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<?php |
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namespace Ds; |
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use UnderflowException; |
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/** |
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* A PriorityQueue is very similar to a Queue. Values are pushed into the queue |
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* with an assigned priority, and the value with the highest priority will |
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* always be at the front of the queue. |
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* |
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* @package Ds |
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*/ |
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final class PriorityQueue implements \IteratorAggregate, Collection |
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{ |
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use Traits\GenericCollection; |
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use Traits\SquaredCapacity; |
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/** |
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* @var int |
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*/ |
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const MIN_CAPACITY = 8; |
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/** |
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* @var array |
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*/ |
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private $heap = []; |
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/** |
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* @var int |
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*/ |
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private $stamp = 0; |
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/** |
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* Creates a new instance. |
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*/ |
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public function __construct() |
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{ |
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} |
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/** |
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* @inheritDoc |
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*/ |
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public function clear() |
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{ |
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$this->heap = []; |
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$this->stamp = 0; |
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$this->capacity = self::MIN_CAPACITY; |
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} |
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/** |
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* @inheritDoc |
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*/ |
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public function copy(): \Ds\Collection |
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{ |
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$copy = new PriorityQueue(); |
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$copy->heap = $this->heap; |
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$copy->capacity = $this->capacity; |
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return $copy; |
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} |
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/** |
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* @inheritDoc |
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*/ |
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public function count(): int |
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{ |
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return count($this->heap); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Returns the value with the highest priority in the priority queue. |
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* |
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* @return mixed |
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* |
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* @throw UnderflowException |
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*/ |
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public function peek() |
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{ |
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if ($this->isEmpty()) { |
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throw new UnderflowException(); |
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} |
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return $this->heap[0]->value; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Returns the index of a node's left leaf. |
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* |
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* @param int $index The index of the node. |
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* |
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* @return int The index of the left leaf. |
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*/ |
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private function left(int $index): int |
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{ |
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return ($index * 2) + 1; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Returns the index of a node's right leaf. |
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* |
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* @param int $index The index of the node. |
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* |
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* @return int The index of the right leaf. |
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*/ |
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private function right(int $index): int |
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{ |
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return ($index * 2) + 2; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Returns the index of a node's parent node. |
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* |
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* @param int $index The index of the node. |
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* |
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* @return int The index of the parent. |
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*/ |
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private function parent(int $index): int |
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{ |
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return ($index - 1) / 2; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Compares two indices of the heap. |
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* |
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* @param int $a |
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* @param int $b |
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* |
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* @return int |
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*/ |
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private function compare(int $a, int $b) |
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{ |
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$x = $this->heap[$a]; |
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$y = $this->heap[$b]; |
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// Compare priority, using insertion stamp as fallback. |
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return ($x->priority <=> $y->priority) ?: ($y->stamp <=> $x->stamp); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Swaps the nodes at two indices of the heap. |
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* |
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* @param int $a |
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* @param int $b |
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*/ |
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private function swap(int $a, int $b) |
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{ |
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$temp = $this->heap[$a]; |
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$this->heap[$a] = $this->heap[$b]; |
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$this->heap[$b] = $temp; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Returns the index of a node's largest leaf node. |
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* |
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* @param int $parent the parent node. |
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* |
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* @return int the index of the node's largest leaf node. |
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*/ |
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private function getLargestLeaf(int $parent) |
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{ |
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$left = $this->left($parent); |
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$right = $this->right($parent); |
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if ($right < count($this->heap) && $this->compare($left, $right) < 0) { |
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return $right; |
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} |
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return $left; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Starts the process of sifting down a given node index to ensure that |
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* the heap's properties are preserved. |
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* |
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* @param int $node |
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*/ |
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private function siftDown(int $node) |
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{ |
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$last = floor(count($this->heap) / 2); |
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for ($parent = $node; $parent < $last; $parent = $leaf) { |
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// Determine the largest leaf to potentially swap with the parent. |
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$leaf = $this->getLargestLeaf($parent); |
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// Done if the parent is not greater than its largest leaf |
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if ($this->compare($parent, $leaf) > 0) { |
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break; |
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} |
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$this->swap($parent, $leaf); |
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} |
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} |
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/** |
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* Sets the root node and sifts it down the heap. |
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* |
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* @param PriorityNode $node |
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*/ |
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private function setRoot(PriorityNode $node) |
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{ |
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$this->heap[0] = $node; |
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$this->siftDown(0); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Returns the root node of the heap. |
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* |
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* @return PriorityNode |
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*/ |
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private function getRoot(): PriorityNode |
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{ |
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return $this->heap[0]; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Returns and removes the value with the highest priority in the queue. |
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* |
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* @return mixed |
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*/ |
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public function pop() |
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{ |
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if ($this->isEmpty()) { |
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throw new UnderflowException(); |
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} |
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// Last leaf of the heap to become the new root. |
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$leaf = array_pop($this->heap); |
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if (empty($this->heap)) { |
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return $leaf->value; |
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} |
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// Cache the current root value to return before replacing with next. |
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$value = $this->getRoot()->value; |
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// Replace the root, then sift down. |
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$this->setRoot($leaf); |
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$this->checkCapacity(); |
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return $value; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Sifts a node up the heap until it's in the right position. |
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* |
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* @param int $leaf |
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*/ |
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private function siftUp(int $leaf) |
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{ |
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for (; $leaf > 0; $leaf = $parent) { |
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$parent = $this->parent($leaf); |
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// Done when parent priority is greater. |
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if ($this->compare($leaf, $parent) < 0) { |
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break; |
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} |
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$this->swap($parent, $leaf); |
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} |
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} |
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/** |
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* Pushes a value into the queue, with a specified priority. |
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* |
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* @param mixed $value |
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* @param int $priority |
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*/ |
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public function push($value, int $priority) |
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{ |
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$this->checkCapacity(); |
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// Add new leaf, then sift up to maintain heap, |
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$this->heap[] = new PriorityNode($value, $priority, $this->stamp++); |
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$this->siftUp(count($this->heap) - 1); |
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} |
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/** |
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* @inheritDoc |
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*/ |
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public function toArray(): array |
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{ |
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$heap = $this->heap; |
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$array = []; |
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while ( ! $this->isEmpty()) { |
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$array[] = $this->pop(); |
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} |
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$this->heap = $heap; |
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return $array; |
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} |
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/** |
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* @inheritDoc |
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*/ |
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public function getIterator() |
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{ |
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while ( ! $this->isEmpty()) { |
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yield $this->pop(); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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/** |
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* @internal |
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*/ |
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final class PriorityNode |
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{ |
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/** |
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* @var mixed |
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*/ |
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public $value; |
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/** |
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* @var int |
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*/ |
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public $priority; |
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/** |
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* @var int |
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*/ |
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public $stamp; |
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/** |
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* @param mixed $value |
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* @param int $priority |
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* @param int $stamp |
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*/ |
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public function __construct($value, int $priority, int $stamp) |
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{ |
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$this->value = $value; |
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$this->priority = $priority; |
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$this->stamp = $stamp; |
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} |
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} |
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Having each class in a dedicated file usually plays nice with PSR autoloaders and is therefore a well established practice. If you use other autoloaders, you might not want to follow this rule.