Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
| 1 | <?php  | 
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| 16 | class MemoryFileDictLoader implements DictLoaderInterface  | 
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| 17 | { | 
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| 18 | /**  | 
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| 19 | * Words segment name.  | 
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| 20 | *  | 
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| 21 | * @var string  | 
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| 22 | */  | 
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| 23 | protected $segmentName = 'words_%s';  | 
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| 24 | |||
| 25 | /**  | 
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| 26 | * Segment files.  | 
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| 27 | *  | 
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| 28 | * @var array  | 
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| 29 | */  | 
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| 30 | protected $segments = array();  | 
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| 31 | |||
| 32 | /**  | 
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| 33 | * Surname cache.  | 
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| 34 | *  | 
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| 35 | * @var array  | 
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| 36 | */  | 
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| 37 | protected $surnames = array();  | 
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| 38 | |||
| 39 | /**  | 
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| 40 | * Constructor.  | 
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| 41 | *  | 
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| 42 | * @param string $path  | 
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| 43 | */  | 
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| 44 | 9 | public function __construct($path)  | 
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| 56 | |||
| 57 | /**  | 
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| 58 | * Load dict.  | 
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| 59 | *  | 
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| 60 | * @param Closure $callback  | 
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| 61 | */  | 
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| 62 | 9 | public function map(Closure $callback)  | 
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| 68 | |||
| 69 | /**  | 
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| 70 | * Load surname dict.  | 
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| 71 | *  | 
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| 72 | * @param Closure $callback  | 
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| 73 | */  | 
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| 74 | 1 | public function mapSurname(Closure $callback)  | 
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| 86 | }  | 
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| 87 | 
In PHP it is possible to write to properties without declaring them. For example, the following is perfectly valid PHP code:
Generally, it is a good practice to explictly declare properties to avoid accidental typos and provide IDE auto-completion: