JWT::decode()   D
last analyzed

Complexity

Conditions 20
Paths 36

Size

Total Lines 67
Code Lines 33

Duplication

Lines 0
Ratio 0 %

Importance

Changes 0
Metric Value
cc 20
eloc 33
c 0
b 0
f 0
nc 36
nop 2
dl 0
loc 67
rs 4.1666

How to fix   Long Method    Complexity   

Long Method

Small methods make your code easier to understand, in particular if combined with a good name. Besides, if your method is small, finding a good name is usually much easier.

For example, if you find yourself adding comments to a method's body, this is usually a good sign to extract the commented part to a new method, and use the comment as a starting point when coming up with a good name for this new method.

Commonly applied refactorings include:

1
<?php
2
3
namespace Firebase\JWT;
4
5
use ArrayAccess;
6
use DomainException;
7
use Exception;
8
use InvalidArgumentException;
9
use OpenSSLAsymmetricKey;
10
use UnexpectedValueException;
11
use DateTime;
12
13
/**
14
 * JSON Web Token implementation, based on this spec:
15
 * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519
16
 *
17
 * PHP version 5
18
 *
19
 * @category Authentication
20
 * @package  Authentication_JWT
21
 * @author   Neuman Vong <[email protected]>
22
 * @author   Anant Narayanan <[email protected]>
23
 * @license  http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause 3-clause BSD
24
 * @link     https://github.com/firebase/php-jwt
25
 */
26
class JWT
27
{
28
    // const ASN1_INTEGER = 0x02;
29
    // const ASN1_SEQUENCE = 0x10;
30
    // const ASN1_BIT_STRING = 0x03;
31
    private static $asn1Integer = 0x02;
32
    private static $asn1Sequence = 0x10;
33
    private static $asn1BitString = 0x03;
34
35
    /**
36
     * When checking nbf, iat or expiration times,
37
     * we want to provide some extra leeway time to
38
     * account for clock skew.
39
     */
40
    public static $leeway = 0;
41
42
    /**
43
     * Allow the current timestamp to be specified.
44
     * Useful for fixing a value within unit testing.
45
     *
46
     * Will default to PHP time() value if null.
47
     */
48
    public static $timestamp = null;
49
50
    public static $supported_algs = array(
51
        'ES384' => array('openssl', 'SHA384'),
52
        'ES256' => array('openssl', 'SHA256'),
53
        'HS256' => array('hash_hmac', 'SHA256'),
54
        'HS384' => array('hash_hmac', 'SHA384'),
55
        'HS512' => array('hash_hmac', 'SHA512'),
56
        'RS256' => array('openssl', 'SHA256'),
57
        'RS384' => array('openssl', 'SHA384'),
58
        'RS512' => array('openssl', 'SHA512'),
59
        'EdDSA' => array('sodium_crypto', 'EdDSA'),
60
    );
61
62
    /**
63
     * Decodes a JWT string into a PHP object.
64
     *
65
     * @param string                    $jwt            The JWT
66
     * @param Key|array<string, Key>    $keyOrKeyArray  The Key or associative array of key IDs (kid) to Key objects.
67
     *                                                  If the algorithm used is asymmetric, this is the public key
68
     *                                                  Each Key object contains an algorithm and matching key.
69
     *                                                  Supported algorithms are 'ES384','ES256', 'HS256', 'HS384',
70
     *                                                  'HS512', 'RS256', 'RS384', and 'RS512'
71
     *
72
     * @return object The JWT's payload as a PHP object
73
     *
74
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException     Provided key/key-array was empty
75
     * @throws DomainException              Provided JWT is malformed
76
     * @throws UnexpectedValueException     Provided JWT was invalid
77
     * @throws SignatureInvalidException    Provided JWT was invalid because the signature verification failed
78
     * @throws BeforeValidException         Provided JWT is trying to be used before it's eligible as defined by 'nbf'
79
     * @throws BeforeValidException         Provided JWT is trying to be used before it's been created as defined by 'iat'
80
     * @throws ExpiredException             Provided JWT has since expired, as defined by the 'exp' claim
81
     *
82
     * @uses jsonDecode
83
     * @uses urlsafeB64Decode
84
     */
85
    public static function decode($jwt, $keyOrKeyArray)
86
    {
87
        // Validate JWT
88
        $timestamp = \is_null(static::$timestamp) ? \time() : static::$timestamp;
89
90
        if (empty($keyOrKeyArray)) {
91
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Key may not be empty');
92
        }
93
        $tks = \explode('.', $jwt);
94
        if (\count($tks) != 3) {
95
            throw new UnexpectedValueException('Wrong number of segments');
96
        }
97
        list($headb64, $bodyb64, $cryptob64) = $tks;
98
        if (null === ($header = static::jsonDecode(static::urlsafeB64Decode($headb64)))) {
99
            throw new UnexpectedValueException('Invalid header encoding');
100
        }
101
        if (null === $payload = static::jsonDecode(static::urlsafeB64Decode($bodyb64))) {
102
            throw new UnexpectedValueException('Invalid claims encoding');
103
        }
104
        if (false === ($sig = static::urlsafeB64Decode($cryptob64))) {
105
            throw new UnexpectedValueException('Invalid signature encoding');
106
        }
107
        if (empty($header->alg)) {
108
            throw new UnexpectedValueException('Empty algorithm');
109
        }
110
        if (empty(static::$supported_algs[$header->alg])) {
111
            throw new UnexpectedValueException('Algorithm not supported');
112
        }
113
114
        $key = self::getKey($keyOrKeyArray, empty($header->kid) ? null : $header->kid);
115
116
        // Check the algorithm
117
        if (!self::constantTimeEquals($key->getAlgorithm(), $header->alg)) {
118
            // See issue #351
119
            throw new UnexpectedValueException('Incorrect key for this algorithm');
120
        }
121
        if ($header->alg === 'ES256' || $header->alg === 'ES384') {
122
            // OpenSSL expects an ASN.1 DER sequence for ES256/ES384 signatures
123
            $sig = self::signatureToDER($sig);
124
        }
125
        if (!static::verify("$headb64.$bodyb64", $sig, $key->getKeyMaterial(), $header->alg)) {
126
            throw new SignatureInvalidException('Signature verification failed');
127
        }
128
129
        // Check the nbf if it is defined. This is the time that the
130
        // token can actually be used. If it's not yet that time, abort.
131
        if (isset($payload->nbf) && $payload->nbf > ($timestamp + static::$leeway)) {
132
            throw new BeforeValidException(
133
                'Cannot handle token prior to ' . \date(DateTime::ISO8601, $payload->nbf)
134
            );
135
        }
136
137
        // Check that this token has been created before 'now'. This prevents
138
        // using tokens that have been created for later use (and haven't
139
        // correctly used the nbf claim).
140
        if (isset($payload->iat) && $payload->iat > ($timestamp + static::$leeway)) {
141
            throw new BeforeValidException(
142
                'Cannot handle token prior to ' . \date(DateTime::ISO8601, $payload->iat)
143
            );
144
        }
145
146
        // Check if this token has expired.
147
        if (isset($payload->exp) && ($timestamp - static::$leeway) >= $payload->exp) {
148
            throw new ExpiredException('Expired token');
149
        }
150
151
        return $payload;
152
    }
153
154
    /**
155
     * Converts and signs a PHP object or array into a JWT string.
156
     *
157
     * @param object|array      $payload    PHP object or array
158
     * @param string|resource   $key        The secret key.
159
     *                                      If the algorithm used is asymmetric, this is the private key
160
     * @param string            $alg        The signing algorithm.
161
     *                                      Supported algorithms are 'ES384','ES256', 'HS256', 'HS384',
162
     *                                      'HS512', 'RS256', 'RS384', and 'RS512'
163
     * @param mixed             $keyId
164
     * @param array             $head       An array with header elements to attach
165
     *
166
     * @return string A signed JWT
167
     *
168
     * @uses jsonEncode
169
     * @uses urlsafeB64Encode
170
     */
171
    public static function encode($payload, $key, $alg, $keyId = null, $head = null)
172
    {
173
        $header = array('typ' => 'JWT', 'alg' => $alg);
174
        if ($keyId !== null) {
175
            $header['kid'] = $keyId;
176
        }
177
        if (isset($head) && \is_array($head)) {
178
            $header = \array_merge($head, $header);
179
        }
180
        $segments = array();
181
        $segments[] = static::urlsafeB64Encode(static::jsonEncode($header));
182
        $segments[] = static::urlsafeB64Encode(static::jsonEncode($payload));
183
        $signing_input = \implode('.', $segments);
184
185
        $signature = static::sign($signing_input, $key, $alg);
186
        $segments[] = static::urlsafeB64Encode($signature);
187
188
        return \implode('.', $segments);
189
    }
190
191
    /**
192
     * Sign a string with a given key and algorithm.
193
     *
194
     * @param string            $msg    The message to sign
195
     * @param string|resource   $key    The secret key
196
     * @param string            $alg    The signing algorithm.
197
     *                                  Supported algorithms are 'ES384','ES256', 'HS256', 'HS384',
198
     *                                  'HS512', 'RS256', 'RS384', and 'RS512'
199
     *
200
     * @return string An encrypted message
201
     *
202
     * @throws DomainException Unsupported algorithm or bad key was specified
203
     */
204
    public static function sign($msg, $key, $alg)
205
    {
206
        if (empty(static::$supported_algs[$alg])) {
207
            throw new DomainException('Algorithm not supported');
208
        }
209
        list($function, $algorithm) = static::$supported_algs[$alg];
210
        switch ($function) {
211
            case 'hash_hmac':
212
                return \hash_hmac($algorithm, $msg, $key, true);
0 ignored issues
show
Bug introduced by
It seems like $key can also be of type resource; however, parameter $key of hash_hmac() does only seem to accept string, maybe add an additional type check? ( Ignorable by Annotation )

If this is a false-positive, you can also ignore this issue in your code via the ignore-type  annotation

212
                return \hash_hmac($algorithm, $msg, /** @scrutinizer ignore-type */ $key, true);
Loading history...
213
            case 'openssl':
214
                $signature = '';
215
                $success = \openssl_sign($msg, $signature, $key, $algorithm);
216
                if (!$success) {
217
                    throw new DomainException("OpenSSL unable to sign data");
218
                }
219
                if ($alg === 'ES256') {
220
                    $signature = self::signatureFromDER($signature, 256);
221
                } elseif ($alg === 'ES384') {
222
                    $signature = self::signatureFromDER($signature, 384);
223
                }
224
                return $signature;
225
            case 'sodium_crypto':
226
                if (!function_exists('sodium_crypto_sign_detached')) {
227
                    throw new DomainException('libsodium is not available');
228
                }
229
                try {
230
                    // The last non-empty line is used as the key.
231
                    $lines = array_filter(explode("\n", $key));
0 ignored issues
show
Bug introduced by
It seems like $key can also be of type resource; however, parameter $string of explode() does only seem to accept string, maybe add an additional type check? ( Ignorable by Annotation )

If this is a false-positive, you can also ignore this issue in your code via the ignore-type  annotation

231
                    $lines = array_filter(explode("\n", /** @scrutinizer ignore-type */ $key));
Loading history...
232
                    $key = base64_decode(end($lines));
233
                    return sodium_crypto_sign_detached($msg, $key);
234
                } catch (Exception $e) {
235
                    throw new DomainException($e->getMessage(), 0, $e);
236
                }
237
        }
238
    }
239
240
    /**
241
     * Verify a signature with the message, key and method. Not all methods
242
     * are symmetric, so we must have a separate verify and sign method.
243
     *
244
     * @param string            $msg        The original message (header and body)
245
     * @param string            $signature  The original signature
246
     * @param string|resource   $key        For HS*, a string key works. for RS*, must be a resource of an openssl public key
247
     * @param string            $alg        The algorithm
248
     *
249
     * @return bool
250
     *
251
     * @throws DomainException Invalid Algorithm, bad key, or OpenSSL failure
252
     */
253
    private static function verify($msg, $signature, $key, $alg)
254
    {
255
        if (empty(static::$supported_algs[$alg])) {
256
            throw new DomainException('Algorithm not supported');
257
        }
258
259
        list($function, $algorithm) = static::$supported_algs[$alg];
260
        switch ($function) {
261
            case 'openssl':
262
                $success = \openssl_verify($msg, $signature, $key, $algorithm);
263
                if ($success === 1) {
264
                    return true;
265
                } elseif ($success === 0) {
266
                    return false;
267
                }
268
                // returns 1 on success, 0 on failure, -1 on error.
269
                throw new DomainException(
270
                    'OpenSSL error: ' . \openssl_error_string()
271
                );
272
            case 'sodium_crypto':
273
              if (!function_exists('sodium_crypto_sign_verify_detached')) {
274
                  throw new DomainException('libsodium is not available');
275
              }
276
              try {
277
                  // The last non-empty line is used as the key.
278
                  $lines = array_filter(explode("\n", $key));
0 ignored issues
show
Bug introduced by
It seems like $key can also be of type resource; however, parameter $string of explode() does only seem to accept string, maybe add an additional type check? ( Ignorable by Annotation )

If this is a false-positive, you can also ignore this issue in your code via the ignore-type  annotation

278
                  $lines = array_filter(explode("\n", /** @scrutinizer ignore-type */ $key));
Loading history...
279
                  $key = base64_decode(end($lines));
280
                  return sodium_crypto_sign_verify_detached($signature, $msg, $key);
281
              } catch (Exception $e) {
282
                  throw new DomainException($e->getMessage(), 0, $e);
283
              }
284
            case 'hash_hmac':
285
            default:
286
                $hash = \hash_hmac($algorithm, $msg, $key, true);
0 ignored issues
show
Bug introduced by
It seems like $key can also be of type resource; however, parameter $key of hash_hmac() does only seem to accept string, maybe add an additional type check? ( Ignorable by Annotation )

If this is a false-positive, you can also ignore this issue in your code via the ignore-type  annotation

286
                $hash = \hash_hmac($algorithm, $msg, /** @scrutinizer ignore-type */ $key, true);
Loading history...
287
                return self::constantTimeEquals($signature, $hash);
288
        }
289
    }
290
291
    /**
292
     * Decode a JSON string into a PHP object.
293
     *
294
     * @param string $input JSON string
295
     *
296
     * @return object Object representation of JSON string
297
     *
298
     * @throws DomainException Provided string was invalid JSON
299
     */
300
    public static function jsonDecode($input)
301
    {
302
        if (\version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.4.0', '>=') && !(\defined('JSON_C_VERSION') && PHP_INT_SIZE > 4)) {
303
            /** In PHP >=5.4.0, json_decode() accepts an options parameter, that allows you
304
             * to specify that large ints (like Steam Transaction IDs) should be treated as
305
             * strings, rather than the PHP default behaviour of converting them to floats.
306
             */
307
            $obj = \json_decode($input, false, 512, JSON_BIGINT_AS_STRING);
308
        } else {
309
            /** Not all servers will support that, however, so for older versions we must
310
             * manually detect large ints in the JSON string and quote them (thus converting
311
             *them to strings) before decoding, hence the preg_replace() call.
312
             */
313
            $max_int_length = \strlen((string) PHP_INT_MAX) - 1;
314
            $json_without_bigints = \preg_replace('/:\s*(-?\d{'.$max_int_length.',})/', ': "$1"', $input);
315
            $obj = \json_decode($json_without_bigints);
316
        }
317
318
        if ($errno = \json_last_error()) {
319
            static::handleJsonError($errno);
320
        } elseif ($obj === null && $input !== 'null') {
321
            throw new DomainException('Null result with non-null input');
322
        }
323
        return $obj;
324
    }
325
326
    /**
327
     * Encode a PHP object into a JSON string.
328
     *
329
     * @param object|array $input A PHP object or array
330
     *
331
     * @return string JSON representation of the PHP object or array
332
     *
333
     * @throws DomainException Provided object could not be encoded to valid JSON
334
     */
335
    public static function jsonEncode($input)
336
    {
337
        if (PHP_VERSION_ID >= 50400) {
338
            $json = \json_encode($input, \JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
339
        } else {
340
            // PHP 5.3 only
341
            $json = \json_encode($input);
342
        }
343
        if ($errno = \json_last_error()) {
344
            static::handleJsonError($errno);
345
        } elseif ($json === 'null' && $input !== null) {
346
            throw new DomainException('Null result with non-null input');
347
        }
348
        return $json;
349
    }
350
351
    /**
352
     * Decode a string with URL-safe Base64.
353
     *
354
     * @param string $input A Base64 encoded string
355
     *
356
     * @return string A decoded string
357
     */
358
    public static function urlsafeB64Decode($input)
359
    {
360
        $remainder = \strlen($input) % 4;
361
        if ($remainder) {
362
            $padlen = 4 - $remainder;
363
            $input .= \str_repeat('=', $padlen);
364
        }
