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package org.gannacademy.cdf.turtlelogo; |
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import javax.imageio.ImageIO; |
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import java.awt.*; |
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import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform; |
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import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; |
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import java.io.IOException; |
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/** |
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* <p>A turtles lives in a {@link Terrarium}. We imagine that turtles all hold a pen in their mouth. As they walk around |
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* the terrarium, they leave a trail (a series of {@link Track} segments) behind them. The turtles can avoid leaving |
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* a track if they pick up their pen.</p> |
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* |
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* <p><img src="doc-files/trail.png" alt="Turtle leaving a trail"></p> |
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* |
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* <p>Turtles understand a limited number of instructions:</p> |
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* |
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* <table style="margin-left: 4em;"> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td><img src="doc-files/move.png" alt="move() example"></td> |
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* <td><b>move(</b> |
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* <i>steps</i><b>)</b> (a.k.a <i>forward</i> or <i>fd</i> and <i>back</i> or <i>bk</i>) — the turtle will step |
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* forward, in the direction that it is currently facing, some number of steps (i.e. pixels).</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td><img src="doc-files/turn.png" alt="turn() example"></td> |
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* <td><b>turn(</b><i>degrees</i><b>)</b> |
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* (a.k.a. <i>left</i> or <i>lt</i> and <i>right</i> or <i>rt</i>) — the turtle will turn from its current heading |
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* some number of degrees.</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td><img src="doc-files/moveTo.png" alt="moveTo() example"></td> |
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* <td><b>moveTo(</b><i>x</i>, <i>y</i><b>)</b> (a.k.a. <i>to</i>) — the turtle will move from its current |
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* location to the coordinates given, without changing its heading.</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td><img src="doc-files/teleport.png" alt="teleport() example"></td> |
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* <td><b>teleport(</b><i>x</i>, <i>y</i><b>)</b> (a.k.a. <i>tp</i>) — the turtle will teleport (like in Star |
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* Trek) from its current location to the new coordinates, without changing its heading <i>and</i> without allowing the |
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* pen to drag between locations.</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td><img src="doc-files/penColor.png" alt="penColor() example"></td> |
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* <td><b>penColor(</b><i>color</i><b>)</b> (a.k.a. <i>pc</i>) — the turtle will change the color of its pen |
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* (initially the pen is black)</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td><img src="doc-files/penWidth.png" alt="penWidth() example"></td> |
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* <td><b>penWidth(</b><i>width</i><b>)</b> (a.k.a. <i>pw</i>) — the turtle will change the width of its pen |
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* stroke (measured in pixels)</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td><img src="doc-files/hide.png" alt="hide() example"></td> |
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* <td><b>hide()</b> (a.k.a. <i>ht</i>) — the turtle will hide itself (but remain at its current location and |
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* heading)</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td><img src="doc-files/show.png" alt="show() example"></td> |
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* <td><b>show()</b> (a.k.a. <i>st</i>) — the turtle, if hidden, will show itself again</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <caption> </caption> |
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* </table> |
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*/ |
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public class Turtle { |
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/** |
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* The parts of the turtle that are "under the shell" are not meant to be used by students. This mechanism |
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* (inspired by <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/18634125">this awesome Stack Overflow answer</a>) recreates a |
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* version of the C++ <code>friend</code> concept: a public method that is only available to <i>some</i> other |
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* objects, rather than <i>all</i> other objects. |
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* |
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* @author <a href="https://github.com/gann-cdf/turtlelogo/issues">Seth Battis</a> |
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*/ |
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public static final class UnderTheShell { |
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private UnderTheShell() { |
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} |
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} |
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protected static final UnderTheShell UNDER_THE_SHELL = new UnderTheShell(); |
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/** |
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* 270° |
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*/ |
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public static final double NORTH = 270; |
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/** |
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* 90° |
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*/ |
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public static final double SOUTH = 90; |
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/** |
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* 0° |
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*/ |
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public static final double EAST = 0; |
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/** |
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* 180° |
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*/ |
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public static final double WEST = 180; |
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/** |
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* {@link #EAST} |
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*/ |
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public static final double DEFAULT_HEADING_IN_DEGREES = EAST; // degrees |
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/** |
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* {@link java.awt.Color#BLACK} |
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*/ |
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public static final Color DEFAULT_PEN_COLOR = Color.BLACK; |
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/** |
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* 1.0 pixels |
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*/ |
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public static final float DEFAULT_PEN_WIDTH = 1; |
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/** |
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* <code>true</code> |
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*/ |
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public static final boolean DEFAULT_PEN_DOWN = true; |
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/** |
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* <code>false</code> |
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*/ |
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public static final boolean DEFAULT_HIDDEN = false; |
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private Terrarium terrarium; |
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private static BufferedImage icon; |
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private double x, y; |
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private double headingInDegrees; |
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private Color penColor; |
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private BasicStroke penStroke; |
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private boolean penDown; |
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private boolean hidden; |
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/** |
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* Construct a turtle in the default terrarium |
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*/ |
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public Turtle() { |
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this(Terrarium.getInstance()); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Construct a turtle in a custom terrarium |
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* |
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* @param terrarium to house the turtle |
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*/ |
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public Turtle(Terrarium terrarium) { |
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this.x = terrarium.getWidth() / 2.0; |
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this.y = terrarium.getHeight() / 2.0; |
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this.headingInDegrees = DEFAULT_HEADING_IN_DEGREES; |
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this.penColor = DEFAULT_PEN_COLOR; |
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this.penStroke = new BasicStroke(DEFAULT_PEN_WIDTH); |
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this.penDown = DEFAULT_PEN_DOWN; |
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this.hidden = DEFAULT_HIDDEN; |
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this.terrarium = terrarium; |
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this.terrarium.add(this, UNDER_THE_SHELL); |
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} |
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/** |
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* @return X-coordinate of turtle |
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*/ |
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public double getX() { |
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return x; |
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} |
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/** |
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* @return Y-coordinate of turtle |
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*/ |
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public double getY() { |
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return y; |
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} |
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/** |
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* @return Current turtle heading in degrees |
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*/ |
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public double getHeadingInDegrees() { |
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return headingInDegrees; |
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} |
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/** |
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* @return Current turtle heading in radians |
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*/ |
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public double getHeadingInRadians() { |
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return Math.toRadians(headingInDegrees); |
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} |
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/** |
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* @return Current pen color |
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*/ |
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public Color getPenColor() { |
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return penColor; |
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} |
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/** |
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* @return Current pen width |
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*/ |
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public double getPenWidth() { |
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return penStroke.getLineWidth(); |
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} |
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protected BasicStroke getPenStroke() { |
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return penStroke; |
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} |
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/** |
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* @return <code>true</code> if the pen is down, <code>false</code> otherwise |
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*/ |
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public boolean isPenDown() { |
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return penDown; |
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} |
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/** |
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* @return <code>true</code> if the turtle is hidden, <code>false</code> otherwise |
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*/ |
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public boolean isHidden() { |
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return hidden; |
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} |
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private BufferedImage getIcon() { |
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if (icon == null) { |
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try { |
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icon = ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("/turtle.png")); |
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} catch (IOException e) { |
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System.err.println("The image file containing the turtle icon could not be found and/or opened."); |
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e.printStackTrace(); |
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} |
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} |
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return icon; |
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} |
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/** |
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* @return Terrarium currently housing the turtle |
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*/ |
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public Terrarium getTerrarium() { |
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return terrarium; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Move the turtle to another terrarium |
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* |
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* @param terrarium to house the turtle |
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*/ |
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public void setTerrarium(Terrarium terrarium) { |
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if (this.terrarium != null) { |
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this.terrarium.remove(this, UNDER_THE_SHELL); |
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} |
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this.terrarium = terrarium; |
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terrarium.add(this, UNDER_THE_SHELL); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Alias for {@link #back(double)} |
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* |
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* @param steps in pixels |
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*/ |
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public void bk(double steps) { |
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back(steps); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Alias for {@link #move(double)} |
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* |
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* @param steps in pixels |
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*/ |
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public void back(double steps) { |
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move(-1 * steps); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Alias for {@link #forward(double)} |
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* |
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* @param steps in pixels |
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*/ |
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public void fd(double steps) { |
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forward(steps); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Alias for {@link #move(double)} |
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* |
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* @param steps in pixels |
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*/ |
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public void forward(double steps) { |
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move(steps); |
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} |
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/** |
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* <p>Move the turtle in the direction of its current heading</p> |
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* <p>A positive value for <code>steps</code> is interpreted as forward movement and a negative value as backward |
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* movement</p> |
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* |
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* @param steps in pixels |
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*/ |
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public void move(double steps) { |
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double newX = x + Math.cos(getHeadingInRadians()) * steps, |
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newY = y + Math.sin(getHeadingInRadians()) * steps; |
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if (penDown) { |
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getTerrarium().add(new Track(x, y, newX, newY, penColor, penStroke, UNDER_THE_SHELL), UNDER_THE_SHELL); |
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} |
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x = newX; |
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y = newY; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Alias for {@link #moveTo(double, double)} |
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* |
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* @param x coordinate |
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* @param y coordinate |
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*/ |
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public void to(double x, double y) { |
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moveTo(x, y); |
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} |
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/** |
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* <p>Move the turtle to a particular location</p> |
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* <p>The turtle moves directly to the window coordinates (<code>x</code>, <code>y</code>). Note that the origin of |
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* the wind ow is in the top, left corner and that, while the X-axis increases from left to right, the Y-axis |
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* increases <i>from to to bottom</i>.</p> |
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320
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* <p>If the turtle's pen is currently down, the move will create a track from the old location to the new location.</p> |
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321
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* |
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322
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* @param x coordinate |
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323
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* @param y coordinate |
|
324
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*/ |
|
325
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public void moveTo(double x, double y) { |
|
326
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if (penDown) { |
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327
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getTerrarium().add(new Track(this.x, this.y, x, y, penColor, penStroke, UNDER_THE_SHELL), UNDER_THE_SHELL); |
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328
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} |
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329
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this.x = x; |
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330
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this.y = y; |
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331
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} |
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332
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333
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/** |
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334
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* Alias for {@link #teleport(double, double)} |
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335
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* |
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336
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* @param x coordinate |
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337
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* @param y coordinate |
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338
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*/ |
|
339
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public void tp(double x, double y) { |
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340
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teleport(x, y); |
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341
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} |
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342
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343
|
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|
/** |
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344
|
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* <p>Move the turtle instantaneously to a particular location</p> |
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345
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* <p>The turtle moves directly to the window coordinates (<code>x</code>, <code>y</code>). Note that the origin of |
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346
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* the wind ow is in the top, left corner and that, while the X-axis increases from left to right, the Y-axis |
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347
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* increases <i>from to to bottom</i>.</p> |
|
348
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* <p>No track is left by a teleportation.</p> |
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349
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* |
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350
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* @param x coordinate |
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351
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* @param y coordinate |
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352
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*/ |
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353
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public void teleport(double x, double y) { |
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354
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|
this.x = x; |
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355
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this.y = y; |
|
356
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} |
|
357
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358
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|
/** |
|
359
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* <p>Reset the turtle to its home position</p> |
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360
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* <p>The turtle's home position is at the center of the window, heading {@link #EAST}</p> |
|
361
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|
*/ |
|
362
|
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|
public void home() { |
|
363
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|
teleport(getTerrarium().getWidth() / 2.0, getTerrarium().getHeight() / 2.0); |
|
364
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|
|
head(EAST); |
|
365
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|
} |
|
366
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|
367
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|
/** |
|
368
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|
* Alias for {@link #right(double)} |
|
369
|
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* |
|
370
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* @param angle in degrees |
|
371
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|
*/ |
|
372
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|
public void rt(double angle) { |
|
373
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|
right(angle); |
|
374
|
|
|
} |
|
375
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|
376
|
|
|
/** |
|
377
|
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|
* Alias for {@link #turn(double)} |
|
378
|
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|
* |
|
379
|
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|
* @param angle in degrees |
|
380
|
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|
*/ |
|
381
|
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|
public void right(double angle) { |
|
382
|
|
|
turn(angle); |
|
383
|
|
|
} |
|
384
|
|
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|
|
385
|
|
|
/** |
|
386
|
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|
* Alias for {@link #left(double)} |
|
387
|
|
|
* |
|
388
|
|
|
* @param angle in degrees |
|
389
|
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|
*/ |
|
390
|
|
|
public void lt(double angle) { |
|
391
|
|
|
left(angle); |
|
392
|
|
|
} |
|
393
|
|
|
|
|
394
|
|
|
/** |
|
395
|
|
|
* Alias for {@link #turn(double)} |
|
396
|
|
|
* |
|
397
|
|
|
* @param angle in degrees |
|
398
|
|
|
*/ |
|
399
|
|
|
public void left(double angle) { |
|
400
|
|
|
turn(-1 * angle); |
|
401
|
|
|
} |
|
402
|
|
|
|
|
403
|
|
|
/** |
|
404
|
|
|
* <p>Turn the turtle from its current heading</p> |
|
405
|
|
|
* <p>A positive angle is interpreted as a <i>right</i> turn and a negative angle is a left turn. This is mildly |
|
406
|
|
|
* surprising if you know about the unit circle, but is because the Y-axis of the window increases from top to bottom, |
|
407
|
|
|
* which results in a mirrored unit circle around the X-axis, with 90° at the {@link #SOUTH} and270° at the |
|
408
|
|
|
* {@link #NORTH}</p> |
|
409
|
|
|
* |
|
410
|
|
|
* @param angle in degrees |
|
411
|
|
|
*/ |
|
412
|
|
|
public void turn(double angle) { |
|
413
|
|
|
headingInDegrees = (headingInDegrees + angle) % 360; |
|
414
|
|
|
getTerrarium().repaint(); |
|
415
|
|
|
} |
|
416
|
|
|
|
|
417
|
|
|
/** |
|
418
|
|
|
* Alias for {@link #head(double)} |
|
419
|
|
|
* |
|
420
|
|
|
* @param heading in degrees |
|
421
|
|
|
*/ |
|
422
|
|
|
public void hd(double heading) { |
|
423
|
|
|
head(heading); |
|
424
|
|
|
} |
|
425
|
|
|
|
|
426
|
|
|
/** |
|
427
|
|
|
* <p>Turn the turtle to a particular heading</p> |
|
428
|
|
|
* <p>Note that, because the Y-axis of the window increases from top to bottom, the usual angles of the unit circle |
|
429
|
|
|
* have been mirrored around the X-axis, with 90° at the {@link #SOUTH} and 270%deg; at the {@link #NORTH}. |
|
430
|
|
|
* Convenience constants have been provided for the cardinal directions.</p> |
|
431
|
|
|
* |
|
432
|
|
|
* @param heading [0..360) in degrees |
|
433
|
|
|
*/ |
|
434
|
|
|
public void head(double heading) { |
|
435
|
|
|
this.headingInDegrees = heading % 360; |
|
436
|
|
|
} |
|
437
|
|
|
|
|
438
|
|
|
/** |
|
439
|
|
|
* Alis for {@link #penUp()} |
|
440
|
|
|
*/ |
|
441
|
|
|
public void pu() { |
|
442
|
|
|
penUp(); |
|
443
|
|
|
} |
|
444
|
|
|
|
|
445
|
|
|
/** |
|
446
|
|
|
* Lift the turtle's pen up, causing it not to leave a track |
|
447
|
|
|
*/ |
|
448
|
|
|
public void penUp() { |
|
449
|
|
|
penDown = false; |
|
450
|
|
|
} |
|
451
|
|
|
|
|
452
|
|
|
/** |
|
453
|
|
|
* Alias for {@link #penDown()} |
|
454
|
|
|
*/ |
|
455
|
|
|
public void pd() { |
|
456
|
|
|
penDown(); |
|
457
|
|
|
} |
|
458
|
|
|
|
|
459
|
|
|
/** |
|
460
|
|
|
* Lower the turtle's pen, causing it to leave a trail |
|
461
|
|
|
*/ |
|
462
|
|
|
public void penDown() { |
|
463
|
|
|
penDown = true; |
|
464
|
|
|
} |
|
465
|
|
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
/** |
|
467
|
|
|
* Alias for {@link #penColor(Color)} |
|
468
|
|
|
* |
|
469
|
|
|
* @param color to use |
|
470
|
|
|
*/ |
|
471
|
|
|
public void pc(Color color) { |
|
472
|
|
|
penColor(color); |
|
473
|
|
|
} |
|
474
|
|
|
|
|
475
|
|
|
/** |
|
476
|
|
|
* <p>Set the color of the turtle's pen</p> |
|
477
|
|
|
* <p>Color values are given as {@link Color} values. {@link Color} has a number of helpful constants like |
|
478
|
|
|
* {@link Color#GREEN} or {@link Color#GREEN}. Custom colors can also be constructed. Refer to the |
|
479
|
|
|
* <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/10/docs/api/java/awt/Color.html" target="_blank">j<code>ava.awt.Color</code> |
|
480
|
|
|
* API documentation</a> more details (including how to create transparent colors!)</p> |
|
481
|
|
|
* |
|
482
|
|
|
* @param color to use |
|
483
|
|
|
*/ |
|
484
|
|
|
public void penColor(Color color) { |
|
485
|
|
|
penColor = color; |
|
486
|
|
|
} |
|
487
|
|
|
|
|
488
|
|
|
/** |
|
489
|
|
|
* Alias for {@link #penWidth(double)} |
|
490
|
|
|
* |
|
491
|
|
|
* @param width in pixels |
|
492
|
|
|
*/ |
|
493
|
|
|
public void pw(double width) { |
|
494
|
|
|
penWidth(width); |
|
495
|
|
|
} |
|
496
|
|
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
/** |
|
498
|
|
|
* Set the width of the turtle's pen |
|
499
|
|
|
* |
|
500
|
|
|
* @param width in pixels |
|
501
|
|
|
*/ |
|
502
|
|
|
public void penWidth(double width) { |
|
503
|
|
|
penStroke = new BasicStroke((float) width, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND); |
|
504
|
|
|
} |
|
505
|
|
|
|
|
506
|
|
|
/** |
|
507
|
|
|
* Alias for {@link #hide()} |
|
508
|
|
|
*/ |
|
509
|
|
|
public void ht() { |
|
510
|
|
|
hide(); |
|
511
|
|
|
} |
|
512
|
|
|
|
|
513
|
|
|
/** |
|
514
|
|
|
* <p>Hide the turtle</p> |
|
515
|
|
|
* <p>Hiding the turtle causes it to become invisible — it can still be moved and create tracks, but the turtle |
|
516
|
|
|
* itself is not visible</p> |
|
517
|
|
|
*/ |
|
518
|
|
|
public void hide() { |
|
519
|
|
|
hidden = true; |
|
520
|
|
|
getTerrarium().repaint(); |
|
521
|
|
|
} |
|
522
|
|
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
/** |
|
524
|
|
|
* Alias for {@link #show()} |
|
525
|
|
|
*/ |
|
526
|
|
|
public void st() { |
|
527
|
|
|
show(); |
|
528
|
|
|
} |
|
529
|
|
|
|
|
530
|
|
|
/** |
|
531
|
|
|
* Show the turtle (if it was hidden) |
|
532
|
|
|
*/ |
|
533
|
|
|
public void show() { |
|
534
|
|
|
hidden = false; |
|
535
|
|
|
getTerrarium().repaint(); |
|
536
|
|
|
} |
|
537
|
|
|
|
|
538
|
|
|
/** |
|
539
|
|
|
* <p>Draw the turtle</p> |
|
540
|
|
|
* <p>May only be called by {@link Terrarium} and its subclasses, enforced by {@link Terrarium.UnderTheSurface}</p> |
|
541
|
|
|
* |
|
542
|
|
|
* @param context for drawing commands |
|
543
|
|
|
* @param key to authenticate "Terrarium-iality" |
|
544
|
|
|
*/ |
|
545
|
|
|
public void draw(Graphics2D context, Terrarium.UnderTheSurface key) { |
|
546
|
|
|
key.hashCode(); |
|
547
|
|
|
drawIcon(x, y, getHeadingInRadians(), context); |
|
548
|
|
|
} |
|
549
|
|
|
|
|
550
|
|
|
protected void drawIcon(double x, double y, double headingInRadians, Graphics2D context) { |
|
551
|
|
|
if (!hidden) { |
|
552
|
|
|
AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(); // transformations are applied in reverse order |
|
553
|
|
|
transform.translate(x, y); // move turtle to location |
|
554
|
|
|
transform.rotate(headingInRadians); // orient turtle to heading |
|
555
|
|
|
transform.translate(-1 * getIcon().getWidth(), getIcon().getHeight() / -2.0); // move icon origin to turtle nose |
|
|
|
|
|
|
556
|
|
|
context.drawImage(getIcon(), transform, null); |
|
557
|
|
|
} |
|
558
|
|
|
} |
|
559
|
|
|
} |
|
560
|
|
|
|
If you really need to set this static field, consider writing a thread-safe setter and atomic getter.