Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like Model often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Model, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
||
| 19 | abstract class Model |
||
| 20 | { |
||
| 21 | protected $mappingClasses = []; |
||
| 22 | |||
| 23 | /** |
||
| 24 | * Contains property name mappings. |
||
| 25 | * |
||
| 26 | * [ |
||
| 27 | * 'data_array_property1' => 'objectProperty1', |
||
| 28 | * 'data_array_property2' => 'objectProperty2', |
||
| 29 | * ] |
||
| 30 | * |
||
| 31 | * Data array property uses as keys |
||
| 32 | * because there is can be more then one rule per object property |
||
| 33 | * |
||
| 34 | * f.g. $data['nmodels'] and ['modelsnum'] should map in modelsCount property. |
||
| 35 | * Otherwise not unique array keys cause remapping of properties. |
||
| 36 | * |
||
| 37 | * @var array |
||
| 38 | */ |
||
| 39 | protected $propNameMap = []; |
||
| 40 | |||
| 41 | /** |
||
| 42 | * Constructor |
||
| 43 | * |
||
| 44 | * @param array $data |
||
| 45 | 152 | */ |
|
| 46 | public function __construct($data) |
||
| 50 | |||
| 51 | /** |
||
| 52 | * Set from XML |
||
| 53 | * |
||
| 54 | * @param \SimpleXMLIterator $data |
||
| 55 | * @return $this |
||
| 56 | 150 | */ |
|
| 57 | public function fromXml(\SimpleXMLIterator $data) |
||
| 120 | |||
| 121 | /** |
||
| 122 | * Set from array |
||
| 123 | * |
||
| 124 | * @param array $data |
||
| 125 | * @return $this |
||
| 126 | */ |
||
| 127 | 40 | public function fromArray($data) |
|
| 160 | |||
| 161 | 18 | /** |
|
| 162 | * Set from json |
||
| 163 | * |
||
| 164 | * @param string $json |
||
| 165 | * @return $this |
||
| 166 | */ |
||
| 167 | public function fromJson($json) |
||
| 173 | |||
| 174 | /** |
||
| 175 | * Get array from object |
||
| 176 | * |
||
| 177 | * @return array |
||
| 178 | */ |
||
| 179 | public function toArray() |
||
| 183 | |||
| 184 | /** |
||
| 185 | * Get array from object |
||
| 186 | * |
||
| 187 | * @return string |
||
| 188 | */ |
||
| 189 | public function toJson() |
||
| 193 | |||
| 194 | /** |
||
| 195 | * Get array from object |
||
| 196 | * |
||
| 197 | * @param array|object $data |
||
| 198 | * @return array |
||
| 199 | */ |
||
| 200 | protected function toArrayRecursive($data) |
||
| 238 | } |
||
| 239 |
Let’s take a look at an example:
In the above example, the authenticate() method works fine as long as you just pass instances of MyUser. However, if you now also want to pass a different sub-classes of User which does not have a getDisplayName() method, the code will break.
Available Fixes
Change the type-hint for the parameter:
Add an additional type-check:
Add the method to the parent class: