Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like Configuration often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Configuration, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 11 | class Configuration |
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| 12 | { |
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| 13 | /** |
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| 14 | * @var string |
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| 15 | */ |
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| 16 | private $rootDir = ''; |
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| 17 | |||
| 18 | /** |
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| 19 | * @var array |
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| 20 | */ |
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| 21 | private $watchDirectories = []; |
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| 22 | |||
| 23 | /** |
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| 24 | * @var string |
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| 25 | */ |
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| 26 | private $testsDirectory = ''; |
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| 27 | |||
| 28 | /** |
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| 29 | * @var string |
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| 30 | */ |
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| 31 | private $bootstrapPath = ''; |
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| 32 | |||
| 33 | /** |
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| 34 | * @var string |
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| 35 | */ |
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| 36 | private $phpunitPath = 'vendor/bin/phpunit'; |
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| 37 | |||
| 38 | /** |
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| 39 | * @var null|EventDispatcher |
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| 40 | */ |
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| 41 | private $eventDispatcher; |
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| 42 | |||
| 43 | /** |
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| 44 | * @var null|DatabaseSandbox |
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| 45 | */ |
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| 46 | private $databaseSandbox; |
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| 47 | |||
| 48 | /** |
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| 49 | * @var string |
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| 50 | */ |
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| 51 | private $memoryLimit = '256M'; |
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| 52 | |||
| 53 | /** |
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| 54 | * @var int |
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| 55 | */ |
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| 56 | private $numChunks = 1; |
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| 57 | |||
| 58 | 3 | public static function createFromXmlFile(string $path) : self |
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| 132 | |||
| 133 | 2 | public function addListener( |
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| 152 | |||
| 153 | 10 | View Code Duplication | public function setRootDir(string $rootDir) : self |
| 165 | |||
| 166 | 4 | public function getRootDir() : string |
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| 170 | |||
| 171 | 5 | public function setWatchDirectories(array $watchDirectories) : self |
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| 187 | |||
| 188 | 3 | public function getWatchDirectories() : array |
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| 192 | |||
| 193 | 5 | View Code Duplication | public function setTestsDirectory(string $testsDirectory) : self |
| 205 | |||
| 206 | 3 | public function getTestsDirectory() : string |
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| 210 | |||
| 211 | 4 | View Code Duplication | public function setBootstrapPath(string $bootstrapPath) : self |
| 223 | |||
| 224 | 3 | public function getBootstrapPath() : string |
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| 228 | |||
| 229 | 10 | View Code Duplication | public function setPhpunitPath(string $phpunitPath) : self |
| 241 | |||
| 242 | 3 | public function getPhpunitPath() : string |
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| 246 | |||
| 247 | 1 | public function setDatabaseSandbox(DatabaseSandbox $databaseSandbox) : self |
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| 253 | |||
| 254 | 4 | public function getDatabaseSandbox() : DatabaseSandbox |
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| 262 | |||
| 263 | 3 | public function setDatabaseNames(array $databaseNames) : self |
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| 269 | |||
| 270 | 1 | public function setSandboxEnabled(bool $sandboxEnabled) : self |
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| 276 | |||
| 277 | 2 | public function setMemoryLimit(string $memoryLimit) : self |
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| 283 | |||
| 284 | 2 | public function getMemoryLimit() : string |
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| 288 | |||
| 289 | 2 | public function setNumChunks(int $numChunks) : self |
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| 295 | |||
| 296 | 1 | public function getNumChunks() : int |
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| 300 | |||
| 301 | 1 | public function setEventDispatcher(EventDispatcher $eventDispatcher) : self |
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| 307 | |||
| 308 | 3 | public function getEventDispatcher() : EventDispatcher |
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| 316 | |||
| 317 | 2 | public function throwExceptionIfConfigurationIncomplete() |
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| 337 | } |
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| 338 |
If you define a variable conditionally, it can happen that it is not defined for all execution paths.
Let’s take a look at an example:
In the above example, the variable $x is defined if you pass “foo” or “bar” as argument for $a. However, since the switch statement has no default case statement, if you pass any other value, the variable $x would be undefined.
Available Fixes
Check for existence of the variable explicitly:
Define a default value for the variable:
Add a value for the missing path: