data.datasets.electricity_demand_timeseries.hh_buildings.map_houseprofiles_to_buildings() - Code Metrics - Inspection of "Features/#960 add vom for ror and reservoir" - openego/eGon-data - Measure and Improve Code Quality continuously with Scrutinizer

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Pull Request — dev (#1255)

unknown
created 2025-06-11 08:09 UTC
map_houseprofiles_to_buildings() C

↳ Parent: data.datasets.electricity_demand_timeseries.hh_buildings
Complexity

Conditions
Size

Total Lines	228
Code Lines	132
Duplication

Lines	0
Ratio	0 %
Importance

Changes
Metric	Value
eloc	132
dl	0
loc	228
rs	5.1333
c	0
b	0
f	0
cc	8
nop	0
How to fix Long Method

"""
Household electricity demand time series for scenarios in 2035 and 2050
assigned to OSM-buildings.

"""

import random

from geoalchemy2 import Geometry
from sqlalchemy import REAL, Column, Integer, String, Table, func, inspect
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
import geopandas as gpd
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

from egon.data import db
from egon.data.datasets import Dataset
from egon.data.datasets.electricity_demand_timeseries.hh_profiles import (
    HouseholdElectricityProfilesInCensusCells,
    get_iee_hh_demand_profiles_raw,
)
from egon.data.datasets.electricity_demand_timeseries.tools import (
    random_point_in_square,
)
import egon.data.config

engine = db.engine()
Base = declarative_base()

data_config = egon.data.config.datasets()
RANDOM_SEED = egon.data.config.settings()["egon-data"]["--random-seed"]
np.random.seed(RANDOM_SEED)


class HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildings(Base):
    """
    Class definition of table demand.egon_household_electricity_profile_of_buildings.

    Mapping of demand timeseries and buildings and cell_id. This table is created within
    :py:func:`hh_buildings.map_houseprofiles_to_buildings()`.

    """

    __tablename__ = "egon_household_electricity_profile_of_buildings"
    __table_args__ = {"schema": "demand"}

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    building_id = Column(Integer, index=True)
    cell_id = Column(Integer, index=True)
    profile_id = Column(String, index=True)


class HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildingsStats(Base):
    """
    Class definition of table `demand.egon_household_electricity_profile_of_buildings_stats`.
    Contains number of households per building and type from table
    `demand.egon_household_electricity_profile_of_buildings`

    Columns
    -------
    building_id: Building id as used in tables `openstreetmap.osm_buildings_*`, index col
    households_total: total count of households
    SR: count of household type SR single retiree
    SO: count of household type SA single adults
    PR: count of household type PR pair retiree
    PO: count of household type PA pair adults
    SK: count of household type SK single n children
    P1: count of household type P1 pair 1 child
    P2: count of household type P2 pair 2 children
    P3: count of household type P3 pair 3 children
    OR: count of household type OR multi retiree n children
    OO: count of household type OO multi adults n children
    """

    __tablename__ = "egon_household_electricity_profile_of_buildings_stats"
    __table_args__ = {"schema": "demand"}

    building_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    households_total = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
    SR = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
    SO = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
    PR = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
    PO = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
    SK = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
    P1 = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
    P2 = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
    P3 = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
    OR = Column(Integer, nullable=True)
    OO = Column(Integer, nullable=True)


class OsmBuildingsSynthetic(Base):
    """
    Class definition of table demand.osm_buildings_synthetic.

    Lists generated synthetic building with id, zensus_population_id and
    building type. This table is created within
    :py:func:`hh_buildings.map_houseprofiles_to_buildings()`.
    """

    __tablename__ = "osm_buildings_synthetic"
    __table_args__ = {"schema": "openstreetmap"}

    id = Column(String, primary_key=True)
    cell_id = Column(String, index=True)
    geom_building = Column(Geometry("Polygon", 3035), index=True)
    geom_point = Column(Geometry("POINT", 3035))
    n_amenities_inside = Column(Integer)
    building = Column(String(11))
    area = Column(REAL)


class BuildingElectricityPeakLoads(Base):
    """
    Class definition of table demand.egon_building_electricity_peak_loads.

    Mapping of electricity demand time series and buildings including cell_id,
    building area and peak load. This table is created within
    :func:`hh_buildings.get_building_peak_loads()`.
    """

    __tablename__ = "egon_building_electricity_peak_loads"
    __table_args__ = {"schema": "demand"}

    building_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    scenario = Column(String, primary_key=True)
    sector = Column(String, primary_key=True)
    peak_load_in_w = Column(REAL)
    voltage_level = Column(Integer, index=True)


def match_osm_and_zensus_data(
    egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell,
    egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential,
):
    """
    Compares OSM buildings and census hh demand profiles.