365
        return \base64_decode(\strtr($input, '-_', '+/'));
366
    }
367
368
    /**
369
     * Encode a string with URL-safe Base64.
370
     *
371
     * @param string $input The string you want encoded
372
     *
373
     * @return string The base64 encode of what you passed in
374
     */
375
    public static function urlsafeB64Encode($input)
376
    {
377
        return \str_replace('=', '', \strtr(\base64_encode($input), '+/', '-_'));
378
    }
379
380
381
    /**
382
     * Determine if an algorithm has been provided for each Key
383
     *
384
     * @param Key|array<string, Key> $keyOrKeyArray
385
     * @param string|null            $kid
386
     *
387
     * @throws UnexpectedValueException
388
     *
389
     * @return array containing the keyMaterial and algorithm
390
     */
391
    private static function getKey($keyOrKeyArray, $kid = null)
392
    {
393
        if ($keyOrKeyArray instanceof Key) {
394
            return $keyOrKeyArray;
0 ignored issues
show
Bug Best Practice introduced by
The expression return $keyOrKeyArray returns the type Firebase\JWT\Key which is incompatible with the documented return type array.
Loading history...
395
        }
396
397
        if (is_array($keyOrKeyArray) || $keyOrKeyArray instanceof ArrayAccess) {
0 ignored issues
show
introduced by
The condition is_array($keyOrKeyArray) is always true.
Loading history...
398
            foreach ($keyOrKeyArray as $keyId => $key) {
399
                if (!$key instanceof Key) {
400
                    throw new UnexpectedValueException(
401
                        '$keyOrKeyArray must be an instance of Firebase\JWT\Key key or an '
402
                        . 'array of Firebase\JWT\Key keys'
403
                    );
404
                }
405
            }
406
            if (!isset($kid)) {
407
                throw new UnexpectedValueException('"kid" empty, unable to lookup correct key');
408
            }
409
            if (!isset($keyOrKeyArray[$kid])) {
410
                throw new UnexpectedValueException('"kid" invalid, unable to lookup correct key');
411
            }
412
413
            return $keyOrKeyArray[$kid];
0 ignored issues
show
Bug Best Practice introduced by
The expression return $keyOrKeyArray[$kid] returns the type Firebase\JWT\Key which is incompatible with the documented return type array.
Loading history...
414
        }
415
416
        throw new UnexpectedValueException(
417
            '$keyOrKeyArray must be an instance of Firebase\JWT\Key key or an '
418
            . 'array of Firebase\JWT\Key keys'
419
        );
420
    }
421
422
    /**
423
     * @param string $left
424
     * @param string $right
425
     * @return bool
426
     */
427
    public static function constantTimeEquals($left, $right)
428
    {
429
        if (\function_exists('hash_equals')) {
430
            return \hash_equals($left, $right);
431
        }
432
        $len = \min(static::safeStrlen($left), static::safeStrlen($right));
433
434
        $status = 0;
435
        for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
436
            $status |= (\ord($left[$i]) ^ \ord($right[$i]));
437
        }
438
        $status |= (static::safeStrlen($left) ^ static::safeStrlen($right));
439
440
        return ($status === 0);
441
    }
442
443
    /**
444
     * Helper method to create a JSON error.
445
     *
446
     * @param int $errno An error number from json_last_error()
447
     *
448
     * @return void
449
     */
450
    private static function handleJsonError($errno)
451
    {
452
        $messages = array(
453
            JSON_ERROR_DEPTH => 'Maximum stack depth exceeded',
454
            JSON_ERROR_STATE_MISMATCH => 'Invalid or malformed JSON',
455
            JSON_ERROR_CTRL_CHAR => 'Unexpected control character found',
456
            JSON_ERROR_SYNTAX => 'Syntax error, malformed JSON',
457
            JSON_ERROR_UTF8 => 'Malformed UTF-8 characters' //PHP >= 5.3.3
458
        );
459
        throw new DomainException(
460
            isset($messages[$errno])
461
            ? $messages[$errno]
462
            : 'Unknown JSON error: ' . $errno
463
        );
464
    }
465
466
    /**
467
     * Get the number of bytes in cryptographic strings.
468
     *
469
     * @param string $str
470
     *
471
     * @return int
