Complex classes like Strings often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Strings, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 12 | class Strings |
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| 13 | { |
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| 14 | /** |
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| 15 | * Changes underscored string to the camel case. |
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| 16 | * |
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| 17 | * Example: |
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| 18 | * <code> |
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| 19 | * $string = 'lannisters_always_pay_their_debts'; |
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| 20 | * $camelcase = Strings::underscoreToCamelCase($string); |
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| 21 | * </code> |
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| 22 | * Result: |
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| 23 | * <code> |
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| 24 | * LannistersAlwaysPayTheirDebts |
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| 25 | * </code> |
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| 26 | * |
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| 27 | * @param string $string |
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| 28 | * @return string |
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| 29 | */ |
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| 30 | public static function underscoreToCamelCase($string) |
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| 31 | { |
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| 32 | $words = explode('_', $string); |
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| 33 | $return = ''; |
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| 34 | foreach ($words as $word) { |
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| 35 | $return .= ucfirst(trim($word)); |
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| 36 | } |
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| 37 | return $return; |
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| 38 | } |
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| 39 | |||
| 40 | /** |
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| 41 | * Changes camel case string to underscored. |
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| 42 | * |
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| 43 | * Example: |
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| 44 | * <code> |
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| 45 | * $string = 'LannistersAlwaysPayTheirDebts'; |
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| 46 | * $underscored = Strings::camelCaseToUnderscore($string); |
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| 47 | * </code> |
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| 48 | * Result: |
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| 49 | * <code> |
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| 50 | * lannisters_always_pay_their_debts |
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| 51 | * </code> |
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| 52 | * |
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| 53 | * @param string $string |
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| 54 | * @return string |
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| 55 | */ |
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| 56 | public static function camelCaseToUnderscore($string) |
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| 57 | { |
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| 58 | return strtolower(preg_replace('/([a-z])([A-Z])/', '$1_$2', $string)); |
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| 59 | } |
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| 60 | |||
| 61 | /** |
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| 62 | * Returns a new string without the given prefix. |
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| 63 | * |
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| 64 | * Example: |
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| 65 | * <code> |
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| 66 | * $string = 'prefixRest'; |
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| 67 | * $withoutPrefix = Strings::removePrefix($string, 'prefix'); |
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| 68 | * </code> |
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| 69 | * Result: |
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| 70 | * <code> |
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| 71 | * Rest |
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| 72 | * </code> |
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| 73 | * |
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| 74 | * @param string $string |
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| 75 | * @param string $prefix |
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| 76 | * @return string |
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| 77 | */ |
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| 78 | public static function removePrefix($string, $prefix) |
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| 79 | { |
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| 80 | if (self::startsWith($string, $prefix)) { |
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| 81 | return substr($string, strlen($prefix)); |
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| 82 | } |
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| 83 | return $string; |
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| 84 | } |
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| 85 | |||
| 86 | /** |
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| 87 | * Removes prefixes defined in array from string. |
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| 88 | * |
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| 89 | * Example: |
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| 90 | * <code> |
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| 91 | * $string = 'prefixRest'; |
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| 92 | * $withoutPrefix = Strings::removePrefixes($string, array('pre', 'fix')); |
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| 93 | * </code> |
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| 94 | * Result: |
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| 95 | * <code> |
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| 96 | * Rest |
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| 97 | * </code> |
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| 98 | * |
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| 99 | * @param string $string |
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| 100 | * @param array $prefixes |
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| 101 | * @return mixed |
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| 102 | */ |
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| 103 | public static function removePrefixes($string, array $prefixes) |
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| 104 | { |
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| 105 | return array_reduce($prefixes, function ($string, $prefix) { |
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| 106 | return Strings::removePrefix($string, $prefix); |
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| 107 | }, $string); |
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| 108 | } |
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| 109 | |||
| 110 | /** |
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| 111 | * Returns a new string without the given suffix. |
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| 112 | * |
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| 113 | * Example: |
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| 114 | * <code> |
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| 115 | * $string = 'JohnSnow'; |
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| 116 | * $withoutSuffix = Strings::removeSuffix($string, 'Snow'); |
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| 117 | * </code> |
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| 118 | * Result: |
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| 119 | * <code> |
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| 120 | * John |
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| 121 | * </code> |
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| 122 | * |
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| 123 | * @param string $string |
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| 124 | * @param string $suffix |
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| 125 | * @return string |
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| 126 | */ |
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| 127 | public static function removeSuffix($string, $suffix) |
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| 128 | { |
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| 129 | if (self::endsWith($string, $suffix)) { |
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| 130 | return substr($string, 0, -strlen($suffix)); |
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| 131 | } |
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| 132 | return $string; |
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| 133 | } |
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| 134 | |||
| 135 | /** |
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| 136 | * Method checks if string starts with $prefix. |
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| 137 | * |
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| 138 | * Example: |
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| 139 | * <code> |
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| 140 | * $string = 'prefixRest'; |
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| 141 | * $result = Strings::startsWith($string, 'prefix'); |
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| 142 | * </code> |
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| 143 | * Result: |
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| 144 | * <code> |
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| 145 | * true |
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| 146 | * </code> |
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| 147 | * |
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| 148 | * @param string $string |
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| 149 | * @param string $prefix |
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| 150 | * @return bool |
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| 151 | */ |
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| 152 | public static function startsWith($string, $prefix) |
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| 153 | { |
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| 154 | return $string && $prefix && strpos($string, $prefix) === 0; |
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| 155 | } |
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| 156 | |||
| 157 | /** |
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| 158 | * Method checks if string ends with $suffix. |
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| 159 | * |
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| 160 | * Example: |
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| 161 | * <code> |
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| 162 | * $string = 'StringSuffix'; |
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| 163 | * $result = Strings::endsWith($string, 'Suffix'); |
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| 164 | * </code> |
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| 165 | * Result: |
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| 166 | * <code> |
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| 167 | * true |
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| 168 | * </code> |
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| 169 | * |
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| 170 | * @param string $string |
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| 171 | * @param string $suffix |
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| 172 | * @return bool |
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| 173 | */ |
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| 174 | public static function endsWith($string, $suffix) |
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| 175 | { |
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| 176 | return $string && $suffix && substr($string, -strlen($suffix)) === $suffix; |
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| 177 | } |
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| 178 | |||
| 179 | /** |
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| 180 | * Determines whether two strings contain the same data, ignoring the case of the letters in the strings. |
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| 181 | * |
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| 182 | * Example: |
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| 183 | * <code> |
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| 184 | * $equal = Strings::equalsIgnoreCase('ABC123', 'abc123'); |
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| 185 | * </code> |
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| 186 | * Result: |
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| 187 | * <code> |
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| 188 | * true |
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| 189 | * </code> |
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| 190 | * |
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| 191 | * @param string $string1 |
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| 192 | * @param string $string2 |
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| 193 | * @return bool |
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| 194 | */ |
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| 195 | public static function equalsIgnoreCase($string1, $string2) |
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| 196 | { |
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| 197 | return strtolower($string1) == strtolower($string2); |
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| 198 | } |
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| 199 | |||
| 200 | /** |
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| 201 | * Removes all occurrences of a substring from string. |
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| 202 | * |
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| 203 | * Example: |
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| 204 | * <code> |
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| 205 | * $string = 'winter is coming???!!!'; |
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| 206 | * $result = Strings::remove($string, '???'); |
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| 207 | * </code> |
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| 208 | * Result: |
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| 209 | * <code> |
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| 210 | * winter is coming!!! |
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| 211 | * </code> |
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| 212 | * |
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| 213 | * @param string $string |
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| 214 | * @param string $stringToRemove |
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| 215 | * @return mixed |
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| 216 | */ |
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| 217 | public static function remove($string, $stringToRemove) |
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| 218 | { |
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| 219 | return $string && $stringToRemove ? str_replace($stringToRemove, '', $string) : $string; |
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| 220 | } |
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| 221 | |||
| 222 | /** |
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| 223 | * Adds suffix to the string. |
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| 224 | * |
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| 225 | * Example: |
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| 226 | * <code> |
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| 227 | * $string = 'Daenerys'; |
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| 228 | * $stringWithSuffix = Strings::appendSuffix($string, ' Targaryen'); |
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| 229 | * </code> |
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| 230 | * Result: |
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| 231 | * <code> |
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| 232 | * Daenerys Targaryen |
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| 233 | * </code> |
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| 234 | * |
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| 235 | * @param string $string |
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| 236 | * @param string $suffix |
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| 237 | * @return string |
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| 238 | */ |
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| 239 | public static function appendSuffix($string, $suffix = '') |
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| 240 | { |
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| 241 | return $string ? $string . $suffix : $string; |
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| 242 | } |
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| 243 | |||
| 244 | /** |
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| 245 | * Adds prefix to the string. |
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| 246 | * |
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| 247 | * Example: |
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| 248 | * <code> |
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| 249 | * $string = 'Targaryen'; |
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| 250 | * $stringWithPrefix = Strings::appendPrefix($string, 'Daenerys '); |
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| 251 | * </code> |
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| 252 | * Result: |
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| 253 | * <code> |
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| 254 | * Daenerys Targaryen |
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| 255 | * </code> |
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| 256 | * |
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| 257 | * @param string $string |
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| 258 | * @param string $prefix |
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| 259 | * @return string |
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| 260 | */ |
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| 261 | public static function appendPrefix($string, $prefix = '') |
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| 262 | { |
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| 263 | return $string ? $prefix . $string : $string; |
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| 264 | } |
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| 265 | |||
| 266 | /** |
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| 267 | * Converts a word into the format for an Ouzo table name. Converts 'ModelName' to 'model_names'. |
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| 268 | * |
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| 269 | * Example: |
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| 270 | * <code> |
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| 271 | * $class = "BigFoot"; |
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| 272 | * $table = Strings::tableize($class); |
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| 273 | * </code> |
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| 274 | * Result: |
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| 275 | * <code> |
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| 276 | * BigFeet |
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| 277 | * </code> |
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| 278 | * |
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| 279 | * @param string $class |
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| 280 | * @return string |
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| 281 | */ |
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| 282 | public static function tableize($class) |
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| 283 | { |
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| 284 | $underscored = Strings::camelCaseToUnderscore($class); |
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| 285 | $parts = explode('_', $underscored); |
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| 286 | $suffix = Inflector::pluralize(array_pop($parts)); |
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| 287 | $parts[] = $suffix; |
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| 288 | return implode('_', $parts); |
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| 289 | } |
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| 290 | |||
| 291 | /** |
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| 292 | * Changes new lines to <br> and converts special characters to HTML entities. |
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| 293 | * |
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| 294 | * Example: |
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| 295 | * <code> |
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| 296 | * $string = "My name is <strong>Reek</strong> \nit rhymes with leek"; |
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| 297 | * $escaped = Strings::escapeNewLines($string); |
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| 298 | * </code> |
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| 299 | * Result: |
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| 300 | * <code> |
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| 301 | * My name is <strong>Reek</strong> <br />it rhymes with leek |
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| 302 | * </code> |
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| 303 | * |
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| 304 | * @param string $string |
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| 305 | * @return string |
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| 306 | */ |
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| 307 | public static function escapeNewLines($string) |
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| 308 | { |
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| 309 | $string = htmlspecialchars($string); |
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| 310 | return nl2br($string); |
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| 311 | } |
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| 312 | |||
| 313 | /** |
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| 314 | * Alias for html_entity_decode() with UTF-8 and defined flag ENT_COMPAT. |
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| 315 | * |
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| 316 | * @param string $text |
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| 317 | * @return string |
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| 318 | */ |
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| 319 | public static function htmlEntityDecode($text) |
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| 320 | { |
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| 321 | return html_entity_decode($text, ENT_COMPAT, 'UTF-8'); |
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| 322 | } |
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| 323 | |||
| 324 | /** |
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| 325 | * Alias for htmlentities() with UTF-8 and flags ENT_COMPAT and ENT_SUBSTITUTE (ENT_IGNORE for php <= 5.3). |
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| 326 | * |
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| 327 | * @param string $text |
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| 328 | * @return string |
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| 329 | */ |
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| 330 | public static function htmlEntities($text) |
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| 331 | { |
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| 332 | $flag = defined('ENT_SUBSTITUTE') ? ENT_SUBSTITUTE : ENT_IGNORE; |
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| 333 | $htmlentities = htmlentities($text, ENT_COMPAT | $flag, 'UTF-8'); |
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| 334 | $htmlentities = str_replace(array('Ó', 'ó'), array('Ó', 'ó'), $htmlentities); |
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| 335 | return $htmlentities; |
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| 336 | } |
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| 337 | |||
| 338 | /** |
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| 339 | * Method checks if string representations of two objects are equal. |
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| 340 | * |
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| 341 | * Example: |
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| 342 | * <code> |
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| 343 | * $result = Strings::equal('0123', 123); |
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| 344 | * </code> |
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| 345 | * Result: |
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| 346 | * <code> |
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| 347 | * false |
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| 348 | * </code> |
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| 349 | * |
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| 350 | * @param mixed $object1 |
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| 351 | * @param mixed $object2 |
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| 352 | * @return bool |
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| 353 | */ |
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| 354 | public static function equal($object1, $object2) |
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| 355 | { |
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| 356 | return (string)$object1 === (string)$object2; |
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| 357 | } |
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| 358 | |||
| 359 | /** |
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| 360 | * Method checks if string is blank. |
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| 361 | * |
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| 362 | * Example: |
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| 363 | * <code> |
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| 364 | * $result = Strings::isBlank('0'); |
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| 365 | * </code> |
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| 366 | * Result: |
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| 367 | * <code> |
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| 368 | * false |
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| 369 | * </code> |
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| 370 | * |
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| 371 | * @param string $string |
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| 372 | * @return bool |
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| 373 | */ |
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| 374 | public static function isBlank($string) |
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| 375 | { |
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| 376 | return mb_strlen(trim($string)) == 0; |
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| 377 | } |
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| 378 | |||
| 379 | /** |
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| 380 | * Method checks if string is not blank. |
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| 381 | * |
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| 382 | * Example: |
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| 383 | * <code> |
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| 384 | * $result = Strings::isNotBlank('0'); |
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| 385 | * </code> |
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| 386 | * Result: |
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| 387 | * <code> |
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| 388 | * true |
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| 389 | * </code> |
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| 390 | * |
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| 391 | * @param string $string |
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| 392 | * @return bool |
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| 393 | */ |
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| 394 | public static function isNotBlank($string) |
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| 395 | { |
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| 396 | return !Strings::isBlank($string); |
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| 397 | } |
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| 398 | |||
| 399 | /** |
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| 400 | * Abbreviate - abbreviates a string using ellipsis. |
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| 401 | * |
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| 402 | * Example: |
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| 403 | * <code> |
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| 404 | * $result = Strings::abbreviate('ouzo is great', 5); |
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| 405 | * </code> |
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| 406 | * Result: |
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| 407 | * <code> |
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| 408 | * ouzo ... |
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| 409 | * </code> |
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| 410 | * |
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| 411 | * @param string $string |
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| 412 | * @param string $maxWidth |
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| 413 | * @return string |
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| 414 | */ |
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| 415 | public static function abbreviate($string, $maxWidth) |
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| 416 | { |
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| 417 | if (mb_strlen($string) > $maxWidth) { |
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| 418 | return mb_substr($string, 0, $maxWidth) . '...'; |
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| 419 | } |
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| 420 | return $string; |
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| 421 | } |
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| 422 | |||
| 423 | |||
| 424 | /** |
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| 425 | * Removes control characters from both ends of this string returning null if the string is empty ("") after the trim or if it is null. |
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| 426 | * |
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| 427 | * Example: |
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| 428 | * <code> |
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| 429 | * $result = Strings::trimToNull(' '); |
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| 430 | * </code> |
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| 431 | * Result: |
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| 432 | * <code> |
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| 433 | * null |
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| 434 | * </code> |
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| 435 | * |
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| 436 | * @param string $string |
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| 437 | * @return string |
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| 438 | */ |
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| 439 | public static function trimToNull($string) |
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| 440 | { |
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| 441 | $string = trim($string); |
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| 442 | if (mb_strlen($string) == 0) { |
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| 443 | return null; |
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| 444 | } |
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| 445 | return $string; |
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| 446 | } |
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| 447 | |||
| 448 | /** |
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| 449 | * Replace all occurrences of placeholder in string with values from associative array. |
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| 450 | * |
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| 451 | * Example: |
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| 452 | * <code> |
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| 453 | * $sprintfString = "This is %{what}! %{what}? This is %{place}!"; |
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| 454 | * $assocArray = array( |
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| 455 | * 'what' => 'madness', |
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| 456 | * 'place' => 'Sparta' |
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| 457 | * ); |
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| 458 | * </code> |
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| 459 | * Result: |
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| 460 | * <code> |
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| 461 | * 'This is madness! madness? This is Sparta!' |
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| 462 | * </code> |
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| 463 | * |
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| 464 | * @param string $string |
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| 465 | * @param array $params |
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| 466 | * @return string |
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| 467 | */ |
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| 468 | public static function sprintAssoc($string, $params) |
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| 469 | { |
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| 470 | foreach ($params as $k => $v) { |
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| 471 | $string = preg_replace("/%{($k)}/", $v, $string); |
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| 472 | } |
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| 473 | return $string; |
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| 474 | } |
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| 475 | |||
| 476 | /** |
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| 477 | * Replace all occurrences of placeholder in string with values from associative array. |
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| 478 | * When no value for placeholder is found in array, a default empty value is used if not otherwise specified. |
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| 479 | * |
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| 480 | * Example: |
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| 481 | * <code> |
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| 482 | * $sprintfString = "This is %{what}! %{what}? This is %{place}!"; |
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| 483 | * $assocArray = array( |
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| 484 | * 'what' => 'madness', |
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| 485 | * 'place' => 'Sparta' |
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| 486 | * ); |
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| 487 | * </code> |
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| 488 | * Result: |
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| 489 | * <code> |
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| 490 | * 'This is madness! madness? This is Sparta!' |
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| 491 | * </code> |
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| 492 | * |
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| 493 | * @param string $string |
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| 494 | * @param array $params |
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| 495 | * @param string $default |
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| 496 | * @return string |
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| 497 | */ |
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| 498 | public static function sprintAssocDefault($string, $params, $default = '') |
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| 499 | { |
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| 500 | foreach ($params as $k => $v) { |
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| 501 | $string = preg_replace("/%{($k)}/", $v, $string); |
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| 502 | } |
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| 503 | $string = preg_replace("/%{\w*}/", $default, $string); |
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| 504 | return $string; |
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| 505 | } |
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| 506 | |||
| 507 | /** |
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| 508 | * Checks if string contains the substring. |
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| 509 | * |
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| 510 | * @param string $string |
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| 511 | * @param string $substring |
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| 512 | * @return bool |
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| 513 | */ |
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| 514 | public static function contains($string, $substring) |
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| 515 | { |
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| 516 | return strstr($string, $substring) !== false; |
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| 517 | } |
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| 518 | |||
| 519 | /** |
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| 520 | * Gets the substring before the first occurrence of a separator. The separator is not returned. |
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| 521 | * |
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| 522 | * @param string $string |
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| 523 | * @param string $separator |
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| 524 | * @return string |
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| 525 | */ |
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| 526 | public static function substringBefore($string, $separator) |
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| 527 | { |
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| 528 | $pos = mb_strpos($string, $separator); |
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| 529 | return $pos !== false ? mb_substr($string, 0, $pos) : $string; |
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| 530 | } |
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| 531 | |||
| 532 | /** |
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| 533 | * @param string $subject |
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| 534 | * @param string $search |
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| 535 | * @param string $replace |
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| 536 | * @param int $nth |
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| 537 | * @return string |
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| 538 | */ |
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| 539 | public static function replaceNth($subject, $search, $replace, $nth) |
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| 540 | { |
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| 541 | $found = preg_match_all('/' . $search . '/', $subject, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE); |
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| 542 | if (false !== $found && $found > $nth) { |
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| 543 | return substr_replace($subject, $replace, $matches[0][$nth][1], strlen($search)); |
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| 544 | } |
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| 545 | return $subject; |
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| 546 | } |
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| 547 | } |
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| 548 |