    OSM building data and hh demand profiles based on census data is compared.
    Census cells with only profiles but no osm-ids are identified to generate
    synthetic buildings. Census building count is used, if available, to define
    number of missing buildings. Otherwise, we use a twofold approach for the
    rate: first, the rate is calculated using adjacent cells (function
    `find_adjacent_cells()`), a distance of 3 cells in each direction is used
    by default (resulting in a 7x7 lookup matrix). As fallback, the overall
    median profile/building rate is used to derive the number of buildings
    from the number of already generated demand profiles.

    Parameters
    ----------
    egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell: pd.DataFrame
        Table mapping hh demand profiles to census cells

    egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential: pd.DataFrame
        Table with buildings osm-id and cell_id

    Returns
    -------
    pd.DataFrame
        Table with cell_ids and number of missing buildings
    """

    def find_adjacent_cells(row, adj_cell_radius):
        """
        Find adjacent cells for cell by iterating over census grid ids
        (100mN...E...).

        Parameters
        ----------
        row : Dataframe row
            Dataframe row
        adj_cell_radius : int
            distance of cells in each direction to find cells,
            e.g. adj_cell_radius=3 -> 7x7 cell matrix

        Returns
        -------
        tuples of int
            N coordinates, E coordinates in format
            [(N_cell_1, E_cell_1), ..., (N_cell_n, E_cell_n)]
        """
        return [
            f"100mN{_[0]}E{_[1]}"
            for _ in np.array(
                np.meshgrid(
                    np.arange(
                        row.N - adj_cell_radius, row.N + adj_cell_radius + 1
                    ),
                    np.arange(
                        row.E - adj_cell_radius, row.E + adj_cell_radius + 1
                    ),
                )
            ).T.reshape(-1, 2)
        ]

    # count number of profiles for each cell
    profiles_per_cell = egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell.cell_profile_ids.apply(
        len
    )

    # Add number of profiles per cell
    number_of_buildings_profiles_per_cell = pd.merge(
        left=profiles_per_cell,
        right=egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell["cell_id"],
        left_index=True,
        right_index=True,
    )

    # count buildings/ids for each cell
    buildings_per_cell = egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential.groupby(
        "cell_id"
    )["id"].count()
    buildings_per_cell = buildings_per_cell.rename("building_ids")

    # add buildings left join to have all the cells with assigned profiles
    number_of_buildings_profiles_per_cell = pd.merge(
        left=number_of_buildings_profiles_per_cell,
        right=buildings_per_cell,
        left_on="cell_id",
        right_index=True,
        how="left",
    )

    # identify cell ids with profiles but no buildings
    number_of_buildings_profiles_per_cell = (
        number_of_buildings_profiles_per_cell.fillna(0).astype(int)
    )
    missing_buildings = number_of_buildings_profiles_per_cell.loc[
        number_of_buildings_profiles_per_cell.building_ids == 0,
        ["cell_id", "cell_profile_ids"],
    ].set_index("cell_id")

    # query zensus building count
    egon_destatis_building_count = Table(
        "egon_destatis_zensus_apartment_building_population_per_ha",
        Base.metadata,
        schema="society",
    )
    # get table metadata from db by name and schema
    inspect(engine).reflecttable(egon_destatis_building_count, None)

    with db.session_scope() as session:
        cells_query = session.query(
            egon_destatis_building_count.c.zensus_population_id,
            egon_destatis_building_count.c.building_count,
        )

    egon_destatis_building_count = pd.read_sql(
        cells_query.statement,
        cells_query.session.bind,
        index_col="zensus_population_id",
    )
    egon_destatis_building_count = egon_destatis_building_count.dropna()

    missing_buildings = pd.merge(
        left=missing_buildings,
        right=egon_destatis_building_count,
        left_index=True,
        right_index=True,
        how="left",
    )

    # exclude cells without buildings
    only_cells_with_buildings = (
        number_of_buildings_profiles_per_cell["building_ids"] != 0
    )
    # get profile/building rate for each cell
    profile_building_rate = (
        number_of_buildings_profiles_per_cell.loc[
            only_cells_with_buildings, "cell_profile_ids"
        ]
        / number_of_buildings_profiles_per_cell.loc[
            only_cells_with_buildings, "building_ids"
        ]
    )

    # prepare values for missing building counts by number of profile ids
    building_count_fillna = missing_buildings.loc[
        missing_buildings["building_count"].isna(), "cell_profile_ids"
    ]
    # devide by median profile/building rate
    building_count_fillna = (
        building_count_fillna / profile_building_rate.median()
    )
    # replace missing building counts
    missing_buildings["building_count"] = missing_buildings[
        "building_count"
    ].fillna(value=building_count_fillna)

    # ========== START Update profile/building rate in cells w/o bld using adjacent cells ==========
    missing_buildings_temp = (
        egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell[["cell_id", "grid_id"]]
        .set_index("cell_id")
        .loc[missing_buildings.index.unique()]
    )

