Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like TwitterAds often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use TwitterAds, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 28 | class TwitterAds extends Config |
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| 29 | { |
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| 30 | const API_VERSION = '1'; |
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| 31 | const API_REST_VERSION = '1.1'; |
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| 32 | const API_HOST = 'https://ads-api.twitter.com'; |
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| 33 | const API_HOST_SANDBOX = 'https://ads-api-sandbox.twitter.com'; |
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| 34 | const API_HOST_OAUTH = 'https://api.twitter.com'; |
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| 35 | const UPLOAD_HOST = 'https://upload.twitter.com'; |
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| 36 | const UPLOAD_PATH = 'media/upload.json'; |
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| 37 | const UPLOAD_CHUNK = 40960; // 1024 * 40 |
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| 38 | |||
| 39 | /** @var string Method used for the request */ |
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| 40 | private $method; |
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| 41 | /** @var string Resource used for the request */ |
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| 42 | private $resource; |
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| 43 | /** @var Response details about the result of the last request */ |
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| 44 | private $response; |
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| 45 | /** @var string|null Application bearer token */ |
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| 46 | private $bearer; |
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| 47 | /** @var Consumer Twitter application details */ |
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| 48 | private $consumer; |
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| 49 | /** @var Token|null User access token details */ |
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| 50 | private $token; |
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| 51 | /** @var HmacSha1 OAuth 1 signature type used by Twitter */ |
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| 52 | private $signatureMethod; |
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| 53 | /** @var bool Sandbox allows to make requests thought sandbox environment */ |
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| 54 | private $sandbox; |
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| 55 | |||
| 56 | /** |
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| 57 | * Constructor. |
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| 58 | * |
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| 59 | * @param string $consumerKey The Application Consumer Key |
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| 60 | * @param string $consumerSecret The Application Consumer Secret |
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| 61 | * @param string|null $oauthToken The Client Token (optional) |
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| 62 | * @param string|null $oauthTokenSecret The Client Token Secret (optional) |
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| 63 | * @param bool $sandbox The Sandbox environment (optional) |
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| 64 | */ |
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| 65 | public function __construct($consumerKey, $consumerSecret, $oauthToken = null, $oauthTokenSecret = null, $sandbox = false) |
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| 78 | |||
| 79 | /** |
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| 80 | * Set API URLS. |
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| 81 | */ |
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| 82 | public function accessTokenURL() |
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| 86 | |||
| 87 | public function authenticateURL() |
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| 91 | |||
| 92 | public function authorizeURL() |
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| 96 | |||
| 97 | public function requestTokenURL() |
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| 101 | |||
| 102 | /** |
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| 103 | * @param string $accountId |
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| 104 | * |
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| 105 | * @return Account|Cursor |
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| 106 | */ |
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| 107 | public function getAccounts($accountId = '') |
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| 113 | |||
| 114 | /** |
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| 115 | * @param string $oauthToken |
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| 116 | * @param string $oauthTokenSecret |
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| 117 | */ |
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| 118 | public function setOauthToken($oauthToken, $oauthTokenSecret) |
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| 122 | |||
| 123 | /** |
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| 124 | * @return string|null |
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| 125 | */ |
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| 126 | public function getLastApiPath() |
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| 130 | |||
| 131 | /** |
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| 132 | * @return int |
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| 133 | */ |
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| 134 | public function getLastHttpCode() |
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| 138 | |||
| 139 | /** |
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| 140 | * @return array |
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| 141 | */ |
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| 142 | public function getLastXHeaders() |
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| 146 | |||
| 147 | /** |
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| 148 | * @return array|object|null |
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| 149 | */ |
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| 150 | public function getLastBody() |
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| 154 | |||
| 155 | /** |
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| 156 | * Resets the last response cache. |
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| 157 | */ |
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| 158 | public function resetLastResponse() |
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| 162 | |||
| 163 | /** |
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| 164 | * Make URLs for user browser navigation. |
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| 165 | * |
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| 166 | * @param string $path |
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| 167 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 168 | * |
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| 169 | * @return string |
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| 170 | */ |
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| 171 | public function url($path, array $parameters) |
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| 179 | |||
| 180 | /** |
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| 181 | * Make /oauth/* requests to the API. |
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| 182 | * |
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| 183 | * @param string $path |
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| 184 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 185 | * @return array |
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| 186 | * @throws Exception |
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| 187 | */ |
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| 188 | public function oauth($path, array $parameters = []) |
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| 205 | |||
| 206 | /** |
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| 207 | * Make /oauth2/* requests to the API. |
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| 208 | * |
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| 209 | * @param string $path |
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| 210 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 211 | * |
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| 212 | * @return array|object |
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| 213 | */ |
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| 214 | public function oauth2($path, array $parameters = []) |
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| 228 | |||
| 229 | public function verifyCredentials($parameters = []) |
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| 233 | |||
| 234 | /** |
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| 235 | * Make GET requests to the API. |
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| 236 | * |
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| 237 | * @param string $path |
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| 238 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 239 | * |
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| 240 | * @return Response |
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| 241 | */ |
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| 242 | public function get($path, array $parameters = []) |
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| 246 | |||
| 247 | /** |
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| 248 | * Make POST requests to the API. |
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| 249 | * |
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| 250 | * @param string $path |
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| 251 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 252 | * |
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| 253 | * @param array $headers |
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| 254 | * @return Response |
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| 255 | */ |
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| 256 | public function post($path, array $parameters = [], array $headers = []) |
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| 260 | |||
| 261 | /** |
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| 262 | * Make DELETE requests to the API. |
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| 263 | * |
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| 264 | * @param string $path |
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| 265 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 266 | * |
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| 267 | * @return Response |
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| 268 | */ |
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| 269 | public function delete($path, array $parameters = []) |
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| 273 | |||
| 274 | /** |
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| 275 | * Make PUT requests to the API. |
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| 276 | * |
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| 277 | * @param string $path |
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| 278 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 279 | * |
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| 280 | * @return Response |
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| 281 | */ |
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| 282 | public function put($path, array $parameters = [], array $headers = []) |
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| 286 | |||
| 287 | /** |
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| 288 | * Upload media to upload.twitter.com. |
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| 289 | * |
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| 290 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 291 | * @param bool $chunked |
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| 292 | * |
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| 293 | * @return array|object |
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| 294 | */ |
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| 295 | public function upload(array $parameters = [], $chunked = false) |
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| 303 | |||
| 304 | /** |
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| 305 | * Private method to upload media (not chunked) to upload.twitter.com. |
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| 306 | * |
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| 307 | * @param string $path |
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| 308 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 309 | * |
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| 310 | * @return array|object |
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| 311 | */ |
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| 312 | private function uploadMediaNotChunked($path, $parameters) |
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| 320 | |||
| 321 | /** |
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| 322 | * Private method to upload media (chunked) to upload.twitter.com. |
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| 323 | * |
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| 324 | * @param string $path |
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| 325 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 326 | * |
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| 327 | * @return array|object |
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| 328 | */ |
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| 329 | private function uploadMediaChunked($path, $parameters) |
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| 395 | |||
| 396 | /** |
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| 397 | * @param string $method |
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| 398 | * @param string $host |
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| 399 | * @param string $path |
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| 400 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 401 | * @param array $headers |
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| 402 | * @return Response |
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| 403 | * @throws BadRequest |
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| 404 | * @throws Forbidden |
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| 405 | * @throws NotAuthorized |
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| 406 | * @throws NotFound |
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| 407 | * @throws RateLimit |
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| 408 | * @throws ServerError |
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| 409 | * @throws ServiceUnavailable |
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| 410 | */ |
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| 411 | private function http($method, $host, $path, array $parameters, $headers = []) |
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| 435 | |||
| 436 | /** |
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| 437 | * @param $response |
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| 438 | * @throws BadRequest |
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| 439 | * @throws Forbidden |
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| 440 | * @throws NotAuthorized |
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| 441 | * @throws NotFound |
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| 442 | * @throws RateLimit |
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| 443 | * @throws ServerError |
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| 444 | * @throws ServiceUnavailable |
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| 445 | */ |
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| 446 | public function manageErrors($response){ |
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| 466 | |||
| 467 | /** |
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| 468 | * Format and sign an OAuth / API request. |
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| 469 | * |
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| 470 | * @param string $url |
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| 471 | * @param string $method |
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| 472 | * @param array $parameters |
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| 473 | * |
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| 474 | * @param array $headers |
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| 475 | * @return string |
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| 476 | * @throws TwitterAdsException |
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| 477 | * @throws TwitterOAuthException |
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| 478 | */ |
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| 479 | private function oAuthRequest($url, $method, array $parameters, $headers = []) |
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| 499 | |||
| 500 | /** |
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| 501 | * Make an HTTP request. |
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| 502 | * |
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| 503 | * @param string $url |
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| 504 | * @param string $method |
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| 505 | * @param string $authorization |
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| 506 | * @param array $postfields |
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| 507 | * |
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| 508 | * @param array $headers |
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| 509 | * @return string |
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| 510 | * @throws TwitterAdsException |
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| 511 | */ |
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| 512 | private function request($url, $method, $authorization, $postfields, $headers = []) |
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| 580 | |||
| 581 | /** |
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| 582 | * Get the header info to store. |
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| 583 | * |
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| 584 | * @param string $header |
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| 585 | * |
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| 586 | * @return array |
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| 587 | */ |
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| 588 | private function parseHeaders($header) |
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| 601 | |||
| 602 | /** |
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| 603 | * Encode application authorization header with base64. |
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| 604 | * |
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| 605 | * @param Consumer $consumer |
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| 606 | * |
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| 607 | * @return string |
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| 608 | */ |
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| 609 | private function encodeAppAuthorization($consumer) |
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| 617 | |||
| 618 | View Code Duplication | public function getRequestToken($oauth_callback) |
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| 627 | |||
| 628 | /** |
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| 629 | * Exchange request token and secret for an access token and |
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| 630 | * secret, to sign API calls. |
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| 631 | * |
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| 632 | * @param $oauth_verifier |
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| 633 | * @return array ("oauth_token" => "the-access-token", |
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| 634 | * "oauth_token_secret" => "the-access-secret", |
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| 635 | * "user_id" => "9436992", |
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| 636 | * "screen_name" => "abraham") |
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| 637 | */ |
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| 638 | View Code Duplication | public function getAccessToken($oauth_verifier) |
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| 647 | |||
| 648 | // This function takes a input like a=b&a=c&d=e and returns the parsed |
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| 649 | // parameters like this |
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| 650 | // array('a' => array('b','c'), 'd' => 'e') |
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| 651 | View Code Duplication | public static function parse_parameters($input) |
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| 683 | |||
| 684 | public static function urlencode_rfc3986($input) |
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| 698 | |||
| 699 | // This decode function isn't taking into consideration the above |
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| 700 | // modifications to the encoding process. However, this method doesn't |
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| 701 | // seem to be used anywhere so leaving it as is. |
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| 702 | public static function urldecode_rfc3986($string) |
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| 706 | |||
| 707 | /** |
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| 708 | * Get the authorize URL. |
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| 709 | * |
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| 710 | * @param $token |
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| 711 | * @param bool $sign_in_with_twitter |
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| 712 | * @return string |
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| 713 | */ |
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| 714 | public function getAuthorizeURL($token, $sign_in_with_twitter = true) |
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| 725 | |||
| 726 | /** |
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| 727 | * Return current response. Allows inheritance. |
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| 728 | * |
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| 729 | * @return Response |
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| 730 | */ |
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| 731 | public function getResponse() |
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| 735 | |||
| 736 | /** |
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| 737 | * @return string |
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| 738 | */ |
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| 739 | public function getMethod() |
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| 743 | |||
| 744 | /** |
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| 745 | * @return string |
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| 746 | */ |
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| 747 | public function getResource() |
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| 751 | } |
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| 752 |
PHP Analyzer performs a side-effects analysis of your code. A side-effect is basically anything that might be visible after the scope of the method is left.
Let’s take a look at an example:
If we look at the
getEmail()method, we can see that it has no side-effect. Whether you call this method or not, no future calls to other methods are affected by this. As such code as the following is useless:On the hand, if we look at the
setEmail(), this method _has_ side-effects. In the following case, we could not remove the method call: