torchio.data.image.Image.__init__() - Code Metrics - Inspection of "Deprecate setting the data with the property sette..." - fepegar/torchio - Measure and Improve Code Quality continuously with Scrutinizer

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Push — master ( e921a7...82a6cd )

by Fernando

created 2021-01-02 01:29 UTC

torchio.data.image.Image.init() C

↳ Parent: torchio.data.image

Complexity

Conditions

Size

Total Lines	42
Code Lines	34

Duplication

Lines	0
Ratio	0 %

Importance

Changes

Metric	Value
cc	9
eloc	34
nop	8
dl	0
loc	42
rs	6.6666
c	0
b	0
f	0

How to fix Many Parameters

import warnings
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Dict, Tuple, Optional, Union, Sequence, List

import torch
import humanize
import numpy as np
import nibabel as nib
import SimpleITK as sitk
from PIL import Image as ImagePIL
from deprecated import deprecated

from ..utils import get_stem
from ..typing import TypeData, TypePath, TypeTripletInt, TypeTripletFloat
from ..constants import DATA, TYPE, AFFINE, PATH, STEM, INTENSITY, LABEL
from .io import (
    ensure_4d,
    read_image,
    write_image,
    nib_to_sitk,
    check_uint_to_int,
    get_rotation_and_spacing_from_affine,
)


PROTECTED_KEYS = DATA, AFFINE, TYPE, PATH, STEM
TypeBound = Tuple[float, float]
TypeBounds = Tuple[TypeBound, TypeBound, TypeBound]

deprecation_message = (
    'Setting the image data with the property setter is deprecated. Use the'
    ' set_data() method instead'
)


class Image(dict):
    r"""TorchIO image.

    For information about medical image orientation, check out `NiBabel docs`_,
    the `3D Slicer wiki`_, `Graham Wideman's website`_, `FSL docs`_ or
    `SimpleITK docs`_.

    Args:
        path: Path to a file or sequence of paths to files that can be read by
            :mod:`SimpleITK` or :mod:`nibabel`, or to a directory containing
            DICOM files. If :attr:`tensor` is given, the data in
            :attr:`path` will not be read.
            If a sequence of paths is given, data
            will be concatenated on the channel dimension so spatial
            dimensions must match.
        type: Type of image, such as :attr:`torchio.INTENSITY` or
            :attr:`torchio.LABEL`. This will be used by the transforms to
            decide whether to apply an operation, or which interpolation to use
            when resampling. For example, `preprocessing`_ and `augmentation`_
            intensity transforms will only be applied to images with type
            :attr:`torchio.INTENSITY`. Spatial transforms will be applied to
            all types, and nearest neighbor interpolation is always used to
            resample images with type :attr:`torchio.LABEL`.
            The type :attr:`torchio.SAMPLING_MAP` may be used with instances of
            :class:`~torchio.data.sampler.weighted.WeightedSampler`.
        tensor: If :attr:`path` is not given, :attr:`tensor` must be a 4D
            :class:`torch.Tensor` or NumPy array with dimensions
            :math:`(C, W, H, D)`.
        affine: If :attr:`path` is not given, :attr:`affine` must be a
            :math:`4 \times 4` NumPy array. If ``None``, :attr:`affine` is an
            identity matrix.
        check_nans: If ``True``, issues a warning if NaNs are found
            in the image. If ``False``, images will not be checked for the
            presence of NaNs.
        **kwargs: Items that will be added to the image dictionary, e.g.
            acquisition parameters.

    TorchIO images are `lazy loaders`_, i.e. the data is only loaded from disk
    when needed.

    Example:
        >>> import torchio as tio
        >>> image = tio.ScalarImage('t1.nii.gz')  # subclass of Image
        >>> image  # not loaded yet
        ScalarImage(path: t1.nii.gz; type: intensity)
        >>> times_two = 2 * image.data  # data is loaded and cached here
        >>> image
        ScalarImage(shape: (1, 256, 256, 176); spacing: (1.00, 1.00, 1.00); orientation: PIR+; memory: 44.0 MiB; type: intensity)
        >>> image.save('doubled_image.nii.gz')

    .. _lazy loaders: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_loading
    .. _preprocessing: https://torchio.readthedocs.io/transforms/preprocessing.html#intensity
    .. _augmentation: https://torchio.readthedocs.io/transforms/augmentation.html#intensity
    .. _NiBabel docs: https://nipy.org/nibabel/image_orientation.html
    .. _3D Slicer wiki: https://www.slicer.org/wiki/Coordinate_systems
    .. _FSL docs: https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/Orientation%20Explained
    .. _SimpleITK docs: https://simpleitk.readthedocs.io/en/master/fundamentalConcepts.html
    .. _Graham Wideman's website: http://www.grahamwideman.com/gw/brain/orientation/orientterms.htm
    """
    def __init__(
            self,
            path: Union[TypePath, Sequence[TypePath], None] = None,
            type: str = None,
            tensor: Optional[TypeData] = None,
            affine: Optional[TypeData] = None,
            check_nans: bool = False,  # removed by ITK by default
            channels_last: bool = False,
            **kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
            ):
        self.check_nans = check_nans
        self.channels_last = channels_last

        if type is None:
            warnings.warn(
                'Not specifying the image type is deprecated and will be'
                ' mandatory in the future. You can probably use tio.ScalarImage'
                ' or tio.LabelMap instead', DeprecationWarning,
            )
            type = INTENSITY

        if path is None and tensor is None:
            raise ValueError('A value for path or tensor must be given')
        self._loaded = False

        tensor = self._parse_tensor(tensor)
        affine = self._parse_affine(affine)
        if tensor is not None:
            self.set_data(tensor)
            self.affine = affine
            self._loaded = True
        for key in PROTECTED_KEYS:
            if key in kwargs:
                message = f'Key "{key}" is reserved. Use a different one'
                raise ValueError(message)

        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.path = self._parse_path(path)

        self[PATH] = '' if self.path is None else str(self.path)
        self[STEM] = '' if self.path is None else get_stem(self.path)
        self[TYPE] = type

    def __repr__(self):
        properties = []
        if self._loaded:
            properties.extend([
                f'shape: {self.shape}',
                f'spacing: {self.get_spacing_string()}',
                f'orientation: {"".join(self.orientation)}+',
                f'memory: {humanize.naturalsize(self.memory, binary=True)}',
            ])
        else:
            properties.append(f'path: "{self.path}"')
        if self._loaded:
            properties.append(f'dtype: {self.data.type()}')
        properties = '; '.join(properties)
        string = f'{self.__class__.__name__}({properties})'
        return string

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        if item in (DATA, AFFINE):
            if item not in self:
                self.load()
        return super().__getitem__(item)

    def __array__(self):
        return self.data.numpy()

    def __copy__(self):
        kwargs = dict(
            tensor=self.data,
            affine=self.affine,
            type=self.type,
            path=self.path,
        )
        for key, value in self.items():
            if key in PROTECTED_KEYS: continue
            kwargs[key] = value  # should I copy? deepcopy?
        return self.__class__(**kwargs)

    @property
    def data(self) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Tensor data. Same as :class:`Image.tensor`."""
        return self[DATA]

    @data.setter
    @deprecated(version='0.18.16', reason=deprecation_message)
    def data(self, tensor: TypeData):
        self.set_data(tensor)

    def set_data(self, tensor: TypeData):
        """Store a 4D tensor in the :attr:`data` key and attribute.

        Args:
            tensor: 4D tensor with dimensions :math:`(C, W, H, D)`.
        """
        self[DATA] = self._parse_tensor(tensor, none_ok=False)

    @property
    def tensor(self) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Tensor data. Same as :class:`Image.data`."""
        return self.data

    @property
    def affine(self) -> np.ndarray:
        """Affine matrix to transform voxel indices into world coordinates."""
        return self[AFFINE]

    @affine.setter
    def affine(self, matrix):
        self[AFFINE] = self._parse_affine(matrix)

    @property
    def type(self) -> str:
        return self[TYPE]

    @property
    def shape(self) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
        """Tensor shape as :math:`(C, W, H, D)`."""
        return tuple(self.data.shape)

    @property
    def spatial_shape(self) -> TypeTripletInt:
        """Tensor spatial shape as :math:`(W, H, D)`."""
        return self.shape[1:]

    def check_is_2d(self) -> None:
        if not self.is_2d():
            message = f'Image is not 2D. Spatial shape: {self.spatial_shape}'
            raise RuntimeError(message)

    @property
    def height(self) -> int:
        """Image height, if 2D."""
        self.check_is_2d()
        return self.spatial_shape[1]

    @property
    def width(self) -> int:
        """Image width, if 2D."""
        self.check_is_2d()
        return self.spatial_shape[0]

    @property
    def orientation(self) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
        """Orientation codes."""
        return nib.aff2axcodes(self.affine)

    @property
    def spacing(self) -> Tuple[float, float, float]:
        """Voxel spacing in mm."""
        _, spacing = get_rotation_and_spacing_from_affine(self.affine)
        return tuple(spacing)

    @property
    def memory(self) -> float:
        """Number of Bytes that the tensor takes in the RAM."""
        return np.prod(self.shape) * 4  # float32, i.e. 4 bytes per voxel

    @property
    def bounds(self) -> np.ndarray:
        """Position of centers of voxels in smallest and largest coordinates."""
        ini = 0, 0, 0
        fin = np.array(self.spatial_shape) - 1
        point_ini = nib.affines.apply_affine(self.affine, ini)
        point_fin = nib.affines.apply_affine(self.affine, fin)
        return np.array((point_ini, point_fin))

    def axis_name_to_index(self, axis: str) -> int:
        """Convert an axis name to an axis index.

        Args:
            axis: Possible inputs are ``'Left'``, ``'Right'``, ``'Anterior'``,
                ``'Posterior'``, ``'Inferior'``, ``'Superior'``. Lower-case
                versions and first letters are also valid, as only the first
                letter will be used.

        .. note:: If you are working with animals, you should probably use
            ``'Superior'``, ``'Inferior'``, ``'Anterior'`` and ``'Posterior'``
            for ``'Dorsal'``, ``'Ventral'``, ``'Rostral'`` and ``'Caudal'``,
            respectively.

        .. note:: If your images are 2D, you can use ``'Top'``, ``'Bottom'``,
            ``'Left'`` and ``'Right'``.
        """
        # Top and bottom are used for the vertical 2D axis as the use of
        # Height vs Horizontal might be ambiguous

        if not isinstance(axis, str):
            raise ValueError('Axis must be a string')
        axis = axis[0].upper()

        # Generally, TorchIO tensors are (C, W, H, D)
        if axis in 'TB':  # Top, Bottom
            return -2
        else:
            try:
                index = self.orientation.index(axis)
            except ValueError:
                index = self.orientation.index(self.flip_axis(axis))
            # Return negative indices so that it does not matter whether we
            # refer to spatial dimensions or not
            index = -3 + index
            return index

    # flake8: noqa: E701
    @staticmethod
    def flip_axis(axis: str) -> str:
        if axis == 'R': flipped_axis = 'L'
        elif axis == 'L': flipped_axis = 'R'
        elif axis == 'A': flipped_axis = 'P'
        elif axis == 'P': flipped_axis = 'A'
        elif axis == 'I': flipped_axis = 'S'
        elif axis == 'S': flipped_axis = 'I'
        elif axis == 'T': flipped_axis = 'B'
        elif axis == 'B': flipped_axis = 'T'
        else:
            values = ', '.join('LRPAISTB')
            message = f'Axis not understood. Please use one of: {values}'
            raise ValueError(message)
        return flipped_axis

    def get_spacing_string(self) -> str:
        strings = [f'{n:.2f}' for n in self.spacing]
        string = f'({", ".join(strings)})'
        return string

    def get_bounds(self) -> TypeBounds:
        """Get minimum and maximum world coordinates occupied by the image."""
        first_index = 3 * (-0.5,)
        last_index = np.array(self.spatial_shape) - 0.5
        first_point = nib.affines.apply_affine(self.affine, first_index)
        last_point = nib.affines.apply_affine(self.affine, last_index)
        array = np.array((first_point, last_point))
        bounds_x, bounds_y, bounds_z = array.T.tolist()
        return bounds_x, bounds_y, bounds_z

    @staticmethod
    def _parse_single_path(
            path: TypePath
            ) -> Path:
        try:
            path = Path(path).expanduser()
        except TypeError:
            message = (
                f'Expected type str or Path but found {path} with type'
                f' {type(path)} instead'
            )
            raise TypeError(message)
        except RuntimeError:
            message = (
                f'Conversion to path not possible for variable: {path}'
            )
            raise RuntimeError(message)

        if not (path.is_file() or path.is_dir()):   # might be a dir with DICOM
            raise FileNotFoundError(f'File not found: "{path}"')
        return path

    def _parse_path(
            self,
            path: Union[TypePath, Sequence[TypePath]]
            ) -> Optional[Union[Path, List[Path]]]:
        if path is None:
            return None
        if isinstance(path, (str, Path)):
            return self._parse_single_path(path)
        else:
            return [self._parse_single_path(p) for p in path]

    def _parse_tensor(
            self,
            tensor: TypeData,
            none_ok: bool = True,
            ) -> torch.Tensor:
        if tensor is None:
            if none_ok:
                return None
            else:
                raise RuntimeError('Input tensor cannot be None')
        if isinstance(tensor, np.ndarray):
            tensor = check_uint_to_int(tensor)
            tensor = torch.from_numpy(tensor)
        elif not isinstance(tensor, torch.Tensor):
            message = 'Input tensor must be a PyTorch tensor or NumPy array'
            raise TypeError(message)
        if tensor.ndim != 4:
            raise ValueError('Input tensor must be 4D')
        if tensor.dtype == torch.bool:
            tensor = tensor.to(torch.uint8)
        if self.check_nans and torch.isnan(tensor).any():
            warnings.warn(f'NaNs found in tensor', RuntimeWarning)
        return tensor

    def parse_tensor_shape(self, tensor: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return ensure_4d(tensor)

    @staticmethod
    def _parse_affine(affine: TypeData) -> np.ndarray:
        if affine is None:
            return np.eye(4)
        if isinstance(affine, torch.Tensor):
            affine = affine.numpy()
        if not isinstance(affine, np.ndarray):
            raise TypeError(f'Affine must be a NumPy array, not {type(affine)}')
        if affine.shape != (4, 4):
            raise ValueError(f'Affine shape must be (4, 4), not {affine.shape}')
        return affine

    def load(self) -> None:
        r"""Load the image from disk.

        Returns:
            Tuple containing a 4D tensor of size :math:`(C, W, H, D)` and a 2D
            :math:`4 \times 4` affine matrix to convert voxel indices to world
            coordinates.
        """
        if self._loaded:
            return
        paths = self.path if isinstance(self.path, list) else [self.path]
        tensor, affine = self.read_and_check(paths[0])
        tensors = [tensor]
        for path in paths[1:]:
            new_tensor, new_affine = self.read_and_check(path)
            if not np.array_equal(affine, new_affine):
                message = (
                    'Files have different affine matrices.'
                    f'\nMatrix of {paths[0]}:'
                    f'\n{affine}'
                    f'\nMatrix of {path}:'
                    f'\n{new_affine}'
                )
                warnings.warn(message, RuntimeWarning)
            if not tensor.shape[1:] == new_tensor.shape[1:]:
                message = (
                    f'Files shape do not match, found {tensor.shape}'
                    f'and {new_tensor.shape}'
                )
                RuntimeError(message)
            tensors.append(new_tensor)
        tensor = torch.cat(tensors)
        self.set_data(tensor)
        self.affine = affine
        self._loaded = True

    def read_and_check(self, path: TypePath) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, np.ndarray]:
        tensor, affine = read_image(path)
        tensor = self.parse_tensor_shape(tensor)
        if self.channels_last:
            tensor = tensor.permute(3, 0, 1, 2)
        if self.check_nans and torch.isnan(tensor).any():
            warnings.warn(f'NaNs found in file "{path}"', RuntimeWarning)
        return tensor, affine

    def save(self, path: TypePath, squeeze: bool = True) -> None:
        """Save image to disk.

        Args:
            path: String or instance of :class:`pathlib.Path`.
            squeeze: If ``True``, singleton dimensions will be removed
                before saving.
        """
        write_image(
            self.data,
            self.affine,
            path,
            squeeze=squeeze,
        )

    def is_2d(self) -> bool:
        return self.shape[-1] == 1

    def numpy(self) -> np.ndarray:
        """Get a NumPy array containing the image data."""
        return np.asarray(self)

    def as_sitk(self, **kwargs) -> sitk.Image:
        """Get the image as an instance of :class:`sitk.Image`."""
        return nib_to_sitk(self.data, self.affine, **kwargs)

    def as_pil(self) -> ImagePIL:
        """Get the image as an instance of :class:`PIL.Image`.

        .. note:: Values will be clamped to 0-255 and cast to uint8.
        """
        self.check_is_2d()
        tensor = self.data
        if len(tensor) == 1:
            tensor = torch.cat(3 * [tensor])
        if len(tensor) != 3:
            raise RuntimeError('The image must have 1 or 3 channels')
        tensor = tensor.permute(3, 1, 2, 0)[0]
        array = tensor.clamp(0, 255).numpy()
        return ImagePIL.fromarray(array.astype(np.uint8))

    def get_center(self, lps: bool = False) -> TypeTripletFloat:
        """Get image center in RAS+ or LPS+ coordinates.

        Args:
            lps: If ``True``, the coordinates will be in LPS+ orientation, i.e.
                the first dimension grows towards the left, etc. Otherwise, the
                coordinates will be in RAS+ orientation.
        """
        size = np.array(self.spatial_shape)
        center_index = (size - 1) / 2
        r, a, s = nib.affines.apply_affine(self.affine, center_index)
        if lps:
            return (-r, -a, s)
        else:
            return (r, a, s)

    def set_check_nans(self, check_nans: bool) -> None:
        self.check_nans = check_nans

    def plot(self, **kwargs) -> None:
        """Plot image."""
        if self.is_2d():
            self.as_pil().show()
        else:
            from ..visualization import plot_volume  # avoid circular import
            plot_volume(self, **kwargs)


class ScalarImage(Image):
    """Image whose pixel values represent scalars.

    Example:
        >>> import torch
        >>> import torchio as tio
        >>> # Loading from a file
        >>> t1_image = tio.ScalarImage('t1.nii.gz')
        >>> dmri = tio.ScalarImage(tensor=torch.rand(32, 128, 128, 88))
        >>> image = tio.ScalarImage('safe_image.nrrd', check_nans=False)
        >>> data, affine = image.data, image.affine
        >>> affine.shape
        (4, 4)
        >>> image.data is image[tio.DATA]
        True
        >>> image.data is image.tensor
        True
        >>> type(image.data)
        torch.Tensor

    See :class:`~torchio.Image` for more information.
    """
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if 'type' in kwargs and kwargs['type'] != INTENSITY:
            raise ValueError('Type of ScalarImage is always torchio.INTENSITY')
        kwargs.update({'type': INTENSITY})
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)


class LabelMap(Image):
    """Image whose pixel values represent categorical labels.

    Intensity transforms are not applied to these images.

    Example:
        >>> import torch
        >>> import torchio as tio
        >>> labels = tio.LabelMap(tensor=torch.rand(1, 128, 128, 68) > 0.5)
        >>> labels = tio.LabelMap('t1_seg.nii.gz')  # loading from a file
        >>> tpm = tio.LabelMap(                     # loading from files
        ...     'gray_matter.nii.gz',
        ...     'white_matter.nii.gz',
        ...     'csf.nii.gz',
        ... )

    See :class:`~torchio.Image` for more information.
    """
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if 'type' in kwargs and kwargs['type'] != LABEL:
            raise ValueError('Type of LabelMap is always torchio.LABEL')
        kwargs.update({'type': LABEL})
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)


1			import warnings
2			from pathlib import Path
3			from typing import Any, Dict, Tuple, Optional, Union, Sequence, List
4
5			import torch
6			import humanize
7			import numpy as np
8			import nibabel as nib
9			import SimpleITK as sitk
10			from PIL import Image as ImagePIL
11			from deprecated import deprecated
12
13			from ..utils import get_stem
14			from ..typing import TypeData, TypePath, TypeTripletInt, TypeTripletFloat
15			from ..constants import DATA, TYPE, AFFINE, PATH, STEM, INTENSITY, LABEL
16			from .io import (
17			ensure_4d,
18			read_image,
19			write_image,
20			nib_to_sitk,
21			check_uint_to_int,
22			get_rotation_and_spacing_from_affine,
23			)
24
25
26			PROTECTED_KEYS = DATA, AFFINE, TYPE, PATH, STEM
27			TypeBound = Tuple[float, float]
28			TypeBounds = Tuple[TypeBound, TypeBound, TypeBound]
29
30			deprecation_message = (
31			'Setting the image data with the property setter is deprecated. Use the'
32			' set_data() method instead'
33			)
34
35
36			class Image(dict):
37			r"""TorchIO image.
38
39			For information about medical image orientation, check out `NiBabel docs`_,
40			the `3D Slicer wiki`_, `Graham Wideman's website`_, `FSL docs`_ or
41			`SimpleITK docs`_.
42
43			Args:
44			path: Path to a file or sequence of paths to files that can be read by
45			:mod:`SimpleITK` or :mod:`nibabel`, or to a directory containing
46			DICOM files. If :attr:`tensor` is given, the data in
47			:attr:`path` will not be read.
48			If a sequence of paths is given, data
49			will be concatenated on the channel dimension so spatial
50			dimensions must match.
51			type: Type of image, such as :attr:`torchio.INTENSITY` or
52			:attr:`torchio.LABEL`. This will be used by the transforms to
53			decide whether to apply an operation, or which interpolation to use
54			when resampling. For example, `preprocessing`_ and `augmentation`_
55			intensity transforms will only be applied to images with type
56			:attr:`torchio.INTENSITY`. Spatial transforms will be applied to
57			all types, and nearest neighbor interpolation is always used to
58			resample images with type :attr:`torchio.LABEL`.
59			The type :attr:`torchio.SAMPLING_MAP` may be used with instances of
60			:class:`~torchio.data.sampler.weighted.WeightedSampler`.
61			tensor: If :attr:`path` is not given, :attr:`tensor` must be a 4D
62			:class:`torch.Tensor` or NumPy array with dimensions
63			:math:`(C, W, H, D)`.
64			affine: If :attr:`path` is not given, :attr:`affine` must be a
65			:math:`4 \times 4` NumPy array. If ``None``, :attr:`affine` is an
66			identity matrix.
67			check_nans: If ``True``, issues a warning if NaNs are found
68			in the image. If ``False``, images will not be checked for the
69			presence of NaNs.
70			**kwargs: Items that will be added to the image dictionary, e.g.
71			acquisition parameters.
72
73			TorchIO images are `lazy loaders`_, i.e. the data is only loaded from disk
74			when needed.
75
76			Example:
77			>>> import torchio as tio
78			>>> image = tio.ScalarImage('t1.nii.gz') # subclass of Image
79			>>> image # not loaded yet
80			ScalarImage(path: t1.nii.gz; type: intensity)
81			>>> times_two = 2 * image.data # data is loaded and cached here
82			>>> image
83			ScalarImage(shape: (1, 256, 256, 176); spacing: (1.00, 1.00, 1.00); orientation: PIR+; memory: 44.0 MiB; type: intensity)
84			>>> image.save('doubled_image.nii.gz')
85
86			.. _lazy loaders: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_loading
87			.. _preprocessing: https://torchio.readthedocs.io/transforms/preprocessing.html#intensity
88			.. _augmentation: https://torchio.readthedocs.io/transforms/augmentation.html#intensity
89			.. _NiBabel docs: https://nipy.org/nibabel/image_orientation.html
90			.. _3D Slicer wiki: https://www.slicer.org/wiki/Coordinate_systems
91			.. _FSL docs: https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/Orientation%20Explained
92			.. _SimpleITK docs: https://simpleitk.readthedocs.io/en/master/fundamentalConcepts.html
93			.. _Graham Wideman's website: http://www.grahamwideman.com/gw/brain/orientation/orientterms.htm
94			"""
95			def __init__(
96			self,
97			path: Union[TypePath, Sequence[TypePath], None] = None,
98			type: str = None,
99			tensor: Optional[TypeData] = None,
100			affine: Optional[TypeData] = None,
101			check_nans: bool = False, # removed by ITK by default
102			channels_last: bool = False,
103			**kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
104			):
105			self.check_nans = check_nans
106			self.channels_last = channels_last
107
108			if type is None:
109			warnings.warn(
110			'Not specifying the image type is deprecated and will be'
111			' mandatory in the future. You can probably use tio.ScalarImage'
112			' or tio.LabelMap instead', DeprecationWarning,
113			)
114			type = INTENSITY
115
116			if path is None and tensor is None:
117			raise ValueError('A value for path or tensor must be given')
118			self._loaded = False
119
120			tensor = self._parse_tensor(tensor)
121			affine = self._parse_affine(affine)
122			if tensor is not None:
123			self.set_data(tensor)
124			self.affine = affine
125			self._loaded = True
126			for key in PROTECTED_KEYS:
127			if key in kwargs:
128			message = f'Key "{key}" is reserved. Use a different one'
129			raise ValueError(message)
130
131			super().__init__(**kwargs)
132			self.path = self._parse_path(path)
133
134			self[PATH] = '' if self.path is None else str(self.path)
135			self[STEM] = '' if self.path is None else get_stem(self.path)
136			self[TYPE] = type
137
138			def __repr__(self):
139			properties = []
140			if self._loaded:
141			properties.extend([
142			f'shape: {self.shape}',
143			f'spacing: {self.get_spacing_string()}',
144			f'orientation: {"".join(self.orientation)}+',
145			f'memory: {humanize.naturalsize(self.memory, binary=True)}',
146			])
147			else:
148			properties.append(f'path: "{self.path}"')
149			if self._loaded:
150			properties.append(f'dtype: {self.data.type()}')
151			properties = '; '.join(properties)
152			string = f'{self.__class__.__name__}({properties})'
153			return string
154
155			def __getitem__(self, item):
156			if item in (DATA, AFFINE):
157			if item not in self:
158			self.load()
159			return super().__getitem__(item)
160
161			def __array__(self):
162			return self.data.numpy()
163
164			def __copy__(self):
165			kwargs = dict(
166			tensor=self.data,
167			affine=self.affine,
168			type=self.type,
169			path=self.path,
170			)
171			for key, value in self.items():
172			if key in PROTECTED_KEYS: continue
173			kwargs[key] = value # should I copy? deepcopy?
174			return self.__class__(**kwargs)
175
176			@property
177			def data(self) -> torch.Tensor:
178			"""Tensor data. Same as :class:`Image.tensor`."""
179			return self[DATA]
180
181			@data.setter
182			@deprecated(version='0.18.16', reason=deprecation_message)
183			def data(self, tensor: TypeData):
184			self.set_data(tensor)
185
186			def set_data(self, tensor: TypeData):
187			"""Store a 4D tensor in the :attr:`data` key and attribute.
188
189			Args:
190			tensor: 4D tensor with dimensions :math:`(C, W, H, D)`.
191			"""
192			self[DATA] = self._parse_tensor(tensor, none_ok=False)
193
194			@property
195			def tensor(self) -> torch.Tensor:
196			"""Tensor data. Same as :class:`Image.data`."""
197			return self.data
198
199			@property
200			def affine(self) -> np.ndarray:
201			"""Affine matrix to transform voxel indices into world coordinates."""
202			return self[AFFINE]
203
204			@affine.setter
205			def affine(self, matrix):
206			self[AFFINE] = self._parse_affine(matrix)
207
208			@property
209			def type(self) -> str:
210			return self[TYPE]
211
212			@property
213			def shape(self) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
214			"""Tensor shape as :math:`(C, W, H, D)`."""
215			return tuple(self.data.shape)
216
217			@property
218			def spatial_shape(self) -> TypeTripletInt:
219			"""Tensor spatial shape as :math:`(W, H, D)`."""
220			return self.shape[1:]
221
222			def check_is_2d(self) -> None:
223			if not self.is_2d():
224			message = f'Image is not 2D. Spatial shape: {self.spatial_shape}'
225			raise RuntimeError(message)
226
227			@property
228			def height(self) -> int:
229			"""Image height, if 2D."""
230			self.check_is_2d()
231			return self.spatial_shape[1]
232
233			@property
234			def width(self) -> int:
235			"""Image width, if 2D."""
236			self.check_is_2d()
237			return self.spatial_shape[0]
238
239			@property
240			def orientation(self) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
241			"""Orientation codes."""
242			return nib.aff2axcodes(self.affine)
243
244			@property
245			def spacing(self) -> Tuple[float, float, float]:
246			"""Voxel spacing in mm."""
247			_, spacing = get_rotation_and_spacing_from_affine(self.affine)
248			return tuple(spacing)
249
250			@property
251			def memory(self) -> float:
252			"""Number of Bytes that the tensor takes in the RAM."""
253			return np.prod(self.shape) * 4 # float32, i.e. 4 bytes per voxel
254
255			@property
256			def bounds(self) -> np.ndarray:
257			"""Position of centers of voxels in smallest and largest coordinates."""
258			ini = 0, 0, 0
259			fin = np.array(self.spatial_shape) - 1
260			point_ini = nib.affines.apply_affine(self.affine, ini)
261			point_fin = nib.affines.apply_affine(self.affine, fin)
262			return np.array((point_ini, point_fin))
263
264			def axis_name_to_index(self, axis: str) -> int:
265			"""Convert an axis name to an axis index.
266
267			Args:
268			axis: Possible inputs are ``'Left'``, ``'Right'``, ``'Anterior'``,
269			``'Posterior'``, ``'Inferior'``, ``'Superior'``. Lower-case
270			versions and first letters are also valid, as only the first
271			letter will be used.
272
273			.. note:: If you are working with animals, you should probably use
274			``'Superior'``, ``'Inferior'``, ``'Anterior'`` and ``'Posterior'``
275			for ``'Dorsal'``, ``'Ventral'``, ``'Rostral'`` and ``'Caudal'``,
276			respectively.
277
278			.. note:: If your images are 2D, you can use ``'Top'``, ``'Bottom'``,
279			``'Left'`` and ``'Right'``.
280			"""
281			# Top and bottom are used for the vertical 2D axis as the use of
282			# Height vs Horizontal might be ambiguous
283
284			if not isinstance(axis, str):
285			raise ValueError('Axis must be a string')
286			axis = axis[0].upper()
287
288			# Generally, TorchIO tensors are (C, W, H, D)
289			if axis in 'TB': # Top, Bottom
290			return -2
291			else:
292			try:
293			index = self.orientation.index(axis)
294			except ValueError:
295			index = self.orientation.index(self.flip_axis(axis))
296			# Return negative indices so that it does not matter whether we
297			# refer to spatial dimensions or not
298			index = -3 + index
299			return index
300
301			# flake8: noqa: E701
302			@staticmethod
303			def flip_axis(axis: str) -> str:
304			if axis == 'R': flipped_axis = 'L'
305			elif axis == 'L': flipped_axis = 'R'
306			elif axis == 'A': flipped_axis = 'P'
307			elif axis == 'P': flipped_axis = 'A'
308			elif axis == 'I': flipped_axis = 'S'
309			elif axis == 'S': flipped_axis = 'I'
310			elif axis == 'T': flipped_axis = 'B'
311			elif axis == 'B': flipped_axis = 'T'
312			else:
313			values = ', '.join('LRPAISTB')
314			message = f'Axis not understood. Please use one of: {values}'
315			raise ValueError(message)
316			return flipped_axis
317
318			def get_spacing_string(self) -> str:
319			strings = [f'{n:.2f}' for n in self.spacing]
320			string = f'({", ".join(strings)})'
321			return string
322
323			def get_bounds(self) -> TypeBounds:
324			"""Get minimum and maximum world coordinates occupied by the image."""
325			first_index = 3 * (-0.5,)
326			last_index = np.array(self.spatial_shape) - 0.5
327			first_point = nib.affines.apply_affine(self.affine, first_index)
328			last_point = nib.affines.apply_affine(self.affine, last_index)
329			array = np.array((first_point, last_point))
330			bounds_x, bounds_y, bounds_z = array.T.tolist()
331			return bounds_x, bounds_y, bounds_z
332
333			@staticmethod
334			def _parse_single_path(
335			path: TypePath
336			) -> Path:
337			try:
338			path = Path(path).expanduser()
339			except TypeError:
340			message = (
341			f'Expected type str or Path but found {path} with type'
342			f' {type(path)} instead'
343			)
344			raise TypeError(message)
345			except RuntimeError:
346			message = (
347			f'Conversion to path not possible for variable: {path}'
348			)
349			raise RuntimeError(message)
350
351			if not (path.is_file() or path.is_dir()): # might be a dir with DICOM
352			raise FileNotFoundError(f'File not found: "{path}"')
353			return path
354
355			def _parse_path(
356			self,
357			path: Union[TypePath, Sequence[TypePath]]
358			) -> Optional[Union[Path, List[Path]]]:
359			if path is None:
360			return None
361			if isinstance(path, (str, Path)):
362			return self._parse_single_path(path)
363			else:
364			return [self._parse_single_path(p) for p in path]
365
366			def _parse_tensor(
367			self,
368			tensor: TypeData,
369			none_ok: bool = True,
370			) -> torch.Tensor:
371			if tensor is None:
372			if none_ok:
373			return None
374			else:
375			raise RuntimeError('Input tensor cannot be None')
376			if isinstance(tensor, np.ndarray):
377			tensor = check_uint_to_int(tensor)
378			tensor = torch.from_numpy(tensor)
379			elif not isinstance(tensor, torch.Tensor):
380			message = 'Input tensor must be a PyTorch tensor or NumPy array'
381			raise TypeError(message)
382			if tensor.ndim != 4:
383			raise ValueError('Input tensor must be 4D')
384			if tensor.dtype == torch.bool:
385			tensor = tensor.to(torch.uint8)
386			if self.check_nans and torch.isnan(tensor).any():
387			warnings.warn(f'NaNs found in tensor', RuntimeWarning)
388			return tensor
389
390			def parse_tensor_shape(self, tensor: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
391			return ensure_4d(tensor)
392
393			@staticmethod
394			def _parse_affine(affine: TypeData) -> np.ndarray:
395			if affine is None:
396			return np.eye(4)
397			if isinstance(affine, torch.Tensor):
398			affine = affine.numpy()
399			if not isinstance(affine, np.ndarray):
400			raise TypeError(f'Affine must be a NumPy array, not {type(affine)}')
401			if affine.shape != (4, 4):
402			raise ValueError(f'Affine shape must be (4, 4), not {affine.shape}')
403			return affine
404
405			def load(self) -> None:
406			r"""Load the image from disk.
407
408			Returns:
409			Tuple containing a 4D tensor of size :math:`(C, W, H, D)` and a 2D
410			:math:`4 \times 4` affine matrix to convert voxel indices to world
411			coordinates.
412			"""
413			if self._loaded:
414			return
415			paths = self.path if isinstance(self.path, list) else [self.path]
416			tensor, affine = self.read_and_check(paths[0])
417			tensors = [tensor]
418			for path in paths[1:]:
419			new_tensor, new_affine = self.read_and_check(path)
420			if not np.array_equal(affine, new_affine):
421			message = (
422			'Files have different affine matrices.'
423			f'\nMatrix of {paths[0]}:'
424			f'\n{affine}'
425			f'\nMatrix of {path}:'
426			f'\n{new_affine}'
427			)
428			warnings.warn(message, RuntimeWarning)
429			if not tensor.shape[1:] == new_tensor.shape[1:]:
430			message = (
431			f'Files shape do not match, found {tensor.shape}'
432			f'and {new_tensor.shape}'
433			)
434			RuntimeError(message)
435			tensors.append(new_tensor)
436			tensor = torch.cat(tensors)
437			self.set_data(tensor)
438			self.affine = affine
439			self._loaded = True
440
441			def read_and_check(self, path: TypePath) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, np.ndarray]:
442			tensor, affine = read_image(path)
443			tensor = self.parse_tensor_shape(tensor)
444			if self.channels_last:
445			tensor = tensor.permute(3, 0, 1, 2)
446			if self.check_nans and torch.isnan(tensor).any():
447			warnings.warn(f'NaNs found in file "{path}"', RuntimeWarning)
448			return tensor, affine
449
450			def save(self, path: TypePath, squeeze: bool = True) -> None:
451			"""Save image to disk.
452
453			Args:
454			path: String or instance of :class:`pathlib.Path`.
455			squeeze: If ``True``, singleton dimensions will be removed
456			before saving.
457			"""
458			write_image(
459			self.data,
460			self.affine,
461			path,
462			squeeze=squeeze,
463			)
464
465			def is_2d(self) -> bool:
466			return self.shape[-1] == 1
467
468			def numpy(self) -> np.ndarray:
469			"""Get a NumPy array containing the image data."""
470			return np.asarray(self)
471
472			def as_sitk(self, **kwargs) -> sitk.Image:
473			"""Get the image as an instance of :class:`sitk.Image`."""
474			return nib_to_sitk(self.data, self.affine, **kwargs)
475
476			def as_pil(self) -> ImagePIL:
477			"""Get the image as an instance of :class:`PIL.Image`.
478
479			.. note:: Values will be clamped to 0-255 and cast to uint8.
480			"""
481			self.check_is_2d()
482			tensor = self.data
483			if len(tensor) == 1:
484			tensor = torch.cat(3 * [tensor])
485			if len(tensor) != 3:
486			raise RuntimeError('The image must have 1 or 3 channels')
487			tensor = tensor.permute(3, 1, 2, 0)[0]
488			array = tensor.clamp(0, 255).numpy()
489			return ImagePIL.fromarray(array.astype(np.uint8))
490
491			def get_center(self, lps: bool = False) -> TypeTripletFloat:
492			"""Get image center in RAS+ or LPS+ coordinates.
493
494			Args:
495			lps: If ``True``, the coordinates will be in LPS+ orientation, i.e.
496			the first dimension grows towards the left, etc. Otherwise, the
497			coordinates will be in RAS+ orientation.
498			"""
499			size = np.array(self.spatial_shape)
500			center_index = (size - 1) / 2
501			r, a, s = nib.affines.apply_affine(self.affine, center_index)
502			if lps:
503			return (-r, -a, s)
504			else:
505			return (r, a, s)
506
507			def set_check_nans(self, check_nans: bool) -> None:
508			self.check_nans = check_nans
509
510			def plot(self, **kwargs) -> None:
511			"""Plot image."""
512			if self.is_2d():
513			self.as_pil().show()
514			else:
515			from ..visualization import plot_volume # avoid circular import
516			plot_volume(self, **kwargs)
517
518
519			class ScalarImage(Image):
520			"""Image whose pixel values represent scalars.
521
522			Example:
523			>>> import torch
524			>>> import torchio as tio
525			>>> # Loading from a file
526			>>> t1_image = tio.ScalarImage('t1.nii.gz')
527			>>> dmri = tio.ScalarImage(tensor=torch.rand(32, 128, 128, 88))
528			>>> image = tio.ScalarImage('safe_image.nrrd', check_nans=False)
529			>>> data, affine = image.data, image.affine
530			>>> affine.shape
531			(4, 4)
532			>>> image.data is image[tio.DATA]
533			True
534			>>> image.data is image.tensor
535			True
536			>>> type(image.data)
537			torch.Tensor
538
539			See :class:`~torchio.Image` for more information.
540			"""
541			def __init__(self, args, *kwargs):
542			if 'type' in kwargs and kwargs['type'] != INTENSITY:
543			raise ValueError('Type of ScalarImage is always torchio.INTENSITY')
544			kwargs.update({'type': INTENSITY})
545			super().__init__(args, *kwargs)
546
547
548			class LabelMap(Image):
549			"""Image whose pixel values represent categorical labels.
550
551			Intensity transforms are not applied to these images.
552
553			Example:
554			>>> import torch
555			>>> import torchio as tio
556			>>> labels = tio.LabelMap(tensor=torch.rand(1, 128, 128, 68) > 0.5)
557			>>> labels = tio.LabelMap('t1_seg.nii.gz') # loading from a file
558			>>> tpm = tio.LabelMap( # loading from files
559			... 'gray_matter.nii.gz',
560			... 'white_matter.nii.gz',
561			... 'csf.nii.gz',
562			... )
563
564			See :class:`~torchio.Image` for more information.
565			"""
566			def __init__(self, args, *kwargs):
567			if 'type' in kwargs and kwargs['type'] != LABEL:
568			raise ValueError('Type of LabelMap is always torchio.LABEL')
569			kwargs.update({'type': LABEL})
570			super().__init__(args, *kwargs)
571

fepegar / torchio

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torchio.data.image.Image.__init__() C

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