Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
| 1 | <?php  | 
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| 11 | class StaffController extends Controller  | 
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| 12 | { | 
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| 13 | |||
| 14 | public function __construct()  | 
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| 20 | public function index()  | 
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| 26 | /**  | 
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| 27 | * Set the user available.  | 
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| 28 | *  | 
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| 29 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse  | 
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| 30 | */  | 
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| 31 | View Code Duplication | public function setAvailable()  | 
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| 40 | /**  | 
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| 41 | * Set the user unavailable.  | 
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| 42 | *  | 
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| 43 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse  | 
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| 44 | */  | 
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| 45 | View Code Duplication | public function setUnavailable()  | 
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| 53 | |||
| 54 | public function profile()  | 
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| 58 | }  | 
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Adding an explicit array definition is generally preferable to implicit array definition as it guarantees a stable state of the code.
Let’s take a look at an example:
As you can see in this example, the array
$myArrayis initialized the first time when the foreach loop is entered. You can also see that the value of thebarkey is only written conditionally; thus, its value might result from a previous iteration.This might or might not be intended. To make your intention clear, your code more readible and to avoid accidental bugs, we recommend to add an explicit initialization $myArray = array() either outside or inside the foreach loop.