eventespresso / event-espresso-core

core/db_classes/EE_Base_Class.class.php

Indentation +3359 added lines, -3359 removed lines

@@ -15,3374 +15,3374 @@
  */
 abstract class EE_Base_Class
 {
-    /**
-     * @var EEM_Base|null
-     */
-    protected $_model = null;
-
-    /**
-     * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
-     * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
-     * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
-     * which values to override and which to not override.
-     */
-    protected ?array $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = null;
-
-    /**
-     * Timezone
-     * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
-     * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
-     * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
-     * access to it.
-     */
-    protected string $_timezone = '';
-
-    /**
-     * date format
-     * pattern or format for displaying dates
-     */
-    protected string $_dt_frmt = '';
-
-    /**
-     * time format
-     * pattern or format for displaying time
-     */
-    protected string $_tm_frmt = '';
-
-    /**
-     * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
-     * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
-     * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
-     * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
-     */
-    protected array $_cached_properties = [];
-
-    /**
-     * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
-     * single
-     * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
-     * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
-     * all others have an array)
-     */
-    protected array $_model_relations = [];
-
-    /**
-     * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
-     * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
-     */
-    protected array $_fields = [];
-
-    /**
-     * indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
-     * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
-     * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
-     * it would be a bug.
-     */
-    protected bool $_allow_persist = true;
-
-    /**
-     * indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
-     */
-    protected bool $_has_changes = false;
-
-    /**
-     * This is a cache of results from custom selections done on a query that constructs this entity. The only purpose
-     * for these values is for retrieval of the results, they are not further queryable and they are not persisted to
-     * the db.  They also do not automatically update if there are any changes to the data that produced their results.
-     * The format is a simple array of field_alias => field_value.  So for instance if a custom select was something
-     * like,  "Select COUNT(Registration.REG_ID) as Registration_Count ...", then the resulting value will be in this
-     * array as:
-     * array(
-     *  'Registration_Count' => 24
-     * );
-     * Note: if the custom select configuration for the query included a data type, the value will be in the data type
-     * provided for the query (@see EventEspresso\core\domain\values\model\CustomSelects::__construct phpdocs for more
-     * info)
-     */
-    protected array $custom_selection_results = [];
-
-
-    /**
-     * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
-     * play nice
-     *
-     * @param array   $fieldValues                             where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
-     *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
-     *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
-     * @param boolean $bydb                                    a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
-     *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
-     * @param string  $timezone                                indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
-     *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
-     * @param array   $date_formats                            An array of date formats to set on construct where first
-     *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
-     *                                                         format.
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function __construct($fieldValues = [], $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = [])
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
-        $model        = $this->get_model();
-        $model_fields = $model->field_settings();
-        // ensure $fieldValues is an array
-        $fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : [$fieldValues];
-        // verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
-        foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
-            if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $field_name,
-                        get_class($this),
-                        implode(', ', array_keys($model_fields))
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
-        $date_format     = null;
-        $time_format     = null;
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-            [$date_format, $time_format] = $date_formats;
-        }
-        $this->set_date_format($date_format);
-        $this->set_time_format($time_format);
-        // if db model is instantiating
-        foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
-            if ($bydb) {
-                // client code has indicated these field values are from the database
-                $this->set_from_db(
-                    $fieldName,
-                    $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] ?? null
-                );
-            } else {
-                // we're constructing a brand new instance of the model object.
-                // Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
-                $this->set(
-                    $fieldName,
-                    $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] ?? null,
-                    true
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        // remember what values were passed to this constructor
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
-        // remember in entity mapper
-        if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
-            $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-        }
-        // setup all the relations
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
-            } else {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = [];
-            }
-        }
-        /**
-         * Action done at the end of each model object construction
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function allow_persist()
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
-     * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
-     * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
-     *
-     * @param boolean $allow_persist
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
-     * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return mixed|null
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_original($field_name)
-    {
-        if (
-            isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
-            && $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
-        ) {
-            return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_class($obj)
-    {
-        return get_class($obj);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param mixed  $field_value
-     * @param bool   $use_default
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function set(string $field_name, $field_value, bool $use_default = false)
-    {
-        // if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
-        // then don't do anything
-        if (
-            ! $use_default
-            && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
-            && $this->ID()
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $model              = $this->get_model();
-        $this->_has_changes = true;
-        $field_obj          = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if (! $field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-            $field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-            $field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-        }
-
-        // should the value be null?
-        $value = $field_value === null && ($use_default || ! $field_obj->is_nullable())
-            ? $field_obj->get_default_value()
-            : $field_value;
-
-        $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($value);
-
-        // if we're not in the constructor...
-        // now check if what we set was a primary key
-        if (
-            // note: props_n_values_provided_in_constructor is only set at the END of the constructor
-            $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-            && $field_value
-            && $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
-        ) {
-            // if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
-            // what we've explicitly set on this model
-            // or what we have in the db
-            // echo "setting primary key!";
-            $fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
-            $obj_in_db       = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
-            foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
-                if (
-                    ! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
-                    && $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
-                ) {
-                    $this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
-                }
-            }
-            // oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
-            $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-        }
-        // let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_from_db(string $field_name, $field_value_from_db)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            // you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
-            // eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
-            // entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
-            // are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
-            if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
-                if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
-                    // if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
-                    $field_value = null;
-                } else {
-                    $field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-                }
-            } else {
-                $field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
-            }
-            $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
-            $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set custom select values for model.
-     *
-     * @param array $custom_select_values
-     */
-    public function setCustomSelectsValues(array $custom_select_values)
-    {
-        $this->custom_selection_results = $custom_select_values;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the custom select value for the provided alias if its set.
-     * If not set, returns null.
-     *
-     * @param string $alias
-     * @return string|int|float|null
-     */
-    public function getCustomSelect($alias)
-    {
-        return $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ] ?? null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
-     * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
-     * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
-     * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
-     */
-    public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $this->set($field_name, $field_value);
-            return true;
-        }
-        // ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
-        $this->save();
-        return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
-     * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
-     * Example Usage:
-     * Via EE_Message child class:
-     * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
-     * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
-     * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
-     * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
-     * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
-     * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $column_value = $this->get($field_name);
-        } else {
-            // This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
-            $column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
-        }
-        return $column_value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
-     * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
-     * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
-     * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
-    {
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        // make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-        // make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
-        $model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
-                    EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string timezone string
-     */
-    public function get_timezone()
-    {
-        return $this->_timezone;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
-     * internally instead of wp set date format options
-     *
-     * @param string|null $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     * @since 4.6
-     */
-    public function set_date_format(?string $format)
-    {
-        $this->_dt_frmt = new DateFormat($format);
-        // clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
-     * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
-     *
-     * @param string|null $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     * @since 4.6
-     */
-    public function set_time_format(?string $format)
-    {
-        $this->_tm_frmt = new TimeFormat($format);
-        // clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
-     *
-     * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
-     *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
-     * @return string|array
-     */
-    public function get_format($full = true)
-    {
-        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : [$this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * cache
-     * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
-     * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
-     *
-     * @param string        $relation_name   one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
-     *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
-     *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
-     * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
-     *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
-     * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
-     *                                       related thing, no array)
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function cache($relation_name = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
-    {
-        // its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
-        if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
-        if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relation_name)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $relation_name,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // how many things are related ?
-        if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            // if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
-            // eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
-            // so for these model objects just set it to be cached
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = $object_to_cache;
-            $return                                   = true;
-        } else {
-            // otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
-            // so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
-            // eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
-            // so we cache the registrations in an array
-            if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
-                // if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
-                // then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] =
-                    $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                        ? [$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]]
-                        : [];
-            }
-            // first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
-            if (! empty($cache_id)) {
-                // if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
-                // with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return                                                = $cache_id;
-            } elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
-                // OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return                                                             = $object_to_cache->ID();
-            } else {
-                // OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][] = $object_to_cache;
-                // move the internal pointer to the end of the array
-                end($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]);
-                // and grab the key so that we can return it
-                $return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]);
-            }
-        }
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
-     * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
-     * @param string|null $cache_type
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
-    {
-        // first make sure this property exists
-        $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
-
-        $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
-     * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
-     * @param bool   $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
-     *                                 to define how to output the property.
-     *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
-     * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        // verify the field exists
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
-        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
-            return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
-        }
-        $value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        $this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldname
-     * @param bool   $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        // If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            $this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        }
-        if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
-            $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
-        }
-        return $pretty
-            ? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
-            : $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
-     *
-     * @param EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
-     * @param bool              $pretty
-     * @param null              $date_or_time
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     */
-    protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
-        EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
-        $pretty = false,
-        $date_or_time = null
-    ) {
-        $datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
-        $datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
-        // set the output returned
-        switch ($date_or_time) {
-            case 'D':
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
-                break;
-            case 'T':
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
-                break;
-            default:
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_properties()
-    {
-        $this->_cached_properties = [];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
-     *
-     * @param string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
-            unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
-     * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
-    {
-        $other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
-            self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
-            $this->_timezone
-        );
-        return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
-     * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
-     * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
-     * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name                        one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
-     *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
-     * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
-     *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
-     *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
-     * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
-     *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
-     *                                                     relation from all
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function clear_cache($relation_name, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
-    {
-        $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relation_name);
-        $index_in_cache        = '';
-        if (! $relationship_to_model) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $relation_name,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if ($clear_all) {
-            $obj_removed                              = true;
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
-        } elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            $obj_removed                              = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
-        } else {
-            if (
-                $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                && $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-            ) {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
-                if (
-                    is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])
-                    && ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ])
-                ) {
-                    $index_found_at = null;
-                    // find this object in the array even though it has a different key
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] as $index => $obj) {
-                        /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
-                        if (
-                            $obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                            && (
-                                $obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
-                                || $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-                            )
-                        ) {
-                            $index_found_at = $index;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if ($index_found_at) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
-                    } else {
-                        // it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
-                        // if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
-                        return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-                    }
-                }
-            } elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                // so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
-                    /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
-                    if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-            }
-            // supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
-            // provided a bad index/object
-            if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
-                $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ];
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ]);
-            } else {
-                // that thing was never cached anyways.
-                $obj_removed = null;
-            }
-        }
-        return $obj_removed;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * update_cache_after_object_save
-     * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
-     * obtained after being saved to the db
-     *
-     * @param string        $relation_name      - the type of object that is cached
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
-     * @param string        $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
-     * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update_cache_after_object_save(
-        $relation_name,
-        EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
-        $current_cache_id = ''
-    ) {
-        // verify that incoming object is of the correct type
-        $obj_class = 'EE_' . $relation_name;
-        if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
-            /* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
-            // now get the type of relation
-            $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relation_name);
-            // if this is a 1:1 relationship
-            if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                // then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-                // or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
-            }
-            if (
-                is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])
-                && isset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $current_cache_id ])
-            ) {
-                // then remove the current cached item
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $current_cache_id ]);
-                // and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     */
-    public function get_one_from_cache($relation_name)
-    {
-        $cached_array_or_object = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] ?? null;
-        if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
-            return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
-        }
-        return $cached_array_or_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_all_from_cache($relation_name)
-    {
-        $objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] ?? [];
-        // if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
-        $objects = is_array($objects)
-            ? $objects
-            : [$objects];
-        // bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
-        // basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
-        // already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
-        // otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
-        // EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relation_name )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relation_name);
-        foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
-            if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                // ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
-                if ($model_object->ID()) {
-                    $model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
-                }
-            } else {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $relation_name,
-                        gettype($model_object)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = [], $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model         = $this->get_model();
-        $field         = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field)
-            ? $this->get($field)
-            : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return [];
-        }
-        return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous_x(
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = [],
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        $model         = $this->get_model();
-        $field         = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return [];
-        }
-        return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = [], $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model         = $this->get_model();
-        $field         = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return [];
-        }
-        return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = [], $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model         = $this->get_model();
-        $field         = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return [];
-        }
-        return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name A valid fieldname
-     * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
-     */
-    public function get_raw($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
-            : $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
-     * EE_Datetime_Field.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
-     * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
-     * @throws EE_Error an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
-     *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
-     *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
-     *                                         this field is nullable).
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
-            : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
-     * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        echo wp_kses($this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref), AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
-     * can be easily used as the value of form input.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function f($field_name)
-    {
-        $this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_f($field_name)
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get_pretty($field_name, 'form_input');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
-     * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
-     * to see what options are available.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
-     * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
-     * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
-     *
-     * @access   protected
-     * @param string      $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
-     * @param string|null $date_format  valid datetime format used for date
-     *                                  (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
-     *                                  if NULL we use the last-used format)
-     * @param string|null $time_format  Same as above except this is for time format
-     * @param string|null $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
-     * @param bool|null   $echo         Whether the datetime is pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
-     * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
-     *                                  if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _get_datetime(
-        string $field_name,
-        ?string $date_format = '',
-        ?string $time_format = '',
-        ?string $date_or_time = '',
-        ?bool $echo = false
-    ) {
-        // clear cached property
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        // reset format properties because they are used in get()
-        $this->_dt_frmt = $date_format ?: $this->_dt_frmt;
-        $this->_tm_frmt = $time_format ?: $this->_tm_frmt;
-        if ($echo) {
-            $this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
-            return '';
-        }
-        return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @return string            datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param        $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param        $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
-     * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name  name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param string $date_format format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @param string $time_format format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_datetime($field_name, $date_format = '', $time_format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $date_format, $time_format);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $date_format
-     * @param string $time_format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_datetime($field_name, $date_format = '', $time_format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $date_format, $time_format, null, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for
-     *                           the date being retrieved.
-     *
-     * @param string $format     PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
-     *                           on the object will be used.
-     * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     *                           field name.
-     * @see date_i18n function.
-     */
-    public function get_i18n_datetime(string $field_name, string $format = ''): string
-    {
-        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
-        return date_i18n(
-            $format,
-            EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
-                $this->get_raw($field_name),
-                $this->_timezone
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
-     * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
-     * thrown.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name The field name being checked
-     * @return EE_Datetime_Field
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
-    {
-        $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        // check if field is dtt
-        if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            return $field;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                $field_name,
-                self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
-     * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
-     * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
-     * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
-     * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
-     */
-    /**
-     * sets the time on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets the date on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
-     * verifies that the given field_name matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string          $what           "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
-     * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $field_name     the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
-     *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_time(string $what, $datetime_value, string $field_name)
-    {
-        $field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($field_name);
-        $field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-        $field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-        switch ($what) {
-            case 'T':
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
-                );
-                $this->_has_changes           = true;
-                break;
-            case 'D':
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
-                );
-                $this->_has_changes           = true;
-                break;
-            case 'B':
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
-                $this->_has_changes           = true;
-                break;
-        }
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
-     * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
-     * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
-     * that could lead to some unexpected results!
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $field_name               This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
-     *                                         value being returned.
-     * @param string $callback                 must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
-     * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
-     * @param string $prepend                  You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
-     * @param string $append                   You can include something to append on the timestamp
-     * @return string timestamp
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function display_in_my_timezone(
-        $field_name,
-        $callback = 'get_datetime',
-        $args = null,
-        $prepend = '',
-        $append = ''
-    ) {
-        $timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
-        if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
-            return '';
-        }
-        $original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
-        $this->set_timezone($timezone);
-        $fn   = (array) $field_name;
-        $args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
-        if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $callback
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $args   = (array) $args;
-        $return = $prepend . call_user_func_array([$this, $callback], $args) . $append;
-        $this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object.
-     * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
-     * override
-     * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
-     *
-     * @return boolean | int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note:
-         * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
-         * For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
-        $result = $this->_delete();
-        /**
-         * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note:
-         * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
-         * For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
-     * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
-     * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
-     * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
-     *
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _delete()
-    {
-        return $this->delete_permanently();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object permanently from db
-     * (but keep in mind related models may block the delete and return an error)
-     *
-     * @return bool | int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_permanently()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
-        $model  = $this->get_model();
-        $result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
-        $this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
-        /**
-         * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
-     * related model objects
-     *
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
-                $related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
-                if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    // this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
-                    // but let's make it consistent
-                    $related_objects = [$related_objects];
-                }
-                foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
-                    // only refresh their cache if they're in memory
-                    if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                        $related_object->clear_cache(
-                            $model->get_this_model_name(),
-                            $this
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
-     * object just before saving.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param array $set_cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values,
-     *                                 if provided during the save() method (often client code will change the fields'
-     *                                 values before calling save)
-     * @return bool|int|string         1 on a successful update
-     *                                 the ID of the new entry on insert
-     *                                 0 on failure or if the model object isn't allowed to persist
-     *                                 (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function save($set_cols_n_values = [])
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        /**
-         * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
-         *
-         * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
-         */
-        $set_cols_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values',
-            $set_cols_n_values,
-            $this
-        );
-        // set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
-        foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
-            $this->set($column, $value);
-        }
-        // no changes ? then don't do anything
-        if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        /**
-         * Saving a model object.
-         * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
-        if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        // now get current attribute values
-        $save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
-        // if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
-        // also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object.
-        // They have been
-        $old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
-            ->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
-        $model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
-        // does this model have an autoincrement PK?
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-                // ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
-                if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    if ($results) {
-                        // if successful, set the primary key
-                        // but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
-                        // an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
-                        // will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
-                        // will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
-                        // but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
-                        $pk_field_name                   = $model->primary_key_name();
-                        $this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
-                        $this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
-                        $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-                        $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {// PK is NOT auto-increment
-                // so check if one like it already exists in the db
-                if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
-                    if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
-                        throw new EE_Error(
-                            sprintf(
-                                esc_html__(
-                                    'Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
-                                    'event_espresso'
-                                ),
-                                get_class($this),
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
-                                '<br />'
-                            )
-                        );
-                    }
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {// there is NO primary key
-            $already_in_db = false;
-            foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
-                $uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
-                if ($model->exists([$uniqueness_where_params])) {
-                    $already_in_db = true;
-                }
-            }
-            if ($already_in_db) {
-                $combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key(
-                    $save_cols_n_values,
-                    $model->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
-                );
-                $results                     = $model->update(
-                    $save_cols_n_values,
-                    $combined_pk_fields_n_values
-                );
-            } else {
-                $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-            }
-        }
-        // restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
-        $model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
-            $old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation
-        );
-        /**
-         * After saving the model object this action is called
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
-         * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
-         *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
-        $this->_has_changes = false;
-        return $results;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
-     * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
-     * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
-     * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
-     * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
-     * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
-     * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
-                    $fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
-                        $model->get_this_model_name()
-                    );
-                    $related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
-                    if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
-                        $related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
-     * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
-     * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
-     * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
-     * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
-     * and this object and properly setup
-     *
-     * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
-    {
-        // make sure this has been saved
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            $id = $this->save();
-        } else {
-            $id = $this->ID();
-        }
-        // now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
-        foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relationObj) {
-            if ($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]) {
-                // is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
-                // or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
-                /* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
-                if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                    // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                    $related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
-                    // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                    $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relation_name);
-                    $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                    // }
-                } else {
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] as $related_model_obj) {
-                        // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                        // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                        // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                        $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relation_name);
-                        $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                        // }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $id;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * for getting a model while instantiated.
-     *
-     * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_model()
-    {
-        if (! $this->_model) {
-            $modelName    = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
-            $this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
-        } else {
-            $this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        }
-        return $this->_model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $props_n_values
-     * @param $classname
-     * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
-    {
-        // TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
-        $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-        if (
-            array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-            && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
-        ) {
-            $id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
-            return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
-     * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
-     * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
-     * we return false.
-     *
-     * @param array  $props_n_values    incoming array of properties and their values
-     * @param string $classname         the classname of the child class
-     * @param null   $timezone
-     * @param array  $date_formats      incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = '', $date_formats = [])
-    {
-        $existing = null;
-        $model    = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-            if (
-                array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-                && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
-            ) {
-                $existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
-                    $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
-                );
-            }
-        } elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
-            // no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
-            $existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
-                self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)
-                    ->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
-            );
-        }
-        if ($existing) {
-            // set date formats if present before setting values
-            if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-                $existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
-                $existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
-            } else {
-                // set default formats for date and time
-                $existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
-                $existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
-            }
-            foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
-                $existing->set($property, $field_value);
-            }
-            return $existing;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
-     *
-     * @access public now, as this is more convenient
-     * @param      $classname
-     * @param null $timezone
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = '')
-    {
-        // find model for this class
-        if (! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
-        return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
-     *
-     * @param string $model_classname
-     * @param null   $timezone
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = '')
-    {
-        $model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
-        $model           = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
-        $model->set_timezone($timezone);
-        return $model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
-     * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
-     *
-     * @param string|null $model_name
-     * @return string like EEM_Attendee
-     */
-    private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = '')
-    {
-        return strpos((string) $model_name, 'EE_') === 0
-            ? str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name)
-            : 'EEM_' . $model_name;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns the name of the primary key attribute
-     *
-     * @param null $classname
-     * @return string
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
-    {
-        if (! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the value of the primary key.
-     * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
-     * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
-     * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
-     *
-     * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ID()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        // now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
-        }
-        return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherModelObjectOrID
-     * @param string                   $relation_name
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   5.0.0.p
-     */
-    public function hasRelation($otherModelObjectOrID, string $relation_name): bool
-    {
-        $other_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
-            self::_get_model_classname($relation_name),
-            $this->_timezone
-        );
-        $primary_key = $other_model->primary_key_name();
-        /** @var EE_Base_Class $otherModelObject */
-        $otherModelObject = $other_model->ensure_is_obj($otherModelObjectOrID, $relation_name);
-        return $this->count_related($relation_name, [[$primary_key => $otherModelObject->ID()]]) > 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relation_name should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
-     * @param string $relation_name                    eg 'Events','Question',etc.
-     *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
-     *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
-     *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
-     * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
-     *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
-     *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
-     *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
-     *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
-     *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
-     *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
-     * @param null   $cache_id
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _add_relation_to(
-        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-        $relation_name,
-        $extra_join_model_fields_n_values = [],
-        $cache_id = null
-    ) {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        // if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $otherObject = $model->add_relationship_to(
-                $this,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                $relation_name,
-                $extra_join_model_fields_n_values
-            );
-            // clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
-            $this->clear_cache($relation_name, $otherObject, true);
-            if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        } else {
-            // this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
-            if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                        get_class($this)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
-            $this->cache($relation_name, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            // fix the reciprocal relation too
-            if ($otherObject->ID()) {
-                // its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
-                // clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
-                $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                    $model->get_this_model_name(),
-                    null,
-                    true
-                );
-            } else {
-                // it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
-                $otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relation_name should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
-     * from the cache
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-     *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
-     *                to the DB yet
-     * @param string $relation_name
-     * @param array  $where_query
-     *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
-     *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
-     *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
-     *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then no row is
-     *                deleted.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relation_name, $where_query = [])
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObject = $this->get_model()->remove_relationship_to(
-                $this,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                $relation_name,
-                $where_query
-            );
-            $this->clear_cache(
-                $relation_name,
-                $otherObject
-            );
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObject = $this->clear_cache(
-                $relation_name,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-            );
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                $this
-            );
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes ALL the related things for the $relation_name.
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name
-     * @param array  $where_query_params @see
-     *                                   https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relations($relation_name, $where_query_params = [])
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations(
-                $this,
-                $relation_name,
-                $where_query_params
-            );
-            $this->clear_cache(
-                $relation_name,
-                null,
-                true
-            );
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObjects = $this->clear_cache(
-                $relation_name,
-                null,
-                true
-            );
-        }
-        if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
-            foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                    $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    $this
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObjects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
-     * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
-     * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
-     * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
-     *
-     * @param string      $relation_name key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array|null  $query_params  @see
-     *                              https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]     Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary
-     *                              keys or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these
-     *                              results if you want IDs
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_many_related($relation_name, $query_params = [])
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
-            // if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
-            if ($query_params) {
-                $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relation_name,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            } else {
-                // did we already cache the result of this query?
-                $cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name);
-                if (! $cached_results) {
-                    $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
-                        $this,
-                        $relation_name,
-                        $query_params
-                    );
-                    // if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
-                    // for that relation. We can cache them then.
-                    foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
-                        $this->cache($relation_name, $related_model_object);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_objects = $cached_results;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
-            $related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name);
-        }
-        return $related_model_objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
-     * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name  model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params   @see
-     *                               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
-     * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
-     *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = [], $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->count_related(
-            $this,
-            $relation_name,
-            $query_params,
-            $field_to_count,
-            $distinct
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
-     * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params  @see
-     *                              https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_sum  name of field to count by.
-     *                              By default, uses primary key
-     *                              (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably change it)
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = [], $field_to_sum = null)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->sum_related(
-            $this,
-            $relation_name,
-            $query_params,
-            $field_to_sum
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array  $query_params  @see
-     *                              https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|null (not an array, a single object)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_first_related(string $relation_name, array $query_params = []): ?EE_Base_Class
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        if ($this->ID()) {// this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
-            // if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
-            // also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
-            // on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
-            if (
-                $query_params
-                || ! $model->related_settings_for($relation_name) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation
-            ) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relation_name,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            } else {
-                // first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
-                $cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name);
-                if (! $cached_result) {
-                    $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                        $this,
-                        $relation_name,
-                        $query_params
-                    );
-                    $this->cache($relation_name, $related_model_object);
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_object = $cached_result;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $related_model_object = null;
-            // this doesn't exist in the Db,
-            // but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
-            if ($model->related_settings_for($relation_name) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relation_name,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            }
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
-            // just get what's cached on this object
-            if (! $related_model_object) {
-                $related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name);
-            }
-        }
-        return $related_model_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relation_name and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
-     * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
-     * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name
-     * @param array  $query_params @see
-     *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int how many deleted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related($relation_name, $query_params = [])
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $count = $this->get_model()->delete_related(
-                $this,
-                $relation_name,
-                $query_params
-            );
-        } else {
-            $count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name));
-            $this->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
-        }
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relation_name and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
-     * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
-     * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name
-     * @param array  $query_params @see
-     *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related_permanently($relation_name, $query_params = [])
-    {
-        $count = $this->ID()
-            ? $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently(
-                $this,
-                $relation_name,
-                $query_params
-            )
-            : count($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name));
-
-        $this->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * is_set
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
-     *
-     * @access  public
-     * @param string $field_name property to check
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
-     */
-    public function is_set($field_name)
-    {
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
-     * EE_Error exception if they don't
-     *
-     * @param mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _property_exists($properties)
-    {
-        foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
-            // first make sure this property exists
-            if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $property_name
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function model_field_array()
-    {
-        $fields     = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        $properties = [];
-        // remove prepended underscore
-        foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
-            $properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
-        }
-        return $properties;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
-     * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
-     * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments.
-     * Instead of requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class
-     * (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that happen?)
-     * they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}'
-     * (eg, filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function)
-     * and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function was called,
-     * and an array of the original arguments passed to the function.
-     * Whatever their callback function returns will be returned by this function.
-     * Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
-     *      add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3);
-     *      function my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
-     *          $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
-     *          return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
-     *      }
-     * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
-     * echo EE_Answer::new_instance(['REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'])
-     *      ->my_callback('monkeys',100);
-     * // will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
-     *
-     * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
-     * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
-     * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __call($methodName, $args)
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        $tagName   = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $methodName,
-                    $className,
-                    $tagName
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
-     * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed  $meta_value
-     * @param mixed  $previous_value
-     * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
-     *                  NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function update_extra_meta(string $meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = [
-            [
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ],
-        ];
-        if ($previous_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        $existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-        if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
-            return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
-        }
-        foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
-            $existing_row->save(['EXM_value' => $meta_value]);
-        }
-        return count($existing_rows_like_that);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
-     * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
-     * extra meta row was entered, false if not
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed  $meta_value
-     * @param bool   $unique
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_extra_meta(string $meta_key, $meta_value, bool $unique = false): bool
-    {
-        if ($unique) {
-            $existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
-                [
-                    [
-                        'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                        'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                        'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    ],
-                ]
-            );
-            if ($existing_extra_meta) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        $new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
-            [
-                'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
-                'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
-                'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ]
-        );
-        $new_extra_meta->save();
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
-     * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed  $meta_value
-     * @return int|bool number of extra meta rows deleted
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function delete_extra_meta(string $meta_key, $meta_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = [
-            [
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ],
-        ];
-        if ($meta_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
-     * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
-     * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
-     *
-     * @param string     $meta_key
-     * @param bool       $single
-     * @param mixed      $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
-     * @param array|null $extra_where
-     * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_extra_meta(string $meta_key, bool $single = false, $default = null, ?array $extra_where = [])
-    {
-        $query_params = [$extra_where + ['EXM_key' => $meta_key]];
-        if ($single) {
-            $result = $this->get_first_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
-            if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                return $result->value();
-            }
-        } else {
-            $results = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
-            if ($results) {
-                $values = [];
-                foreach ($results as $result) {
-                    if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                        $values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
-                    }
-                }
-                return $values;
-            }
-        }
-        // if nothing discovered yet return default.
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
-            $default,
-            $meta_key,
-            $single,
-            $this
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
-     * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
-     * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
-     * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
-     * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
-     * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
-     * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
-     * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
-     *
-     * @param bool $one_of_each_key
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function all_extra_meta_array(bool $one_of_each_key = true): array
-    {
-        $return_array = [];
-        if ($one_of_each_key) {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                ['group_by' => 'EXM_key']
-            );
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
-                        $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = [];
-                    }
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $return_array;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        // find a field that's not a text field
-        $field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
-        if ($field_we_can_use) {
-            return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
-        }
-        $first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
-        $first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
-        $name_parts           = [];
-        foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
-            $name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
-        }
-        return implode(',', $name_parts);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * in_entity_map
-     * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function in_entity_map()
-    {
-        // well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
-        return $this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * refresh_from_db
-     * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
-     *
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
-     * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
-     */
-    public function refresh_from_db()
-    {
-        if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
-            $this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
-        } else {
-            // if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
-            // if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
-            // that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
-            // absolutely nothing in it for this ID
-            if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $this->ID(),
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Change $fields' values to $new_value_sql (which is a string of raw SQL)
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $fields
-     * @param string                $new_value_sql
-     *          example: 'column_name=123',
-     *          or 'column_name=column_name+1',
-     *          or 'column_name= CASE
-     *          WHEN (`column_name` + `other_column` + 5) <= `yet_another_column`
-     *          THEN `column_name` + 5
-     *          ELSE `column_name`
-     *          END'
-     *          Also updates $field on this model object with the latest value from the database.
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    protected function updateFieldsInDB($fields, $new_value_sql)
-    {
-        // First make sure this model object actually exists in the DB. It would be silly to try to update it in the DB
-        // if it wasn't even there to start off.
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            $this->save();
-        }
-        global $wpdb;
-        if (empty($fields)) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed an empty array of fields.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $first_field = reset($fields);
-        $table_alias = $first_field->get_table_alias();
-        foreach ($fields as $field) {
-            if ($table_alias !== $field->get_table_alias()) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                        // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                            'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed fields for different tables ("%1$s" and "%2$s"), which is not supported. Instead, please call the method multiple times.',
-                            // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $table_alias,
-                        $field->get_table_alias()
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        // Ok the fields are now known to all be for the same table. Proceed with creating the SQL to update it.
-        $table_obj      = $this->get_model()->get_table_obj_by_alias($table_alias);
-        $table_pk_value = $this->ID();
-        $table_name     = $table_obj->get_table_name();
-        if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
-            $table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_fk_on_table();
-        } else {
-            $table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_pk_column();
-        }
-
-        $query  =
-            "UPDATE `{$table_name}`
+	/**
+	 * @var EEM_Base|null
+	 */
+	protected $_model = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
+	 * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
+	 * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
+	 * which values to override and which to not override.
+	 */
+	protected ?array $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * Timezone
+	 * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
+	 * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
+	 * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
+	 * access to it.
+	 */
+	protected string $_timezone = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * date format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying dates
+	 */
+	protected string $_dt_frmt = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * time format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying time
+	 */
+	protected string $_tm_frmt = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
+	 * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
+	 * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
+	 * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
+	 */
+	protected array $_cached_properties = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
+	 * single
+	 * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
+	 * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
+	 * all others have an array)
+	 */
+	protected array $_model_relations = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
+	 * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
+	 */
+	protected array $_fields = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
+	 * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
+	 * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
+	 * it would be a bug.
+	 */
+	protected bool $_allow_persist = true;
+
+	/**
+	 * indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
+	 */
+	protected bool $_has_changes = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a cache of results from custom selections done on a query that constructs this entity. The only purpose
+	 * for these values is for retrieval of the results, they are not further queryable and they are not persisted to
+	 * the db.  They also do not automatically update if there are any changes to the data that produced their results.
+	 * The format is a simple array of field_alias => field_value.  So for instance if a custom select was something
+	 * like,  "Select COUNT(Registration.REG_ID) as Registration_Count ...", then the resulting value will be in this
+	 * array as:
+	 * array(
+	 *  'Registration_Count' => 24
+	 * );
+	 * Note: if the custom select configuration for the query included a data type, the value will be in the data type
+	 * provided for the query (@see EventEspresso\core\domain\values\model\CustomSelects::__construct phpdocs for more
+	 * info)
+	 */
+	protected array $custom_selection_results = [];
+
+
+	/**
+	 * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
+	 * play nice
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $fieldValues                             where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
+	 *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
+	 *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
+	 * @param boolean $bydb                                    a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
+	 *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
+	 * @param string  $timezone                                indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
+	 *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
+	 * @param array   $date_formats                            An array of date formats to set on construct where first
+	 *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
+	 *                                                         format.
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($fieldValues = [], $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = [])
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
+		$model        = $this->get_model();
+		$model_fields = $model->field_settings();
+		// ensure $fieldValues is an array
+		$fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : [$fieldValues];
+		// verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
+		foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
+			if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$field_name,
+						get_class($this),
+						implode(', ', array_keys($model_fields))
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+
+		$date_format     = null;
+		$time_format     = null;
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+			[$date_format, $time_format] = $date_formats;
+		}
+		$this->set_date_format($date_format);
+		$this->set_time_format($time_format);
+		// if db model is instantiating
+		foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
+			if ($bydb) {
+				// client code has indicated these field values are from the database
+				$this->set_from_db(
+					$fieldName,
+					$fieldValues[ $fieldName ] ?? null
+				);
+			} else {
+				// we're constructing a brand new instance of the model object.
+				// Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
+				$this->set(
+					$fieldName,
+					$fieldValues[ $fieldName ] ?? null,
+					true
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		// remember what values were passed to this constructor
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
+		// remember in entity mapper
+		if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
+			$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+		}
+		// setup all the relations
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
+			} else {
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = [];
+			}
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Action done at the end of each model object construction
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function allow_persist()
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
+	 * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
+	 * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $allow_persist
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
+	 * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return mixed|null
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_original($field_name)
+	{
+		if (
+			isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
+			&& $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
+		) {
+			return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_class($obj)
+	{
+		return get_class($obj);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value
+	 * @param bool   $use_default
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function set(string $field_name, $field_value, bool $use_default = false)
+	{
+		// if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
+		// then don't do anything
+		if (
+			! $use_default
+			&& $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
+			&& $this->ID()
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$model              = $this->get_model();
+		$this->_has_changes = true;
+		$field_obj          = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if (! $field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+			$field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+			$field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+		}
+
+		// should the value be null?
+		$value = $field_value === null && ($use_default || ! $field_obj->is_nullable())
+			? $field_obj->get_default_value()
+			: $field_value;
+
+		$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($value);
+
+		// if we're not in the constructor...
+		// now check if what we set was a primary key
+		if (
+			// note: props_n_values_provided_in_constructor is only set at the END of the constructor
+			$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+			&& $field_value
+			&& $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
+		) {
+			// if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
+			// what we've explicitly set on this model
+			// or what we have in the db
+			// echo "setting primary key!";
+			$fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
+			$obj_in_db       = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
+			foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
+				if (
+					! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
+					&& $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
+				) {
+					$this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
+				}
+			}
+			// oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
+			$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+		}
+		// let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_from_db(string $field_name, $field_value_from_db)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			// you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
+			// eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
+			// entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
+			// are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
+			if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
+				if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
+					// if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
+					$field_value = null;
+				} else {
+					$field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+				}
+			} else {
+				$field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
+			}
+			$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
+			$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set custom select values for model.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $custom_select_values
+	 */
+	public function setCustomSelectsValues(array $custom_select_values)
+	{
+		$this->custom_selection_results = $custom_select_values;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the custom select value for the provided alias if its set.
+	 * If not set, returns null.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $alias
+	 * @return string|int|float|null
+	 */
+	public function getCustomSelect($alias)
+	{
+		return $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ] ?? null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
+	 * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
+	 * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
+	 */
+	public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$this->set($field_name, $field_value);
+			return true;
+		}
+		// ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
+		$this->save();
+		return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
+	 * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
+	 * Example Usage:
+	 * Via EE_Message child class:
+	 * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
+	 * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
+	 * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
+	 * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
+	 * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
+	 * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$column_value = $this->get($field_name);
+		} else {
+			// This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
+			$column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
+		}
+		return $column_value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
+	 * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
+	 * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
+	 * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
+	{
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		// make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+		// make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
+		$model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+				if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
+					EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string timezone string
+	 */
+	public function get_timezone()
+	{
+		return $this->_timezone;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
+	 * internally instead of wp set date format options
+	 *
+	 * @param string|null $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 */
+	public function set_date_format(?string $format)
+	{
+		$this->_dt_frmt = new DateFormat($format);
+		// clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
+	 * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
+	 *
+	 * @param string|null $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 */
+	public function set_time_format(?string $format)
+	{
+		$this->_tm_frmt = new TimeFormat($format);
+		// clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
+	 *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
+	 * @return string|array
+	 */
+	public function get_format($full = true)
+	{
+		return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : [$this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * cache
+	 * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
+	 * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
+	 *
+	 * @param string        $relation_name   one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
+	 *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
+	 *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
+	 * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
+	 *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
+	 * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
+	 *                                       related thing, no array)
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function cache($relation_name = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
+	{
+		// its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
+		if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
+		if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relation_name)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
+					$relation_name,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// how many things are related ?
+		if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			// if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
+			// eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
+			// so for these model objects just set it to be cached
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = $object_to_cache;
+			$return                                   = true;
+		} else {
+			// otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
+			// so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
+			// eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
+			// so we cache the registrations in an array
+			if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
+				// if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
+				// then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] =
+					$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] instanceof EE_Base_Class
+						? [$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]]
+						: [];
+			}
+			// first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
+			if (! empty($cache_id)) {
+				// if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
+				// with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return                                                = $cache_id;
+			} elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
+				// OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return                                                             = $object_to_cache->ID();
+			} else {
+				// OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][] = $object_to_cache;
+				// move the internal pointer to the end of the array
+				end($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]);
+				// and grab the key so that we can return it
+				$return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]);
+			}
+		}
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
+	 * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
+	 * @param string|null $cache_type
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
+	{
+		// first make sure this property exists
+		$this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
+
+		$this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
+	 * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
+	 * @param bool   $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
+	 *                                 to define how to output the property.
+	 *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
+	 * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		// verify the field exists
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
+		$cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
+			return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
+		}
+		$value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		$this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldname
+	 * @param bool   $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		// If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			$this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		}
+		if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
+			$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
+		}
+		return $pretty
+			? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
+			: $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
+	 * @param bool              $pretty
+	 * @param null              $date_or_time
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 */
+	protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
+		EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
+		$pretty = false,
+		$date_or_time = null
+	) {
+		$datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
+		$datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
+		// set the output returned
+		switch ($date_or_time) {
+			case 'D':
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
+				break;
+			case 'T':
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
+				break;
+			default:
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_properties()
+	{
+		$this->_cached_properties = [];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
+			unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
+	 * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
+	{
+		$other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
+			self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
+			$this->_timezone
+		);
+		return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
+	 * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
+	 * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
+	 * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name                        one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
+	 *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
+	 * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
+	 *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
+	 *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
+	 * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
+	 *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
+	 *                                                     relation from all
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function clear_cache($relation_name, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
+	{
+		$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relation_name);
+		$index_in_cache        = '';
+		if (! $relationship_to_model) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
+					$relation_name,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($clear_all) {
+			$obj_removed                              = true;
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
+		} elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			$obj_removed                              = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
+		} else {
+			if (
+				$object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
+				&& $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+			) {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
+				if (
+					is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])
+					&& ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ])
+				) {
+					$index_found_at = null;
+					// find this object in the array even though it has a different key
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] as $index => $obj) {
+						/** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
+						if (
+							$obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
+							&& (
+								$obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
+								|| $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+							)
+						) {
+							$index_found_at = $index;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+					if ($index_found_at) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
+					} else {
+						// it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
+						// if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
+						return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+					}
+				}
+			} elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				// so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
+					/** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
+					if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index;
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+			}
+			// supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
+			// provided a bad index/object
+			if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
+				$obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ];
+				unset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ]);
+			} else {
+				// that thing was never cached anyways.
+				$obj_removed = null;
+			}
+		}
+		return $obj_removed;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * update_cache_after_object_save
+	 * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
+	 * obtained after being saved to the db
+	 *
+	 * @param string        $relation_name      - the type of object that is cached
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
+	 * @param string        $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
+	 * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update_cache_after_object_save(
+		$relation_name,
+		EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
+		$current_cache_id = ''
+	) {
+		// verify that incoming object is of the correct type
+		$obj_class = 'EE_' . $relation_name;
+		if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
+			/* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
+			// now get the type of relation
+			$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relation_name);
+			// if this is a 1:1 relationship
+			if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				// then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+				// or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
+			}
+			if (
+				is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])
+				&& isset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $current_cache_id ])
+			) {
+				// then remove the current cached item
+				unset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $current_cache_id ]);
+				// and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 */
+	public function get_one_from_cache($relation_name)
+	{
+		$cached_array_or_object = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] ?? null;
+		if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
+			return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
+		}
+		return $cached_array_or_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_all_from_cache($relation_name)
+	{
+		$objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] ?? [];
+		// if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
+		$objects = is_array($objects)
+			? $objects
+			: [$objects];
+		// bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
+		// basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
+		// already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
+		// otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
+		// EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relation_name )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relation_name);
+		foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
+			if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				// ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
+				if ($model_object->ID()) {
+					$model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
+				}
+			} else {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$relation_name,
+						gettype($model_object)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = [], $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model         = $this->get_model();
+		$field         = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field)
+			? $this->get($field)
+			: null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous_x(
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = [],
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		$model         = $this->get_model();
+		$field         = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = [], $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model         = $this->get_model();
+		$field         = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = [], $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model         = $this->get_model();
+		$field         = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name A valid fieldname
+	 * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
+	 */
+	public function get_raw($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+			? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
+			: $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
+	 * EE_Datetime_Field.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
+	 * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
+	 * @throws EE_Error an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
+	 *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
+	 *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
+	 *                                         this field is nullable).
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+			? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
+			: null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
+	 * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		echo wp_kses($this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref), AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
+	 * can be easily used as the value of form input.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function f($field_name)
+	{
+		$this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_f($field_name)
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get_pretty($field_name, 'form_input');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
+	 * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
+	 * to see what options are available.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
+	 * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
+	 * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
+	 *
+	 * @access   protected
+	 * @param string      $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
+	 * @param string|null $date_format  valid datetime format used for date
+	 *                                  (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
+	 *                                  if NULL we use the last-used format)
+	 * @param string|null $time_format  Same as above except this is for time format
+	 * @param string|null $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
+	 * @param bool|null   $echo         Whether the datetime is pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
+	 * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
+	 *                                  if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _get_datetime(
+		string $field_name,
+		?string $date_format = '',
+		?string $time_format = '',
+		?string $date_or_time = '',
+		?bool $echo = false
+	) {
+		// clear cached property
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		// reset format properties because they are used in get()
+		$this->_dt_frmt = $date_format ?: $this->_dt_frmt;
+		$this->_tm_frmt = $time_format ?: $this->_tm_frmt;
+		if ($echo) {
+			$this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
+			return '';
+		}
+		return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @return string            datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param        $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param        $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
+	 * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name  name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param string $date_format format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @param string $time_format format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_datetime($field_name, $date_format = '', $time_format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $date_format, $time_format);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $date_format
+	 * @param string $time_format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_datetime($field_name, $date_format = '', $time_format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $date_format, $time_format, null, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for
+	 *                           the date being retrieved.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $format     PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
+	 *                           on the object will be used.
+	 * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 *                           field name.
+	 * @see date_i18n function.
+	 */
+	public function get_i18n_datetime(string $field_name, string $format = ''): string
+	{
+		$format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
+		return date_i18n(
+			$format,
+			EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
+				$this->get_raw($field_name),
+				$this->_timezone
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
+	 * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
+	 * thrown.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name The field name being checked
+	 * @return EE_Datetime_Field
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
+	{
+		$field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		// check if field is dtt
+		if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			return $field;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				$field_name,
+				self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
+	 * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
+	 * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
+	 * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
+	 * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
+	 */
+	/**
+	 * sets the time on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets the date on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
+	 * verifies that the given field_name matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string          $what           "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
+	 * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $field_name     the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
+	 *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_time(string $what, $datetime_value, string $field_name)
+	{
+		$field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($field_name);
+		$field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+		$field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+		switch ($what) {
+			case 'T':
+				$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[ $field_name ]
+				);
+				$this->_has_changes           = true;
+				break;
+			case 'D':
+				$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[ $field_name ]
+				);
+				$this->_has_changes           = true;
+				break;
+			case 'B':
+				$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
+				$this->_has_changes           = true;
+				break;
+		}
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
+	 * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
+	 * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
+	 * that could lead to some unexpected results!
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $field_name               This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
+	 *                                         value being returned.
+	 * @param string $callback                 must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
+	 * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
+	 * @param string $prepend                  You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
+	 * @param string $append                   You can include something to append on the timestamp
+	 * @return string timestamp
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function display_in_my_timezone(
+		$field_name,
+		$callback = 'get_datetime',
+		$args = null,
+		$prepend = '',
+		$append = ''
+	) {
+		$timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
+		if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		$original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
+		$this->set_timezone($timezone);
+		$fn   = (array) $field_name;
+		$args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
+		if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$callback
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$args   = (array) $args;
+		$return = $prepend . call_user_func_array([$this, $callback], $args) . $append;
+		$this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object.
+	 * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
+	 * override
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean | int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note:
+		 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
+		 * For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
+		$result = $this->_delete();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note:
+		 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
+		 * For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
+	 * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
+	 * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
+	 *
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _delete()
+	{
+		return $this->delete_permanently();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object permanently from db
+	 * (but keep in mind related models may block the delete and return an error)
+	 *
+	 * @return bool | int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_permanently()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
+		$model  = $this->get_model();
+		$result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
+		$this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
+	 * related model objects
+	 *
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
+				$related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
+				if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					// this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
+					// but let's make it consistent
+					$related_objects = [$related_objects];
+				}
+				foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
+					// only refresh their cache if they're in memory
+					if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+						$related_object->clear_cache(
+							$model->get_this_model_name(),
+							$this
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
+	 * object just before saving.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param array $set_cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values,
+	 *                                 if provided during the save() method (often client code will change the fields'
+	 *                                 values before calling save)
+	 * @return bool|int|string         1 on a successful update
+	 *                                 the ID of the new entry on insert
+	 *                                 0 on failure or if the model object isn't allowed to persist
+	 *                                 (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function save($set_cols_n_values = [])
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		/**
+		 * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
+		 *
+		 * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
+		 */
+		$set_cols_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values',
+			$set_cols_n_values,
+			$this
+		);
+		// set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
+		foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
+			$this->set($column, $value);
+		}
+		// no changes ? then don't do anything
+		if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Saving a model object.
+		 * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
+		if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		// now get current attribute values
+		$save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
+		// if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
+		// also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object.
+		// They have been
+		$old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
+			->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
+		$model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
+		// does this model have an autoincrement PK?
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+				// ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
+				if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					if ($results) {
+						// if successful, set the primary key
+						// but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
+						// an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
+						// will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
+						// will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
+						// but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
+						$pk_field_name                   = $model->primary_key_name();
+						$this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
+						$this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
+						$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+						$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+					}
+				}
+			} else {// PK is NOT auto-increment
+				// so check if one like it already exists in the db
+				if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
+					if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
+						throw new EE_Error(
+							sprintf(
+								esc_html__(
+									'Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
+									'event_espresso'
+								),
+								get_class($this),
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
+								'<br />'
+							)
+						);
+					}
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {// there is NO primary key
+			$already_in_db = false;
+			foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
+				$uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
+				if ($model->exists([$uniqueness_where_params])) {
+					$already_in_db = true;
+				}
+			}
+			if ($already_in_db) {
+				$combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key(
+					$save_cols_n_values,
+					$model->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
+				);
+				$results                     = $model->update(
+					$save_cols_n_values,
+					$combined_pk_fields_n_values
+				);
+			} else {
+				$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+			}
+		}
+		// restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
+		$model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
+			$old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation
+		);
+		/**
+		 * After saving the model object this action is called
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
+		 * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
+		 *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
+		$this->_has_changes = false;
+		return $results;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
+	 * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
+	 * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
+	 * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
+	 * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
+	 * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
+	 * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
+					$fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
+						$model->get_this_model_name()
+					);
+					$related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
+					if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
+						$related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
+	 * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
+	 * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
+	 * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
+	 * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
+	 * and this object and properly setup
+	 *
+	 * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
+	{
+		// make sure this has been saved
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			$id = $this->save();
+		} else {
+			$id = $this->ID();
+		}
+		// now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
+		foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relationObj) {
+			if ($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]) {
+				// is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
+				// or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
+				/* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
+				if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					// add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+					// but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+					$related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
+					// if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+					$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relation_name);
+					$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+					// }
+				} else {
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] as $related_model_obj) {
+						// add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+						// but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+						// if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+						$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relation_name);
+						$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+						// }
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $id;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * for getting a model while instantiated.
+	 *
+	 * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_model()
+	{
+		if (! $this->_model) {
+			$modelName    = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
+			$this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
+		} else {
+			$this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		}
+		return $this->_model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $props_n_values
+	 * @param $classname
+	 * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
+	{
+		// TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
+		$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+		if (
+			array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
+			&& ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+		) {
+			$id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
+			return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
+	 * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
+	 * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
+	 * we return false.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values    incoming array of properties and their values
+	 * @param string $classname         the classname of the child class
+	 * @param null   $timezone
+	 * @param array  $date_formats      incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = '', $date_formats = [])
+	{
+		$existing = null;
+		$model    = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+			if (
+				array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
+				&& ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+			) {
+				$existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
+					$props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
+				);
+			}
+		} elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
+			// no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
+			$existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
+				self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)
+					->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($existing) {
+			// set date formats if present before setting values
+			if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+				$existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
+				$existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
+			} else {
+				// set default formats for date and time
+				$existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
+				$existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
+			}
+			foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
+				$existing->set($property, $field_value);
+			}
+			return $existing;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
+	 *
+	 * @access public now, as this is more convenient
+	 * @param      $classname
+	 * @param null $timezone
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = '')
+	{
+		// find model for this class
+		if (! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
+		return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_classname
+	 * @param null   $timezone
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = '')
+	{
+		$model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
+		$model           = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
+		$model->set_timezone($timezone);
+		return $model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
+	 * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
+	 *
+	 * @param string|null $model_name
+	 * @return string like EEM_Attendee
+	 */
+	private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = '')
+	{
+		return strpos((string) $model_name, 'EE_') === 0
+			? str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name)
+			: 'EEM_' . $model_name;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns the name of the primary key attribute
+	 *
+	 * @param null $classname
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
+	{
+		if (! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the value of the primary key.
+	 * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
+	 * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
+	 * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ID()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		// now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
+		}
+		return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherModelObjectOrID
+	 * @param string                   $relation_name
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   5.0.0.p
+	 */
+	public function hasRelation($otherModelObjectOrID, string $relation_name): bool
+	{
+		$other_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
+			self::_get_model_classname($relation_name),
+			$this->_timezone
+		);
+		$primary_key = $other_model->primary_key_name();
+		/** @var EE_Base_Class $otherModelObject */
+		$otherModelObject = $other_model->ensure_is_obj($otherModelObjectOrID, $relation_name);
+		return $this->count_related($relation_name, [[$primary_key => $otherModelObject->ID()]]) > 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relation_name should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
+	 * @param string $relation_name                    eg 'Events','Question',etc.
+	 *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
+	 *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
+	 *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
+	 * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
+	 *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
+	 *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
+	 *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
+	 *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
+	 *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
+	 *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
+	 * @param null   $cache_id
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _add_relation_to(
+		$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+		$relation_name,
+		$extra_join_model_fields_n_values = [],
+		$cache_id = null
+	) {
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		// if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$otherObject = $model->add_relationship_to(
+				$this,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+				$relation_name,
+				$extra_join_model_fields_n_values
+			);
+			// clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
+			$this->clear_cache($relation_name, $otherObject, true);
+			if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
+			if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+						get_class($this)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
+			$this->cache($relation_name, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			// fix the reciprocal relation too
+			if ($otherObject->ID()) {
+				// its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
+				// clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
+				$otherObject->clear_cache(
+					$model->get_this_model_name(),
+					null,
+					true
+				);
+			} else {
+				// it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
+				$otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relation_name should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
+	 * from the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+	 *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
+	 *                to the DB yet
+	 * @param string $relation_name
+	 * @param array  $where_query
+	 *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
+	 *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
+	 *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
+	 *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then no row is
+	 *                deleted.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relation_name, $where_query = [])
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObject = $this->get_model()->remove_relationship_to(
+				$this,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+				$relation_name,
+				$where_query
+			);
+			$this->clear_cache(
+				$relation_name,
+				$otherObject
+			);
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObject = $this->clear_cache(
+				$relation_name,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+			);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$otherObject->clear_cache(
+				$this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+				$this
+			);
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes ALL the related things for the $relation_name.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name
+	 * @param array  $where_query_params @see
+	 *                                   https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relations($relation_name, $where_query_params = [])
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations(
+				$this,
+				$relation_name,
+				$where_query_params
+			);
+			$this->clear_cache(
+				$relation_name,
+				null,
+				true
+			);
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObjects = $this->clear_cache(
+				$relation_name,
+				null,
+				true
+			);
+		}
+		if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
+			foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache(
+					$this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					$this
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObjects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
+	 * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
+	 * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
+	 * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param string      $relation_name key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array|null  $query_params  @see
+	 *                              https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]     Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary
+	 *                              keys or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these
+	 *                              results if you want IDs
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_many_related($relation_name, $query_params = [])
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
+			// if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
+			if ($query_params) {
+				$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
+					$this,
+					$relation_name,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			} else {
+				// did we already cache the result of this query?
+				$cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name);
+				if (! $cached_results) {
+					$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
+						$this,
+						$relation_name,
+						$query_params
+					);
+					// if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
+					// for that relation. We can cache them then.
+					foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
+						$this->cache($relation_name, $related_model_object);
+					}
+				} else {
+					$related_model_objects = $cached_results;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
+			$related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name);
+		}
+		return $related_model_objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
+	 * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name  model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params   @see
+	 *                               https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
+	 * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
+	 *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = [], $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->count_related(
+			$this,
+			$relation_name,
+			$query_params,
+			$field_to_count,
+			$distinct
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
+	 * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params  @see
+	 *                              https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_sum  name of field to count by.
+	 *                              By default, uses primary key
+	 *                              (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably change it)
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = [], $field_to_sum = null)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->sum_related(
+			$this,
+			$relation_name,
+			$query_params,
+			$field_to_sum
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array  $query_params  @see
+	 *                              https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|null (not an array, a single object)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_first_related(string $relation_name, array $query_params = []): ?EE_Base_Class
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		if ($this->ID()) {// this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
+			// if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
+			// also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
+			// on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
+			if (
+				$query_params
+				|| ! $model->related_settings_for($relation_name) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation
+			) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+					$this,
+					$relation_name,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			} else {
+				// first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
+				$cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name);
+				if (! $cached_result) {
+					$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+						$this,
+						$relation_name,
+						$query_params
+					);
+					$this->cache($relation_name, $related_model_object);
+				} else {
+					$related_model_object = $cached_result;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$related_model_object = null;
+			// this doesn't exist in the Db,
+			// but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
+			if ($model->related_settings_for($relation_name) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+					$this,
+					$relation_name,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			}
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
+			// just get what's cached on this object
+			if (! $related_model_object) {
+				$related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name);
+			}
+		}
+		return $related_model_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relation_name and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
+	 * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
+	 * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see
+	 *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int how many deleted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related($relation_name, $query_params = [])
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$count = $this->get_model()->delete_related(
+				$this,
+				$relation_name,
+				$query_params
+			);
+		} else {
+			$count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name));
+			$this->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
+		}
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relation_name and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
+	 * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
+	 * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see
+	 *                             https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related_permanently($relation_name, $query_params = [])
+	{
+		$count = $this->ID()
+			? $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently(
+				$this,
+				$relation_name,
+				$query_params
+			)
+			: count($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name));
+
+		$this->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * is_set
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
+	 *
+	 * @access  public
+	 * @param string $field_name property to check
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
+	 */
+	public function is_set($field_name)
+	{
+		return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
+	 * EE_Error exception if they don't
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _property_exists($properties)
+	{
+		foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
+			// first make sure this property exists
+			if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$property_name
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function model_field_array()
+	{
+		$fields     = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		$properties = [];
+		// remove prepended underscore
+		foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
+			$properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
+		}
+		return $properties;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
+	 * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
+	 * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments.
+	 * Instead of requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class
+	 * (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that happen?)
+	 * they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}'
+	 * (eg, filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function)
+	 * and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function was called,
+	 * and an array of the original arguments passed to the function.
+	 * Whatever their callback function returns will be returned by this function.
+	 * Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
+	 *      add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3);
+	 *      function my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
+	 *          $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
+	 *          return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
+	 *      }
+	 * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
+	 * echo EE_Answer::new_instance(['REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'])
+	 *      ->my_callback('monkeys',100);
+	 * // will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
+	 *
+	 * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
+	 * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
+	 * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __call($methodName, $args)
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		$tagName   = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
+		if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$methodName,
+					$className,
+					$tagName
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
+	 * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed  $meta_value
+	 * @param mixed  $previous_value
+	 * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
+	 *                  NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function update_extra_meta(string $meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = [
+			[
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			],
+		];
+		if ($previous_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		$existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+		if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
+			return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
+		}
+		foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
+			$existing_row->save(['EXM_value' => $meta_value]);
+		}
+		return count($existing_rows_like_that);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
+	 * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
+	 * extra meta row was entered, false if not
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed  $meta_value
+	 * @param bool   $unique
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_extra_meta(string $meta_key, $meta_value, bool $unique = false): bool
+	{
+		if ($unique) {
+			$existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
+				[
+					[
+						'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+						'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+						'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					],
+				]
+			);
+			if ($existing_extra_meta) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		$new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
+			[
+				'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
+				'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
+				'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			]
+		);
+		$new_extra_meta->save();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
+	 * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed  $meta_value
+	 * @return int|bool number of extra meta rows deleted
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function delete_extra_meta(string $meta_key, $meta_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = [
+			[
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			],
+		];
+		if ($meta_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
+	 * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
+	 * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
+	 *
+	 * @param string     $meta_key
+	 * @param bool       $single
+	 * @param mixed      $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
+	 * @param array|null $extra_where
+	 * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_extra_meta(string $meta_key, bool $single = false, $default = null, ?array $extra_where = [])
+	{
+		$query_params = [$extra_where + ['EXM_key' => $meta_key]];
+		if ($single) {
+			$result = $this->get_first_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
+			if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+				return $result->value();
+			}
+		} else {
+			$results = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
+			if ($results) {
+				$values = [];
+				foreach ($results as $result) {
+					if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+						$values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
+					}
+				}
+				return $values;
+			}
+		}
+		// if nothing discovered yet return default.
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
+			$default,
+			$meta_key,
+			$single,
+			$this
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
+	 * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
+	 * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
+	 * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
+	 * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
+	 * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $one_of_each_key
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function all_extra_meta_array(bool $one_of_each_key = true): array
+	{
+		$return_array = [];
+		if ($one_of_each_key) {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				['group_by' => 'EXM_key']
+			);
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
+						$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = [];
+					}
+					$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $return_array;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		// find a field that's not a text field
+		$field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
+		if ($field_we_can_use) {
+			return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
+		}
+		$first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
+		$first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
+		$name_parts           = [];
+		foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
+			$name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
+		}
+		return implode(',', $name_parts);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * in_entity_map
+	 * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function in_entity_map()
+	{
+		// well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
+		return $this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * refresh_from_db
+	 * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
+	 *
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
+	 * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
+	 */
+	public function refresh_from_db()
+	{
+		if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
+			$this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
+		} else {
+			// if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
+			// if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
+			// that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
+			// absolutely nothing in it for this ID
+			if (WP_DEBUG) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$this->ID(),
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Change $fields' values to $new_value_sql (which is a string of raw SQL)
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $fields
+	 * @param string                $new_value_sql
+	 *          example: 'column_name=123',
+	 *          or 'column_name=column_name+1',
+	 *          or 'column_name= CASE
+	 *          WHEN (`column_name` + `other_column` + 5) <= `yet_another_column`
+	 *          THEN `column_name` + 5
+	 *          ELSE `column_name`
+	 *          END'
+	 *          Also updates $field on this model object with the latest value from the database.
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	protected function updateFieldsInDB($fields, $new_value_sql)
+	{
+		// First make sure this model object actually exists in the DB. It would be silly to try to update it in the DB
+		// if it wasn't even there to start off.
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			$this->save();
+		}
+		global $wpdb;
+		if (empty($fields)) {
+			throw new InvalidArgumentException(
+				esc_html__(
+					'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed an empty array of fields.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$first_field = reset($fields);
+		$table_alias = $first_field->get_table_alias();
+		foreach ($fields as $field) {
+			if ($table_alias !== $field->get_table_alias()) {
+				throw new InvalidArgumentException(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+						// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+							'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed fields for different tables ("%1$s" and "%2$s"), which is not supported. Instead, please call the method multiple times.',
+							// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$table_alias,
+						$field->get_table_alias()
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		// Ok the fields are now known to all be for the same table. Proceed with creating the SQL to update it.
+		$table_obj      = $this->get_model()->get_table_obj_by_alias($table_alias);
+		$table_pk_value = $this->ID();
+		$table_name     = $table_obj->get_table_name();
+		if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
+			$table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_fk_on_table();
+		} else {
+			$table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_pk_column();
+		}
+
+		$query  =
+			"UPDATE `{$table_name}`
             SET "
-            . $new_value_sql
-            . $wpdb->prepare(
-                "
+			. $new_value_sql
+			. $wpdb->prepare(
+				"
             WHERE `{$table_pk_field_name}` = %d;",
-                $table_pk_value
-            );
-        $result = $wpdb->query($query);
-        foreach ($fields as $field) {
-            // If it was successful, we'd like to know the new value.
-            // If it failed, we'd also like to know the new value.
-            $new_value = $this->get_model()->get_var(
-                $this->get_model()->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
-                    $this->get_model()->get_index_primary_key_string(
-                        $this->model_field_array()
-                    ),
-                    [
-                        'default_where_conditions' => 'minimum',
-                    ]
-                ),
-                $field->get_name()
-            );
-            $this->set_from_db(
-                $field->get_name(),
-                $new_value
-            );
-        }
-        return (bool) $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Nudges $field_name's value by $quantity, without any conditionals (in comparison to bumpConditionally()).
-     * Does not allow negative values, however.
-     *
-     * @param array $fields_n_quantities keys are the field names, and values are the amount by which to bump them
-     *                                   (positive or negative). One important gotcha: all these values must be
-     *                                   on the same table (eg don't pass in one field for the posts table and
-     *                                   another for the event meta table.)
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    public function adjustNumericFieldsInDb(array $fields_n_quantities)
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        if (empty($fields_n_quantities)) {
-            // No fields to update? Well sure, we updated them to that value just fine.
-            return true;
-        }
-        $fields             = [];
-        $set_sql_statements = [];
-        foreach ($fields_n_quantities as $field_name => $quantity) {
-            $field       = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name, true);
-            $fields[]    = $field;
-            $column_name = $field->get_table_column();
-
-            $abs_qty = absint($quantity);
-            if ($quantity > 0) {
-                // don't let the value be negative as often these fields are unsigned
-                $set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
-                    "`{$column_name}` = `{$column_name}` + %d",
-                    $abs_qty
-                );
-            } else {
-                $set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
-                    "`{$column_name}` = CASE
+				$table_pk_value
+			);
+		$result = $wpdb->query($query);
+		foreach ($fields as $field) {
+			// If it was successful, we'd like to know the new value.
+			// If it failed, we'd also like to know the new value.
+			$new_value = $this->get_model()->get_var(
+				$this->get_model()->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
+					$this->get_model()->get_index_primary_key_string(
+						$this->model_field_array()
+					),
+					[
+						'default_where_conditions' => 'minimum',
+					]
+				),
+				$field->get_name()
+			);
+			$this->set_from_db(
+				$field->get_name(),
+				$new_value
+			);
+		}
+		return (bool) $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Nudges $field_name's value by $quantity, without any conditionals (in comparison to bumpConditionally()).
+	 * Does not allow negative values, however.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $fields_n_quantities keys are the field names, and values are the amount by which to bump them
+	 *                                   (positive or negative). One important gotcha: all these values must be
+	 *                                   on the same table (eg don't pass in one field for the posts table and
+	 *                                   another for the event meta table.)
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	public function adjustNumericFieldsInDb(array $fields_n_quantities)
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		if (empty($fields_n_quantities)) {
+			// No fields to update? Well sure, we updated them to that value just fine.
+			return true;
+		}
+		$fields             = [];
+		$set_sql_statements = [];
+		foreach ($fields_n_quantities as $field_name => $quantity) {
+			$field       = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name, true);
+			$fields[]    = $field;
+			$column_name = $field->get_table_column();
+
+			$abs_qty = absint($quantity);
+			if ($quantity > 0) {
+				// don't let the value be negative as often these fields are unsigned
+				$set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
+					"`{$column_name}` = `{$column_name}` + %d",
+					$abs_qty
+				);
+			} else {
+				$set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
+					"`{$column_name}` = CASE
                        WHEN (`{$column_name}` >= %d)
                        THEN `{$column_name}` - %d
                        ELSE 0
                     END",
-                    $abs_qty,
-                    $abs_qty
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
-            $fields,
-            implode(', ', $set_sql_statements)
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increases the value of the field $field_name_to_bump by $quantity, but only if the values of
-     * $field_name_to_bump plus $field_name_affecting_total and $quantity won't exceed $limit_field_name's value.
-     * For example, this is useful when bumping the value of TKT_reserved, TKT_sold, DTT_reserved or DTT_sold.
-     * Returns true if the value was successfully bumped, and updates the value on this model object.
-     * Otherwise returns false.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name_to_bump
-     * @param string $field_name_affecting_total
-     * @param string $limit_field_name
-     * @param int    $quantity
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     */
-    public function incrementFieldConditionallyInDb(
-        $field_name_to_bump,
-        $field_name_affecting_total,
-        $limit_field_name,
-        $quantity
-    ) {
-        global $wpdb;
-        $field       = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_to_bump, true);
-        $column_name = $field->get_table_column();
-
-        $field_affecting_total  = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_affecting_total, true);
-        $column_affecting_total = $field_affecting_total->get_table_column();
-
-        $limiting_field  = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($limit_field_name, true);
-        $limiting_column = $limiting_field->get_table_column();
-        return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
-            [$field],
-            $wpdb->prepare(
-                "`{$column_name}` =
+					$abs_qty,
+					$abs_qty
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
+			$fields,
+			implode(', ', $set_sql_statements)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increases the value of the field $field_name_to_bump by $quantity, but only if the values of
+	 * $field_name_to_bump plus $field_name_affecting_total and $quantity won't exceed $limit_field_name's value.
+	 * For example, this is useful when bumping the value of TKT_reserved, TKT_sold, DTT_reserved or DTT_sold.
+	 * Returns true if the value was successfully bumped, and updates the value on this model object.
+	 * Otherwise returns false.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name_to_bump
+	 * @param string $field_name_affecting_total
+	 * @param string $limit_field_name
+	 * @param int    $quantity
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 */
+	public function incrementFieldConditionallyInDb(
+		$field_name_to_bump,
+		$field_name_affecting_total,
+		$limit_field_name,
+		$quantity
+	) {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$field       = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_to_bump, true);
+		$column_name = $field->get_table_column();
+
+		$field_affecting_total  = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_affecting_total, true);
+		$column_affecting_total = $field_affecting_total->get_table_column();
+
+		$limiting_field  = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($limit_field_name, true);
+		$limiting_column = $limiting_field->get_table_column();
+		return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
+			[$field],
+			$wpdb->prepare(
+				"`{$column_name}` =
             CASE
                WHEN ((`{$column_name}` + `{$column_affecting_total}` + %d) <= `{$limiting_column}`) OR `{$limiting_column}` = %d
                THEN `{$column_name}` + %d
                ELSE `{$column_name}`
             END",
-                $quantity,
-                EE_INF_IN_DB,
-                $quantity
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
-     * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function __toString()
-    {
-        try {
-            return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return '';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
-     * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
-     * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
-     * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
-     * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
-     * Eg, the following won't work:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $reg->attendee()->save();
-     * And would need to be replace with:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $att->save();
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __sleep()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
-                if (
-                    $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
-                    && $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
-                ) {
-                    $this->clear_cache(
-                        $relation_name,
-                        $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = [];
-        $properties_to_serialize                       = get_object_vars($this);
-        // don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
-        unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
-        return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-     * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
-     * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
-     * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
-     */
-    public function __wakeup()
-    {
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Usage of this magic method is to ensure any internally cached references to object instances that must remain
-     * distinct with the clone host instance are also cloned.
-     */
-    public function __clone()
-    {
-        // handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
-        foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
-            if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    public function debug()
-    {
-        $this->echoProperty(get_class($this), get_object_vars($this));
-        echo "\n\n";
-    }
-
-
-    private function echoProperty($field, $value, int $indent = 0)
-    {
-        $bullets = str_repeat(' -', $indent) . ' ';
-        $field = strpos($field, '_') === 0 ? substr($field, 1) : $field;
-        echo "\n$bullets$field: ";
-        if ($value instanceof EEM_Base) {
-            $value = get_class($value);
-        } elseif (is_object($value)) {
-            $value = get_object_vars($value);
-        }
-        if (is_array($value)) {
-            foreach ($value as $f => $v) {
-                $this->echoProperty($f, $v, $indent + 1);
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-        ob_start();
-        var_dump($value);
-        echo rtrim(ob_get_clean(), "\n");
-    }
+				$quantity,
+				EE_INF_IN_DB,
+				$quantity
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
+	 * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function __toString()
+	{
+		try {
+			return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
+	 * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
+	 * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
+	 * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
+	 * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
+	 * Eg, the following won't work:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $reg->attendee()->save();
+	 * And would need to be replace with:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $att->save();
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __sleep()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
+				if (
+					$this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
+					&& $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
+				) {
+					$this->clear_cache(
+						$relation_name,
+						$this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = [];
+		$properties_to_serialize                       = get_object_vars($this);
+		// don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
+		unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
+		return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+	 * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
+	 * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
+	 * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
+	 */
+	public function __wakeup()
+	{
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Usage of this magic method is to ensure any internally cached references to object instances that must remain
+	 * distinct with the clone host instance are also cloned.
+	 */
+	public function __clone()
+	{
+		// handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
+		foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
+			if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
+				$this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	public function debug()
+	{
+		$this->echoProperty(get_class($this), get_object_vars($this));
+		echo "\n\n";
+	}
+
+
+	private function echoProperty($field, $value, int $indent = 0)
+	{
+		$bullets = str_repeat(' -', $indent) . ' ';
+		$field = strpos($field, '_') === 0 ? substr($field, 1) : $field;
+		echo "\n$bullets$field: ";
+		if ($value instanceof EEM_Base) {
+			$value = get_class($value);
+		} elseif (is_object($value)) {
+			$value = get_object_vars($value);
+		}
+		if (is_array($value)) {
+			foreach ($value as $f => $v) {
+				$this->echoProperty($f, $v, $indent + 1);
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+		ob_start();
+		var_dump($value);
+		echo rtrim(ob_get_clean(), "\n");
+	}
 }

Spacing +117 added lines, -117 removed lines

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ 
         $fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : [$fieldValues];
         // verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
         foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
-            if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
+            if ( ! isset($model_fields[$field_name])) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ 
         $date_format     = null;
         $time_format     = null;
         $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+        if ( ! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
             [$date_format, $time_format] = $date_formats;
         }
         $this->set_date_format($date_format);
@@ -161,14 +161,14 @@ 
                 // client code has indicated these field values are from the database
                 $this->set_from_db(
                     $fieldName,
-                    $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] ?? null
+                    $fieldValues[$fieldName] ?? null
                 );
             } else {
                 // we're constructing a brand new instance of the model object.
                 // Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
                 $this->set(
                     $fieldName,
-                    $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] ?? null,
+                    $fieldValues[$fieldName] ?? null,
                     true
                 );
             }
@@ -176,15 +176,15 @@ 
         // remember what values were passed to this constructor
         $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
         // remember in entity mapper
-        if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
+        if ( ! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
             $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
         }
         // setup all the relations
         foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
             if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = null;
             } else {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = [];
+                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = [];
             }
         }
         /**
@@ -236,10 +236,10 @@ 
     public function get_original($field_name)
     {
         if (
-            isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
+            isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[$field_name])
             && $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
         ) {
-            return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
+            return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[$field_name]);
         }
         return null;
     }
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ 
         // then don't do anything
         if (
             ! $use_default
-            && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
+            && $this->_fields[$field_name] === $field_value
             && $this->ID()
         ) {
             return;
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ 
         $model              = $this->get_model();
         $this->_has_changes = true;
         $field_obj          = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if (! $field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+        if ( ! $field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ 
             ? $field_obj->get_default_value()
             : $field_value;
 
-        $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($value);
+        $this->_fields[$field_name] = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($value);
 
         // if we're not in the constructor...
         // now check if what we set was a primary key
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ 
             } else {
                 $field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
             }
-            $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
+            $this->_fields[$field_name] = $field_value;
             $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
         }
     }
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ 
      */
     public function getCustomSelect($alias)
     {
-        return $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ] ?? null;
+        return $this->custom_selection_results[$alias] ?? null;
     }
 
 
@@ -481,8 +481,8 @@ 
         foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
             if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
                 $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
-                    EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
+                if (isset($this->_fields[$field_name]) && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime) {
+                    EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[$field_name], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_format($full = true)
     {
-        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : [$this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt];
+        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt.' '.$this->_tm_frmt : [$this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt];
     }
 
 
@@ -566,11 +566,11 @@ 
     public function cache($relation_name = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
     {
         // its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
-        if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+        if ( ! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
             return false;
         }
         // also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
-        if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relation_name)) {
+        if ( ! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relation_name)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -584,38 +584,38 @@ 
             // if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
             // eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
             // so for these model objects just set it to be cached
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = $object_to_cache;
+            $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = $object_to_cache;
             $return                                   = true;
         } else {
             // otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
             // so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
             // eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
             // so we cache the registrations in an array
-            if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
+            if ( ! is_array($this->_model_relations[$relation_name])) {
                 // if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
                 // then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] =
-                    $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                        ? [$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]]
+                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] =
+                    $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] instanceof EE_Base_Class
+                        ? [$this->_model_relations[$relation_name]]
                         : [];
             }
             // first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
-            if (! empty($cache_id)) {
+            if ( ! empty($cache_id)) {
                 // if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
                 // with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name][$cache_id] = $object_to_cache;
                 $return                                                = $cache_id;
             } elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
                 // OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name][$object_to_cache->ID()] = $object_to_cache;
                 $return                                                             = $object_to_cache->ID();
             } else {
                 // OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][] = $object_to_cache;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name][] = $object_to_cache;
                 // move the internal pointer to the end of the array
-                end($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]);
+                end($this->_model_relations[$relation_name]);
                 // and grab the key so that we can return it
-                $return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]);
+                $return = key($this->_model_relations[$relation_name]);
             }
         }
         return $return;
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ 
         $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
         $cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
 
-        $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
+        $this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type] = $value;
     }
 
 
@@ -671,9 +671,9 @@ 
         $model = $this->get_model();
         $model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
         $cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
-        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
-            return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
+        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_'.$extra_cache_ref : '';
+        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type])) {
+            return $this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type];
         }
         $value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
         $this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
@@ -701,12 +701,12 @@ 
         if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
             $this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
         }
-        if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
-            $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
+        if ( ! isset($this->_fields[$fieldname])) {
+            $this->_fields[$fieldname] = null;
         }
         return $pretty
-            ? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
-            : $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
+            ? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[$fieldname], $extra_cache_ref)
+            : $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[$fieldname]);
     }
 
 
@@ -762,8 +762,8 @@ 
      */
     protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
     {
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
-            unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
+        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[$property_name])) {
+            unset($this->_cached_properties[$property_name]);
         }
     }
 
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ 
     {
         $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relation_name);
         $index_in_cache        = '';
-        if (! $relationship_to_model) {
+        if ( ! $relationship_to_model) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -826,10 +826,10 @@ 
         }
         if ($clear_all) {
             $obj_removed                              = true;
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
+            $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = null;
         } elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            $obj_removed                              = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
+            $obj_removed                              = $this->_model_relations[$relation_name];
+            $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = null;
         } else {
             if (
                 $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
@@ -837,12 +837,12 @@ 
             ) {
                 $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
                 if (
-                    is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])
-                    && ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ])
+                    is_array($this->_model_relations[$relation_name])
+                    && ! isset($this->_model_relations[$relation_name][$index_in_cache])
                 ) {
                     $index_found_at = null;
                     // find this object in the array even though it has a different key
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] as $index => $obj) {
+                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[$relation_name] as $index => $obj) {
                         /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
                         if (
                             $obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
@@ -876,9 +876,9 @@ 
             }
             // supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
             // provided a bad index/object
-            if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
-                $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ];
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $index_in_cache ]);
+            if (isset($this->_model_relations[$relation_name][$index_in_cache])) {
+                $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[$relation_name][$index_in_cache];
+                unset($this->_model_relations[$relation_name][$index_in_cache]);
             } else {
                 // that thing was never cached anyways.
                 $obj_removed = null;
@@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ 
         $current_cache_id = ''
     ) {
         // verify that incoming object is of the correct type
-        $obj_class = 'EE_' . $relation_name;
+        $obj_class = 'EE_'.$relation_name;
         if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
             /* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
             // now get the type of relation
@@ -917,18 +917,18 @@ 
             // if this is a 1:1 relationship
             if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
                 // then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = $newly_saved_object;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = $newly_saved_object;
                 return true;
                 // or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
             }
             if (
-                is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])
-                && isset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $current_cache_id ])
+                is_array($this->_model_relations[$relation_name])
+                && isset($this->_model_relations[$relation_name][$current_cache_id])
             ) {
                 // then remove the current cached item
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $current_cache_id ]);
+                unset($this->_model_relations[$relation_name][$current_cache_id]);
                 // and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name][$newly_saved_object->ID()] = $newly_saved_object;
                 return true;
             }
         }
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_one_from_cache($relation_name)
     {
-        $cached_array_or_object = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] ?? null;
+        $cached_array_or_object = $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] ?? null;
         if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
             return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
         }
@@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_all_from_cache($relation_name)
     {
-        $objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] ?? [];
+        $objects = $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] ?? [];
         // if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
         $objects = is_array($objects)
             ? $objects
@@ -1159,9 +1159,9 @@ 
     public function get_raw($field_name)
     {
         $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
-            : $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
+        return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime
+            ? $this->_fields[$field_name]->format('U')
+            : $this->_fields[$field_name];
     }
 
 
@@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ 
     public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
     {
         $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+        if ( ! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
             EE_Error::add_error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -1198,8 +1198,8 @@ 
             );
             return false;
         }
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
+        return isset($this->_fields[$field_name]) && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime
+            ? clone $this->_fields[$field_name]
             : null;
     }
 
@@ -1444,7 +1444,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_i18n_datetime(string $field_name, string $format = ''): string
     {
-        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
+        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt.' '.$this->_tm_frmt : $format;
         return date_i18n(
             $format,
             EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
@@ -1556,21 +1556,21 @@ 
         $field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
         switch ($what) {
             case 'T':
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
+                $this->_fields[$field_name] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
                     $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
+                    $this->_fields[$field_name]
                 );
                 $this->_has_changes           = true;
                 break;
             case 'D':
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
+                $this->_fields[$field_name] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
                     $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
+                    $this->_fields[$field_name]
                 );
                 $this->_has_changes           = true;
                 break;
             case 'B':
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
+                $this->_fields[$field_name] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
                 $this->_has_changes           = true;
                 break;
         }
@@ -1613,7 +1613,7 @@ 
         $this->set_timezone($timezone);
         $fn   = (array) $field_name;
         $args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
-        if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
+        if ( ! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -1625,7 +1625,7 @@ 
             );
         }
         $args   = (array) $args;
-        $return = $prepend . call_user_func_array([$this, $callback], $args) . $append;
+        $return = $prepend.call_user_func_array([$this, $callback], $args).$append;
         $this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
         return $return;
     }
@@ -1740,8 +1740,8 @@ 
     {
         $model = $this->get_model();
         foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
-                $related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
+            if ( ! empty($this->_model_relations[$relation_name])) {
+                $related_objects = $this->_model_relations[$relation_name];
                 if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
                     // this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
                     // but let's make it consistent
@@ -1798,7 +1798,7 @@ 
             $this->set($column, $value);
         }
         // no changes ? then don't do anything
-        if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+        if ( ! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
             return 0;
         }
         /**
@@ -1808,7 +1808,7 @@ 
          * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
          */
         do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
-        if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
+        if ( ! $this->allow_persist()) {
             return 0;
         }
         // now get current attribute values
@@ -1823,10 +1823,10 @@ 
         if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
             if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
                 // ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
-                if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
+                if ( ! empty($save_cols_n_values[$model->primary_key_name()])) {
                     $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
                 } else {
-                    unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
+                    unset($save_cols_n_values[$model->primary_key_name()]);
                     $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
                     if ($results) {
                         // if successful, set the primary key
@@ -1836,7 +1836,7 @@ 
                         // will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
                         // but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
                         $pk_field_name                   = $model->primary_key_name();
-                        $this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
+                        $this->_fields[$pk_field_name] = $results;
                         $this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
                         $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
                         $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
@@ -1853,8 +1853,8 @@ 
                                     'event_espresso'
                                 ),
                                 get_class($this),
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
+                                get_class($model).'::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+                                get_class($model).'::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
                                 '<br />'
                             )
                         );
@@ -1878,7 +1878,7 @@ 
                     $save_cols_n_values,
                     $model->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
                 );
-                $results                     = $model->update(
+                $results = $model->update(
                     $save_cols_n_values,
                     $combined_pk_fields_n_values
                 );
@@ -1956,27 +1956,27 @@ 
     public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
     {
         // make sure this has been saved
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
+        if ( ! $this->ID()) {
             $id = $this->save();
         } else {
             $id = $this->ID();
         }
         // now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
         foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relationObj) {
-            if ($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ]) {
+            if ($this->_model_relations[$relation_name]) {
                 // is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
                 // or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
                 /* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
                 if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
                     // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
                     // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                    $related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
+                    $related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[$relation_name];
                     // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
                     $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relation_name);
                     $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
                     // }
                 } else {
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] as $related_model_obj) {
+                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[$relation_name] as $related_model_obj) {
                         // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
                         // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
                         // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
@@ -2003,7 +2003,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_model()
     {
-        if (! $this->_model) {
+        if ( ! $this->_model) {
             $modelName    = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
             $this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
         } else {
@@ -2029,9 +2029,9 @@ 
         $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
         if (
             array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-            && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+            && ! empty($props_n_values[$primary_id_ref])
         ) {
-            $id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
+            $id = $props_n_values[$primary_id_ref];
             return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
         }
         return false;
@@ -2064,10 +2064,10 @@ 
             $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
             if (
                 array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-                && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+                && ! empty($props_n_values[$primary_id_ref])
             ) {
                 $existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
-                    $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
+                    $props_n_values[$primary_id_ref]
                 );
             }
         } elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
@@ -2079,7 +2079,7 @@ 
         }
         if ($existing) {
             // set date formats if present before setting values
-            if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+            if ( ! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
                 $existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
                 $existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
             } else {
@@ -2112,7 +2112,7 @@ 
     protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = '')
     {
         // find model for this class
-        if (! $classname) {
+        if ( ! $classname) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -2160,7 +2160,7 @@ 
     {
         return strpos((string) $model_name, 'EE_') === 0
             ? str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name)
-            : 'EEM_' . $model_name;
+            : 'EEM_'.$model_name;
     }
 
 
@@ -2177,7 +2177,7 @@ 
      */
     protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
     {
-        if (! $classname) {
+        if ( ! $classname) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -2207,7 +2207,7 @@ 
         $model = $this->get_model();
         // now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
         if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
+            return $this->_fields[$model->primary_key_name()];
         }
         return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
     }
@@ -2281,7 +2281,7 @@ 
             }
         } else {
             // this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
-            if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+            if ( ! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -2448,7 +2448,7 @@ 
             } else {
                 // did we already cache the result of this query?
                 $cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name);
-                if (! $cached_results) {
+                if ( ! $cached_results) {
                     $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
                         $this,
                         $relation_name,
@@ -2560,7 +2560,7 @@ 
             } else {
                 // first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
                 $cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name);
-                if (! $cached_result) {
+                if ( ! $cached_result) {
                     $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
                         $this,
                         $relation_name,
@@ -2584,7 +2584,7 @@ 
             }
             // this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
             // just get what's cached on this object
-            if (! $related_model_object) {
+            if ( ! $related_model_object) {
                 $related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name);
             }
         }
@@ -2667,7 +2667,7 @@ 
      */
     public function is_set($field_name)
     {
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+        return isset($this->_fields[$field_name]);
     }
 
 
@@ -2683,7 +2683,7 @@ 
     {
         foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
             // first make sure this property exists
-            if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
+            if ( ! $this->_fields[$property_name]) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -2715,7 +2715,7 @@ 
         $properties = [];
         // remove prepended underscore
         foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
-            $properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
+            $properties[$field_name] = $this->get($field_name);
         }
         return $properties;
     }
@@ -2752,7 +2752,7 @@ 
     {
         $className = get_class($this);
         $tagName   = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
+        if ( ! has_filter($tagName)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -2797,7 +2797,7 @@ 
             $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
         }
         $existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-        if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
+        if ( ! $existing_rows_like_that) {
             return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
         }
         foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
@@ -2907,7 +2907,7 @@ 
                 $values = [];
                 foreach ($results as $result) {
                     if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                        $values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
+                        $values[$result->ID()] = $result->value();
                     }
                 }
                 return $values;
@@ -2952,17 +2952,17 @@ 
             );
             foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
                 if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+                    $return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
                 }
             }
         } else {
             $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
             foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
                 if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
-                        $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = [];
+                    if ( ! isset($return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()])) {
+                        $return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()] = [];
                     }
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+                    $return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()][$extra_meta_obj->ID()] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -3043,8 +3043,8 @@ 
                             'event_espresso'
                         ),
                         $this->ID(),
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
+                        get_class($this->get_model()).'::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+                        get_class($this->get_model()).'::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
                     )
                 );
             }
@@ -3077,7 +3077,7 @@ 
     {
         // First make sure this model object actually exists in the DB. It would be silly to try to update it in the DB
         // if it wasn't even there to start off.
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
+        if ( ! $this->ID()) {
             $this->save();
         }
         global $wpdb;
@@ -3117,7 +3117,7 @@ 
             $table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_pk_column();
         }
 
-        $query  =
+        $query =
             "UPDATE `{$table_name}`
             SET "
             . $new_value_sql
@@ -3311,7 +3311,7 @@ 
         $model = $this->get_model();
         foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
             if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
+                $classname = 'EE_'.$model->get_this_model_name();
                 if (
                     $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
                     && $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
@@ -3352,7 +3352,7 @@ 
         // handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
         foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
             if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
+                $this->_fields[$field] = clone $value;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -3367,7 +3367,7 @@ 
 
     private function echoProperty($field, $value, int $indent = 0)
     {
-        $bullets = str_repeat(' -', $indent) . ' ';
+        $bullets = str_repeat(' -', $indent).' ';
         $field = strpos($field, '_') === 0 ? substr($field, 1) : $field;
         echo "\n$bullets$field: ";
         if ($value instanceof EEM_Base) {

