === $params->strict && ! empty( $this->orderby ) ) {
			$params->orderby = array_merge( $params->orderby, (array) $this->orderby );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $params->traverse ) ) {
			$this->traverse = $params->traverse;
		}

		$allowed_search_modes = array( 'int', 'text', 'text_like' );

		if ( ! empty( $params->search_mode ) && in_array( $params->search_mode, $allowed_search_modes, true ) ) {
			$this->search_mode = $params->search_mode;
		}

		$params->search = (boolean) $params->search;

		if ( 1 === (int) pods_v( 'pods_debug_params_all', 'get', 0 ) && pods_is_admin( array( 'pods' ) ) ) {
			pods_debug( $params );
		}

		$params->field_table_alias = 't';

		// Get Aliases for future reference.
		$selectsfound = '';

		if ( ! empty( $params->select ) ) {
			if ( is_array( $params->select ) ) {
				$selectsfound = implode( ', ', $params->select );
			} else {
				$selectsfound = $params->select;
			}
		}

		// Pull Aliases from SQL query too.
		if ( null !== $params->sql ) {
			$temp_sql = ' ' . trim( str_replace( array( "\n", "\r" ), ' ', $params->sql ) );
			$temp_sql = preg_replace(
				array(
					'/\sSELECT\sSQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS\s/i',
					'/\sSELECT\s/i',
				), array(
					' SELECT ',
					' SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS ',
				), $temp_sql
			);
			preg_match( '/\sSELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS\s(.*)\sFROM/i', $temp_sql, $selectmatches );
			if ( isset( $selectmatches[1] ) && ! empty( $selectmatches[1] ) && false !== stripos( $selectmatches[1], ' AS ' ) ) {
				$selectsfound .= ( ! empty( $selectsfound ) ? ', ' : '' ) . $selectmatches[1];
			}
		}

		// Build Alias list.
		$this->aliases = array();

		if ( ! empty( $selectsfound ) && false !== stripos( $selectsfound, ' AS ' ) ) {
			$theselects = array_filter( explode( ', ', $selectsfound ) );

			if ( empty( $theselects ) ) {
				$theselects = array_filter( explode( ',', $selectsfound ) );
			}

			foreach ( $theselects as $selected ) {
				$selected = trim( $selected );

				if ( strlen( $selected ) < 1 ) {
					continue;
				}

				$selectfield = explode( ' AS ', str_replace( ' as ', ' AS ', $selected ) );

				if ( 2 === count( $selectfield ) ) {
					$field                   = trim( trim( $selectfield[1] ), '`' );
					$real_field              = trim( trim( $selectfield[0] ), '`' );
					$this->aliases[ $field ] = $real_field;
				}
			}
		}//end if

		// Search.
		if ( ! empty( $params->search ) && ! empty( $params->fields ) ) {
			if ( false !== $params->search_query && 0 < strlen( $params->search_query ) ) {
				$where = $having = array();

				if ( false !== $params->search_across ) {
					foreach ( $params->fields as $key => $field ) {
						if ( is_array( $field ) ) {
							$attributes = $field;
							$field      = pods_v( 'name', $field, $key, true );
						} else {
							$attributes = array(
								'type'    => '',
								'options' => array(),
							);
						}

						if ( isset( $attributes['options']['search'] ) && ! $attributes['options']['search'] ) {
							continue;
						}

						if ( in_array(
							$attributes['type'], array(
								'date',
								'time',
								'datetime',
								'number',
								'decimal',
								'currency',
								'phone',
								'password',
								'boolean',
							), true
						) ) {
							continue;
						}

						$fieldfield = '`' . $field . '`';

						if ( 'pick' === $attributes['type'] && ! in_array( pods_v( 'pick_object', $attributes ), $simple_tableless_objects, true ) ) {
							if ( false === $params->search_across_picks ) {
								continue;
							} else {
								if ( empty( $attributes['table_info'] ) ) {
									$attributes['table_info'] = $this->api->get_table_info( pods_v( 'pick_object', $attributes ), pods_v( 'pick_val', $attributes ) );
								}

								if ( empty( $attributes['table_info']['field_index'] ) ) {
									continue;
								}

								$fieldfield = $fieldfield . '.`' . $attributes['table_info']['field_index'] . '`';
							}
						} elseif ( in_array( $attributes['type'], $file_field_types, true ) ) {
							if ( false === $params->search_across_files ) {
								continue;
							} else {
								$fieldfield = $fieldfield . '.`post_title`';
							}
						} elseif ( isset( $params->fields[ $field ] ) ) {
							if ( $params->meta_fields ) {
								$fieldfield = $fieldfield . '.`meta_value`';
							} else {
								$fieldfield = '`' . $params->pod_table_prefix . '`.' . $fieldfield;
							}
						} elseif ( ! empty( $params->object_fields ) && ! isset( $params->object_fields[ $field ] ) && 'meta' === $pod['storage'] ) {
							$fieldfield = $fieldfield . '.`meta_value`';
						} else {
							$fieldfield = '`t`.' . $fieldfield;
						}//end if

						if ( isset( $this->aliases[ $field ] ) ) {
							$fieldfield = '`' . $this->aliases[ $field ] . '`';
						}

						if ( ! empty( $attributes['real_name'] ) ) {
							$fieldfield = $attributes['real_name'];
						}

						if ( isset( $attributes['group_related'] ) && false !== $attributes['group_related'] ) {
							$having[] = "{$fieldfield} LIKE '%" . pods_sanitize_like( $params->search_query ) . "%'";
						} else {
							$where[] = "{$fieldfield} LIKE '%" . pods_sanitize_like( $params->search_query ) . "%'";
						}
					}//end foreach
				} elseif ( ! empty( $params->index ) ) {
					$attributes = array();

					$fieldfield = '`t`.`' . $params->index . '`';

					if ( isset( $params->fields[ $params->index ] ) ) {
						if ( $params->meta_fields ) {
							$fieldfield = '`' . $params->index . '`.`' . $params->pod_table_prefix . '`';
						} else {
							$fieldfield = '`' . $params->pod_table_prefix . '`.`' . $params->index . '`';
						}
					} elseif ( ! empty( $params->object_fields ) && ! isset( $params->object_fields[ $params->index ] ) && 'meta' === $pod['storage'] ) {
						$fieldfield = '`' . $params->index . '`.`meta_value`';
					}

					if ( isset( $attributes['real_name'] ) && false !== $attributes['real_name'] && ! empty( $attributes['real_name'] ) ) {
						$fieldfield = $attributes['real_name'];
					}

					if ( isset( $attributes['group_related'] ) && false !== $attributes['group_related'] ) {
						$having[] = "{$fieldfield} LIKE '%" . pods_sanitize_like( $params->search_query ) . "%'";
					} else {
						$where[] = "{$fieldfield} LIKE '%" . pods_sanitize_like( $params->search_query ) . "%'";
					}
				}//end if

				if ( ! empty( $where ) ) {
					$params->where[] = '( ' . implode( ' OR ', $where ) . ' )';
				}

				if ( ! empty( $having ) ) {
					$params->having[] = '( ' . implode( ' OR ', $having ) . ' )';
				}
			}//end if

			// Filter.
			foreach ( $params->filters as $filter ) {
				$where = $having = array();

				if ( ! isset( $params->fields[ $filter ] ) ) {
					continue;
				}

				$attributes = $params->fields[ $filter ];
				$field      = pods_v( 'name', $attributes, $filter, true );

				$filterfield = '`' . $field . '`';

				if ( 'pick' === $attributes['type'] && ! in_array( pods_v( 'pick_object', $attributes ), $simple_tableless_objects, true ) ) {
					if ( empty( $attributes['table_info'] ) ) {
						$attributes['table_info'] = $this->api->get_table_info( pods_v( 'pick_object', $attributes ), pods_v( 'pick_val', $attributes ) );
					}

					if ( empty( $attributes['table_info']['field_index'] ) ) {
						continue;
					}

					$filterfield = $filterfield . '.`' . $attributes['table_info']['field_index'] . '`';
				} elseif ( in_array( $attributes['type'], $file_field_types, true ) ) {
					$filterfield = $filterfield . '.`post_title`';
				} elseif ( isset( $params->fields[ $field ] ) ) {
					if ( $params->meta_fields && 'meta' === $pod['storage'] ) {
						$filterfield = $filterfield . '.`meta_value`';
					} else {
						$filterfield = '`' . $params->pod_table_prefix . '`.' . $filterfield;
					}
				} elseif ( ! empty( $params->object_fields ) && ! isset( $params->object_fields[ $field ] ) && 'meta' === $pod['storage'] ) {
					$filterfield = $filterfield . '.`meta_value`';
				} else {
					$filterfield = '`t`.' . $filterfield;
				}//end if

				if ( isset( $this->aliases[ $field ] ) ) {
					$filterfield = '`' . $this->aliases[ $field ] . '`';
				}

				if ( ! empty( $attributes['real_name'] ) ) {
					$filterfield = $attributes['real_name'];
				}

				if ( 'pick' === $attributes['type'] ) {
					$filter_value = pods_v( 'filter_' . $field );

					if ( ! is_array( $filter_value ) ) {
						$filter_value = (array) $filter_value;
					}

					foreach ( $filter_value as $filter_v ) {
						if ( in_array( pods_v( 'pick_object', $attributes ), $simple_tableless_objects, true ) ) {
							if ( strlen( $filter_v ) < 1 ) {
								continue;
							}

							if ( isset( $attributes['group_related'] ) && false !== $attributes['group_related'] ) {
								$having[] = "( {$filterfield} = '" . pods_sanitize( $filter_v ) . "'" . " OR {$filterfield} LIKE '%\"" . pods_sanitize_like( $filter_v ) . "\"%' )";
							} else {
								$where[] = "( {$filterfield} = '" . pods_sanitize( $filter_v ) . "'" . " OR {$filterfield} LIKE '%\"" . pods_sanitize_like( $filter_v ) . "\"%' )";
							}
						} else {
							$filter_v = (int) $filter_v;

							if ( empty( $filter_v ) || empty( $attributes['table_info'] ) || empty( $attributes['table_info']['field_id'] ) ) {
								continue;
							}

