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                <?php  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                namespace Fenos\Notifynder\Notifications;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use ArrayAccess;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use JsonSerializable;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Jsonable;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use stdClass;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * Class Jsonable.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                class ExtraParams implements ArrayAccess, Arrayable, Jsonable, JsonSerializable  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @var array|stdClass|string  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    protected $extraParams;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Jsonable constructor.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param $extraParams  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function __construct($extraParams)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        if ($this->isJson($extraParams)) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $this->extraParams = json_decode($extraParams, true);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        } else { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $this->extraParams = (array) $extraParams;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Convert the model instance to JSON.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param  int  $options  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return string  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function toJson($options = 0)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return json_encode($this->jsonSerialize(), $options);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Convert the object into something JSON serializable.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return array  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function jsonSerialize()  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $this->toArray();  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return array  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function toArray()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        // Already possible json  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        if ($this->isJson($this->extraParams)) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            return json_decode($this->extraParams, true);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $this->extraParams;  | 
            
                            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * The __toString method allows a class to decide how it will react when it is converted to a string.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return string  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function __toString()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $extraParams = $this->extraParams;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        if (is_array($extraParams) || $extraParams instanceof stdClass) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            return $this->toJson();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $extraParams;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Check if the extra param  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * exists.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param $name  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return bool  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function has($name)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $arr = $this->extraParams;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return isset($arr[$name]);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * is utilized for reading data from inaccessible members.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param $name string  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return mixed  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function __get($name)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $params = $this->toArray();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        if (array_key_exists($name, $params)) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            return $params[$name];  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Whether a offset exists.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param mixed $offset  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return bool  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function offsetExists($offset)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $this->has($offset);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param mixed $offset  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return mixed Can return all value types.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function offsetGet($offset)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $this->extraParams[$offset];  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param mixed $offset  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param mixed $value  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function offsetSet($offset, $value)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->extraParams[$offset] = $value;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param mixed $offset  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function offsetUnset($offset)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        unset($this->extraParams[$offset]);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Check if the value  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * is a json string.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param $value  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return bool  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
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                    public function isJson($value)  | 
            
                            
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                        json_decode($value);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return json_last_error() == JSON_ERROR_NONE;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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If you return a value from a function or method, it should be a sub-type of the type that is given by the parent type f.e. an interface, or abstract method. This is more formally defined by the Lizkov substitution principle, and guarantees that classes that depend on the parent type can use any instance of a child type interchangably. This principle also belongs to the SOLID principles for object oriented design.
Let’s take a look at an example:
Our function
my_functionexpects aPostobject, and outputs the author of the post. The base classPostreturns a simple string and outputting a simple string will work just fine. However, the child classBlogPostwhich is a sub-type ofPostinstead decided to return anobject, and is therefore violating the SOLID principles. If aBlogPostwere passed tomy_function, PHP would not complain, but ultimately fail when executing thestrtouppercall in its body.