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<?php |
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namespace Michaelc\Voting\STV; |
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use Psr\Log\LoggerInterface as Logger; |
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use Michaelc\Voting\Exception\VotingLogicException as LogicException; |
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use Michaelc\Voting\Exception\VotingRuntimeException as RuntimeException; |
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class ElectionRunner |
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{ |
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/** |
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* Logger. |
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* |
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* @var \Psr\Log\LoggerInterface |
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*/ |
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protected $logger; |
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/** |
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* Election object. |
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* |
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* @var \Michaelc\Voting\STV\Election; |
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*/ |
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protected $election; |
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/** |
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* Array of all ballots in election. |
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* |
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* @var \MichaelC\Voting\STV\Ballot[] |
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*/ |
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protected $ballots; |
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/** |
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* Quota of votes needed for a candidate to be elected. |
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* |
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* @var int |
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*/ |
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protected $quota; |
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/** |
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* Number of candidates elected so far. |
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* |
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* @var int |
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*/ |
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protected $electedCandidates; |
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/** |
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* Invalid ballots. |
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* |
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* @var \MichaelC\Voting\STV\Ballot[] |
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*/ |
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protected $rejectedBallots; |
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/** |
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* Number of valid ballots |
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* |
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* @var int |
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*/ |
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protected $validBallots; |
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/** |
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* Number of winners to still be elected (at current stage) |
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* |
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* @var int |
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*/ |
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protected $candidatesToElect; |
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/** |
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* Constructor. |
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* |
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* @param Election $election |
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*/ |
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public function __construct(Election $election, Logger $logger) |
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{ |
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$this->logger = $logger; |
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$this->election = $election; |
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$this->ballots = $this->election->getBallots(); |
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$this->rejectedBallots = []; |
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$this->candidatesToElect = $this->election->getWinnersCount(); |
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$this->validBallots = $this->election->getNumBallots(); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Run the election. |
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* |
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* @return Candidate[] Winning candidates |
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*/ |
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public function run() |
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{ |
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$this->logger->notice('Starting to run an election'); |
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$this->logger->notice(sprintf('There are %d candidates, %d ballots and to be %d winners', $this->election->getCandidateCount(), $this->validBallots, $this->election->getWinnersCount())); |
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$this->rejectInvalidBallots(); |
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$this->quota = $this->getQuota(); |
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$this->firstStep(); |
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$candidates = $this->election->getActiveCandidates(); |
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$this->processReallocationRounds($candidates); |
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$this->reallocateRemainingVotes($candidates); |
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$this->logger->notice('Election complete'); |
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return $this->election->getElectedCandidates(); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Perform the initial vote allocation. |
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* |
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* @return |
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*/ |
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protected function firstStep() |
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{ |
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$this->logger->info('Beginning the first step'); |
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foreach ($this->ballots as $i => $ballot) { |
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$this->allocateVotes($ballot); |
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} |
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$this->logger->notice('Step 1 complete', |
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['candidatesStatus' => $this->election->getCandidatesStatus()] |
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); |
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return; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Process re-allocation rounds (elimination re-allocations and surplus re-allocations) |
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* |
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* @param Candidate[] $candidates All active candidates to elect |
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* |
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* @return Candidate[] |
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*/ |
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protected function processReallocationRounds(array &$candidates): array |
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{ |
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$counter = 1; |
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while (($this->candidatesToElect > 0) && ($this->election->getActiveCandidateCount() > $this->candidatesToElect)) { |
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if (!$this->checkCandidates($candidates)) { |
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$this->eliminateCandidates($candidates); |
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} |
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$candidates = $this->election->getActiveCandidates(); |
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$counter++; |
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$this->logger->notice("Step $counter complete", |
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['candidatesStatus' => $this->election->getCandidatesStatus()] |
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); |
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} |
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return $candidates; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Check if any candidates have reached the quota and can be elected. |
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* |
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* @param Candidate[] $candidates Array of active candidates to check |
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* |
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* @return bool Whether any candidates were changed to elected |
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*/ |
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protected function checkCandidates(array $candidates): bool |
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{ |
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$elected = false; |
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$candidatesToElect = []; |
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$this->logger->info('Checking if candidates have passed quota'); |
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if (empty($candidates)) |
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{ |
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throw new LogicException("There are no more candidates left"); |
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} |
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foreach ($candidates as $i => $candidate) { |
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if ($candidate->getState() !== Candidate::RUNNING) |
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{ |
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throw new LogicException('Candidate is not marked as not running but has not been excluded'); |
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} |
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$votes = $candidate->getVotes(); |
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$this->logger->debug("Checking candidate ($candidate) with $votes", ['candidate' => $candidate]); |
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if ($votes >= $this->quota) { |
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$candidatesToElect[] = $candidate; |
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$elected = true; |
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} |
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} |
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$this->electCandidates($candidatesToElect); |
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$this->logger->info(('Candidate checking complete. Elected: ' . count($candidatesToElect))); |
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return $elected; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Elect an array of candidates |
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* |
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* @param Candidate[] $candidates Array of candidates to elect |
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* |
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* @return |
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*/ |
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protected function electCandidates(array $candidates) |
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{ |
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foreach ($candidates as $i => $candidate) { |
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$this->electCandidate($candidate); |
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} |
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return; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Allocate the next votes from a Ballot. |
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* |
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* @param Ballot $ballot The ballot to allocate the votes from |
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* @param float $multiplier Number to multiply the weight by (surplus) |
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* @param float $divisor The divisor of the weight (Total number of |
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* candidate votes) |
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* |
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* @return Ballot The same ballot passed in modified |
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*/ |
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protected function allocateVotes(Ballot $ballot, float $multiplier = 1.0, float $divisor = 1.0): Ballot |
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{ |
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$currentWeight = $ballot->getWeight(); |
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$weight = $ballot->setWeight(($currentWeight * $multiplier) / $divisor); |
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$candidate = $ballot->getNextChoice(); |
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// TODO: Check if candidate is withdrawn |
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$this->logger->debug("Allocating vote of weight $weight to $candidate. Previous weight: $currentWeight", array( |
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'ballot' => $ballot, |
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)); |
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if ($candidate !== null) { |
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$this->election->getCandidate($candidate)->addVotes($weight); |
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$ballot->incrementLevelUsed(); |
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$this->logger->debug('Vote added to candidate'); |
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// If the candidate is no longer running due to being defeated or |
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// elected then we re-allocate their vote again. |
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if (!in_array($candidate, $this->election->getActiveCandidateIds())) |
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{ |
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$this->allocateVotes($ballot); |
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} |
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} |
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return $ballot; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Transfer the votes from one candidate to other candidates. |
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* |
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* @param float $surplus The number of surplus votes to transfer |
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* @param Candidate $candidate The candidate being elected to transfer |
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* the votes from |
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* |
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* @return |
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*/ |
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protected function transferSurplusVotes(float $surplus, Candidate $candidate) |
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{ |
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$totalVotes = $candidate->getVotes(); |
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$candidateId = $candidate->getId(); |
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$this->logger->info('Transfering surplus votes'); |
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foreach ($this->ballots as $i => $ballot) { |
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if ($ballot->getLastChoice() == $candidateId) { |
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$this->allocateVotes($ballot, $surplus, $totalVotes); |
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} |
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} |
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return; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Transfer the votes from one eliminated candidate to other candidates. |
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* |
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* @param Candidate $candidate Candidate being eliminated to transfer |
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* the votes from |
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* |
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* @return |
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*/ |
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protected function transferEliminatedVotes(Candidate $candidate) |
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{ |
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1 |
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$candidateId = $candidate->getId(); |
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1 |
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$votes = $candidate->getVotes(); |
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$this->logger->info("Transfering votes from eliminated candidate ($candidate) with $votes votes"); |
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1 |
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foreach ($this->ballots as $i => $ballot) { |
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1 |
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if ($ballot->getLastChoice() == $candidateId) { |
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$this->allocateVotes($ballot); |
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} |
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} |
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1 |
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return; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Elect a candidate after they've passed the threshold. |
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* |
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* @param Candidate $candidate |
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*/ |
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1 |
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protected function electCandidate(Candidate $candidate) |
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{ |
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1 |
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$this->logger->notice("Electing a candidate: $candidate"); |
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1 |
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$candidate->setState(Candidate::ELECTED); |
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1 |
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$this->electedCandidates++; |
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1 |
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$this->candidatesToElect--; |
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1 |
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if ($this->electedCandidates < $this->election->getWinnersCount()) { |
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1 |
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$surplus = $candidate->getVotes() - $this->quota; |
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1 |
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if ($surplus > 0) { |
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1 |
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$this->transferSurplusVotes($surplus, $candidate); |
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} else { |
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1 |
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$this->logger->notice("No surplus votes from $candidate to reallocate"); |
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} |
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} |
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1 |
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return; |
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} |
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327
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/** |
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328
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* Eliminate the candidate with the lowest number of votes |
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329
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* and reallocated their votes. |
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330
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* |
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331
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* @param Candidate[] $candidates Array of active candidates |
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332
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* |
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333
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* @return int Number of candidates eliminated |
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334
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*/ |
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335
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1 |
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protected function eliminateCandidates(array $candidates): int |
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336
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{ |
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337
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1 |
|
$minimumCandidates = $this->getLowestCandidates($candidates); |
|
338
|
1 |
|
$count = count($minimumCandidates); |
|
339
|
|
|
|
|
340
|
1 |
|
$minimumCandidate = $minimumCandidates[(array_rand($minimumCandidates))]; |
|
341
|
|
|
|
|
342
|
1 |
|
$this->logger->notice(sprintf("There were %d joint lowest candidates, |
|
343
|
1 |
|
%d was randomly selected to be eliminated", $count, $minimumCandidate->getId())); |
|
344
|
|
|
|
|
345
|
1 |
|
$this->transferEliminatedVotes($minimumCandidate); |
|
346
|
1 |
|
$minimumCandidate->setState(Candidate::DEFEATED); |
|
347
|
|
|
|
|
348
|
1 |
|
return count($minimumCandidates); |
|
349
|
|
|
} |
|
350
|
|
|
|
|
351
|
|
|
/** |
|
352
|
|
|
* Get candidates with the lowest number of votes. |
|
353
|
|
|
* |
|
354
|
|
|
* @param Candidate[] $candidates |
|
355
|
|
|
* Array of active candidates |
|
356
|
|
|
* |
|
357
|
|
|
* @return Candidate[] |
|
358
|
|
|
* Candidates with lowest score |
|
359
|
|
|
*/ |
|
360
|
1 |
|
public function getLowestCandidates(array $candidates): array |
|
361
|
|
|
{ |
|
362
|
1 |
|
$minimum = count($this->election->getBallots()); |
|
363
|
1 |
|
$minimumCandidates = []; |
|
364
|
|
|
|
|
365
|
1 |
|
foreach ($candidates as $i => $candidate) { |
|
366
|
1 |
|
if ($candidate->getVotes() < $minimum) { |
|
367
|
1 |
|
$minimum = $candidate->getVotes(); |
|
368
|
1 |
|
unset($minimumCandidates); |
|
369
|
1 |
|
$minimumCandidates[] = $candidate; |
|
370
|
1 |
|
} elseif ($candidate->getVotes() == $minimum) { |
|
371
|
1 |
|
$minimumCandidates[] = $candidate; |
|
372
|
1 |
|
$this->logger->info("Calculated as a lowest candidate: $candidate"); |
|
373
|
|
|
} |
|
374
|
|
|
} |
|
375
|
|
|
|
|
376
|
1 |
|
return $minimumCandidates; |
|
377
|
|
|
} |
|
378
|
|
|
|
|
379
|
|
|
/** |
|
380
|
|
|
* Reject any invalid ballots. |
|
381
|
|
|
* |
|
382
|
|
|
* @return int Number of rejected ballots |
|
383
|
|
|
*/ |
|
384
|
1 |
|
protected function rejectInvalidBallots(): int |
|
385
|
|
|
{ |
|
386
|
1 |
|
foreach ($this->ballots as $i => $ballot) { |
|
387
|
1 |
|
if (!$this->checkBallotValidity($ballot)) { |
|
388
|
1 |
|
$this->rejectedBallots[] = clone $ballot; |
|
389
|
1 |
|
unset($this->ballots[$i]); |
|
390
|
|
|
} |
|
391
|
|
|
} |
|
392
|
|
|
|
|
393
|
1 |
|
$count = count($this->rejectedBallots); |
|
394
|
|
|
|
|
395
|
1 |
|
$this->logger->notice("Found $count rejected ballots"); |
|
396
|
|
|
|
|
397
|
1 |
|
$this->validBallots = $this->validBallots - $count; |
|
398
|
|
|
|
|
399
|
1 |
|
return $count; |
|
400
|
|
|
} |
|
401
|
|
|
|
|
402
|
|
|
/** |
|
403
|
|
|
* Check if ballot is valid. |
|
404
|
|
|
* |
|
405
|
|
|
* @param Ballot $ballot Ballot to test |
|
406
|
|
|
* |
|
407
|
|
|
* @return bool True if valid, false if invalid |
|
408
|
|
|
*/ |
|
409
|
2 |
|
public function checkBallotValidity(Ballot $ballot): bool |
|
410
|
|
|
{ |
|
411
|
2 |
|
if (count($ballot->getRanking()) > $this->election->getCandidateCount()) { |
|
412
|
2 |
|
$this->logger->debug('Invalid ballot - number of candidates', ['ballot' => $ballot]); |
|
413
|
|
|
|
|
414
|
2 |
|
return false; |
|
415
|
|
|
} else { |
|
416
|
2 |
|
$candidateIds = $this->election->getCandidateIds(); |
|
417
|
|
|
|
|
418
|
2 |
|
foreach ($ballot->getRanking() as $i => $candidate) { |
|
419
|
2 |
|
if (!in_array($candidate, $candidateIds)) { |
|
420
|
2 |
|
$this->logger->debug('Invalid ballot - invalid candidate'); |
|
421
|
|
|
|
|
422
|
2 |
|
return false; |
|
423
|
|
|
} |
|
424
|
|
|
} |
|
425
|
|
|
} |
|
426
|
|
|
|
|
427
|
|
|
// TODO: Check for candidates multiple times on the same ballot paper |
|
428
|
|
|
|
|
429
|
2 |
|
$this->logger->debug('Ballot is valid', ['ballot' => $ballot]); |
|
430
|
|
|
|
|
431
|
2 |
|
return true; |
|
432
|
|
|
} |
|
433
|
|
|
|
|
434
|
|
|
/** |
|
435
|
|
|
* Reallocate any remaining votes |
|
436
|
|
|
* |
|
437
|
|
|
* @param Candidate[] $candidates All remaining candidates to elect |
|
438
|
|
|
* @return |
|
439
|
|
|
*/ |
|
440
|
1 |
|
protected function reallocateRemainingVotes(array &$candidates) |
|
441
|
|
|
{ |
|
442
|
1 |
|
if (!empty($candidates)) |
|
443
|
|
|
{ |
|
444
|
1 |
|
$this->logger->info('All votes re-allocated. Electing all remaining candidates'); |
|
445
|
|
|
|
|
446
|
1 |
|
if ($this->candidatesToElect < count($candidates)) |
|
447
|
|
|
{ |
|
448
|
|
|
throw new LogicException('Cannot elect an un-eliminated but remaining candidate as no more seats to fill'); |
|
449
|
|
|
} |
|
450
|
|
|
|
|
451
|
1 |
|
$this->electCandidates($candidates); |
|
452
|
|
|
} |
|
453
|
|
|
|
|
454
|
1 |
|
return; |
|
455
|
|
|
} |
|
456
|
|
|
|
|
457
|
|
|
/** |
|
458
|
|
|
* Get the quota to win. |
|
459
|
|
|
* |
|
460
|
|
|
* @return int |
|
461
|
|
|
*/ |
|
462
|
1 |
|
public function getQuota(): int |
|
463
|
|
|
{ |
|
464
|
1 |
|
$quota = floor( |
|
465
|
1 |
|
($this->validBallots / |
|
466
|
1 |
|
($this->election->getWinnersCount() + 1) |
|
467
|
|
|
) |
|
468
|
1 |
|
+ 1); |
|
469
|
|
|
|
|
470
|
1 |
|
$this->logger->info(sprintf("Quota set at %d based on %d winners and %d valid ballots", $quota, $this->election->getWinnersCount(), $this->validBallots)); |
|
471
|
|
|
|
|
472
|
1 |
|
return $quota; |
|
473
|
|
|
} |
|
474
|
|
|
} |
|
475
|
|
|
|