nextcloud / server

lib/private/Installer.php

Indentation +589 added lines, -589 removed lines

@@ -59,593 +59,593 @@
  * This class provides the functionality needed to install, update and remove apps
  */
 class Installer {
-	/** @var AppFetcher */
-	private $appFetcher;
-	/** @var IClientService */
-	private $clientService;
-	/** @var ITempManager */
-	private $tempManager;
-	/** @var ILogger */
-	private $logger;
-	/** @var IConfig */
-	private $config;
-	/** @var array - for caching the result of app fetcher */
-	private $apps = null;
-	/** @var bool|null - for caching the result of the ready status */
-	private $isInstanceReadyForUpdates = null;
-	/** @var bool */
-	private $isCLI;
-
-	/**
-	 * @param AppFetcher $appFetcher
-	 * @param IClientService $clientService
-	 * @param ITempManager $tempManager
-	 * @param ILogger $logger
-	 * @param IConfig $config
-	 */
-	public function __construct(
-		AppFetcher $appFetcher,
-		IClientService $clientService,
-		ITempManager $tempManager,
-		ILogger $logger,
-		IConfig $config,
-		bool $isCLI
-	) {
-		$this->appFetcher = $appFetcher;
-		$this->clientService = $clientService;
-		$this->tempManager = $tempManager;
-		$this->logger = $logger;
-		$this->config = $config;
-		$this->isCLI = $isCLI;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Installs an app that is located in one of the app folders already
-	 *
-	 * @param string $appId App to install
-	 * @param bool $forceEnable
-	 * @throws \Exception
-	 * @return string app ID
-	 */
-	public function installApp(string $appId, bool $forceEnable = false): string {
-		$app = \OC_App::findAppInDirectories($appId);
-		if ($app === false) {
-			throw new \Exception('App not found in any app directory');
-		}
-
-		$basedir = $app['path'].'/'.$appId;
-
-		if (is_file($basedir . '/appinfo/database.xml')) {
-			throw new \Exception('The appinfo/database.xml file is not longer supported. Used in ' . $appId);
-		}
-
-		$info = OC_App::getAppInfo($basedir.'/appinfo/info.xml', true);
-
-		$l = \OC::$server->getL10N('core');
-
-		if (!is_array($info)) {
-			throw new \Exception(
-				$l->t('App "%s" cannot be installed because appinfo file cannot be read.',
-					[$appId]
-				)
-			);
-		}
-
-		$ignoreMaxApps = $this->config->getSystemValue('app_install_overwrite', []);
-		$ignoreMax = $forceEnable || in_array($appId, $ignoreMaxApps, true);
-
-		$version = implode('.', \OCP\Util::getVersion());
-		if (!\OC_App::isAppCompatible($version, $info, $ignoreMax)) {
-			throw new \Exception(
-				// TODO $l
-				$l->t('App "%s" cannot be installed because it is not compatible with this version of the server.',
-					[$info['name']]
-				)
-			);
-		}
-
-		// check for required dependencies
-		\OC_App::checkAppDependencies($this->config, $l, $info, $ignoreMax);
-		/** @var Coordinator $coordinator */
-		$coordinator = \OC::$server->get(Coordinator::class);
-		$coordinator->runLazyRegistration($appId);
-		\OC_App::registerAutoloading($appId, $basedir);
-
-		$previousVersion = $this->config->getAppValue($info['id'], 'installed_version', false);
-		if ($previousVersion) {
-			OC_App::executeRepairSteps($appId, $info['repair-steps']['pre-migration']);
-		}
-
-		//install the database
-		$ms = new MigrationService($info['id'], \OC::$server->get(Connection::class));
-		$ms->migrate('latest', true);
-
-		if ($previousVersion) {
-			OC_App::executeRepairSteps($appId, $info['repair-steps']['post-migration']);
-		}
-
-		\OC_App::setupBackgroundJobs($info['background-jobs']);
-
-		//run appinfo/install.php
-		self::includeAppScript($basedir . '/appinfo/install.php');
-
-		$appData = OC_App::getAppInfo($appId);
-		OC_App::executeRepairSteps($appId, $appData['repair-steps']['install']);
-
-		//set the installed version
-		\OC::$server->getConfig()->setAppValue($info['id'], 'installed_version', OC_App::getAppVersion($info['id'], false));
-		\OC::$server->getConfig()->setAppValue($info['id'], 'enabled', 'no');
-
-		//set remote/public handlers
-		foreach ($info['remote'] as $name => $path) {
-			\OC::$server->getConfig()->setAppValue('core', 'remote_'.$name, $info['id'].'/'.$path);
-		}
-		foreach ($info['public'] as $name => $path) {
-			\OC::$server->getConfig()->setAppValue('core', 'public_'.$name, $info['id'].'/'.$path);
-		}
-
-		OC_App::setAppTypes($info['id']);
-
-		return $info['id'];
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Updates the specified app from the appstore
-	 *
-	 * @param string $appId
-	 * @param bool [$allowUnstable] Allow unstable releases
-	 * @return bool
-	 */
-	public function updateAppstoreApp($appId, $allowUnstable = false) {
-		if ($this->isUpdateAvailable($appId, $allowUnstable)) {
-			try {
-				$this->downloadApp($appId, $allowUnstable);
-			} catch (\Exception $e) {
-				$this->logger->logException($e, [
-					'level' => ILogger::ERROR,
-					'app' => 'core',
-				]);
-				return false;
-			}
-			return OC_App::updateApp($appId);
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Split the certificate file in individual certs
-	 *
-	 * @param string $cert
-	 * @return string[]
-	 */
-	private function splitCerts(string $cert): array {
-		preg_match_all('([\-]{3,}[\S\ ]+?[\-]{3,}[\S\s]+?[\-]{3,}[\S\ ]+?[\-]{3,})', $cert, $matches);
-
-		return $matches[0];
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Downloads an app and puts it into the app directory
-	 *
-	 * @param string $appId
-	 * @param bool [$allowUnstable]
-	 *
-	 * @throws \Exception If the installation was not successful
-	 */
-	public function downloadApp($appId, $allowUnstable = false) {
-		$appId = strtolower($appId);
-
-		$apps = $this->appFetcher->get($allowUnstable);
-		foreach ($apps as $app) {
-			if ($app['id'] === $appId) {
-				// Load the certificate
-				$certificate = new X509();
-				$rootCrt = file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../../resources/codesigning/root.crt');
-				$rootCrts = $this->splitCerts($rootCrt);
-				foreach ($rootCrts as $rootCrt) {
-					$certificate->loadCA($rootCrt);
-				}
-				$loadedCertificate = $certificate->loadX509($app['certificate']);
-
-				// Verify if the certificate has been revoked
-				$crl = new X509();
-				foreach ($rootCrts as $rootCrt) {
-					$crl->loadCA($rootCrt);
-				}
-				$crl->loadCRL(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../../resources/codesigning/root.crl'));
-				if ($crl->validateSignature() !== true) {
-					throw new \Exception('Could not validate CRL signature');
-				}
-				$csn = $loadedCertificate['tbsCertificate']['serialNumber']->toString();
-				$revoked = $crl->getRevoked($csn);
-				if ($revoked !== false) {
-					throw new \Exception(
-						sprintf(
-							'Certificate "%s" has been revoked',
-							$csn
-						)
-					);
-				}
-
-				// Verify if the certificate has been issued by the Nextcloud Code Authority CA
-				if ($certificate->validateSignature() !== true) {
-					throw new \Exception(
-						sprintf(
-							'App with id %s has a certificate not issued by a trusted Code Signing Authority',
-							$appId
-						)
-					);
-				}
-
-				// Verify if the certificate is issued for the requested app id
-				$certInfo = openssl_x509_parse($app['certificate']);
-				if (!isset($certInfo['subject']['CN'])) {
-					throw new \Exception(
-						sprintf(
-							'App with id %s has a cert with no CN',
-							$appId
-						)
-					);
-				}
-				if ($certInfo['subject']['CN'] !== $appId) {
-					throw new \Exception(
-						sprintf(
-							'App with id %s has a cert issued to %s',
-							$appId,
-							$certInfo['subject']['CN']
-						)
-					);
-				}
-
-				// Download the release
-				$tempFile = $this->tempManager->getTemporaryFile('.tar.gz');
-				$timeout = $this->isCLI ? 0 : 120;
-				$client = $this->clientService->newClient();
-				$client->get($app['releases'][0]['download'], ['sink' => $tempFile, 'timeout' => $timeout]);
-
-				// Check if the signature actually matches the downloaded content
-				$certificate = openssl_get_publickey($app['certificate']);
-				$verified = (bool)openssl_verify(file_get_contents($tempFile), base64_decode($app['releases'][0]['signature']), $certificate, OPENSSL_ALGO_SHA512);
-				// PHP 8+ deprecates openssl_free_key and automatically destroys the key instance when it goes out of scope
-				if ((PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000)) {
-					openssl_free_key($certificate);
-				}
-
-				if ($verified === true) {
-					// Seems to match, let's proceed
-					$extractDir = $this->tempManager->getTemporaryFolder();
-					$archive = new TAR($tempFile);
-
-					if ($archive) {
-						if (!$archive->extract($extractDir)) {
-							$errorMessage = 'Could not extract app ' . $appId;
-
-							$archiveError = $archive->getError();
-							if ($archiveError instanceof \PEAR_Error) {
-								$errorMessage .= ': ' . $archiveError->getMessage();
-							}
-
-							throw new \Exception($errorMessage);
-						}
-						$allFiles = scandir($extractDir);
-						$folders = array_diff($allFiles, ['.', '..']);
-						$folders = array_values($folders);
-
-						if (count($folders) > 1) {
-							throw new \Exception(
-								sprintf(
-									'Extracted app %s has more than 1 folder',
-									$appId
-								)
-							);
-						}
-
-						// Check if appinfo/info.xml has the same app ID as well
-						if ((PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000)) {
-							$loadEntities = libxml_disable_entity_loader(false);
-							$xml = simplexml_load_file($extractDir . '/' . $folders[0] . '/appinfo/info.xml');
-							libxml_disable_entity_loader($loadEntities);
-						} else {
-							$xml = simplexml_load_file($extractDir . '/' . $folders[0] . '/appinfo/info.xml');
-						}
-						if ((string)$xml->id !== $appId) {
-							throw new \Exception(
-								sprintf(
-									'App for id %s has a wrong app ID in info.xml: %s',
-									$appId,
-									(string)$xml->id
-								)
-							);
-						}
-
-						// Check if the version is lower than before
-						$currentVersion = OC_App::getAppVersion($appId);
-						$newVersion = (string)$xml->version;
-						if (version_compare($currentVersion, $newVersion) === 1) {
-							throw new \Exception(
-								sprintf(
-									'App for id %s has version %s and tried to update to lower version %s',
-									$appId,
-									$currentVersion,
-									$newVersion
-								)
-							);
-						}
-
-						$baseDir = OC_App::getInstallPath() . '/' . $appId;
-						// Remove old app with the ID if existent
-						OC_Helper::rmdirr($baseDir);
-						// Move to app folder
-						if (@mkdir($baseDir)) {
-							$extractDir .= '/' . $folders[0];
-							OC_Helper::copyr($extractDir, $baseDir);
-						}
-						OC_Helper::copyr($extractDir, $baseDir);
-						OC_Helper::rmdirr($extractDir);
-						return;
-					} else {
-						throw new \Exception(
-							sprintf(
-								'Could not extract app with ID %s to %s',
-								$appId,
-								$extractDir
-							)
-						);
-					}
-				} else {
-					// Signature does not match
-					throw new \Exception(
-						sprintf(
-							'App with id %s has invalid signature',
-							$appId
-						)
-					);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		throw new \Exception(
-			sprintf(
-				'Could not download app %s',
-				$appId
-			)
-		);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Check if an update for the app is available
-	 *
-	 * @param string $appId
-	 * @param bool $allowUnstable
-	 * @return string|false false or the version number of the update
-	 */
-	public function isUpdateAvailable($appId, $allowUnstable = false) {
-		if ($this->isInstanceReadyForUpdates === null) {
-			$installPath = OC_App::getInstallPath();
-			if ($installPath === false || $installPath === null) {
-				$this->isInstanceReadyForUpdates = false;
-			} else {
-				$this->isInstanceReadyForUpdates = true;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if ($this->isInstanceReadyForUpdates === false) {
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		if ($this->isInstalledFromGit($appId) === true) {
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		if ($this->apps === null) {
-			$this->apps = $this->appFetcher->get($allowUnstable);
-		}
-
-		foreach ($this->apps as $app) {
-			if ($app['id'] === $appId) {
-				$currentVersion = OC_App::getAppVersion($appId);
-
-				if (!isset($app['releases'][0]['version'])) {
-					return false;
-				}
-				$newestVersion = $app['releases'][0]['version'];
-				if ($currentVersion !== '0' && version_compare($newestVersion, $currentVersion, '>')) {
-					return $newestVersion;
-				} else {
-					return false;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Check if app has been installed from git
-	 * @param string $name name of the application to remove
-	 * @return boolean
-	 *
-	 * The function will check if the path contains a .git folder
-	 */
-	private function isInstalledFromGit($appId) {
-		$app = \OC_App::findAppInDirectories($appId);
-		if ($app === false) {
-			return false;
-		}
-		$basedir = $app['path'].'/'.$appId;
-		return file_exists($basedir.'/.git/');
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Check if app is already downloaded
-	 * @param string $name name of the application to remove
-	 * @return boolean
-	 *
-	 * The function will check if the app is already downloaded in the apps repository
-	 */
-	public function isDownloaded($name) {
-		foreach (\OC::$APPSROOTS as $dir) {
-			$dirToTest = $dir['path'];
-			$dirToTest .= '/';
-			$dirToTest .= $name;
-			$dirToTest .= '/';
-
-			if (is_dir($dirToTest)) {
-				return true;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Removes an app
-	 * @param string $appId ID of the application to remove
-	 * @return boolean
-	 *
-	 *
-	 * This function works as follows
-	 *   -# call uninstall repair steps
-	 *   -# removing the files
-	 *
-	 * The function will not delete preferences, tables and the configuration,
-	 * this has to be done by the function oc_app_uninstall().
-	 */
-	public function removeApp($appId) {
-		if ($this->isDownloaded($appId)) {
-			if (\OC::$server->getAppManager()->isShipped($appId)) {
-				return false;
-			}
-			$appDir = OC_App::getInstallPath() . '/' . $appId;
-			OC_Helper::rmdirr($appDir);
-			return true;
-		} else {
-			\OCP\Util::writeLog('core', 'can\'t remove app '.$appId.'. It is not installed.', ILogger::ERROR);
-
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Installs the app within the bundle and marks the bundle as installed
-	 *
-	 * @param Bundle $bundle
-	 * @throws \Exception If app could not get installed
-	 */
-	public function installAppBundle(Bundle $bundle) {
-		$appIds = $bundle->getAppIdentifiers();
-		foreach ($appIds as $appId) {
-			if (!$this->isDownloaded($appId)) {
-				$this->downloadApp($appId);
-			}
-			$this->installApp($appId);
-			$app = new OC_App();
-			$app->enable($appId);
-		}
-		$bundles = json_decode($this->config->getAppValue('core', 'installed.bundles', json_encode([])), true);
-		$bundles[] = $bundle->getIdentifier();
-		$this->config->setAppValue('core', 'installed.bundles', json_encode($bundles));
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Installs shipped apps
-	 *
-	 * This function installs all apps found in the 'apps' directory that should be enabled by default;
-	 * @param bool $softErrors When updating we ignore errors and simply log them, better to have a
-	 *                         working ownCloud at the end instead of an aborted update.
-	 * @return array Array of error messages (appid => Exception)
-	 */
-	public static function installShippedApps($softErrors = false) {
-		$appManager = \OC::$server->getAppManager();
-		$config = \OC::$server->getConfig();
-		$errors = [];
-		foreach (\OC::$APPSROOTS as $app_dir) {
-			if ($dir = opendir($app_dir['path'])) {
-				while (false !== ($filename = readdir($dir))) {
-					if ($filename[0] !== '.' and is_dir($app_dir['path']."/$filename")) {
-						if (file_exists($app_dir['path']."/$filename/appinfo/info.xml")) {
-							if ($config->getAppValue($filename, "installed_version", null) === null) {
-								$info = OC_App::getAppInfo($filename);
-								$enabled = isset($info['default_enable']);
-								if (($enabled || in_array($filename, $appManager->getAlwaysEnabledApps()))
-									  && $config->getAppValue($filename, 'enabled') !== 'no') {
-									if ($softErrors) {
-										try {
-											Installer::installShippedApp($filename);
-										} catch (HintException $e) {
-											if ($e->getPrevious() instanceof TableExistsException) {
-												$errors[$filename] = $e;
-												continue;
-											}
-											throw $e;
-										}
-									} else {
-										Installer::installShippedApp($filename);
-									}
-									$config->setAppValue($filename, 'enabled', 'yes');
-								}
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				closedir($dir);
-			}
-		}
-
-		return $errors;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * install an app already placed in the app folder
-	 * @param string $app id of the app to install
-	 * @return integer
-	 */
-	public static function installShippedApp($app) {
-		//install the database
-		$appPath = OC_App::getAppPath($app);
-		\OC_App::registerAutoloading($app, $appPath);
-
-		$ms = new MigrationService($app, \OC::$server->get(Connection::class));
-		$ms->migrate('latest', true);
-
-		//run appinfo/install.php
-		self::includeAppScript("$appPath/appinfo/install.php");
-
-		$info = OC_App::getAppInfo($app);
-		if (is_null($info)) {
-			return false;
-		}
-		\OC_App::setupBackgroundJobs($info['background-jobs']);
-
-		OC_App::executeRepairSteps($app, $info['repair-steps']['install']);
-
-		$config = \OC::$server->getConfig();
-
-		$config->setAppValue($app, 'installed_version', OC_App::getAppVersion($app));
-		if (array_key_exists('ocsid', $info)) {
-			$config->setAppValue($app, 'ocsid', $info['ocsid']);
-		}
-
-		//set remote/public handlers
-		foreach ($info['remote'] as $name => $path) {
-			$config->setAppValue('core', 'remote_'.$name, $app.'/'.$path);
-		}
-		foreach ($info['public'] as $name => $path) {
-			$config->setAppValue('core', 'public_'.$name, $app.'/'.$path);
-		}
-
-		OC_App::setAppTypes($info['id']);
-
-		return $info['id'];
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @param string $script
-	 */
-	private static function includeAppScript($script) {
-		if (file_exists($script)) {
-			include $script;
-		}
-	}
+    /** @var AppFetcher */
+    private $appFetcher;
+    /** @var IClientService */
+    private $clientService;
+    /** @var ITempManager */
+    private $tempManager;
+    /** @var ILogger */
+    private $logger;
+    /** @var IConfig */
+    private $config;
+    /** @var array - for caching the result of app fetcher */
+    private $apps = null;
+    /** @var bool|null - for caching the result of the ready status */
+    private $isInstanceReadyForUpdates = null;
+    /** @var bool */
+    private $isCLI;
+
+    /**
+     * @param AppFetcher $appFetcher
+     * @param IClientService $clientService
+     * @param ITempManager $tempManager
+     * @param ILogger $logger
+     * @param IConfig $config
+     */
+    public function __construct(
+        AppFetcher $appFetcher,
+        IClientService $clientService,
+        ITempManager $tempManager,
+        ILogger $logger,
+        IConfig $config,
+        bool $isCLI
+    ) {
+        $this->appFetcher = $appFetcher;
+        $this->clientService = $clientService;
+        $this->tempManager = $tempManager;
+        $this->logger = $logger;
+        $this->config = $config;
+        $this->isCLI = $isCLI;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Installs an app that is located in one of the app folders already
+     *
+     * @param string $appId App to install
+     * @param bool $forceEnable
+     * @throws \Exception
+     * @return string app ID
+     */
+    public function installApp(string $appId, bool $forceEnable = false): string {
+        $app = \OC_App::findAppInDirectories($appId);
+        if ($app === false) {
+            throw new \Exception('App not found in any app directory');
+        }
+
+        $basedir = $app['path'].'/'.$appId;
+
+        if (is_file($basedir . '/appinfo/database.xml')) {
+            throw new \Exception('The appinfo/database.xml file is not longer supported. Used in ' . $appId);
+        }
+
+        $info = OC_App::getAppInfo($basedir.'/appinfo/info.xml', true);
+
+        $l = \OC::$server->getL10N('core');
+
+        if (!is_array($info)) {
+            throw new \Exception(
+                $l->t('App "%s" cannot be installed because appinfo file cannot be read.',
+                    [$appId]
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        $ignoreMaxApps = $this->config->getSystemValue('app_install_overwrite', []);
+        $ignoreMax = $forceEnable || in_array($appId, $ignoreMaxApps, true);
+
+        $version = implode('.', \OCP\Util::getVersion());
+        if (!\OC_App::isAppCompatible($version, $info, $ignoreMax)) {
+            throw new \Exception(
+                // TODO $l
+                $l->t('App "%s" cannot be installed because it is not compatible with this version of the server.',
+                    [$info['name']]
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        // check for required dependencies
+        \OC_App::checkAppDependencies($this->config, $l, $info, $ignoreMax);
+        /** @var Coordinator $coordinator */
+        $coordinator = \OC::$server->get(Coordinator::class);
+        $coordinator->runLazyRegistration($appId);
+        \OC_App::registerAutoloading($appId, $basedir);
+
+        $previousVersion = $this->config->getAppValue($info['id'], 'installed_version', false);
+        if ($previousVersion) {
+            OC_App::executeRepairSteps($appId, $info['repair-steps']['pre-migration']);
+        }
+
+        //install the database
+        $ms = new MigrationService($info['id'], \OC::$server->get(Connection::class));
+        $ms->migrate('latest', true);
+
+        if ($previousVersion) {
+            OC_App::executeRepairSteps($appId, $info['repair-steps']['post-migration']);
+        }
+
+        \OC_App::setupBackgroundJobs($info['background-jobs']);
+
+        //run appinfo/install.php
+        self::includeAppScript($basedir . '/appinfo/install.php');
+
+        $appData = OC_App::getAppInfo($appId);
+        OC_App::executeRepairSteps($appId, $appData['repair-steps']['install']);
+
+        //set the installed version
+        \OC::$server->getConfig()->setAppValue($info['id'], 'installed_version', OC_App::getAppVersion($info['id'], false));
+        \OC::$server->getConfig()->setAppValue($info['id'], 'enabled', 'no');
+
+        //set remote/public handlers
+        foreach ($info['remote'] as $name => $path) {
+            \OC::$server->getConfig()->setAppValue('core', 'remote_'.$name, $info['id'].'/'.$path);
+        }
+        foreach ($info['public'] as $name => $path) {
+            \OC::$server->getConfig()->setAppValue('core', 'public_'.$name, $info['id'].'/'.$path);
+        }
+
+        OC_App::setAppTypes($info['id']);
+
+        return $info['id'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the specified app from the appstore
+     *
+     * @param string $appId
+     * @param bool [$allowUnstable] Allow unstable releases
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function updateAppstoreApp($appId, $allowUnstable = false) {
+        if ($this->isUpdateAvailable($appId, $allowUnstable)) {
+            try {
+                $this->downloadApp($appId, $allowUnstable);
+            } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                $this->logger->logException($e, [
+                    'level' => ILogger::ERROR,
+                    'app' => 'core',
+                ]);
+                return false;
+            }
+            return OC_App::updateApp($appId);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Split the certificate file in individual certs
+     *
+     * @param string $cert
+     * @return string[]
+     */
+    private function splitCerts(string $cert): array {
+        preg_match_all('([\-]{3,}[\S\ ]+?[\-]{3,}[\S\s]+?[\-]{3,}[\S\ ]+?[\-]{3,})', $cert, $matches);
+
+        return $matches[0];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Downloads an app and puts it into the app directory
+     *
+     * @param string $appId
+     * @param bool [$allowUnstable]
+     *
+     * @throws \Exception If the installation was not successful
+     */
+    public function downloadApp($appId, $allowUnstable = false) {
+        $appId = strtolower($appId);
+
+        $apps = $this->appFetcher->get($allowUnstable);
+        foreach ($apps as $app) {
+            if ($app['id'] === $appId) {
+                // Load the certificate
+                $certificate = new X509();
+                $rootCrt = file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../../resources/codesigning/root.crt');
+                $rootCrts = $this->splitCerts($rootCrt);
+                foreach ($rootCrts as $rootCrt) {
+                    $certificate->loadCA($rootCrt);
+                }
+                $loadedCertificate = $certificate->loadX509($app['certificate']);
+
+                // Verify if the certificate has been revoked
+                $crl = new X509();
+                foreach ($rootCrts as $rootCrt) {
+                    $crl->loadCA($rootCrt);
+                }
+                $crl->loadCRL(file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/../../resources/codesigning/root.crl'));
+                if ($crl->validateSignature() !== true) {
+                    throw new \Exception('Could not validate CRL signature');
+                }
+                $csn = $loadedCertificate['tbsCertificate']['serialNumber']->toString();
+                $revoked = $crl->getRevoked($csn);
+                if ($revoked !== false) {
+                    throw new \Exception(
+                        sprintf(
+                            'Certificate "%s" has been revoked',
+                            $csn
+                        )
+                    );
+                }
+
+                // Verify if the certificate has been issued by the Nextcloud Code Authority CA
+                if ($certificate->validateSignature() !== true) {
+                    throw new \Exception(
+                        sprintf(
+                            'App with id %s has a certificate not issued by a trusted Code Signing Authority',
+                            $appId
+                        )
+                    );
+                }
+
+                // Verify if the certificate is issued for the requested app id
+                $certInfo = openssl_x509_parse($app['certificate']);
+                if (!isset($certInfo['subject']['CN'])) {
+                    throw new \Exception(
+                        sprintf(
+                            'App with id %s has a cert with no CN',
+                            $appId
+                        )
+                    );
+                }
+                if ($certInfo['subject']['CN'] !== $appId) {
+                    throw new \Exception(
+                        sprintf(
+                            'App with id %s has a cert issued to %s',
+                            $appId,
+                            $certInfo['subject']['CN']
+                        )
+                    );
+                }
+
+                // Download the release
+                $tempFile = $this->tempManager->getTemporaryFile('.tar.gz');
+                $timeout = $this->isCLI ? 0 : 120;
+                $client = $this->clientService->newClient();
+                $client->get($app['releases'][0]['download'], ['sink' => $tempFile, 'timeout' => $timeout]);
+
+                // Check if the signature actually matches the downloaded content
+                $certificate = openssl_get_publickey($app['certificate']);
+                $verified = (bool)openssl_verify(file_get_contents($tempFile), base64_decode($app['releases'][0]['signature']), $certificate, OPENSSL_ALGO_SHA512);
+                // PHP 8+ deprecates openssl_free_key and automatically destroys the key instance when it goes out of scope
+                if ((PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000)) {
+                    openssl_free_key($certificate);
+                }
+
+                if ($verified === true) {
+                    // Seems to match, let's proceed
+                    $extractDir = $this->tempManager->getTemporaryFolder();
+                    $archive = new TAR($tempFile);
+
+                    if ($archive) {
+                        if (!$archive->extract($extractDir)) {
+                            $errorMessage = 'Could not extract app ' . $appId;
+
+                            $archiveError = $archive->getError();
+                            if ($archiveError instanceof \PEAR_Error) {
+                                $errorMessage .= ': ' . $archiveError->getMessage();
+                            }
+
+                            throw new \Exception($errorMessage);
+                        }
+                        $allFiles = scandir($extractDir);
+                        $folders = array_diff($allFiles, ['.', '..']);
+                        $folders = array_values($folders);
+
+                        if (count($folders) > 1) {
+                            throw new \Exception(
+                                sprintf(
+                                    'Extracted app %s has more than 1 folder',
+                                    $appId
+                                )
+                            );
+                        }
+
+                        // Check if appinfo/info.xml has the same app ID as well
+                        if ((PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000)) {
+                            $loadEntities = libxml_disable_entity_loader(false);
+                            $xml = simplexml_load_file($extractDir . '/' . $folders[0] . '/appinfo/info.xml');
+                            libxml_disable_entity_loader($loadEntities);
+                        } else {
+                            $xml = simplexml_load_file($extractDir . '/' . $folders[0] . '/appinfo/info.xml');
+                        }
+                        if ((string)$xml->id !== $appId) {
+                            throw new \Exception(
+                                sprintf(
+                                    'App for id %s has a wrong app ID in info.xml: %s',
+                                    $appId,
+                                    (string)$xml->id
+                                )
+                            );
+                        }
+
+                        // Check if the version is lower than before
+                        $currentVersion = OC_App::getAppVersion($appId);
+                        $newVersion = (string)$xml->version;
+                        if (version_compare($currentVersion, $newVersion) === 1) {
+                            throw new \Exception(
+                                sprintf(
+                                    'App for id %s has version %s and tried to update to lower version %s',
+                                    $appId,
+                                    $currentVersion,
+                                    $newVersion
+                                )
+                            );
+                        }
+
+                        $baseDir = OC_App::getInstallPath() . '/' . $appId;
+                        // Remove old app with the ID if existent
+                        OC_Helper::rmdirr($baseDir);
+                        // Move to app folder
+                        if (@mkdir($baseDir)) {
+                            $extractDir .= '/' . $folders[0];
+                            OC_Helper::copyr($extractDir, $baseDir);
+                        }
+                        OC_Helper::copyr($extractDir, $baseDir);
+                        OC_Helper::rmdirr($extractDir);
+                        return;
+                    } else {
+                        throw new \Exception(
+                            sprintf(
+                                'Could not extract app with ID %s to %s',
+                                $appId,
+                                $extractDir
+                            )
+                        );
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Signature does not match
+                    throw new \Exception(
+                        sprintf(
+                            'App with id %s has invalid signature',
+                            $appId
+                        )
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw new \Exception(
+            sprintf(
+                'Could not download app %s',
+                $appId
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if an update for the app is available
+     *
+     * @param string $appId
+     * @param bool $allowUnstable
+     * @return string|false false or the version number of the update
+     */
+    public function isUpdateAvailable($appId, $allowUnstable = false) {
+        if ($this->isInstanceReadyForUpdates === null) {
+            $installPath = OC_App::getInstallPath();
+            if ($installPath === false || $installPath === null) {
+                $this->isInstanceReadyForUpdates = false;
+            } else {
+                $this->isInstanceReadyForUpdates = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($this->isInstanceReadyForUpdates === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->isInstalledFromGit($appId) === true) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->apps === null) {
+            $this->apps = $this->appFetcher->get($allowUnstable);
+        }
+
+        foreach ($this->apps as $app) {
+            if ($app['id'] === $appId) {
+                $currentVersion = OC_App::getAppVersion($appId);
+
+                if (!isset($app['releases'][0]['version'])) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $newestVersion = $app['releases'][0]['version'];
+                if ($currentVersion !== '0' && version_compare($newestVersion, $currentVersion, '>')) {
+                    return $newestVersion;
+                } else {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if app has been installed from git
+     * @param string $name name of the application to remove
+     * @return boolean
+     *
+     * The function will check if the path contains a .git folder
+     */
+    private function isInstalledFromGit($appId) {
+        $app = \OC_App::findAppInDirectories($appId);
+        if ($app === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $basedir = $app['path'].'/'.$appId;
+        return file_exists($basedir.'/.git/');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if app is already downloaded
+     * @param string $name name of the application to remove
+     * @return boolean
+     *
+     * The function will check if the app is already downloaded in the apps repository
+     */
+    public function isDownloaded($name) {
+        foreach (\OC::$APPSROOTS as $dir) {
+            $dirToTest = $dir['path'];
+            $dirToTest .= '/';
+            $dirToTest .= $name;
+            $dirToTest .= '/';
+
+            if (is_dir($dirToTest)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes an app
+     * @param string $appId ID of the application to remove
+     * @return boolean
+     *
+     *
+     * This function works as follows
+     *   -# call uninstall repair steps
+     *   -# removing the files
+     *
+     * The function will not delete preferences, tables and the configuration,
+     * this has to be done by the function oc_app_uninstall().
+     */
+    public function removeApp($appId) {
+        if ($this->isDownloaded($appId)) {
+            if (\OC::$server->getAppManager()->isShipped($appId)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $appDir = OC_App::getInstallPath() . '/' . $appId;
+            OC_Helper::rmdirr($appDir);
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            \OCP\Util::writeLog('core', 'can\'t remove app '.$appId.'. It is not installed.', ILogger::ERROR);
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Installs the app within the bundle and marks the bundle as installed
+     *
+     * @param Bundle $bundle
+     * @throws \Exception If app could not get installed
+     */
+    public function installAppBundle(Bundle $bundle) {
+        $appIds = $bundle->getAppIdentifiers();
+        foreach ($appIds as $appId) {
+            if (!$this->isDownloaded($appId)) {
+                $this->downloadApp($appId);
+            }
+            $this->installApp($appId);
+            $app = new OC_App();
+            $app->enable($appId);
+        }
+        $bundles = json_decode($this->config->getAppValue('core', 'installed.bundles', json_encode([])), true);
+        $bundles[] = $bundle->getIdentifier();
+        $this->config->setAppValue('core', 'installed.bundles', json_encode($bundles));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Installs shipped apps
+     *
+     * This function installs all apps found in the 'apps' directory that should be enabled by default;
+     * @param bool $softErrors When updating we ignore errors and simply log them, better to have a
+     *                         working ownCloud at the end instead of an aborted update.
+     * @return array Array of error messages (appid => Exception)
+     */
+    public static function installShippedApps($softErrors = false) {
+        $appManager = \OC::$server->getAppManager();
+        $config = \OC::$server->getConfig();
+        $errors = [];
+        foreach (\OC::$APPSROOTS as $app_dir) {
+            if ($dir = opendir($app_dir['path'])) {
+                while (false !== ($filename = readdir($dir))) {
+                    if ($filename[0] !== '.' and is_dir($app_dir['path']."/$filename")) {
+                        if (file_exists($app_dir['path']."/$filename/appinfo/info.xml")) {
+                            if ($config->getAppValue($filename, "installed_version", null) === null) {
+                                $info = OC_App::getAppInfo($filename);
+                                $enabled = isset($info['default_enable']);
+                                if (($enabled || in_array($filename, $appManager->getAlwaysEnabledApps()))
+                                      && $config->getAppValue($filename, 'enabled') !== 'no') {
+                                    if ($softErrors) {
+                                        try {
+                                            Installer::installShippedApp($filename);
+                                        } catch (HintException $e) {
+                                            if ($e->getPrevious() instanceof TableExistsException) {
+                                                $errors[$filename] = $e;
+                                                continue;
+                                            }
+                                            throw $e;
+                                        }
+                                    } else {
+                                        Installer::installShippedApp($filename);
+                                    }
+                                    $config->setAppValue($filename, 'enabled', 'yes');
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                closedir($dir);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $errors;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * install an app already placed in the app folder
+     * @param string $app id of the app to install
+     * @return integer
+     */
+    public static function installShippedApp($app) {
+        //install the database
+        $appPath = OC_App::getAppPath($app);
+        \OC_App::registerAutoloading($app, $appPath);
+
+        $ms = new MigrationService($app, \OC::$server->get(Connection::class));
+        $ms->migrate('latest', true);
+
+        //run appinfo/install.php
+        self::includeAppScript("$appPath/appinfo/install.php");
+
+        $info = OC_App::getAppInfo($app);
+        if (is_null($info)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        \OC_App::setupBackgroundJobs($info['background-jobs']);
+
+        OC_App::executeRepairSteps($app, $info['repair-steps']['install']);
+
+        $config = \OC::$server->getConfig();
+
+        $config->setAppValue($app, 'installed_version', OC_App::getAppVersion($app));
+        if (array_key_exists('ocsid', $info)) {
+            $config->setAppValue($app, 'ocsid', $info['ocsid']);
+        }
+
+        //set remote/public handlers
+        foreach ($info['remote'] as $name => $path) {
+            $config->setAppValue('core', 'remote_'.$name, $app.'/'.$path);
+        }
+        foreach ($info['public'] as $name => $path) {
+            $config->setAppValue('core', 'public_'.$name, $app.'/'.$path);
+        }
+
+        OC_App::setAppTypes($info['id']);
+
+        return $info['id'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string $script
+     */
+    private static function includeAppScript($script) {
+        if (file_exists($script)) {
+            include $script;
+        }
+    }
 }