472
     */
473
    private static function safeStrlen($str)
474
    {
475
        if (\function_exists('mb_strlen')) {
476
            return \mb_strlen($str, '8bit');
477
        }
478
        return \strlen($str);
479
    }
480
481
    /**
482
     * Convert an ECDSA signature to an ASN.1 DER sequence
483
     *
484
     * @param   string $sig The ECDSA signature to convert
485
     * @return  string The encoded DER object
486
     */
487
    private static function signatureToDER($sig)
488
    {
489
        // Separate the signature into r-value and s-value
490
        list($r, $s) = \str_split($sig, (int) (\strlen($sig) / 2));
491
492
        // Trim leading zeros
493
        $r = \ltrim($r, "\x00");
494
        $s = \ltrim($s, "\x00");
495
496
        // Convert r-value and s-value from unsigned big-endian integers to
497
        // signed two's complement
498
        if (\ord($r[0]) > 0x7f) {
499
            $r = "\x00" . $r;
500
        }
501
        if (\ord($s[0]) > 0x7f) {
502
            $s = "\x00" . $s;
503
        }
504
505
        return self::encodeDER(
506
            self::$asn1Sequence,
507
            self::encodeDER(self::$asn1Integer, $r) .
508
            self::encodeDER(self::$asn1Integer, $s)
509
        );
510
    }
511
512
    /**
513
     * Encodes a value into a DER object.
514
     *
515
     * @param   int     $type DER tag
516
     * @param   string  $value the value to encode
517
     * @return  string  the encoded object
518
     */
519
    private static function encodeDER($type, $value)
520
    {
521
        $tag_header = 0;
522
        if ($type === self::$asn1Sequence) {
523
            $tag_header |= 0x20;
524
        }
525
526
        // Type
527
        $der = \chr($tag_header | $type);
528
529
        // Length
530
        $der .= \chr(\strlen($value));
531
532
        return $der . $value;
533
    }
534
535
    /**
536
     * Encodes signature from a DER object.
537
     *
538
     * @param   string  $der binary signature in DER format
539
     * @param   int     $keySize the number of bits in the key
540
     * @return  string  the signature
541
     */
542
    private static function signatureFromDER($der, $keySize)
543
    {
544
        // OpenSSL returns the ECDSA signatures as a binary ASN.1 DER SEQUENCE
545
        list($offset, $_) = self::readDER($der);
546
        list($offset, $r) = self::readDER($der, $offset);
547
        list($offset, $s) = self::readDER($der, $offset);
548
549
        // Convert r-value and s-value from signed two's compliment to unsigned
550
        // big-endian integers
551
        $r = \ltrim($r, "\x00");
552
        $s = \ltrim($s, "\x00");
553
554
        // Pad out r and s so that they are $keySize bits long
555
        $r = \str_pad($r, $keySize / 8, "\x00", STR_PAD_LEFT);
556
        $s = \str_pad($s, $keySize / 8, "\x00", STR_PAD_LEFT);
557
558
        return $r . $s;
559
    }
560
561
    /**
562
     * Reads binary DER-encoded data and decodes into a single object
563
     *
564
     * @param string $der the binary data in DER format
565
     * @param int $offset the offset of the data stream containing the object
566
     * to decode
567
     * @return array [$offset, $data] the new offset and the decoded object
568
     */
569
    private static function readDER($der, $offset = 0)
570
    {
571
        $pos = $offset;
572
        $size = \strlen($der);
573
        $constructed = (\ord($der[$pos]) >> 5) & 0x01;
574
        $type = \ord($der[$pos++]) & 0x1f;
575
576
        // Length
577
        $len = \ord($der[$pos++]);
578
        if ($len & 0x80) {
579
            $n = $len & 0x1f;
580
            $len = 0;
581
            while ($n-- && $pos < $size) {
582
                $len = ($len << 8) | \ord($der[$pos++]);
583
            }
584
        }
585
586
        // Value
587
        if ($type == self::$asn1BitString) {
588
            $pos++; // Skip the first contents octet (padding indicator)
589
            $data = \substr($der, $pos, $len - 1);
590
            $pos += $len - 1;
591
        } elseif (!$constructed) {
592
            $data = \substr($der, $pos, $len);
593
            $pos += $len;
594
        } else {
595
            $data = null;
596
        }
597
598
        return array($pos, $data);
599
    }
600
}
601