							$filterfield = '`' . $field . '`.`' . $attributes['table_info']['field_id'] . '`';

							if ( isset( $attributes['group_related'] ) && false !== $attributes['group_related'] ) {
								$having[] = "{$filterfield} = " . $filter_v;
							} else {
								$where[] = "{$filterfield} = " . $filter_v;
							}
						}//end if
					}//end foreach
				} elseif ( in_array(
					$attributes['type'], array(
						'date',
						'datetime',
					), true
				) ) {
					$start_value = pods_v( 'filter_' . $field . '_start', 'get', false );
					$end_value   = pods_v( 'filter_' . $field . '_end', 'get', false );

					if ( empty( $start_value ) && empty( $end_value ) ) {
						continue;
					}

					if ( ! empty( $start_value ) ) {
						$start = date_i18n( 'Y-m-d', strtotime( $start_value ) ) . ( 'datetime' === $attributes['type'] ? ' 00:00:00' : '' );
					} else {
						$start = date_i18n( 'Y-m-d' ) . ( 'datetime' === $attributes['type'] ) ? ' 00:00:00' : '';
					}

					if ( ! empty( $end_value ) ) {
						$end = date_i18n( 'Y-m-d', strtotime( $end_value ) ) . ( 'datetime' === $attributes['type'] ? ' 23:59:59' : '' );
					} else {
						$end = date_i18n( 'Y-m-d' ) . ( 'datetime' === $attributes['type'] ) ? ' 23:59:59' : '';
					}

					if ( isset( $attributes['date_ongoing'] ) && true === $attributes['date_ongoing'] ) {
						$date_ongoing = '`' . $attributes['date_ongoing'] . '`';

						if ( isset( $this->aliases[ $date_ongoing ] ) ) {
							$date_ongoing = '`' . $this->aliases[ $date_ongoing ] . '`';
						}

						if ( isset( $attributes['group_related'] ) && false !== $attributes['group_related'] ) {
							$having[] = "(({$filterfield} <= '$start' OR ({$filterfield} >= '$start' AND {$filterfield} <= '$end')) AND ({$date_ongoing} >= '$start' OR ({$date_ongoing} >= '$start' AND {$date_ongoing} <= '$end')))";
						} else {
							$where[] = "(({$filterfield} <= '$start' OR ({$filterfield} >= '$start' AND {$filterfield} <= '$end')) AND ({$date_ongoing} >= '$start' OR ({$date_ongoing} >= '$start' AND {$date_ongoing} <= '$end')))";
						}
					} else {
						if ( isset( $attributes['group_related'] ) && false !== $attributes['group_related'] ) {
							$having[] = "({$filterfield} BETWEEN '$start' AND '$end')";
						} else {
							$where[] = "({$filterfield} BETWEEN '$start' AND '$end')";
						}
					}
				} else {
					$filter_value = pods_v( 'filter_' . $field, 'get', '' );

					if ( strlen( $filter_value ) < 1 ) {
						continue;
					}

					if ( isset( $attributes['group_related'] ) && false !== $attributes['group_related'] ) {
						$having[] = "{$filterfield} LIKE '%" . pods_sanitize_like( $filter_value ) . "%'";
					} else {
						$where[] = "{$filterfield} LIKE '%" . pods_sanitize_like( $filter_value ) . "%'";
					}
				}//end if

				if ( ! empty( $where ) ) {
					$params->where[] = implode( ' AND ', $where );
				}

				if ( ! empty( $having ) ) {
					$params->having[] = implode( ' AND ', $having );
				}
			}//end foreach
		}//end if

		// Traverse the Rabbit Hole.
		if ( ! empty( $this->pod ) ) {
			$haystack = implode( ' ', (array) $params->select ) . ' ' . implode( ' ', (array) $params->where ) . ' ' . implode( ' ', (array) $params->groupby ) . ' ' . implode( ' ', (array) $params->having ) . ' ' . implode( ' ', (array) $params->orderby );
			$haystack = preg_replace( '/\s/', ' ', $haystack );
			$haystack = preg_replace( '/\w\(/', ' ', $haystack );
			$haystack = str_replace( array( '(', ')', '  ', '\\\'', '\\"' ), ' ', $haystack );

			preg_match_all( '/`?[\w\-]+`?(?:\\.`?[\w\-]+`?)+(?=[^"\']*(?:"[^"]*"[^"]*|\'[^\']*\'[^\']*)*$)/', $haystack, $found, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER );

			$found = (array) @current( $found );

Silencing errors is discouraged

			$find  = $replace = $traverse = array();

			foreach ( $found as $key => $value ) {
				$value = str_replace( '`', '', $value );
				$value = explode( '.', $value );
				$dot   = $last_value = array_pop( $value );

				if ( 't' === $value[0] ) {
					continue;
				} elseif ( array_key_exists( $value[0], $params->join ) ) {
					// Don't traverse for tables we are already going to join.
					continue;
				} elseif ( 1 === count( $value ) && '' === preg_replace( '/[0-9]*/', '', $value[0] ) && '' === preg_replace( '/[0-9]*/', '', $last_value ) ) {
					continue;
				}

				$found_value = str_replace( '`', '', $found[ $key ] );
				$found_value = '([`]{1}|\b)' . str_replace( '.', '[`]*\.[`]*', $found_value ) . '([`]{1}|\b)';
				$found_value = '/' . $found_value . '(?=[^"\']*(?:"[^"]*"[^"]*|\'[^\']*\'[^\']*)*$)/';

				if ( in_array( $found_value, $find, true ) ) {
					continue;
				}

				$find[ $key ] = $found_value;

				if ( '*' !== $dot ) {
					$dot = '`' . $dot . '`';
				}

				$replace[ $key ] = '`' . implode( '_', $value ) . '`.' . $dot;

				$value[] = $last_value;

				if ( ! in_array( $value, $traverse, true ) ) {
					$traverse[ $key ] = $value;
				}
			}//end foreach

			if ( ! empty( $this->traverse ) ) {
				foreach ( (array) $this->traverse as $key => $traverse ) {
					$traverse      = str_replace( '`', '', $traverse );
					$already_found = false;

					foreach ( $traverse as $traversal ) {
						if ( is_array( $traversal ) ) {
							$traversal = implode( '.', $traversal );
						}

						if ( $traversal === $traverse ) {
							$already_found = true;
							break;
						}
					}

					if ( ! $already_found ) {
						$traverse[ 'traverse_' . $key ] = explode( '.', $traverse );
					}
				}
			}//end if

			$joins = array();

			if ( ! empty( $find ) ) {
				// See: "#3294 OrderBy Failing on PHP7"  Non-zero array keys.
				// here in PHP 7 cause odd behavior so just strip the keys.
				$find    = array_values( $find );
				$replace = array_values( $replace );

				$params->select  = preg_replace( $find, $replace, $params->select );
				$params->where   = preg_replace( $find, $replace, $params->where );
				$params->groupby = preg_replace( $find, $replace, $params->groupby );
				$params->having  = preg_replace( $find, $replace, $params->having );
				$params->orderby = preg_replace( $find, $replace, $params->orderby );

				if ( ! empty( $traverse ) ) {
					$joins = $this->traverse( $traverse, $params->fields, $params );
				} elseif ( false !== $params->search ) {
					$joins = $this->traverse( null, $params->fields, $params );
				}
			}
		}//end if

		// Traversal Search.
		if ( ! empty( $params->search ) && ! empty( $this->search_where ) ) {
			$params->where = array_merge( (array) $this->search_where, $params->where );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $params->join ) && ! empty( $joins ) ) {
			$params->join = array_merge( $joins, (array) $params->join );
		} elseif ( ! empty( $joins ) ) {
			$params->join = $joins;
		}

		// Build.
		if ( null === $params->sql ) {
			$sql = '
                SELECT
                ' . ( $params->calc_rows ? 'SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS' : '' ) . '
                ' . ( $params->distinct ? 'DISTINCT' : '' ) . '
                ' . ( ! empty( $params->select ) ? ( is_array( $params->select ) ? implode( ', ', $params->select ) : $params->select ) : '*' ) . "
                FROM {$params->table} AS `t`
                " . ( ! empty( $params->join ) ? ( is_array( $params->join ) ? implode( "\n                ", $params->join ) : $params->join ) : '' ) . '
                ' . ( ! empty( $params->where ) ? 'WHERE ' . ( is_array( $params->where ) ? implode( ' AND ', $params->where ) : $params->where ) : '' ) . '
                ' . ( ! empty( $params->groupby ) ? 'GROUP BY ' . ( is_array( $params->groupby ) ? implode( ', ', $params->groupby ) : $params->groupby ) : '' ) . '
                ' . ( ! empty( $params->having ) ? 'HAVING ' . ( is_array( $params->having ) ? implode( ' AND  ', $params->having ) : $params->having ) : '' ) . '
                ' . ( ! empty( $params->orderby ) ? 'ORDER BY ' . ( is_array( $params->orderby ) ? implode( ', ', $params->orderby ) : $params->orderby ) : '' ) . '
                ' . ( ( 0 < $params->page && 0 < $params->limit ) ? 'LIMIT ' . $params->offset . ', ' . ( $params->limit ) : '' ) . '
            ';

			if ( ! $params->calc_rows ) {
				// Handle COUNT() SELECT.
				$total_sql_select = 'COUNT( ' . ( $params->distinct ? 'DISTINCT `t`.`' . $params->id . '`' : '*' ) . ' )';

				// If 'having' is set, we have to select all so it has access to anything it needs.
				if ( ! empty( $params->having ) ) {
					$total_sql_select .= ', ' . ( ! empty( $params->select ) ? ( is_array( $params->select ) ? implode( ', ', $params->select ) : $params->select ) : '*' );
				}

				$this->total_sql = "
					SELECT {$total_sql_select}
					FROM {$params->table} AS `t`
					" . ( ! empty( $params->join ) ? ( is_array( $params->join ) ? implode( "\n                ", $params->join ) : $params->join ) : '' ) . '
                    ' . ( ! empty( $params->where ) ? 'WHERE ' . ( is_array( $params->where ) ? implode( ' AND  ', $params->where ) : $params->where ) : '' ) . '
                    ' . ( ! empty( $params->groupby ) ? 'GROUP BY ' . ( is_array( $params->groupby ) ? implode( ', ', $params->groupby ) : $params->groupby ) : '' ) . '
                    ' . ( ! empty( $params->having ) ? 'HAVING ' . ( is_array( $params->having ) ? implode( ' AND  ', $params->having ) : $params->having ) : '' ) . '
                ';
			}
		} else {
			$sql = ' ' . trim( str_replace( array( "\n", "\r" ), ' ', $params->sql ) );
			$sql = preg_replace(
				array(
					'/\sSELECT\sSQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS\s/i',
					'/\sSELECT\s/i',
				), array(
					' SELECT ',
					' SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS ',
				), $sql
			);

			// Insert variables based on existing statements.
			if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%SELECT%%' ) ) {
				$sql = preg_replace( '/\sSELECT\sSQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS\s/i', ' SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS %%SELECT%% ', $sql );
			}
			if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%WHERE%%' ) ) {
				$sql = preg_replace( '/\sWHERE\s(?!.*\sWHERE\s)/i', ' WHERE %%WHERE%% ', $sql );
			}
			if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%GROUPBY%%' ) ) {
				$sql = preg_replace( '/\sGROUP BY\s(?!.*\sGROUP BY\s)/i', ' GROUP BY %%GROUPBY%% ', $sql );
			}
			if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%HAVING%%' ) ) {
				$sql = preg_replace( '/\sHAVING\s(?!.*\sHAVING\s)/i', ' HAVING %%HAVING%% ', $sql );
			}
			if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%ORDERBY%%' ) ) {
				$sql = preg_replace( '/\sORDER BY\s(?!.*\sORDER BY\s)/i', ' ORDER BY %%ORDERBY%% ', $sql );
			}

			// Insert variables based on other existing statements.
			if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%JOIN%%' ) ) {
				if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' WHERE ' ) ) {
					$sql = preg_replace( '/\sWHERE\s(?!.*\sWHERE\s)/i', ' %%JOIN%% WHERE ', $sql );
				} elseif ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' GROUP BY ' ) ) {
					$sql = preg_replace( '/\sGROUP BY\s(?!.*\sGROUP BY\s)/i', ' %%WHERE%% GROUP BY ', $sql );
				} elseif ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' ORDER BY ' ) ) {
					$sql = preg_replace( '/\ORDER BY\s(?!.*\ORDER BY\s)/i', ' %%WHERE%% ORDER BY ', $sql );
				} else {
					$sql .= ' %%JOIN%% ';
				}
			}
			if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%WHERE%%' ) ) {
				if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' GROUP BY ' ) ) {
					$sql = preg_replace( '/\sGROUP BY\s(?!.*\sGROUP BY\s)/i', ' %%WHERE%% GROUP BY ', $sql );
				} elseif ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' ORDER BY ' ) ) {
					$sql = preg_replace( '/\ORDER BY\s(?!.*\ORDER BY\s)/i', ' %%WHERE%% ORDER BY ', $sql );
				} else {
					$sql .= ' %%WHERE%% ';
				}
			}
			if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%GROUPBY%%' ) ) {
				if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' HAVING ' ) ) {
					$sql = preg_replace( '/\sHAVING\s(?!.*\sHAVING\s)/i', ' %%GROUPBY%% HAVING ', $sql );
				} elseif ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' ORDER BY ' ) ) {
					$sql = preg_replace( '/\ORDER BY\s(?!.*\ORDER BY\s)/i', ' %%GROUPBY%% ORDER BY ', $sql );
				} else {
					$sql .= ' %%GROUPBY%% ';
				}
			}
			if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%HAVING%%' ) ) {
				if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' ORDER BY ' ) ) {
					$sql = preg_replace( '/\ORDER BY\s(?!.*\ORDER BY\s)/i', ' %%HAVING%% ORDER BY ', $sql );
				} else {
					$sql .= ' %%HAVING%% ';
				}
			}
			if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%ORDERBY%%' ) ) {
				$sql .= ' %%ORDERBY%% ';
			}
			if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%LIMIT%%' ) ) {
				$sql .= ' %%LIMIT%% ';
			}

			// Replace variables.
			if ( 0 < strlen( $params->select ) ) {
				if ( false === stripos( $sql, '%%SELECT%% FROM ' ) ) {
					$sql = str_ireplace( '%%SELECT%%', $params->select . ', ', $sql );
				} else {
					$sql = str_ireplace( '%%SELECT%%', $params->select, $sql );
				}
			}
			if ( 0 < strlen( $params->join ) ) {
				$sql = str_ireplace( '%%JOIN%%', $params->join, $sql );
			}
			if ( 0 < strlen( $params->where ) ) {
				if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' WHERE ' ) ) {
					if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' WHERE %%WHERE%% ' ) ) {
						$sql = str_ireplace( '%%WHERE%%', $params->where . ' AND ', $sql );
					} else {
						$sql = str_ireplace( '%%WHERE%%', ' AND ' . $params->where, $sql );
					}
				} else {
					$sql = str_ireplace( '%%WHERE%%', ' WHERE ' . $params->where, $sql );
				}
			}
			if ( 0 < strlen( $params->groupby ) ) {
				if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' GROUP BY ' ) ) {
					if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' GROUP BY %%GROUPBY%% ' ) ) {
						$sql = str_ireplace( '%%GROUPBY%%', $params->groupby . ', ', $sql );
					} else {
						$sql = str_ireplace( '%%GROUPBY%%', ', ' . $params->groupby, $sql );
					}
				} else {
					$sql = str_ireplace( '%%GROUPBY%%', ' GROUP BY ' . $params->groupby, $sql );
				}
			}
			if ( 0 < strlen( $params->having ) && false !== stripos( $sql, ' GROUP BY ' ) ) {
				if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' HAVING ' ) ) {
					if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' HAVING %%HAVING%% ' ) ) {
						$sql = str_ireplace( '%%HAVING%%', $params->having . ' AND ', $sql );
					} else {
						$sql = str_ireplace( '%%HAVING%%', ' AND ' . $params->having, $sql );
					}
				} else {
					$sql = str_ireplace( '%%HAVING%%', ' HAVING ' . $params->having, $sql );
				}
			}
			if ( 0 < strlen( $params->orderby ) ) {
				if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' ORDER BY ' ) ) {
					if ( false !== stripos( $sql, ' ORDER BY %%ORDERBY%% ' ) ) {
						$sql = str_ireplace( '%%ORDERBY%%', $params->groupby . ', ', $sql );
					} else {
						$sql = str_ireplace( '%%ORDERBY%%', ', ' . $params->groupby, $sql );
					}
				} else {
					$sql = str_ireplace( '%%ORDERBY%%', ' ORDER BY ' . $params->groupby, $sql );
				}
			}
			if ( 0 < $params->page && 0 < $params->limit ) {
				$start = ( $params->page - 1 ) * $params->limit;
				$end   = $start + $params->limit;
				$sql  .= 'LIMIT ' . (int) $start . ', ' . (int) $end;
			}

			// Clear any unused variables.
			$sql = str_ireplace(
				array(
					'%%SELECT%%',
					'%%JOIN%%',
					'%%WHERE%%',
					'%%GROUPBY%%',
					'%%HAVING%%',
					'%%ORDERBY%%',
					'%%LIMIT%%',
				), '', $sql
			);
			$sql = str_replace( array( '``', '`' ), array( '  ', ' ' ), $sql );
		}//end if

		return $sql;
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch the total row count returned
	 *
	 * @return int Number of rows returned by select()
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function total() {

		return (int) $this->total;
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch the total row count total
	 *
	 * @return int Number of rows found by select()
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function total_found() {

		if ( false === $this->total_found_calculated ) {
			$this->calculate_totals();
		}

		return (int) $this->total_found;
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch the zebra state
	 *
	 * @return bool Zebra state
	 * @since 1.12
	 * @see   PodsData::nth
	 */
	public function zebra() {

		return $this->nth( 'odd' );
		// Odd numbers.
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch the nth state
	 *
	 * @param int|string $nth The $nth to match on the PodsData::row_number.
	 *
	 * @return bool Whether $nth matches
	 * @since 2.3
	 */
	public function nth( $nth ) {

		if ( empty( $nth ) ) {
			$nth = 2;
		}

		$offset   = 0;
		$negative = false;

		if ( 'even' === $nth ) {
			$nth = 2;
		} elseif ( 'odd' === $nth ) {
			$negative = true;
			$nth      = 2;
		} elseif ( false !== strpos( $nth, '+' ) ) {
			$nth = explode( '+', $nth );

			if ( isset( $nth[1] ) ) {
				$offset += (int) trim( $nth[1] );
			}

			$nth = (int) trim( $nth[0], ' n' );
		} elseif ( false !== strpos( $nth, '-' ) ) {
			$nth = explode( '-', $nth );

			if ( isset( $nth[1] ) ) {
				$offset -= (int) trim( $nth[1] );
			}

			$nth = (int) trim( $nth[0], ' n' );
		}//end if

		$nth    = (int) $nth;
		$offset = (int) $offset;

		if ( 0 === ( ( $this->row_number % $nth ) + $offset ) ) {
			return ( $negative ? false : true );
		}

		return ( $negative ? true : false );
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch the current position in the loop (starting at 1)
	 *
	 * @return int Current row number (+1)
	 * @since 2.3
	 */
	public function position() {

		return $this->row_number + 1;
	}

	/**
	 * Create a Table
	 *
	 * @param string  $table         Table name.
	 * @param string  $fields
	 * @param boolean $if_not_exists Check if the table exists.
	 *
	 * @return array|bool|mixed|null|void
	 *
	 * @uses  PodsData::query
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static function table_create( $table, $fields, $if_not_exists = false ) {

		/**
		 * @var $wpdb wpdb
		 */
		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE';

		if ( true === $if_not_exists ) {
			$sql .= ' IF NOT EXISTS';
		}

		$sql .= " `{$wpdb->prefix}" . self::$prefix . "{$table}` ({$fields})";

		if ( ! empty( $wpdb->charset ) ) {
			$sql .= " DEFAULT CHARACTER SET {$wpdb->charset}";
		}

		if ( ! empty( $wpdb->collate ) ) {
			$sql .= " COLLATE {$wpdb->collate}";
		}

		return self::query( $sql );
	}

	/**
	 * Alter a Table
	 *
	 * @param string $table Table name.
	 * @param string $changes
	 *
	 * @return array|bool|mixed|null|void
	 *
	 * @uses  PodsData::query
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static function table_alter( $table, $changes ) {

		/**
		 * @var $wpdb wpdb
		 */
		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		$sql = "ALTER TABLE `{$wpdb->prefix}" . self::$prefix . "{$table}` {$changes}";

		return self::query( $sql );
	}

	/**
	 * Truncate a Table
	 *
	 * @param string $table Table name.
	 *
	 * @return array|bool|mixed|null|void
	 *
	 * @uses  PodsData::query
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static function table_truncate( $table ) {

		/**
		 * @var $wpdb wpdb
		 */
		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		$sql = "TRUNCATE TABLE `{$wpdb->prefix}" . self::$prefix . "{$table}`";

		return self::query( $sql );
	}

	/**
	 * Drop a Table
	 *
	 * @param string $table Table name.
	 *
	 * @uses  PodsData::query
	 *
	 * @return array|bool|mixed|null|void
	 *
	 * @uses  PodsData::query
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static function table_drop( $table ) {

		/**
		 * @var $wpdb wpdb
		 */
		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		$sql = "DROP TABLE `{$wpdb->prefix}" . self::$prefix . "{$table}`";

		return self::query( $sql );
	}

	/**
	 * Reorder Items
	 *
	 * @param string $table Table name.
	 * @param string $weight_field
	 * @param string $id_field
	 * @param array  $ids
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 *
	 * @uses  PodsData::update
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function reorder( $table, $weight_field, $id_field, $ids ) {

		$success = false;
		$ids     = (array) $ids;

		list( $table, $weight_field, $id_field, $ids ) = self::do_hook(
			'reorder', array(
				$table,
				$weight_field,
				$id_field,
				$ids,
			), $this
		);

		if ( ! empty( $ids ) ) {
			$success = true;

			foreach ( $ids as $weight => $id ) {
				$updated = $this->update( $table, array( $weight_field => $weight ), array( $id_field => $id ), array( '%d' ), array( '%d' ) );

				if ( false === $updated ) {
					$success = false;
				}
			}
		}

		return $success;
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch a new row for the current pod_data
	 *
	 * @param int  $row          Row number to fetch.

Should the type for parameter $row not be integer|null?

	 * @param bool $explicit_set Whether to set explicitly (use false when in loop).
	 *
	 * @return mixed
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function fetch( $row = null, $explicit_set = true ) {

		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		if ( null === $row ) {
			$explicit_set = false;
		}

		$already_cached = false;
		$id             = $row;

		$tableless_field_types = PodsForm::tableless_field_types();

The variable name $tableless_field_types exceeds the maximum configured length of 20.

		if ( null === $row ) {
			$this->row_number ++;

			$this->row = false;

			if ( isset( $this->data[ $this->row_number ] ) ) {
				$this->row = get_object_vars( $this->data[ $this->row_number ] );

				$current_row_id = false;

				if ( in_array(
					$this->pod_data['type'], array(
						'post_type',
						'media',
					), true
				) ) {
					$current_row_id = pods_v( 'ID', $this->row );
				} elseif ( 'taxonomy' === $this->pod_data['type'] ) {
					$current_row_id = pods_v( 'term_id', $this->row );
				} elseif ( 'user' === $this->pod_data['type'] ) {
					$current_row_id = pods_v( 'ID', $this->row );
				} elseif ( 'comment' === $this->pod_data['type'] ) {
					$current_row_id = pods_v( 'comment_ID', $this->row );
				} elseif ( 'settings' === $this->pod_data['type'] ) {
					$current_row_id = $this->pod_data['id'];
				}

				if ( 0 < $current_row_id ) {
					$row = $current_row_id;
				}
			}//end if
		}//end if

		if ( null !== $row || 'settings' === $this->pod_data['type'] ) {
			if ( $explicit_set ) {
				$this->row_number = - 1;
			}

			$mode = 'id';
			$id   = pods_absint( $row );

			if ( ! is_numeric( $row ) || 0 === strpos( $row, '0' ) || $row != preg_replace( '/[^0-9]/', '', $row ) ) {
				$mode = 'slug';
				$id   = $row;
			}

			$row = false;

			if ( ! empty( $this->pod ) ) {
				$row = pods_cache_get( $id, 'pods_items_' . $this->pod );
				if ( false !== $row ) {
					$already_cached = true;
				}
			}

			$current_row_id = false;
			$get_table_data = false;

			$old_row = $this->row;

			if ( false !== $row && is_array( $row ) ) {
				$this->row = $row;
			} elseif ( in_array(
				$this->pod_data['type'], array(
					'post_type',
					'media',
				), true
			) ) {
				if ( 'post_type' === $this->pod_data['type'] ) {
					if ( empty( $this->pod_data['object'] ) ) {
						$post_type = $this->pod_data['name'];
					} else {
						$post_type = $this->pod_data['object'];
					}
				} else {
					$post_type = 'attachment';
				}

				if ( 'id' === $mode ) {
					$this->row = get_post( $id, ARRAY_A );

					if ( is_array( $this->row ) && $this->row['post_type'] != $post_type ) {
						$this->row = false;
					}
				} else {
					$args = array(
						'post_type'   => $post_type,
						'name'        => $id,
						'numberposts' => 5,
					);

					$find = get_posts( $args );

					if ( ! empty( $find ) ) {
						$this->row = get_object_vars( $find[0] );
					}
				}

				if ( is_wp_error( $this->row ) || empty( $this->row ) ) {
					$this->row = false;
				} else {
					$current_row_id = $this->row['ID'];
				}

				$get_table_data = true;
			} elseif ( 'taxonomy' === $this->pod_data['type'] ) {
				$taxonomy = $this->pod_data['object'];

				if ( empty( $taxonomy ) ) {
					$taxonomy = $this->pod_data['name'];
				}

				// Taxonomies are registered during init, so they aren't available before then.
				if ( ! did_action( 'init' ) ) {
					// hackaround :(
					if ( 'id' === $mode ) {
						$term_where = 't.term_id = %d';
					} else {
						$term_where = 't.slug = %s';
					}

					$filter = 'raw';
					$term   = $id;

					if ( 'id' !== $mode || ! $_term = wp_cache_get( $term, $taxonomy ) ) {
						$_term = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT t.*, tt.* FROM $wpdb->terms AS t INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt ON t.term_id = tt.term_id WHERE tt.taxonomy = %s AND {$term_where} LIMIT 1", $taxonomy, $term ) );

Usage of a direct database call is discouraged.

Usage of a direct database call without caching is prohibited. Use wp_cache_get / wp_cache_set.

						if ( $_term ) {
							wp_cache_add( $term, $_term, $taxonomy );
						}
					}

					$_term = apply_filters( 'get_term', $_term, $taxonomy );
					$_term = apply_filters( "get_$taxonomy", $_term, $taxonomy );
					$_term = sanitize_term( $_term, $taxonomy, $filter );

					if ( is_object( $_term ) ) {
						$this->row = get_object_vars( $_term );
					}
				} elseif ( 'id' === $mode ) {
					$this->row = get_term( $id, $taxonomy, ARRAY_A );
				} else {
					$this->row = get_term_by( 'slug', $id, $taxonomy, ARRAY_A );
				}//end if

				if ( is_wp_error( $this->row ) || empty( $this->row ) ) {
					$this->row = false;
				} else {
					$current_row_id = $this->row['term_id'];
				}

				$get_table_data = true;
			} elseif ( 'user' === $this->pod_data['type'] ) {
				if ( 'id' === $mode ) {
					$this->row = get_userdata( $id );
				} else {
					$this->row = get_user_by( 'slug', $id );
				}

				if ( is_wp_error( $this->row ) || empty( $this->row ) ) {
					$this->row = false;
				} else {
					// Get other vars.
					$roles   = $this->row->roles;
					$caps    = $this->row->caps;
					$allcaps = $this->row->allcaps;

					$this->row = get_object_vars( $this->row->data );

					// Set other vars.
					$this->row['roles']   = $roles;
					$this->row['caps']    = $caps;
					$this->row['allcaps'] = $allcaps;

					unset( $this->row['user_pass'] );

					$current_row_id = $this->row['ID'];
				}

				$get_table_data = true;
			} elseif ( 'comment' === $this->pod_data['type'] ) {
				$this->row = get_comment( $id, ARRAY_A );

				// No slug handling here.
				if ( is_wp_error( $this->row ) || empty( $this->row ) ) {
					$this->row = false;
				} else {
					$current_row_id = $this->row['comment_ID'];
				}

				$get_table_data = true;
			} elseif ( 'settings' === $this->pod_data['type'] ) {
				$this->row = array();

				if ( empty( $this->fields ) ) {
					$this->row = false;
				} else {
					foreach ( $this->fields as $field ) {
						if ( ! in_array( $field['type'], $tableless_field_types, true ) ) {
							$this->row[ $field['name'] ] = get_option( $this->pod_data['name'] . '_' . $field['name'], null );
						}
					}

					// Force ID.
					$this->id               = $this->pod_data['id'];
					$this->row['option_id'] = $this->id;
				}
			} else {
				$params = array(
					'table'   => $this->table,
					'where'   => "`t`.`{$this->field_id}` = " . (int) $id,
					'orderby' => "`t`.`{$this->field_id}` DESC",
					'page'    => 1,
					'limit'   => 1,
					'search'  => false,
				);

				if ( 'slug' === $mode && ! empty( $this->field_slug ) ) {
					$id              = pods_sanitize( $id );
					$params['where'] = "`t`.`{$this->field_slug}` = '{$id}'";
				}

				$this->row = pods_data()->select( $params );

				if ( empty( $this->row ) ) {
					$this->row = false;
				} else {
					$current_row = (array) $this->row;
					$this->row   = get_object_vars( (object) @current( $current_row ) );

Silencing errors is discouraged

				}
			}//end if

			if ( ! $explicit_set && ! empty( $this->row ) && is_array( $this->row ) && ! empty( $old_row ) ) {
				$this->row = array_merge( $old_row, $this->row );
			}

			if ( 'table' === $this->pod_data['storage'] && false !== $get_table_data && is_numeric( $current_row_id ) ) {
				$params = array(
					'table'   => $wpdb->prefix . 'pods_',
					'where'   => "`t`.`id` = {$current_row_id}",
					'orderby' => '`t`.`id` DESC',
					'page'    => 1,
					'limit'   => 1,
					'search'  => false,
					'strict'  => true,
				);

				if ( empty( $this->pod_data['object'] ) ) {
					$params['table'] .= $this->pod_data['name'];
				} else {
					$params['table'] .= $this->pod_data['object'];
				}

				$row = pods_data()->select( $params );

				if ( ! empty( $row ) ) {
					$current_row = (array) $row;
					$row         = get_object_vars( (object) @current( $current_row ) );

Silencing errors is discouraged

					if ( is_array( $this->row ) && ! empty( $this->row ) ) {
						$this->row = array_merge( $this->row, $row );
					} else {
						$this->row = $row;
					}
				}
			}//end if

			if ( ! empty( $this->pod ) && ! $already_cached ) {
				pods_cache_set( $id, $this->row, 'pods_items_' . $this->pod, 0 );
			}
		}//end if

		$this->row = apply_filters( 'pods_data_fetch', $this->row, $id, $this->row_number, $this );

		return $this->row;
	}

	/**
	 * Reset the current data
	 *
	 * @param int $row Row number to reset to.

Should the type for parameter $row not be integer|null?

	 *
	 * @return mixed

Consider making the return type a bit more specific; maybe use array|false.

	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function reset( $row = null ) {

		$row = pods_absint( $row );

		$this->row = false;

		if ( isset( $this->data[ $row ] ) ) {
			$this->row = get_object_vars( $this->data[ $row ] );
		}

		if ( empty( $row ) ) {
			$this->row_number = - 1;
		} else {
			$this->row_number = $row - 1;
		}

		return $this->row;
	}

	/**
	 * @static
	 *
	 * Do a query on the database
	 *
	 * @param string|array $sql              The SQL to execute.
	 * @param string       $error            Error to throw on problems.
	 * @param null         $results_error    (optional).
	 * @param null         $no_results_error (optional).
	 *
	 * @return array|bool|mixed|null|void Result of the query
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static function query( $sql, $error = 'Database Error', $results_error = null, $no_results_error = null ) {

		/**
		 * @var $wpdb wpdb
		 */
		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		if ( $wpdb->show_errors ) {
			self::$display_errors = true;
		}

		$display_errors = self::$display_errors;

		if ( is_object( $error ) ) {
			if ( isset( $error->display_errors ) && false === $error->display_errors ) {
				$display_errors = false;
			}

			$error = 'Database Error';
		} elseif ( is_bool( $error ) ) {
			$display_errors = $error;

			if ( false !== $error ) {
				$error = 'Database Error';
			}
		}

		$params = (object) array(
			'sql'              => $sql,
			'error'            => $error,
			'results_error'    => $results_error,
			'no_results_error' => $no_results_error,
			'display_errors'   => $display_errors,
		);

		// Handle Preparations of Values (sprintf format).
		if ( is_array( $sql ) ) {
			if ( isset( $sql[0] ) && 1 < count( $sql ) ) {
				if ( 2 === count( $sql ) ) {
					if ( ! is_array( $sql[1] ) ) {
						$sql[1] = array( $sql[1] );
					}

					$params->sql = self::prepare( $sql[0], $sql[1] );
				} elseif ( 3 === count( $sql ) ) {
					$params->sql = self::prepare( $sql[0], array( $sql[1], $sql[2] ) );
				} else {
					$params->sql = self::prepare( $sql[0], array( $sql[1], $sql[2], $sql[3] ) );
				}
			} else {
				$params = array_merge( $params, $sql );
			}

			if ( 1 === (int) pods_v( 'pods_debug_sql_all', 'get', 0 ) && pods_is_admin( array( 'pods' ) ) ) {
				echo '<textarea cols="100" rows="24">' . esc_textarea(
					str_replace(
						array(
							'@wp_users',
							'@wp_',
						), array( $wpdb->users, $wpdb->prefix ), $params->sql

Usage of users/usermeta tables is highly discouraged in VIP context, For storing user additional user metadata, you should look at User Attributes.

					)
				) . '</textarea>';
			}
		}//end if

		$params->sql = trim( $params->sql );

		// Run Query.
		$params->sql = apply_filters( 'pods_data_query', $params->sql, $params );

		$result = $wpdb->query( $params->sql );

Usage of a direct database call is discouraged.

Usage of a direct database call without caching is prohibited. Use wp_cache_get / wp_cache_set.

		$result = apply_filters( 'pods_data_query_result', $result, $params );

		if ( false === $result && ! empty( $params->error ) && ! empty( $wpdb->last_error ) ) {
			return pods_error( "{$params->error}; SQL: {$params->sql}; Response: {$wpdb->last_error}", $params->display_errors );
		}

		if ( 'INSERT' === strtoupper( substr( $params->sql, 0, 6 ) ) || 'REPLACE' === strtoupper( substr( $params->sql, 0, 7 ) ) ) {
			$result = $wpdb->insert_id;
		} elseif ( preg_match( '/^[\s\r\n\(]*SELECT/', strtoupper( $params->sql ) ) ) {
			$result = (array) $wpdb->last_result;

			if ( ! empty( $result ) && ! empty( $params->results_error ) ) {
				return pods_error( $params->results_error, $params->display_errors );
			} elseif ( empty( $result ) && ! empty( $params->no_results_error ) ) {
				return pods_error( $params->no_results_error, $params->display_errors );
			}
		}

		return $result;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets all tables in the WP database, optionally exclude WP core
	 * tables, and/or Pods table by settings the parameters to false.
	 *
	 * @param boolean $wp_core
	 * @param boolean $pods_tables restrict Pods 2x tables.
	 *
	 * @return array
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static function get_tables( $wp_core = true, $pods_tables = true ) {

		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		$core_wp_tables = array(
			$wpdb->options,
			$wpdb->comments,
			$wpdb->commentmeta,
			$wpdb->posts,
			$wpdb->postmeta,
			$wpdb->users,

Usage of users/usermeta tables is highly discouraged in VIP context, For storing user additional user metadata, you should look at User Attributes.

			$wpdb->usermeta,

Usage of users/usermeta tables is highly discouraged in VIP context, For storing user additional user metadata, you should look at User Attributes.

			$wpdb->links,
			$wpdb->terms,
			$wpdb->term_taxonomy,
			$wpdb->term_relationships,
		);

		$showTables = $wpdb->get_results( 'SHOW TABLES in ' . DB_NAME, ARRAY_A );

Usage of a direct database call is discouraged.

Usage of a direct database call without caching is prohibited. Use wp_cache_get / wp_cache_set.

		$finalTables = array();

		foreach ( $showTables as $table ) {
			if ( ! $pods_tables && 0 === ( strpos( $table[0], $wpdb->prefix . rtrim( self::$prefix, '_' ) ) ) ) {
				// don't include pods tables.
				continue;
			} elseif ( ! $wp_core && in_array( $table[0], $core_wp_tables, true ) ) {
				continue;
			} else {
				$finalTables[] = $table[0];
			}
		}

		return $finalTables;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets column information from a table
	 *
	 * @param string $table Table Name.
	 *
	 * @return array
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static function get_table_columns( $table ) {

		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		self::query( "SHOW COLUMNS FROM `{$table}` " );

		$table_columns = $wpdb->last_result;

		$table_cols_and_types = array();

		foreach ( $table_columns as $table_col ) {
			// Get only the type, not the attributes.
			if ( false === strpos( $table_col->Type, '(' ) ) {
				$modified_type = $table_col->Type;
			} else {
				$modified_type = substr( $table_col->Type, 0, ( strpos( $table_col->Type, '(' ) ) );
			}

			$table_cols_and_types[ $table_col->Field ] = $modified_type;
		}

		return $table_cols_and_types;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets column data information from a table
	 *
	 * @param string $column_name Column name.
	 * @param string $table       Table name.
	 *
	 * @return array
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static function get_column_data( $column_name, $table ) {

		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		$column_data = $wpdb->get_results( 'DESCRIBE ' . $table, ARRAY_A );

Usage of a direct database call is discouraged.

Usage of a direct database call without caching is prohibited. Use wp_cache_get / wp_cache_set.

		foreach ( $column_data as $single_column ) {
			if ( $column_name === $single_column['Field'] ) {
				return $single_column;
			}
		}

		return $column_data;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepare values for the DB
	 *
	 * @param string $sql  SQL to prepare.
	 * @param array  $data Data to add to the sql prepare statement.
	 *
	 * @return bool|null|string
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static function prepare( $sql, $data ) {

		/**
		 * @var $wpdb wpdb
		 */
		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		list( $sql, $data ) = apply_filters( 'pods_data_prepare', array( $sql, $data ) );

		return $wpdb->prepare( $sql, $data );
	}

	/**
	 * Get the string to use in a query for WHERE/HAVING, uses WP_Query meta_query arguments
	 *
	 * @param array  $fields Array of field matches for querying.
	 * @param array  $pod    Related Pod.

Should the type for parameter $pod not be array|null? Also, consider making the array more specific, something like array<String>, or String[].

	 * @param object $params Parameters passed from select().

Should the type for parameter $params not be object|null?

	 *
	 * @return string|null Query string for WHERE/HAVING
	 *
	 * @static
	 * @since 2.3
	 */
	public static function query_fields( $fields, $pod = null, &$params = null ) {

		$query_fields = array();

		if ( ! is_object( $params ) ) {
			$params = new stdClass();
		}

		if ( ! isset( $params->query_field_level ) || 0 === $params->query_field_level ) {
			$params->query_fields       = array();
			$params->query_field_syntax = false;
			$params->query_field_level  = 1;

			if ( ! isset( $params->where_default ) ) {
				$params->where_default = array();
			}

			if ( ! isset( $params->where_defaulted ) ) {
				$params->where_defaulted = false;
			}
		}

		$current_level = $params->query_field_level;

		$relation = 'AND';

		if ( isset( $fields['relation'] ) ) {
			$relation = strtoupper( trim( pods_v( 'relation', $fields, 'AND', true ) ) );

			if ( 'AND' !== $relation ) {
				$relation = 'OR';
			}

			unset( $fields['relation'] );
		}

		foreach ( $fields as $field => $match ) {
			if ( is_array( $match ) && isset( $match['relation'] ) ) {
				$params->query_field_level = $current_level + 1;

				$query_field = self::query_fields( $match, $pod, $params );

				$params->query_field_level = $current_level;

				if ( ! empty( $query_field ) ) {
					$query_fields[] = $query_field;
				}
			} else {
				$query_field = self::query_field( $field, $match, $pod, $params );

				if ( ! empty( $query_field ) ) {
					$query_fields[] = $query_field;
				}
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $query_fields ) ) {
			// If post_status not sent, detect it.
			if ( ! empty( $pod ) && 'post_type' === $pod['type'] && 1 === $current_level && ! $params->where_defaulted && ! empty( $params->where_default ) ) {
				$post_status_found = false;

				if ( ! $params->query_field_syntax ) {
					$haystack = implode( ' ', (array) $query_fields );
					$haystack = preg_replace( '/\s/', ' ', $haystack );
					$haystack = preg_replace( '/\w\(/', ' ', $haystack );
					$haystack = str_replace( array( '(', ')', '  ', '\\\'', '\\"' ), ' ', $haystack );

					preg_match_all( '/`?[\w\-]+`?(?:\\.`?[\w\-]+`?)+(?=[^"\']*(?:"[^"]*"[^"]*|\'[^\']*\'[^\']*)*$)/', $haystack, $found, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER );

					$found = (array) @current( $found );

Silencing errors is discouraged

					foreach ( $found as $value ) {
						$value = str_replace( '`', '', $value );
						$value = explode( '.', $value );

						if ( ( 'post_status' === $value[0] && 1 === count( $value ) ) || ( 2 === count( $value ) && 't' === $value[0] && 'post_status' === $value[1] ) ) {
							$post_status_found = true;

							break;
						}
					}
				} elseif ( ! empty( $params->query_fields ) && in_array( 'post_status', $params->query_fields, true ) ) {
					$post_status_found = true;
				}//end if

				if ( ! $post_status_found ) {
					$query_fields[] = $params->where_default;
				}
			}//end if

			if ( 1 < count( $query_fields ) ) {
				$query_fields = '( ( ' . implode( ' ) ' . $relation . ' ( ', $query_fields ) . ' ) )';
			} else {
				$query_fields = '( ' . implode( ' ' . $relation . ' ', $query_fields ) . ' )';
			}
		} else {
			$query_fields = null;
		}//end if

		// query_fields level complete.
		if ( 1 === $params->query_field_level ) {
			$params->query_field_level = 0;
		}

		return $query_fields;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the string to use in a query for matching, uses WP_Query meta_query arguments
	 *
	 * @param string|int   $field  Field name or array index.
	 * @param array|string $q      Query array (meta_query) or string for matching.
	 * @param array        $pod    Related Pod.

Should the type for parameter $pod not be array|null? Also, consider making the array more specific, something like array<String>, or String[].

	 * @param object       $params Parameters passed from select().

Should the type for parameter $params not be object|null?

	 *
	 * @return string|null Query field string
	 *
	 * @see   PodsData::query_fields
	 * @static
	 * @since 2.3
	 */
	public static function query_field( $field, $q, $pod = null, &$params = null ) {

Avoid variables with short names like $q. Configured minimum length is 3.

		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		$simple_tableless_objects = PodsForm::simple_tableless_objects();

The variable name $simple_tableless_objects exceeds the maximum configured length of 20.

		$field_query = null;

		// Plain queries.
		if ( is_numeric( $field ) && ! is_array( $q ) ) {
			return $q;
		} elseif ( ! is_numeric( $field ) && ( ! is_array( $q ) || ! isset( $q['key'], $q['field'] ) ) ) {
			$new_q = array(
				'field'           => $field,
				'compare'         => pods_v( 'compare', $q, '=', true ),
				'value'           => pods_v( 'value', $q, $q, true ),
				'sanitize'        => pods_v( 'sanitize', $q, true ),
				'sanitize_format' => pods_v( 'sanitize_format', $q ),
				'cast'            => pods_v( 'cast', $q ),
			);

			if ( is_array( $new_q['value'] ) ) {
				if ( '=' === $new_q['compare'] ) {
					$new_q['compare'] = 'IN';
				}

				if ( isset( $new_q['value']['compare'] ) ) {
					unset( $new_q['value']['compare'] );
				}
			}

			$q = $new_q;
		}//end if

		$field_name  = trim( pods_v( 'field', $q, pods_v( 'key', $q, $field, true ), true ) );
		$field_type  = strtoupper( trim( pods_v( 'type', $q, 'CHAR', true ) ) );
		$field_value = pods_v( 'value', $q );

		$field_compare = '=';

		if ( is_array( $field_value ) ) {
			$field_compare = 'IN';
		}

		$field_compare         = strtoupper( trim( pods_v( 'compare', $q, $field_compare, true ) ) );
		$field_sanitize        = (boolean) pods_v( 'sanitize', $q, true );
		$field_sanitize_format = pods_v( 'sanitize_format', $q, null, true );

The variable name $field_sanitize_format exceeds the maximum configured length of 20.

