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<?php |
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declare(strict_types=1); |
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namespace Phpml\Classification; |
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use Phpml\Exception\InvalidArgumentException; |
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use Phpml\Helper\Predictable; |
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use Phpml\Helper\Trainable; |
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use Phpml\Math\Statistic\Mean; |
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use Phpml\Math\Statistic\StandardDeviation; |
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class NaiveBayes implements Classifier |
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{ |
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use Trainable; |
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use Predictable; |
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public const CONTINUOS = 1; |
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public const NOMINAL = 2; |
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public const EPSILON = 1e-10; |
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/** |
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* @var array |
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*/ |
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private $std = []; |
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/** |
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* @var array |
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*/ |
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private $mean = []; |
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/** |
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* @var array |
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*/ |
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private $discreteProb = []; |
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/** |
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* @var array |
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*/ |
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private $dataType = []; |
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/** |
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* @var array |
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*/ |
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private $p = []; |
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/** |
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* @var int |
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*/ |
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private $sampleCount = 0; |
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/** |
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* @var int |
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*/ |
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private $featureCount = 0; |
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/** |
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* @var array |
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*/ |
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private $labels = []; |
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public function train(array $samples, array $targets): void |
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{ |
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$this->samples = array_merge($this->samples, $samples); |
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$this->targets = array_merge($this->targets, $targets); |
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$this->sampleCount = count($this->samples); |
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$this->featureCount = count($this->samples[0]); |
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$this->labels = array_map('strval', array_flip(array_flip($this->targets))); |
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foreach ($this->labels as $label) { |
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$samples = $this->getSamplesByLabel($label); |
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$this->p[$label] = count($samples) / $this->sampleCount; |
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$this->calculateStatistics($label, $samples); |
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} |
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} |
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/** |
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* @return mixed |
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*/ |
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protected function predictSample(array $sample) |
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{ |
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// Use NaiveBayes assumption for each label using: |
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// P(label|features) = P(label) * P(feature0|label) * P(feature1|label) .... P(featureN|label) |
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// Then compare probability for each class to determine which label is most likely |
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$predictions = []; |
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foreach ($this->labels as $label) { |
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$p = $this->p[$label]; |
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for ($i = 0; $i < $this->featureCount; ++$i) { |
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$Plf = $this->sampleProbability($sample, $i, $label); |
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$p += $Plf; |
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} |
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$predictions[$label] = $p; |
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} |
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arsort($predictions, SORT_NUMERIC); |
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reset($predictions); |
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return key($predictions); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Calculates vital statistics for each label & feature. Stores these |
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* values in private array in order to avoid repeated calculation |
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*/ |
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private function calculateStatistics(string $label, array $samples): void |
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{ |
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$this->std[$label] = array_fill(0, $this->featureCount, 0); |
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$this->mean[$label] = array_fill(0, $this->featureCount, 0); |
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$this->dataType[$label] = array_fill(0, $this->featureCount, self::CONTINUOS); |
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$this->discreteProb[$label] = array_fill(0, $this->featureCount, self::CONTINUOS); |
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for ($i = 0; $i < $this->featureCount; ++$i) { |
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// Get the values of nth column in the samples array |
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// Mean::arithmetic is called twice, can be optimized |
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$values = array_column($samples, $i); |
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$numValues = count($values); |
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// if the values contain non-numeric data, |
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// then it should be treated as nominal/categorical/discrete column |
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if ($values !== array_filter($values, 'is_numeric')) { |
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$this->dataType[$label][$i] = self::NOMINAL; |
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$this->discreteProb[$label][$i] = array_count_values($values); |
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$db = &$this->discreteProb[$label][$i]; |
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$db = array_map(function ($el) use ($numValues) { |
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return $el / $numValues; |
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}, $db); |
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} else { |
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$this->mean[$label][$i] = Mean::arithmetic($values); |
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// Add epsilon in order to avoid zero stdev |
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$this->std[$label][$i] = 1e-10 + StandardDeviation::population($values, false); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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/** |
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* Calculates the probability P(label|sample_n) |
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*/ |
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private function sampleProbability(array $sample, int $feature, string $label): float |
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{ |
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if (!isset($sample[$feature])) { |
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throw new InvalidArgumentException('Missing feature. All samples must have equal number of features'); |
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} |
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$value = $sample[$feature]; |
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if ($this->dataType[$label][$feature] == self::NOMINAL) { |
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if (!isset($this->discreteProb[$label][$feature][$value]) || |
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$this->discreteProb[$label][$feature][$value] == 0) { |
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return self::EPSILON; |
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} |
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return $this->discreteProb[$label][$feature][$value]; |
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} |
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$std = $this->std[$label][$feature]; |
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$mean = $this->mean[$label][$feature]; |
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// Calculate the probability density by use of normal/Gaussian distribution |
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// Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution |
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// |
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// In order to avoid numerical errors because of small or zero values, |
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// some libraries adopt taking log of calculations such as |
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// scikit-learn did. |
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// (See : https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/blob/master/sklearn/naive_bayes.py) |
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$pdf = -0.5 * log(2.0 * M_PI * $std * $std); |
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$pdf -= 0.5 * (($value - $mean) ** 2) / ($std * $std); |
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return $pdf; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Return samples belonging to specific label |
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*/ |
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private function getSamplesByLabel(string $label): array |
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{ |
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$samples = []; |
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for ($i = 0; $i < $this->sampleCount; ++$i) { |
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if ($this->targets[$i] == $label) { |
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$samples[] = $this->samples[$i]; |
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} |
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} |
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return $samples; |
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} |
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} |
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