| 1 |  |  | <?php | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 2 |  |  | /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  */ | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 3 |  |  | /*  AES counter (CTR) mode implementation in PHP (c) Chris Veness 2005-2010. Right of free use is */ | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 4 |  |  | /*    granted for all commercial or non-commercial use under CC-BY licence. No warranty of any    */ | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 5 |  |  | /*    form is offered.                                                                            */ | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 6 |  |  | /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  */ | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 7 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
                | 8 |  | View Code Duplication | class AesCtr extends Aes | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 9 |  |  | { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 10 |  |  |     /** | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 11 |  |  |      * Encrypt a text using AES encryption in Counter mode of operation | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 12 |  |  |      *  - see http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38a/sp800-38a.pdf | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 13 |  |  |      * | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 14 |  |  |      * Unicode multi-byte character safe | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 15 |  |  |      * | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 16 |  |  |      * @param plaintext source text to be encrypted | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 17 |  |  |      * @param password  the password to use to generate a key | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 18 |  |  |      * @param nBits     number of bits to be used in the key (128, 192, or 256) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 19 |  |  |      * @return          string text | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 20 |  |  |      */ | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 21 |  |  |     public static function encrypt($plaintext, $password, $nBits) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 22 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 23 |  |  |     $blockSize = 16; // block size fixed at 16 bytes / 128 bits (Nb=4) for AES | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 24 |  |  |     if (!($nBits == 128 || $nBits == 192 || $nBits == 256)) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 25 |  |  |         return ''; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 26 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 27 |  |  |     // standard allows 128/192/256 bit keys | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 28 |  |  |     // note PHP (5) gives us plaintext and password in UTF8 encoding! | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 29 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 30 |  |  |     // use AES itself to encrypt password to get cipher key (using plain password as source for | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 31 |  |  |     // key expansion) - gives us well encrypted key | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 32 |  |  |     $nBytes = $nBits / 8; // no bytes in key | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 33 |  |  |     $pwBytes = array(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 34 |  |  |     for ($i = 0; $i < $nBytes; $i++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 35 |  |  |         $pwBytes[$i] = ord(substr($password, $i, 1)) & 0xff; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 36 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 37 |  |  |     $key = Aes::cipher($pwBytes, Aes::keyExpansion($pwBytes)); | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                            
                                                                                            
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 38 |  |  |     $key = array_merge($key, array_slice($key, 0, $nBytes - 16)); // expand key to 16/24/32 bytes long | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 39 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 40 |  |  |     // initialise counter block (NIST SP800-38A §B.2): millisecond time-stamp for nonce in | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 41 |  |  |     // 1st 8 bytes, block counter in 2nd 8 bytes | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 42 |  |  |     $counterBlock = array(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 43 |  |  |     $nonce = floor(microtime(true) * 1000); // timestamp: milliseconds since 1-Jan-1970 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 44 |  |  |     $nonceSec = floor($nonce / 1000); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 45 |  |  |     $nonceMs = $nonce % 1000; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 46 |  |  |     // encode nonce with seconds in 1st 4 bytes, and (repeated) ms part filling 2nd 4 bytes | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 47 |  |  |     for ($i = 0; $i < 4; $i++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 48 |  |  |         $counterBlock[$i] = self::urs($nonceSec, $i * 8) & 0xff; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 49 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 50 |  |  |     for ($i = 0; $i < 4; $i++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 51 |  |  |         $counterBlock[$i + 4] = $nonceMs & 0xff; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 52 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 53 |  |  |     // and convert it to a string to go on the front of the ciphertext | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 54 |  |  |     $ctrTxt = ''; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 55 |  |  |     for ($i = 0; $i < 8; $i++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 56 |  |  |         $ctrTxt .