		$field_cast            = pods_v( 'cast', $q, null, true );

		if ( is_object( $params ) ) {
			$params->meta_query_syntax = true;
			$params->query_fields[]    = $field_name;
		}

		// Deprecated WP type.
		if ( 'NUMERIC' === $field_type ) {
			$field_type = 'SIGNED';
		} elseif ( ! in_array(
			$field_type, array(
				'BINARY',
				'CHAR',
				'DATE',
				'DATETIME',
				'DECIMAL',
				'SIGNED',
				'TIME',
				'UNSIGNED',
			), true
		) ) {
			$field_type = 'CHAR';
		}

		// Alias / Casting.
		if ( empty( $field_cast ) ) {
			// Setup field casting from field name.
			if ( false === strpos( $field_name, '`' ) && false === strpos( $field_name, '(' ) && false === strpos( $field_name, ' ' ) ) {
				// Handle field naming if Pod-based.
				if ( ! empty( $pod ) && false === strpos( $field_name, '.' ) ) {
					$field_cast = '';

					$tableless_field_types = PodsForm::tableless_field_types();

The variable name $tableless_field_types exceeds the maximum configured length of 20.

					if ( isset( $pod['fields'][ $field_name ] ) && in_array( $pod['fields'][ $field_name ]['type'], $tableless_field_types, true ) ) {
						if ( in_array( $pod['fields'][ $field_name ]['pick_object'], $simple_tableless_objects, true ) ) {
							if ( 'meta' === $pod['storage'] ) {
								$field_cast = "`{$field_name}`.`meta_value`";
							} else {
								$field_cast = "`t`.`{$field_name}`";
							}
						} else {
							$table = pods_api()->get_table_info( $pod['fields'][ $field_name ]['pick_object'], $pod['fields'][ $field_name ]['pick_val'] );

							if ( ! empty( $table ) ) {
								$field_cast = "`{$field_name}`.`" . $table['field_index'] . '`';
							}
						}
					}

					if ( empty( $field_cast ) ) {
						if ( ! in_array(
							$pod['type'], array(
								'pod',
								'table',
							), true
						) ) {
							if ( isset( $pod['object_fields'][ $field_name ] ) ) {
								$field_cast = "`t`.`{$field_name}`";
							} elseif ( isset( $pod['fields'][ $field_name ] ) ) {
								if ( 'meta' === $pod['storage'] ) {
									$field_cast = "`{$field_name}`.`meta_value`";
								} else {
									$field_cast = "`d`.`{$field_name}`";
								}
							} else {
								foreach ( $pod['object_fields'] as $object_field => $object_field_opt ) {
									if ( $object_field === $field_name || in_array( $field_name, $object_field_opt['alias'], true ) ) {
										$field_cast = "`t`.`{$object_field}`";

										break;
									}
								}
							}
						} elseif ( isset( $pod['fields'][ $field_name ] ) ) {
							if ( 'meta' === $pod['storage'] ) {
								$field_cast = "`{$field_name}`.`meta_value`";
							} else {
								$field_cast = "`t`.`{$field_name}`";
							}
						}//end if

						if ( empty( $field_cast ) ) {
							if ( 'meta' === $pod['storage'] ) {
								$field_cast = "`{$field_name}`.`meta_value`";
							} else {
								$field_cast = "`t`.`{$field_name}`";
							}
						}
					}//end if
				} else {
					$field_cast = '`' . str_replace( '.', '`.`', $field_name ) . '`';
				}//end if
			} else {
				$field_cast = $field_name;
			}//end if

			// Cast field if needed.
			if ( 'CHAR' !== $field_type ) {
				$field_cast = 'CAST( ' . $field_cast . ' AS ' . $field_type . ' )';
			}
		}//end if

		// Setup string sanitizing for $wpdb->prepare().
		if ( empty( $field_sanitize_format ) ) {
			// Sanitize as string.
			$field_sanitize_format = '%s';

			// Sanitize as integer if needed.
			if ( in_array( $field_type, array( 'UNSIGNED', 'SIGNED' ), true ) ) {
				$field_sanitize_format = '%d';
			}
		}

		// Restrict to supported comparisons.
		if ( ! in_array(
			$field_compare, array(
				'=',
				'!=',
				'>',
				'>=',
				'<',
				'<=',
				'LIKE',
				'NOT LIKE',
				'IN',
				'NOT IN',
				'ALL',
				'BETWEEN',
				'NOT BETWEEN',
				'EXISTS',
				'NOT EXISTS',
				'REGEXP',
				'NOT REGEXP',
				'RLIKE',
			), true
		) ) {
			$field_compare = '=';
		}

		// Restrict to supported array comparisons.
		if ( is_array( $field_value ) && ! in_array(
			$field_compare, array(
				'IN',
				'NOT IN',
				'ALL',
				'BETWEEN',
				'NOT BETWEEN',
			), true
		) ) {
			if ( in_array(
				$field_compare, array(
					'!=',
					'NOT LIKE',
				), true
			) ) {
				$field_compare = 'NOT IN';
			} else {
				$field_compare = 'IN';
			}
		} elseif ( ! is_array( $field_value ) && in_array(
			$field_compare, array(
				'IN',
				'NOT IN',
				'ALL',
				'BETWEEN',
				'NOT BETWEEN',
			), true
		) ) {
			$check_value = preg_split( '/[,\s]+/', $field_value );

			if ( 1 < count( $check_value ) ) {
				$field_value = $check_value;
			} elseif ( in_array(
				$field_compare, array(
					'NOT IN',
					'NOT BETWEEN',
				), true
			) ) {
				$field_compare = '!=';
			} else {
				$field_compare = '=';
			}
		}//end if

		// Restrict to two values, force = and != if only one value provided.
		if ( in_array(
			$field_compare, array(
				'BETWEEN',
				'NOT BETWEEN',
			), true
		) ) {
			$field_value = array_values( array_slice( $field_value, 0, 2 ) );

			if ( 1 === count( $field_value ) ) {
				if ( 'NOT IN' === $field_compare ) {
					$field_compare = '!=';
				} else {
					$field_compare = '=';
				}
			}
		}

		// Single array handling.
		if ( 1 === count( (array) $field_value ) && 'ALL' === $field_compare ) {
			$field_compare = '=';
		} elseif ( empty( $field_value ) && in_array(
			$field_compare, array(
				'IN',
				'NOT IN',
				'BETWEEN',
				'NOT BETWEEN',
			), true
		) ) {
			$field_compare = 'EXISTS';
		}

		// Rebuild $q.
		$q = array(
			'field'           => $field_name,
			'type'            => $field_type,
			'value'           => $field_value,
			'compare'         => $field_compare,
			'sanitize'        => $field_sanitize,
			'sanitize_format' => $field_sanitize_format,
			'cast'            => $field_cast,
		);

		// Make the query.
		if ( in_array(
			$field_compare, array(
				'=',
				'!=',
				'>',
				'>=',
				'<',
				'<=',
				'REGEXP',
				'NOT REGEXP',
				'RLIKE',
			), true
		) ) {
			if ( $field_sanitize ) {
				$field_query = $wpdb->prepare( $field_cast . ' ' . $field_compare . ' ' . $field_sanitize_format, $field_value );
			} else {
				$field_query = $field_cast . ' ' . $field_compare . ' "' . $field_value . '"';
			}
		} elseif ( in_array(
			$field_compare, array(
				'LIKE',
				'NOT LIKE',
			), true
		) ) {
			if ( $field_sanitize ) {
				$field_query = $field_cast . ' ' . $field_compare . ' "%' . pods_sanitize_like( $field_value ) . '%"';
			} else {
				$field_query = $field_cast . ' ' . $field_compare . ' "' . $field_value . '"';
			}
		} elseif ( in_array(
			$field_compare, array(
				'IN',
				'NOT IN',
				'ALL',
			), true
		) ) {
			if ( 'ALL' === $field_compare ) {
				$field_compare = 'IN';

				if ( ! empty( $pod ) ) {
					$params->having[] = 'COUNT( DISTINCT ' . $field_cast . ' ) = ' . count( $field_value );

					if ( empty( $params->groupby ) || ( ! in_array( '`t`.`' . $pod['field_id'] . '`', $params->groupby, true ) && ! in_array( 't.' . $pod['field_id'] . '', $params->groupby, true ) ) ) {
						$params->groupby[] = '`t`.`' . $pod['field_id'] . '`';
					}
				}
			}

			if ( $field_sanitize ) {
				$field_query = $wpdb->prepare( $field_cast . ' ' . $field_compare . ' ( ' . substr( str_repeat( ', ' . $field_sanitize_format, count( $field_value ) ), 1 ) . ' )', $field_value );
			} else {
				$field_query = $field_cast . ' ' . $field_compare . ' ( "' . implode( '", "', $field_value ) . '" )';
			}
		} elseif ( in_array(
			$field_compare, array(
				'BETWEEN',
				'NOT BETWEEN',
			), true
		) ) {
			if ( $field_sanitize ) {
				$field_query = $wpdb->prepare( $field_cast . ' ' . $field_compare . ' ' . $field_sanitize_format . ' AND ' . $field_sanitize_format, $field_value );
			} else {
				$field_query = $field_cast . ' ' . $field_compare . ' "' . $field_value[0] . '" AND "' . $field_value[1] . '"';
			}
		} elseif ( 'EXISTS' === $field_compare ) {
			$field_query = $field_cast . ' IS NOT NULL';
		} elseif ( 'NOT EXISTS' === $field_compare ) {
			$field_query = $field_cast . ' IS NULL';
		}//end if

		$field_query = apply_filters( 'pods_data_field_query', $field_query, $q );

		return $field_query;
	}

	/**
	 * Setup fields for traversal
	 *
	 * @param array  $fields Associative array of fields data.

Should the type for parameter $fields not be array|null? Also, consider making the array more specific, something like array<String>, or String[].

	 *
	 * @return array Traverse feed
	 *
	 * @param object $params (optional) Parameters from build().

Should the type for parameter $params not be object|null?

	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function traverse_build( $fields = null, $params = null ) {

		if ( null === $fields ) {
			$fields = $this->fields;
		}

		$feed = array();

		foreach ( $fields as $field => $data ) {
			if ( ! is_array( $data ) ) {
				$field = $data;
			}

			if ( ! isset( $_GET[ 'filter_' . $field ] ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			$field_value = pods_v( 'filter_' . $field, 'get', false, true );

			if ( ! empty( $field_value ) || 0 < strlen( $field_value ) ) {
				$feed[ 'traverse_' . $field ] = array( $field );
			}
		}

		return $feed;
	}

	/**
	 * Recursively join tables based on fields
	 *
	 * @param array $traverse_recurse Array of traversal options.
	 *
	 * @return array Array of table joins
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public function traverse_recurse( $traverse_recurse ) {

		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		$defaults = array(
			'pod'             => null,
			'fields'          => array(),
			'joined'          => 't',
			'depth'           => 0,
			'joined_id'       => 'id',
			'joined_index'    => 'id',
			'params'          => new stdClass(),
			'last_table_info' => array(),
		);

		$traverse_recurse = array_merge( $defaults, $traverse_recurse );

		$joins = array();

		if ( 0 === $traverse_recurse['depth'] && ! empty( $traverse_recurse['pod'] ) && ! empty( $traverse_recurse ['last_table_info'] ) && isset( $traverse_recurse ['last_table_info']['id'] ) ) {
			$pod_data = $traverse_recurse ['last_table_info'];
		} elseif ( empty( $traverse_recurse['pod'] ) ) {
			if ( ! empty( $traverse_recurse['params'] ) && ! empty( $traverse_recurse['params']->table ) && 0 === strpos( $traverse_recurse['params']->table, $wpdb->prefix ) ) {
				if ( $wpdb->posts === $traverse_recurse['params']->table ) {
					$traverse_recurse['pod'] = 'post_type';
				} elseif ( $wpdb->terms === $traverse_recurse['params']->table ) {
					$traverse_recurse['pod'] = 'taxonomy';
				} elseif ( $wpdb->users === $traverse_recurse['params']->table ) {

Usage of users/usermeta tables is highly discouraged in VIP context, For storing user additional user metadata, you should look at User Attributes.

					$traverse_recurse['pod'] = 'user';
				} elseif ( $wpdb->comments === $traverse_recurse['params']->table ) {
					$traverse_recurse['pod'] = 'comment';
				} else {
					return $joins;
				}

				$pod_data = array();

				if ( in_array(
					$traverse_recurse['pod'], array(
						'user',
						'comment',
					), true
				) ) {
					$pod = $this->api->load_pod(
						array(
							'name'       => $traverse_recurse['pod'],
							'table_info' => true,
						)
					);

					if ( ! empty( $pod ) && $pod['type'] === $pod ) {
						$pod_data = $pod;
					}
				}

				if ( empty( $pod_data ) ) {
					$default_storage = 'meta';

					if ( 'taxonomy' === $traverse_recurse['pod'] && ! function_exists( 'get_term_meta' ) ) {
						$default_storage = 'none';
					}

					$pod_data = array(
						'id'            => 0,
						'name'          => '_table_' . $traverse_recurse['pod'],
						'type'          => $traverse_recurse['pod'],
						'storage'       => $default_storage,
						'fields'        => array(),
						'object_fields' => $this->api->get_wp_object_fields( $traverse_recurse['pod'] ),
					);

					$pod_data = array_merge( $this->api->get_table_info( $traverse_recurse['pod'], '' ), $pod_data );
				} elseif ( 'taxonomy' === $pod_data['type'] && 'none' === $pod_data['storage'] && function_exists( 'get_term_meta' ) ) {
					$pod_data['storage'] = 'meta';
				}

				$traverse_recurse['pod'] = $pod_data['name'];
			} else {
				return $joins;
			}//end if
		} else {
			$pod_data = $this->api->load_pod(
				array(
					'name'       => $traverse_recurse['pod'],
					'table_info' => true,
				), false
			);

			if ( empty( $pod_data ) ) {
				return $joins;
			}
		}//end if

		if ( isset( $pod_data['object_fields'] ) ) {
			$pod_data['fields'] = array_merge( $pod_data['fields'], $pod_data['object_fields'] );
		}

		$tableless_field_types    = PodsForm::tableless_field_types();

The variable name $tableless_field_types exceeds the maximum configured length of 20.

		$simple_tableless_objects = PodsForm::simple_tableless_objects();

The variable name $simple_tableless_objects exceeds the maximum configured length of 20.

		$file_field_types         = PodsForm::file_field_types();

		if ( ! isset( $this->traversal[ $traverse_recurse['pod'] ] ) ) {
			$this->traversal[ $traverse_recurse['pod'] ] = array();
		}

		if ( ( empty( $pod_data['meta_table'] ) || $pod_data['meta_table'] === $pod_data['table'] ) && ( empty( $traverse_recurse['fields'] ) || empty( $traverse_recurse['fields'][ $traverse_recurse['depth'] ] ) ) ) {
			return $joins;
		}

		$field = $traverse_recurse['fields'][ $traverse_recurse['depth'] ];

		$ignore_aliases = array(
			'wpml_languages',
			'polylang_languages',
		);

		$ignore_aliases = apply_filters( 'pods_data_traverse_recurse_ignore_aliases', $ignore_aliases, $field, $traverse_recurse, $this );

		if ( in_array( $field, $ignore_aliases, true ) ) {
			return $joins;
		}

		$meta_data_table = false;

		if ( ! isset( $pod_data['fields'][ $field ] ) && 'd' === $field && isset( $traverse_recurse['fields'][ $traverse_recurse['depth'] - 1 ] ) ) {
			$field = $traverse_recurse['fields'][ $traverse_recurse['depth'] - 1 ];

			$field_type = 'pick';

			if ( isset( $traverse_recurse['last_table_info']['pod']['fields'][ $field ] ) ) {
				$field_type = $traverse_recurse['last_table_info']['pod']['fields'][ $field ]['type'];
			} elseif ( isset( $traverse_recurse['last_table_info']['pod']['object_fields'][ $field ] ) ) {
				$field_type = $traverse_recurse['last_table_info']['pod']['object_fields'][ $field ]['type'];
			}

			$pod_data['fields'][ $field ] = array(
				'id'          => 0,
				'name'        => $field,
				'type'        => $field_type,
				'pick_object' => $traverse_recurse['last_table_info']['pod']['type'],
				'pick_val'    => $traverse_recurse['last_table_info']['pod']['name'],
			);

			$meta_data_table = true;
		}//end if

		// Fallback to meta table if the pod type supports it.
		if ( ! isset( $pod_data['fields'][ $field ] ) ) {
			$last = end( $traverse_recurse['fields'] );

			if ( 'post_type' === $pod_data['type'] && ! isset( $pod_data['object_fields'] ) ) {
				$pod_data['object_fields'] = $this->api->get_wp_object_fields( 'post_type', $pod_data );
			}

			if ( 'post_type' === $pod_data['type'] && isset( $pod_data['object_fields'][ $field ] ) && in_array( $pod_data['object_fields'][ $field ]['type'], $tableless_field_types, true ) ) {
				$pod_data['fields'][ $field ] = $pod_data['object_fields'][ $field ];
			} elseif ( 'meta_value' === $last && in_array(
				$pod_data['type'], array(
					'post_type',
					'media',
					'taxonomy',
					'user',
					'comment',
				), true
			) ) {
				$pod_data['fields'][ $field ] = PodsForm::field_setup( array( 'name' => $field ) );
			} else {
				if ( 'post_type' === $pod_data['type'] ) {
					$pod_data['object_fields'] = $this->api->get_wp_object_fields( 'post_type', $pod_data, true );

					if ( 'post_type' === $pod_data['type'] && isset( $pod_data['object_fields'][ $field ] ) && in_array( $pod_data['object_fields'][ $field ]['type'], $tableless_field_types, true ) ) {
						$pod_data['fields'][ $field ] = $pod_data['object_fields'][ $field ];
					} else {
						return $joins;
					}
				} else {
					return $joins;
				}
			}//end if
		} elseif ( isset( $pod_data['object_fields'] ) && isset( $pod_data['object_fields'][ $field ] ) && ! in_array( $pod_data['object_fields'][ $field ]['type'], $tableless_field_types, true ) ) {
			return $joins;
		}//end if

		$traverse = $pod_data['fields'][ $field ];

		if ( in_array( $traverse['type'], $file_field_types, true ) ) {
			$traverse['table_info'] = $this->api->get_table_info( 'post_type', 'attachment' );
		} elseif ( ! in_array( $traverse['type'], $tableless_field_types, true ) ) {
			$traverse['table_info'] = $this->api->get_table_info( $pod_data['type'], $pod_data['name'], $pod_data['name'], $pod_data );
		} elseif ( empty( $traverse['table_info'] ) || ( in_array( $traverse['pick_object'], $simple_tableless_objects, true ) && ! empty( $traverse_recurse['last_table_info'] ) ) ) {
			if ( in_array( $traverse['pick_object'], $simple_tableless_objects, true ) && ! empty( $traverse_recurse['last_table_info'] ) ) {
				$traverse['table_info'] = $traverse_recurse['last_table_info'];

				if ( ! empty( $traverse['table_info']['meta_table'] ) ) {
					$meta_data_table = true;
				}
			} elseif ( ! in_array( $traverse['type'], $tableless_field_types, true ) && ! empty( $traverse_recurse['last_table_info'] ) && 0 === $traverse_recurse['depth'] ) {
				$traverse['table_info'] = $traverse_recurse['last_table_info'];
			} else {
				if ( ! isset( $traverse['pod'] ) ) {
					$traverse['pod'] = null;
				}

				$traverse['table_info'] = $this->api->get_table_info( $traverse['pick_object'], $traverse['pick_val'], null, $traverse['pod'], $traverse );
			}
		}//end if

		if ( isset( $this->traversal[ $traverse_recurse['pod'] ][ $traverse['name'] ] ) ) {
			$traverse = array_merge( $traverse, (array) $this->traversal[ $traverse_recurse['pod'] ][ $traverse['name'] ] );
		}

		$traverse = apply_filters( 'pods_data_traverse', $traverse, compact( 'pod', 'fields', 'joined', 'depth', 'joined_id', 'params' ), $this );

		if ( empty( $traverse ) ) {
			return $joins;
		}

		$traverse['id'] = (int) $traverse['id'];

		if ( empty( $traverse['id'] ) ) {
			$traverse['id'] = $field;
		}

		$table_info = $traverse['table_info'];

		$this->traversal[ $traverse_recurse['pod'] ][ $field ] = $traverse;

		$field_joined = $field;

		if ( 0 < $traverse_recurse['depth'] && 't' !== $traverse_recurse['joined'] ) {
			if ( $meta_data_table && ( 'pick' !== $traverse['type'] || ! in_array( pods_v( 'pick_object', $traverse, true ), $simple_tableless_objects ) ) ) {
				$field_joined = $traverse_recurse['joined'] . '_d';
			} else {
				$field_joined = $traverse_recurse['joined'] . '_' . $field;
			}
		}

		$rel_alias = 'rel_' . $field_joined;

		if ( pods_v( 'search', $traverse_recurse['params'], false ) && empty( $traverse_recurse['params']->filters ) ) {
			if ( 0 < strlen( pods_v( 'filter_' . $field_joined ) ) ) {
				$val = absint( pods_v( 'filter_' . $field_joined ) );

				$search = "`{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'field_id' ]}` = {$val}";

				if ( 'text' === $this->search_mode ) {
					$val = pods_v_sanitized( 'filter_' . $field_joined );

					$search = "`{$field_joined}`.`{$traverse[ 'name' ]}` = '{$val}'";
				} elseif ( 'text_like' === $this->search_mode ) {
					$val = pods_sanitize( pods_sanitize_like( pods_v( 'filter_' . $field_joined ) ) );

					$search = "`{$field_joined}`.`{$traverse[ 'name' ]}` LIKE '%{$val}%'";
				}

				$this->search_where[] = " {$search} ";
			}
		}

		$the_join = null;

		$joined_id    = $table_info['field_id'];
		$joined_index = $table_info['field_index'];

		if ( 'taxonomy' === $traverse['type'] ) {
			$rel_tt_alias = 'rel_tt_' . $field_joined;

			if ( pods_tableless() && function_exists( 'get_term_meta' ) ) {
				$the_join = "
                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'meta_table' ]}` AS `{$rel_alias}` ON
                        `{$rel_alias}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_index' ]}` = '{$traverse[ 'name' ]}'
                        AND `{$rel_alias}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_id' ]}` = `{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined' ]}`.`{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined_id' ]}`

                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'meta_table' ]}` AS `{$field_joined}` ON
                        `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_index' ]}` = '{$traverse[ 'name' ]}'
                        AND `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_id' ]}` = CONVERT( `{$rel_alias}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_value' ]}`, SIGNED )
                ";

				$joined_id    = $table_info['meta_field_id'];
				$joined_index = $table_info['meta_field_index'];
			} elseif ( $meta_data_table ) {
				$the_join = "
                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'pod_table' ]}` AS `{$field_joined}` ON
                        `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'pod_field_id' ]}` = `{$traverse_recurse[ 'rel_alias' ]}`.`{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined_id' ]}`
                ";
			} else {
				$the_join = "
                    LEFT JOIN `{$wpdb->term_relationships}` AS `{$rel_alias}` ON
                        `{$rel_alias}`.`object_id` = `{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined' ]}`.`ID`

                    LEFT JOIN `{$wpdb->term_taxonomy}` AS `{$rel_tt_alias}` ON
                        `{$rel_tt_alias}`.`taxonomy` = '{$traverse[ 'name' ]}'
                        AND `{$rel_tt_alias}`.`term_taxonomy_id` = `{$rel_alias}`.`term_taxonomy_id`

                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'table' ]}` AS `{$field_joined}` ON
                        `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'field_id' ]}` = `{$rel_tt_alias}`.`{$table_info[ 'field_id' ]}`
                ";

				// Override $rel_alias.
				$rel_alias = $field_joined;

				$joined_id    = $table_info['field_id'];
				$joined_index = $table_info['field_index'];
			}//end if
		} elseif ( 'comment' === $traverse['type'] ) {
			if ( pods_tableless() ) {
				$the_join = "
                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'meta_table' ]}` AS `{$rel_alias}` ON
                        `{$rel_alias}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_index' ]}` = '{$traverse[ 'name' ]}'
                        AND `{$rel_alias}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_id' ]}` = `{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined' ]}`.`{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined_id' ]}`

                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'meta_table' ]}` AS `{$field_joined}` ON
                        `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_index' ]}` = '{$traverse[ 'name' ]}'
                        AND `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_id' ]}` = CONVERT( `{$rel_alias}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_value' ]}`, SIGNED )
                ";

				$joined_id    = $table_info['meta_field_id'];
				$joined_index = $table_info['meta_field_index'];
			} elseif ( $meta_data_table ) {
				$the_join = "
                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'pod_table' ]}` AS `{$field_joined}` ON
                        `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'pod_field_id' ]}` = `{$traverse_recurse[ 'rel_alias' ]}`.`{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined_id' ]}`
                ";
			} else {
				$the_join = "
                    LEFT JOIN `{$wpdb->comments}` AS `{$field_joined}` ON
                        `{$field_joined}`.`comment_post_ID` = `{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined' ]}`.`ID`
                ";

				// Override $rel_alias.
				$rel_alias = $field_joined;

				$joined_id    = $table_info['field_id'];
				$joined_index = $table_info['field_index'];
			}//end if
		} elseif ( in_array( $traverse['type'], $tableless_field_types, true ) && ( 'pick' !== $traverse['type'] || ! in_array( pods_v( 'pick_object', $traverse ), $simple_tableless_objects, true ) ) ) {
			if ( pods_tableless() ) {
				$the_join = "
                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'meta_table' ]}` AS `{$rel_alias}` ON
                        `{$rel_alias}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_index' ]}` = '{$traverse[ 'name' ]}'
                        AND `{$rel_alias}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_id' ]}` = `{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined' ]}`.`{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined_id' ]}`

                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'meta_table' ]}` AS `{$field_joined}` ON
                        `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_index' ]}` = '{$traverse[ 'name' ]}'
                        AND `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_id' ]}` = CONVERT( `{$rel_alias}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_value' ]}`, SIGNED )
                ";

				$joined_id    = $table_info['meta_field_id'];
				$joined_index = $table_info['meta_field_index'];
			} elseif ( $meta_data_table ) {
				if ( $traverse['id'] !== $traverse['pick_val'] ) {
					// This must be a relationship.
					$joined_id = 'related_item_id';
				} else {
					$joined_id = $traverse_recurse['joined_id'];
				}

				$the_join = "
                     LEFT JOIN `{$table_info['pod_table']}` AS `{$field_joined}` ON
                        `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info['pod_field_id']}` = `{$traverse_recurse['rel_alias']}`.`{$joined_id}`
                 ";
			} else {
				if ( ( $traverse_recurse['depth'] + 2 ) === count( $traverse_recurse['fields'] ) && ( 'pick' !== $traverse['type'] || ! in_array( pods_v( 'pick_object', $traverse ), $simple_tableless_objects, true ) ) && 'post_author' === $traverse_recurse['fields'][ $traverse_recurse['depth'] + 1 ] ) {
					$table_info['recurse'] = false;
				}

				$the_join = "
                    LEFT JOIN `@wp_podsrel` AS `{$rel_alias}` ON
                        `{$rel_alias}`.`field_id` = {$traverse[ 'id' ]}
                        AND `{$rel_alias}`.`item_id` = `{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined' ]}`.`{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined_id' ]}`

                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'table' ]}` AS `{$field_joined}` ON
                        `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'field_id' ]}` = `{$rel_alias}`.`related_item_id`
                ";
			}//end if
		} elseif ( 'meta' === $pod_data['storage'] ) {
			if ( ( $traverse_recurse['depth'] + 2 ) === count( $traverse_recurse['fields'] ) && ( 'pick' !== $traverse['type'] || ! in_array( pods_v( 'pick_object', $traverse ), $simple_tableless_objects, true ) ) && $table_info['meta_field_value'] === $traverse_recurse['fields'][ $traverse_recurse['depth'] + 1 ] ) {
				$the_join = "
                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'meta_table' ]}` AS `{$field_joined}` ON
                        `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_index' ]}` = '{$traverse[ 'name' ]}'
                        AND `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_id' ]}` = `{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined' ]}`.`{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined_id' ]}`
                ";

				$table_info['recurse'] = false;
			} else {
				$the_join = "
                    LEFT JOIN `{$table_info[ 'meta_table' ]}` AS `{$field_joined}` ON
                        `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_index' ]}` = '{$traverse[ 'name' ]}'
                        AND `{$field_joined}`.`{$table_info[ 'meta_field_id' ]}` = `{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined' ]}`.`{$traverse_recurse[ 'joined_id' ]}`
                ";

				$joined_id    = $table_info['meta_field_id'];
				$joined_index = $table_info['meta_field_index'];
			}
		}//end if

		$traverse_recursive = array(
			'pod'             => pods_v( 'name', pods_v( 'pod', $table_info ) ),
			'fields'          => $traverse_recurse['fields'],
			'joined'          => $field_joined,
			'depth'           => ( $traverse_recurse['depth'] + 1 ),
			'joined_id'       => $joined_id,
			'joined_index'    => $joined_index,
			'params'          => $traverse_recurse['params'],
			'rel_alias'       => $rel_alias,
			'last_table_info' => $table_info,
		);

		$the_join = apply_filters( 'pods_data_traverse_the_join', $the_join, $traverse_recurse, $traverse_recursive, $this );

		if ( empty( $the_join ) ) {
			return $joins;
		}

		$joins[ $traverse_recurse['pod'] . '_' . $traverse_recurse['depth'] . '_' . $traverse['id'] ] = $the_join;

		if ( ( $traverse_recurse['depth'] + 1 ) < count( $traverse_recurse['fields'] ) && ! empty( $traverse_recurse['pod'] ) && false !== $table_info['recurse'] ) {
			$joins = array_merge( $joins, $this->traverse_recurse( $traverse_recursive ) );
		}

		return $joins;
	}

	/**
	 * Recursively join tables based on fields
	 *
	 * @param array  $fields     Fields to recurse.

Should the type for parameter $fields not be array|null? Also, consider making the array more specific, something like array<String>, or String[].

	 * @param null   $all_fields (optional) If $fields is empty then traverse all fields, argument does not need to be.
	 *                           passed
	 * @param object $params     (optional) Parameters from build().

Should the type for parameter $params not be object|null?

	 *
	 * @return array Array of joins
	 */
	public function traverse( $fields = null, $all_fields = null, $params = null ) {

		$joins = array();

		if ( null === $fields ) {
			$fields = $this->traverse_build( $all_fields, $params );
		}

		foreach ( (array) $fields as $field_group ) {
			$traverse_recurse = array(
				'pod'             => $this->pod,
				'fields'          => $fields,
				'params'          => $params,
				'last_table_info' => $this->pod_data,
				'joined_id'       => $this->pod_data['field_id'],
				'joined_index'    => $this->pod_data['field_index'],
			);

			if ( is_array( $field_group ) ) {
				$traverse_recurse['fields'] = $field_group;

				$joins = array_merge( $joins, $this->traverse_recurse( $traverse_recurse ) );
			} else {
				$joins = array_merge( $joins, $this->traverse_recurse( $traverse_recurse ) );
				$joins = array_filter( $joins );

				return $joins;
			}
		}//end foreach

		$joins = array_filter( $joins );

		return $joins;
	}

	/**
	 * Handle filters / actions for the class
	 *
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	private static function do_hook() {

		$args = func_get_args();

		if ( empty( $args ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		$name = array_shift( $args );

		return pods_do_hook( 'data', $name, $args );
	}

	/**
	 * Get the complete sql
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.5
	 */
	public function get_sql( $sql ) {

The return type could not be reliably inferred; please add a @return annotation.

		global $wpdb;

Use of global functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable.

		if ( empty( $sql ) ) {
			$sql = $this->sql;
		}

		/**
		 * Allow SQL query to be manipulated.
		 *
		 * @param string   $sql       SQL Query string.
		 * @param PodsData $pods_data PodsData object.
		 *
		 * @since 2.7
		 */
		$sql = apply_filters( 'pods_data_get_sql', $sql, $this );

		$sql = str_replace( array( '@wp_users', '@wp_' ), array( $wpdb->users, $wpdb->prefix ), $sql );

Usage of users/usermeta tables is highly discouraged in VIP context, For storing user additional user metadata, you should look at User Attributes.

		$sql = str_replace( '{prefix}', '@wp_', $sql );
		$sql = str_replace( '{/prefix/}', '{prefix}', $sql );

		return $sql;
	}
}