core/db_classes/EE_Attendee.class.php

Indentation +745 added lines, -745 removed lines

@@ -15,749 +15,749 @@
  */
 class EE_Attendee extends EE_CPT_Base implements EEI_Contact, AddressInterface, EEI_Admin_Links, EEI_Attendee
 {
-    /**
-     * Sets some dynamic defaults
-     *
-     * @param array  $fieldValues
-     * @param bool   $bydb
-     * @param string $timezone
-     * @param array  $date_formats
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function __construct($fieldValues = null, $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = [])
-    {
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_full_name'])) {
-            $fname                        = $fieldValues['ATT_fname'] ?? '';
-            $lname                        = $fieldValues['ATT_lname'] ?? '';
-            $fieldValues['ATT_full_name'] = "$fname $lname";
-        }
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_slug'])) {
-            // $fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_key(wp_generate_password(20));
-            $fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_title($fieldValues['ATT_full_name']);
-        }
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_short_bio']) && isset($fieldValues['ATT_bio'])) {
-            $fieldValues['ATT_short_bio'] = substr($fieldValues['ATT_bio'], 0, 50);
-        }
-        parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array       $props_n_values     incoming values
-     * @param string|null $timezone           incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website
-     *                                        will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array       $date_formats       incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Attendee
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance(
-        array $props_n_values = [],
-        ?string $timezone = '',
-        array $date_formats = []
-    ): EE_Attendee {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ?: new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array       $props_n_values incoming values from the database
-     * @param string|null $timezone       incoming timezone as set by the model.
-     *                                    If not set, the timezone for the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Attendee
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db(array $props_n_values = [], ?string $timezone = ''): EE_Attendee
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string|null $fname
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_fname(?string $fname = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_fname', (string) $fname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string|null $lname
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_lname(?string $lname = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_lname', (string) $lname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string|null $address
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_address(?string $address = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_address', (string) $address);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string|null $address2
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_address2(?string $address2 = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_address2', (string) $address2);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string|null $city
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_city(?string $city = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_city', $city);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int|null $STA_ID
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_state(?int $STA_ID = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('STA_ID', $STA_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string|null $CNT_ISO
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_country(?string $CNT_ISO = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('CNT_ISO', $CNT_ISO);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string|null $zip
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_zip(?string $zip = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_zip', $zip);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string|null $email
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_email(?string $email = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_email', $email);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string|null $phone
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_phone(?string $phone = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_phone', $phone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool|int|string|null $ATT_deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_deleted($ATT_deleted = false)
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_deleted', $ATT_deleted);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the value for the post_author id saved with the cpt
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    public function wp_user(): int
-    {
-        return (int) $this->get('ATT_author');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function fname(): string
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get('ATT_fname');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * echoes out the attendee's first name
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function e_full_name()
-    {
-        echo esc_html($this->full_name());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the first and last name concatenated together with a space.
-     *
-     * @param bool $apply_html_entities
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function full_name(bool $apply_html_entities = false): string
-    {
-        $full_name = [$this->fname(), $this->lname()];
-        $full_name = array_filter($full_name);
-        $full_name = implode(' ', $full_name);
-        return $apply_html_entities
-            ? htmlentities($full_name, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')
-            : $full_name;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the value of the `ATT_full_name` field which is usually equivalent to calling `full_name()` unless
-     * the post_title field has been directly modified in the db for the post (espresso_attendees post type) for this
-     * attendee.
-     *
-     * @param bool $apply_html_entities
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function ATT_full_name(bool $apply_html_entities = false): string
-    {
-        return $apply_html_entities
-            ? htmlentities((string) $this->get('ATT_full_name'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')
-            : (string) $this->get('ATT_full_name');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function lname(): string
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get('ATT_lname');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function bio(): string
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get('ATT_bio');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function short_bio(): string
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get('ATT_short_bio');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the attendee's full address as an array so client code can decide hwo to display it
-     *
-     * @return array numerically indexed, with each part of the address that is known.
-     * Eg, if the user only responded to state and country,
-     * it would be array(0=>'Alabama',1=>'USA')
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function full_address_as_array(): array
-    {
-        $full_address_array     = [];
-        $initial_address_fields = ['ATT_address', 'ATT_address2', 'ATT_city',];
-        foreach ($initial_address_fields as $address_field_name) {
-            $address_fields_value = $this->get($address_field_name);
-            if (! empty($address_fields_value)) {
-                $full_address_array[] = $address_fields_value;
-            }
-        }
-        // now handle state and country
-        $state_obj = $this->state_obj();
-        if ($state_obj instanceof EE_State) {
-            $full_address_array[] = $state_obj->name();
-        }
-        $country_obj = $this->country_obj();
-        if ($country_obj instanceof EE_Country) {
-            $full_address_array[] = $country_obj->name();
-        }
-        // lastly get the xip
-        $zip_value = $this->zip();
-        if (! empty($zip_value)) {
-            $full_address_array[] = $zip_value;
-        }
-        return $full_address_array;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function address(): string
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get('ATT_address');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function address2(): string
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get('ATT_address2');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function city(): string
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get('ATT_city');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function state_ID(): int
-    {
-        return (int) $this->get('STA_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function state_abbrev(): string
-    {
-        return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State
-            ? $this->state_obj()->abbrev()
-            : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EE_State|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function state_obj(): ?EE_State
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('State');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function state_name(): string
-    {
-        return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State
-            ? $this->state_obj()->name()
-            : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * either displays the state abbreviation or the state name, as determined
-     * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation" filter.
-     * defaults to abbreviation
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function state(): string
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation', true, $this->state_obj())
-            ? $this->state_abbrev()
-            : $this->state_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function country_ID(): string
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get('CNT_ISO');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EE_Country|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function country_obj(): ?EE_Country
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Country');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function country_name(): string
-    {
-        return $this->country_obj() instanceof EE_Country
-            ? $this->country_obj()->name()
-            : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * either displays the country ISO2 code or the country name, as determined
-     * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation" filter.
-     * defaults to abbreviation
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function country(): string
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation', true, $this->country_obj())
-            ? $this->country_ID()
-            : $this->country_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function zip(): string
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get('ATT_zip');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function email(): string
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get('ATT_email');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function phone(): string
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get('ATT_phone');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function deleted(): bool
-    {
-        return (bool) $this->get('ATT_deleted');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Registration[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_registrations(array $query_params = []): array
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the most recent registration of this attendee
-     *
-     * @return EE_Registration|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_most_recent_registration(): ?EE_Registration
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Registration', ['order_by' => ['REG_date' => 'DESC']]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the most recent registration for this attend at this event
-     *
-     * @param int $event_id
-     * @return EE_Registration|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_most_recent_registration_for_event(int $event_id): ?EE_Registration
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related(
-            'Registration',
-            [['EVT_ID' => $event_id], 'order_by' => ['REG_date' => 'DESC']]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns any events attached to this attendee ($_Event property);
-     *
-     * @return EE_Event[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function events(): array
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Event');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the billing info array where keys match espresso_reg_page_billing_inputs(),
-     * and keys are their cleaned values. @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method the _gateway_name property on the
-     * gateway class
-     *
-     * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see EE_Attendee::save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method() which was used to save the billing info
-     */
-    public function billing_info_for_payment_method(EE_Payment_Method $payment_method): ?EE_Form_Section_Proper
-    {
-        $pm_type = $payment_method->type_obj();
-        if (! $pm_type instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        $billing_info = $this->get_post_meta($this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method), true);
-        if (! $billing_info) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        $billing_form = $pm_type->billing_form();
-        if (! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Info_Form) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        // double-check the form isn't totally hidden, in which case pretend there is no form
-        $form_totally_hidden = true;
-        foreach ($billing_form->inputs_in_subsections() as $input) {
-            if (! $input->get_display_strategy() instanceof EE_Hidden_Display_Strategy) {
-                $form_totally_hidden = false;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if ($form_totally_hidden) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        if ($billing_form instanceof EE_Form_Section_Proper) {
-            $billing_form->receive_form_submission([$billing_form->name() => $billing_info], false);
-        }
-
-        return $billing_form;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the postmeta key that holds this attendee's billing info for the
-     * specified payment method
-     *
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_billing_info_postmeta_name(EE_Payment_Method $payment_method): string
-    {
-        return $payment_method->type_obj() instanceof EE_PMT_Base
-            ? 'billing_info_' . $payment_method->type_obj()->system_name()
-            : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Saves the billing info to the attendee.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form|null $billing_form
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method                  $payment_method
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see EE_Attendee::billing_info_for_payment_method() which is used to retrieve it
-     */
-    public function save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method(
-        ?EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form $billing_form,
-        EE_Payment_Method $payment_method
-    ): bool {
-        if (! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__('Cannot save billing info because there is none.', 'event_espresso'),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        $billing_form->clean_sensitive_data();
-        $postmeta_name = $this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method);
-        $saved_values  = get_post_meta($this->ID(), $postmeta_name);
-        $input_values  = $billing_form->input_values(true);
-        // Merge the values in case some fields were already saved somewhere.
-        if ($saved_values && is_array($saved_values)) {
-            // Need a one dimensional array.
-            $saved_values = array_merge(...$saved_values);
-            $input_values = array_merge($saved_values, $input_values);
-        }
-        return update_post_meta($this->ID(), $postmeta_name, $input_values);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Return the link to the admin details for the object.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_admin_details_link(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the link to the editor for the object.  Sometimes this is the same as the details.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function get_admin_edit_link(): string
-    {
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            [
-                'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
-                'action' => 'edit_attendee',
-                'post'   => $this->ID(),
-            ],
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the link to a settings page for the object.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_admin_settings_link(): string
-    {
-        return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the link to the "overview" for the object (typically the "list table" view).
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_admin_overview_link(): string
-    {
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            [
-                'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
-                'action' => 'contact_list',
-            ],
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Sets some dynamic defaults
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $fieldValues
+	 * @param bool   $bydb
+	 * @param string $timezone
+	 * @param array  $date_formats
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($fieldValues = null, $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = [])
+	{
+		if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_full_name'])) {
+			$fname                        = $fieldValues['ATT_fname'] ?? '';
+			$lname                        = $fieldValues['ATT_lname'] ?? '';
+			$fieldValues['ATT_full_name'] = "$fname $lname";
+		}
+		if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_slug'])) {
+			// $fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_key(wp_generate_password(20));
+			$fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_title($fieldValues['ATT_full_name']);
+		}
+		if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_short_bio']) && isset($fieldValues['ATT_bio'])) {
+			$fieldValues['ATT_short_bio'] = substr($fieldValues['ATT_bio'], 0, 50);
+		}
+		parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array       $props_n_values     incoming values
+	 * @param string|null $timezone           incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website
+	 *                                        will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array       $date_formats       incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Attendee
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance(
+		array $props_n_values = [],
+		?string $timezone = '',
+		array $date_formats = []
+	): EE_Attendee {
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ?: new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array       $props_n_values incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string|null $timezone       incoming timezone as set by the model.
+	 *                                    If not set, the timezone for the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Attendee
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db(array $props_n_values = [], ?string $timezone = ''): EE_Attendee
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string|null $fname
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_fname(?string $fname = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_fname', (string) $fname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string|null $lname
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_lname(?string $lname = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_lname', (string) $lname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string|null $address
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_address(?string $address = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_address', (string) $address);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string|null $address2
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_address2(?string $address2 = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_address2', (string) $address2);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string|null $city
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_city(?string $city = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_city', $city);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int|null $STA_ID
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_state(?int $STA_ID = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('STA_ID', $STA_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string|null $CNT_ISO
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_country(?string $CNT_ISO = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('CNT_ISO', $CNT_ISO);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string|null $zip
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_zip(?string $zip = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_zip', $zip);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string|null $email
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_email(?string $email = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_email', $email);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string|null $phone
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_phone(?string $phone = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_phone', $phone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool|int|string|null $ATT_deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_deleted($ATT_deleted = false)
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_deleted', $ATT_deleted);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the value for the post_author id saved with the cpt
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	public function wp_user(): int
+	{
+		return (int) $this->get('ATT_author');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function fname(): string
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get('ATT_fname');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * echoes out the attendee's first name
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function e_full_name()
+	{
+		echo esc_html($this->full_name());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the first and last name concatenated together with a space.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $apply_html_entities
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function full_name(bool $apply_html_entities = false): string
+	{
+		$full_name = [$this->fname(), $this->lname()];
+		$full_name = array_filter($full_name);
+		$full_name = implode(' ', $full_name);
+		return $apply_html_entities
+			? htmlentities($full_name, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')
+			: $full_name;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the value of the `ATT_full_name` field which is usually equivalent to calling `full_name()` unless
+	 * the post_title field has been directly modified in the db for the post (espresso_attendees post type) for this
+	 * attendee.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $apply_html_entities
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function ATT_full_name(bool $apply_html_entities = false): string
+	{
+		return $apply_html_entities
+			? htmlentities((string) $this->get('ATT_full_name'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')
+			: (string) $this->get('ATT_full_name');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function lname(): string
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get('ATT_lname');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function bio(): string
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get('ATT_bio');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function short_bio(): string
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get('ATT_short_bio');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the attendee's full address as an array so client code can decide hwo to display it
+	 *
+	 * @return array numerically indexed, with each part of the address that is known.
+	 * Eg, if the user only responded to state and country,
+	 * it would be array(0=>'Alabama',1=>'USA')
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function full_address_as_array(): array
+	{
+		$full_address_array     = [];
+		$initial_address_fields = ['ATT_address', 'ATT_address2', 'ATT_city',];
+		foreach ($initial_address_fields as $address_field_name) {
+			$address_fields_value = $this->get($address_field_name);
+			if (! empty($address_fields_value)) {
+				$full_address_array[] = $address_fields_value;
+			}
+		}
+		// now handle state and country
+		$state_obj = $this->state_obj();
+		if ($state_obj instanceof EE_State) {
+			$full_address_array[] = $state_obj->name();
+		}
+		$country_obj = $this->country_obj();
+		if ($country_obj instanceof EE_Country) {
+			$full_address_array[] = $country_obj->name();
+		}
+		// lastly get the xip
+		$zip_value = $this->zip();
+		if (! empty($zip_value)) {
+			$full_address_array[] = $zip_value;
+		}
+		return $full_address_array;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function address(): string
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get('ATT_address');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function address2(): string
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get('ATT_address2');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function city(): string
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get('ATT_city');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function state_ID(): int
+	{
+		return (int) $this->get('STA_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function state_abbrev(): string
+	{
+		return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State
+			? $this->state_obj()->abbrev()
+			: '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EE_State|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function state_obj(): ?EE_State
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('State');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function state_name(): string
+	{
+		return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State
+			? $this->state_obj()->name()
+			: '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * either displays the state abbreviation or the state name, as determined
+	 * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation" filter.
+	 * defaults to abbreviation
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function state(): string
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation', true, $this->state_obj())
+			? $this->state_abbrev()
+			: $this->state_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function country_ID(): string
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get('CNT_ISO');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EE_Country|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function country_obj(): ?EE_Country
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Country');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function country_name(): string
+	{
+		return $this->country_obj() instanceof EE_Country
+			? $this->country_obj()->name()
+			: '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * either displays the country ISO2 code or the country name, as determined
+	 * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation" filter.
+	 * defaults to abbreviation
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function country(): string
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation', true, $this->country_obj())
+			? $this->country_ID()
+			: $this->country_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function zip(): string
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get('ATT_zip');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function email(): string
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get('ATT_email');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function phone(): string
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get('ATT_phone');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function deleted(): bool
+	{
+		return (bool) $this->get('ATT_deleted');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Registration[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_registrations(array $query_params = []): array
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the most recent registration of this attendee
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Registration|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_most_recent_registration(): ?EE_Registration
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Registration', ['order_by' => ['REG_date' => 'DESC']]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the most recent registration for this attend at this event
+	 *
+	 * @param int $event_id
+	 * @return EE_Registration|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_most_recent_registration_for_event(int $event_id): ?EE_Registration
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related(
+			'Registration',
+			[['EVT_ID' => $event_id], 'order_by' => ['REG_date' => 'DESC']]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns any events attached to this attendee ($_Event property);
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Event[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function events(): array
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Event');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the billing info array where keys match espresso_reg_page_billing_inputs(),
+	 * and keys are their cleaned values. @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method the _gateway_name property on the
+	 * gateway class
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see EE_Attendee::save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method() which was used to save the billing info
+	 */
+	public function billing_info_for_payment_method(EE_Payment_Method $payment_method): ?EE_Form_Section_Proper
+	{
+		$pm_type = $payment_method->type_obj();
+		if (! $pm_type instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		$billing_info = $this->get_post_meta($this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method), true);
+		if (! $billing_info) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		$billing_form = $pm_type->billing_form();
+		if (! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Info_Form) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		// double-check the form isn't totally hidden, in which case pretend there is no form
+		$form_totally_hidden = true;
+		foreach ($billing_form->inputs_in_subsections() as $input) {
+			if (! $input->get_display_strategy() instanceof EE_Hidden_Display_Strategy) {
+				$form_totally_hidden = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if ($form_totally_hidden) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		if ($billing_form instanceof EE_Form_Section_Proper) {
+			$billing_form->receive_form_submission([$billing_form->name() => $billing_info], false);
+		}
+
+		return $billing_form;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the postmeta key that holds this attendee's billing info for the
+	 * specified payment method
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_billing_info_postmeta_name(EE_Payment_Method $payment_method): string
+	{
+		return $payment_method->type_obj() instanceof EE_PMT_Base
+			? 'billing_info_' . $payment_method->type_obj()->system_name()
+			: '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Saves the billing info to the attendee.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form|null $billing_form
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method                  $payment_method
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see EE_Attendee::billing_info_for_payment_method() which is used to retrieve it
+	 */
+	public function save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method(
+		?EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form $billing_form,
+		EE_Payment_Method $payment_method
+	): bool {
+		if (! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__('Cannot save billing info because there is none.', 'event_espresso'),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		$billing_form->clean_sensitive_data();
+		$postmeta_name = $this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method);
+		$saved_values  = get_post_meta($this->ID(), $postmeta_name);
+		$input_values  = $billing_form->input_values(true);
+		// Merge the values in case some fields were already saved somewhere.
+		if ($saved_values && is_array($saved_values)) {
+			// Need a one dimensional array.
+			$saved_values = array_merge(...$saved_values);
+			$input_values = array_merge($saved_values, $input_values);
+		}
+		return update_post_meta($this->ID(), $postmeta_name, $input_values);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the link to the admin details for the object.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_details_link(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the link to the editor for the object.  Sometimes this is the same as the details.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_edit_link(): string
+	{
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			[
+				'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
+				'action' => 'edit_attendee',
+				'post'   => $this->ID(),
+			],
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the link to a settings page for the object.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_settings_link(): string
+	{
+		return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the link to the "overview" for the object (typically the "list table" view).
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_overview_link(): string
+	{
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			[
+				'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
+				'action' => 'contact_list',
+			],
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
 }

Spacing +12 added lines, -12 removed lines

@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ 
      */
     protected function __construct($fieldValues = null, $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = [])
     {
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_full_name'])) {
+        if ( ! isset($fieldValues['ATT_full_name'])) {
             $fname                        = $fieldValues['ATT_fname'] ?? '';
             $lname                        = $fieldValues['ATT_lname'] ?? '';
             $fieldValues['ATT_full_name'] = "$fname $lname";
         }
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_slug'])) {
+        if ( ! isset($fieldValues['ATT_slug'])) {
             // $fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_key(wp_generate_password(20));
             $fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_title($fieldValues['ATT_full_name']);
         }
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_short_bio']) && isset($fieldValues['ATT_bio'])) {
+        if ( ! isset($fieldValues['ATT_short_bio']) && isset($fieldValues['ATT_bio'])) {
             $fieldValues['ATT_short_bio'] = substr($fieldValues['ATT_bio'], 0, 50);
         }
         parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone, $date_formats);
@@ -320,10 +320,10 @@ 
     public function full_address_as_array(): array
     {
         $full_address_array     = [];
-        $initial_address_fields = ['ATT_address', 'ATT_address2', 'ATT_city',];
+        $initial_address_fields = ['ATT_address', 'ATT_address2', 'ATT_city', ];
         foreach ($initial_address_fields as $address_field_name) {
             $address_fields_value = $this->get($address_field_name);
-            if (! empty($address_fields_value)) {
+            if ( ! empty($address_fields_value)) {
                 $full_address_array[] = $address_fields_value;
             }
         }
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ 
         }
         // lastly get the xip
         $zip_value = $this->zip();
-        if (! empty($zip_value)) {
+        if ( ! empty($zip_value)) {
             $full_address_array[] = $zip_value;
         }
         return $full_address_array;
@@ -607,21 +607,21 @@ 
     public function billing_info_for_payment_method(EE_Payment_Method $payment_method): ?EE_Form_Section_Proper
     {
         $pm_type = $payment_method->type_obj();
-        if (! $pm_type instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
+        if ( ! $pm_type instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
             return null;
         }
         $billing_info = $this->get_post_meta($this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method), true);
-        if (! $billing_info) {
+        if ( ! $billing_info) {
             return null;
         }
         $billing_form = $pm_type->billing_form();
-        if (! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Info_Form) {
+        if ( ! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Info_Form) {
             return null;
         }
         // double-check the form isn't totally hidden, in which case pretend there is no form
         $form_totally_hidden = true;
         foreach ($billing_form->inputs_in_subsections() as $input) {
-            if (! $input->get_display_strategy() instanceof EE_Hidden_Display_Strategy) {
+            if ( ! $input->get_display_strategy() instanceof EE_Hidden_Display_Strategy) {
                 $form_totally_hidden = false;
                 break;
             }
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ 
     public function get_billing_info_postmeta_name(EE_Payment_Method $payment_method): string
     {
         return $payment_method->type_obj() instanceof EE_PMT_Base
-            ? 'billing_info_' . $payment_method->type_obj()->system_name()
+            ? 'billing_info_'.$payment_method->type_obj()->system_name()
             : '';
     }
 
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ 
         ?EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form $billing_form,
         EE_Payment_Method $payment_method
     ): bool {
-        if (! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form) {
+        if ( ! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form) {
             EE_Error::add_error(
                 esc_html__('Cannot save billing info because there is none.', 'event_espresso'),
                 __FILE__,

core/db_classes/EE_CSV.class.php

Indentation +660 added lines, -660 removed lines

@@ -13,664 +13,664 @@
  */
 class EE_CSV
 {
-    // instance of the EE_CSV object
-    private static $_instance = null;
-
-
-    // multidimensional array to store update & error messages
-    // var $_notices = array( 'updates' => array(), 'errors' => array() );
-
-
-    private $_primary_keys;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Registry
-     */
-    private $EE;
-    /**
-     * string used for 1st cell in exports, which indicates that the following 2 rows will be metadata keys and values
-     */
-    const metadata_header = 'Event Espresso Export Meta Data';
-
-    /**
-     * private constructor to prevent direct creation
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function __construct()
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        $this->_primary_keys = array(
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_answer'                  => array('ANS_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_attendee'                => array('ATT_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_datetime'                => array('DTT_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_event_question_group'    => array('EQG_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_message_template'        => array('MTP_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_payment'                 => array('PAY_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_price'                   => array('PRC_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_price_type'              => array('PRT_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question'                => array('QST_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_group'          => array('QSG_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_group_question' => array('QGQ_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_option'         => array('QSO_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_registration'            => array('REG_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_status'                  => array('STS_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_detail'               => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_category_detail'      => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_category_rel'         => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_venue'                => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_venue_rel'            => array('emeta_id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_locale'               => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_locale_rel'           => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_personnel'            => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_personnel_rel'        => array('id'),
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * singleton method used to instantiate class object
-     *
-     * @return EE_CSV
-     */
-    public static function instance()
-    {
-        // check if class object is instantiated
-        if (self::$_instance === null or ! is_object(self::$_instance) or ! (self::$_instance instanceof EE_CSV)) {
-            self::$_instance = new self();
-        }
-        return self::$_instance;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Opens a unicode or utf file (normal file_get_contents has difficulty reading ga unicode file)
-     * @see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15092764/how-to-read-unicode-text-file-in-php
-     *
-     * @param string $file_path
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function read_unicode_file($file_path)
-    {
-        $fc = "";
-        $fh = fopen($file_path, "rb");
-        if (! $fh) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(esc_html__("Cannot open file for read: %s<br>\n", 'event_espresso'), $file_path));
-        }
-        $flen = filesize($file_path);
-        $bc = fread($fh, $flen);
-        for ($i = 0; $i < $flen; $i++) {
-            $c = substr($bc, $i, 1);
-            if ((ord($c) != 0) && (ord($c) != 13)) {
-                $fc = $fc . $c;
-            }
-        }
-        if ((ord(substr($fc, 0, 1)) == 255) && (ord(substr($fc, 1, 1)) == 254)) {
-            $fc = substr($fc, 2);
-        }
-        return ($fc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Generic CSV-functionality to turn an entire CSV file into a single array that's
-     * NOT in a specific format to EE. It's just a 2-level array, with top-level arrays
-     * representing each row in the CSV file, and the second-level arrays being each column in that row
-     *
-     * @param string $path_to_file
-     * @return array of arrays. Top-level array has rows, second-level array has each item
-     */
-    public function import_csv_to_multi_dimensional_array($path_to_file)
-    {
-        // needed to deal with Mac line endings
-        ini_set('auto_detect_line_endings', true);
-
-        // because fgetcsv does not correctly deal with backslashed quotes such as \"
-        // we'll read the file into a string
-        $file_contents = $this->read_unicode_file($path_to_file);
-        // replace backslashed quotes with CSV enclosures
-        $file_contents = str_replace('\\"', '"""', $file_contents);
-        // HEY YOU! PUT THAT FILE BACK!!!
-        file_put_contents($path_to_file, $file_contents);
-
-        if (($file_handle = fopen($path_to_file, "r")) !== false) {
-            # Set the parent multidimensional array key to 0.
-            $nn = 0;
-            $csvarray = array();
-
-            // in PHP 5.3 fgetcsv accepts a 5th parameter, but the pre 5.3 versions of fgetcsv choke if passed more than 4 - is that crazy or what?
-            if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.0') < 0) {
-                //  PHP 5.2- version
-                // loop through each row of the file
-                while (($data = fgetcsv($file_handle, 0, ',', '"')) !== false) {
-                    $csvarray[] = $data;
-                }
-            } else {
-                // loop through each row of the file
-                while (($data = fgetcsv($file_handle, 0, ',', '"', '\\')) !== false) {
-                    $csvarray[] = $data;
-                }
-            }
-            # Close the File.
-            fclose($file_handle);
-            return $csvarray;
-        } else {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(esc_html__("An error occurred - the file: %s could not opened.", "event_espresso"), $path_to_file),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Import contents of csv file and store values in an array to be manipulated by other functions
-     * @param string  $path_to_file         - the csv file to be imported including the path to it's location.
-     *                                      If $model_name is provided, assumes that each row in the CSV represents a
-     *                                      model object for that model If $model_name ISN'T provided, assumes that
-     *                                      before model object data, there is a row where the first entry is simply
-     *                                      'MODEL', and next entry is the model's name, (untranslated) like Event, and
-     *                                      then maybe a row of headers, and then the model data. Eg.
-     *                                      '<br>MODEL,Event,<br>EVT_ID,EVT_name,...<br>1,Monkey
-     *                                      Party,...<br>2,Llamarama,...<br>MODEL,Venue,<br>VNU_ID,VNU_name<br>1,The
-     *                                      Forest
-     * @param string  $model_name           model name if we know what model we're importing
-     * @param boolean $first_row_is_headers - whether the first row of data is headers or not - TRUE = headers, FALSE =
-     *                                      data
-     * @return mixed - array on success - multi dimensional with headers as keys (if headers exist) OR string on fail -
-     *               error message like the following array('Event'=>array( array('EVT_ID'=>1,'EVT_name'=>'bob
-     *               party',...), array('EVT_ID'=>2,'EVT_name'=>'llamarama',...),
-     *                                      ...
-     *                                      )
-     *                                      'Venue'=>array(
-     *                                      array('VNU_ID'=>1,'VNU_name'=>'the shack',...),
-     *                                      array('VNU_ID'=>2,'VNU_name'=>'tree house',...),
-     *                                      ...
-     *                                      )
-     *                                      ...
-     *                                      )
-     */
-    public function import_csv_to_model_data_array($path_to_file, $model_name = false, $first_row_is_headers = true)
-    {
-        $multi_dimensional_array = $this->import_csv_to_multi_dimensional_array($path_to_file);
-        if (! $multi_dimensional_array) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // gotta start somewhere
-        $row = 1;
-        // array to store csv data in
-        $ee_formatted_data = array();
-        // array to store headers (column names)
-        $headers = array();
-        foreach ($multi_dimensional_array as $data) {
-            // if first cell is MODEL, then second cell is the MODEL name
-            if ($data[0] == 'MODEL') {
-                $model_name = $data[1];
-                // don't bother looking for model data in this row. The rest of this
-                // row should be blank
-                // AND pretend this is the first row again
-                $row = 1;
-                // reset headers
-                $headers = array();
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (strpos($data[0], EE_CSV::metadata_header) !== false) {
-                $model_name = EE_CSV::metadata_header;
-                // store like model data, we just won't try importing it etc.
-                $row = 1;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-
-            // how many columns are there?
-            $columns = count($data);
-
-            $model_entry = array();
-            // loop through each column
-            for ($i = 0; $i < $columns; $i++) {
-                // replace csv_enclosures with backslashed quotes
-                $data[ $i ] = str_replace('"""', '\\"', $data[ $i ]);
-                // do we need to grab the column names?
-                if ($row === 1) {
-                    if ($first_row_is_headers) {
-                        // store the column names to use for keys
-                        $column_name = $data[ $i ];
-                        // check it's not blank... sometimes CSV editign programs adda bunch of empty columns onto the end...
-                        if (! $column_name) {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                        $matches = array();
-                        if ($model_name == EE_CSV::metadata_header) {
-                            $headers[ $i ] = $column_name;
-                        } else {
-                            // now get the db table name from it (the part between square brackets)
-                            $success = preg_match('~(.*)\[(.*)\]~', $column_name, $matches);
-                            if (! $success) {
-                                EE_Error::add_error(
-                                    sprintf(
-                                        esc_html__(
-                                            "The column titled %s is invalid for importing. It must be be in the format of 'Nice Name[model_field_name]' in row %s",
-                                            "event_espresso"
-                                        ),
-                                        $column_name,
-                                        implode(",", $data)
-                                    ),
-                                    __FILE__,
-                                    __FUNCTION__,
-                                    __LINE__
-                                );
-                                return false;
-                            }
-                            $headers[ $i ] = $matches[2];
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        // no column names means our final array will just use counters for keys
-                        $model_entry[ $headers[ $i ] ] = $data[ $i ];
-                        $headers[ $i ] = $i;
-                    }
-                    // and we need to store csv data
-                } else {
-                    // this column isn' ta header, store it if there is a header for it
-                    if (isset($headers[ $i ])) {
-                        $model_entry[ $headers[ $i ] ] = $data[ $i ];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            // save the row's data IF it's a non-header-row
-            if (! $first_row_is_headers || ($first_row_is_headers && $row > 1)) {
-                $ee_formatted_data[ $model_name ][] = $model_entry;
-            }
-            // advance to next row
-            $row++;
-        }
-
-        // delete the uploaded file
-        unlink($path_to_file);
-        // echo '<pre style="height:auto;border:2px solid lightblue;">' . print_r( $ee_formatted_data, TRUE ) . '</pre><br /><span style="font-size:10px;font-weight:normal;">' . __FILE__ . '<br />line no: ' . __LINE__ . '</span>';
-        // die();
-
-        // it's good to give back
-        return $ee_formatted_data;
-    }
-
-
-    public function save_csv_to_db($csv_data_array, $model_name = false)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            'save_csv_to_db',
-            esc_html__(
-                'Function moved to EE_Import and renamed to save_csv_data_array_to_db',
-                'event_espresso'
-            ),
-            '4.6.7'
-        );
-        return EE_Import::instance()->save_csv_data_array_to_db($csv_data_array, $model_name);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sends HTTP headers to indicate that the browser should download a file,
-     * and starts writing the file to PHP's output. Returns the file handle so other functions can
-     * also write to it
-     *
-     * @param string $new_filename the name of the file that the user will download
-     * @return resource, like the results of fopen(), which can be used for fwrite, fputcsv2, etc.
-     */
-    public function begin_sending_csv($filename)
-    {
-        // grab file extension
-        $ext = substr(strrchr($filename, '.'), 1);
-        if ($ext == '.csv' or $ext == '.xls') {
-            str_replace($ext, '', $filename);
-        }
-        $filename .= '.csv';
-
-        // if somebody's been naughty and already started outputting stuff, trash it
-        // and start writing our stuff.
-        if (ob_get_length()) {
-            @ob_flush();
-            @flush();
-            @ob_end_flush();
-        }
-        @ob_start();
-        header("Pragma: public");
-        header("Expires: 0");
-        header("Pragma: no-cache");
-        header("Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
-        // header("Content-Type: application/force-download");
-        // header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");
-        // header("Content-Type: application/download");
-        header('Content-disposition: attachment; filename=' . $filename);
-        header("Content-Type: text/csv; charset=utf-8");
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_CSV__begin_sending_csv__headers');
-        echo apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_CSV__begin_sending_csv__start_writing',
-            "\xEF\xBB\xBF"
-        ); // makes excel open it as UTF-8. UTF-8 BOM, see http://stackoverflow.com/a/4440143/2773835
-        $fh = fopen('php://output', 'w');
-        return $fh;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Writes some meta data to the CSV as a bunch of columns. Initially we're only
-     * mentioning the version and timezone
-     *
-     * @param resource $filehandle
-     */
-    public function write_metadata_to_csv($filehandle)
-    {
-        $data_row = array(EE_CSV::metadata_header);// do NOT translate because this exact string is used when importing
-        $this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $data_row);
-        $meta_data = array(
-            0 => array(
-                'version'        => espresso_version(),
-                'timezone'       => EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone(),
-                'time_of_export' => current_time('mysql'),
-                'site_url'       => site_url(),
-            ),
-        );
-        $this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $meta_data);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Writes $data to the csv file open in $filehandle. uses the array indices of $data for column headers
-     *
-     * @param array   $data                 2D array, first numerically-indexed, and next-level-down preferably indexed
-     *                                      by string
-     * @param boolean $add_csv_column_names whether or not we should add the keys in the bottom-most array as a row for
-     *                                      headers in the CSV. Eg, if $data looked like
-     *                                      array(0=>array('EVT_ID'=>1,'EVT_name'=>'monkey'...), 1=>array(...),...))
-     *                                      then the first row we'd write to the CSV would be "EVT_ID,EVT_name,..."
-     * @return boolean if we successfully wrote to the CSV or not. If there's no $data, we consider that a success
-     *                 (because we wrote everything there was...nothing)
-     */
-    public function write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $data)
-    {
-
-
-        // determine if $data is actually a 2d array
-        if ($data && is_array($data) && is_array(EEH_Array::get_one_item_from_array($data))) {
-            // make sure top level is numerically indexed,
-
-            if (EEH_Array::is_associative_array($data)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "top-level array must be numerically indexed. Does these look like numbers to you? %s",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        implode(",", array_keys($data))
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $item_in_top_level_array = EEH_Array::get_one_item_from_array($data);
-            // now, is the last item in the top-level array of $data an associative or numeric array?
-            if (EEH_Array::is_associative_array($item_in_top_level_array)) {
-                // its associative, so we want to output its keys as column headers
-                $keys = array_keys($item_in_top_level_array);
-                $this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $keys);
-            }
-            // start writing data
-            foreach ($data as $data_row) {
-                $this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $data_row);
-            }
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            // no data TO write... so we can assume that's a success
-            return true;
-        }
-        // //if 2nd level is indexed by strings, use those as csv column headers (ie, the first row)
-        //
-        //
-        // $no_table = TRUE;
-        //
-        // // loop through data and add each row to the file/stream as csv
-        // foreach ( $data as $model_name => $model_data ) {
-        // // test first row to see if it is data or a model name
-        // $model = EE_Registry::instance();->load_model($model_name);
-        // //if the model really exists,
-        // if ( $model ) {
-        //
-        // // we have a table name
-        // $no_table = FALSE;
-        //
-        // // put the tablename into an array cuz that's how fputcsv rolls
-        // $model_name_row = array( 'MODEL', $model_name );
-        //
-        // // add table name to csv output
-        // echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $model_name_row);
-        //
-        // // now get the rest of the data
-        // foreach ( $model_data as $row ) {
-        // // output the row
-        // echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $row);
-        // }
-        //
-        // }
-        //
-        // if ( $no_table ) {
-        // // no table so just put the data
-        // echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $model_data);
-        // }
-        //
-        // } // END OF foreach ( $data )
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Should be called after begin_sending_csv(), and one or more write_data_array_to_csv()s.
-     * Calls exit to prevent polluting the CSV file with other junk
-     *
-     * @param resource $fh filehandle where we're writing the CSV to
-     */
-    public function end_sending_csv($fh)
-    {
-        fclose($fh);
-        exit(0);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Given an open file, writes all the model data to it in the format the importer expects.
-     * Usually preceded by begin_sending_csv($filename), and followed by end_sending_csv($filehandle).
-     *
-     * @param resource $filehandle
-     * @param array    $model_data_array is assumed to be a 3d array: 1st layer has keys of model names (eg 'Event'),
-     *                                   next layer is numerically indexed to represent each model object (eg, each
-     *                                   individual event), and the last layer has all the attributes o fthat model
-     *                                   object (eg, the event's id, name, etc)
-     * @return boolean success
-     */
-    public function write_model_data_to_csv($filehandle, $model_data_array)
-    {
-        $this->write_metadata_to_csv($filehandle);
-        foreach ($model_data_array as $model_name => $model_instance_arrays) {
-            // first: output a special row stating the model
-            $this->fputcsv2($filehandle, array('MODEL', $model_name));
-            // if we have items to put in the CSV, do it normally
-
-            if (! empty($model_instance_arrays)) {
-                $this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $model_instance_arrays);
-            } else {
-                // echo "no data to write... so just write the headers";
-                // so there's actually NO model objects for that model.
-                // probably still want to show the columns
-                $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_name);
-                $column_names = array();
-                foreach ($model->field_settings() as $field) {
-                    $column_names[ $field->get_nicename() . "[" . $field->get_name() . "]" ] = null;
-                }
-                $this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, array($column_names));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Writes the CSV file to the output buffer, with rows corresponding to $model_data_array,
-     * and dies (in order to avoid other plugins from messing up the csv output)
-     *
-     * @param string $filename         the filename you want to give the file
-     * @param array  $model_data_array 3d array, as described in EE_CSV::write_model_data_to_csv()
-     * @return bool | void writes CSV file to output and dies
-     */
-    public function export_multiple_model_data_to_csv($filename, $model_data_array)
-    {
-        $filehandle = $this->begin_sending_csv($filename);
-        $this->write_model_data_to_csv($filehandle, $model_data_array);
-        $this->end_sending_csv($filehandle);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Export contents of an array to csv file
-     * @param array  $data     - the array of data to be converted to csv and exported
-     * @param string $filename - name for newly created csv file
-     * @return TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
-     */
-    public function export_array_to_csv($data = false, $filename = false)
-    {
-
-        // no data file?? get outta here
-        if (! $data or ! is_array($data) or empty($data)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // no filename?? get outta here
-        if (! $filename) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-
-        // somebody told me i might need this ???
-        global $wpdb;
-        $prefix = $wpdb->prefix;
-
-
-        $fh = $this->begin_sending_csv($filename);
-
-
-        $this->end_sending_csv($fh);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Determine the maximum upload file size based on php.ini settings
-     * @param int $percent_of_max - desired percentage of the max upload_mb
-     * @return int KB
-     */
-    public function get_max_upload_size($percent_of_max = false)
-    {
-
-        $max_upload = (int) (ini_get('upload_max_filesize'));
-        $max_post = (int) (ini_get('post_max_size'));
-        $memory_limit = (int) (ini_get('memory_limit'));
-
-        // determine the smallest of the three values from above
-        $upload_mb = min($max_upload, $max_post, $memory_limit);
-
-        // convert MB to KB
-        $upload_mb = $upload_mb * 1024;
-
-        // don't want the full monty? then reduce the max uplaod size
-        if ($percent_of_max) {
-            // is percent_of_max like this -> 50 or like this -> 0.50 ?
-            if ($percent_of_max > 1) {
-                // chnages 50 to 0.50
-                $percent_of_max = $percent_of_max / 100;
-            }
-            // make upload_mb a percentage of the max upload_mb
-            $upload_mb = $upload_mb * $percent_of_max;
-        }
-
-        return $upload_mb;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Drop   in replacement for PHP's fputcsv function - but this one works!!!
-     * @param resource $fh         - file handle - what we are writing to
-     * @param array    $row        - individual row of csv data
-     * @param string   $delimiter  - csv delimiter
-     * @param string   $enclosure  - csv enclosure
-     * @param string   $mysql_null - allows php NULL to be overridden with MySQl's insertable NULL value
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function fputcsv2($fh, array $row, $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"', $mysql_null = false)
-    {
-        // Allow user to filter the csv delimiter and enclosure for other countries csv standards
-        $delimiter = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__fputcsv2__delimiter', $delimiter);
-        $enclosure = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__fputcsv2__enclosure', $enclosure);
-
-        $delimiter_esc = preg_quote($delimiter, '/');
-        $enclosure_esc = preg_quote($enclosure, '/');
-
-        $output = array();
-        foreach ($row as $field_value) {
-            if (is_object($field_value) || is_array($field_value)) {
-                $field_value = serialize($field_value);
-            }
-            if ($field_value === null && $mysql_null) {
-                $output[] = 'NULL';
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            $output[] = preg_match("/(?:${delimiter_esc}|${enclosure_esc}|\s)/", $field_value) ?
-                ($enclosure . str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure . $enclosure, $field_value) . $enclosure)
-                : $field_value;
-        }
-
-        fwrite($fh, join($delimiter, $output) . PHP_EOL);
-    }
-
-
-    // /**
-    //  * CSV    Import / Export messages
-    //  * @return void
-    //  */
-    // public function csv_admin_notices()
-    // {
-    //
-    //     // We play both kinds of music here! Country AND Western! - err... I mean, cycle through both types of notices
-    //     foreach (array('updates', 'errors') as $type) {
-    //
-    //         // if particular notice type is not empty, then "You've got Mail"
-    //         if (! empty($this->_notices[ $type ])) {
-    //
-    //             // is it an update or an error ?
-    //             $msg_class = $type == 'updates' ? 'updated' : 'error';
-    //             echo '<div id="message" class="' . $msg_class . '">';
-    //             // display each notice, however many that may be
-    //             foreach ($this->_notices[ $type ] as $message) {
-    //                 echo '<p>' . $message . '</p>';
-    //             }
-    //             // wrap it up
-    //             echo '</div>';
-    //         }
-    //     }
-    // }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the date format to use in teh csv. filterable
-     *
-     * @param string $current_format
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_date_format_for_csv($current_format = null)
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__get_date_format_for_csv__format', 'Y-m-d', $current_format);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the time format we want to use in CSV reports. Filterable
-     *
-     * @param string $current_format
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_time_format_for_csv($current_format = null)
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__get_time_format_for_csv__format', 'H:i:s', $current_format);
-    }
+	// instance of the EE_CSV object
+	private static $_instance = null;
+
+
+	// multidimensional array to store update & error messages
+	// var $_notices = array( 'updates' => array(), 'errors' => array() );
+
+
+	private $_primary_keys;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Registry
+	 */
+	private $EE;
+	/**
+	 * string used for 1st cell in exports, which indicates that the following 2 rows will be metadata keys and values
+	 */
+	const metadata_header = 'Event Espresso Export Meta Data';
+
+	/**
+	 * private constructor to prevent direct creation
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	private function __construct()
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+
+		$this->_primary_keys = array(
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_answer'                  => array('ANS_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_attendee'                => array('ATT_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_datetime'                => array('DTT_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_event_question_group'    => array('EQG_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_message_template'        => array('MTP_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_payment'                 => array('PAY_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_price'                   => array('PRC_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_price_type'              => array('PRT_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question'                => array('QST_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_group'          => array('QSG_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_group_question' => array('QGQ_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_option'         => array('QSO_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_registration'            => array('REG_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_status'                  => array('STS_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_detail'               => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_category_detail'      => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_category_rel'         => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_venue'                => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_venue_rel'            => array('emeta_id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_locale'               => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_locale_rel'           => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_personnel'            => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_personnel_rel'        => array('id'),
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * singleton method used to instantiate class object
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_CSV
+	 */
+	public static function instance()
+	{
+		// check if class object is instantiated
+		if (self::$_instance === null or ! is_object(self::$_instance) or ! (self::$_instance instanceof EE_CSV)) {
+			self::$_instance = new self();
+		}
+		return self::$_instance;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Opens a unicode or utf file (normal file_get_contents has difficulty reading ga unicode file)
+	 * @see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15092764/how-to-read-unicode-text-file-in-php
+	 *
+	 * @param string $file_path
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function read_unicode_file($file_path)
+	{
+		$fc = "";
+		$fh = fopen($file_path, "rb");
+		if (! $fh) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(esc_html__("Cannot open file for read: %s<br>\n", 'event_espresso'), $file_path));
+		}
+		$flen = filesize($file_path);
+		$bc = fread($fh, $flen);
+		for ($i = 0; $i < $flen; $i++) {
+			$c = substr($bc, $i, 1);
+			if ((ord($c) != 0) && (ord($c) != 13)) {
+				$fc = $fc . $c;
+			}
+		}
+		if ((ord(substr($fc, 0, 1)) == 255) && (ord(substr($fc, 1, 1)) == 254)) {
+			$fc = substr($fc, 2);
+		}
+		return ($fc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Generic CSV-functionality to turn an entire CSV file into a single array that's
+	 * NOT in a specific format to EE. It's just a 2-level array, with top-level arrays
+	 * representing each row in the CSV file, and the second-level arrays being each column in that row
+	 *
+	 * @param string $path_to_file
+	 * @return array of arrays. Top-level array has rows, second-level array has each item
+	 */
+	public function import_csv_to_multi_dimensional_array($path_to_file)
+	{
+		// needed to deal with Mac line endings
+		ini_set('auto_detect_line_endings', true);
+
+		// because fgetcsv does not correctly deal with backslashed quotes such as \"
+		// we'll read the file into a string
+		$file_contents = $this->read_unicode_file($path_to_file);
+		// replace backslashed quotes with CSV enclosures
+		$file_contents = str_replace('\\"', '"""', $file_contents);
+		// HEY YOU! PUT THAT FILE BACK!!!
+		file_put_contents($path_to_file, $file_contents);
+
+		if (($file_handle = fopen($path_to_file, "r")) !== false) {
+			# Set the parent multidimensional array key to 0.
+			$nn = 0;
+			$csvarray = array();
+
+			// in PHP 5.3 fgetcsv accepts a 5th parameter, but the pre 5.3 versions of fgetcsv choke if passed more than 4 - is that crazy or what?
+			if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.0') < 0) {
+				//  PHP 5.2- version
+				// loop through each row of the file
+				while (($data = fgetcsv($file_handle, 0, ',', '"')) !== false) {
+					$csvarray[] = $data;
+				}
+			} else {
+				// loop through each row of the file
+				while (($data = fgetcsv($file_handle, 0, ',', '"', '\\')) !== false) {
+					$csvarray[] = $data;
+				}
+			}
+			# Close the File.
+			fclose($file_handle);
+			return $csvarray;
+		} else {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(esc_html__("An error occurred - the file: %s could not opened.", "event_espresso"), $path_to_file),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Import contents of csv file and store values in an array to be manipulated by other functions
+	 * @param string  $path_to_file         - the csv file to be imported including the path to it's location.
+	 *                                      If $model_name is provided, assumes that each row in the CSV represents a
+	 *                                      model object for that model If $model_name ISN'T provided, assumes that
+	 *                                      before model object data, there is a row where the first entry is simply
+	 *                                      'MODEL', and next entry is the model's name, (untranslated) like Event, and
+	 *                                      then maybe a row of headers, and then the model data. Eg.
+	 *                                      '<br>MODEL,Event,<br>EVT_ID,EVT_name,...<br>1,Monkey
+	 *                                      Party,...<br>2,Llamarama,...<br>MODEL,Venue,<br>VNU_ID,VNU_name<br>1,The
+	 *                                      Forest
+	 * @param string  $model_name           model name if we know what model we're importing
+	 * @param boolean $first_row_is_headers - whether the first row of data is headers or not - TRUE = headers, FALSE =
+	 *                                      data
+	 * @return mixed - array on success - multi dimensional with headers as keys (if headers exist) OR string on fail -
+	 *               error message like the following array('Event'=>array( array('EVT_ID'=>1,'EVT_name'=>'bob
+	 *               party',...), array('EVT_ID'=>2,'EVT_name'=>'llamarama',...),
+	 *                                      ...
+	 *                                      )
+	 *                                      'Venue'=>array(
+	 *                                      array('VNU_ID'=>1,'VNU_name'=>'the shack',...),
+	 *                                      array('VNU_ID'=>2,'VNU_name'=>'tree house',...),
+	 *                                      ...
+	 *                                      )
+	 *                                      ...
+	 *                                      )
+	 */
+	public function import_csv_to_model_data_array($path_to_file, $model_name = false, $first_row_is_headers = true)
+	{
+		$multi_dimensional_array = $this->import_csv_to_multi_dimensional_array($path_to_file);
+		if (! $multi_dimensional_array) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// gotta start somewhere
+		$row = 1;
+		// array to store csv data in
+		$ee_formatted_data = array();
+		// array to store headers (column names)
+		$headers = array();
+		foreach ($multi_dimensional_array as $data) {
+			// if first cell is MODEL, then second cell is the MODEL name
+			if ($data[0] == 'MODEL') {
+				$model_name = $data[1];
+				// don't bother looking for model data in this row. The rest of this
+				// row should be blank
+				// AND pretend this is the first row again
+				$row = 1;
+				// reset headers
+				$headers = array();
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (strpos($data[0], EE_CSV::metadata_header) !== false) {
+				$model_name = EE_CSV::metadata_header;
+				// store like model data, we just won't try importing it etc.
+				$row = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+
+			// how many columns are there?
+			$columns = count($data);
+
+			$model_entry = array();
+			// loop through each column
+			for ($i = 0; $i < $columns; $i++) {
+				// replace csv_enclosures with backslashed quotes
+				$data[ $i ] = str_replace('"""', '\\"', $data[ $i ]);
+				// do we need to grab the column names?
+				if ($row === 1) {
+					if ($first_row_is_headers) {
+						// store the column names to use for keys
+						$column_name = $data[ $i ];
+						// check it's not blank... sometimes CSV editign programs adda bunch of empty columns onto the end...
+						if (! $column_name) {
+							continue;
+						}
+						$matches = array();
+						if ($model_name == EE_CSV::metadata_header) {
+							$headers[ $i ] = $column_name;
+						} else {
+							// now get the db table name from it (the part between square brackets)
+							$success = preg_match('~(.*)\[(.*)\]~', $column_name, $matches);
+							if (! $success) {
+								EE_Error::add_error(
+									sprintf(
+										esc_html__(
+											"The column titled %s is invalid for importing. It must be be in the format of 'Nice Name[model_field_name]' in row %s",
+											"event_espresso"
+										),
+										$column_name,
+										implode(",", $data)
+									),
+									__FILE__,
+									__FUNCTION__,
+									__LINE__
+								);
+								return false;
+							}
+							$headers[ $i ] = $matches[2];
+						}
+					} else {
+						// no column names means our final array will just use counters for keys
+						$model_entry[ $headers[ $i ] ] = $data[ $i ];
+						$headers[ $i ] = $i;
+					}
+					// and we need to store csv data
+				} else {
+					// this column isn' ta header, store it if there is a header for it
+					if (isset($headers[ $i ])) {
+						$model_entry[ $headers[ $i ] ] = $data[ $i ];
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			// save the row's data IF it's a non-header-row
+			if (! $first_row_is_headers || ($first_row_is_headers && $row > 1)) {
+				$ee_formatted_data[ $model_name ][] = $model_entry;
+			}
+			// advance to next row
+			$row++;
+		}
+
+		// delete the uploaded file
+		unlink($path_to_file);
+		// echo '<pre style="height:auto;border:2px solid lightblue;">' . print_r( $ee_formatted_data, TRUE ) . '</pre><br /><span style="font-size:10px;font-weight:normal;">' . __FILE__ . '<br />line no: ' . __LINE__ . '</span>';
+		// die();
+
+		// it's good to give back
+		return $ee_formatted_data;
+	}
+
+
+	public function save_csv_to_db($csv_data_array, $model_name = false)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			'save_csv_to_db',
+			esc_html__(
+				'Function moved to EE_Import and renamed to save_csv_data_array_to_db',
+				'event_espresso'
+			),
+			'4.6.7'
+		);
+		return EE_Import::instance()->save_csv_data_array_to_db($csv_data_array, $model_name);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sends HTTP headers to indicate that the browser should download a file,
+	 * and starts writing the file to PHP's output. Returns the file handle so other functions can
+	 * also write to it
+	 *
+	 * @param string $new_filename the name of the file that the user will download
+	 * @return resource, like the results of fopen(), which can be used for fwrite, fputcsv2, etc.
+	 */
+	public function begin_sending_csv($filename)
+	{
+		// grab file extension
+		$ext = substr(strrchr($filename, '.'), 1);
+		if ($ext == '.csv' or $ext == '.xls') {
+			str_replace($ext, '', $filename);
+		}
+		$filename .= '.csv';
+
+		// if somebody's been naughty and already started outputting stuff, trash it
+		// and start writing our stuff.
+		if (ob_get_length()) {
+			@ob_flush();
+			@flush();
+			@ob_end_flush();
+		}
+		@ob_start();
+		header("Pragma: public");
+		header("Expires: 0");
+		header("Pragma: no-cache");
+		header("Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
+		// header("Content-Type: application/force-download");
+		// header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");
+		// header("Content-Type: application/download");
+		header('Content-disposition: attachment; filename=' . $filename);
+		header("Content-Type: text/csv; charset=utf-8");
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_CSV__begin_sending_csv__headers');
+		echo apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_CSV__begin_sending_csv__start_writing',
+			"\xEF\xBB\xBF"
+		); // makes excel open it as UTF-8. UTF-8 BOM, see http://stackoverflow.com/a/4440143/2773835
+		$fh = fopen('php://output', 'w');
+		return $fh;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Writes some meta data to the CSV as a bunch of columns. Initially we're only
+	 * mentioning the version and timezone
+	 *
+	 * @param resource $filehandle
+	 */
+	public function write_metadata_to_csv($filehandle)
+	{
+		$data_row = array(EE_CSV::metadata_header);// do NOT translate because this exact string is used when importing
+		$this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $data_row);
+		$meta_data = array(
+			0 => array(
+				'version'        => espresso_version(),
+				'timezone'       => EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone(),
+				'time_of_export' => current_time('mysql'),
+				'site_url'       => site_url(),
+			),
+		);
+		$this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $meta_data);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Writes $data to the csv file open in $filehandle. uses the array indices of $data for column headers
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $data                 2D array, first numerically-indexed, and next-level-down preferably indexed
+	 *                                      by string
+	 * @param boolean $add_csv_column_names whether or not we should add the keys in the bottom-most array as a row for
+	 *                                      headers in the CSV. Eg, if $data looked like
+	 *                                      array(0=>array('EVT_ID'=>1,'EVT_name'=>'monkey'...), 1=>array(...),...))
+	 *                                      then the first row we'd write to the CSV would be "EVT_ID,EVT_name,..."
+	 * @return boolean if we successfully wrote to the CSV or not. If there's no $data, we consider that a success
+	 *                 (because we wrote everything there was...nothing)
+	 */
+	public function write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $data)
+	{
+
+
+		// determine if $data is actually a 2d array
+		if ($data && is_array($data) && is_array(EEH_Array::get_one_item_from_array($data))) {
+			// make sure top level is numerically indexed,
+
+			if (EEH_Array::is_associative_array($data)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"top-level array must be numerically indexed. Does these look like numbers to you? %s",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						implode(",", array_keys($data))
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$item_in_top_level_array = EEH_Array::get_one_item_from_array($data);
+			// now, is the last item in the top-level array of $data an associative or numeric array?
+			if (EEH_Array::is_associative_array($item_in_top_level_array)) {
+				// its associative, so we want to output its keys as column headers
+				$keys = array_keys($item_in_top_level_array);
+				$this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $keys);
+			}
+			// start writing data
+			foreach ($data as $data_row) {
+				$this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $data_row);
+			}
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			// no data TO write... so we can assume that's a success
+			return true;
+		}
+		// //if 2nd level is indexed by strings, use those as csv column headers (ie, the first row)
+		//
+		//
+		// $no_table = TRUE;
+		//
+		// // loop through data and add each row to the file/stream as csv
+		// foreach ( $data as $model_name => $model_data ) {
+		// // test first row to see if it is data or a model name
+		// $model = EE_Registry::instance();->load_model($model_name);
+		// //if the model really exists,
+		// if ( $model ) {
+		//
+		// // we have a table name
+		// $no_table = FALSE;
+		//
+		// // put the tablename into an array cuz that's how fputcsv rolls
+		// $model_name_row = array( 'MODEL', $model_name );
+		//
+		// // add table name to csv output
+		// echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $model_name_row);
+		//
+		// // now get the rest of the data
+		// foreach ( $model_data as $row ) {
+		// // output the row
+		// echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $row);
+		// }
+		//
+		// }
+		//
+		// if ( $no_table ) {
+		// // no table so just put the data
+		// echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $model_data);
+		// }
+		//
+		// } // END OF foreach ( $data )
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Should be called after begin_sending_csv(), and one or more write_data_array_to_csv()s.
+	 * Calls exit to prevent polluting the CSV file with other junk
+	 *
+	 * @param resource $fh filehandle where we're writing the CSV to
+	 */
+	public function end_sending_csv($fh)
+	{
+		fclose($fh);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Given an open file, writes all the model data to it in the format the importer expects.
+	 * Usually preceded by begin_sending_csv($filename), and followed by end_sending_csv($filehandle).
+	 *
+	 * @param resource $filehandle
+	 * @param array    $model_data_array is assumed to be a 3d array: 1st layer has keys of model names (eg 'Event'),
+	 *                                   next layer is numerically indexed to represent each model object (eg, each
+	 *                                   individual event), and the last layer has all the attributes o fthat model
+	 *                                   object (eg, the event's id, name, etc)
+	 * @return boolean success
+	 */
+	public function write_model_data_to_csv($filehandle, $model_data_array)
+	{
+		$this->write_metadata_to_csv($filehandle);
+		foreach ($model_data_array as $model_name => $model_instance_arrays) {
+			// first: output a special row stating the model
+			$this->fputcsv2($filehandle, array('MODEL', $model_name));
+			// if we have items to put in the CSV, do it normally
+
+			if (! empty($model_instance_arrays)) {
+				$this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $model_instance_arrays);
+			} else {
+				// echo "no data to write... so just write the headers";
+				// so there's actually NO model objects for that model.
+				// probably still want to show the columns
+				$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_name);
+				$column_names = array();
+				foreach ($model->field_settings() as $field) {
+					$column_names[ $field->get_nicename() . "[" . $field->get_name() . "]" ] = null;
+				}
+				$this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, array($column_names));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Writes the CSV file to the output buffer, with rows corresponding to $model_data_array,
+	 * and dies (in order to avoid other plugins from messing up the csv output)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $filename         the filename you want to give the file
+	 * @param array  $model_data_array 3d array, as described in EE_CSV::write_model_data_to_csv()
+	 * @return bool | void writes CSV file to output and dies
+	 */
+	public function export_multiple_model_data_to_csv($filename, $model_data_array)
+	{
+		$filehandle = $this->begin_sending_csv($filename);
+		$this->write_model_data_to_csv($filehandle, $model_data_array);
+		$this->end_sending_csv($filehandle);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Export contents of an array to csv file
+	 * @param array  $data     - the array of data to be converted to csv and exported
+	 * @param string $filename - name for newly created csv file
+	 * @return TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
+	 */
+	public function export_array_to_csv($data = false, $filename = false)
+	{
+
+		// no data file?? get outta here
+		if (! $data or ! is_array($data) or empty($data)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// no filename?? get outta here
+		if (! $filename) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+
+		// somebody told me i might need this ???
+		global $wpdb;
+		$prefix = $wpdb->prefix;
+
+
+		$fh = $this->begin_sending_csv($filename);
+
+
+		$this->end_sending_csv($fh);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine the maximum upload file size based on php.ini settings
+	 * @param int $percent_of_max - desired percentage of the max upload_mb
+	 * @return int KB
+	 */
+	public function get_max_upload_size($percent_of_max = false)
+	{
+
+		$max_upload = (int) (ini_get('upload_max_filesize'));
+		$max_post = (int) (ini_get('post_max_size'));
+		$memory_limit = (int) (ini_get('memory_limit'));
+
+		// determine the smallest of the three values from above
+		$upload_mb = min($max_upload, $max_post, $memory_limit);
+
+		// convert MB to KB
+		$upload_mb = $upload_mb * 1024;
+
+		// don't want the full monty? then reduce the max uplaod size
+		if ($percent_of_max) {
+			// is percent_of_max like this -> 50 or like this -> 0.50 ?
+			if ($percent_of_max > 1) {
+				// chnages 50 to 0.50
+				$percent_of_max = $percent_of_max / 100;
+			}
+			// make upload_mb a percentage of the max upload_mb
+			$upload_mb = $upload_mb * $percent_of_max;
+		}
+
+		return $upload_mb;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Drop   in replacement for PHP's fputcsv function - but this one works!!!
+	 * @param resource $fh         - file handle - what we are writing to
+	 * @param array    $row        - individual row of csv data
+	 * @param string   $delimiter  - csv delimiter
+	 * @param string   $enclosure  - csv enclosure
+	 * @param string   $mysql_null - allows php NULL to be overridden with MySQl's insertable NULL value
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	private function fputcsv2($fh, array $row, $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"', $mysql_null = false)
+	{
+		// Allow user to filter the csv delimiter and enclosure for other countries csv standards
+		$delimiter = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__fputcsv2__delimiter', $delimiter);
+		$enclosure = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__fputcsv2__enclosure', $enclosure);
+
+		$delimiter_esc = preg_quote($delimiter, '/');
+		$enclosure_esc = preg_quote($enclosure, '/');
+
+		$output = array();
+		foreach ($row as $field_value) {
+			if (is_object($field_value) || is_array($field_value)) {
+				$field_value = serialize($field_value);
+			}
+			if ($field_value === null && $mysql_null) {
+				$output[] = 'NULL';
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			$output[] = preg_match("/(?:${delimiter_esc}|${enclosure_esc}|\s)/", $field_value) ?
+				($enclosure . str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure . $enclosure, $field_value) . $enclosure)
+				: $field_value;
+		}
+
+		fwrite($fh, join($delimiter, $output) . PHP_EOL);
+	}
+
+
+	// /**
+	//  * CSV    Import / Export messages
+	//  * @return void
+	//  */
+	// public function csv_admin_notices()
+	// {
+	//
+	//     // We play both kinds of music here! Country AND Western! - err... I mean, cycle through both types of notices
+	//     foreach (array('updates', 'errors') as $type) {
+	//
+	//         // if particular notice type is not empty, then "You've got Mail"
+	//         if (! empty($this->_notices[ $type ])) {
+	//
+	//             // is it an update or an error ?
+	//             $msg_class = $type == 'updates' ? 'updated' : 'error';
+	//             echo '<div id="message" class="' . $msg_class . '">';
+	//             // display each notice, however many that may be
+	//             foreach ($this->_notices[ $type ] as $message) {
+	//                 echo '<p>' . $message . '</p>';
+	//             }
+	//             // wrap it up
+	//             echo '</div>';
+	//         }
+	//     }
+	// }
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the date format to use in teh csv. filterable
+	 *
+	 * @param string $current_format
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_date_format_for_csv($current_format = null)
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__get_date_format_for_csv__format', 'Y-m-d', $current_format);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the time format we want to use in CSV reports. Filterable
+	 *
+	 * @param string $current_format
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_time_format_for_csv($current_format = null)
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__get_time_format_for_csv__format', 'H:i:s', $current_format);
+	}
 }