= chr($counterBlock[$i]); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 57 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 58 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 59 |  |  |     // generate key schedule - an expansion of the key into distinct Key Rounds for each round | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 60 |  |  |     $keySchedule = Aes::keyExpansion($key); | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 61 |  |  |     //print_r($keySchedule); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 62 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 63 |  |  |     $blockCount = ceil(strlen($plaintext) / $blockSize); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 64 |  |  |     $ciphertxt = array(); // ciphertext as array of strings | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 65 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 66 |  |  |     for ($b = 0; $b < $blockCount; $b++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 67 |  |  |         // set counter (block #) in last 8 bytes of counter block (leaving nonce in 1st 8 bytes) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 68 |  |  |         // done in two stages for 32-bit ops: using two words allows us to go past 2^32 blocks (68GB) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 69 |  |  |         for ($c = 0; $c < 4; $c++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 70 |  |  |             $counterBlock[15 - $c] = self::urs($b, $c * 8) & 0xff; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 71 |  |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 72 |  |  |         for ($c = 0; $c < 4; $c++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 73 |  |  |             $counterBlock[15 - $c - 4] = self::urs($b / 0x100000000, $c * 8); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 74 |  |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 75 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 76 |  |  |         $cipherCntr = Aes::cipher($counterBlock, $keySchedule); // -- encrypt counter block -- | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                            
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 77 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 78 |  |  |         // block size is reduced on final block | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 79 |  |  |         $blockLength = $b < $blockCount - 1 ? $blockSize : (strlen($plaintext) - 1) % $blockSize + 1; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 80 |  |  |         $cipherByte = array(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 81 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 82 |  |  |         for ($i = 0; $i < $blockLength; $i++) {  // -- xor plaintext with ciphered counter byte-by-byte -- | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 83 |  |  |         $cipherByte[$i] = $cipherCntr[$i] ^ ord(substr($plaintext, $b * $blockSize + $i, 1)); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 84 |  |  |         $cipherByte[$i] = chr($cipherByte[$i]); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 85 |  |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 86 |  |  |         $ciphertxt[$b] = implode('', $cipherByte); // escape troublesome characters in ciphertext | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 87 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 88 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 89 |  |  |     // implode is more efficient than repeated string concatenation | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 90 |  |  |     $ciphertext = $ctrTxt.implode('', $ciphertxt); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 91 |  |  |     $ciphertext = base64_encode($ciphertext); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 92 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 93 |  |  |     return $ciphertext; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 94 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 95 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 96 |  |  |     /** | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 97 |  |  |      * Decrypt a text encrypted by AES in counter mode of operation | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 98 |  |  |      * | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 99 |  |  |      * @param ciphertext source text to be decrypted | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 100 |  |  |      * @param password   the password to use to generate a key | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 101 |  |  |      * @param nBits      number of bits to be used in the key (128, 192, or 256) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 102 |  |  |      * @return           string text | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 103 |  |  |      */ | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 104 |  |  |     public static function decrypt($ciphertext, $password, $nBits) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 105 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 106 |  |  |     $blockSize = 16; // block size fixed at 16 bytes / 128 bits (Nb=4) for AES | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 107 |  |  |     if (!($nBits == 128 || $nBits == 192 || $nBits == 256)) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 108 |  |  |         return ''; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 109 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 110 |  |  |     // standard allows 128/192/256 bit keys | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 111 |  |  |     $ciphertext = base64_decode($ciphertext); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 112 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 113 |  |  |     // use AES to encrypt password (mirroring encrypt routine) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 114 |  |  |     $nBytes = $nBits / 8; // no bytes in key | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 115 |  |  |     $pwBytes = array(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 116 |  |  |     for ($i = 0; $i < $nBytes; $i++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 117 |  |  |         $pwBytes[$i] = ord(substr($password, $i, 1)) & 0xff; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 118 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 119 |  |  |     $key = Aes::cipher($pwBytes, Aes::keyExpansion($pwBytes)); | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                            
                                                                                            
