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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- |
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""" |
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General description |
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------------------- |
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This example is not a real use case of an energy system but an example to show |
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how a combined heat and power plant (chp) with an extraction turbine works in |
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contrast to a chp (eg. block device) with a fixed heat fraction. Both chp |
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plants distribute power and heat to a separate heat and power Bus with a heat |
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and power demand. The i/o balance plot shows that the fixed chp plant produces |
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heat and power excess and therefore needs more natural gas. The bar plot just |
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shows the difference in the usage of natural gas. |
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Installation requirements |
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------------------------- |
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This example requires oemof.solph (v0.5.x), install by: |
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pip install oemof.solph[examples] |
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Optional to see the i/o balance plot: |
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pip install git+https://github.com/oemof/oemof_visio.git |
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License |
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------- |
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`MIT license <https://github.com/oemof/oemof-solph/blob/dev/LICENSE>`_ |
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""" |
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############################################################################### |
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# imports |
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############################################################################### |
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import logging |
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import os |
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import warnings |
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt |
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import pandas as pd |
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from oemof.tools import logger |
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from oemof import solph |
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# import oemof plots |
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try: |
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from oemof_visio import plot as oeplot |
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except ImportError: |
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oeplot = None |
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def shape_legend(node, reverse=True, **kwargs): |
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handels = kwargs["handles"] |
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labels = kwargs["labels"] |
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axes = kwargs["ax"] |
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parameter = {} |
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new_labels = [] |
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for label in labels: |
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label = label.replace("(", "") |
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label = label.replace("), flow)", "") |
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label = label.replace(node, "") |
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label = label.replace(",", "") |
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label = label.replace(" ", "") |
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new_labels.append(label) |
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labels = new_labels |
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parameter["bbox_to_anchor"] = kwargs.get("bbox_to_anchor", (1, 0.5)) |
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parameter["loc"] = kwargs.get("loc", "center left") |
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parameter["ncol"] = kwargs.get("ncol", 1) |
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plotshare = kwargs.get("plotshare", 0.9) |
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if reverse: |
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handels.reverse() |
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labels.reverse() |
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box = axes.get_position() |
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axes.set_position([box.x0, box.y0, box.width * plotshare, box.height]) |
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parameter["handles"] = handels |
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parameter["labels"] = labels |
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axes.legend(**parameter) |
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return axes |
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def write_lp_file(): |
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lp_filename = os.path.join( |
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solph.helpers.extend_basic_path("lp_files"), "variable_chp.lp" |
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) |
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logging.info("Store lp-file in {0}.".format(lp_filename)) |
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om.write(lp_filename, io_options={"symbolic_solver_labels": True}) |
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# Read data file |
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filename = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "variable_chp.csv") |
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try: |
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data = pd.read_csv(filename) |
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except FileNotFoundError: |
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msg = "Data file not found: {0}. Only one value used!" |
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warnings.warn(msg.format(filename), UserWarning) |
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data = pd.DataFrame( |
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{"pv": [0.3], "wind": [0.6], "demand_el": [500], "demand_th": [344]} |
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) |
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logger.define_logging() |
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logging.info("Initialize the energy system") |
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# create time index for 192 hours in May. |
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date_time_index = solph.create_time_index(2012, number=len(data)) |
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energysystem = solph.EnergySystem( |
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timeindex=date_time_index, infer_last_interval=False |
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) |
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########################################################################## |
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# Create oemof.solph objects |
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########################################################################## |
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logging.info("Create oemof.solph objects") |
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# container for instantiated nodes |
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noded = dict() |
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# create natural gas bus |
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noded["bgas"] = solph.Bus(label="natural_gas") |
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# create commodity object for gas resource |
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noded["rgas"] = solph.components.Source( |
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label="rgas", outputs={noded["bgas"]: solph.Flow(variable_costs=50)} |
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) |
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# create two electricity buses and two heat buses |
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noded["bel"] = solph.Bus(label="electricity") |
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noded["bel2"] = solph.Bus(label="electricity_2") |
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noded["bth"] = solph.Bus(label="heat") |
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noded["bth2"] = solph.Bus(label="heat_2") |
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# create excess components for the elec/heat bus to allow overproduction |
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noded["excess_bth_2"] = solph.components.Sink( |
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label="excess_bth_2", inputs={noded["bth2"]: solph.Flow()} |
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) |
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noded["excess_therm"] = solph.components.Sink( |
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label="excess_therm", inputs={noded["bth"]: solph.Flow()} |
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) |
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noded["excess_bel_2"] = solph.components.Sink( |
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label="excess_bel_2", inputs={noded["bel2"]: solph.Flow()} |
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) |
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noded["excess_elec"] = solph.components.Sink( |
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label="excess_elec", inputs={noded["bel"]: solph.Flow()} |
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) |
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# create simple sink object for electrical demand for each electrical bus |
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noded["demand_elec"] = solph.components.Sink( |
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label="demand_elec", |
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inputs={noded["bel"]: solph.Flow(fix=data["demand_el"], nominal_value=1)}, |
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) |
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noded["demand_el_2"] = solph.components.Sink( |
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label="demand_el_2", |
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inputs={noded["bel2"]: solph.Flow(fix=data["demand_el"], nominal_value=1)}, |
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) |
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# create simple sink object for heat demand for each thermal bus |
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noded["demand_therm"] = solph.components.Sink( |
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label="demand_therm", |
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inputs={ |
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noded["bth"]: solph.Flow(fix=data["demand_th"], nominal_value=741000) |
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}, |
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) |
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noded["demand_therm_2"] = solph.components.Sink( |
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label="demand_th_2", |
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inputs={ |
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noded["bth2"]: solph.Flow(fix=data["demand_th"], nominal_value=741000) |
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}, |
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) |
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# This is just a dummy transformer with a nominal input of zero |
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noded["fixed_chp_gas"] = solph.components.Transformer( |
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label="fixed_chp_gas", |
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inputs={noded["bgas"]: solph.Flow(nominal_value=0)}, |
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outputs={noded["bel"]: solph.Flow(), noded["bth"]: solph.Flow()}, |
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conversion_factors={noded["bel"]: 0.3, noded["bth"]: 0.5}, |
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) |
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# create a fixed transformer to distribute to the heat_2 and elec_2 buses |
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noded["fixed_chp_gas_2"] = solph.components.Transformer( |
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label="fixed_chp_gas_2", |
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inputs={noded["bgas"]: solph.Flow(nominal_value=10e10)}, |
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outputs={noded["bel2"]: solph.Flow(), noded["bth2"]: solph.Flow()}, |
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conversion_factors={noded["bel2"]: 0.3, noded["bth2"]: 0.5}, |
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) |
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# create a fixed transformer to distribute to the heat and elec buses |
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noded["variable_chp_gas"] = solph.components.ExtractionTurbineCHP( |
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label="variable_chp_gas", |
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inputs={noded["bgas"]: solph.Flow(nominal_value=10e10)}, |
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outputs={noded["bel"]: solph.Flow(), noded["bth"]: solph.Flow()}, |
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conversion_factors={noded["bel"]: 0.3, noded["bth"]: 0.5}, |
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conversion_factor_full_condensation={noded["bel"]: 0.5}, |
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) |
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########################################################################## |
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# Optimise the energy system |
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########################################################################## |
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logging.info("Optimise the energy system") |
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energysystem.add(*noded.values()) |
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om = solph.Model(energysystem) |
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# If uncomment the following line you can store the lp file but you should use |
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# less timesteps (3) to make it better readable and smaller. |
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# write_lp_file() |
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logging.info("Solve the optimization problem") |
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om.solve(solver="cbc", solve_kwargs={"tee": False}) |
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results = solph.processing.results(om) |
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########################################################################## |
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# Plot the results |
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########################################################################## |
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myresults = solph.views.node(results, "natural_gas") |
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myresults = myresults["sequences"].sum(axis=0) |
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myresults = myresults.drop(myresults.index[0]).reset_index(drop=True) |
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myresults.rename({0: "fixed", 1: "variable", 2: "total"}, inplace=True) |
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myresults.plot(kind="bar", rot=0, title="Usage of natural gas") |
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plt.show() |
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# Create a plot with 6 tiles that shows the difference between the |
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# Transformer and the ExtractionTurbineCHP used for chp plants. |
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smooth_plot = True |
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if oeplot: |
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logging.info("Plot the results") |
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cdict = { |
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(("variable_chp_gas", "electricity"), "flow"): "#42c77a", |
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(("fixed_chp_gas_2", "electricity_2"), "flow"): "#20b4b6", |
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(("fixed_chp_gas", "electricity"), "flow"): "#20b4b6", |
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(("fixed_chp_gas", "heat"), "flow"): "#20b4b6", |
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(("variable_chp_gas", "heat"), "flow"): "#42c77a", |
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(("heat", "demand_therm"), "flow"): "#5b5bae", |
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(("heat_2", "demand_th_2"), "flow"): "#5b5bae", |
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(("electricity", "demand_elec"), "flow"): "#5b5bae", |
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(("electricity_2", "demand_el_2"), "flow"): "#5b5bae", |
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(("heat", "excess_therm"), "flow"): "#f22222", |
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(("heat_2", "excess_bth_2"), "flow"): "#f22222", |
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(("electricity", "excess_elec"), "flow"): "#f22222", |
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(("electricity_2", "excess_bel_2"), "flow"): "#f22222", |
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(("fixed_chp_gas_2", "heat_2"), "flow"): "#20b4b6", |
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} |
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fig = plt.figure(figsize=(18, 9)) |
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plt.rc("legend", **{"fontsize": 13}) |
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plt.rcParams.update({"font.size": 13}) |
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fig.subplots_adjust( |
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left=0.07, bottom=0.12, right=0.86, top=0.93, wspace=0.03, hspace=0.2 |
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) |
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# subplot of electricity bus (fixed chp) [1] |
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electricity_2 = solph.views.node(results, "electricity_2") |
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x_length = len(electricity_2["sequences"].index) |
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myplot = oeplot.io_plot( |
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bus_label="electricity_2", |
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df=electricity_2["sequences"], |
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cdict=cdict, |
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smooth=smooth_plot, |
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line_kwa={"linewidth": 4}, |
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ax=fig.add_subplot(3, 2, 1), |
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inorder=[(("fixed_chp_gas_2", "electricity_2"), "flow")], |
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outorder=[ |
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(("electricity_2", "demand_el_2"), "flow"), |
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(("electricity_2", "excess_bel_2"), "flow"), |
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], |
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) |
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myplot["ax"].set_ylabel("Power in MW") |
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myplot["ax"].set_xlabel("") |
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myplot["ax"].get_xaxis().set_visible(False) |
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myplot["ax"].set_xlim(0, x_length) |
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myplot["ax"].set_title("Electricity output (fixed chp)") |
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myplot["ax"].legend_.remove() |
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# subplot of electricity bus (variable chp) [2] |
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electricity = solph.views.node(results, "electricity") |
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myplot = oeplot.io_plot( |
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bus_label="electricity", |
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df=electricity["sequences"], |
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cdict=cdict, |
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smooth=smooth_plot, |
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line_kwa={"linewidth": 4}, |
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ax=fig.add_subplot(3, 2, 2), |
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inorder=[ |
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294
|
|
|
(("fixed_chp_gas", "electricity"), "flow"), |
|
295
|
|
|
(("variable_chp_gas", "electricity"), "flow"), |
|
296
|
|
|
], |
|
297
|
|
|
outorder=[ |
|
298
|
|
|
(("electricity", "demand_elec"), "flow"), |
|
299
|
|
|
(("electricity", "excess_elec"), "flow"), |
|
300
|
|
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], |
|
301
|
|
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) |
|
302
|
|
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myplot["ax"].get_yaxis().set_visible(False) |
|
303
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].set_xlabel("") |
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304
|
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myplot["ax"].get_xaxis().set_visible(False) |
|
305
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].set_title("Electricity output (variable chp)") |
|
306
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].set_xlim(0, x_length) |
|
307
|
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|
shape_legend("electricity", plotshare=1, **myplot) |
|
308
|
|
|
|
|
309
|
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|
# subplot of heat bus (fixed chp) [3] |
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310
|
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heat_2 = solph.views.node(results, "heat_2") |
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311
|
|
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myplot = oeplot.io_plot( |
|
312
|
|
|
bus_label="heat_2", |
|
313
|
|
|
df=heat_2["sequences"], |
|
314
|
|
|
cdict=cdict, |
|
315
|
|
|
smooth=smooth_plot, |
|
316
|
|
|
line_kwa={"linewidth": 4}, |
|
317
|
|
|
ax=fig.add_subplot(3, 2, 3), |
|
318
|
|
|
inorder=[(("fixed_chp_gas_2", "heat_2"), "flow")], |
|
319
|
|
|
outorder=[ |
|
320
|
|
|
(("heat_2", "demand_th_2"), "flow"), |
|
321
|
|
|
(("heat_2", "excess_bth_2"), "flow"), |
|
322
|
|
|
], |
|
323
|
|
|
) |
|
324
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].set_ylabel("Power in MW") |
|
325
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].set_ylim([0, 600000]) |
|
326
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].get_xaxis().set_visible(False) |
|
327
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].set_title("Heat output (fixed chp)") |
|
328
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].set_xlim(0, x_length) |
|
329
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].legend_.remove() |
|
330
|
|
|
|
|
331
|
|
|
# subplot of heat bus (variable chp) [4] |
|
332
|
|
|
heat = solph.views.node(results, "heat") |
|
333
|
|
|
myplot = oeplot.io_plot( |
|
334
|
|
|
bus_label="heat", |
|
335
|
|
|
df=heat["sequences"], |
|
336
|
|
|
cdict=cdict, |
|
337
|
|
|
smooth=smooth_plot, |
|
338
|
|
|
line_kwa={"linewidth": 4}, |
|
339
|
|
|
ax=fig.add_subplot(3, 2, 4), |
|
340
|
|
|
inorder=[ |
|
341
|
|
|
(("fixed_chp_gas", "heat"), "flow"), |
|
342
|
|
|
(("variable_chp_gas", "heat"), "flow"), |
|
343
|
|
|
], |
|
344
|
|
|
outorder=[ |
|
345
|
|
|
(("heat", "demand_therm"), "flow"), |
|
346
|
|
|
(("heat", "excess_therm"), "flow"), |
|
347
|
|
|
], |
|
348
|
|
|
) |
|
349
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].set_ylim([0, 600000]) |
|
350
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].get_yaxis().set_visible(False) |
|
351
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].get_xaxis().set_visible(False) |
|
352
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].set_title("Heat output (variable chp)") |
|
353
|
|
|
myplot["ax"].set_xlim(0, x_length) |
|
354
|
|
|
shape_legend("heat", plotshare=1, **myplot) |
|
355
|
|
|
|
|
356
|
|
|
if smooth_plot: |
|
357
|
|
|
style = None |
|
358
|
|
|
else: |
|
359
|
|
|
style = "steps-mid" |
|
360
|
|
|
|
|
361
|
|
|
# subplot of efficiency (fixed chp) [5] |
|
362
|
|
|
fix_chp_gas2 = solph.views.node(results, "fixed_chp_gas_2") |
|
363
|
|
|
ngas = fix_chp_gas2["sequences"][ |
|
364
|
|
|
(("natural_gas", "fixed_chp_gas_2"), "flow") |
|
365
|
|
|
] |
|
366
|
|
|
elec = fix_chp_gas2["sequences"][ |
|
367
|
|
|
(("fixed_chp_gas_2", "electricity_2"), "flow") |
|
368
|
|
|
] |
|
369
|
|
|
heat = fix_chp_gas2["sequences"][(("fixed_chp_gas_2", "heat_2"), "flow")] |
|
370
|
|
|
e_ef = elec.div(ngas) |
|
371
|
|
|
h_ef = heat.div(ngas) |
|
372
|
|
|
df = pd.DataFrame(pd.concat([h_ef, e_ef], axis=1)) |
|
373
|
|
|
my_ax = df.reset_index(drop=True).plot( |
|
374
|
|
|
drawstyle=style, ax=fig.add_subplot(3, 2, 5), linewidth=2 |
|
375
|
|
|
) |
|
376
|
|
|
my_ax.set_ylabel("efficiency") |
|
377
|
|
|
my_ax.set_ylim([0, 0.55]) |
|
378
|
|
|
my_ax.set_xlabel("May 2012") |
|
379
|
|
|
my_ax = oeplot.set_datetime_ticks( |
|
380
|
|
|
my_ax, |
|
381
|
|
|
df.index, |
|
382
|
|
|
tick_distance=24, |
|
383
|
|
|
date_format="%d", |
|
384
|
|
|
offset=12, |
|
385
|
|
|
tight=True, |
|
386
|
|
|
) |
|
387
|
|
|
my_ax.set_title("Efficiency (fixed chp)") |
|
388
|
|
|
my_ax.legend_.remove() |
|
389
|
|
|
|
|
390
|
|
|
# subplot of efficiency (variable chp) [6] |
|
391
|
|
|
var_chp_gas = solph.views.node(results, "variable_chp_gas") |
|
392
|
|
|
ngas = var_chp_gas["sequences"][ |
|
393
|
|
|
(("natural_gas", "variable_chp_gas"), "flow") |
|
394
|
|
|
] |
|
395
|
|
|
elec = var_chp_gas["sequences"][ |
|
396
|
|
|
(("variable_chp_gas", "electricity"), "flow") |
|
397
|
|
|
] |
|
398
|
|
|
heat = var_chp_gas["sequences"][(("variable_chp_gas", "heat"), "flow")] |
|
399
|
|
|
e_ef = elec.div(ngas) |
|
400
|
|
|
h_ef = heat.div(ngas) |
|
401
|
|
|
e_ef.name = "electricity " |
|
402
|
|
|
h_ef.name = "heat" |
|
403
|
|
|
df = pd.DataFrame(pd.concat([h_ef, e_ef], axis=1)) |
|
404
|
|
|
my_ax = df.reset_index(drop=True).plot( |
|
405
|
|
|
drawstyle=style, ax=fig.add_subplot(3, 2, 6), linewidth=2 |
|
406
|
|
|
) |
|
407
|
|
|
my_ax.set_ylim([0, 0.55]) |
|
408
|
|
|
my_ax = oeplot.set_datetime_ticks( |
|
409
|
|
|
my_ax, |
|
410
|
|
|
df.index, |
|
411
|
|
|
tick_distance=24, |
|
412
|
|
|
date_format="%d", |
|
413
|
|
|
offset=12, |
|
414
|
|
|
tight=True, |
|
415
|
|
|
) |
|
416
|
|
|
my_ax.get_yaxis().set_visible(False) |
|
417
|
|
|
my_ax.set_xlabel("May 2012") |
|
418
|
|
|
|
|
419
|
|
|
my_ax.set_title("Efficiency (variable chp)") |
|
420
|
|
|
my_box = my_ax.get_position() |
|
421
|
|
|
my_ax.set_position([my_box.x0, my_box.y0, my_box.width * 1, my_box.height]) |
|
422
|
|
|
my_ax.legend(loc="center left", bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5), ncol=1) |
|
423
|
|
|
|
|
424
|
|
|
plt.show() |
|
425
|
|
|
|
|
426
|
|
|
else: |
|
427
|
|
|
logging.warning("You have to install 'oemof-visio' to see the i/o-plot") |
|
428
|
|
|
logging.warning( |
|
429
|
|
|
"Use: pip install git+https://github.com/oemof/oemof_visio.git" |
|
430
|
|
|
) |
|
431
|
|
|
|
oemof /
oemof-solph