core/EE_Capabilities.core.php

Indentation +1340 added lines, -1340 removed lines

@@ -14,967 +14,967 @@ 
  */
 final class EE_Capabilities extends EE_Base
 {
-    const ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR = 'administrator';
-
-    const ROLE_EVENTS_ADMINISTRATOR = 'ee_events_administrator';
-
-
-    /**
-     * the name of the wp option used to store caps previously initialized
-     */
-    const option_name = 'ee_caps_initialized';
-
-    private static ?EE_Capabilities $_instance = null;
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is a map of caps that correspond to a default WP_Role.
-     * Array is indexed by Role and values are ee capabilities.
-     *
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @var array
-     */
-    private array $capabilities_map = [];
-
-    /**
-     * This used to hold an array of EE_Meta_Capability_Map objects
-     * that define the granular capabilities mapped to for a user depending on context.
-     *
-     * @var EE_Meta_Capability_Map[]
-     */
-    private array $_meta_caps = [];
-
-    /**
-     * The internal $capabilities_map needs to be initialized before it can be used.
-     * This flag tracks whether that has happened or not.
-     * But for this to work, we need three states to indicate:
-     *      initialization has not occurred at all
-     *      initialization has started but is not complete
-     *      initialization is complete
-     * The reason this is needed is because the addCaps() method
-     * normally requires the $capabilities_map to be initialized,
-     * but is also used during the initialization process.
-     * So:
-     *      If initialized === null, init_caps() will be called before any other methods will run.
-     *      If initialized === false, then init_caps() is in the process of running it's logic.
-     *      If initialized === true, then init_caps() has completed the initialization process.
-     *
-     * @var boolean|null $initialized
-     */
-    private ?bool $initialized = null;
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean $reset
-     */
-    private bool $reset = false;
-
-
-    /**
-     * singleton method used to instantiate class object
-     *
-     * @return EE_Capabilities
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    public static function instance(): EE_Capabilities
-    {
-        // check if instantiated, and if not do so.
-        if (! self::$_instance instanceof EE_Capabilities) {
-            self::$_instance = new self();
-        }
-        return self::$_instance;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * private constructor
-     *
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    private function __construct()
-    {
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This delays the initialization of the capabilities class until EE_System core is loaded and ready.
-     *
-     * @param bool $reset allows for resetting the default capabilities saved on roles.  Note that this doesn't
-     *                    actually REMOVE any capabilities from existing roles, it just resaves defaults roles and
-     *                    ensures that they are up to date.
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function init_caps(?bool $reset = false): bool
-    {
-        if (DbStatus::isOffline()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        $this->reset = filter_var($reset, FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
-        // if reset, then completely delete the cache option and clear the $capabilities_map property.
-        if ($this->reset) {
-            $this->initialized      = null;
-            $this->capabilities_map = [];
-            delete_option(self::option_name);
-        }
-        if ($this->initialized === null) {
-            $this->initialized = false;
-            do_action(
-                'AHEE__EE_Capabilities__init_caps__before_initialization',
-                $this->reset
-            );
-            $this->addCaps($this->_init_caps_map());
-            $this->_set_meta_caps();
-            do_action(
-                'AHEE__EE_Capabilities__init_caps__after_initialization',
-                $this->capabilities_map
-            );
-            $this->initialized = true;
-        }
-        // reset $this->reset so that it's not stuck on true if init_caps() gets called again
-        $this->reset = false;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the meta caps property.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    private function _set_meta_caps()
-    {
-        // get default meta caps and filter the returned array
-        $this->_meta_caps = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Capabilities___set_meta_caps__meta_caps',
-            $this->_get_default_meta_caps_array()
-        );
-        // add filter for map_meta_caps but only if models can query.
-        if (! has_filter('map_meta_cap', [$this, 'map_meta_caps'])) {
-            add_filter('map_meta_cap', [$this, 'map_meta_caps'], 10, 4);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This builds and returns the default meta_caps array only once.
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @since  4.8.28.rc.012
-     */
-    private function _get_default_meta_caps_array(): array
-    {
-        static $default_meta_caps = [];
-        // make sure we're only ever initializing the default _meta_caps array once if it's empty.
-        if (empty($default_meta_caps)) {
-            $default_meta_caps = [
-                // edits
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
-                    'ee_edit_event',
-                    ['Event', 'ee_edit_published_events', 'ee_edit_others_events', 'ee_edit_private_events']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
-                    'ee_edit_venue',
-                    ['Venue', 'ee_edit_published_venues', 'ee_edit_others_venues', 'ee_edit_private_venues']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
-                    'ee_edit_registration',
-                    ['Registration', '', 'ee_edit_others_registrations', '']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
-                    'ee_edit_checkin',
-                    ['Registration', '', 'ee_edit_others_checkins', '']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Messages_Cap(
-                    'ee_edit_message',
-                    ['Message_Template_Group', '', 'ee_edit_others_messages', 'ee_edit_global_messages']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
-                    'ee_edit_default_ticket',
-                    ['Ticket', '', 'ee_edit_others_default_tickets', '']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Registration_Form_Cap(
-                    'ee_edit_question',
-                    ['Question', '', '', 'ee_edit_system_questions']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Registration_Form_Cap(
-                    'ee_edit_question_group',
-                    ['Question_Group', '', '', 'ee_edit_system_question_groups']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
-                    'ee_edit_payment_method',
-                    ['Payment_Method', '', 'ee_edit_others_payment_methods', '']
-                ),
-                // reads
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
-                    'ee_read_event',
-                    ['Event', '', 'ee_read_others_events', 'ee_read_private_events']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
-                    'ee_read_venue',
-                    ['Venue', '', 'ee_read_others_venues', 'ee_read_private_venues']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
-                    'ee_read_registration',
-                    ['Registration', '', 'ee_read_others_registrations', '']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
-                    'ee_read_checkin',
-                    ['Registration', '', 'ee_read_others_checkins', '']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Messages_Cap(
-                    'ee_read_message',
-                    ['Message_Template_Group', '', 'ee_read_others_messages', 'ee_read_global_messages']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
-                    'ee_read_default_ticket',
-                    ['Ticket', '', 'ee_read_others_default_tickets', '']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
-                    'ee_read_payment_method',
-                    ['Payment_Method', '', 'ee_read_others_payment_methods', '']
-                ),
-                // deletes
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
-                    'ee_delete_event',
-                    [
-                        'Event',
-                        'ee_delete_published_events',
-                        'ee_delete_others_events',
-                        'ee_delete_private_events',
-                    ]
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
-                    'ee_delete_venue',
-                    [
-                        'Venue',
-                        'ee_delete_published_venues',
-                        'ee_delete_others_venues',
-                        'ee_delete_private_venues',
-                    ]
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
-                    'ee_delete_registration',
-                    ['Registration', '', 'ee_delete_others_registrations', '']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
-                    'ee_delete_checkin',
-                    ['Registration', '', 'ee_delete_others_checkins', '']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Messages_Cap(
-                    'ee_delete_message',
-                    ['Message_Template_Group', '', 'ee_delete_others_messages', 'ee_delete_global_messages']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
-                    'ee_delete_default_ticket',
-                    ['Ticket', '', 'ee_delete_others_default_tickets', '']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Registration_Form_Cap(
-                    'ee_delete_question',
-                    ['Question', '', '', 'delete_system_questions']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Registration_Form_Cap(
-                    'ee_delete_question_group',
-                    ['Question_Group', '', '', 'delete_system_question_groups']
-                ),
-                new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
-                    'ee_delete_payment_method',
-                    ['Payment_Method', '', 'ee_delete_others_payment_methods', '']
-                ),
-            ];
-        }
-        return $default_meta_caps;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
-     * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
-     * The actual logic is carried out by implementer classes in their definition of _map_meta_caps.
-     *
-     * @param array       $caps    actual users capabilities
-     * @param string|null $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
-     * @param int         $user_id The user id
-     * @param array       $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
-     * @return array actual users capabilities
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
-     */
-    public function map_meta_caps(array $caps, ?string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
-    {
-        if (! $cap || ! did_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons__complete')) {
-            return $caps;
-        }
-        // loop through our _meta_caps array
-        foreach ($this->_meta_caps as $meta_map) {
-            if (! $meta_map instanceof EE_Meta_Capability_Map) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // don't load models if there is no object ID in the args
-            if (! empty($args[0])) {
-                $meta_map->ensure_is_model();
-            }
-            $caps = $meta_map->map_meta_caps($caps, $cap, $user_id, $args);
-        }
-        return $caps;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets up and returns the initial capabilities map for Event Espresso
-     * Note this array is filtered.
-     * It is assumed that all available EE capabilities are assigned to the administrator role.
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    private function _init_caps_map(): array
-    {
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__init_caps_map__caps',
-            [
-                EE_Capabilities::ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR        => [
-                    // basic access
-                    'ee_read_ee',
-                    // gateways
-                    // note that with payment method capabilities, although we've implemented
-                    // capability mapping which will be used for accessing payment methods owned by
-                    // other users.  This is not fully implemented yet in the payment method ui.
-                    // Currently only the "plural" caps are in active use.
-                    // (Specific payment method caps are in use as well).
-                    'ee_manage_gateways',
-                    'ee_read_payment_methods',
-                    'ee_read_others_payment_methods',
-                    'ee_edit_payment_methods',
-                    'ee_edit_others_payment_methods',
-                    'ee_delete_payment_methods',
-                    // events
-                    'ee_publish_events',
-                    'ee_read_private_events',
-                    'ee_read_others_events',
-                    'ee_read_events',
-                    'ee_edit_events',
-                    'ee_edit_published_events',
-                    'ee_edit_others_events',
-                    'ee_edit_private_events',
-                    'ee_delete_published_events',
-                    'ee_delete_private_events',
-                    'ee_delete_events',
-                    'ee_delete_others_events',
-                    // event categories
-                    'ee_manage_event_categories',
-                    'ee_edit_event_category',
-                    'ee_delete_event_category',
-                    'ee_assign_event_category',
-                    // venues
-                    'ee_publish_venues',
-                    'ee_read_venues',
-                    'ee_read_others_venues',
-                    'ee_read_private_venues',
-                    'ee_edit_venues',
-                    'ee_edit_others_venues',
-                    'ee_edit_published_venues',
-                    'ee_edit_private_venues',
-                    'ee_delete_venues',
-                    'ee_delete_others_venues',
-                    'ee_delete_private_venues',
-                    'ee_delete_published_venues',
-                    // venue categories
-                    'ee_manage_venue_categories',
-                    'ee_edit_venue_category',
-                    'ee_delete_venue_category',
-                    'ee_assign_venue_category',
-                    // contacts
-                    'ee_read_contacts',
-                    'ee_edit_contacts',
-                    'ee_delete_contacts',
-                    // registrations
-                    'ee_read_registrations',
-                    'ee_read_others_registrations',
-                    'ee_edit_registrations',
-                    'ee_edit_others_registrations',
-                    'ee_delete_registrations',
-                    'ee_delete_others_registrations',
-                    // checkins
-                    'ee_read_others_checkins',
-                    'ee_read_checkins',
-                    'ee_edit_checkins',
-                    'ee_edit_others_checkins',
-                    'ee_delete_checkins',
-                    'ee_delete_others_checkins',
-                    // transactions && payments
-                    'ee_read_transaction',
-                    'ee_read_transactions',
-                    'ee_edit_payments',
-                    'ee_delete_payments',
-                    // messages
-                    'ee_read_messages',
-                    'ee_read_others_messages',
-                    'ee_read_global_messages',
-                    'ee_edit_global_messages',
-                    'ee_edit_messages',
-                    'ee_edit_others_messages',
-                    'ee_delete_messages',
-                    'ee_delete_others_messages',
-                    'ee_delete_global_messages',
-                    'ee_send_message',
-                    // tickets
-                    'ee_read_default_tickets',
-                    'ee_read_others_default_tickets',
-                    'ee_edit_default_tickets',
-                    'ee_edit_others_default_tickets',
-                    'ee_delete_default_tickets',
-                    'ee_delete_others_default_tickets',
-                    // prices
-                    'ee_edit_default_price',
-                    'ee_edit_default_prices',
-                    'ee_delete_default_price',
-                    'ee_delete_default_prices',
-                    'ee_edit_default_price_type',
-                    'ee_edit_default_price_types',
-                    'ee_delete_default_price_type',
-                    'ee_delete_default_price_types',
-                    'ee_read_default_prices',
-                    'ee_read_default_price_types',
-                    // registration form
-                    'ee_edit_questions',
-                    'ee_edit_system_questions',
-                    'ee_read_questions',
-                    'ee_delete_questions',
-                    'ee_edit_question_groups',
-                    'ee_read_question_groups',
-                    'ee_edit_system_question_groups',
-                    'ee_delete_question_groups',
-                    // event_type taxonomy
-                    'ee_assign_event_type',
-                    'ee_manage_event_types',
-                    'ee_edit_event_type',
-                    'ee_delete_event_type',
-                ],
-                EE_Capabilities::ROLE_EVENTS_ADMINISTRATOR => [
-                    // core wp caps
-                    'read',
-                    'read_private_pages',
-                    'read_private_posts',
-                    'edit_users',
-                    'edit_posts',
-                    'edit_pages',
-                    'edit_published_posts',
-                    'edit_published_pages',
-                    'edit_private_pages',
-                    'edit_private_posts',
-                    'edit_others_posts',
-                    'edit_others_pages',
-                    'publish_posts',
-                    'publish_pages',
-                    'delete_posts',
-                    'delete_pages',
-                    'delete_private_pages',
-                    'delete_private_posts',
-                    'delete_published_pages',
-                    'delete_published_posts',
-                    'delete_others_posts',
-                    'delete_others_pages',
-                    'manage_categories',
-                    'manage_links',
-                    'moderate_comments',
-                    'unfiltered_html',
-                    'upload_files',
-                    'export',
-                    'import',
-                    'list_users',
-                    'level_1', // required if user with this role shows up in author dropdowns
-                    // basic ee access
-                    'ee_read_ee',
-                    // events
-                    'ee_publish_events',
-                    'ee_read_private_events',
-                    'ee_read_others_events',
-                    'ee_read_event',
-                    'ee_read_events',
-                    'ee_edit_event',
-                    'ee_edit_events',
-                    'ee_edit_published_events',
-                    'ee_edit_others_events',
-                    'ee_edit_private_events',
-                    'ee_delete_published_events',
-                    'ee_delete_private_events',
-                    'ee_delete_event',
-                    'ee_delete_events',
-                    'ee_delete_others_events',
-                    // event categories
-                    'ee_manage_event_categories',
-                    'ee_edit_event_category',
-                    'ee_delete_event_category',
-                    'ee_assign_event_category',
-                    // venues
-                    'ee_publish_venues',
-                    'ee_read_venue',
-                    'ee_read_venues',
-                    'ee_read_others_venues',
-                    'ee_read_private_venues',
-                    'ee_edit_venue',
-                    'ee_edit_venues',
-                    'ee_edit_others_venues',
-                    'ee_edit_published_venues',
-                    'ee_edit_private_venues',
-                    'ee_delete_venue',
-                    'ee_delete_venues',
-                    'ee_delete_others_venues',
-                    'ee_delete_private_venues',
-                    'ee_delete_published_venues',
-                    // venue categories
-                    'ee_manage_venue_categories',
-                    'ee_edit_venue_category',
-                    'ee_delete_venue_category',
-                    'ee_assign_venue_category',
-                    // contacts
-                    'ee_read_contacts',
-                    'ee_edit_contacts',
-                    'ee_delete_contacts',
-                    // registrations
-                    'ee_read_registrations',
-                    'ee_read_others_registrations',
-                    'ee_edit_registration',
-                    'ee_edit_registrations',
-                    'ee_edit_others_registrations',
-                    'ee_delete_registration',
-                    'ee_delete_registrations',
-                    'ee_delete_others_registrations',
-                    // checkins
-                    'ee_read_others_checkins',
-                    'ee_read_checkins',
-                    'ee_edit_checkins',
-                    'ee_edit_others_checkins',
-                    'ee_delete_checkins',
-                    'ee_delete_others_checkins',
-                    // transactions && payments
-                    'ee_read_transaction',
-                    'ee_read_transactions',
-                    'ee_edit_payments',
-                    'ee_delete_payments',
-                    // messages
-                    'ee_read_messages',
-                    'ee_read_others_messages',
-                    'ee_read_global_messages',
-                    'ee_edit_global_messages',
-                    'ee_edit_messages',
-                    'ee_edit_others_messages',
-                    'ee_delete_messages',
-                    'ee_delete_others_messages',
-                    'ee_delete_global_messages',
-                    'ee_send_message',
-                    // tickets
-                    'ee_read_default_tickets',
-                    'ee_read_others_default_tickets',
-                    'ee_edit_default_tickets',
-                    'ee_edit_others_default_tickets',
-                    'ee_delete_default_tickets',
-                    'ee_delete_others_default_tickets',
-                    // prices
-                    'ee_edit_default_price',
-                    'ee_edit_default_prices',
-                    'ee_delete_default_price',
-                    'ee_delete_default_prices',
-                    'ee_edit_default_price_type',
-                    'ee_edit_default_price_types',
-                    'ee_delete_default_price_type',
-                    'ee_delete_default_price_types',
-                    'ee_read_default_prices',
-                    'ee_read_default_price_types',
-                    // registration form
-                    'ee_edit_questions',
-                    'ee_edit_system_questions',
-                    'ee_read_questions',
-                    'ee_delete_questions',
-                    'ee_edit_question_groups',
-                    'ee_read_question_groups',
-                    'ee_edit_system_question_groups',
-                    'ee_delete_question_groups',
-                    // event_type taxonomy
-                    'ee_assign_event_type',
-                    'ee_manage_event_types',
-                    'ee_edit_event_type',
-                    'ee_delete_event_type',
-                ],
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function setupCapabilitiesMap(): bool
-    {
-        // if the initialization process hasn't even started, then we need to call init_caps()
-        if ($this->initialized === null) {
-            return $this->init_caps();
-        }
-        // unless resetting, get caps from db if we haven't already
-        $this->capabilities_map = $this->reset || ! empty($this->capabilities_map)
-            ? $this->capabilities_map
-            : get_option(self::option_name, []);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $update
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    private function updateCapabilitiesMap(bool $update = true): bool
-    {
-        return $update && update_option(self::option_name, $this->capabilities_map);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds capabilities to roles.
-     *
-     * @param array $capabilities_to_add array of capabilities to add, indexed by roles.
-     *                                   Note that this should ONLY be called on activation hook
-     *                                   otherwise the caps will be added on every request.
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @since 4.9.42
-     */
-    public function addCaps(array $capabilities_to_add): bool
-    {
-        // don't do anything if the capabilities map can not be initialized
-        if (! $this->setupCapabilitiesMap()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // and filter the array so others can get in on the fun during resets
-        $capabilities_to_add     = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__addCaps__capabilities_to_add',
-            $capabilities_to_add,
-            $this->reset,
-            $this->capabilities_map
-        );
-        $update_capabilities_map = false;
-        // if not reset, see what caps are new for each role. if they're new, add them.
-        foreach ($capabilities_to_add as $role => $caps_for_role) {
-            if (is_array($caps_for_role)) {
-                foreach ($caps_for_role as $cap) {
-                    if (
-                        ! $this->capHasBeenAddedToRole($role, $cap)
-                        && $this->add_cap_to_role($role, $cap, true, false)
-                    ) {
-                        $update_capabilities_map = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        // now let's just save the cap that has been set but only if there's been a change.
-        $updated = $this->updateCapabilitiesMap($update_capabilities_map);
-        $this->flushWpUser($updated);
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Capabilities__addCaps__complete', $this->capabilities_map, $updated);
-        return $updated;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Loops through the capabilities map and removes the role caps specified by the incoming array
-     *
-     * @param array $caps_map map of capabilities to be removed (indexed by roles)
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function removeCaps(array $caps_map): bool
-    {
-        // don't do anything if the capabilities map can not be initialized
-        if (! $this->setupCapabilitiesMap()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        $update_capabilities_map = false;
-        foreach ($caps_map as $role => $caps_for_role) {
-            if (is_array($caps_for_role)) {
-                foreach ($caps_for_role as $cap) {
-                    if (
-                        $this->capHasBeenAddedToRole($role, $cap)
-                        && $this->remove_cap_from_role($role, $cap, false)
-                    ) {
-                        $update_capabilities_map = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        // maybe resave the caps
-        $updated = $this->updateCapabilitiesMap($update_capabilities_map);
-        $this->flushWpUser($updated);
-        return $updated;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This ensures that the WP User object cached on the $current_user global in WP has the latest capabilities from
-     * the roles on that user.
-     *
-     * @param bool $flush Default is to flush the WP_User object.  If false, then this method effectively does nothing.
-     */
-    private function flushWpUser(bool $flush = true)
-    {
-        if ($flush) {
-            $user = wp_get_current_user();
-            if ($user instanceof WP_User) {
-                $user->get_role_caps();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method sets a capability on a role.  Note this should only be done on activation, or if you have something
-     * specific to prevent the cap from being added on every page load (adding caps are persistent to the db). Note.
-     * this is a wrapper for $wp_role->add_cap()
-     *
-     * @param string|WP_Role $role  A WordPress role the capability is being added to
-     * @param string         $cap   The capability being added to the role
-     * @param bool           $grant Whether to grant access to this cap on this role.
-     * @param bool           $update_capabilities_map
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    public function add_cap_to_role(
-        $role,
-        string $cap,
-        bool $grant = true,
-        bool $update_capabilities_map = true
-    ): bool {
-        // capture incoming value for $role because we may need it to create a new WP_Role
-        $orig_role = $role;
-        $role      = $role instanceof WP_Role ? $role : get_role($role);
-        // if the role isn't available then we create it.
-        if (! $role instanceof WP_Role) {
-            // if a plugin wants to create a specific role name then they should create the role before
-            // EE_Capabilities does.  Otherwise this function will create the role name from the slug:
-            // - removes any `ee_` namespacing from the start of the slug.
-            // - replaces `_` with ` ` (empty space).
-            // - sentence case on the resulting string.
-            $role_label = ucwords(str_replace(['ee_', '_'], ['', ' '], $orig_role));
-            $role       = add_role($orig_role, $role_label);
-        }
-        if ($role instanceof WP_Role) {
-            // don't do anything if the capabilities map can not be initialized
-            if (! $this->setupCapabilitiesMap()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (! $this->capHasBeenAddedToRole($role->name, $cap)) {
-                $role->add_cap($cap, $grant);
-                $this->capabilities_map[ $role->name ][] = $cap;
-                $this->updateCapabilitiesMap($update_capabilities_map);
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Functions similarly to add_cap_to_role except removes cap from given role.
-     * Wrapper for $wp_role->remove_cap()
-     *
-     * @param string|WP_Role $role A WordPress role the capability is being removed from.
-     * @param string         $cap  The capability being removed
-     * @param bool           $update_capabilities_map
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
-     */
-    public function remove_cap_from_role($role, string $cap, bool $update_capabilities_map = true): bool
-    {
-        // don't do anything if the capabilities map can not be initialized
-        if (! $this->setupCapabilitiesMap()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        $role = $role instanceof WP_Role ? $role : get_role($role);
-        if ($role instanceof WP_Role && $index = $this->capHasBeenAddedToRole($role->name, $cap, true)) {
-            $role->remove_cap($cap);
-            unset($this->capabilities_map[ $role->name ][ $index ]);
-            $this->updateCapabilitiesMap($update_capabilities_map);
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $role_name
-     * @param string $cap
-     * @param bool   $get_index
-     * @return bool|int|string
-     */
-    private function capHasBeenAddedToRole(string $role_name = '', string $cap = '', bool $get_index = false)
-    {
-        if (
-            isset($this->capabilities_map[ $role_name ])
-            && ($index = array_search($cap, $this->capabilities_map[ $role_name ], true)) !== false
-        ) {
-            return $get_index ? $index : true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the native WP current_user_can() method.
-     * This is provided as a handy method for a couple things:
-     * 1. Using the context string it allows for targeted filtering by addons for a specific check (without having to
-     * write those filters wherever current_user_can is called).
-     * 2. Explicit passing of $id from a given context ( useful in the cases of map_meta_cap filters )
-     *
-     * @param string     $cap     The cap being checked.
-     * @param string     $context The context where the current_user_can is being called from.
-     * @param int|string $id      [optional] ID for entity where current_user_can() is being called from
-     *                            (used in map_meta_cap() filters).
-     * @return bool  Whether user can or not.
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    public function current_user_can(string $cap, string $context, $id = 0): bool
-    {
-        // apply filters (both a global on just the cap, and context specific.  Global overrides context specific)
-        $filtered_cap = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__current_user_can__cap',
-            apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Capabilities__current_user_can__cap__' . $context, $cap, $id),
-            $context,
-            $cap,
-            $id
-        );
-        return ! empty($id) ? current_user_can($filtered_cap, $id) : current_user_can($filtered_cap);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is a wrapper for the WP user_can() function and follows the same style as the other wrappers in this class.
-     *
-     * @param int|WP_User $user    Either the user_id or a WP_User object
-     * @param string      $cap     The capability string being checked
-     * @param string      $context The context where the user_can is being called from (used in filters).
-     * @param int         $id      Optional. Id for item where user_can is being called from ( used in map_meta_cap()
-     *                             filters)
-     * @return bool Whether user can or not.
-     */
-    public function user_can($user, string $cap, string $context, int $id = 0): bool
-    {
-        // apply filters (both a global on just the cap, and context specific.  Global overrides context specific)
-        $filtered_cap = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Capabilities__user_can__cap__' . $context, $cap, $user, $id);
-        $filtered_cap = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__user_can__cap',
-            $filtered_cap,
-            $context,
-            $cap,
-            $user,
-            $id
-        );
-        return ! empty($id) ? user_can($user, $filtered_cap, $id) : user_can($user, $filtered_cap);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the native WP current_user_can_for_blog() method.
-     * This is provided as a handy method for a couple things:
-     * 1. Using the context string it allows for targeted filtering by addons for a specific check (without having to
-     * write those filters wherever current_user_can is called).
-     * 2. Explicit passing of $id from a given context ( useful in the cases of map_meta_cap filters )
-     *
-     * @param int    $blog_id The blog id that is being checked for.
-     * @param string $cap     The cap being checked.
-     * @param string $context The context where the current_user_can is being called from.
-     * @param int    $id      Optional. Id for item where current_user_can is being called from (used in map_meta_cap()
-     *                        filters.
-     * @return bool  Whether user can or not.
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    public function current_user_can_for_blog(int $blog_id, string $cap, string $context, int $id = 0): bool
-    {
-        $user_can = ! empty($id) ? current_user_can_for_blog($blog_id, $cap, $id) : current_user_can($blog_id, $cap);
-        // apply filters (both a global on just the cap, and context specific.  Global overrides context specific)
-        $user_can = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__current_user_can_for_blog__user_can__' . $context,
-            $user_can,
-            $blog_id,
-            $cap,
-            $id
-        );
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__current_user_can_for_blog__user_can',
-            $user_can,
-            $context,
-            $blog_id,
-            $cap,
-            $id
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This helper method just returns an array of registered EE capabilities.
-     *
-     * @param string|null $role If empty then the entire role/capability map is returned.
-     *                          Otherwise just the capabilities for the given role are returned.
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    public function get_ee_capabilities(?string $role = EE_Capabilities::ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR): array
-    {
-        if (! $this->initialized) {
-            $this->init_caps();
-        }
-        if ($role === '') {
-            return $this->capabilities_map;
-        }
-        return $this->capabilities_map[ $role ] ?? [];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool  $reset      If you need to reset Event Espresso's capabilities,
-     *                          then please use the init_caps() method with the "$reset" parameter set to "true"
-     * @param array $caps_map   Optional.
-     *                          Can be used to send a custom map of roles and capabilities for setting them up.
-     *                          Note that this should ONLY be called on activation hook or some other one-time
-     *                          task otherwise the caps will be added on every request.
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @deprecated 4.9.42
-     */
-    public function init_role_caps(bool $reset = false, array $caps_map = [])
-    {
-        // If this method is called directly and reset is set as 'true',
-        // then display a doing it wrong notice, because we want resets to go through init_caps()
-        // to guarantee that everything is set up correctly.
-        // This prevents the capabilities map getting reset incorrectly by direct calls to this method.
-        if ($reset) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-                __METHOD__,
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The "%1$s" parameter for the "%2$s" method is deprecated. If you need to reset Event Espresso\'s capabilities, then please use the "%3$s" method with the "%1$s" parameter set to "%4$s".',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    '$reset',
-                    __METHOD__ . '()',
-                    'EE_Capabilities::init_caps()',
-                    'true'
-                ),
-                '4.9.42',
-                '5.0.0'
-            );
-        }
-        $this->addCaps($caps_map);
-    }
+	const ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR = 'administrator';
+
+	const ROLE_EVENTS_ADMINISTRATOR = 'ee_events_administrator';
+
+
+	/**
+	 * the name of the wp option used to store caps previously initialized
+	 */
+	const option_name = 'ee_caps_initialized';
+
+	private static ?EE_Capabilities $_instance = null;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a map of caps that correspond to a default WP_Role.
+	 * Array is indexed by Role and values are ee capabilities.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	private array $capabilities_map = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * This used to hold an array of EE_Meta_Capability_Map objects
+	 * that define the granular capabilities mapped to for a user depending on context.
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Meta_Capability_Map[]
+	 */
+	private array $_meta_caps = [];
+
+	/**
+	 * The internal $capabilities_map needs to be initialized before it can be used.
+	 * This flag tracks whether that has happened or not.
+	 * But for this to work, we need three states to indicate:
+	 *      initialization has not occurred at all
+	 *      initialization has started but is not complete
+	 *      initialization is complete
+	 * The reason this is needed is because the addCaps() method
+	 * normally requires the $capabilities_map to be initialized,
+	 * but is also used during the initialization process.
+	 * So:
+	 *      If initialized === null, init_caps() will be called before any other methods will run.
+	 *      If initialized === false, then init_caps() is in the process of running it's logic.
+	 *      If initialized === true, then init_caps() has completed the initialization process.
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean|null $initialized
+	 */
+	private ?bool $initialized = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean $reset
+	 */
+	private bool $reset = false;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * singleton method used to instantiate class object
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Capabilities
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	public static function instance(): EE_Capabilities
+	{
+		// check if instantiated, and if not do so.
+		if (! self::$_instance instanceof EE_Capabilities) {
+			self::$_instance = new self();
+		}
+		return self::$_instance;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * private constructor
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	private function __construct()
+	{
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This delays the initialization of the capabilities class until EE_System core is loaded and ready.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $reset allows for resetting the default capabilities saved on roles.  Note that this doesn't
+	 *                    actually REMOVE any capabilities from existing roles, it just resaves defaults roles and
+	 *                    ensures that they are up to date.
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function init_caps(?bool $reset = false): bool
+	{
+		if (DbStatus::isOffline()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$this->reset = filter_var($reset, FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
+		// if reset, then completely delete the cache option and clear the $capabilities_map property.
+		if ($this->reset) {
+			$this->initialized      = null;
+			$this->capabilities_map = [];
+			delete_option(self::option_name);
+		}
+		if ($this->initialized === null) {
+			$this->initialized = false;
+			do_action(
+				'AHEE__EE_Capabilities__init_caps__before_initialization',
+				$this->reset
+			);
+			$this->addCaps($this->_init_caps_map());
+			$this->_set_meta_caps();
+			do_action(
+				'AHEE__EE_Capabilities__init_caps__after_initialization',
+				$this->capabilities_map
+			);
+			$this->initialized = true;
+		}
+		// reset $this->reset so that it's not stuck on true if init_caps() gets called again
+		$this->reset = false;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the meta caps property.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	private function _set_meta_caps()
+	{
+		// get default meta caps and filter the returned array
+		$this->_meta_caps = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Capabilities___set_meta_caps__meta_caps',
+			$this->_get_default_meta_caps_array()
+		);
+		// add filter for map_meta_caps but only if models can query.
+		if (! has_filter('map_meta_cap', [$this, 'map_meta_caps'])) {
+			add_filter('map_meta_cap', [$this, 'map_meta_caps'], 10, 4);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This builds and returns the default meta_caps array only once.
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @since  4.8.28.rc.012
+	 */
+	private function _get_default_meta_caps_array(): array
+	{
+		static $default_meta_caps = [];
+		// make sure we're only ever initializing the default _meta_caps array once if it's empty.
+		if (empty($default_meta_caps)) {
+			$default_meta_caps = [
+				// edits
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
+					'ee_edit_event',
+					['Event', 'ee_edit_published_events', 'ee_edit_others_events', 'ee_edit_private_events']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
+					'ee_edit_venue',
+					['Venue', 'ee_edit_published_venues', 'ee_edit_others_venues', 'ee_edit_private_venues']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
+					'ee_edit_registration',
+					['Registration', '', 'ee_edit_others_registrations', '']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
+					'ee_edit_checkin',
+					['Registration', '', 'ee_edit_others_checkins', '']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Messages_Cap(
+					'ee_edit_message',
+					['Message_Template_Group', '', 'ee_edit_others_messages', 'ee_edit_global_messages']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
+					'ee_edit_default_ticket',
+					['Ticket', '', 'ee_edit_others_default_tickets', '']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Registration_Form_Cap(
+					'ee_edit_question',
+					['Question', '', '', 'ee_edit_system_questions']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Registration_Form_Cap(
+					'ee_edit_question_group',
+					['Question_Group', '', '', 'ee_edit_system_question_groups']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit(
+					'ee_edit_payment_method',
+					['Payment_Method', '', 'ee_edit_others_payment_methods', '']
+				),
+				// reads
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
+					'ee_read_event',
+					['Event', '', 'ee_read_others_events', 'ee_read_private_events']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
+					'ee_read_venue',
+					['Venue', '', 'ee_read_others_venues', 'ee_read_private_venues']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
+					'ee_read_registration',
+					['Registration', '', 'ee_read_others_registrations', '']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
+					'ee_read_checkin',
+					['Registration', '', 'ee_read_others_checkins', '']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Messages_Cap(
+					'ee_read_message',
+					['Message_Template_Group', '', 'ee_read_others_messages', 'ee_read_global_messages']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
+					'ee_read_default_ticket',
+					['Ticket', '', 'ee_read_others_default_tickets', '']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read(
+					'ee_read_payment_method',
+					['Payment_Method', '', 'ee_read_others_payment_methods', '']
+				),
+				// deletes
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
+					'ee_delete_event',
+					[
+						'Event',
+						'ee_delete_published_events',
+						'ee_delete_others_events',
+						'ee_delete_private_events',
+					]
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
+					'ee_delete_venue',
+					[
+						'Venue',
+						'ee_delete_published_venues',
+						'ee_delete_others_venues',
+						'ee_delete_private_venues',
+					]
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
+					'ee_delete_registration',
+					['Registration', '', 'ee_delete_others_registrations', '']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
+					'ee_delete_checkin',
+					['Registration', '', 'ee_delete_others_checkins', '']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Messages_Cap(
+					'ee_delete_message',
+					['Message_Template_Group', '', 'ee_delete_others_messages', 'ee_delete_global_messages']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
+					'ee_delete_default_ticket',
+					['Ticket', '', 'ee_delete_others_default_tickets', '']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Registration_Form_Cap(
+					'ee_delete_question',
+					['Question', '', '', 'delete_system_questions']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Registration_Form_Cap(
+					'ee_delete_question_group',
+					['Question_Group', '', '', 'delete_system_question_groups']
+				),
+				new EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete(
+					'ee_delete_payment_method',
+					['Payment_Method', '', 'ee_delete_others_payment_methods', '']
+				),
+			];
+		}
+		return $default_meta_caps;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
+	 * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
+	 * The actual logic is carried out by implementer classes in their definition of _map_meta_caps.
+	 *
+	 * @param array       $caps    actual users capabilities
+	 * @param string|null $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
+	 * @param int         $user_id The user id
+	 * @param array       $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
+	 * @return array actual users capabilities
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
+	 */
+	public function map_meta_caps(array $caps, ?string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
+	{
+		if (! $cap || ! did_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons__complete')) {
+			return $caps;
+		}
+		// loop through our _meta_caps array
+		foreach ($this->_meta_caps as $meta_map) {
+			if (! $meta_map instanceof EE_Meta_Capability_Map) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			// don't load models if there is no object ID in the args
+			if (! empty($args[0])) {
+				$meta_map->ensure_is_model();
+			}
+			$caps = $meta_map->map_meta_caps($caps, $cap, $user_id, $args);
+		}
+		return $caps;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets up and returns the initial capabilities map for Event Espresso
+	 * Note this array is filtered.
+	 * It is assumed that all available EE capabilities are assigned to the administrator role.
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	private function _init_caps_map(): array
+	{
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__init_caps_map__caps',
+			[
+				EE_Capabilities::ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR        => [
+					// basic access
+					'ee_read_ee',
+					// gateways
+					// note that with payment method capabilities, although we've implemented
+					// capability mapping which will be used for accessing payment methods owned by
+					// other users.  This is not fully implemented yet in the payment method ui.
+					// Currently only the "plural" caps are in active use.
+					// (Specific payment method caps are in use as well).
+					'ee_manage_gateways',
+					'ee_read_payment_methods',
+					'ee_read_others_payment_methods',
+					'ee_edit_payment_methods',
+					'ee_edit_others_payment_methods',
+					'ee_delete_payment_methods',
+					// events
+					'ee_publish_events',
+					'ee_read_private_events',
+					'ee_read_others_events',
+					'ee_read_events',
+					'ee_edit_events',
+					'ee_edit_published_events',
+					'ee_edit_others_events',
+					'ee_edit_private_events',
+					'ee_delete_published_events',
+					'ee_delete_private_events',
+					'ee_delete_events',
+					'ee_delete_others_events',
+					// event categories
+					'ee_manage_event_categories',
+					'ee_edit_event_category',
+					'ee_delete_event_category',
+					'ee_assign_event_category',
+					// venues
+					'ee_publish_venues',
+					'ee_read_venues',
+					'ee_read_others_venues',
+					'ee_read_private_venues',
+					'ee_edit_venues',
+					'ee_edit_others_venues',
+					'ee_edit_published_venues',
+					'ee_edit_private_venues',
+					'ee_delete_venues',
+					'ee_delete_others_venues',
+					'ee_delete_private_venues',
+					'ee_delete_published_venues',
+					// venue categories
+					'ee_manage_venue_categories',
+					'ee_edit_venue_category',
+					'ee_delete_venue_category',
+					'ee_assign_venue_category',
+					// contacts
+					'ee_read_contacts',
+					'ee_edit_contacts',
+					'ee_delete_contacts',
+					// registrations
+					'ee_read_registrations',
+					'ee_read_others_registrations',
+					'ee_edit_registrations',
+					'ee_edit_others_registrations',
+					'ee_delete_registrations',
+					'ee_delete_others_registrations',
+					// checkins
+					'ee_read_others_checkins',
+					'ee_read_checkins',
+					'ee_edit_checkins',
+					'ee_edit_others_checkins',
+					'ee_delete_checkins',
+					'ee_delete_others_checkins',
+					// transactions && payments
+					'ee_read_transaction',
+					'ee_read_transactions',
+					'ee_edit_payments',
+					'ee_delete_payments',
+					// messages
+					'ee_read_messages',
+					'ee_read_others_messages',
+					'ee_read_global_messages',
+					'ee_edit_global_messages',
+					'ee_edit_messages',
+					'ee_edit_others_messages',
+					'ee_delete_messages',
+					'ee_delete_others_messages',
+					'ee_delete_global_messages',
+					'ee_send_message',
+					// tickets
+					'ee_read_default_tickets',
+					'ee_read_others_default_tickets',
+					'ee_edit_default_tickets',
+					'ee_edit_others_default_tickets',
+					'ee_delete_default_tickets',
+					'ee_delete_others_default_tickets',
+					// prices
+					'ee_edit_default_price',
+					'ee_edit_default_prices',
+					'ee_delete_default_price',
+					'ee_delete_default_prices',
+					'ee_edit_default_price_type',
+					'ee_edit_default_price_types',
+					'ee_delete_default_price_type',
+					'ee_delete_default_price_types',
+					'ee_read_default_prices',
+					'ee_read_default_price_types',
+					// registration form
+					'ee_edit_questions',
+					'ee_edit_system_questions',
+					'ee_read_questions',
+					'ee_delete_questions',
+					'ee_edit_question_groups',
+					'ee_read_question_groups',
+					'ee_edit_system_question_groups',
+					'ee_delete_question_groups',
+					// event_type taxonomy
+					'ee_assign_event_type',
+					'ee_manage_event_types',
+					'ee_edit_event_type',
+					'ee_delete_event_type',
+				],
+				EE_Capabilities::ROLE_EVENTS_ADMINISTRATOR => [
+					// core wp caps
+					'read',
+					'read_private_pages',
+					'read_private_posts',
+					'edit_users',
+					'edit_posts',
+					'edit_pages',
+					'edit_published_posts',
+					'edit_published_pages',
+					'edit_private_pages',
+					'edit_private_posts',
+					'edit_others_posts',
+					'edit_others_pages',
+					'publish_posts',
+					'publish_pages',
+					'delete_posts',
+					'delete_pages',
+					'delete_private_pages',
+					'delete_private_posts',
+					'delete_published_pages',
+					'delete_published_posts',
+					'delete_others_posts',
+					'delete_others_pages',
+					'manage_categories',
+					'manage_links',
+					'moderate_comments',
+					'unfiltered_html',
+					'upload_files',
+					'export',
+					'import',
+					'list_users',
+					'level_1', // required if user with this role shows up in author dropdowns
+					// basic ee access
+					'ee_read_ee',
+					// events
+					'ee_publish_events',
+					'ee_read_private_events',
+					'ee_read_others_events',
+					'ee_read_event',
+					'ee_read_events',
+					'ee_edit_event',
+					'ee_edit_events',
+					'ee_edit_published_events',
+					'ee_edit_others_events',
+					'ee_edit_private_events',
+					'ee_delete_published_events',
+					'ee_delete_private_events',
+					'ee_delete_event',
+					'ee_delete_events',
+					'ee_delete_others_events',
+					// event categories
+					'ee_manage_event_categories',
+					'ee_edit_event_category',
+					'ee_delete_event_category',
+					'ee_assign_event_category',
+					// venues
+					'ee_publish_venues',
+					'ee_read_venue',
+					'ee_read_venues',
+					'ee_read_others_venues',
+					'ee_read_private_venues',
+					'ee_edit_venue',
+					'ee_edit_venues',
+					'ee_edit_others_venues',
+					'ee_edit_published_venues',
+					'ee_edit_private_venues',
+					'ee_delete_venue',
+					'ee_delete_venues',
+					'ee_delete_others_venues',
+					'ee_delete_private_venues',
+					'ee_delete_published_venues',
+					// venue categories
+					'ee_manage_venue_categories',
+					'ee_edit_venue_category',
+					'ee_delete_venue_category',
+					'ee_assign_venue_category',
+					// contacts
+					'ee_read_contacts',
+					'ee_edit_contacts',
+					'ee_delete_contacts',
+					// registrations
+					'ee_read_registrations',
+					'ee_read_others_registrations',
+					'ee_edit_registration',
+					'ee_edit_registrations',
+					'ee_edit_others_registrations',
+					'ee_delete_registration',
+					'ee_delete_registrations',
+					'ee_delete_others_registrations',
+					// checkins
+					'ee_read_others_checkins',
+					'ee_read_checkins',
+					'ee_edit_checkins',
+					'ee_edit_others_checkins',
+					'ee_delete_checkins',
+					'ee_delete_others_checkins',
+					// transactions && payments
+					'ee_read_transaction',
+					'ee_read_transactions',
+					'ee_edit_payments',
+					'ee_delete_payments',
+					// messages
+					'ee_read_messages',
+					'ee_read_others_messages',
+					'ee_read_global_messages',
+					'ee_edit_global_messages',
+					'ee_edit_messages',
+					'ee_edit_others_messages',
+					'ee_delete_messages',
+					'ee_delete_others_messages',
+					'ee_delete_global_messages',
+					'ee_send_message',
+					// tickets
+					'ee_read_default_tickets',
+					'ee_read_others_default_tickets',
+					'ee_edit_default_tickets',
+					'ee_edit_others_default_tickets',
+					'ee_delete_default_tickets',
+					'ee_delete_others_default_tickets',
+					// prices
+					'ee_edit_default_price',
+					'ee_edit_default_prices',
+					'ee_delete_default_price',
+					'ee_delete_default_prices',
+					'ee_edit_default_price_type',
+					'ee_edit_default_price_types',
+					'ee_delete_default_price_type',
+					'ee_delete_default_price_types',
+					'ee_read_default_prices',
+					'ee_read_default_price_types',
+					// registration form
+					'ee_edit_questions',
+					'ee_edit_system_questions',
+					'ee_read_questions',
+					'ee_delete_questions',
+					'ee_edit_question_groups',
+					'ee_read_question_groups',
+					'ee_edit_system_question_groups',
+					'ee_delete_question_groups',
+					// event_type taxonomy
+					'ee_assign_event_type',
+					'ee_manage_event_types',
+					'ee_edit_event_type',
+					'ee_delete_event_type',
+				],
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function setupCapabilitiesMap(): bool
+	{
+		// if the initialization process hasn't even started, then we need to call init_caps()
+		if ($this->initialized === null) {
+			return $this->init_caps();
+		}
+		// unless resetting, get caps from db if we haven't already
+		$this->capabilities_map = $this->reset || ! empty($this->capabilities_map)
+			? $this->capabilities_map
+			: get_option(self::option_name, []);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $update
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	private function updateCapabilitiesMap(bool $update = true): bool
+	{
+		return $update && update_option(self::option_name, $this->capabilities_map);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds capabilities to roles.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $capabilities_to_add array of capabilities to add, indexed by roles.
+	 *                                   Note that this should ONLY be called on activation hook
+	 *                                   otherwise the caps will be added on every request.
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @since 4.9.42
+	 */
+	public function addCaps(array $capabilities_to_add): bool
+	{
+		// don't do anything if the capabilities map can not be initialized
+		if (! $this->setupCapabilitiesMap()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// and filter the array so others can get in on the fun during resets
+		$capabilities_to_add     = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__addCaps__capabilities_to_add',
+			$capabilities_to_add,
+			$this->reset,
+			$this->capabilities_map
+		);
+		$update_capabilities_map = false;
+		// if not reset, see what caps are new for each role. if they're new, add them.
+		foreach ($capabilities_to_add as $role => $caps_for_role) {
+			if (is_array($caps_for_role)) {
+				foreach ($caps_for_role as $cap) {
+					if (
+						! $this->capHasBeenAddedToRole($role, $cap)
+						&& $this->add_cap_to_role($role, $cap, true, false)
+					) {
+						$update_capabilities_map = true;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// now let's just save the cap that has been set but only if there's been a change.
+		$updated = $this->updateCapabilitiesMap($update_capabilities_map);
+		$this->flushWpUser($updated);
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Capabilities__addCaps__complete', $this->capabilities_map, $updated);
+		return $updated;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Loops through the capabilities map and removes the role caps specified by the incoming array
+	 *
+	 * @param array $caps_map map of capabilities to be removed (indexed by roles)
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function removeCaps(array $caps_map): bool
+	{
+		// don't do anything if the capabilities map can not be initialized
+		if (! $this->setupCapabilitiesMap()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$update_capabilities_map = false;
+		foreach ($caps_map as $role => $caps_for_role) {
+			if (is_array($caps_for_role)) {
+				foreach ($caps_for_role as $cap) {
+					if (
+						$this->capHasBeenAddedToRole($role, $cap)
+						&& $this->remove_cap_from_role($role, $cap, false)
+					) {
+						$update_capabilities_map = true;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// maybe resave the caps
+		$updated = $this->updateCapabilitiesMap($update_capabilities_map);
+		$this->flushWpUser($updated);
+		return $updated;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This ensures that the WP User object cached on the $current_user global in WP has the latest capabilities from
+	 * the roles on that user.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $flush Default is to flush the WP_User object.  If false, then this method effectively does nothing.
+	 */
+	private function flushWpUser(bool $flush = true)
+	{
+		if ($flush) {
+			$user = wp_get_current_user();
+			if ($user instanceof WP_User) {
+				$user->get_role_caps();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method sets a capability on a role.  Note this should only be done on activation, or if you have something
+	 * specific to prevent the cap from being added on every page load (adding caps are persistent to the db). Note.
+	 * this is a wrapper for $wp_role->add_cap()
+	 *
+	 * @param string|WP_Role $role  A WordPress role the capability is being added to
+	 * @param string         $cap   The capability being added to the role
+	 * @param bool           $grant Whether to grant access to this cap on this role.
+	 * @param bool           $update_capabilities_map
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	public function add_cap_to_role(
+		$role,
+		string $cap,
+		bool $grant = true,
+		bool $update_capabilities_map = true
+	): bool {
+		// capture incoming value for $role because we may need it to create a new WP_Role
+		$orig_role = $role;
+		$role      = $role instanceof WP_Role ? $role : get_role($role);
+		// if the role isn't available then we create it.
+		if (! $role instanceof WP_Role) {
+			// if a plugin wants to create a specific role name then they should create the role before
+			// EE_Capabilities does.  Otherwise this function will create the role name from the slug:
+			// - removes any `ee_` namespacing from the start of the slug.
+			// - replaces `_` with ` ` (empty space).
+			// - sentence case on the resulting string.
+			$role_label = ucwords(str_replace(['ee_', '_'], ['', ' '], $orig_role));
+			$role       = add_role($orig_role, $role_label);
+		}
+		if ($role instanceof WP_Role) {
+			// don't do anything if the capabilities map can not be initialized
+			if (! $this->setupCapabilitiesMap()) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			if (! $this->capHasBeenAddedToRole($role->name, $cap)) {
+				$role->add_cap($cap, $grant);
+				$this->capabilities_map[ $role->name ][] = $cap;
+				$this->updateCapabilitiesMap($update_capabilities_map);
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Functions similarly to add_cap_to_role except removes cap from given role.
+	 * Wrapper for $wp_role->remove_cap()
+	 *
+	 * @param string|WP_Role $role A WordPress role the capability is being removed from.
+	 * @param string         $cap  The capability being removed
+	 * @param bool           $update_capabilities_map
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
+	 */
+	public function remove_cap_from_role($role, string $cap, bool $update_capabilities_map = true): bool
+	{
+		// don't do anything if the capabilities map can not be initialized
+		if (! $this->setupCapabilitiesMap()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		$role = $role instanceof WP_Role ? $role : get_role($role);
+		if ($role instanceof WP_Role && $index = $this->capHasBeenAddedToRole($role->name, $cap, true)) {
+			$role->remove_cap($cap);
+			unset($this->capabilities_map[ $role->name ][ $index ]);
+			$this->updateCapabilitiesMap($update_capabilities_map);
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $role_name
+	 * @param string $cap
+	 * @param bool   $get_index
+	 * @return bool|int|string
+	 */
+	private function capHasBeenAddedToRole(string $role_name = '', string $cap = '', bool $get_index = false)
+	{
+		if (
+			isset($this->capabilities_map[ $role_name ])
+			&& ($index = array_search($cap, $this->capabilities_map[ $role_name ], true)) !== false
+		) {
+			return $get_index ? $index : true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Wrapper for the native WP current_user_can() method.
+	 * This is provided as a handy method for a couple things:
+	 * 1. Using the context string it allows for targeted filtering by addons for a specific check (without having to
+	 * write those filters wherever current_user_can is called).
+	 * 2. Explicit passing of $id from a given context ( useful in the cases of map_meta_cap filters )
+	 *
+	 * @param string     $cap     The cap being checked.
+	 * @param string     $context The context where the current_user_can is being called from.
+	 * @param int|string $id      [optional] ID for entity where current_user_can() is being called from
+	 *                            (used in map_meta_cap() filters).
+	 * @return bool  Whether user can or not.
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	public function current_user_can(string $cap, string $context, $id = 0): bool
+	{
+		// apply filters (both a global on just the cap, and context specific.  Global overrides context specific)
+		$filtered_cap = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__current_user_can__cap',
+			apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Capabilities__current_user_can__cap__' . $context, $cap, $id),
+			$context,
+			$cap,
+			$id
+		);
+		return ! empty($id) ? current_user_can($filtered_cap, $id) : current_user_can($filtered_cap);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a wrapper for the WP user_can() function and follows the same style as the other wrappers in this class.
+	 *
+	 * @param int|WP_User $user    Either the user_id or a WP_User object
+	 * @param string      $cap     The capability string being checked
+	 * @param string      $context The context where the user_can is being called from (used in filters).
+	 * @param int         $id      Optional. Id for item where user_can is being called from ( used in map_meta_cap()
+	 *                             filters)
+	 * @return bool Whether user can or not.
+	 */
+	public function user_can($user, string $cap, string $context, int $id = 0): bool
+	{
+		// apply filters (both a global on just the cap, and context specific.  Global overrides context specific)
+		$filtered_cap = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Capabilities__user_can__cap__' . $context, $cap, $user, $id);
+		$filtered_cap = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__user_can__cap',
+			$filtered_cap,
+			$context,
+			$cap,
+			$user,
+			$id
+		);
+		return ! empty($id) ? user_can($user, $filtered_cap, $id) : user_can($user, $filtered_cap);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Wrapper for the native WP current_user_can_for_blog() method.
+	 * This is provided as a handy method for a couple things:
+	 * 1. Using the context string it allows for targeted filtering by addons for a specific check (without having to
+	 * write those filters wherever current_user_can is called).
+	 * 2. Explicit passing of $id from a given context ( useful in the cases of map_meta_cap filters )
+	 *
+	 * @param int    $blog_id The blog id that is being checked for.
+	 * @param string $cap     The cap being checked.
+	 * @param string $context The context where the current_user_can is being called from.
+	 * @param int    $id      Optional. Id for item where current_user_can is being called from (used in map_meta_cap()
+	 *                        filters.
+	 * @return bool  Whether user can or not.
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	public function current_user_can_for_blog(int $blog_id, string $cap, string $context, int $id = 0): bool
+	{
+		$user_can = ! empty($id) ? current_user_can_for_blog($blog_id, $cap, $id) : current_user_can($blog_id, $cap);
+		// apply filters (both a global on just the cap, and context specific.  Global overrides context specific)
+		$user_can = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__current_user_can_for_blog__user_can__' . $context,
+			$user_can,
+			$blog_id,
+			$cap,
+			$id
+		);
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Capabilities__current_user_can_for_blog__user_can',
+			$user_can,
+			$context,
+			$blog_id,
+			$cap,
+			$id
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This helper method just returns an array of registered EE capabilities.
+	 *
+	 * @param string|null $role If empty then the entire role/capability map is returned.
+	 *                          Otherwise just the capabilities for the given role are returned.
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	public function get_ee_capabilities(?string $role = EE_Capabilities::ROLE_ADMINISTRATOR): array
+	{
+		if (! $this->initialized) {
+			$this->init_caps();
+		}
+		if ($role === '') {
+			return $this->capabilities_map;
+		}
+		return $this->capabilities_map[ $role ] ?? [];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool  $reset      If you need to reset Event Espresso's capabilities,
+	 *                          then please use the init_caps() method with the "$reset" parameter set to "true"
+	 * @param array $caps_map   Optional.
+	 *                          Can be used to send a custom map of roles and capabilities for setting them up.
+	 *                          Note that this should ONLY be called on activation hook or some other one-time
+	 *                          task otherwise the caps will be added on every request.
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.42
+	 */
+	public function init_role_caps(bool $reset = false, array $caps_map = [])
+	{
+		// If this method is called directly and reset is set as 'true',
+		// then display a doing it wrong notice, because we want resets to go through init_caps()
+		// to guarantee that everything is set up correctly.
+		// This prevents the capabilities map getting reset incorrectly by direct calls to this method.
+		if ($reset) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+				__METHOD__,
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The "%1$s" parameter for the "%2$s" method is deprecated. If you need to reset Event Espresso\'s capabilities, then please use the "%3$s" method with the "%1$s" parameter set to "%4$s".',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					'$reset',
+					__METHOD__ . '()',
+					'EE_Capabilities::init_caps()',
+					'true'
+				),
+				'4.9.42',
+				'5.0.0'
+			);
+		}
+		$this->addCaps($caps_map);
+	}
 }
 
 
@@ -990,136 +990,136 @@ 
  */
 abstract class EE_Meta_Capability_Map
 {
-    /**
-     * @var EEM_Base
-     */
-    protected $_model = null;
-
-    protected string $_model_name = '';
-
-    public string $meta_cap = '';
-
-    public string $published_cap = '';
-
-    public string $others_cap = '';
-
-    public string $private_cap = '';
-
-
-    /**
-     * constructor.
-     * Receives the setup arguments for the map.
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_cap       What meta capability is this mapping.
-     * @param array  $map_values     array {
-     *                               //array of values that MUST match a count of 4.  It's okay to send an empty string
-     *                               for capabilities that don't get mapped to.
-     * @type         $map_values     [0] string A string representing the model name. Required.  String's
-     *                               should always be used when Menu Maps are registered via the
-     *                               plugin API as models are not allowed to be instantiated when
-     *                               in maintenance mode 2 (migrations).
-     * @type         $map_values     [1] string represents the capability used for published. Optional.
-     * @type         $map_values     [2] string represents the capability used for "others". Optional.
-     * @type         $map_values     [3] string represents the capability used for private. Optional.
-     *                               }
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @since                        4.5.0
-     */
-    public function __construct(string $meta_cap, array $map_values)
-    {
-        $this->meta_cap = $meta_cap;
-        // verify there are four args in the $map_values array;
-        if (count($map_values) !== 4) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'Incoming $map_values array should have a count of four values in it.  This is what was given: %s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    '<br>' . print_r($map_values, true)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // set properties
-        $this->_model        = null;
-        $this->_model_name   = $map_values[0];
-        $this->published_cap = (string) $map_values[1];
-        $this->others_cap    = (string) $map_values[2];
-        $this->private_cap   = (string) $map_values[3];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Makes it so this object stops filtering caps
-     */
-    public function remove_filters()
-    {
-        remove_filter('map_meta_cap', [$this, 'map_meta_caps']);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method ensures that the $model property is converted from the model name string to a proper EEM_Base class
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    public function ensure_is_model()
-    {
-        // is it already instantiated?
-        if ($this->_model instanceof EEM_Base) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // ensure model name is string
-        $this->_model_name = (string) $this->_model_name;
-        // error proof if the name has EEM in it
-        $this->_model_name = str_replace('EEM', '', $this->_model_name);
-        $this->_model      = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($this->_model_name);
-        if (! $this->_model instanceof EEM_Base) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'This string passed in to %s to represent a EEM_Base model class was not able to be used to instantiate the class.   Please ensure that the string is a match for the EEM_Base model name (not including the EEM_ part). This was given: %s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    get_class($this),
-                    $this->_model
-                )
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array       $caps    actual users capabilities
-     * @param string|null $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
-     * @param int         $user_id The user id
-     * @param array       $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
-     * @return array
-     * @since 4.6.x
-     * @see   EE_Meta_Capability_Map::_map_meta_caps() for docs on params.
-     */
-    public function map_meta_caps(array $caps, ?string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
-    {
-        return $this->_map_meta_caps($caps, $cap, $user_id, $args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
-     * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
-     *
-     * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
-     * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
-     * @param int    $user_id The user id
-     * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
-     * @return array   actual users capabilities
-     * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     */
-    abstract protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array;
+	/**
+	 * @var EEM_Base
+	 */
+	protected $_model = null;
+
+	protected string $_model_name = '';
+
+	public string $meta_cap = '';
+
+	public string $published_cap = '';
+
+	public string $others_cap = '';
+
+	public string $private_cap = '';
+
+
+	/**
+	 * constructor.
+	 * Receives the setup arguments for the map.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_cap       What meta capability is this mapping.
+	 * @param array  $map_values     array {
+	 *                               //array of values that MUST match a count of 4.  It's okay to send an empty string
+	 *                               for capabilities that don't get mapped to.
+	 * @type         $map_values     [0] string A string representing the model name. Required.  String's
+	 *                               should always be used when Menu Maps are registered via the
+	 *                               plugin API as models are not allowed to be instantiated when
+	 *                               in maintenance mode 2 (migrations).
+	 * @type         $map_values     [1] string represents the capability used for published. Optional.
+	 * @type         $map_values     [2] string represents the capability used for "others". Optional.
+	 * @type         $map_values     [3] string represents the capability used for private. Optional.
+	 *                               }
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @since                        4.5.0
+	 */
+	public function __construct(string $meta_cap, array $map_values)
+	{
+		$this->meta_cap = $meta_cap;
+		// verify there are four args in the $map_values array;
+		if (count($map_values) !== 4) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'Incoming $map_values array should have a count of four values in it.  This is what was given: %s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					'<br>' . print_r($map_values, true)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// set properties
+		$this->_model        = null;
+		$this->_model_name   = $map_values[0];
+		$this->published_cap = (string) $map_values[1];
+		$this->others_cap    = (string) $map_values[2];
+		$this->private_cap   = (string) $map_values[3];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Makes it so this object stops filtering caps
+	 */
+	public function remove_filters()
+	{
+		remove_filter('map_meta_cap', [$this, 'map_meta_caps']);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method ensures that the $model property is converted from the model name string to a proper EEM_Base class
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	public function ensure_is_model()
+	{
+		// is it already instantiated?
+		if ($this->_model instanceof EEM_Base) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// ensure model name is string
+		$this->_model_name = (string) $this->_model_name;
+		// error proof if the name has EEM in it
+		$this->_model_name = str_replace('EEM', '', $this->_model_name);
+		$this->_model      = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($this->_model_name);
+		if (! $this->_model instanceof EEM_Base) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'This string passed in to %s to represent a EEM_Base model class was not able to be used to instantiate the class.   Please ensure that the string is a match for the EEM_Base model name (not including the EEM_ part). This was given: %s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					get_class($this),
+					$this->_model
+				)
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array       $caps    actual users capabilities
+	 * @param string|null $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
+	 * @param int         $user_id The user id
+	 * @param array       $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
+	 * @return array
+	 * @since 4.6.x
+	 * @see   EE_Meta_Capability_Map::_map_meta_caps() for docs on params.
+	 */
+	public function map_meta_caps(array $caps, ?string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
+	{
+		return $this->_map_meta_caps($caps, $cap, $user_id, $args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
+	 * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
+	 * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
+	 * @param int    $user_id The user id
+	 * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
+	 * @return array   actual users capabilities
+	 * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 */
+	abstract protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array;
 }
 
 
@@ -1134,78 +1134,78 @@ 
  */
 class EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit extends EE_Meta_Capability_Map
 {
-    /**
-     * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
-     * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
-     *
-     * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
-     * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
-     * @param int    $user_id The user id
-     * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
-     * @return array   actual users capabilities
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
-     */
-    protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
-    {
-        // only process if we're checking our mapped_cap
-        if ($cap !== $this->meta_cap) {
-            return $caps;
-        }
-
-        // okay it is a meta cap so let's first remove that cap from the $caps array.
-        if (($key = array_search($cap, $caps)) !== false) {
-            unset($caps[ $key ]);
-        }
-
-        /** @var EE_Base_Class $obj */
-        $obj = ! empty($args[0]) ? $this->_model->get_one_by_ID($args[0]) : null;
-        // if no obj then let's just do cap
-        if (! $obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
-            return $caps;
-        }
-        $caps[] = $cap . 's';
-        if ($obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
-            // if the item author is set and the user is the author...
-            if ($obj->wp_user() && $user_id === $obj->wp_user()) {
-                // if obj is published...
-                if ($obj->status() === 'publish') {
-                    $caps[] = $this->published_cap;
-                }
-            } else {
-                // the user is trying to edit someone else's obj
-                if (! empty($this->others_cap)) {
-                    $caps[] = $this->others_cap;
-                }
-                if (! empty($this->published_cap) && $obj->status() === 'publish') {
-                    $caps[] = $this->published_cap;
-                } elseif (! empty($this->private_cap) && $obj->status() === 'private') {
-                    $caps[] = $this->private_cap;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // not a cpt object so handled differently
-            $has_cap = false;
-            try {
-                $has_cap = method_exists($obj, 'wp_user')
-                           && $obj->wp_user()
-                           && $obj->wp_user() === $user_id;
-            } catch (Exception $e) {
-                if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                    EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-                }
-            }
-            if (! $has_cap) {
-                if (! empty($this->others_cap)) {
-                    $caps[] = $this->others_cap;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $caps;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
+	 * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
+	 * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
+	 * @param int    $user_id The user id
+	 * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
+	 * @return array   actual users capabilities
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
+	 */
+	protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
+	{
+		// only process if we're checking our mapped_cap
+		if ($cap !== $this->meta_cap) {
+			return $caps;
+		}
+
+		// okay it is a meta cap so let's first remove that cap from the $caps array.
+		if (($key = array_search($cap, $caps)) !== false) {
+			unset($caps[ $key ]);
+		}
+
+		/** @var EE_Base_Class $obj */
+		$obj = ! empty($args[0]) ? $this->_model->get_one_by_ID($args[0]) : null;
+		// if no obj then let's just do cap
+		if (! $obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+			return $caps;
+		}
+		$caps[] = $cap . 's';
+		if ($obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
+			// if the item author is set and the user is the author...
+			if ($obj->wp_user() && $user_id === $obj->wp_user()) {
+				// if obj is published...
+				if ($obj->status() === 'publish') {
+					$caps[] = $this->published_cap;
+				}
+			} else {
+				// the user is trying to edit someone else's obj
+				if (! empty($this->others_cap)) {
+					$caps[] = $this->others_cap;
+				}
+				if (! empty($this->published_cap) && $obj->status() === 'publish') {
+					$caps[] = $this->published_cap;
+				} elseif (! empty($this->private_cap) && $obj->status() === 'private') {
+					$caps[] = $this->private_cap;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// not a cpt object so handled differently
+			$has_cap = false;
+			try {
+				$has_cap = method_exists($obj, 'wp_user')
+						   && $obj->wp_user()
+						   && $obj->wp_user() === $user_id;
+			} catch (Exception $e) {
+				if (WP_DEBUG) {
+					EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+				}
+			}
+			if (! $has_cap) {
+				if (! empty($this->others_cap)) {
+					$caps[] = $this->others_cap;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $caps;
+	}
 }
 
 
@@ -1221,24 +1221,24 @@ 
  */
 class EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Delete extends EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Edit
 {
-    /**
-     * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
-     * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
-     *
-     * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
-     * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
-     * @param int    $user_id The user id
-     * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
-     * @return array   actual users capabilities
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
-     */
-    protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
-    {
-        return parent::_map_meta_caps($caps, $cap, $user_id, $args);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
+	 * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
+	 * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
+	 * @param int    $user_id The user id
+	 * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
+	 * @return array   actual users capabilities
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
+	 */
+	protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
+	{
+		return parent::_map_meta_caps($caps, $cap, $user_id, $args);
+	}
 }
 
 
@@ -1253,79 +1253,79 @@ 
  */
 class EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Read extends EE_Meta_Capability_Map
 {
-    /**
-     * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
-     * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
-     *
-     * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
-     * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
-     * @param int    $user_id The user id
-     * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
-     * @return array   actual users capabilities
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
-     */
-    protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
-    {
-        // only process if we're checking our mapped cap;
-        if ($cap !== $this->meta_cap) {
-            return $caps;
-        }
-
-        // okay it is a meta cap so let's first remove that cap from the $caps array.
-        if (($key = array_search($cap, $caps)) !== false) {
-            unset($caps[ $key ]);
-        }
-
-        $obj = ! empty($args[0]) ? $this->_model->get_one_by_ID($args[0]) : null;
-        // if no obj then let's just do cap
-        if (! $obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
-            return $caps;
-        }
-
-        $caps[] = $cap . 's';
-        if ($obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
-            $status_obj = get_post_status_object($obj->status());
-            if ($status_obj->public) {
-                return $caps;
-            }
-            // if the item author is set and the user is not the author...
-            if ($obj->wp_user() && $obj->wp_user() !== $user_id) {
-                if (! empty($this->others_cap)) {
-                    $caps[] = $this->others_cap;
-                }
-            }
-            // yes this means that if users created the private post, they are able to see it regardless of private cap.
-            if ($status_obj->private && ! empty($this->private_cap) && $obj->wp_user() !== $user_id) {
-                // the user is trying to view a private object for an object they don't own.
-                $caps[] = $this->private_cap;
-            }
-        } else {
-            // not a cpt object so handled differently
-            $has_cap = false;
-            try {
-                $has_cap = method_exists($obj, 'wp_user')
-                           && $obj->wp_user()
-                           && $obj->wp_user() === $user_id;
-            } catch (Exception $e) {
-                if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                    EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-                }
-            }
-            if (! $has_cap) {
-                if (! empty($this->private_cap)) {
-                    $caps[] = $this->private_cap;
-                }
-                if (! empty($this->others_cap)) {
-                    $caps[] = $this->others_cap;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $caps;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
+	 * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
+	 * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
+	 * @param int    $user_id The user id
+	 * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
+	 * @return array   actual users capabilities
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
+	 */
+	protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
+	{
+		// only process if we're checking our mapped cap;
+		if ($cap !== $this->meta_cap) {
+			return $caps;
+		}
+
+		// okay it is a meta cap so let's first remove that cap from the $caps array.
+		if (($key = array_search($cap, $caps)) !== false) {
+			unset($caps[ $key ]);
+		}
+
+		$obj = ! empty($args[0]) ? $this->_model->get_one_by_ID($args[0]) : null;
+		// if no obj then let's just do cap
+		if (! $obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+			return $caps;
+		}
+
+		$caps[] = $cap . 's';
+		if ($obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
+			$status_obj = get_post_status_object($obj->status());
+			if ($status_obj->public) {
+				return $caps;
+			}
+			// if the item author is set and the user is not the author...
+			if ($obj->wp_user() && $obj->wp_user() !== $user_id) {
+				if (! empty($this->others_cap)) {
+					$caps[] = $this->others_cap;
+				}
+			}
+			// yes this means that if users created the private post, they are able to see it regardless of private cap.
+			if ($status_obj->private && ! empty($this->private_cap) && $obj->wp_user() !== $user_id) {
+				// the user is trying to view a private object for an object they don't own.
+				$caps[] = $this->private_cap;
+			}
+		} else {
+			// not a cpt object so handled differently
+			$has_cap = false;
+			try {
+				$has_cap = method_exists($obj, 'wp_user')
+						   && $obj->wp_user()
+						   && $obj->wp_user() === $user_id;
+			} catch (Exception $e) {
+				if (WP_DEBUG) {
+					EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+				}
+			}
+			if (! $has_cap) {
+				if (! empty($this->private_cap)) {
+					$caps[] = $this->private_cap;
+				}
+				if (! empty($this->others_cap)) {
+					$caps[] = $this->others_cap;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $caps;
+	}
 }
 
 
@@ -1341,53 +1341,53 @@ 
  */
 class EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Messages_Cap extends EE_Meta_Capability_Map
 {
-    /**
-     * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
-     * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
-     *
-     * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
-     * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
-     * @param int    $user_id The user id
-     * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
-     * @return array   actual users capabilities
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
-     */
-    protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
-    {
-        // only process if we're checking our mapped_cap
-        if ($cap !== $this->meta_cap) {
-            return $caps;
-        }
-
-        // okay it is a meta cap so let's first remove that cap from the $caps array.
-        if (($key = array_search($cap, $caps)) !== false) {
-            unset($caps[ $key ]);
-        }
-
-        $obj = ! empty($args[0]) ? $this->_model->get_one_by_ID($args[0]) : null;
-        // if no obj then let's just do cap
-        if (! $obj instanceof EE_Message_Template_Group) {
-            $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
-            return $caps;
-        }
-        $caps[]    = $cap . 's';
-        $is_global = $obj->is_global();
-        if ($obj->wp_user() && $obj->wp_user() === $user_id) {
-            if ($is_global) {
-                $caps[] = $this->private_cap;
-            }
-        } else {
-            if ($is_global) {
-                $caps[] = $this->private_cap;
-            } else {
-                $caps[] = $this->others_cap;
-            }
-        }
-        return $caps;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
+	 * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
+	 * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
+	 * @param int    $user_id The user id
+	 * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
+	 * @return array   actual users capabilities
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
+	 */
+	protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
+	{
+		// only process if we're checking our mapped_cap
+		if ($cap !== $this->meta_cap) {
+			return $caps;
+		}
+
+		// okay it is a meta cap so let's first remove that cap from the $caps array.
+		if (($key = array_search($cap, $caps)) !== false) {
+			unset($caps[ $key ]);
+		}
+
+		$obj = ! empty($args[0]) ? $this->_model->get_one_by_ID($args[0]) : null;
+		// if no obj then let's just do cap
+		if (! $obj instanceof EE_Message_Template_Group) {
+			$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+			return $caps;
+		}
+		$caps[]    = $cap . 's';
+		$is_global = $obj->is_global();
+		if ($obj->wp_user() && $obj->wp_user() === $user_id) {
+			if ($is_global) {
+				$caps[] = $this->private_cap;
+			}
+		} else {
+			if ($is_global) {
+				$caps[] = $this->private_cap;
+			} else {
+				$caps[] = $this->others_cap;
+			}
+		}
+		return $caps;
+	}
 }
 
 
@@ -1403,43 +1403,43 @@ 
  */
 class EE_Meta_Capability_Map_Registration_Form_Cap extends EE_Meta_Capability_Map
 {
-    /**
-     * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
-     * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
-     *
-     * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
-     * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
-     * @param int    $user_id The user id
-     * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
-     * @return array   actual users capabilities
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
-     */
-    protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
-    {
-        // only process if we're checking our mapped_cap
-        if ($cap !== $this->meta_cap) {
-            return $caps;
-        }
-        // okay it is a meta cap so let's first remove that cap from the $caps array.
-        if (($key = array_search($cap, $caps)) !== false) {
-            unset($caps[ $key ]);
-        }
-        $obj = ! empty($args[0]) ? $this->_model->get_one_by_ID($args[0]) : null;
-        // if no obj then let's just do cap
-        if (! $obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
-            return $caps;
-        }
-        $caps[]    = $cap . 's';
-        $is_system = $obj instanceof EE_Question_Group ? $obj->system_group() : false;
-        $is_system = $obj instanceof EE_Question ? $obj->is_system_question() : $is_system;
-        if ($is_system) {
-            $caps[] = $this->private_cap;
-        }
-        return $caps;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * This is the callback for the wp map_meta_caps() function which allows for ensuring certain caps that act as a
+	 * "meta" for other caps ( i.e. ee_edit_event is a meta for ee_edit_others_events ) work as expected.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $caps    actual users capabilities
+	 * @param string $cap     initial capability name that is being checked (the "map" key)
+	 * @param int    $user_id The user id
+	 * @param array  $args    Adds context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
+	 * @return array   actual users capabilities
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @see   wp-includes/capabilities.php
+	 */
+	protected function _map_meta_caps(array $caps, string $cap, int $user_id, array $args): array
+	{
+		// only process if we're checking our mapped_cap
+		if ($cap !== $this->meta_cap) {
+			return $caps;
+		}
+		// okay it is a meta cap so let's first remove that cap from the $caps array.
+		if (($key = array_search($cap, $caps)) !== false) {
+			unset($caps[ $key ]);
+		}
+		$obj = ! empty($args[0]) ? $this->_model->get_one_by_ID($args[0]) : null;
+		// if no obj then let's just do cap
+		if (! $obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+			return $caps;
+		}
+		$caps[]    = $cap . 's';
+		$is_system = $obj instanceof EE_Question_Group ? $obj->system_group() : false;
+		$is_system = $obj instanceof EE_Question ? $obj->is_system_question() : $is_system;
+		if ($is_system) {
+			$caps[] = $this->private_cap;
+		}
+		return $caps;
+	}
 }

payment_methods/Bank/EE_PMT_Bank.pm.php

Indentation +117 added lines, -117 removed lines

@@ -9,129 +9,129 @@
  */
 class EE_PMT_Bank extends EE_PMT_Base
 {
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method|null $pm_instance
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __construct($pm_instance = null)
-    {
-        $this->_pretty_name = esc_html__("Bank", 'event_espresso');
-        parent::__construct($pm_instance);
-        $this->_default_button_url  = $this->file_url() . 'lib/bank-logo.png';
-        $this->_default_description = esc_html__(
-            'Make payment using an electronic funds transfer from your bank.',
-            'event_espresso'
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method|null $pm_instance
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __construct($pm_instance = null)
+	{
+		$this->_pretty_name = esc_html__("Bank", 'event_espresso');
+		parent::__construct($pm_instance);
+		$this->_default_button_url  = $this->file_url() . 'lib/bank-logo.png';
+		$this->_default_description = esc_html__(
+			'Make payment using an electronic funds transfer from your bank.',
+			'event_espresso'
+		);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Creates the billing form for this payment method type
-     *
-     * @param EE_Transaction|null $transaction
-     * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function generate_new_billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = null)
-    {
-    return null;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Creates the billing form for this payment method type
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Transaction|null $transaction
+	 * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function generate_new_billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = null)
+	{
+	return null;
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the form for all the settings related to this payment method type
-     *
-     * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function generate_new_settings_form()
-    {
-        return new EE_Payment_Method_Form(
-            [
-                'extra_meta_inputs' => [
-                    'page_title'           => new EE_Text_Input(
-                        [
-                            'html_label_text' => sprintf(
-                                esc_html__("Title %s", "event_espresso"),
-                                $this->get_help_tab_link()
-                            ),
-                            'default'         => esc_html__("Electronic Funds Transfers", 'event_espresso'),
-                        ]
-                    ),
-                    'payment_instructions' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(
-                        [
-                            'html_label_text'       => sprintf(
-                                esc_html__("Payment Instructions %s", "event_espresso"),
-                                $this->get_help_tab_link()
-                            ),
-                            'html_help_text'        => esc_html__(
-                                'Provide instructions on how registrants can send the bank draft payment. Eg, mention your account name, bank account number, bank name, bank routing code, and bank address, etc.',
-                                'event_espresso'
-                            ),
-                            'default'               => sprintf(
-                                esc_html__(
-                                    'Please initiate an electronic payment using the following bank information: %1$sAccount Owner: Luke Skywalker%1$sBank Account # 1234567890%1$sBank Name: Rebellion Bank%1$sRouting Number: 12345%1$sBank Address: 12345 Wookie Rd., Planet Corellian.%1$sPayment must be received within 48 hours of event date.',
-                                    'event_espresso'
-                                ),
-                                "\n"
-                            ),
-                            'validation_strategies' => [
-                                new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy(),
-                            ],
-                        ]
-                    ),
-                ],
-                'exclude'           => ['PMD_debug_mode'],
-            ]
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Gets the form for all the settings related to this payment method type
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function generate_new_settings_form()
+	{
+		return new EE_Payment_Method_Form(
+			[
+				'extra_meta_inputs' => [
+					'page_title'           => new EE_Text_Input(
+						[
+							'html_label_text' => sprintf(
+								esc_html__("Title %s", "event_espresso"),
+								$this->get_help_tab_link()
+							),
+							'default'         => esc_html__("Electronic Funds Transfers", 'event_espresso'),
+						]
+					),
+					'payment_instructions' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(
+						[
+							'html_label_text'       => sprintf(
+								esc_html__("Payment Instructions %s", "event_espresso"),
+								$this->get_help_tab_link()
+							),
+							'html_help_text'        => esc_html__(
+								'Provide instructions on how registrants can send the bank draft payment. Eg, mention your account name, bank account number, bank name, bank routing code, and bank address, etc.',
+								'event_espresso'
+							),
+							'default'               => sprintf(
+								esc_html__(
+									'Please initiate an electronic payment using the following bank information: %1$sAccount Owner: Luke Skywalker%1$sBank Account # 1234567890%1$sBank Name: Rebellion Bank%1$sRouting Number: 12345%1$sBank Address: 12345 Wookie Rd., Planet Corellian.%1$sPayment must be received within 48 hours of event date.',
+									'event_espresso'
+								),
+								"\n"
+							),
+							'validation_strategies' => [
+								new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy(),
+							],
+						]
+					),
+				],
+				'exclude'           => ['PMD_debug_mode'],
+			]
+		);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Adds the help tab
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @see EE_PMT_Base::help_tabs_config()
-     */
-    public function help_tabs_config()
-    {
-        return [
-            $this->get_help_tab_name() => [
-                'title'    => esc_html__('Bank Draft Settings', 'event_espresso'),
-                'filename' => 'payment_methods_overview_bank_draft',
-            ],
-        ];
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Adds the help tab
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @see EE_PMT_Base::help_tabs_config()
+	 */
+	public function help_tabs_config()
+	{
+		return [
+			$this->get_help_tab_name() => [
+				'title'    => esc_html__('Bank Draft Settings', 'event_espresso'),
+				'filename' => 'payment_methods_overview_bank_draft',
+			],
+		];
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * For adding any html output ab ove the payment overview.
-     * Many gateways won't want ot display anything, so this function just returns an empty string.
-     * Other gateways may want to override this, such as offline gateways.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Payment $payment
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function payment_overview_content(EE_Payment $payment)
-    {
-        $extra_meta_for_payment_method = $this->_pm_instance->all_extra_meta_array();
-        $template_vars                 = array_merge(
-            [
-                'payment_method'       => $this->_pm_instance,
-                'payment'              => $payment,
-                'page_title'           => '',
-                'payment_instructions' => '',
-            ],
-            $extra_meta_for_payment_method
-        );
-        return EEH_Template::locate_template(
-            'payment_methods/Bank/templates/bank_payment_details_content.template.php',
-            $template_vars
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * For adding any html output ab ove the payment overview.
+	 * Many gateways won't want ot display anything, so this function just returns an empty string.
+	 * Other gateways may want to override this, such as offline gateways.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Payment $payment
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function payment_overview_content(EE_Payment $payment)
+	{
+		$extra_meta_for_payment_method = $this->_pm_instance->all_extra_meta_array();
+		$template_vars                 = array_merge(
+			[
+				'payment_method'       => $this->_pm_instance,
+				'payment'              => $payment,
+				'page_title'           => '',
+				'payment_instructions' => '',
+			],
+			$extra_meta_for_payment_method
+		);
+		return EEH_Template::locate_template(
+			'payment_methods/Bank/templates/bank_payment_details_content.template.php',
+			$template_vars
+		);
+	}
 }

payment_methods/Invoice/EE_PMT_Invoice.pm.php

Indentation +128 added lines, -128 removed lines

@@ -24,144 +24,144 @@
  */
 class EE_PMT_Invoice extends EE_PMT_Base
 {
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method|null $pm_instance
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __construct($pm_instance = null)
-    {
-        $this->_pretty_name = esc_html__("Invoice", 'event_espresso');
-        $this->_default_description = sprintf(
-            esc_html__('After clicking "Finalize Registration", you will be given instructions on how to access your invoice and complete your payment.%sPlease note that event spaces will not be reserved until payment is received in full, and any remaining tickets could be sold to others in the meantime.', 'event_espresso'),
-            '<br />'
-        );
-        parent::__construct($pm_instance);
-        $this->_default_button_url = $this->file_url() . 'lib/invoice-logo.png';
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method|null $pm_instance
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __construct($pm_instance = null)
+	{
+		$this->_pretty_name = esc_html__("Invoice", 'event_espresso');
+		$this->_default_description = sprintf(
+			esc_html__('After clicking "Finalize Registration", you will be given instructions on how to access your invoice and complete your payment.%sPlease note that event spaces will not be reserved until payment is received in full, and any remaining tickets could be sold to others in the meantime.', 'event_espresso'),
+			'<br />'
+		);
+		parent::__construct($pm_instance);
+		$this->_default_button_url = $this->file_url() . 'lib/invoice-logo.png';
+	}
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * Creates the billing form for this payment method type
-     * @param EE_Transaction|null $transaction
-     * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function generate_new_billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = null)
-    {
-    return null;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Creates the billing form for this payment method type
+	 * @param EE_Transaction|null $transaction
+	 * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function generate_new_billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = null)
+	{
+	return null;
+	}
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the form for all the settings related to this payment method type
-     *
-     * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function generate_new_settings_form()
-    {
-        $pdf_payee_input_name = 'pdf_payee_name';
-        $confirmation_text_input_name = 'page_confirmation_text';
-        $form =  new EE_Payment_Method_Form(array(
+	/**
+	 * Gets the form for all the settings related to this payment method type
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function generate_new_settings_form()
+	{
+		$pdf_payee_input_name = 'pdf_payee_name';
+		$confirmation_text_input_name = 'page_confirmation_text';
+		$form =  new EE_Payment_Method_Form(array(
 //              'payment_method_type' => $this,
-                'extra_meta_inputs' => array(
-                    $pdf_payee_input_name => new EE_Text_Input(array(
-                        'html_label_text' => sprintf(esc_html__('Payee Name %s', 'event_espresso'), $this->get_help_tab_link())
-                    )),
-                    'pdf_payee_email' => new EE_Email_Input(array(
-                        'html_label_text' => sprintf(esc_html__('Payee Email %s', 'event_espresso'), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
-                    )),
-                    'pdf_payee_tax_number' => new EE_Text_Input(array(
-                        'html_label_text' => sprintf(esc_html__('Payee Tax Number %s', 'event_espresso'), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
-                        )),
-                    'pdf_payee_address' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
-                        'html_label_text' => sprintf(esc_html__('Payee Address %s', 'event_espresso'), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
-                        'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
-                    )),
-                    'pdf_instructions' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
-                        'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Instructions %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
-                        'default' =>  esc_html__("Please send this invoice with payment attached to the address above, or use the payment link below. Payment must be received within 48 hours of event date.", 'event_espresso'),
-                        'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
-                    )),
-                    'pdf_logo_image' => new EE_Admin_File_Uploader_Input(array(
-                        'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Logo Image %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
-                        'default' =>  EE_Config::instance()->organization->logo_url,
-                        'html_help_text' =>  esc_html__("(Logo for the top left of the invoice)", 'event_espresso'),
-                    )),
-                    $confirmation_text_input_name => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
-                        'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Confirmation Text %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
-                        'default' =>  esc_html__("Payment must be received within 48 hours of event date. Details about where to send the payment are included on the invoice.", 'event_espresso'),
-                        'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
-                    )),
-                    'page_extra_info' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
-                        'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Extra Info %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
-                        'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
-                    )),
-                ),
-                'include' => array(
-                    'PMD_ID', 'PMD_name','PMD_desc','PMD_admin_name','PMD_admin_desc', 'PMD_type','PMD_slug', 'PMD_open_by_default','PMD_button_url','PMD_scope','Currency','PMD_order',
-                    $pdf_payee_input_name, 'pdf_payee_email', 'pdf_payee_tax_number', 'pdf_payee_address', 'pdf_instructions','pdf_logo_image',
-                    $confirmation_text_input_name, 'page_extra_info'),
-            ));
-        $form->add_subsections(
-            array( 'header1' => new EE_Form_Section_HTML_From_Template('payment_methods/Invoice/templates/invoice_settings_header_display.template.php')),
-            $pdf_payee_input_name
-        );
-        $form->add_subsections(
-            array( 'header2' => new EE_Form_Section_HTML_From_Template('payment_methods/Invoice/templates/invoice_settings_header_gateway.template.php')),
-            $confirmation_text_input_name
-        );
-        return $form;
-    }
+				'extra_meta_inputs' => array(
+					$pdf_payee_input_name => new EE_Text_Input(array(
+						'html_label_text' => sprintf(esc_html__('Payee Name %s', 'event_espresso'), $this->get_help_tab_link())
+					)),
+					'pdf_payee_email' => new EE_Email_Input(array(
+						'html_label_text' => sprintf(esc_html__('Payee Email %s', 'event_espresso'), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
+					)),
+					'pdf_payee_tax_number' => new EE_Text_Input(array(
+						'html_label_text' => sprintf(esc_html__('Payee Tax Number %s', 'event_espresso'), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
+						)),
+					'pdf_payee_address' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
+						'html_label_text' => sprintf(esc_html__('Payee Address %s', 'event_espresso'), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
+						'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
+					)),
+					'pdf_instructions' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
+						'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Instructions %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
+						'default' =>  esc_html__("Please send this invoice with payment attached to the address above, or use the payment link below. Payment must be received within 48 hours of event date.", 'event_espresso'),
+						'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
+					)),
+					'pdf_logo_image' => new EE_Admin_File_Uploader_Input(array(
+						'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Logo Image %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
+						'default' =>  EE_Config::instance()->organization->logo_url,
+						'html_help_text' =>  esc_html__("(Logo for the top left of the invoice)", 'event_espresso'),
+					)),
+					$confirmation_text_input_name => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
+						'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Confirmation Text %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
+						'default' =>  esc_html__("Payment must be received within 48 hours of event date. Details about where to send the payment are included on the invoice.", 'event_espresso'),
+						'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
+					)),
+					'page_extra_info' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
+						'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Extra Info %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
+						'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
+					)),
+				),
+				'include' => array(
+					'PMD_ID', 'PMD_name','PMD_desc','PMD_admin_name','PMD_admin_desc', 'PMD_type','PMD_slug', 'PMD_open_by_default','PMD_button_url','PMD_scope','Currency','PMD_order',
+					$pdf_payee_input_name, 'pdf_payee_email', 'pdf_payee_tax_number', 'pdf_payee_address', 'pdf_instructions','pdf_logo_image',
+					$confirmation_text_input_name, 'page_extra_info'),
+			));
+		$form->add_subsections(
+			array( 'header1' => new EE_Form_Section_HTML_From_Template('payment_methods/Invoice/templates/invoice_settings_header_display.template.php')),
+			$pdf_payee_input_name
+		);
+		$form->add_subsections(
+			array( 'header2' => new EE_Form_Section_HTML_From_Template('payment_methods/Invoice/templates/invoice_settings_header_gateway.template.php')),
+			$confirmation_text_input_name
+		);
+		return $form;
+	}
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * Adds the help tab
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @see EE_PMT_Base::help_tabs_config()
-     */
-    public function help_tabs_config()
-    {
-        return array(
-            $this->get_help_tab_name() => array(
-                'title' => esc_html__('Invoice Settings', 'event_espresso'),
-                'filename' => 'payment_methods_overview_invoice'
-            ),
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Adds the help tab
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @see EE_PMT_Base::help_tabs_config()
+	 */
+	public function help_tabs_config()
+	{
+		return array(
+			$this->get_help_tab_name() => array(
+				'title' => esc_html__('Invoice Settings', 'event_espresso'),
+				'filename' => 'payment_methods_overview_invoice'
+			),
+		);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * For adding any html output above the payment overview.
-     * Many gateways won't want ot display anything, so this function just returns an empty string.
-     * Other gateways may want to override this, such as offline gateways.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Payment $payment
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function payment_overview_content(EE_Payment $payment)
-    {
-        return EEH_Template::locate_template(
-            'payment_methods/Invoice/templates/invoice_payment_details_content.template.php',
-            array_merge(
-                array(
-                    'payment_method'            => $this->_pm_instance,
-                    'payment'                       => $payment,
-                    'page_confirmation_text'                    => '',
-                    'page_extra_info'   => '',
-                    'invoice_url'                   => $payment->transaction()->primary_registration()->invoice_url('html')
-                ),
-                $this->_pm_instance->all_extra_meta_array()
-            )
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * For adding any html output above the payment overview.
+	 * Many gateways won't want ot display anything, so this function just returns an empty string.
+	 * Other gateways may want to override this, such as offline gateways.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Payment $payment
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function payment_overview_content(EE_Payment $payment)
+	{
+		return EEH_Template::locate_template(
+			'payment_methods/Invoice/templates/invoice_payment_details_content.template.php',
+			array_merge(
+				array(
+					'payment_method'            => $this->_pm_instance,
+					'payment'                       => $payment,
+					'page_confirmation_text'                    => '',
+					'page_extra_info'   => '',
+					'invoice_url'                   => $payment->transaction()->primary_registration()->invoice_url('html')
+				),
+				$this->_pm_instance->all_extra_meta_array()
+			)
+		);
+	}
 }

payment_methods/Admin_Only/EE_PMT_Admin_Only.pm.php

Indentation +33 added lines, -33 removed lines

@@ -13,43 +13,43 @@
  */
 class EE_PMT_Admin_Only extends EE_PMT_Base
 {
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method|null $pm_instance
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __construct($pm_instance = null)
-    {
-        $this->_pretty_name = esc_html__("Admin Only", 'event_espresso');
-        $this->_default_button_url = '';
-        parent::__construct($pm_instance);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method|null $pm_instance
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __construct($pm_instance = null)
+	{
+		$this->_pretty_name = esc_html__("Admin Only", 'event_espresso');
+		$this->_default_button_url = '';
+		parent::__construct($pm_instance);
+	}
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * Creates the billing form for this payment method type
-     * @param EE_Transaction|null $transaction
-     * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function generate_new_billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = null)
-    {
-    return null;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Creates the billing form for this payment method type
+	 * @param EE_Transaction|null $transaction
+	 * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function generate_new_billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = null)
+	{
+	return null;
+	}
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the form for all the settings related to this payment method type
-     *
-     * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function generate_new_settings_form()
-    {
-        return new EE_Payment_Method_Form();
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Gets the form for all the settings related to this payment method type
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function generate_new_settings_form()
+	{
+		return new EE_Payment_Method_Form();
+	}
 }

payment_methods/Check/EE_PMT_Check.pm.php

Indentation +116 added lines, -116 removed lines

@@ -13,132 +13,132 @@
  */
 class EE_PMT_Check extends EE_PMT_Base
 {
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method|null $pm_instance
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __construct($pm_instance = null)
-    {
-        $this->_pretty_name = esc_html__("Check", 'event_espresso');
-        $this->_default_description = esc_html__('After clicking "Finalize Registration", you will be given instructions on how to complete your payment.', 'event_espresso');
-        parent::__construct($pm_instance);
-        $this->_default_button_url = $this->file_url() . 'lib/check-logo.png';
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method|null $pm_instance
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __construct($pm_instance = null)
+	{
+		$this->_pretty_name = esc_html__("Check", 'event_espresso');
+		$this->_default_description = esc_html__('After clicking "Finalize Registration", you will be given instructions on how to complete your payment.', 'event_espresso');
+		parent::__construct($pm_instance);
+		$this->_default_button_url = $this->file_url() . 'lib/check-logo.png';
+	}
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * Creates the billing form for this payment method type
-     * @param EE_Transaction|null $transaction
-     * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function generate_new_billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = null)
-    {
-    return null;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Creates the billing form for this payment method type
+	 * @param EE_Transaction|null $transaction
+	 * @return EE_Billing_Info_Form|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function generate_new_billing_form(EE_Transaction $transaction = null)
+	{
+	return null;
+	}
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent to dynamically set some defaults, but only when the form is requested
-     *
-     * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function generate_new_settings_form()
-    {
-        if (MaintenanceStatus::isNotFullSite()) {
-            $organization = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->organization;
-            $organization_name = $organization->get_pretty('name');
-            $default_address = $organization->address_1 != '' ? $organization->get_pretty('address_1') . '<br />' : '';
-            $default_address .= $organization->address_2 != '' ? $organization->get_pretty('address_2') . '<br />' : '';
-            $default_address .= $organization->city != '' ? $organization->get_pretty('city') : '';
-            $default_address .= ( $organization->city != '' && $organization->STA_ID != '') ? ', ' : '<br />';
-            $state = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('State')->get_one_by_ID($organization->STA_ID);
-            $country = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Country')->get_one_by_ID($organization->CNT_ISO) ;
-            $default_address .=  $state ? $state->name() . '<br />' : '';
-            $default_address .= $country ? $country->name() . '<br />' : '';
-            $default_address .= $organization->zip != '' ? $organization->get_pretty('zip') : '';
-        } else {
-            $default_address = 'unknown';
-            $organization_name = 'unknown';
-        }
-            return new EE_Payment_Method_Form(array(
-            'extra_meta_inputs' => array(
-                'check_title' => new EE_Text_Input(array(
-                    'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Title %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
-                    'default' =>  esc_html__("Check/Money Order Payments", 'event_espresso'),
-                )),
-                'payment_instructions' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
-                    'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Instructions %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
-                    'default' => esc_html__("Please send Check/Money Order to the address below. Payment must be received within 48 hours of event date.", 'event_espresso'),
-                    'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
-                )),
-                'payable_to' => new EE_Text_Input(array(
-                    'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Payable To %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
-                    'default' => $organization_name
-                )),
-                'address_to_send_payment' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
-                    'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Address Payable %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
-                    'default' => $default_address,
-                    'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
-                )),
-            ),
-            'exclude' => array('PMD_debug_mode')
-            ));
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent to dynamically set some defaults, but only when the form is requested
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Payment_Method_Form
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function generate_new_settings_form()
+	{
+		if (MaintenanceStatus::isNotFullSite()) {
+			$organization = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->organization;
+			$organization_name = $organization->get_pretty('name');
+			$default_address = $organization->address_1 != '' ? $organization->get_pretty('address_1') . '<br />' : '';
+			$default_address .= $organization->address_2 != '' ? $organization->get_pretty('address_2') . '<br />' : '';
+			$default_address .= $organization->city != '' ? $organization->get_pretty('city') : '';
+			$default_address .= ( $organization->city != '' && $organization->STA_ID != '') ? ', ' : '<br />';
+			$state = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('State')->get_one_by_ID($organization->STA_ID);
+			$country = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Country')->get_one_by_ID($organization->CNT_ISO) ;
+			$default_address .=  $state ? $state->name() . '<br />' : '';
+			$default_address .= $country ? $country->name() . '<br />' : '';
+			$default_address .= $organization->zip != '' ? $organization->get_pretty('zip') : '';
+		} else {
+			$default_address = 'unknown';
+			$organization_name = 'unknown';
+		}
+			return new EE_Payment_Method_Form(array(
+			'extra_meta_inputs' => array(
+				'check_title' => new EE_Text_Input(array(
+					'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Title %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
+					'default' =>  esc_html__("Check/Money Order Payments", 'event_espresso'),
+				)),
+				'payment_instructions' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
+					'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Instructions %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
+					'default' => esc_html__("Please send Check/Money Order to the address below. Payment must be received within 48 hours of event date.", 'event_espresso'),
+					'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
+				)),
+				'payable_to' => new EE_Text_Input(array(
+					'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Payable To %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
+					'default' => $organization_name
+				)),
+				'address_to_send_payment' => new EE_Text_Area_Input(array(
+					'html_label_text' =>  sprintf(esc_html__("Address Payable %s", "event_espresso"), $this->get_help_tab_link()),
+					'default' => $default_address,
+					'validation_strategies' => array( new EE_Full_HTML_Validation_Strategy() ),
+				)),
+			),
+			'exclude' => array('PMD_debug_mode')
+			));
+	}
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * Adds the help tab
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @see EE_PMT_Base::help_tabs_config()
-     */
-    public function help_tabs_config()
-    {
-        return array(
-            $this->get_help_tab_name() => array(
-                        'title' => esc_html__('Check Settings', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'payment_methods_overview_check'
-                        ),
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Adds the help tab
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @see EE_PMT_Base::help_tabs_config()
+	 */
+	public function help_tabs_config()
+	{
+		return array(
+			$this->get_help_tab_name() => array(
+						'title' => esc_html__('Check Settings', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'payment_methods_overview_check'
+						),
+		);
+	}
 
 
 
-    /**
-     * For adding any html output ab ove the payment overview.
-     * Many gateways won't want ot display anything, so this function just returns an empty string.
-     * Other gateways may want to override this, such as offline gateways.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Payment $payment
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function payment_overview_content(EE_Payment $payment)
-    {
-        $extra_meta_for_payment_method = $this->_pm_instance->all_extra_meta_array();
-        $template_vars = array_merge(
-            array(
-                            'payment_method' => $this->_pm_instance,
-                            'payment' => $payment,
-                            'check_title' => '',
-                            'payment_instructions' => '',
-                            'payable_to' => '',
-                            'address_to_send_payment' => '',
-                            ),
-            $extra_meta_for_payment_method
-        );
-        return EEH_Template::locate_template(
-            'payment_methods/Check/templates/check_payment_details_content.template.php',
-            $template_vars
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * For adding any html output ab ove the payment overview.
+	 * Many gateways won't want ot display anything, so this function just returns an empty string.
+	 * Other gateways may want to override this, such as offline gateways.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Payment $payment
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function payment_overview_content(EE_Payment $payment)
+	{
+		$extra_meta_for_payment_method = $this->_pm_instance->all_extra_meta_array();
+		$template_vars = array_merge(
+			array(
+							'payment_method' => $this->_pm_instance,
+							'payment' => $payment,
+							'check_title' => '',
+							'payment_instructions' => '',
+							'payable_to' => '',
+							'address_to_send_payment' => '',
+							),
+			$extra_meta_for_payment_method
+		);
+		return EEH_Template::locate_template(
+			'payment_methods/Check/templates/check_payment_details_content.template.php',
+			$template_vars
+		);
+	}
 }