functions.forum.php ➔ newbb_forumSelectBox() - Code Metrics - Inspection of "PSR-2" - mambax7/newbb5 - Measure and Improve Code Quality continuously with Scrutinizer

Completed

Branch — master (9dda00)

by Michael

created 2017-06-25 16:18 UTC

functions.forum.php ➔ newbb_forumSelectBox() C

↳ Parent: Project

Complexity

Conditions	11
Paths	8

Size

Total Lines	54
Code Lines	34

Duplication

Lines	0
Ratio	0 %

Importance

Changes

Metric	Value
cc	11
eloc	34
nc	8
nop	4
dl	0
loc	54
rs	6.6153
c	0
b	0
f	0

How to fix Long Method Complexity

<?php

/**
 * NewBB 5.0x,  the forum module for XOOPS project
 *
 * @copyright      XOOPS Project (http://xoops.org)
 * @license        GNU GPL 2 or later (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html)
 * @author         Taiwen Jiang (phppp or D.J.) <[email protected]>
 * @since          4.00
 * @package        module::newbb
 */

// defined('XOOPS_ROOT_PATH') || exit('XOOPS root path not defined');


defined('NEWBB_FUNCTIONS_INI') || include __DIR__ . '/functions.ini.php';
define('NEWBB_FUNCTIONS_FORUM_LOADED', true);

if (!defined('NEWBB_FUNCTIONS_FORUM')) {
    define('NEWBB_FUNCTIONS_FORUM', 1);

    /**
     * @param  null|array   $value             selected forum id
     * @param  string $permission        permission (access, all, etc.)
     * @param  bool   $categoryDelimiter show delimiter between categories
     * @param  bool   $see
     * @return string
     */
    function newbbForumSelectBox($value = null, $permission = 'access', $categoryDelimiter = true, $see = false)
    {
        global $xoopsUser;
function myFunction($a, $b) {
    // Do something
}

        /** @var \NewbbCategoryHandler $categoryHandler */
        $categoryHandler = xoops_getModuleHandler('category', 'newbb');
        $categories      = $categoryHandler->getByPermission($permission, ['cat_id', 'cat_order', 'cat_title'], false);

        $cacheHelper = new \Xmf\Module\Helper\Cache('newbb');

        $groups = [XOOPS_GROUP_ANONYMOUS];
        if (is_object($xoopsUser)) {
            $groups = $xoopsUser->getGroups();
        }
        sort($groups);
        $groupKey = 'forumselect_' . $permission . '_' . md5(implode(',', $groups));
        $forums   = $cacheHelper->cacheRead($groupKey, function () use ($categories, $permission) {
            /** @var \NewbbCategoryHandler $categoryHandler */
            $categoryHandler = xoops_getModuleHandler('category', 'newbb');
            $categories      = $categoryHandler->getByPermission($permission, ['cat_id', 'cat_order', 'cat_title'], false);
$x = 1;
$callable = function() use ($x) {
    $x = 2; // Not visible in outer scope. If you would like this, how
            // about using a different variable name than $x?
};

$callable();
var_dump($x); // integer(1)

            /** @var \NewbbForumHandler $forumHandler */
            $forumHandler = xoops_getModuleHandler('forum', 'newbb');
            $forums       = $forumHandler->getTree(array_keys($categories), 0, 'all');

            return $forums;
        }, 300);

        $value = is_array($value) ? $value : [$value];
        //$see = is_array($see) ? $see : array($see);

        $box = '';
        if (count($forums) > 0) {
            foreach (array_keys($categories) as $key) {
                if ($categoryDelimiter) {
                    $box .= "<option value=0>&nbsp;</option>\n";
                }
                $box .= "<option value='" . (-1 * $key) . "'>[" . $categories[$key]['cat_title'] . "]</option>\n";
                if (empty($forums[$key])) {
                    continue;
                }
                foreach ($forums[$key] as $f => $forum) {
                    if ($see && in_array($f, $value)) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    $box .= "<option value='{$f}' " . (in_array($f, $value) ? ' selected' : '') . '>' . $forum['prefix'] . $forum['forum_name'] . "</option>\n";
                }
            }
        } else {
            $box .= '<option value=0>' . _MD_NEWBB_NOFORUMINDB . "</option>\n";
        }
        unset($forums, $categories);

        return $box;
    }

    /**
     * @param  int $forum_id
     * @return string
     */
    function newbbMakeJumpbox($forum_id = 0)
    {
        $box = '<form name="forum_jumpbox" method="get" action="' . XOOPS_URL . '/modules/newbb/viewforum.php" onsubmit="javascript: if (document.forum_jumpbox.forum.value &lt; 1) {return false;}">';
        $box .= '<select class="select" name="forum" onchange="if (this.options[this.selectedIndex].value >0) { document.forms.forum_jumpbox.submit();}">';
        $box .= '<option value=0>-- ' . _MD_NEWBB_SELFORUM . ' --</option>';
        $box .= newbbForumSelectBox($forum_id);
function acceptsInteger($int) { }

$x = '123'; // string "123"

// Instead of
acceptsInteger($x);

// we recommend to use
acceptsInteger((integer) $x);
        $box .= "</select> <input type='submit' class='button' value='" . _GO . "' /></form>";
        unset($forums, $categories);

        return $box;
    }

    /**
     * Get structured forums
     *
     * This is a temporary solution
     * To be substituted with a new tree handler
     *
     * @int integer    $pid    parent forum ID
     *
     * @param  int  $pid
     * @param  bool $refresh
     * @return array
     */
    function newbbGetSubForum($pid = 0, $refresh = false)

    {
        static $list;
        if (!isset($list)) {
            $cacheHelper = new \Xmf\Module\Helper\Cache('newbb');
            $list        = $cacheHelper->read('forum_sub');
        }

        if (!is_array($list) || $refresh) {
            $list = newbbCreateSubForumList();
        }
        if ($pid == 0) {
            return $list;
        } else {
            return @$list[$pid];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    function newbbCreateSubForumList()
// Bad
class Router
{
    public function generate($path)
    {
        return $_SERVER['HOST'].$path;
    }
}

// Better
class Router
{
    private $host;

    public function __construct($host)
    {
        $this->host = $host;
    }

    public function generate($path)
    {
        return $this->host.$path;
    }
}

class Controller
{
    public function myAction(Request $request)
    {
        // Instead of
        $page = isset($_GET['page']) ? intval($_GET['page']) : 1;

        // Better (assuming you use the Symfony2 request)
        $page = $request->query->get('page', 1);
    }
}
    {
        /** @var \NewbbForumHandler $forumHandler */
        $forumHandler = xoops_getModuleHandler('forum', 'newbb');
        $criteria     = new CriteriaCompo(null, 1);
        $criteria->setSort('cat_id ASC, parent_forum ASC, forum_order');
        $criteria->setOrder('ASC');
        $forumsObject = $forumHandler->getObjects($criteria);
        require_once $GLOBALS['xoops']->path('modules/newbb/class/tree.php');
        $tree        = new NewbbObjectTree($forumsObject, 'forum_id', 'parent_forum');
        $forum_array = [];
        foreach (array_keys($forumsObject) as $key) {
            if (!$child = array_keys($tree->getAllChild($forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id')))) {
                continue;
            }
            $forum_array[$forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id')] = $child;
        }
        unset($forumsObject, $tree, $criteria);

        $cacheHelper = new \Xmf\Module\Helper\Cache('newbb');
        $cacheHelper->write('forum_sub', $forum_array);

        return $forum_array;
    }

    /**
     * @param  int  $forum_id
     * @param  bool $refresh
     * @return array|mixed|null
     */
    function newbbGetParentForum($forum_id = 0, $refresh = false)

    {
        static $list = null;

        if (!isset($list)) {
            $cacheHelper = new \Xmf\Module\Helper\Cache('newbb');
            $list        = $cacheHelper->read('forum_parent');
        }
        if (!is_array($list) || $refresh) {
            $list = newbbCreateParentForumList();
        }
        if ($forum_id == 0) {
            return $list;
        } else {
            return @$list[$forum_id];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    function newbbCreateParentForumList()
// Bad
class Router
{
    public function generate($path)
    {
        return $_SERVER['HOST'].$path;
    }
}

// Better
class Router
{
    private $host;

    public function __construct($host)
    {
        $this->host = $host;
    }

    public function generate($path)
    {
        return $this->host.$path;
    }
}

class Controller
{
    public function myAction(Request $request)
    {
        // Instead of
        $page = isset($_GET['page']) ? intval($_GET['page']) : 1;

        // Better (assuming you use the Symfony2 request)
        $page = $request->query->get('page', 1);
    }
}
    {
        /** @var \NewbbForumHandler $forumHandler */
        $forumHandler = xoops_getModuleHandler('forum', 'newbb');
        $criteria     = new Criteria('1', 1);
        $criteria->setSort('parent_forum');
        $criteria->setOrder('ASC');
        $forumsObject = $forumHandler->getObjects($criteria);
        require_once $GLOBALS['xoops']->path('modules/newbb/class/tree.php');
        $tree        = new NewbbObjectTree($forumsObject, 'forum_id', 'parent_forum');
        $forum_array = [];
        foreach (array_keys($forumsObject) as $key) {
            $parent_forum = $forumsObject[$key]->getVar('parent_forum');
            if (!$parent_forum) {
                continue;
            }
            if (isset($forum_array[$parent_forum])) {
                $forum_array[$forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id')]   = $forum_array[$parent_forum];
                $forum_array[$forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id')][] = $parent_forum;
            } else {
                $forum_array[$forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id')] = $tree->getParentForums($forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id'));
            }
        }
        unset($forumsObject, $tree, $criteria);

        $cacheHelper = new \Xmf\Module\Helper\Cache('newbb');
        $cacheHelper->write('forum_parent', $forum_array);

        return $forum_array;
    }
}


Branch — master (9dda00)

functions.forum.php ➔ newbb_forumSelectBox() C

Complexity

Size

Duplication

Importance

How to fix Long Method Complexity

Long Method

1. Pass all data via parameters

2. Create a class that maintains your state

Change not visible in outer-scope

Change visible in outer-scope

1		<?php
		0 ignored issues – show Coding Style Compatibility introduced 2017-06-25 02:50 UTC by Report Bug Copy Issue Report For compatibility and reusability of your code, PSR1 recommends that a file should introduce either new symbols (like classes, functions, etc.) or have side-effects (like outputting something, or including other files), but not both at the same time. The first symbol is defined on line 15 and the first side effect is on line 14. The PSR-1: Basic Coding Standard recommends that a file should either introduce new symbols, that is classes, functions, constants or similar, or have side effects. Side effects are anything that executes logic, like for example printing output, changing ini settings or writing to a file. The idea behind this recommendation is that merely auto-loading a class should not change the state of an application. It also promotes a cleaner style of programming and makes your code less prone to errors, because the logic is not spread out all over the place. To learn more about the PSR-1, please see the PHP-FIG site on the PSR-1. Loading history...
2		/**
3		* NewBB 5.0x, the forum module for XOOPS project
4		*
5		* @copyright XOOPS Project (http://xoops.org)
6		* @license GNU GPL 2 or later (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html)
7		* @author Taiwen Jiang (phppp or D.J.) <[email protected]>
8		* @since 4.00
9		* @package module::newbb
10		*/
11
12		// defined('XOOPS_ROOT_PATH') \|\| exit('XOOPS root path not defined');
		0 ignored issues – show Unused Code Comprehensibility introduced 2017-06-25 02:50 UTC by Report Bug Copy Issue Report `70%` of this comment could be valid code. Did you maybe forget this after debugging? Sometimes obsolete code just ends up commented out instead of removed. In this case it is better to remove the code once you have checked you do not need it. The code might also have been commented out for debugging purposes. In this case it is vital that someone uncomments it again or your project may behave in very unexpected ways in production. This check looks for comments that seem to be mostly valid code and reports them. Loading history...
13
14		defined('NEWBB_FUNCTIONS_INI') \|\| include __DIR__ . '/functions.ini.php';
15		define('NEWBB_FUNCTIONS_FORUM_LOADED', true);
16
17		if (!defined('NEWBB_FUNCTIONS_FORUM')) {
18		define('NEWBB_FUNCTIONS_FORUM', 1);
19
20		/**
21		* @param null\|array $value selected forum id
22		* @param string $permission permission (access, all, etc.)
23		* @param bool $categoryDelimiter show delimiter between categories
24		* @param bool $see
25		* @return string
26		*/
27		function newbbForumSelectBox($value = null, $permission = 'access', $categoryDelimiter = true, $see = false)
28		{
29		global $xoopsUser;
		0 ignored issues – show Compatibility Best Practice introduced 2017-06-25 02:50 UTC by Report Bug Copy Issue Report Use of `global` functionality is not recommended; it makes your code harder to test, and less reusable. Instead of relying on `global` state, we recommend one of these alternatives: 1. Pass all data via parameters function myFunction($a, $b) { // Do something } 2. Create a class that maintains your state class MyClass { private $a; private $b; public function __construct($a, $b) { $this->a = $a; $this->b = $b; } public function myFunction() { // Do something } } Loading history...
30
31		/** @var \NewbbCategoryHandler $categoryHandler */
32		$categoryHandler = xoops_getModuleHandler('category', 'newbb');
33		$categories = $categoryHandler->getByPermission($permission, ['cat_id', 'cat_order', 'cat_title'], false);
34
35		$cacheHelper = new \Xmf\Module\Helper\Cache('newbb');
36
37		$groups = [XOOPS_GROUP_ANONYMOUS];
38		if (is_object($xoopsUser)) {
39		$groups = $xoopsUser->getGroups();
40		}
41		sort($groups);
42		$groupKey = 'forumselect_' . $permission . '_' . md5(implode(',', $groups));
43		$forums = $cacheHelper->cacheRead($groupKey, function () use ($categories, $permission) {
44		/** @var \NewbbCategoryHandler $categoryHandler */
45		$categoryHandler = xoops_getModuleHandler('category', 'newbb');
46		$categories = $categoryHandler->getByPermission($permission, ['cat_id', 'cat_order', 'cat_title'], false);
		0 ignored issues – show Bug introduced 2017-06-25 02:50 UTC by Report Bug Copy Issue Report Consider using a different name than the imported variable `$categories`, or did you forget to import by reference? It seems like you are assigning to a variable which was imported through a `use` statement which was not imported by reference. For clarity, we suggest to use a different name or import by reference depending on whether you would like to have the change visibile in outer-scope. Change not visible in outer-scope $x = 1; $callable = function() use ($x) { $x = 2; // Not visible in outer scope. If you would like this, how // about using a different variable name than $x? }; $callable(); var_dump($x); // integer(1) Change visible in outer-scope $x = 1; $callable = function() use (&$x) { $x = 2; }; $callable(); var_dump($x); // integer(2) Loading history...
47
48		/** @var \NewbbForumHandler $forumHandler */
49		$forumHandler = xoops_getModuleHandler('forum', 'newbb');
50		$forums = $forumHandler->getTree(array_keys($categories), 0, 'all');
51
52		return $forums;
53		}, 300);
54
55		$value = is_array($value) ? $value : [$value];
56		//$see = is_array($see) ? $see : array($see);
		0 ignored issues – show Unused Code Comprehensibility introduced 2017-06-25 02:50 UTC by Report Bug Copy Issue Report `60%` of this comment could be valid code. Did you maybe forget this after debugging? Sometimes obsolete code just ends up commented out instead of removed. In this case it is better to remove the code once you have checked you do not need it. The code might also have been commented out for debugging purposes. In this case it is vital that someone uncomments it again or your project may behave in very unexpected ways in production. This check looks for comments that seem to be mostly valid code and reports them. Loading history...
57		$box = '';
58		if (count($forums) > 0) {
59		foreach (array_keys($categories) as $key) {
60		if ($categoryDelimiter) {
61		$box .= "<option value=0> </option>\n";
62		}
63		$box .= "<option value='" . (-1 * $key) . "'>[" . $categories[$key]['cat_title'] . "]</option>\n";
64		if (empty($forums[$key])) {
65		continue;
66		}
67		foreach ($forums[$key] as $f => $forum) {
68		if ($see && in_array($f, $value)) {
69		continue;
70		}
71		$box .= "<option value='{$f}' " . (in_array($f, $value) ? ' selected' : '') . '>' . $forum['prefix'] . $forum['forum_name'] . "</option>\n";
72		}
73		}
74		} else {
75		$box .= '<option value=0>' . _MD_NEWBB_NOFORUMINDB . "</option>\n";
76		}
77		unset($forums, $categories);
78
79		return $box;
80		}
81
82		/**
83		* @param int $forum_id
84		* @return string
85		*/
86		function newbbMakeJumpbox($forum_id = 0)
87		{
88		$box = '<form name="forum_jumpbox" method="get" action="' . XOOPS_URL . '/modules/newbb/viewforum.php" onsubmit="javascript: if (document.forum_jumpbox.forum.value < 1) {return false;}">';
89		$box .= '<select class="select" name="forum" onchange="if (this.options[this.selectedIndex].value >0) { document.forms.forum_jumpbox.submit();}">';
90		$box .= '<option value=0>-- ' . _MD_NEWBB_SELFORUM . ' --</option>';
91		$box .= newbbForumSelectBox($forum_id);
		0 ignored issues – show Documentation introduced 2017-06-25 05:56 UTC by Report Bug Copy Issue Report `$forum_id` is of type `integer`, but the function expects a `null\|array`. It seems like the type of the argument is not accepted by the function/method which you are calling. In some cases, in particular if PHP’s automatic type-juggling kicks in this might be fine. In other cases, however this might be a bug. We suggest to add an explicit type cast like in the following example: function acceptsInteger($int) { } $x = '123'; // string "123" // Instead of acceptsInteger($x); // we recommend to use acceptsInteger((integer) $x); Loading history...
92		$box .= "</select> <input type='submit' class='button' value='" . _GO . "' /></form>";
93		unset($forums, $categories);
94
95		return $box;
96		}
97
98		/**
99		* Get structured forums
100		*
101		* This is a temporary solution
102		* To be substituted with a new tree handler
103		*
104		* @int integer $pid parent forum ID
105		*
106		* @param int $pid
107		* @param bool $refresh
108		* @return array
109		*/
110	View Code Duplication	function newbbGetSubForum($pid = 0, $refresh = false)
		0 ignored issues – show Duplication introduced 2017-06-25 02:50 UTC by Report Bug Copy Issue Report This function seems to be duplicated in your project. Duplicated code is one of the most pungent code smells. If you need to duplicate the same code in three or more different places, we strongly encourage you to look into extracting the code into a single class or operation. You can also find more detailed suggestions in the “Code” section of your repository. Loading history...
111		{
112		static $list;
113		if (!isset($list)) {
114		$cacheHelper = new \Xmf\Module\Helper\Cache('newbb');
115		$list = $cacheHelper->read('forum_sub');
116		}
117
118		if (!is_array($list) \|\| $refresh) {
119		$list = newbbCreateSubForumList();
120		}
121		if ($pid == 0) {
122		return $list;
123		} else {
124		return @$list[$pid];
125		}
126		}
127
128		/**
129		* @return array
130		*/
131		function newbbCreateSubForumList()
		0 ignored issues – show Coding Style introduced 2017-06-25 16:21 UTC by Report Bug Copy Issue Report `newbbCreateSubForumList` uses the super-global variable `$GLOBALS` which is generally not recommended. Instead of super-globals, we recommend to explicitly inject the dependencies of your class. This makes your code less dependent on global state and it becomes generally more testable: // Bad class Router { public function generate($path) { return $_SERVER['HOST'].$path; } } // Better class Router { private $host; public function __construct($host) { $this->host = $host; } public function generate($path) { return $this->host.$path; } } class Controller { public function myAction(Request $request) { // Instead of $page = isset($_GET['page']) ? intval($_GET['page']) : 1; // Better (assuming you use the Symfony2 request) $page = $request->query->get('page', 1); } } Loading history...
132		{
133		/** @var \NewbbForumHandler $forumHandler */
134		$forumHandler = xoops_getModuleHandler('forum', 'newbb');
135		$criteria = new CriteriaCompo(null, 1);
136		$criteria->setSort('cat_id ASC, parent_forum ASC, forum_order');
137		$criteria->setOrder('ASC');
138		$forumsObject = $forumHandler->getObjects($criteria);
139		require_once $GLOBALS['xoops']->path('modules/newbb/class/tree.php');
140		$tree = new NewbbObjectTree($forumsObject, 'forum_id', 'parent_forum');
141		$forum_array = [];
142		foreach (array_keys($forumsObject) as $key) {
143		if (!$child = array_keys($tree->getAllChild($forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id')))) {
144		continue;
145		}
146		$forum_array[$forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id')] = $child;
147		}
148		unset($forumsObject, $tree, $criteria);
149
150		$cacheHelper = new \Xmf\Module\Helper\Cache('newbb');
151		$cacheHelper->write('forum_sub', $forum_array);
152
153		return $forum_array;
154		}
155
156		/**
157		* @param int $forum_id
158		* @param bool $refresh
159		* @return array\|mixed\|null
160		*/
161	View Code Duplication	function newbbGetParentForum($forum_id = 0, $refresh = false)
		0 ignored issues – show Duplication introduced 2017-06-25 02:50 UTC by Report Bug Copy Issue Report This function seems to be duplicated in your project. Duplicated code is one of the most pungent code smells. If you need to duplicate the same code in three or more different places, we strongly encourage you to look into extracting the code into a single class or operation. You can also find more detailed suggestions in the “Code” section of your repository. Loading history...
162		{
163		static $list = null;
164
165		if (!isset($list)) {
166		$cacheHelper = new \Xmf\Module\Helper\Cache('newbb');
167		$list = $cacheHelper->read('forum_parent');
168		}
169		if (!is_array($list) \|\| $refresh) {
170		$list = newbbCreateParentForumList();
171		}
172		if ($forum_id == 0) {
173		return $list;
174		} else {
175		return @$list[$forum_id];
176		}
177		}
178
179		/**
180		* @return array
181		*/
182		function newbbCreateParentForumList()
		0 ignored issues – show Coding Style introduced 2017-06-25 16:21 UTC by Report Bug Copy Issue Report `newbbCreateParentForumList` uses the super-global variable `$GLOBALS` which is generally not recommended. Instead of super-globals, we recommend to explicitly inject the dependencies of your class. This makes your code less dependent on global state and it becomes generally more testable: // Bad class Router { public function generate($path) { return $_SERVER['HOST'].$path; } } // Better class Router { private $host; public function __construct($host) { $this->host = $host; } public function generate($path) { return $this->host.$path; } } class Controller { public function myAction(Request $request) { // Instead of $page = isset($_GET['page']) ? intval($_GET['page']) : 1; // Better (assuming you use the Symfony2 request) $page = $request->query->get('page', 1); } } Loading history...
183		{
184		/** @var \NewbbForumHandler $forumHandler */
185		$forumHandler = xoops_getModuleHandler('forum', 'newbb');
186		$criteria = new Criteria('1', 1);
187		$criteria->setSort('parent_forum');
188		$criteria->setOrder('ASC');
189		$forumsObject = $forumHandler->getObjects($criteria);
190		require_once $GLOBALS['xoops']->path('modules/newbb/class/tree.php');
191		$tree = new NewbbObjectTree($forumsObject, 'forum_id', 'parent_forum');
192		$forum_array = [];
193		foreach (array_keys($forumsObject) as $key) {
194		$parent_forum = $forumsObject[$key]->getVar('parent_forum');
195		if (!$parent_forum) {
196		continue;
197		}
198		if (isset($forum_array[$parent_forum])) {
199		$forum_array[$forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id')] = $forum_array[$parent_forum];
200		$forum_array[$forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id')][] = $parent_forum;
201		} else {
202		$forum_array[$forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id')] = $tree->getParentForums($forumsObject[$key]->getVar('forum_id'));
203		}
204		}
205		unset($forumsObject, $tree, $criteria);
206
207		$cacheHelper = new \Xmf\Module\Helper\Cache('newbb');
208		$cacheHelper->write('forum_parent', $forum_array);
209
210		return $forum_array;
211		}
212		}
213

mambax7 / newbb5

Branch — master (9dda00)

functions.forum.php ➔ newbb_forumSelectBox() C

Complexity

Size

Duplication

Importance

How to fix Long Method Complexity

Long Method

1. Pass all data via parameters

2. Create a class that maintains your state

Change not visible in outer-scope

Change visible in outer-scope

Duplication Side-by-Side

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