    # Extract coordinates
    missing_buildings_temp = pd.concat(
        [
            missing_buildings_temp,
            missing_buildings_temp.grid_id.str.extract(r"100mN(\d+)E(\d+)")
            .astype(int)
            .rename(columns={0: "N", 1: "E"}),
        ],
        axis=1,
    )

    # Find adjacent cells for cell
    missing_buildings_temp["cell_adj"] = missing_buildings_temp.apply(
        find_adjacent_cells, adj_cell_radius=3, axis=1
    )
    missing_buildings_temp = (
        missing_buildings_temp.explode("cell_adj")
        .drop(columns=["grid_id", "N", "E"])
        .reset_index()
    )

    # Create mapping table cell -> adjacent cells
    missing_buildings_temp = (
        missing_buildings_temp.set_index("cell_adj")
        .join(
            egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell.set_index("grid_id").cell_id,
            rsuffix="_adj",
        )
        .dropna()
        .set_index("cell_id_adj")
    )

    # Calculate profile/building rate for those cells
    profile_building_rate.name = "profile_building_rate"
    missing_buildings_temp = missing_buildings_temp.join(
        number_of_buildings_profiles_per_cell[["cell_id"]]
        .join(profile_building_rate)
        .set_index("cell_id")
    )
    missing_buildings_temp = (
        missing_buildings_temp.groupby("cell_id").median().dropna()
    )

    # Update mising buildings
    missing_buildings["building_count"] = (
        missing_buildings.cell_profile_ids.div(
            missing_buildings_temp.profile_building_rate
        ).fillna(missing_buildings.building_count)
    )
    # ========== END Update profile/building rate in cells w/o bld using adjacent cells ==========

    # ceil to have at least one building each cell and make type int
    missing_buildings = missing_buildings.apply(np.ceil).astype(int)
    # generate list of building ids for each cell
    missing_buildings["building_count"] = missing_buildings[
        "building_count"
    ].apply(range)
    missing_buildings = missing_buildings.explode(column="building_count")

    return missing_buildings


def generate_synthetic_buildings(missing_buildings, edge_length):
    """
    Generate synthetic square buildings in census cells for every entry
    in missing_buildings.

    Generate random placed synthetic buildings incl geom data within the bounds
    of the cencus cell. Buildings have each a square area with edge_length^2.


    Parameters
    ----------
    missing_buildings: pd.Series or pd.DataFrame
        Table with cell_ids and building number
    edge_length: int
        Edge length of square synthetic building in meter

    Returns
    -------
    pd.DataFrame
        Table with generated synthetic buildings, area, cell_id and geom data

    """
    destatis_zensus_population_per_ha_inside_germany = Table(
        "destatis_zensus_population_per_ha_inside_germany",
        Base.metadata,
        schema="society",
    )
    # get table metadata from db by name and schema
    inspect(engine).reflecttable(
        destatis_zensus_population_per_ha_inside_germany, None
    )

    with db.session_scope() as session:
        cells_query = session.query(
            destatis_zensus_population_per_ha_inside_germany
        ).filter(
            destatis_zensus_population_per_ha_inside_germany.c.id.in_(
                missing_buildings.index.unique()
            )
        )

    destatis_zensus_population_per_ha_inside_germany = gpd.read_postgis(
        cells_query.statement, cells_query.session.bind, index_col="id"
    )

    # add geom data of zensus cell
    missing_buildings_geom = pd.merge(
        left=destatis_zensus_population_per_ha_inside_germany[["geom"]],
        right=missing_buildings,
        left_index=True,
        right_index=True,
        how="right",
    )

    missing_buildings_geom = missing_buildings_geom.reset_index(drop=False)
    missing_buildings_geom = missing_buildings_geom.rename(
        columns={
            "building_count": "building_id",
            "cell_profile_ids": "profiles",
            "id": "cell_id",
        }
    )

    # create random points within census cells
    points = random_point_in_square(
        geom=missing_buildings_geom["geom"], tol=edge_length / 2
    )

    # Store center of poylon
    missing_buildings_geom["geom_point"] = points
    # Create building using a square around point
    missing_buildings_geom["geom_building"] = points.buffer(
        distance=edge_length / 2, cap_style=3
    )
    missing_buildings_geom = missing_buildings_geom.drop(columns=["geom"])
    missing_buildings_geom = gpd.GeoDataFrame(
        missing_buildings_geom, crs="EPSG:3035", geometry="geom_building"
    )

    # get table metadata from db by name and schema
    buildings = Table("osm_buildings", Base.metadata, schema="openstreetmap")
    inspect(engine).reflecttable(buildings, None)

    # get max number of building ids from non-filtered building table
    with db.session_scope() as session:
        buildings = session.execute(func.max(buildings.c.id)).scalar()

    # apply ids following the sequence of openstreetmap.osm_buildings id
    missing_buildings_geom["id"] = range(
        buildings + 1,
        buildings + len(missing_buildings_geom) + 1,
    )

    drop_columns = [
        i
        for i in ["building_id", "profiles"]
        if i in missing_buildings_geom.columns
    ]
    if drop_columns:
        missing_buildings_geom = missing_buildings_geom.drop(
            columns=drop_columns
        )

    missing_buildings_geom["building"] = "residential"
    missing_buildings_geom["area"] = missing_buildings_geom[
        "geom_building"
    ].area

    return missing_buildings_geom


def generate_mapping_table(
    egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_synth,
    egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell,
):
    """
    Generate a mapping table for hh profiles to buildings.

    All hh demand profiles are randomly assigned to buildings within the same
    cencus cell.

    * profiles > buildings: buildings can have multiple profiles but every
        building gets at least one profile
    * profiles < buildings: not every building gets a profile


    Parameters
    ----------
    egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_synth: pd.DataFrame
        Table with OSM and synthetic buildings ids per census cell
    egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell: pd.DataFrame
        Table mapping hh demand profiles to census cells

    Returns
    -------
    pd.DataFrame
        Table with mapping of profile ids to buildings with OSM ids

    """

    def create_pool(buildings, profiles):
        if profiles > buildings:
            surplus = profiles - buildings
            surplus = rng.integers(0, buildings, surplus)
            pool = list(range(buildings)) + list(surplus)
        else:
            pool = list(range(buildings))
        result = random.sample(population=pool, k=profiles)

        return result

    # group oms_ids by census cells and aggregate to list
    osm_ids_per_cell = (
        egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_synth[["id", "cell_id"]]
        .groupby("cell_id")
        .agg(list)
    )

    # cell ids of cells with osm ids
    cells_with_buildings = osm_ids_per_cell.index.astype(int).values
    # cell ids of cells with profiles
    cells_with_profiles = (
        egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell["cell_id"].astype(int).values
    )
    # cell ids of cells with osm ids and profiles
    cell_with_profiles_and_buildings = np.intersect1d(
        cells_with_profiles, cells_with_buildings
    )

    # cells with only buildings might not be residential etc.

    # reduced list of profile_ids per cell with both buildings and profiles
    profile_ids_per_cell_reduced = egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell.set_index(
        "cell_id"
    ).loc[cell_with_profiles_and_buildings, "cell_profile_ids"]
    # reduced list of osm_ids per cell with both buildings and profiles
    osm_ids_per_cell_reduced = osm_ids_per_cell.loc[
        cell_with_profiles_and_buildings, "id"
    ].rename("building_ids")

    # concat both lists by same cell_id
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings_reduced = pd.concat(
        [profile_ids_per_cell_reduced, osm_ids_per_cell_reduced], axis=1
    )

    # count number of profiles and buildings for each cell
    # tells how many profiles have to be assigned to how many buildings
    number_profiles_and_buildings_reduced = (
        mapping_profiles_to_buildings_reduced.applymap(len)
    )

    # map profiles randomly per cell
    # if profiles > buildings, every building will get at least one profile
    rng = np.random.default_rng(RANDOM_SEED)
    random.seed(RANDOM_SEED)
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings = pd.Series(
        [
            create_pool(buildings, profiles)
            for buildings, profiles in zip(
                number_profiles_and_buildings_reduced["building_ids"].values,
                number_profiles_and_buildings_reduced[
                    "cell_profile_ids"
                ].values,
            )
        ],
        index=number_profiles_and_buildings_reduced.index,
    )

    # unnest building assignement per cell
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings = (
        mapping_profiles_to_buildings.rename("building")
        .explode()
        .reset_index()
    )
    # add profile position as attribute by number of entries per cell (*)
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings["profile"] = (
        mapping_profiles_to_buildings.groupby(["cell_id"]).cumcount()
    )
    # get multiindex of profiles in cells (*)
    index_profiles = mapping_profiles_to_buildings.set_index(
        ["cell_id", "profile"]
    ).index
    # get multiindex of buildings in cells (*)
    index_buildings = mapping_profiles_to_buildings.set_index(
        ["cell_id", "building"]
    ).index

    # get list of profiles by cell and profile position
    profile_ids_per_cell_reduced = (
        profile_ids_per_cell_reduced.explode().reset_index()
    )
    # assign profile position by order of list
    profile_ids_per_cell_reduced["profile"] = (
        profile_ids_per_cell_reduced.groupby(["cell_id"]).cumcount()
    )
    profile_ids_per_cell_reduced = profile_ids_per_cell_reduced.set_index(
        ["cell_id", "profile"]
    )

    # get list of building by cell and building number
    osm_ids_per_cell_reduced = osm_ids_per_cell_reduced.explode().reset_index()
    # assign building number by order of list
    osm_ids_per_cell_reduced["building"] = osm_ids_per_cell_reduced.groupby(
        ["cell_id"]
    ).cumcount()
    osm_ids_per_cell_reduced = osm_ids_per_cell_reduced.set_index(
        ["cell_id", "building"]
    )

    # map profiles and buildings by profile position and building number
    # merge is possible as both index results from the same origin (*) and are
    # not rearranged, therefore in the same order
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings = pd.merge(
        osm_ids_per_cell_reduced.loc[index_buildings].reset_index(drop=False),
        profile_ids_per_cell_reduced.loc[index_profiles].reset_index(
            drop=True
        ),
        left_index=True,
        right_index=True,
    )

    # rename columns
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings.rename(
        columns={
            "building_ids": "building_id",
            "cell_profile_ids": "profile_id",
        },
        inplace=True,
    )

    return mapping_profiles_to_buildings


def reduce_synthetic_buildings(
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings, synthetic_buildings
):
    """Reduced list of synthetic buildings to amount actually used.

    Not all are used, due to randomised assignment with replacing
    Id's are adapted to continuous number sequence following
    openstreetmap.osm_buildings"""

    buildings = Table("osm_buildings", Base.metadata, schema="openstreetmap")
    # get table metadata from db by name and schema
    inspect(engine).reflecttable(buildings, None)

    # total number of buildings
    with db.session_scope() as session:
        buildings = session.execute(func.max(buildings.c.id)).scalar()

    synth_ids_used = mapping_profiles_to_buildings.loc[
        mapping_profiles_to_buildings["building_id"] > buildings,
        "building_id",
    ].unique()

    synthetic_buildings = synthetic_buildings.loc[
        synthetic_buildings["id"].isin(synth_ids_used)
    ]
    # id_mapping = dict(
    #     list(
    #         zip(
    #             synth_ids_used,
    #             range(
    #                 buildings,
    #                 buildings
    #                 + len(synth_ids_used) + 1
    #             )
    #         )
    #     )
    # )

    # time expensive because of regex
    # mapping_profiles_to_buildings['building_id'] = (
    #     mapping_profiles_to_buildings['building_id'].replace(id_mapping)
    # )
    return synthetic_buildings


def get_building_peak_loads():
    """
    Peak loads of buildings are determined.

    Timeseries for every building are accumulated, the maximum value
    determined and with the respective nuts3 factor scaled for 2035 and 2050
    scenario.

    Note
    ----------
    In test-mode 'SH' the iteration takes place by 'cell_id' to avoid
    intensive RAM usage. For whole Germany 'nuts3' are taken and
    RAM > 32GB is necessary.
    """

    with db.session_scope() as session:
        cells_query = (
            session.query(
                HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildings,
                HouseholdElectricityProfilesInCensusCells.nuts3,
                HouseholdElectricityProfilesInCensusCells.factor_2019,
                HouseholdElectricityProfilesInCensusCells.factor_2023,
                HouseholdElectricityProfilesInCensusCells.factor_2035,
                HouseholdElectricityProfilesInCensusCells.factor_2050,
            )
            .filter(
                HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildings.cell_id
                == HouseholdElectricityProfilesInCensusCells.cell_id
            )
            .order_by(HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildings.id)
        )

        df_buildings_and_profiles = pd.read_sql(
            cells_query.statement, cells_query.session.bind, index_col="id"
        )

        # fill columns with None with np.nan to allow multiplication with emtpy columns
        df_buildings_and_profiles = df_buildings_and_profiles.fillna(np.nan)

        # Read demand profiles from egon-data-bundle
        df_profiles = get_iee_hh_demand_profiles_raw()

        def ve(s):
            raise (ValueError(s))

        dataset = egon.data.config.settings()["egon-data"][
            "--dataset-boundary"
        ]
        iterate_over = (
            "nuts3"
            if dataset == "Everything"
            else (
                "cell_id"
                if dataset == "Schleswig-Holstein"
                else ve(f"'{dataset}' is not a valid dataset boundary.")
            )
        )

        df_building_peak_loads = pd.DataFrame()

        for nuts3, df in df_buildings_and_profiles.groupby(by=iterate_over):
            df_building_peak_load_nuts3 = df_profiles.loc[:, df.profile_id]

            m_index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(
                [df.profile_id, df.building_id],
                names=("profile_id", "building_id"),
            )
            df_building_peak_load_nuts3.columns = m_index
            df_building_peak_load_nuts3 = (
                df_building_peak_load_nuts3.groupby("building_id", axis=1)
                .sum()
                .max()
            )

            df_building_peak_load_nuts3 = pd.DataFrame(
                [
                    df_building_peak_load_nuts3 * df["factor_2019"].unique(),
                    df_building_peak_load_nuts3 * df["factor_2023"].unique(),
                    df_building_peak_load_nuts3 * df["factor_2035"].unique(),
                    df_building_peak_load_nuts3 * df["factor_2050"].unique(),
                ],
                index=[
                    "status2019",
                    "status2023",
                    "eGon2035",
                    "eGon100RE",
                ],
            ).T

            df_building_peak_loads = pd.concat(
                [df_building_peak_loads, df_building_peak_load_nuts3], axis=0
            )

        df_building_peak_loads.reset_index(inplace=True)
        df_building_peak_loads["sector"] = "residential"