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 120 |  |  |     $key = array_merge($key, array_slice($key, 0, $nBytes - 16)); // expand key to 16/24/32 bytes long | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 121 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 122 |  |  |     // recover nonce from 1st element of ciphertext | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 123 |  |  |     $counterBlock = array(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 124 |  |  |     $ctrTxt = substr($ciphertext, 0, 8); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 125 |  |  |     for ($i = 0; $i < 8; $i++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 126 |  |  |         $counterBlock[$i] = ord(substr($ctrTxt, $i, 1)); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 127 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 128 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 129 |  |  |     // generate key schedule | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 130 |  |  |     $keySchedule = Aes::keyExpansion($key); | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 131 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 132 |  |  |     // separate ciphertext into blocks (skipping past initial 8 bytes) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 133 |  |  |     $nBlocks = ceil((strlen($ciphertext) - 8) / $blockSize); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 134 |  |  |     $ct = array(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 135 |  |  |     for ($b = 0; $b < $nBlocks; $b++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 136 |  |  |         $ct[$b] = substr($ciphertext, 8 + $b * $blockSize, 16); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 137 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 138 |  |  |     $ciphertext = $ct; // ciphertext is now array of block-length strings | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 139 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 140 |  |  |     // plaintext will get generated block-by-block into array of block-length strings | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 141 |  |  |     $plaintxt = array(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 142 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 143 |  |  |     for ($b = 0; $b < $nBlocks; $b++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 144 |  |  |         // set counter (block #) in last 8 bytes of counter block (leaving nonce in 1st 8 bytes) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 145 |  |  |         for ($c = 0; $c < 4; $c++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 146 |  |  |             $counterBlock[15 - $c] = self::urs($b, $c * 8) & 0xff; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 147 |  |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 148 |  |  |         for ($c = 0; $c < 4; $c++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 149 |  |  |             $counterBlock[15 - $c - 4] = self::urs(($b + 1) / 0x100000000 - 1, $c * 8) & 0xff; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 150 |  |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 151 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 152 |  |  |         $cipherCntr = Aes::cipher($counterBlock, $keySchedule); // encrypt counter block | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                            
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 153 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 154 |  |  |         $plaintxtByte = array(); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 155 |  |  |         for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext[$b]); $i++) { | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 156 |  |  |         // -- xor plaintext with ciphered counter byte-by-byte -- | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 157 |  |  |         $plaintxtByte[$i] = $cipherCntr[$i] ^ ord(substr($ciphertext[$b], $i, 1)); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 158 |  |  |         $plaintxtByte[$i] = chr($plaintxtByte[$i]); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 159 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 160 |  |  |         } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 161 |  |  |         $plaintxt[$b] = implode('', $plaintxtByte); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 162 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 163 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 164 |  |  |     // join array of blocks into single plaintext string | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 165 |  |  |     $plaintext = implode('', $plaintxt); | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 166 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 167 |  |  |     return $plaintext; | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 168 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 169 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 170 |  |  |     /* | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 171 |  |  |    * Unsigned right shift function, since PHP has neither >>> operator nor unsigned ints | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 172 |  |  |    * | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 173 |  |  |    * @param a  number to be shifted (32-bit integer) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 174 |  |  |    * @param b  number of bits to shift a to the right (0..31) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 175 |  |  |    * @return   a right-shifted and zero-filled by b bits | 
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
                | 176 |  |  |    */ | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 177 |  |  |     private static function urs($a, $b) | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 178 |  |  |     { | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 179 |  |  |     $a &= 0xffffffff; $b &= 0x1f; // (bounds check) | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 180 |  |  |     if ($a & 0x80000000 && $b > 0) {   // if left-most bit set | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 181 |  |  |         $a = ($a >> 1) & 0x7fffffff; //   right-shift one bit & clear left-most bit | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 182 |  |  |         $a = $a >> ($b - 1); //   remaining right-shifts | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 183 |  |  |     } else {                       // otherwise | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 184 |  |  |         $a = ($a >> $b); //   use normal right-shift | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 185 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 186 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 187 |  |  |     return $a; | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 188 |  |  |     } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 189 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 190 |  |  | } | 
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
                | 191 |  |  | /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  */ | 
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
                | 192 |  |  |  | 
            
                        
Duplicated code is one of the most pungent code smells. If you need to duplicate the same code in three or more different places, we strongly encourage you to look into extracting the code into a single class or operation.
You can also find more detailed suggestions in the “Code” section of your repository.