Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like Formatter often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Formatter, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 25 | class Formatter |
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| 26 | { |
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| 27 | |||
| 28 | /** |
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| 29 | * The formatting options. |
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| 30 | * |
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| 31 | * @var array |
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| 32 | */ |
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| 33 | public $options; |
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| 34 | |||
| 35 | /** |
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| 36 | * Clauses that must be inlined. |
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| 37 | * |
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| 38 | * These clauses usually are short and it's nicer to have them inline. |
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| 39 | * |
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| 40 | * @var array |
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| 41 | */ |
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| 42 | public static $INLINE_CLAUSES = array( |
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| 43 | 'CREATE' => true, |
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| 44 | 'LIMIT' => true, |
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| 45 | 'PARTITION BY' => true, |
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| 46 | 'PARTITION' => true, |
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| 47 | 'PROCEDURE' => true, |
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| 48 | 'SUBPARTITION BY' => true, |
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| 49 | 'VALUES' => true, |
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| 50 | ); |
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| 51 | |||
| 52 | /** |
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| 53 | * Constructor. |
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| 54 | * |
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| 55 | * @param array $options The formatting options. |
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| 56 | */ |
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| 57 | 1 | public function __construct(array $options = array()) |
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| 58 | { |
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| 59 | // The specified formatting options are merged with the default values. |
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| 60 | 1 | $this->options = array_merge( |
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| 61 | array( |
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| 62 | |||
| 63 | /** |
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| 64 | * The format of the result. |
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| 65 | * |
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| 66 | * @var string The type ('text', 'cli' or 'html') |
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| 67 | */ |
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| 68 | 1 | 'type' => php_sapi_name() == 'cli' ? 'cli' : 'text', |
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| 69 | |||
| 70 | /** |
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| 71 | * The line ending used. |
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| 72 | * By default, for text this is "\n" and for HTML this is "<br/>". |
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| 73 | * |
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| 74 | * @var string |
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| 75 | */ |
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| 76 | 1 | 'line_ending' => $this->options['type'] == 'html' ? '<br/>' : "\n", |
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| 77 | |||
| 78 | /** |
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| 79 | * The string used for indentation. |
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| 80 | * |
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| 81 | * @var string |
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| 82 | */ |
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| 83 | 1 | 'indentation' => " ", |
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| 84 | |||
| 85 | /** |
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| 86 | * Whether comments should be removed or not. |
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| 87 | * |
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| 88 | * @var bool |
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| 89 | */ |
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| 90 | 1 | 'remove_comments' => false, |
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| 91 | |||
| 92 | /** |
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| 93 | * Whether each clause should be on a new line. |
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| 94 | * |
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| 95 | * @var bool |
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| 96 | */ |
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| 97 | 1 | 'clause_newline' => true, |
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| 98 | |||
| 99 | /** |
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| 100 | * Whether each part should be on a new line. |
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| 101 | * Parts are delimited by brackets and commas. |
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| 102 | * |
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| 103 | * @var bool |
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| 104 | */ |
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| 105 | 1 | 'parts_newline' => true, |
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| 106 | |||
| 107 | /** |
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| 108 | * Whether each part of each clause should be indented. |
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| 109 | * |
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| 110 | * @var bool |
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| 111 | */ |
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| 112 | 1 | 'indent_parts' => true, |
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| 113 | |||
| 114 | /** |
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| 115 | * The styles used for HTML formatting. |
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| 116 | * array($type, $flags, $span, $callback) |
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| 117 | * |
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| 118 | * @var array[] |
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| 119 | */ |
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| 120 | 'formats' => array( |
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| 121 | array( |
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| 122 | 1 | 'type' => Token::TYPE_KEYWORD, |
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| 123 | 1 | 'flags' => Token::FLAG_KEYWORD_RESERVED, |
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| 124 | 1 | 'html' => 'class="sql-reserved"', |
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| 125 | 1 | 'cli' => "\e[35m", |
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| 126 | 1 | 'function' => 'strtoupper', |
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| 127 | 1 | ), |
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| 128 | array( |
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| 129 | 1 | 'type' => Token::TYPE_KEYWORD, |
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| 130 | 1 | 'flags' => 0, |
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| 131 | 1 | 'html' => 'class="sql-keyword"', |
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| 132 | 1 | 'cli' => "\e[95m", |
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| 133 | 1 | 'function' => 'strtoupper', |
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| 134 | 1 | ), |
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| 135 | array( |
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| 136 | 1 | 'type' => Token::TYPE_COMMENT, |
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| 137 | 1 | 'flags' => 0, |
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| 138 | 1 | 'html' => 'class="sql-comment"', |
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| 139 | 1 | 'cli' => "\e[37m", |
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| 140 | 1 | 'function' => '', |
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| 141 | 1 | ), |
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| 142 | array( |
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| 143 | 1 | 'type' => Token::TYPE_BOOL, |
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| 144 | 1 | 'flags' => 0, |
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| 145 | 1 | 'html' => 'class="sql-atom"', |
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| 146 | 1 | 'cli' => "\e[36m", |
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| 147 | 1 | 'function' => 'strtoupper', |
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| 148 | 1 | ), |
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| 149 | array( |
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| 150 | 1 | 'type' => Token::TYPE_NUMBER, |
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| 151 | 1 | 'flags' => 0, |
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| 152 | 1 | 'html' => 'class="sql-number"', |
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| 153 | 1 | 'cli' => "\e[92m", |
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| 154 | 1 | 'function' => 'strtolower', |
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| 155 | 1 | ), |
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| 156 | array( |
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| 157 | 1 | 'type' => Token::TYPE_STRING, |
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| 158 | 1 | 'flags' => 0, |
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| 159 | 1 | 'html' => 'class="sql-string"', |
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| 160 | 1 | 'cli' => "\e[91m", |
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| 161 | 1 | 'function' => '', |
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| 162 | 1 | ), |
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| 163 | array( |
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| 164 | 1 | 'type' => Token::TYPE_SYMBOL, |
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| 165 | 1 | 'flags' => 0, |
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| 166 | 1 | 'html' => 'class="sql-variable"', |
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| 167 | 1 | 'cli' => "\e[36m", |
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| 168 | 1 | 'function' => '', |
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| 169 | 1 | ), |
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| 170 | ) |
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| 171 | 1 | ), |
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| 172 | $options |
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| 173 | 1 | ); |
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| 174 | |||
| 175 | // `parts_newline` requires `clause_newline` |
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| 176 | 1 | $this->options['parts_newline'] &= $this->options['clause_newline']; |
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| 177 | 1 | } |
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| 178 | |||
| 179 | /** |
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| 180 | * Formats the given list of tokens. |
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| 181 | * |
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| 182 | * @param TokensList $list The list of tokens. |
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| 183 | * |
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| 184 | * @return string |
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| 185 | */ |
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| 186 | 1 | public function formatList($list) |
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| 187 | { |
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| 188 | |||
| 189 | /** |
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| 190 | * The query to be returned. |
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| 191 | * |
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| 192 | * @var string $ret |
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| 193 | */ |
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| 194 | 1 | $ret = ''; |
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| 195 | |||
| 196 | /** |
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| 197 | * The indentation level. |
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| 198 | * |
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| 199 | * @var int $indent |
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| 200 | */ |
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| 201 | 1 | $indent = 0; |
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| 202 | |||
| 203 | /** |
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| 204 | * Whether the line ended. |
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| 205 | * |
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| 206 | * @var bool $lineEnded |
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| 207 | */ |
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| 208 | 1 | $lineEnded = false; |
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| 209 | |||
| 210 | /** |
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| 211 | * The name of the last clause. |
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| 212 | * |
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| 213 | * @var string $lastClause |
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| 214 | */ |
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| 215 | 1 | $lastClause = ''; |
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| 216 | |||
| 217 | /** |
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| 218 | * A stack that keeps track of the indentation level every time a new |
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| 219 | * block is found. |
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| 220 | * |
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| 221 | * @var array $blocksIndentation |
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| 222 | */ |
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| 223 | 1 | $blocksIndentation = array(); |
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| 224 | |||
| 225 | /** |
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| 226 | * A stack that keeps track of the line endings every time a new block |
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| 227 | * is found. |
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| 228 | * |
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| 229 | * @var array $blocksLineEndings |
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| 230 | */ |
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| 231 | 1 | $blocksLineEndings = array(); |
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| 232 | |||
| 233 | /** |
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| 234 | * Whether clause's options were formatted. |
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| 235 | * |
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| 236 | * @var bool $formattedOptions |
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| 237 | */ |
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| 238 | 1 | $formattedOptions = false; |
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| 239 | |||
| 240 | /** |
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| 241 | * Previously parsed token. |
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| 242 | * |
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| 243 | * @var Token $prev |
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| 244 | */ |
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| 245 | 1 | $prev = null; |
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| 246 | |||
| 247 | /** |
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| 248 | * Comments are being formatted separately to maintain the whitespaces |
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| 249 | * before and after them. |
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| 250 | * |
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| 251 | * @var string $comment |
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| 252 | */ |
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| 253 | 1 | $comment = ''; |
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| 254 | |||
| 255 | // In order to be able to format the queries correctly, the next token |
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| 256 | // must be taken into consideration. The loop below uses two pointers, |
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| 257 | // `$prev` and `$curr` which store two consecutive tokens. |
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| 258 | // Actually, at every iteration the previous token is being used. |
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| 259 | 1 | for ($list->idx = 0; $list->idx < $list->count; ++$list->idx) { |
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| 260 | /** |
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| 261 | * Token parsed at this moment. |
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| 262 | * |
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| 263 | * @var Token $curr |
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| 264 | */ |
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| 265 | 1 | $curr = $list->tokens[$list->idx]; |
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| 266 | |||
| 267 | 1 | if ($curr->type === Token::TYPE_WHITESPACE) { |
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| 268 | // Whitespaces are skipped because the formatter adds its own. |
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| 269 | 1 | continue; |
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| 270 | 1 | } elseif ($curr->type === Token::TYPE_COMMENT) { |
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| 271 | // Whether the comments should be parsed. |
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| 272 | if (!empty($this->options['remove_comments'])) { |
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| 273 | continue; |
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| 274 | } |
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| 275 | |||
| 276 | if ($list->tokens[$list->idx - 1]->type === Token::TYPE_WHITESPACE) { |
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| 277 | // The whitespaces before and after are preserved for |
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| 278 | // formatting reasons. |
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| 279 | $comment .= $list->tokens[$list->idx - 1]->token; |
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| 280 | } |
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| 281 | $comment .= $this->toString($curr); |
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| 282 | if (($list->tokens[$list->idx + 1]->type === Token::TYPE_WHITESPACE) |
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| 283 | && ($list->tokens[$list->idx + 2]->type !== Token::TYPE_COMMENT) |
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| 284 | ) { |
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| 285 | // Adding the next whitespace only there is no comment that |
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| 286 | // follows it immediately which may cause adding a |
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| 287 | // whitespace twice. |
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| 288 | $comment .= $list->tokens[$list->idx + 1]->token; |
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| 289 | } |
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| 290 | |||
| 291 | // Everything was handled here, no need to continue. |
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| 292 | continue; |
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| 293 | } |
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| 294 | |||
| 295 | // Checking if pointers were initialized. |
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| 296 | 1 | if ($prev !== null) { |
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| 297 | // Checking if a new clause started. |
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| 298 | 1 | if (static::isClause($prev) !== false) { |
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| 299 | 1 | $lastClause = $prev->value; |
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| 300 | 1 | $formattedOptions = false; |
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| 301 | 1 | } |
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| 302 | |||
| 303 | // The options of a clause should stay on the same line and everything that follows. |
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| 304 | 1 | if (($this->options['parts_newline']) |
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| 305 | 1 | && (!$formattedOptions) |
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| 306 | 1 | && (empty(self::$INLINE_CLAUSES[$lastClause])) |
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| 307 | 1 | && (($curr->type !== Token::TYPE_KEYWORD) |
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| 308 | || (($curr->type === Token::TYPE_KEYWORD) |
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| 309 | && ($curr->flags & Token::FLAG_KEYWORD_FUNCTION))) |
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| 310 | 1 | ) { |
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| 311 | 1 | $formattedOptions = true; |
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| 312 | 1 | $lineEnded = true; |
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| 313 | 1 | ++$indent; |
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| 314 | 1 | } |
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| 315 | |||
| 316 | // Checking if this clause ended. |
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| 317 | 1 | if ($tmp = static::isClause($curr)) { |
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| 318 | if (($tmp == 2) || ($this->options['clause_newline'])) { |
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| 319 | $lineEnded = true; |
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| 320 | if ($this->options['parts_newline']) { |
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| 321 | --$indent; |
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| 322 | } |
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| 323 | } |
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| 324 | } |
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| 325 | |||
| 326 | // Indenting BEGIN ... END blocks. |
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| 327 | 1 | if (($prev->type === Token::TYPE_KEYWORD) && ($prev->value === 'BEGIN')) { |
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| 328 | $lineEnded = true; |
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| 329 | array_push($blocksIndentation, $indent); |
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| 330 | ++$indent; |
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| 331 | 1 | View Code Duplication | } elseif (($curr->type === Token::TYPE_KEYWORD) && ($curr->value === 'END')) { |
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| 332 | $lineEnded = true; |
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| 333 | $indent = array_pop($blocksIndentation); |
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| 334 | } |
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| 335 | |||
| 336 | // Formatting fragments delimited by comma. |
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| 337 | 1 | if (($prev->type === Token::TYPE_OPERATOR) && ($prev->value === ',')) { |
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| 338 | // Fragments delimited by a comma are broken into multiple |
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| 339 | // pieces only if the clause is not inlined or this fragment |
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| 340 | // is between brackets that are on new line. |
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| 341 | if (((empty(self::$INLINE_CLAUSES[$lastClause])) |
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| 342 | && ($this->options['parts_newline'])) |
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| 343 | || (end($blocksLineEndings) === true) |
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| 344 | ) { |
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| 345 | $lineEnded = true; |
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| 346 | } |
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| 347 | } |
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| 348 | |||
| 349 | // Handling brackets. |
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| 350 | // Brackets are indented only if the length of the fragment between |
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| 351 | // them is longer than 30 characters. |
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| 352 | 1 | if (($prev->type === Token::TYPE_OPERATOR) && ($prev->value === '(')) { |
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| 353 | array_push($blocksIndentation, $indent); |
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| 354 | if (static::getGroupLength($list) > 30) { |
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| 355 | ++$indent; |
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| 356 | $lineEnded = true; |
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| 357 | } |
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| 358 | array_push($blocksLineEndings, $lineEnded); |
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| 359 | 1 | View Code Duplication | } elseif (($curr->type === Token::TYPE_OPERATOR) && ($curr->value === ')')) { |
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| 360 | $indent = array_pop($blocksIndentation); |
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| 361 | $lineEnded |= array_pop($blocksLineEndings); |
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| 362 | } |
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| 363 | |||
| 364 | // Delimiter must be placed on the same line with the last |
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| 365 | // clause. |
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| 366 | 1 | if ($curr->type === Token::TYPE_DELIMITER) { |
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| 367 | 1 | $lineEnded = false; |
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| 368 | 1 | } |
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| 369 | |||
| 370 | // Adding the token. |
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| 371 | 1 | $ret .= $this->toString($prev); |
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| 372 | |||
| 373 | // Finishing the line. |
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| 374 | 1 | if ($lineEnded) { |
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| 375 | 1 | if ($indent < 0) { |
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| 376 | // TODO: Make sure this never occurs and delete it. |
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| 377 | $indent = 0; |
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| 378 | } |
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| 379 | |||
| 380 | 1 | if ($curr->type !== Token::TYPE_COMMENT) { |
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| 381 | 1 | $ret .= $this->options['line_ending'] |
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| 382 | 1 | . str_repeat($this->options['indentation'], $indent); |
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| 383 | 1 | } |
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| 384 | 1 | $lineEnded = false; |
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| 385 | 1 | } else { |
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| 386 | // If the line ended there is no point in adding whitespaces. |
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| 387 | // Also, some tokens do not have spaces before or after them. |
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| 388 | 1 | if (!((($prev->type === Token::TYPE_OPERATOR) && (($prev->value === '.') || ($prev->value === '('))) |
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| 389 | // No space after . ( |
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| 390 | 1 | || (($curr->type === Token::TYPE_OPERATOR) && (($curr->value === '.') || ($curr->value === ',') || ($curr->value === '(') || ($curr->value === ')'))) |
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| 391 | // No space before . , ( ) |
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| 392 | 1 | || (($curr->type === Token::TYPE_DELIMITER)) && (mb_strlen($curr->value, 'UTF-8') < 2)) |
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| 393 | // A space after delimiters that are longer than 2 characters. |
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| 394 | 1 | || ($prev->value === 'DELIMITER') |
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| 395 | 1 | ) { |
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| 396 | $ret .= ' '; |
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| 397 | } |
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| 398 | } |
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| 399 | 1 | } |
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| 400 | |||
| 401 | 1 | if (!empty($comment)) { |
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| 402 | $ret .= $comment; |
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| 403 | $comment = ''; |
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| 404 | } |
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| 405 | |||
| 406 | // Iteration finished, consider current token as previous. |
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| 407 | 1 | $prev = $curr; |
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| 408 | 1 | } |
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| 409 | |||
| 410 | 1 | return $ret; |
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| 411 | } |
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| 412 | |||
| 413 | /** |
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| 414 | * Tries to print the query and returns the result. |
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| 415 | * |
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| 416 | * @param Token $token The token to be printed. |
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| 417 | * |
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| 418 | * @return string |
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| 419 | */ |
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| 420 | 1 | public function toString($token) |
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| 421 | { |
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| 422 | 1 | $text = $token->token; |
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| 423 | |||
| 424 | 1 | foreach ($this->options['formats'] as $format) { |
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| 425 | 1 | if (($token->type === $format['type']) |
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| 426 | 1 | && (($token->flags & $format['flags']) === $format['flags']) |
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| 427 | 1 | ) { |
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| 428 | // Running transformation function. |
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| 429 | 1 | if (!empty($format['function'])) { |
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| 430 | 1 | $func = $format['function']; |
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| 431 | 1 | $text = $func($text); |
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| 432 | 1 | } |
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| 433 | |||
| 434 | // Formatting HTML. |
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| 435 | 1 | if ($this->options['type'] === 'html') { |
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| 436 | 1 | return '<span ' . $format['html'] . '>' . $text . '</span>'; |
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| 437 | } elseif ($this->options['type'] === 'cli') { |
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| 438 | return $format['cli'] . $text; |
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| 439 | } |
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| 440 | |||
| 441 | break; |
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| 442 | } |
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| 443 | 1 | } |
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| 444 | |||
| 445 | if ($this->options['type'] === 'cli') { |
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| 446 | return "\e[39m" . $text; |
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| 447 | } |
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| 448 | return $text; |
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| 449 | } |
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| 450 | |||
| 451 | /** |
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| 452 | * Formats a query. |
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| 453 | * |
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| 454 | * @param string $query The query to be formatted |
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| 455 | * @param array $options The formatting options. |
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| 456 | * |
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| 457 | * @return string The formatted string. |
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| 458 | */ |
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| 459 | 1 | public static function format($query, array $options = array()) |
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| 460 | { |
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| 461 | 1 | $lexer = new Lexer($query); |
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| 462 | 1 | $formatter = new Formatter($options); |
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| 463 | 1 | return $formatter->formatList($lexer->list); |
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| 464 | } |
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| 465 | |||
| 466 | /** |
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| 467 | * Computes the length of a group. |
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| 468 | * |
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| 469 | * A group is delimited by a pair of brackets. |
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| 470 | * |
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| 471 | * @param TokensList $list The list of tokens. |
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| 472 | * |
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| 473 | * @return int |
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| 474 | */ |
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| 475 | public static function getGroupLength($list) |
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| 513 | |||
| 514 | /** |
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| 515 | * Checks if a token is a statement or a clause inside a statement. |
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| 516 | * |
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| 517 | * @param Token $token The token to be checked. |
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| 518 | * |
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| 519 | * @return int|bool |
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| 520 | */ |
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| 521 | 1 | public static function isClause($token) |
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| 532 | } |
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| 533 |
This check marks property names that have not been written in camelCase.
In camelCase names are written without any punctuation, the start of each new word being marked by a capital letter. Thus the name database connection string becomes
databaseConnectionString.