        BuildingElectricityPeakLoads.__table__.drop(
            bind=engine, checkfirst=True
        )
        BuildingElectricityPeakLoads.__table__.create(
            bind=engine, checkfirst=True
        )

        df_building_peak_loads = df_building_peak_loads.melt(
            id_vars=["building_id", "sector"],
            var_name="scenario",
            value_name="peak_load_in_w",
        )

        # Write peak loads into db
        with db.session_scope() as session:
            session.bulk_insert_mappings(
                BuildingElectricityPeakLoads,
                df_building_peak_loads.to_dict(orient="records"),
            )


def map_houseprofiles_to_buildings():
    """
    Census hh demand profiles are assigned to residential buildings via osm ids.
    If no OSM ids are available, synthetic buildings are generated. A list of the
    generated buildings and supplementary data as well as the mapping table is stored
    in the db.

    **Tables**

    synthetic_buildings:
        schema: openstreetmap
        tablename: osm_buildings_synthetic

    mapping_profiles_to_buildings:
        schema: demand
        tablename: egon_household_electricity_profile_of_buildings

    """
    # ========== Get census cells ==========
    egon_census_cells = Table(
        "egon_destatis_zensus_apartment_building_population_per_ha",
        Base.metadata,
        schema="society",
    )
    inspect(engine).reflecttable(egon_census_cells, None)

    with db.session_scope() as session:
        cells_query = session.query(
            egon_census_cells.c.zensus_population_id,
            egon_census_cells.c.population,
            egon_census_cells.c.geom,
        ).order_by(egon_census_cells.c.zensus_population_id)
        gdf_egon_census_cells = gpd.read_postgis(
            cells_query.statement, cells_query.session.bind, geom_col="geom"
        )

    # ========== Get residential buildings ==========
    egon_osm_buildings_residential = Table(
        "osm_buildings_residential",
        Base.metadata,
        schema="openstreetmap",
    )
    inspect(engine).reflecttable(egon_osm_buildings_residential, None)

    with db.session_scope() as session:
        cells_query = session.query(
            egon_osm_buildings_residential.c.id.label("building_id"),
            egon_osm_buildings_residential.c.geom_building,
        ).order_by(egon_osm_buildings_residential.c.id)
        gdf_egon_osm_buildings = gpd.read_postgis(
            cells_query.statement,
            cells_query.session.bind,
            geom_col="geom_building",
        )

    # ========== Clip buildings centroids with census cells to get main buildings ==========

    # Copy buildings and set centroid as geom
    gdf_egon_osm_buildings_main = gdf_egon_osm_buildings.copy()
    gdf_egon_osm_buildings_main["geom_point"] = gdf_egon_osm_buildings_main.centroid
    gdf_egon_osm_buildings_main = gdf_egon_osm_buildings_main.drop(
        columns=["geom_building"]).set_geometry("geom_point")

    egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_main = gpd.sjoin(
        gdf_egon_osm_buildings_main,
        gdf_egon_census_cells,
        how="inner",
        predicate="within"
    )[["building_id", "zensus_population_id"]].rename(columns={"zensus_population_id": "cell_id"})

    # ========== Clip buildings with census cells to get building parts ==========

    # Clip to create new build parts as buildings
    gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells = gdf_egon_census_cells.overlay(
        gdf_egon_osm_buildings, how="intersection"
    )

    # Remove main buildings which are not located in populated census cells
    buildings_centroid_not_in_census_cells = gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells.loc[
        ~gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells.building_id.isin(
            egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_main.building_id)]
    gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells = gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells.loc[
        ~gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells.building_id.isin(
            buildings_centroid_not_in_census_cells.building_id.to_list())
    ]

    gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells["geom_point"] = (
        gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells.centroid
    )

    # Add column with unique building ids using suffixes (building parts split by clipping)
    gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells["building_id_temp"] = (
        gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells["building_id"].astype(str)
    )
    g = (
        gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells.groupby("building_id_temp")
        .cumcount()
        .add(1)
        .astype(str)
    )
    gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells["building_id_temp"] += "_" + g

    # Check
    try:
        assert len(
            gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells.building_id_temp.unique()
        ) == len(gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells)
    except AssertionError:
        print(
            "The length of split buildings do not match with original count."
        )

    egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential = (
        gdf_egon_osm_buildings_census_cells[
            ["zensus_population_id", "building_id_temp"]
        ].rename(
            columns={
                "zensus_population_id": "cell_id",
                "building_id_temp": "id",
            }
        )
    )

    # Get household profile to census cells allocations
    with db.session_scope() as session:
        cells_query = session.query(HouseholdElectricityProfilesInCensusCells)
    egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell = pd.read_sql(
        cells_query.statement, cells_query.session.bind, index_col=None
    )

    # Match OSM and zensus data to define missing buildings
    missing_buildings = match_osm_and_zensus_data(
        egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell,
        egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential,
    )

    # randomly generate synthetic buildings in cell without any
    synthetic_buildings = generate_synthetic_buildings(
        missing_buildings, edge_length=5
    )

    # add synthetic buildings to df
    egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_synth = pd.concat(
        [
            egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential,
            synthetic_buildings[["id", "cell_id"]],
        ],
        ignore_index=True,
    )

    # assign profiles to buildings
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings = generate_mapping_table(
        egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_synth,
        egon_hh_profile_in_zensus_cell,
    )

    # remove suffixes from buildings split into parts before to merge them back together
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings["building_id"] = (
        mapping_profiles_to_buildings.building_id.astype(str).apply(
            lambda s: s.split("_")[0] if "_" in s else s
        )
    )
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings["building_id"] = (
        mapping_profiles_to_buildings["building_id"].astype(int)
    )

    # reduce list to only used synthetic buildings
    synthetic_buildings = reduce_synthetic_buildings(
        mapping_profiles_to_buildings, synthetic_buildings
    )
    synthetic_buildings["n_amenities_inside"] = 0

    # ========== Reallocate profiles from building part to main building (correct cell_id) ==========
    # cf. https://github.com/openego/eGon-data/issues/1190

    # Get and allocate main building_id
    egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_main = pd.merge(
        mapping_profiles_to_buildings[["cell_id", "building_id"]],
        egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_main,
        on='building_id',
        how='left',
        suffixes=('_df1', '_df2')
    ).dropna()
    egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_main[
        "cell_id_df2"] = egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_main["cell_id_df2"].astype(int)
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings2 = mapping_profiles_to_buildings.copy()
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings["cell_id"] = egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential_main["cell_id_df2"]

    # Retain original values where no main building has been found
    # (centroid of building part not in a cell)
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings["cell_id"].fillna(mapping_profiles_to_buildings2["cell_id"], inplace=True)
    mapping_profiles_to_buildings["cell_id"] = mapping_profiles_to_buildings["cell_id"].astype(int)

    # ========== Write results to DB ==========

    OsmBuildingsSynthetic.__table__.drop(bind=engine, checkfirst=True)
    OsmBuildingsSynthetic.__table__.create(bind=engine, checkfirst=True)

    # Write new buildings incl coord into db
    n_amenities_inside_type = OsmBuildingsSynthetic.n_amenities_inside.type
    synthetic_buildings.to_postgis(
        "osm_buildings_synthetic",
        con=engine,
        if_exists="append",
        schema="openstreetmap",
        dtype={
            "id": OsmBuildingsSynthetic.id.type,
            "cell_id": OsmBuildingsSynthetic.cell_id.type,
            "geom_building": OsmBuildingsSynthetic.geom_building.type,
            "geom_point": OsmBuildingsSynthetic.geom_point.type,
            "n_amenities_inside": n_amenities_inside_type,
            "building": OsmBuildingsSynthetic.building.type,
            "area": OsmBuildingsSynthetic.area.type,
        },
    )

    HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildings.__table__.drop(
        bind=engine, checkfirst=True
    )
    HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildings.__table__.create(
        bind=engine, checkfirst=True
    )

    # Write building mapping into db
    with db.session_scope() as session:
        session.bulk_insert_mappings(
            HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildings,
            mapping_profiles_to_buildings.to_dict(orient="records"),
        )


def create_buildings_profiles_stats():
    """
    Create DB table `demand.egon_household_electricity_profile_of_buildings_stats`
    with household profile type counts per building
    """

    # Drop and recreate table if existing
    HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildingsStats.__table__.drop(
        bind=engine, checkfirst=True
    )
    HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildingsStats.__table__.create(
        bind=engine, checkfirst=True
    )

    # Query final profile table
    with db.session_scope() as session:
        cells_query = session.query(
            HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildings,
        ).order_by(HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildings.id)

        df_buildings_and_profiles = pd.read_sql(
            cells_query.statement, cells_query.session.bind, index_col="id"
        )

    # Extract household type prefix
    df_buildings_and_profiles = df_buildings_and_profiles.assign(
        household_type=df_buildings_and_profiles.profile_id.str[:2]
    )

    # Unstack and create total
    df_buildings_and_profiles = (
        df_buildings_and_profiles.groupby("building_id")
        .value_counts(["household_type"])
        .unstack(fill_value=0)
    )
    df_buildings_and_profiles["households_total"] = (
        df_buildings_and_profiles.sum(axis=1)
    )

    # Write to DB
    df_buildings_and_profiles.to_sql(
        name=HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildingsStats.__table__.name,
        schema=HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildingsStats.__table__.schema,
        con=engine,
        if_exists="append",
    )


class setup(Dataset):
    """
    Household electricity demand profiles for scenarios in 2035 and 2050
    assigned to buildings.

    Assignment of household electricity demand timeseries to OSM buildings
    and generation of randomly placed synthetic 5x5m buildings if no
    sufficient OSM-data available in the respective census cell.

    For more information see data documentation on :ref:`electricity-demand-ref`.

    *Dependencies*
      * :py:func:`houseprofiles_in_census_cells
        <egon.data.datasets.electricity_demand_timeseries.hh_profiles.houseprofiles_in_census_cells>`

    *Resulting tables*
      * :py:class:`OsmBuildingsSynthetic
        <egon.data.datasets.electricity_demand_timeseries.hh_buildings.OsmBuildingsSynthetic>`
        is created and filled
      * :py:class:`HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildings
        <egon.data.datasets.electricity_demand_timeseries.hh_buildings.HouseholdElectricityProfilesOfBuildings>`
        is created and filled
      * :py:class:`BuildingElectricityPeakLoads
        <egon.data.datasets.electricity_demand_timeseries.hh_buildings.BuildingElectricityPeakLoads>`
        is created and filled

    **The following datasets from the database are used for creation:**

    * `demand.household_electricity_profiles_in_census_cells`:
        Lists references and scaling parameters to time series data for each
        household in a cell by identifiers. This table is fundamental for
        creating subsequent data like demand profiles on MV grid level or
        for determining the peak load at load. Only the profile reference
        and the cell identifiers are used.

    * `society.egon_destatis_zensus_apartment_building_population_per_ha`:
        Lists number of apartments, buildings and population for each census
        cell.

    * `boundaries.egon_map_zensus_buildings_residential`:
        List of OSM tagged buildings which are considered to be residential.


    **What is the goal?**

    To assign every household demand profile allocated each census cell to a
    specific building.

    **What is the challenge?**

    The census and the OSM dataset differ from each other. The census uses
    statistical methods and therefore lacks accuracy at high spatial
    resolution. The OSM dataset is a community based dataset which is
    extended throughout and does not claim to be complete. By merging these
    datasets inconsistencies need to be addressed. For example: not yet
    tagged buildings in OSM or new building areas not considered in census
    2011.

    **How are these datasets combined?**

    The assignment of household demand timeseries to buildings takes place
    at cell level. Within each cell a pool of profiles exists, produced by
    the 'HH Demand" module. These profiles are randomly assigned to a
    filtered list of OSM buildings within this cell. Every profile is
    assigned to a building and every building get a profile assigned if
    there is enough households by the census data. If there are more
    profiles than buildings, all additional profiles are randomly assigned.
    Therefore, multiple profiles can be assigned to one building, making it a
    multi-household building. If there are no OSM buildings available,
    synthetic ones are created (see below).

    **What are central assumptions during the data processing?**

    * Mapping zensus data to OSM data is not trivial.
      Discrepancies are substituted.
    * Missing OSM buildings are generated by census building count.
    * If no census building count data is available, the number of buildings
      is derived by an average rate of households/buildings applied to the
      number of households.

    **Drawbacks and limitations of the data**

    * Missing OSM buildings in cells without census building count are
      derived by an average (median) rate of households/buildings applied
      to the number of households. We use a twofold approach for the rate:
      first, the rate is calculated using adjacent cells (function
      `find_adjacent_cells()`), a distance of 3 cells in each direction is
      used by default (resulting in a 7x7 lookup matrix). For the remaining
      cells, i.e. cells without any rate in the adjacent cells, the global
      median rate is used.

      As only whole houses can exist, the substitute is ceiled to the next
      higher integer. Ceiling is applied to avoid rounding to amount of 0
      buildings.

    * As this dataset uses the load profile assignment at census cell level
      conducted in hh_profiles.py, also check drawbacks and limitations in that module.

    **Example Query**

    * Get a list with number of houses, households and household types per
      census cell

    .. code-block:: SQL

        SELECT t1.cell_id, building_count, hh_count, hh_types FROM (
            SELECT
                cell_id,
                COUNT(DISTINCT(building_id)) AS building_count,
                COUNT(profile_id) AS hh_count
            FROM demand.egon_household_electricity_profile_of_buildings
            GROUP BY cell_id
        ) AS t1
        FULL OUTER JOIN (
            SELECT
                cell_id,
                array_agg(
                    array[CAST(hh_10types AS char), hh_type]
                ) AS hh_types
            FROM society.egon_destatis_zensus_household_per_ha_refined
            GROUP BY cell_id
        ) AS t2
        ON t1.cell_id = t2.cell_id

    """

    #:
    name: str = "Demand_Building_Assignment"
    #:
    version: str = "0.0.7"
    #:
    tasks = (
        map_houseprofiles_to_buildings,
        create_buildings_profiles_stats,
        get_building_peak_loads,
    )

    def __init__(self, dependencies):
        super().__init__(
            name=self.name,
            version=self.version,
            dependencies=dependencies,
            tasks=self.tasks,
        )

openego / eGon-data

Pull Request — dev (#1255)

map_houseprofiles_to_buildings() C

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